oqtomberi 2016
`#10
civicus
sarCevi
03 04 08 10 20 ხევის მომავალი 26 axalgazrduli pozicia quTaisidan 30 34 38 40 redaqtoris sveti
levan lorTqifaniZe
TviTmmarTvelobis eqsperimenti TamTa WrikiSvilis Targmani
evropuli qartia adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis Sesaxeb mariam facacia
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis umTavresi problemebi saqarTveloSi nika pirvelaSvili
" Cemo " - " s amoqalaqo industria saqarTveloSi
TamTa TxeliZe
Tamar suTiZe
kote leqvinaZe
mzekabani-skola, romelic municipalitetis gamococxlebaze zrunavs
diana saxeCiZe
naTela maswavlebeli lado gogolaZe
8 oqtomberi WapalaSi-
dakvirvebidan aRmoCenebamde TinaTin maRedani
03 | CIVICUS#10
redaqtoris sveti levan lorTqifaniZe
nomerSiibeWdebaTamTaTxeliZisSTambeWdavimimoxilva WiaTuris regionis Sesaxeb. yvelam icis vin iyo ronald reigani. yvela icnobs prezident reiganis moRvaweobis pirdapir Sedegebs. samwuxarod,aSS-ismeormoceprezidentismsgavsifigurebi xSirad usamarTlod Crdilaven maTze gacilebiT ufro Rirseul adamianebsa Tu politikosebs. albaT, Zalian cota Tqvenganma icis tip o' neilis Sesaxeb. albaT, TiTqmis arcerT Tqvengans ar gsmeniaT misi saxeli. o'neili reiganis mmarTvelobis periodSi opoziciaSi myofi demokratiuli partiis lideri iyo da saTaveSi edga aSS-is sakanonmdeblo organos. tip o' neils ekuTvnis gamonaTqvami: "yvela politika adgilobrivia ... federaluri da saerTaSoriso dRis wesrigis beds adgilobrivi politika unda gansazRvravdes." Cveni axali nomeri tip
o' neilis politikis
suliskveTebiTaa Sedgenili. Cven miviCnevT, rom Zalauflebisdecentralizacia,adgilobriviiniciativebis warmoCena da xelSewyoba, Tanabari regionaluri ganviTareba demokratias ufro srulyofils gaxdis. nomerSiSexvdebiTadgilobriviTviTmmarTvelobisada regionaluri ganviTarebis sakiTxis analizss sxvadasxva perspeqtividan. vaqveynebT iuristebisa da sociologebis mier daweril samecniero stilis niSnebis mqone teqstebs.
"sivikusma" Seagrova werilebi saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxidanac. SeiZleba zogierTi maTgani ucnaurad mogeCvenoT,magram,vfiqrobT,eswerilebiadgilobrivTa miswrafebebsadadamokidebulebebsodnavmaincgamoxataven. gansakuTrebulimadlobamindagadavuxadoTerjolel moswavles, daiana saxeCiZes, romelmac absoluturad uangarodSeasrulaJurnalisredaqtorisadaidealisti direqtoris, nineli gvenetaZis Txovna sakuTari skolis Sesaxeb mcire narkvevis momzadebis Taobaze. pirvelad Cveni Jurnalis istoriaSi xelic gvkres. ori Tvis win piroba miviReT Cveni ori megobrisagan. saqarTveloSi regionaluri ganviTarebis miznebisTvis mebrZolma adamianebma sityva mogvces da gviTxres, rom statiebs moamzadebdnen. samwuxarod, maT Cvens gverdiT dgomavermoaxerxes.albaT,obieqturimizezebichqondaT. isiniTavdauzogavadmSromelidapasuxismgeblobiTsavse moqalaqeebi arian. gTxovT, gansakuTrebuli yuradReba dauTmoT TinaTin maRedanissaarCevnoTavgadasavals.TikowarmoaCenserTerTperiferiulsaarCevnoubanzemimdinareprocesebsda bolnisisraionissofelSikenWisyrisdrosgamovlenil Taviseburebebs.
