Welcome to Stairs 7, Textbook! Read to learn, and just for pleasure. Share your experiences with your friends!
Get down to the reading!
In Stairs 7 you will read fiction and facts about all sorts of characters, incidents and places. Improve your English skills and knowledge while studying interesting topics.
Cecilie Solberg Hege Dahl Unnerud
7
Textbook Bokmål
7
Stairs 5–7 er Cappelen Damms engelskverk for mellomtrinnet. Stairs 5–7, Utgave 2, er skrevet etter revidert læreplan av 2013. Elevene møter tilpassede utfordringer på tre nivåer: Step 1, Step 2 og Step 3.
Cecilie Solberg • Hege Dahl Unnerud
7
Bokmål
Komponenter: • Textbook, tekster på tre nivåer og muntlige oppgaver • Workbook, engangsbok med oppgaver på tre nivåer • Nettsted, stairs.cdu.no med oppgaver og skriveverksted • Lydstoff på cd og ved streaming (Stairs Listen) • Game Box med brettspill • Teacher’s Book med metodiske opplegg • Digital lærerressurs med blant annet tavlebøker og tester I S B N 978-82-02-44123-4
ISBN 978-82-02-44123-4
stairs.cdu.no 9
788202 441234 www.cdu.no
Stairs 7 TB BM OMSLAG TRYKK NY..indd 1
20.05.15 13.59
Cecilie Solberg og Hege Dahl Unnerud
7 UTGAVE 2 TEXTBOOK Bokm책l
© Cappelen Damm AS, 2015 Materialet i denne publikasjonen er omfattet av åndsverkslovens bestemmelser. Uten særskilt avtale med Cappelen Damm AS er enhver eksemplarframstilling og tilgjengeliggjøring bare tillatt i den utstrekning det er hjemlet i lov eller tillatt gjennom avtale med Kopinor, interesseorgan for rettighetshavere til åndsverk. Stairs 5–7 dekker alle målene i Kunnskapsløftet etter revidert plan 2013, i faget engelsk, og er laget til bruk på grunnskolens barnetrinn. Omslag, formgiving og skriftdesign: Substansdesign.com, Mette E. Gundersen Illustrasjoner: Anne Britt Meese, Solveig Lid Ball (side 48-56), Dave Windett (side 38-44) Språklig konsulent: Emily Haegi Forlagsredaktør: Toril Lindberg Bilderedaktør: Kjersti Laake ISBN 978-82-02-44123-4 Forfatterne har mottatt støtte fra Det faglitterære fond. Repro: RenessanseMedia AS, Asker 2015 Trykking/innbinding: Livionia Print SIA, Latvia, 2015 Utgave 2, Opplag 1 www.cdu.no www.stairs.cappelendamm.no
Welcome to Stairs! I Stairs 7 finner du tekster og oppgaver på tre trinn. Du begynner på Step 1. Her øver du på noe du allerede kan, og samtidig lærer du litt nytt. I margen står det ord som skal hjelpe deg til å forstå teksten. På Step 2 arbeider du videre med temaet. Her er det litt lengre og litt vanskeligere tekster. Også her er det ord i margen som hjelper deg å forstå. Step 3 har enda lengre og mer utfordrende tekster. Her vil du finne mange forskjellige utfordringer! Noen ord finner du i margen, men du kan også bruke ordlista bak eller ordbok hvis det er ord du ikke finner forklaring på og du ønsker å finne grunnformen av ordet. Noen av tekstene er dialoger som du kan lese sammen med andre elever. Du finner også faktaruter i margen. BEFORE READING
Se på bildene.
Les overskriftene.
Let etter ord du kan.
Hva tror du teksten handler om?
Chapter 1
Need to know?
Grammar – Verbs
Agree or disagree
Break the news! from page
6
News or not!
Speaking – Presentation: News
Writing – Persuasive text: Letter – Opinion
Chapter 2
Gutsy – an awesome hero
Grammar – Nouns: plural, Genitive
The
Legendary heroes
deeds of heroes will live! from page
38
Courageous creatures Brave heroes Speaking – Presentation: My hero
Writing – Comic strip
Chapter 3
Tales from old times
Be
Grammar – Adjectives, Adverbs
Unexpected endings
part of the story!
from page
78
Clever characters Speaking – Presentation: My favourite story
Writing – Story
Chapter 4
G’day Australia
Hit the frog and the toad!
from
4
Pick and choose
page
Grammar – Possessives, Reflexive Pronouns Hop to New Zealand
118
Speaking – Role Play: Court case
Writing – Recount
Chapter 5 Australian animals Keep the earth clean! from page
146
Grammar – Prepositions Wildlife down under Global warming Speaking – Debate: Argumentation Writing – Persuasive text: Point of view Chapter 6 For word
Once upon the time Thank you for the words! from page
184
Grammar – Conjunctions – Linking words Troubled tweens Life and Death Biography Speaking – Presentation of a book Writing – Book Review
Expand your vocabulary! from page
Irregular verbs and Glossary
236
5
Chapter 1
Welcome to this busy town. There is nothing
unusual about it. The people who live here are more or less the same as people in any other
town, city or country around the world. So is
their interest in the media. Radio, newspapers, TV, computers and so on play an important role for most of the citizens.
They make different choices, depending on their age, gender and interests. Why are the various media so important to people?
Let’s meet some of the citizens of this
town and try to find out what they prefer!
Jeg kan: presentere n
yheter
Adjectives exciting –
spennende
like medier
hold i u diskutere inn
famous – berømt interesting –
MÅL
skrive argumenterende tekster
idler
lpem ale hje t i g i d ke
bru
interessant naïve – naiv terrible – skrekkelig
Nouns Verbs
citizens – innbyggere commercial – reklame
expect – forvente,
computer –
vente på
datamaskin
listen – lytte
newspaper – avis
look – se
opinion – mening
remember – huske
tablet – nettbrett
Phrases
depending on – avhengig av more or less – mer eller mindre miss out on – gå glipp av
watch – se på
Verbs Conjugation
Presentation of the news
Persuasive text
Break the news!
Need to know? The Town keeping an eye on – holde øye med first floor – annen etasje (UK) leaning – lener seg
Grandma Jones sits outside her home, as she does every morning. Today, she is listening to the radio. At the same time, she is keeping an eye on the street. On the first floor, you can see Grandpa Jones, leaning out of the window. Grandpa Jones: Do you see anything of interest today, my love?
8
Grandma Jones: Yes, it looks as if there is a sale on at the bookshop.
to the left – til
Grandpa Jones: Are you sure, love? The notice is not
venstre
in the window, it is on the wall to the left of the shop.
eyesight – syn
Grandma Jones: Oh dear! My eyesight is getting worse.
dressed up –
I have to see the doctor. Perhaps, I need some new glasses.
utkledd
Grandpa Jones: Look over there! What are those boys up to?
kettle – kjele
Grandma Jones: I think they are making a film! One of them
keep up with –
is dressed up as a superhero!
holde følge med
Grandpa Jones: Okay, love – the kettle is on,
door handle –
and soon the tea will be ready.
dørhåndtak
Grandma Jones: Oh dear, already? How time flies
hooked on –
when you are busy trying to keep up with everything
avhengig av, liker
that is going on in this street.
veldig godt
Grandpa Jones: Well, I would also like to listen to the news on the radio, before Alan and James come to visit. Hurry up! Grandma Jones: Yes, yes, I am on my way. Hope I can find the door handle! Grandma hurries indoors for tea and some more news. She is hooked on both.
Activity Sit together in pairs and talk about what you see in the picture. Which building has the most floors? On which floor do you live? What is the view from your balcony or window?
Workbook page 4-5
9
Listeners for ages – i evigheter
This is Ed and Mary Jones. They have been married for ages.
expecting a visit –
They have three children and six grandchildren. Every day
venter besøk
they listen to the news on their old radio, while they enjoy
worried – bekymret
a nice cup of tea. Today, they are expecting a visit from
upset – oppskaket
their grandchildren, who are fifteen years old and twins.
accident – ulykke
Their names are Alan and James. The boys are taking the
brakes – bremser
bus from where they live to their
hit – traff
grandparents’ home.
witnesses – vitner
While listening to the radio, the two
overview – oversikt
old people get very worried and
nearest – nærmeste
upset. This is what they hear on the
carefully – forsiktig
radio:
Good evening! I am Colin Davies and this is BBC 4. Today there has been an accident in Huntington Road. The brakes failed on bus 39 Forest Hill. The bus hit a group of schoolchildren on their way home from school. Five have been sent to hospital, but we still don’t know who they are. Many of the students and teachers who were witnesses to the accident are in shock. The school is trying to get an overview of the children who were part of the accident. I am on my way to the nearest hospital and as soon as we have something more to report, we will be back with information! Meanwhile, look out and drive carefully!