04 | CIVICUS#10
TviTmmarTvelobis eqsperimenti TamTa WrikiSvilis Targmani adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis sakiTxi
Teoriulad rom vimsjeloT, demokratia
erT-erTi centraluria demokratiuli
xalxis mmarTvelobaa, xalxis survilebs
saxelmwifosaTvis.
ki saukeTesod adgilobrivi mmarTvelebi
centraluri
xelisufleba uflebamosilebebis nawils
warmoaCenen.
gadascems regional warmomadgenlobas,
meores mxriv, Cndeba separatizmisa
raTa sazogadoebis problemebi adgilze,
da regionuli daumorCileblobis
adgilobrivma
TviTmmarTvelobam
safrTxe. Tuki Zalaufleba ryvnis,
moagvaros. erTi SexedviT, saxelmwifo,
absoluturi Zalaufleba ki ryvnis
romelic zRudavs TviTmmarTvelobas
absoluturad, SesaZlebelia absoluturma
da aZlierebs centrs, erTmniSvnelovnad
TviTmmarTvelobamac centrisgan daSoreba
despoturi da uflebebis SemzRudvelia.
da gancalkeveba gamoiwvios. warmovidginoT,
05 | CIVICUS#10
rom saxelmwifo aris erTi didi skola,
TviTmmarTvelobas misca. Tumca, maleve
saskolo klasebi ki qveyanaSi arsebuli
aRmoCnda, rom TviTmmarTveloba ar iyo is,
regionebi, romelTac TviTmmarTvelobis
rac srulad daakmayofilebda moswavleebs
ufleba aqvT.
da mmarTvelobis am stilma merve klaselebs
swored saskolo eqsperimenti Catarda
sirTuleebic ki Seuqmna.
saukunis win, 1902 wels aSS-is erT-erT
ramdenime dRis manZilze yvelaferi kargad
skolaSi da misi Sedegebi JurnalSi
midioda, magram mxolod imitom, rom idea
"dawyebiTi skolis maswavlebeli" (Elementary
da gegma axali iyo. mas Semdeg, rac siaxle
School Teacher, Vol. 3, N4, pp. 261-263) gamoqveynda.
moZvelda, eqsperimentis monawileebma
marTalia, eqsperimenti merve klasSi Catarda
daiviwyes sxvaTa uflebebze zrunvis saWiroeba
da moswavleebis TviTmmarTvelobis unaris
da situacia Zalian miuaxlovda anarqiul
ganviTarebaze iyo orientirebuli, Tumca arc
mdgomareobas. maswavlebelma bavSvebs
saxelmwifoebriv donezea urigo Sedegebis
auxsna, rom Tavisuflebis upativcemuloba
gaazreba da gamoyeneba. miT umetes, kargad Cans
yovelTvis Tavisuflebis dakargvasa da
ori gza, romelsac regioni SeiZleba gahyves:
despotizmis danergvas niSnavs. miuxedavad
centrTan erTad harmoniuli moqmedeba da
am gafrTxilebisa, situacia ar Secvlila.
Tavisufleba an monawileobis gareSe, sxvis
erT dRes, mecadineobis periodSi klasi
mier Seqmnili kanonebis damorCileba.
marto darCa. mcire xnis manZilze, bavSvebi
1902 wels gamoqveynebul statiaSi saskolo
simSvides inarCunebdnen, Tumca Semdeg jer
eqsperimentis ganviTarebis tendencia
erTma daiwyo saubari, Semdeg meorem da
Tanmimdevrulad
aRwerili.
sabolood, mdgomareoba erT did qaosSi
rogorc merve klasis erT-erTi moswavle
gadaizarda, romelic skolis direqtormac
gadmoscems, wlis dasawyisSi klass
ver daamSvida. man moswavleebs ganucxada,
gaesaubra maswavlebeli da SesTavaza, rom
rom rogorc gamoCnda, maTi ndoba ar
mmarTvelobis variantebidan SesaZlebeli
SeiZleboda da maswavleblis dabrunebamde,
iyo gamoyenebuliyo oTxi SesaZlebloba:
klasSi darCeboda.