10
Grandma Jones: This is terrible, Ed! What can we do? Grandpa Jones: I don’t know! Have you got the
safe – trygge
boys’ phone numbers?
safely – trygt
Grandma Jones: Yes, but where is the phone? I can’t remember where I put it, I am too upset, Ed. While looking for the phone, they hear a beeping sound from the sofa. Soon after Mr and Mrs Jones receive a message on their phone saying: “Don’t worry, Grandma and Grandpa! Everything is ok with us! We are safe! We got off the bus safely, and we are just around the corner. Love from Alan and James.”
Activity What can you say instead of “They have been married for ages”? What does the expression “just around the corner” mean? Retell the news to your classmate in your own words.
Workbook page 6
11
Different preferences environment – miljø lyrics – sangtekster
We asked some young people how they use different media.
available –
What type of news are you interested in?
tilgjengelig
What media do you use and why? Vicky, 11 I am interested in politics and the environment. I like the radio because they play good music before and after the news. I prefer pop music, but I also like R&B, hip-hop and rap. When I am with my mum, we listen to pop songs mostly. She doesn’t like the lyrics in my favourite rap songs. If the radio plays rap, she changes the station. I enjoy listening to the radio. I prefer to hear the news, not to read it. My mum drives me to school in the morning and we always listen to the radio news. It is important to know what is happening in the world.
James, 12 I read local news, about my town and my school. I also like to read about films, music and new video games. I choose to read online newspapers. I like them because they are always available. I read them on my computer, tablet or phone. I can always find out what’s going on because I always have my phone with me.
12
Emma, 13 I am interested in news and gossip about celebrities,
gossip – sladder
movie stars and models.
celebrities –
I prefer to get my news from
kjendiser
websites. I like to watch videos
keeping in touch –
and read news articles online.
holde kontakt med
I use my computer for the most part.
my preference – det
I don’t have a tablet. If I had one, I think I would
jeg foretrekker
use that instead. I like tablets because you can take them
mostly – mest
anywhere and use them for reading, watching videos and
in particular –
keeping in touch with your friends.
i særdeleshet, spesielt flick through – blar
Liam, 12
gjennom
My preference is for sports news mostly, and my favourite football team Arsenal in particular. I like to watch the news on TV. I enjoy watching TV because we have a comfy sofa and I like to watch the news and have a sandwich when I get home from football practice. I flick through the different channels and, if the news is boring, I watch a game instead.
Activity How do you know what is happening in the world? What type of news are you interested in? Explain why.
Workbook page 7-8 13
Verbs Verb Conjugation Regel
Infinitiv Infinitive
Preteritum Simple past
Perfektum Past participle (have / has)
play
played
played
start
started
started
plan
planned
planned
perfektum partisipp.
cry
cried
cried
Lær de uregelrette
buy
bought
bought
verbene på side 236.
sing
sang
sung
Regelrette verb ender på -ed i preteritum og perfektum. Uregelrette verb slik som go – went – gone, ender ikke på -ed i
Når vi øver oss i å bøye (conjugate) verb i et skjema, bruker vi Regel
disse formene av verbet: infinitiv, preteritum og perfektum.
Husk at verb i presens skal ende på -s i
Simple present – Vanlig presens
3. person entall.
The radio plays good music. I play the guitar. We play video games.
Regel
Spørsmål og nektelse
I spørsmål og nektende
I don’t (do not) listen to the radio.
setninger i presens må
She doesn’t (does not) play video games.
du bruke do/does som
Do you?
hjelpeverb. I nektende setninger
Present continuous – Presens samtidsform
må du også ha med
I am watching TV right now.
nektelsen not. Forkortet
He is watching TV now.
blir den -n’t.
Look at us! We are all watching TV!
do not = don’t does not = doesn’t.
Husk at presens samtidsform brukes om det som skjer akkurat nå. Du må bøye hjelpeverbet to be etter subjektet. Example:
14
I am talking, he is talking
Past participle – Perfektum partisipp Perfektum partisipp brukes til å danne presens perfektum. Du bruker hjelpeverbet have. Example: I have finished my homework. Du kan også bruke perfektum partisipp til å danne preteritum perfektum. Da snakker du om det du hadde gjort. Du bruker preteritum av hjelpeverbet have. Example: I had already eaten when you came home. Regel
Future – Futurum
Vi kan bruke to be +
Do you see that cloud? It is going to rain!
going to eller will for å
That coat is so thin! You will get wet.
si noe om en handling i framtid.
Will og shall
Vi bruker to be + going
Skal på norsk og shall på engelsk betyr ikke det samme.
to om noe en kan se
Will brukes ofte om noe vi går med på, noe vi lover å gjøre.
eller høre, noe det
Shall betyr bør, noe vi har plikt til å gjøre.
finnes bevis for, eller når det er noe vi
Examples:
har bestemt oss
I will answer the phone. Jeg skal ta telefonen.
for å gjøre.
You shall tidy your room before you watch TV.
Vi bruker will om noe
Du må rydde på rommet ditt før du ser på TV.
vi tror, mener eller
Workbook page 9-21
regner med.
15
Agree or disagree Who decides? widescreen – flatskjerm/ storskjerm tablet – nettbrett What’s on tonight? – Hva er det på TV i kveld? together – sammen med record – her: opptak av program
The Jenkins are always arguing about who has the right to watch programs on the widescreen. Nobody wants to look at his or her favourite program on a tablet. To keep them all happy, they should have a TV each, or should they? Annie is sitting in the sofa watching The Wizards of Waverly Place, when her brother comes into the room. Nicholas: Hello, sister! What’s on tonight? Annie: Hi! I’m watching The Wizards of Waverly Place. Sit down. We can watch it together. Nicholas: No! I want to see the match between Chelsea and Arsenal. One of them is sure to win the Cup. Annie: Can’t you record it and watch it later? Or you could watch it on your tablet. Nicholas: No way! I want to watch it now! Use your own tablet to watch your silly program.
16
Annie: Oh, I hate you! You always decide what we are going to watch.
decide – bestemme
Just because you are older than me doesn’t
barge in – trenge
give you the right to barge in like this.
seg på, forstyrre
Nicholas: Yeah, yeah, move over girl and give me some
space – plass
space. Go and sit in the chair! Your big brother
relax – slappe av
is going to relax!
leave it now – lar
Annie: I’ll tell Dad about this.
det ligge, gir opp
Nicholas: Sure, daddy’s little girl! I am so afraid
otherwise –
of what he’s going to do, ha, ha!
hvis ikke
Annie: Okay! I will leave it now, but tomorrow,
understand – forstå
I will be the one to decide what to watch on TV.
got it – forsto,
The whole evening! Otherwise, I will cut the cable
kan også bety ‘fikk
to the telly! Do you understand? Nicholas: Got it!! You can see anything you like tomorrow.
juling’ almost – nesten time for bed – på
Later, when the match is over, Annie’s brother leaves the
tide å legge seg
room.
give up – gir opp
Annie: Finally! It’s my turn. Let’s see what’s on. Mum: Annie, it’s almost ten o’clock. Isn’t it time for bed? Dad and I are going to watch the news now. Annie: Ohh! I give up!
Activity Who decides what to watch on TV in your home? Which programs do you disagree on? How many TVs do you think a family needs? Name three things that are good about TV as a medium, and three things that are not so good.
Workbook page 22-25
17
How to torture your sister jelly doughnut – smultbolle med syltetøy i couch – sofa napkin – serviett lap – fang untouched – uten å røre den swallow – svelge wave it around – rull den rundt
She ate her jelly doughnut at lunch. You saved yours. It is now two hours later. Sit down next to your sister on the couch. Put the jelly doughnut on a napkin in your lap. Leave it, untouched, until she asks you if you still want it. Then begin eating: “Mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm. This is soooooooo good.” Take a large bite and chew with your mouth open so she gets a good view. Swallow and run tongue over lips. “Mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm.” Stick tongue in jelly centre and wave it around in the air before pulling it back in mouth. “Don’t you wish you had some?” Take tiny bites. Lick fingers in between. “Boy – there’s nothing like having
18
a jelly doughnut in the middle of the afternoon!” Pop last bit into mouth and pat stomach.
pop – putte raskt pat – klapp
Wander into the room when she calls a friend on the
wander – gå/
telephone. Pick up a book and sit down on the couch. Pretend
vandre inn
to read. Then mimic her as she begins her
mimic – herme,
telephone conversation:
etterape creep – ekling, kryp
Hi, how are you? Hi, how are you? Wha’d you do today?
grown-up – voksen
Wha’d you do today? What? Wait a minute, my sister’s driving me crazy. Wait a minute, my sister’s driving me crazy. Would you cut it out. Would you cut it out. You dirty creep. You dirty creep. Stop repeating me! Stop repeating me! I’ll kill you if you don’t stop! I’ll kill you if you don’t stop! I said STOP! I said STOP! STOP IT! STOP IT! Put down your book and run. From How to eat like a child and other lessons in not being a grown-up by Delia Ephron
Activity In what way does this person torture her sister? How do you and your siblings behave together? Where are you when you talk on the phone? Who do you like to call? Do you prefer text messages or chatting? Why?
Workbook page 25-27
19
Entertainment or education subject – tema lesson – skoletime
Teacher: Good morning, students! Our subject for today’s
entertained –
English lesson is talking about films.
underholdt
Why do you watch films?
those – dem
Mark: I watch films because I want to be entertained.
lyrics – sangtekst
Anna: Or, I want to learn something.
decide – bestemme
Teacher: What kind of films do you like best?
lullaby – vuggevise
Claire: I like to watch comedies. They make me laugh. Ben: I like to watch films, like Harry Potter. I find them exciting. I like the fantasy genre the best. Alison: I don’t like any of those. I prefer documentaries. Teacher: Ok, so we watch different types of films, depending on who we are and what we prefer Claire: Yes, it’s just the same with books. We choose differently. Teacher: Well, students. Today we are going to watch a film. It is one of the classics. I will give you the lyrics from its most well-known song. I want you to read them and then try to decide which film it is. Maybe some of you have seen it already. Let’s find out! Somewhere, over the rainbow, Way up high There’s a land that I heard of Once in a lullaby Somewhere over the rainbow, Skies are blue And the dreams that you dare to dream Really do come true
20
Someday I’ll wish upon a star
synopsis – utdrag
And wake up where the clouds are far behind me
view – se
Where troubles melt like lemon drops, Way above the chimney tops That’s where you’ll find me Somewhere, over the rainbow, Bluebirds fly Birds fly over the rainbow, Why then, oh, why can’t I? If happy little bluebirds fly Beyond the rainbow, Why, oh, why can’t I?
Ben: The lyrics are famous, but I am not sure about the film title. Mark: I know the melody, but I am definitely not going to sing it! Claire: I think it is from the film “The Wizard of Oz”. It is a film about a girl who lives with her aunt and uncle on a farm in Kansas. She has a dog, I can’t remember the name of it, but one day she is caught in a tornado and wakes up in another place. I think she wanted to run away from home because the woman from next door, who was bitten by the dog, wanted it put down. And for some reason the girl went home again and that was when the tornado came. Teacher: You remember a lot from the synopsis. Have any of you seen it or perhaps read the book? (The children are shaking their heads). Ok! Let us view it now! 21
a living scarecrow – et levende fugleskremsel a speaking lion – en løve som kan snakke heroine – heltinne tough – tøff coward – feiging
(Afterwards, they talk about the film). Teacher: Now, I want to know what type of film this is. Ben: It is a very old sort of fantasy film. It can’t be true. There is no such thing as a tin man or a living scarecrow, nor a speaking lion. Teacher: You are quite right! Anyone else who wants to make a comment about the film? Claire: I like the fact that there is a female heroine and that she takes care of the characters she meets along the way. Anna: I think Dorothy is very brave, like when they meet the lion. First, you think he is dangerous and tough. Then when Dorothy defends the others, he behaves like a coward. Claire: He even starts to cry! And he admits he is a coward! Ben: It is very much a fairytale, the good fighting the bad. And winning! Teacher: What about the scarecrow who thinks he has no brain and the tin man who thinks he doesn’t have a heart? And they both hope the Wizard can help them. 22
Alison: I don’t know, but I think the film showed that they both had a brain and a heart.
ruby – rubinrøde
Teacher: What about the ruby slippers?
slippers – tøfler
Anna: They help her against the Witch of the
thoughts – tanker
West.
knocked
Teacher: In the beginning of the film Dorothy
unconscious – slått
runs away from home, but at the end of the film
bevisstløs
she wants to go home. What are your thoughts about this? Mark: The ruby slippers help her, but something puzzles me. Isn’t it all just a dream, because she wakes up in her bed with her family around her? Anna: Perhaps, when she is knocked unconscious by the tornado, instead of dying she goes into this fantasy world where she fights evil. Maybe all the evil things she meets in her fantasy really are all her terrible neighbour who wanted to kill her dog, Toto? Teacher: Interesting thought! Alison: Since there is so much music and dance in this film, isn’t it really a musical? Teacher: Yes, you are right!
Activity What is your favourite film? Name 3 or 4 musicals that have been filmed. Many books have been adapted to film. Name some of them.
Workbook page 28
23
Pick and choose Trying to make a commercial commercial – reklamefilm
In his room, Robin is trying to make
present – presentere
a commercial with his classmate Edward.
slogan – slagord
They have chosen to make a commercial about
relax – slapp av
one of the games for PlayCube 360.
main thing –
It’s not as easy as it looks.
hovedsaken robe – kappe
Edward: Which game do
glasses – briller
we choose? Robin: What about Harry Potter? Edward: How do we present it? Robin: With a good slogan, of course. Edward: That was not a good answer! Something has to happen in the commercial! Robin: Relax! We’re not professionals. Mr Slater said the main thing was to find a great slogan. Edward: That’s easier said than done. Perhaps we drop the film and draw instead. Then we write a slogan on it. No, I guess that’s not enough. We need to film something, too. Robin: That was the idea. Edward: What if you dress like Harry Potter: robe, glasses and everything? Then you jump off your bookshelf, in a sort of flying way. I’ll be filming. Robin: Do you think that will work?
24
Edward: Of course! But we still need a slogan. Robin: What about “PlayCube is life”? Edward: Works fine for me. Get on top of that bookshelf and try to jump. Remember the slogan while you jump! Robin: Okay. Are you ready? Here I come! PlayCube 36 ai, ai, ai, auuuu …
remember – husk use – bruk grab – grip instead – i stedet stupid – dumming
Edward: Are you ok? Robin: No! My foot, I think I broke it! Edward: That’s terrible! Hey, what about this slogan: “Books are boring, use your head, grab your PlayCube instead!” Robin: Call the doctor, stupid!
Activity In what kind of media do you find commercials? Why do they have commercials? Do you know or remember any commercial slogans? What type of commercials do you like best and why? Why do we have commercials? Do commercials always tell the truth about a product? Give reasons for your answer.
Workbook page 29-31
25
Homework Let’s meet Belinda and Vicky. They have come home from school. They are going to do some homework. It is a history project, and they need the computer. Belinda’s mum is at home when they arrive. Will they do what they say?
26
Mum: Hello, Linda. How was your day? Belinda: OK, I guess. Mum, Vicky and I are working together
borrow – låne (av)
on a project. Can we borrow your computer?
paper – her: oppgave
Mum: Depends on what you are going to use it for?
net community –
Belinda: Just to find some information and send the paper to
nettsamfunn
my school mail.
Mum: Hello, Vicky! Vicky: Hello, Mrs. Higgins. It won’t take long. We work in pairs, you see. It’s about the Vikings. Mum: OK, then. I have to go out to the shop. I’ll be back in an hour. See you. Belinda: Let’s go into Mum’s room. The computer’s there on her desk. Find a chair and let’s get to work. Vicky: Computers are great! You can find everything you need. Belinda: Yes! Have you heard about the new net community?