anarqia, despotizmi, paternalizmi da
meore dilas, dafis yvelaze SesamCnev
TviTmmarTveloba.
adgilze aseTi warwera gaCnda:
klasSi gamarTuli diskusiis Semdeg
“adamianebi, romlebic Tavisuflebas ar
gairkva, rom gamoiricxa anarqia. saboloo
scemen pativs, unda daemorCilon kanons. merve
gadawyvetilebis misaRebad Catarda arCevnebi
klasma daamtkica, rom is TviTmmarTvelobas
da klasis absoluturma umravlesobam xma
ar imsaxurebs da Sesabamisad, gadainacvlebs
aris
06| CIVICUS#10
kanonis mmarTvelobis qveS. gadaiwereT da
ar vakontrolebT. maTTvis maswavleblebi
daemorCileT Semdeg kanonebs�.
iqnebian megobrebi da ara policielebi.
am warweras moyveboda gawerili wesebi, Tumca
Tavisufal moswavleebs eqnebaT arCevnebSi
samma kanonma gansakuTrebuli STabeWdileba
xmis micemis privilegia. saerTo jamSi, isini
moaxdina moswavleebze:
daemorCilebian konstitucias, romlis
"bolomde ar gendobiT arasdros. arafers
amoqmedebasac Tavadve daeTanxmebian".
gaakeTeb maswavleblis miTiTebis gareSe. Tqven
konstituciis TiToeuli furceli Tu
adgilebze darCebiT manam, sanam maswavlebeli
muxli ganixiles Tavisufalma moswavleebma.
ar gagiZRvebaT Semdegi auditoriisaken.
Tavisuflebis upiratesobebi aSkara iyo,
gakveTilis gamokiTxva iqneba ubralod
amitom dRiTidRe izrdeboda Tavisufal
gamokiTxva, diskusiebis gareSe. dReidan,
moswavleTa sia, vidre yvelam am siaSi ar
Tqveni instruqtorebi iqnebian ara
gadainacvla. am droisaTvis Tavisuflebas
maswavleblebi, aramed Tanamdebobis
ukve sxva Rirebuleba hqonda. yvela moswavle
pirebi, romelTac kanonis mier Zala eqnebaT
grZnobda, rom konstitucia yvelasTvis
miniWebuli.
iyo da cdilobda mis dacvas. daculi iyo
gadaiwereT TiToeuli kanoni iq, sadac mis
TiToeuli bavSvisa da jamSi yvelas uflebebi.
wakiTxvas drois nebismier momentSi SeZlebT.
rogorc eqsperimentis monawileebi
kiTxvebi ar miiReba. ubralod daemorCileT
acxadebdnen, aRwerili dReebis Semdeg
kanonebs."
maT gaiges Tavisuflebis, sxvisi uflebebis
am dRis Semdeg, moswavleebi klasidan
pativiscemisa da patiosnebis namdvili
klasSi ise dadiodnen, rogorc patimrebi.
mniSvneloba.
ramdenime xnis Semdeg warCinebulma
eqsperimentis
moswavleebma TavisufalTa kategoriaSi
warmovidginoT, rom skola saxelmwifoa,
gadainacvles, maTi sia ki dafaze gamoikra. sia
maswavleblebi da direqtori saxelmwifo
ganmartavda, rom am kategoriis moswavleebi
moxeleebi,
icxovrebdnen ufro Tavisuflebis,
sxvadasxva adgilorbivi erTeulis
vidre kanonis zemoqmedebis qveS. "sxvis
TviTmmarTvelobisa
mier Seqmnili kanonebis damorCilebis
sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebi. ra moxda
nacvlad,
moswavleebi
sruli Tavisuflebis miniWebis Semdeg?
daemorCilebian sakuTar principebsa da
situacia miuaxlovda anarqias. da ra
moralur Rirebulebebs. maT vendobiT da
moxda mas Semdeg, rac "TviTmmarTvelobis
Tavisufali
gacnobis
xolo
Semdegac
moswavleebi
da
zogadad,
warmomadgenlebma" gaiazres Tavisuflebisa
problemebs Tavad agvarebs, monawileobs
da TviTmmarTvelobis Rirebuleba?
saerTo keTildReobis SeqmnaSi da sxva
Tavisuflebas meti "pativismcemeli"da
erTeulebisaTvisac xelSemwyobia, situacia
mosurne gamouCnda, sxvis mier miRebuli
harmoniuls uaxlovdeba. simSvide da
kanonebis damorCileba ki aRaravis surda.
stabilurobaa rogorc regionis, ise
TviTmmarTvelobis arsi, skolis merxidan
nacionalur doneze.
saparlamento tribunamde erTia - ganago sakuTari Tavi da pativi sce sxvis uflebebs. saskolo eqsperimentis SemTxvevaSi, saboloo Sedegi aseTi dadga - konstituciam,
wyaro: An Experiment in Self Government
romelsac yvela eTanxmeboda, daicva yvelas
Author(s): An Eighth-Grade Class Source:
uflebebi da situacia daastabilura ara erTi
The Elementary School Teacher, Vol. 3,
da ori moswvalisaTvis, aramed yvelasTvis. es ki misaRebi da sasurveli iyo rogorc
No. 4 (Dec., 1902), pp. 261-263 Published
bavSvebisaTvis, ise skolis direqtorisa da
by: The University of Chicago Press Stable
maswavleblebisaTvis. asevea saxelmwifoSic.
URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/992955
rodesac adgilobrivi erTeuli sakuTar
08 | CIVICUS#10
evropuli qartia adgilobrivi TviTmarTvelobis Sesaxeb mariam facacia
evropuli
adgilobrivi
met loialobas iCenen uSualod im adgilis
TviTmmarTvelobis Sesaxeb evropis sabWom
mimarT, sadac cxovrebis did nawils atareben.
1985 wels miiRo. rogorc mis preambulaSia
aRniSnuli ganapirobebs maT CarTulobas
aRniSnuli qartiis Seqmna ganapiroba
adgilobrivi
sayovelTaod aRiarebulma moqalaqeTa
procesSi. adgilobriv xelisuflebaSi
uflebam monawileoba miiRon saxelmwifo
biurokwratiuli aparatis simcire ki
saqmeebis warmarTvaSi. am uflebis pirdapir
mosaxleobas saSualebas aZlevs mniSvnelovani
ganxorcielebis saukeTeso saSualebad,
gavlena moaxdinos mis gadawyvetilebebze,
organizaciis wevrma saxelmwifoebma,
rac Tavis mxriv zrdis ndobas am tipis
adgilobrivi TviTmarTvelobis organoebi
aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis mimarT da
miiCnes.
xels uwyobs Zlieri samoqalaqo sazogadoebis
qartiis
qartia
Tanaxmad
adgilobrivi
sirTuleebis
daZlevis
Camoyalibebas.
TviTmarTveloba "niSnavs xelisuflebis
am mokle, sul raRac 6 gverdianma qartiam,
adgilobrivi organoebis uflebasa
aRwera is saerTo evropuli principebi,
da SesaZleblobas, kanonis farglebSi
romlebic evropis kontinentze adgilobriv
moawesrigon da marTon sazogadoebrivi
xelisuflebaTa uflebebis qvakuTxedad iqca,
saqmeebis
maTi
gansazRvra adgilobrivi TviTmarTvelobis
pasuxismgeblobiTa da adgilobrivi
cneba, misi kompetenciis da amocanebis
mosaxlebis interesebis Sesabamisad".