27
stardom – berømmelse the point – poenget profile – profil (fortelle hvem de er) promised – lovet
Vicky: No, what’s it called? Belinda: It’s called ‘Stardom’. The point is that anyone who wants to be famous, can leave their profile there. And then you can be contacted by film makers, musicians and other people in the show business industry. Vicky: That sounds cool. Have you done it? Belinda: No! But I would like to do it. Perhaps we can do it together. You just leave your name and age. Then you write a few lines about yourself, and if they’re interested they will contact you. Vicky: That sounds great! Let’s do it! Belinda: Yes, let’s! But hang on, I think your mum’s back. Hurry! Mum: Hello girls! How are you doing? Have you finished your work? Belinda: Soon! Mum: Can I see what you have written? Vicky: Well, there is … I mean … Mum: Let me have a look. You’ve done nothing, girls! This is not what you promised me, is it? What did you do?
28
Belinda: We were going to look up the Vikings; suddenly we were completely distracted.
were distracted –
Mum: Well, whatever you are supposed to do, you can do it
her: glemte oss
by hand. We have some books about the Vikings, here.
supposed – her:
You can start to read and then you can write afterwards.
skulle
I’ll send your teacher a message about what’s happened.
message – beskjed
Belinda: I’m sorry mum. Can we get a second chance? Mum: No, I don’t think so. You’d better go home, Vicky. Vicky: Goodbye, then. See you tomorrow.
Activity Name three things that are good about the internet. Name three things or more you have to be careful about when you go on the internet. What can you find on the internet? What do you have to be aware of when using the internet? What do you use the internet for? If you don’t have a computer, where else can you find information about a subject?
Workbook page 32-33
29
True or false? power – makt leave out – utelate
The media has power. They can leave important facts out,
last but
and present their own view. So how can we know the truth?
not least – sist,
Do we understand when we are being fooled?
men ikke minst being fooled –
Ali: Have you read the news about what’s-her-name,
bli lurt
the pop singer, today?
what’s-her-name –
Lindy: No, what is it? Has anything bad happened to her?
hva hun nå heter
Matt: Let me guess: She’s getting married again, isn’t she?
guess – gjette
Yu Jin: Do you really believe all that nonsense?
nonsense – tull
Bill: I don’t! Last week they wrote she was pregnant to Wild
pregnant – gravid
Billy Bob, remember?
Shame on them! –
Lindy: Yes, isn’t that great! I hope it’s a boy!
De skulle skamme
If I were to have a baby boy,
seg!
I would call him Angelo, like in angel, you know.
takes us for
Just think of having a bab …
a ride – lurer oss
Matt: I don’t believe it! No one truly believes that rubbish!
engagement ring –
Sara: I believe that part of the press just takes us for a ride!
forlovelsesring
Shame on them!
spoken for –
Shifia: As long as we buy it, they will sell it.
bortlovet
Lindy: It isn’t all lies. She really is wearing an engagement ring, with a diamond as big as a grape. I’ve seen the photos. If I practise I could be a singer, too. Matt: Remember Wild Billy Bob is already spoken for, he, he. Lindy: That’s not funny! Why do you always make fun of me, Matt?
30
Sharif: Because he thinks you’re a bit naïve, Lindy. Gwen: So, you’re saying we should stop
naïve – godtroende
reading gossip, then?
gossip – sladder
Ali: You wouldn’t, you can’t live without it!
made up –
Shifia: How can anyone enjoy reading news
oppdiktet
that they know is made up? Ali: That’s the problem; some of us don’t!
Activity Why are there so many newspapers and magazines that write gossip? What do you think Sharif means when he says Lindy is naïve? Is gossip based on the truth? Give reasons for your answer. If you were a celebrity, how would it feel to read lies about yourself?
Workbook page 34-35
31
News or not! Reading the news hand over – sende gathered around –
The Iqbal family is gathered around the breakfast table.
samlet rundt
Mr Iqbal, as you can see, is a keen reader of the newspaper.
keen – ivrig
Every morning, he has to read the news. Not everyone is
checking – sjekke
happy about it.
catch up on – følge med på Dad: Can you hand over the newspaper, Omar? Omar: Must you always read the paper when we’re eating, Dad? Why not wait and read it on the bus? Dad: Because, I enjoy reading it at home. I like to catch up on what’s happening out there. Besides, Omar, you are always on your phone texting with your friends at breakfast! Omar: What about you, Mum? You’re always chatting and checking all your social media.
32
Mum: Me? No, I’m just catching up on the latest news, like Dad. I’m reading the news, too. I just like to read
important – viktig
on my phone instead.
have been
Anita: Is it really that important? I mean, do you have to read
complaining
the news before you leave the house in the morning?
about –
Dad: Yes! Look here, you three have been complaining about
har klaget på
all the dirt from the dogs in our town. Well, listen to this!
vicar – prest
This reader owns a dog himself.
opinion – mening
Anita: Okay! It’s true, my new shoes got ruined when
closing down –
I stepped in dog poo the other day.
nedleggelse
Mum: I remember. It made me just as angry. I paid for those shoes! Dad: And Omar, look here! The vicar has written his opinion about the closing down of the Youth club. Omar: What? Let me see! Mum: Anyone want more tea?
Activity Which medium does Mr Iqbal prefer in the morning? Beside the local news, what else can you read about in the newspapers? If you want to express your opinion in the newspaper, what can you do? What topics do you think newspapers should write about more? Name some English and Norwegian newspapers. What is the name of your favourite newspaper?
Workbook page 36-38
33
A matter of opinion owners – eiere
Where in the text do we learn that the
smells – lukter
writer himself is a dog owner?
awful – grusomt getting – å få
Dog owners!
dog poo – hundebæsj step – tråkker return – gå tilbake get changed – skifte klær cheap – billig be late for – være sent ute til pile – haug unfair – urettferdig show responsibility – vis ansvar otherwise – ellers town council – byråd immediate action – umiddelbare tiltak hire – leie guards – vakter take care of – ta seg av nearest – nærmeste
Activity
waste bin –
Who is the boy
søppelkasse
angry with? How do we know he is angry?
34
Workbook page 39
Let the youth club live! youth – ungdom disaster – katastrofe town – by by doing so – ved å gjøre det a major mistake – en stor feil pool – biljard opportunity – anledning recognise – kjenne igjen parish – sogn crowded – fullt fighting – slåss support – støtte especially – spesielt contribute – bidra
Activity Sit in small groups and discuss: What is an opinion? Give an example of an opinion. What is democracy? Who can write in the newspapers? Name three things that are good about newspapers as a medium.
0 e 4 g a k p o o kb Wor 35
Presentation
Introduction Start by introducing your news item. Show pictures connected to your
Write and present your
news article.
own news report. You can talk about: – a lost dog – an accident – a bank robbery – a football match – a storm – a volcanic eruption – an earthquake Or you can pick a news item that you find interesting, which already has taken place. Search the internet, newspapers, television or radio for sports news, world news, cultural news. Present them in the same manner as shown below.
Remember Write down key words on a card to support you when you report your news. Make eye contact with your audience. Speak loud and clear, and not too fast. Try to speak with English intonation. Let your audience know they can ask questions after you have finished speaking.
Interesting facts Pick out interesting details regarding your news article: What has happened? Where did it take place? Who was involved? What will happen next?
Conclusion Say something about why you chose to present this news article. Model text: Early yesterday morning an accident occurred in Oslo’s city centre. Two cars were involved. The front of the cars where badly damaged. One car came into the wrong lane and hit the other car in the front. In one of the cars, there was a woman in her forties. In the other car, there were a man in his thirties and his two-yearold daughter. Fortunately, none of the people were hurt, but the ambulance officers examined them before they left. The girl was taken to hospital just in case. The road was blocked for about an hour. A bigger divide could be put between the lanes to make sure this type of accident does not happen again.
3636 36
FACTS
A persuasive text is
Persuasive text Write a letter to the newspaper!
a text that tries to convince the reader of a certain view.
Express your opinion on an issue. Headline
Model text
Make a catchy headline to go with your theme.
Wild dogs terrorise citizens!
First paragraph Write a paragraph that takes a stand on a question. Be clear about what the problem is.
Stray dogs running around in the streets are a big problem in our town.
Second paragraph Support your opinion with facts. Describe how the problem affects people.
Every day we can see dogs running around in our parks. They bark at the birds and chase cats and squirrels.
Third paragraph Include some reasons to support your opinion. Do not use the first person (I think, I believe). Use words that persuade, such as should or must.
All dogs should be kept on a lead, because people can be allergic or afraid of them. Dog owners must know that leaving dogs untied is irresponsible and unacceptable behavior!