sfero, pirobebi, romelTa mixedviTac
am saxis adgilobrivi warmomadgenlobebis
xdeba uflebamosilebaTa ganxorcieleba
mniSvnelobas ganapirobebs maTi lokaluri
adgilobriv doneze, zedamxedvelobisa da
xasiaTi da SedarebiT mcire masStabi. adamianebi
finansuri saxsrebis miRebis saSualebebi,
mniSvnelovani
wili
w 09 | CIVICUS#10
aRiara
adgilobrivi
organoebis
orive konvencias xels awers organizaciis
ufleba gaerTianebaze da xazi gausva maTi
ormocdaSvidive wevri saxelmwifo, rac xazs
samarTlebrivi dacvis sakiTxs. 2009 wels
usmavs konvenciaTa sayovelTao xasiaTsa da
evropis sabWos saparlamento asambleam mxari
mniSvnelobas, rogorc wevri-saxelmwifoebis,
dauWira qartiaze damatebiTi protokolis
aseve saerTaSoriso organizaciis doneze.
miRebis sakiTxs da am gziT aRiara TiToeuli
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis Sesaxeb
moqalaqis ufleba monawileoba miiRos
evropuli qartiis principebi aisaxa wevri
adgilobrivi xelisuflebis saqmianobaSi.
saxelmwifoebis didi nawilis konstituciebSi,
jeremi smiTis, evropis sabWos adgilobriv
rac erTmniSvnelovnad adasturebs am qveynebis
da regionul xelisuflebaTa kongresis
mzadyofnas decentralizaciis safuZvelze
yofili generaluri mdivnis, Tanaxmad
xeli Seuwyon axali evropuli realobis
qartiis miReba, meore msoflio omis
Seqmnas, romelic ukeT upasuxebs maTi
Semdeg dawyebuli im xangrZlivi procesis
mosaxleobis saWiroebebs.
kulminacia iyo, romelic miznad isaxavda
wevr saxelmwifoebSi, aRniSnuli qartiis
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis principebis
aRsrulebis process meTvalyureobs
Sesaxeb "naTeli, farTo, oficialuri"
evropis sabWos adgilobriv da regionul
SeTanxmebis miRwevas. misi azriT, qartias
xelisuflebaTa kongresi. am miznis misaRwevad
gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas sZens is faqti,
igi wevr saxelmwifoebSi mudmivad awyobs
rom is warmoadgebs evropis adgilobrivi
monitoringis vizitebs da waradgens
warmomadgenlobebis mier inicirebul
monitoringis angariSs. am angariSis
konvencias da ara maTze zemodan Tavs moxveul
safuZvelze miRebuli rekomendaciebi
oficalur dokuments. 1953 wels, swored,
savaldebuloa saxelmwifoebisTvis da
evropuli municipalitetebis sabWom miiRo
rogorc wesi, am qveynebSi ganxorcielebuli
municipalur TavisuflebaTa qartia, romelic
adgilobrivi xelisuflebis reformis
evropuli qartiis debulebaTa safuZvlad
mniSvnelovan nawils warmoadgens.
iqca.
aRniSnul qartias saqarTvelom 2002 wlis
aRsaniSnavia, rom evropis sabWos wevrobis
maisSi moawera xeli. dRes mimdinare
msurvel saxelmwifoebs mxolod or
TviTmmarTvelobis reforma swored
oficialur konvenciaze uwevT xelmowera,
evropuli qartiis principebsa da normebs
maTgan pirveli adamianis uflebaTa evropuli
efuZneba da maTi gaTvaliswinebiT miznad
konvenciaa, xolo meore - qartia adgilobrivi
isaxavs TviTmmarTvel organoTa uflebebis
TviTmmarTvelobis Sesaxeb. sainteresoa, rom
gazrdasa da mosaxleobis met CarTulobas.
10 | CIVICUS#10
demokratia
kanoni
adgilobr umTavresi p
arCevani
kodeqsi
saxelmwifo dacva
moqalaqe
kanoni
TviTmmarTveloba
moqmedeba
SesaZleblobebi
ekonomika
moqalaqeTa uflebebi
11 | CIVICUS#10
rivi TviTmmarTvelobis problemebi saqarTveloSi nika pirvelaSvili "TviTmmarTveloba ukeTesi wamalia
ekonomikuri Tavisufleba, socialuri da
xalxis yovelgvaris saWiroebisa. saca
samarTlebrivi saxelmwifo. am Canawers
unda dargaT, igi yvelgan xeirobs... yoveli
rom xorci Seesxas, bunebrivia, saWiroa
saxelmwifo, rigians weszed cotaT Tu
Sesabamisi demokratiuli institutebis
bevrad damdgari, nawil-nawilad aris
Seqmna da swored aseTi institutTagania
dayofili, rom movla da patronoba
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba. TviTmmarTvelobis amosavali,
advili iyos" "cxovreba da kanoni" (1877)
subsidiarobis principi mkafiod gansazRvravs,
rom
sajaro
1. adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis arsi
uflebamosilebebi, upiratesad, unda
da misi Camoyalibeba saqarTveloSi
ganaxorcielos xelisuflebam, romelic
yoveli samarTlebrivi norma met-
yvelaze axlos dgas moqalaqesTan. sxva
naklebad konstituciis dakonkretebas
xelisuflebisTvis uflebamosilebis
warmoadgens, aqedan gamomdinare, vfiqrob,
mikuTvneba unda ganxorcieldes
umjobesia sakiTxis ganxilva konstituciaze
uflebamosilebis bunebis, efeqtianobisa
dayrdnobiT daviwyo. saqarTvelos
da ekonomiurobis moTxovnebis
konstitucia preambulaSive gansazRvravs,
gaTvaliswinebiT . srulyofili
rom saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa uryevi
demokratiuli sazogadoebis SeqmnisaTvis
nebaa daamkvidron demokratiuli
sasicocxlo mniSvneloba aqvs gonivrul
sazogadoebrivi
farglebSi xelisuflebis rogorc
weswyobileba,
12| CIVICUS#10
adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis sakiTxebi" .
saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis sistemis
igive azri, mcireodeni cvlilebebiT,
decentralizacia, rac gulisxmobs
Cadebulia saqarTvelos konstituciis
TviTmmarTveli erTeulebisaTvis
me-2 muxlis me-4 punqtsa da adgilobrivi
uflebamosilebebisa da Sesabamisi
TviTmmarTvelobis evropuli qartiis
resursebis gadacemas, idealur SemTxvevaSi,
me-3 muxlis 1-l punqtSi.
moqalaqeTa uflebebi
horizontalur, ise vertikalur gamijvnas.
moqalaqe
TviTmmar
saqarTveloSi Tanamedrove formiT
soflis TiToeuli mcxovrebisaTvis -
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis
Rirseuli cxovrebis uflebis garantiaa,
Camoyalibebas ramdenime mniSvnelovani
meore mxriv, saxelmwifo xelisuflebis
movlena edo safuZvlad:
organoebis "yofiTi" problemebis
X
mogvarebisagan ganTavisuflebisa da
saqarTvelos parlamentma moaxdina
zogadsaxelmwifoebriv sakiTxebze
"adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis
koncentraciis saSualeba .
evropuli qartiis" ratificireba da
is, rom adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba moqalaqeTa
uflebebis
dacvazea
dacva 2004
wlis
26
saxelmwifo
erTi mxriv, calkeuli qalaqis, dabis,
oqtombers
daiwyo evropuli standartebis Sesabamisi TviTmmarTvelobis formirebis procesi;
orientirebuli da is, rom am institutis
X
2005 wlis 16 dekembers parlmentma
mTavar mamoZravebel birTvs isev da isev
miiRo saqarTvelos organuli kanoni
moqalaqeebi unda warmoadgendnen kargad
"adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis Sesaxeb";
Cans "adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis
X
kodeqsis" me-2 muxlis definiciaSi:
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis
"adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba aris
arCevnebis
TviTmmarTvel erTeulSi registrirebul
gamocxadebis dRidan, saqarTveloSi
saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa ufleba
amoqmedda
da SesaZlebloba, maT mier arCeuli
principze dafuZnebuli erTdoniani
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis
adgilobrivi xelisuflebis sistema,
organoebis meSveobiT, saqarTvelos
romelic, saboloo monacemebiT,
kanonmdeblobis safuZvelze gadawyviton
aerTianebs 76 TviTmmarTvel erTeuls:
kodeqsi ekonomika 2006
wlis
5
Sedegebis
oqtombris
saboloo
TviTmmarTvelobis
13 | CIVICUS#10
yofili raionebis , agreTve konfliqtur
evropul standartebTanaa miaxloebuli.