Fourth paragraph Sum up your writing by repeating your opinion.
Our town must do something about these stray dogs! Sarah Shepherd, Reading
Persuasive texts can also be: an advertisement – convinces you, for example, to buy something
Workbook page 41
a book review – convinces you to read a chosen book a film review – convinces you to watch a chosen film a pamphlet – convinces you, for example, to travel somewhere 3737 37
Chapter 2
Have you ever met a hero, or been heroic yourself? What does it mean to be brave, to show courage? You don’t need to be a superman to be a hero. Helping a friend, a neighbour or a complete stranger in need can be a heroic action.
In this chapter, you will meet some heroes from
literature, but also brave people and courageous animals from the real world. We hope that you enjoy the texts, and that they inspire your own
acts of courage when you see someone in need.
Jeg kan: planlegge og
Adjectives
lage en tegne
serie
efficient – effektiv enormous – enormt
trendy – moderne,
lsk
ativt på enge
kre uttrykke meg
heroic – heltemodig polite – høflig
MÅL
lese og forstå tekster fra ulike kilder
on om sentasj
n pre
holde e
en helt
kul
Verbs
Phrases
demand – kreve
take for granted –
detect – oppdage experience – oppleve praise – skryte react – reagere
Nouns
ability – evne confidence – selvtillit courage – mot
ta for gitt to make a difference – å utgjøre en forskjell what’s the matter – hva er i veien
deed – dåd, gjerning enemy – fiende hero – helt
Nouns - Plural Genitive
Presentation
Comic strip
s The deed of heroes will live!
Gutsy – an awesome hero P.E. Class changing room – garderobe P.E. (physical
Illustrations by Dave Windett.
education) – kroppsøving sweat suit – joggedress you’ll be in trouble – du kommer til å få kjeft at your service – til tjeneste finally – endelig adjust the clock – stille klokka change – skifte What’s the matter – Hva er i veien locker – garderobeskap courage – mot
Quotation
You will never do anything in this world without courage. It is the greatest quality of the mind next to honour. Aristotle
40
Illustrations by Dave Windett
Characters: Superhero: Gutsy
sidekick –
Real name: Guy Smith
bestevenn,
Superpower: spreads
kompanjong
courage and positive
genius – geni
energy (sprinkles magic
arch nemesis –
dust), can fly short
erkefiende
distances
bully – bølle,
Sidekick: Genius Girl
mobber
Real name: Jane Jones Superpower: can make herself invisible, can give confidence, is the most loyal friend anyone can have Arch nemesis: Bully Boy
Activity What happens in the story? Retell it in your own words. What would you do if you were in Sam’s situation? Describe Gutsy. Would you like to have a hero like him at your school? When do you need help from someone? How can children get in trouble for lying? What would you do if one of your friends were in Sam’s situation? Name some superheroes from comic books and comic strips.
Workbook
pages 42-44
41
Standing up to Bullies bully – bølle midget – nedsettende ord om en som er liten polite – høflig getting away – slippe unna geek – dust move – flytte seg make you – få deg til å counting – telle picked the lock – dirket opp låsen of course – selvfølgelig toilet, lavatory, loo – toalett sign – skilt locked – låst throwing away – kaster bort need a pee – må tisse
Illustrations by Dave Windett
42
Character: vicious – Bully Boy
ondskapsfull
INFO: Gutsy’s arch nemesis. Wants to “rule the school”.
rude – frekk
His main weapon is his vicious tongue, but he has been
warn – advarer
known to hit, kick and even bite. He uses his brain, but his friends use their muscles.
Activity Retell the story. What happens? How does it end? Who is being rude in the story? Who is being polite? Do you think Gutsy and Genius girl are good heroes? Why / Why not?
Quotation
“Anyone who does
How do you react if you see someone being bullied?
anything to help a
What can we do about bullying?
child in his life is a
Find the onomatopoeia in the text.
hero to me.”
Workbook page 45-46
Fred Rogers
Facts
Onomatopoeia is the forming of words to express a sound.
43
Fashion Statement fashion statement – moteriktig kledd forget – glemme nanna – bestemor (kallenavn for bestemor, som Besta) bothered – brydd glasses – briller smart – her: stilig trendy – moderne, kul geek – dust branch – grein gate – port fence – gjerde ponytail – hestehale talk behind someone’s back – baksnakke self-confidence – selvtillit
Illustrations by Dave Windett
44
Girls in comics
stand out – skille seg ut
Female characters in comics are often known for being
crowd –
someone’s girlfriend or wife. Minnie Mouse is the lovely
gjeng
female companion of the much more famous Mickey Mouse. However, superheroes are not just men and boys. There are famous superheroes like Catwoman, who fights crime alongside Batman in Gotham City. Other female superheroes include Wonder Woman, Batgirl and Marvel Girl.
Activity What happens in the story? What do the girls mean when they say that something is “sooo last year”? What do you think of the girls’ behaviour? How would you react if you were in Linda’s situation? How can we make each other feel good about ourselves? What do your friends have in common with Genius Girl? What is it like to stand out in a crowd?
Workbook page 47
45
Nouns in plural forms – Substantiver i flertall Regular nouns
Substantiv som ender på
De fleste substantiv ender
-f eller -fe i entall
på -s i flertall Example: a girl – two girls, a
Examples:
boy – two boys
a life – two lives
Regel
a knife – two knives
De fleste substantiv
Irregular nouns
a wife – two wives
som ender på -fe og -f
Uregelrette substantiv bøyes
a half – two halves
får i flertall endelsen
litt annerledes.
a leaf – two leaves
-ves.
Examples:
a life – two lives
a man – two men
a loaf – two loaves
a woman – two women
a shelf – two shelves
a child – two children
a thief – two thieves
a person – two people
a wolf – two wolves
på -o i entall får ofte
Substantiv som ender på
-es som endelse i
-o i entall
Substantiv som ikke telles – mass nouns
flertall. Dette gjelder
Examples:
Noen substantiv kan du
ikke alle ord som
a hero – two heroes
ikke telle eller sette tallord
ender på -o. Vi har for
a potato – two potatoes
foran. Dette gjelder ord
eksempel a photo – two
a tomato – two tomatoes
som:
Regel Substantiv som ender
photos.
Workbook pages 48-50
water, milk, food, sand, Substantiv som ender på
advice, news, paper, hair, ice,
-sh, -ch og -y i entall
homework
Husk også substantiv som ender på -sh, -ch, -y og
Examples:
som får -es eller -ies i
Gutsy gave me a word of
flertall.
advice. Gutsy ga meg et råd.
Example:
Can I have some water,
a brush – many brushes
please? Kan jeg få litt vann,
a branch – many branches
vær så snill?
a hobby – many hobbies 4646
Genitive
Plural: The girls’ clothes
Hovedregel
The doctors’ patients
Apostrof-genitiv forteller noe om et eierforhold og brukes gjerne om personer og dyr. Vi legger til ‘s (apostrof +s). Regular nouns –
Hvis flertall slutter på -s
regelrette substantiver
settes ’ (apostrofen) etter flertalls -s. Irregular nouns –
Regel
Uregelrette substantiver
Substantiv som danner flertall ved
Examples:
vokalbytte eller -en, får
Examples:
The hero’s friend
’s (apostrof + s) i både
Singular:
The heroes’ friend
entall og flertall genitiv.
Bert’s bike
The man’s shoes
The doctor’s patient
The men’s shoes
The girl’s clothes
The woman’s skirt
Grandpa’s jacket
The women’s skirts The person’s choice The people’s choice The child’s toys The children’s toys
Workbook page 51
4747
Legendary heroes lived – bodde
Robin Hood and the silver arrow
going to do about – gjøre med contest – tevling
Once upon a time, there
bowmen –
was a man named
bueskyttere
Robin Hood.
county – et mindre
He lived in Sherwood
område med lokalt
Forest, near Nottingham.
selvstyre compete – konkurrere competition – konkurranse
Sir Guy of Gisborne: What are you going to do about Robin Hood? Sheriff of Nottingham: I am going to hold a contest. The best bowmen of the county will come to compete.
Sir Guy: Robin Hood will never enter the competition. Sheriff: He will! And then he will be mine.
48
Little John: Robin, there
market day –
will be a contest on
markedsdag
market day!
silver arrow –
The prize is a silver arrow
sølvpil
with feathers.
dress as – kle seg ut som wait and see – vent og se pots for sale – krukker til salgs buy – kjøp
Little John: You cannot go, Robin. They will arrest you! Robin Hood: Not if I dress as someone else. Little John: Like who? Robin Hood: Wait and see!
Man: Pots for sale! Come and buy!
man: s ’ f f i r he
Next!
S
49
ne! ell do
e: W
Well done! – Godt
Peopl
gjort! shot – skudd sire – min herre guards – vakter
Sheriff: A fine shot! Can I have a look at your arrow, please? Man: I have no time, sire.
Facts
Robin Hood was a 13th century superhero. He took money from the rich and
s! Guard : f f i ’s r She im! It h p o t s! S Guard ! Hood n i b o R
gave it to the poor. The year 1377 is the
Activity
earliest reference
Why would the sheriff capture Robin Hood?
to Robin Hood, in
What kind of weapon did they use in the contest?
William Langland’s
Find out if Robin Hood was a real or fictional person.
poem, “The vision of William concerning Piers Plowman”. 50
Workbook page 54-56
!
Good
William Tell main – viktigst, William Tell was a tall and strong man. He lived in Altdorf,
hoved-
the main town in Uri.
bow – bue
He was known as the best bowman in all of Switzerland.
for keeps – til odel og eie
William: Come Son, let’s practise!
excited – spent
Son: You don’t need to practise, Dad, you are the best bowman! William: I am good because I have practised a lot, you know. Son: I know, Dad. You practise every day. That’s why you are so good. William: Yes, and I want you to be good, too. Here is your bow and arrow, Son. It’s time you started practising, as well. Son: My first bow. Is it really mine for keeps? William: Yes! I started practising when I was your age. Son: Can we start? I am so excited! William: Yes! But first I will explain a couple of things to you. Come here!
51
And so father and son started practising. Every day the boy Swiss – sveitser,
got better, though not as good as his father.
sveitsisk
At that time the Swiss were ruled by the Austrians.
ruled by – styrt av
The governor of Uri, was Vogt Gessler.
Austrians –
He was evil and a tyrant.
østerrikere tyrant – tyrann
From outside the town, a young boy came running. He cried
piglets – grisunger
out to his parents.
spot – oppdage
Young boy: Mum! Dad! Gessler’s men are coming.
hooves – hover
Father: Quick, hurry! Take this food and the piglets and hide
keep up – holde
in the safe place in the forest. Hurry up, before they spot you!
følge
And take your sister, too.
continued –
Mother: And be quiet.
fortsatte
Gessler’s men mustn’t
questioning –
see or hear you.
utspørring The children ran into the forest. They heard the sound of hooves. The ground was shaking! Sister: Please, don’t run so fast. I can’t keep up! Brother: Let me take the piglets too, maybe that will help. The children continued into the forest to their hiding place. At the farm, Gessler’s men were questioning their parents:
52
Gesslers men: Now! Where do you keep your crop? Father: This is all we’ve got.
crop – avling
Gessler’s men: We don’t believe you.
are warning –
Where have you hidden it?
advarer
Mother: It’s true. We don’t have anything else.
oats – havregryn
Gessler’s men: We are warning you for the last time. Where is your crop? Father: We only have these hens and some oats. The leader of Gessler’s men: You give me no alternative but this! Men! Take the animals and burn their cottage! Parents: No!!! The parents could do nothing but watch their home being burned down.
53
Now they had no roof over their heads. The story of the throughout –
family spread throughout the town of Altdorf. People got
over hele
very upset when they heard about it.
upset – opprørt anger – sinne
In the town, the men reported to Gessler what had happened.
power – kraft
Gessler got mad with anger and decided that now was the
ordered – bestilte
time to show his power. He ordered a pole to be put up in
pole – påle, stang
the town square. On top of the pole, he put a hat. Everyone
square – torg
who passed had to kneel in front of it. This was to humiliate
passed – passerte
the people of Altdorf once and for all. The people hated Vogt
kneel – knele
Gessler, but dared not disobey.
humiliate – ydmyke once and for all – en gang for alle disobey – være ulydig
54
One morning, William passed the hat without kneeling. Vogt Gessler saw this and was furious.
without – uten
Vogt Gessler: Stop! You forgot to kneel!
furious – rasende
William Tell: I will never kneel in front of a silly hat!
silly – dum, tåpelig
Vogt Gessler: Do as I say or you will regret it for the rest of
regret – angre
your life.
revenge – hevn
William Tell: What will you do? You can’t make me.
imagined – forestilt seg
And so William continued walking.
signed – signert,
Gessler swore to take revenge.
underskrevet
He thought of a plan that no one could have imagined.
attend – møte opp,
Some days later, some of Gessler’s men put up a signed
være til stede
notice in the church of Altdorf.
anything – hva som
Man: Look! Let us go and see what is written on the notice.
helst, noe
Woman: I cannot read. What does it say? Man: It says that a famous Austrian bowman is coming to Altdorf. He is the best bowman in Austria. Anyone who wants to can challenge him. Child: Is that all? Man: It also says that all men over twenty must attend. If not they will be killed. Child: But I have not done anything wrong? Woman: Hurry home and tell your parents! And so the word spread throughout Altdorf. William also heard the news.
55
He brought his family to the town square the following day. following –
Gessler was in the crowd. Suddenly he took a step forward.
følgende crowd – (folke) masse suddenly – plutselig forward – framover, fram crossbow – armbrøst target – mål roast – steke hell – helvete
Gessler: Who dares to challenge the greatest bowman of Austria? Take a step forward. William: I dare! I know how to use a crossbow. Show me the target and I will shoot it down without problem. Gessler had said nothing about what the target was. He went into the crowd and got hold of William’s young son. Gessler: I am sorry, Tell. You never asked what the target was going to be. Here it is, your own son. Son: Father, I am scared. Let me go! William: You are an evil man. May you roast in hell! Gessler laughed and pushed the little boy against the tree.
56
He took out a big red apple and placed it on top of the boy’s head.
against – (i)mot whispered – hvisket
Gessler: This will be your target!
raised – hevet aimed – siktet
William went over to his son and whispered that he had to
bowstring –
stand still. If not, things could go very wrong.
buestreng divided – delt
William: Close your eyes, my son, and stand still.
cheered – heiet
Son: I will, father.
rage – raseri tight – tett
William was very nervous. He raised the bow up and aimed it
avoided – unngikk
at the apple on his son’s head. William pulled the bowstring while closing his eyes. Seconds after the crowd cheered. The arrow had divided the apple in two parts. Gessler went mad with rage and walked away. William went over to his son, took him in his arms and held him tight. From that day, Gessler avoided William.
Activity What does “Practise makes perfect” mean? What are the names of the main characters in this text? What job did Gessler have in Austria? What does Gessler put up in the town square? What do you think William thought when he was told that his son was the target? Why does Gessler avoid William in the end? Find words to describe Gessler. Make a mind map. Who does something heroic in this story?
Workbook page 57-61
57
Courageous creatures .A
feathered friend
mines – gruver
People have worked in mines for a great many years. The
considered –
work is considered to be hard and involve a high risk of
betraktet
danger. In coalmines, dangerous gases can occur. The gas
danger – fare
seep out of cracks in the mountain and is difficult to detect
detect – oppdage
since it is colourless and without smell.
colourless – fargeløs
In an attempt to create a safer environment for the miners,
canaries –
it was decided to make use of canaries. In Britain, they
kanarifugler
started using canaries in 1911. There were two canaries in
leak – lekkasje
every mine. If there was a gas leak, the birds would react
react – reagere
with distress. Then the miners had to get out of the mine as
distress – ubehag
58
quickly as possible. If there had been a fire or an explosion in a mine, mine rescuers would also enter the mine with a
fire – brann
canary in a cage or a box. If there was gas inside the mine,
redundant –
the bird would react with distress and the rescuers would
arbeidsløs
return outside.
detectors –
This practice lasted until 1986, when the canaries were made
detektorer,
redundant and replaced by handheld electronic detectors.
sensorer performed – her:
The Dickin Medal
utførte
The Dickin Medal is given to animals for enormous bravery, self-sacrifice, or extreme devotion to duty in the presence of the enemy. During and after World War II, from 1943 to 1949, fifty-four animals received the medal, including thirty-two pigeons, eighteen dogs and three horses
Activity What do you think of the job these canaries performed? What other birds are used in human service? What species of exotic birds do you know?