regionebSi arsebuli 4 TviTmmarTveli
amis safuZveli upirvelesad, ra Tqma unda,
Temis (aJaris Temi afxazeTSi, qurTis
am institutis Camoyalibebis etapebSi unda
moqmedeba
eredvisa da TiRvis Temebi yofili samxreT oseTis avtonomiuri olqis
rTveloba teritoriaze) bazaze da 12 TviTmmarTvel
qalaqs - Tbilisi, quTaisi, rusTavi, baTumi, foTi, ambrolauri, axalcixe, gori,
kanoni
zugdidi, Telavi, mcxeTa, ozurgeTi ; X
2010
wlis
15
oqtombris
sakonstitucio cvlilebiT saqarTvelos
demokratia
konstituciaSi gaCnda axali VII1 Tavi "adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba"; X
2014 wlis 5 Tebervals miRebul
SesaZleblobebi
arsebuli adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba
kanoni
64 municipalitets, romelic Seiqmna
veZeboT. saxelmwifos demokratiuli mowyobis
uzrunvelsayofad, aucilebelia igi "qvevidan zeviT" principze iyos agebuli . evropaSi TviTmmarTvelobebis Seqmna uzrunvelyo Tavad mosaxleobam. rodesac gaZlierda saqalaqo cxovrebis done da moqalaqeebma miaRwies samarTlebrivi, kulturuli da ekonomikuri ganviTarebis maRal safexurs, dainaxes, rom SeeZloT maT mierve arCeuli adgilobrivi xelisuflebis organoebis meSveobiT
"adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis
ufro efeqturad da saxelmwifosTvis
kodeqsi".
ufro
arCevani
iqna saqarTvelos organuli kanoni,
ekonomiurad,
maTTvis
"adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis
damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebebis
evropuli qartiis" ratificirebis
gaTvaliswinebiT emarTaT esa Tu is
Semdeg moxda sasargeblo da principuli
dasaxleba (qalaqi, daba da a.S.), vidre amas
normebis implementireba erovnul
moaxerxebda umaRlesi xelisufleba. es
kanonmdeblobaSi, TviTmmarTvelobis
"aRmoCena" Semdeg subsidiarobis principSi
institutebmac garkveulwilad SeiZines
gamoixata da wesad iqca, rom SedarebiT
datvirTva, daixvewa maTTan muSaobisa
maRali safexuris xelisuflebas ar unda
da
meTodebi,
daekisros im funqciebis ganxorcieleba,
xelisuflebisa da moqalaqeebis mxridan,
romelTa ganxorcieleba SedarebiT
Tumca ver vityviT, rom saqarTveloSi dRes
dabali safexuris xelisuflebas SeuZlia.
TanamSromlobis
14 | CIVICUS#10
ramdenime gadauWreli problema:
movlenebi saqarTveloSi da amaSi, ra Tqma
X
unda, lomis wili sabWoTa reJims miuZRvis.
sakanonmdeeblo baza;
sabWoTa reJimi, martivad rom vTqvaT, iyo
X
evropuli, demokratiul Rirebulebebze
resursi;
aRmocenebuli
X
mmarTvelobis,
ar
arsebobda
Sesabamisi
ar arsebobda Sesabamisi finansuri
profesionali
TviTmmarTveloba
sruliad sapirispirod ganviTarda
moq
kadrebis
nakleboba;
maSin, rodesac evropaSi mTavari
X
Rirebuleba iyo adamiani da mis irgvliv
done;
trialebda yvela sxva materialuri Tu
X
aramaterialuri faseuloba, sabWoTa
am yvelafris gaTvaliswinebiT 1992
kavSirSi aseTi iyo saxelmwifo.