Workbook page 62
59
A dolphin doer doer – en som er handlekraftig
From: Ben13@wireless.com
diving-masks –
mumandad@wireless.com
dykkermasker
Existing news
huge – enormt number – antall all shapes and
Dear Mum and Dad,
sizes – alle former
You will never guess what happened today.
og størrelser
Granddad and I were out swimming at Mahia Beach, outside
whales – hvaler
Wellington. We have stayed here for the last three days.
disturb – forstyrre
Weather was great and we had our diving-masks and snorkels
failed – mislyktes
on. Snorkeling close to some stones, we saw huge numbers of fish in all shapes and sizes. After some time we snorkeled towards a sandbank, and suddenly out of nowhere came two huge whales. Granddad told me afterwards they were pygmy whales. There was a mother with her baby. They were amazing! We swam away, not to disturb them. When we got out of the water, we realised that the whales were in big trouble. Many people, including Granddad tried to help them get off the sandbank. Unfortunately, they all failed. It was very sad to watch the whales swim towards the sandbank over and over again.
60
After nearly giving up, a shadow came flying through the water. It was a dolphin! It swam between Granddad and the
lead – ledet
other people, and the whales. In some mystical way, it lead
channel – kanal
the two whales out into deeper water towards the channel.
shed some tears –
Everybody on the beach applauded the dolphin! It was quite a
felte noen tårer
moment. I think even Granddad shed some tears, but don’t tell
are leaving –
him I told you.
forlater
We are going back to the beach tomorrow. I hope we don’t
looking
have to save any whales again. Once is enough!
forward to – glede
On Wednesday, we are leaving for the South Island and
seg til
Christchurch. I am really looking forward to it. Lots of love, Ben
Dolphins
Compared to other animals, dolphins are believed to be very intelligent. Bottlenose dolphins are the
Activity
most common
Which island is Ben on?
and well-known
What can you do with a snorkel on?
type of dolphin.
Why do we use a diving mask when diving? What did Ben see when he was snorkeling? How were the whales in big trouble? In what way is this dolphin a ‘doer’?
Workbook page 63
61
What can I do for you? items – gjenstander handler –
An SAR (or a Search and Rescue) dog is trained to search for
hundefører
people or items by finding scents in the air or on the ground.
terrain – terreng
To become an SAR dog, the dog and the handler must put
praise – skryt, ros
in lots of hours of hard work. They practise in all kinds of
obedience weather and in all types of terrain. commands – lydighets-
Training
kommando ensures – sikrer
All dogs like to play and they learn through playing. When you train an SAR dog, the dog is having fun. Every time the dogs get it right, they get lots of praise. That is why they love practising. Hiding the dog’s special toy can be the start of a career as an SAR dog. The dog also needs to work on obedience commands, like when the handler says, “Stay”, the dog stays. Having control of the dog ensures the safety of the dog, the handler and the people involved in operations. Some commands are easy to succeed with. Others require a lot of advanced training. It can take from one to three years before a dog is good enough to be part of a rescue operation. Every day people lose many micro skin cells. Dogs can smell these micro cells when they look for missing people, for example. The SAR dogs ignore their own safety to follow commands. They really are courageous and self-sacrificing!
62
Mountain rescue search dogs operations – her: Each winter people are caught in avalanches on mountains
rednings-
all over the world. It is important to find these people as
operasjoner
soon as possible. Search and rescue dogs are much faster
succeed with –
and more efficient in their search than people are. They can
lykkes med
detect human scent under layers of snow. When they locate a
demand – krever
buried person, they will start barking and digging.
advanced training –
It is said that it takes about twenty men twenty hours to
krevende trening
search an area of 100x100 metres, while it takes a rescue dog
involved in –
only twenty minutes.
involvert i
If there are no bodies buried under the snow within an area,
avalanche – her:
they are also able to tell their handler.
snøskred efficient – effektiv detect – oppdage
layers of snow – lag med snø area – område
63
Service dogs attention – oppmerksomhet
Children are born with
throughout –
different needs. Some need
gjennom
more help and attention
seizure – anfall
throughout their lives than
alert – si fra om,
others. To support these kids,
gjøre oppmerk-
a service dog can be of great
som på
help. They are at the same
occur – hende, skje,
time both a personal assistant
oppstå
and a best friend. A dog is
secure – sikre
never in a bad mood, always
getting lost – bli
ready to perform its duty.
borte, forsvinne
A service dog can detect if a
destination –
child has an epileptic seizure
destinasjon, mål
and alert the child’s parents.
for turen
Seizures can occur in the daytime, but also during the night. Having the dog by the child’s side will make life more secure. A service dog can also be the one that stops a child from getting lost, or helps the child get safely to its destination. For children with diabetes, a service dog can help detect whether the blood sugar is too high or too low. And then the child can have their insulin to regulate the blood sugar.
64
breaks – pauser breather – pustepause, kort For children dependent on a
pause
wheelchair, a dog can help with fetching different items that the child needs, much like a personal assistant. Like any family dog, a service dog also needs breaks, so it is able to perform its much-needed duties. These dogs work hard every day. They therefore need a breather and long walks, and to come together with other dogs just to play and have fun.
Activity What does the word hero mean to you? What have you done, that can be said to be heroic? Search the newspapers and the Internet for animal heroes. Tell your classmates what you found.
Workbook page 64-65
65
Designed for duty experience – erfare, oppleve
Tracker dogs
endangered – utrydningstruet
Do you remember Josephine, who wanted to go to the
ivory tusks –
African savannah to experience real wildlife?
støttenner av
She might need to hurry up because many wild animals are
elfenben
endangered.
attempt – forsøk
The African elephant, for example, is hunted for its valuable
illegal hunt –
ivory tusks. In an attempt to stop the illegal hunt, the
ulovlig jakt
authorities in Kenya and Tanzania have started to use tracker
the authorities –
dogs to find the poachers.
myndighetene tracker dogs – sporhunder the poachers – tyvjegerne, krypskytterne
66
These dogs are able to interpret smells and follow them for hours. So how are they able to do it?
effort – forsøk
Dogs use one third of their brain to interpret smells.
interpret – tyde
Everything has an odour, and dogs are extremely good at at
odour – lukt
distinguishing one smell from another. A dog has between
distinguishing –
125 and 300 million odour cells, while a human only has 5
skille mellom
million. A dog can smell things that would be impossible for
human particles –
humans to detect. When the tracker dogs arrive at a crime
her: menneskelige
scene, they smell the human particles from the poachers.
spor
67
Sense of hearing enemy – fiende messages –
During World War II, dogs played an important role in the
beskjeder
military. They could hear the enemy before the soldiers
marine dogs –
did, and therefore alert them. They could also run between
hunder som
handlers with important messages.
er knyttet til
A German Shepherd, Caesar, who was a marine dog, was
sjøforsvaret
together with his handler on an island in the Pacific fighting
foxhole – revehi,
the Japanese.
her: skjulested
The handler and the dog were resting in a foxhole. While the
traces of blood –
handler slept, Caesar kept watch. Suddenly Caesar heard the
blodspor
attackers. To protect his handler from the enemy, he rushed
battalion’s
out of the foxhole. His handler woke up and called Caesar
command –
back. On his way back, he was shot three times and then
bataljonsjefen
disappeared. After the fight, the soldiers looked for Caesar. They found traces of blood and followed them to the battalion’s command.
68
battlefield – Caesar was operated on, and went back to his handler after
slagmark
some time. Even though Caesar was shot, his bravery had
capable of
made a difference to the soldiers in the battlefield.
hearing – i
Let us try to understand how well a dog’s hearing really is.
stand til å høre
Dogs are capable of hearing sounds no human ear can detect.
greater distances –
They are much better than we are at picking up sounds and
større avstander
they can hear from much greater distances than humans can.
measured – målt
We measure sound in Herz (Hz). Humans can hear up to
upright ears –
20,000 Hz, but some dogs can hear up to 70,000Hz. Some
spisse ører
dogs with upright ears will “catch” sound easier than a dog
folded or dropped
with folded or dropped ears. Dogs can also move their ears
e ars – foldede eller
towards the direction of the sound, humans cannot.
hengeører direction – retning
Activity What facts did you find the most interesting in this text, and why? What does it mean that something is illegal? What does to make a difference mean here?
Workbook page 66-67
69
Brave heroes reward – belønning
An award for heroes – the Carnegie Medal
thought – mente born – født
A hero should have a reward, thought Andrew Carnegie in
only – bare
1911. Carnegie was born in Scotland, and when he was only
fortune – formue
thirteen years old he travelled to America with a dream. He
steel – stål
made his fortune over there in the steel industry, and became
wealthy –
a wealthy man.
velstående, rik
Andrew Carnegie was a very generous man, and had given
generous – generøs,
away almost ninety per cent of his fortune to charities and
gavmild
foundations by the time of his death. Many foundations and
death – død
buildings are named after Andrew Carnegie. One of them is
foundations –
the Carnegie Hero Fund.
stiftelser buildings – bygninger
70
The Carnegie Hero Fund gives a medal to someone who heroically rescues a person, sometimes at the risk of their
heroically – på
own life. The Carnegie Hero Fund
heltemodig vis
exists in many countries, among them Norway.
camping trailer –
One of the Norwegian medalists from 2010 was
campingvogn
Hans Edgar Furujord. He rescued three children from a burning camping trailer.
Activity What does it take to be a hero? What heroic acts can people do? Suggest different situations when people can recue others. Do you know any heroes?
Quotation
“Heroes are ordinary people who make themselves extraordinary.” Gerard Way
Workbook page 68
71
announced –
Malala Yousafzai – a young hero
kunngjorde receive – motta
In October 2014, the Nobel Peace Prize Committee in Oslo
Nobel laureate –
announced that Malala Yousafzai was going to receive the
Nobelprisvinner
Nobel Peace Prize. She is the youngest Nobel Peace Prize laureate in history. She shares the prize with Kailash Satyarti from India.
Malala was born in 1997. She grew up in the Swat Valley
in Northern Pakistan. Her father is a teacher, and he ran a public school in the valley.
The Swat Valley has from time to time found itself in the
middle of a conflict between the Pakistani government and the Taliban. Beginning in 2009, Malala wrote a blog about her
72
life and about how important education for girls is. In her own country, not everyone agreed with her, and she made
education –
the Taliban1 very angry.
utdannelse
fighter – kriger
One day on her way home from school, the bus was
stopped and a Taliban fighter came inside. He asked: “Which
injured – skadet
one of you is Malala?” Then he started shooting. Malala was
airlifted – flydd
shot in the head. She was seriously injured. She was treated
(fraktet med fly)
at a military hospital in Peshawar. After that, she was airlifted
condemnation –
to England and was treated at Birmingham’s Queen Elizabeth
fordømmelse
Hospital.
campaign –
kampanje
Malala decided not to give up. She kept speaking out
for girls’ right to education. On her sixteenth birthday, she
ratification –
spoke at the UN. She said that all you need is “one pen, one
ratifisering
student, one teacher and one book”.
bill – lovforslag
Malala now lives in Birmingham in the UK with her
mother, her father and two younger brothers. She is a student with a normal life, but she also is head of her own foundation. The Malala Foundation works for the right to education for all children.
It says on the foundation website:
“Her assassination attempt received
Activity
worldwide
Why do you think Malala fights for education for girls?
condemnation and
Why do you think Malala wanted to write a blog?
protests across
If you were to write a blog, what would you write about?
Pakistan. Over
If you had the chance to speak at the UN what would your
2 million people
speech be about?
signed the Right
Workbook page 69-70
to Education campaign. The petition helped lead to the
1
The Taliban is a militant organisation in the North of Pakistan. It is a violent group. They called Malala “an enemy of Islam”. Malala is a Muslim herself.
ratification of Pakistan’s first right to education bill.” 73
Standing up for freedom take for granted – ta for gitt provided with – sørget for abolished – avskaffet
The right to freedom of thought and speech is something we should not take for granted. Rosa Parks (1913–2005) knew this. Her grandparents on her mother’s side had both been slaves2. Rosa had attended segregated schools3 from childhood. She had experienced having to walk to school for the first six school years, while white children were provided with bus transportation. After the Civil War4 (1861–1865) in the USA, slavery was abolished. However, that did not mean that slavery ended immediately. Slowly, but surely, the situation for slaves changed, mostly due to slaves who dared to speak up about slaves’ terrible situations.
2 3 4 5
74
A slave is a worker without rights. Segregated schools meant that white American and black American children had to attend different schools. The Civil War was the war between the Northern and Southern States in the USA. The Civil Rights Movement fought a nonviolent struggle to bring full civil rights and equality to all Americans.
In 1896, the Civil Rights Movement5 was founded, but it would take a great many years before African Americans
founded – grunnlagt
were to have the same rights as whites in the USA.
seamstress –
In 1955, black Americans were still not allowed to sit
syerske
wherever they wanted on the buses. One day, on her way
charged – tiltalt
home from the shirt factory in Montgomery, the black
boarded – steg
seamstress Rosa Parks chose not to follow the white driver’s
ombord
instruction. Let us read what happened.
released on bail –
On December 1st, 1955, Rosa was sitting on the bus on her way home from work. She was sitting in the last seat in the back of the bus. After a few stops there were no available seats left, and a white man was left standing. The bus driver told Rosa and the other African Americans to stand up and give their seat to the white person. The others did, but not Rosa. The driver then came up to Rosa and wanted to know if she was going to stand up, and she told him she was not. And he told her he would have to have her arrested. And she told him he may do that. And so he did.
sluppet fri mot kausjon fine – mulkt fee – gebyr, avgift equal rights – like rettigheter
Rosa Parks was arrested and charged, but later the same evening released on bail. On the day of the trial, which took thirty minutes, she was found guilty and had to pay a fine $ 10 and a court fee $ 4. As a reaction to this arrest, the people started to refuse to take the bus. This boycott lasted 381 days. For African Americans this was the start of The Modern Civil Rights Movement (1955 – 1968), which continued to fight for the equal rights for all American citizens.
Activity Why do you think Rosa refused to leave her seat and stand up? How do you think her background influenced her choice? Why do you think the white bus driver acted the way he did? Try to find out how much of a seamstress’ income $ 14 would
Workbook pages 71
have been in 1955. 75
Presentation My Hero Your hero is someone who has shown great courage and made a difference. It can be someone you know, like your parents, a friend, a neighbour or an animal. Take down key words: • Who is your hero? (name, age, sex, person or animal) • What makes him or her a hero? (activities, actions, attitude) • How or where did you learn about your hero? (in your family, neighbourhood, in the newspapers, on TV, radio or the Internet) • Has your hero received a reward or a prize? (what kind of) You can search newspapers, books or the Internet and pick a person you think qualifies as a hero. Use your key words or make a full
Model text:
My hero My hero is my grandfather, Walter Peterson. He is eighty-five years old. My family and I used to stay with my grandparents every summer. Their cottage was close to the sea and we had a small wooden boat. When I was eight years old, my sister and I took the boat without permission. We paddled around and had fun. The weather turned nasty, and before we knew it, we had drifted off and lost both oars. We had forgotten to bring safety-vests and we did not know where we were. The waves were getting larger, and we were very scared. In the meantime, Grandpa had discovered that the boat was gone. He alerted a neighbour, then he set out in a kayak to find us. When he finally found us, we were about to crash into a steep rock. Somehow, he managed to manoeuvre alongside our boat and take hold of the rope. By searching for us, he had risked his own life. In my view, that makes him a real hero.
outline, then explain about your hero. Try to learn the outline by heart, but read from it if you need to
You can include:
Remember to:
• a photo or a video of your hero
• keep eye contact • speak loud and clear • use a normal pace Answer questions 7676
Good luck with your presentation!
• a map • a statement from, or an interview with, your hero
Workbook page 72
Comic strip Draw and write a comic strip Comic strip In a comic strip you can use pictures and words together to tell a story or a joke. Comic strips can be funny, exciting and
You can choose to make a comic
sometimes educational.
strip using Gutsy as your superhero
In your comic strip you should include:
if you want. The characters in your story express
• a hero
themselves through body language,
• an exciting plot
facial expressions, speech bubbles
• a problem (what is the
and thought bubbles.
problem the hero has to solve?)
Workbook page 73
• a climax – the most exciting point in the story • the solution – how is the problem solved? Decide how many squares you will draw.
Title
Characters
Setting
Plot
Climax
Solution
The End
Introduction
Problem
7777