wlidan saqarTveloSi moqmedebda
aq ar arsebobda kerZo sakuTreba,
adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis sistema,
konkurencia da is berketebi, rac adamians
rac adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobisagan
TviTrealizebis SesaZleblobas miscemda,
radikalurad gansxvavdeba. maSin, rodesac
xalxis masa, romelmac evropaSi Tavad
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis
Seqmna TviTmmarTveloba, sabWoTa kavSirSi
SemTxvevaSi xdeba warmomadgenlobiTi
aseT cnebas arc ki icnobda, misi azrovneba
d aRmasrulebeli organoebis pirveli
am mimarTulebiT ar viTardeboda. Tumca
pirebis, moqalaqeebis mier arCeva,
es ar niSnavs, rom calkeul pirovnebebs
adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis pirobebSi
amaze ar hqondaT nafiqri. maT icodnen,
xdeba am pirebis daniSvna centraluri
rom TviTmmarTveloba sasicocxlod
xelisuflebis mier. amas ki maTi
mniSvnelovani institutia qveynis
damoukideblobis xarisxi praqtikulad
ganviTarebisTvis, Sesabamisad, rodesac
nulamde dahyavs. es sistema ZalaSi iyo
saqarTvelom moipova damoukidebloba
1998 wlamde. 1998 wlidan 2006 wlamde
gaCnda aucilebloba TviTmmarTvelobis
saqarTveloSi moqmedebda adgilobrivi
Seqmnisa, raTa mmarTvelobis sistema
xelisuflebis Sereuli modeli, xolo
yofiliyo ufro efeqturi, magram iyo
2006 wlidan, moqmedebs Tanamedrove
moqmedeba
diametralurad gansxvavebuli movlena.
moqalaqeobis CarTulobis dabali
ekonomika
sax
dacva
kanoni
kanoni
strategiuli xedvis ararseboba;
15 | CIVICUS#10
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis sistema. rogorc vxedavT adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis
SemoReba
saqarTveloSi erTbaSad ar momxdara,
1.
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis
centraluri
xelisuflebisagan
damoukideblobis sakiTxi; 2.
moqalaqeTa
CarTuloba
qalaqeTa uflebebi
TviTmmarTvelobis funqcionirebaSi.
damoukideblobis mopovebidan ocdaxuTi
1.
weli gavida, rac samarTlebrivi
uflebamosileba saxelmwifosagan
demokratia
Tumca faqti erTia, saqarTvelos
moqalaqe
TviTmmarTveli
erTeulebis
kulturisa da Zlieri samoqalaqo
momdinareobs da, Sesabamisad, farTo
sazogadoebis CamoyalibebisaTvis ar
gagebiT, isini saxelmwifos ganuyofel
aRmoCnda sakmarisi. swored amitom is,
nawilad gvevlinebian. Tumca, miuxedavad
rac evropaSi moqalaqeebma Tavad Seqmnes
amisa, TviTmmarTveli erTeulebi
da miawodes saxelmwifos, saqarTveloSi
saxelmwifosagan
Seqmna kanonmdebelma da miawoda
damoukidebel da administraciuli
moqalaqeebs. es erTi mxriv gamarTlebuli
TvalsazrisiT
iyo, radgan SeuZlebelia Tanamedrove
warmonaqmnad ganixileba. administraciul
demokratiuli saxelmwifos warmodgena
avtonomiaSi moiazreba iurisdiqciuli,
TviTmmarTvelobis institutis gareSe,
samarTalSemoqmedebiTi, organizaciuli,
Tumca meore mxriv naadrevi da Sesabamisad
sakadro politikisa da finansuri
rTulad aRsaqmeli da gasaTavisebeli
avtonomia . TviTmmarTvelobis
aRmoCnda igi rigiTi moqalaqeebisaTvis.
avtonomiurobis sazRvrebi naTladaa
arCevani
kodeqsi
xelmwifo 2.
instituciurad
avtonomiur
SesaZleblobebi
gadmocemuli evropuli qartiis Tanamedrove
adgilobrivi
preambulaSic, qartiis Tanaxmad,
TviTmmarTvelobis problemuri aspeqtebi:
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba Tavis
axal-axali sakanonmdeblo aqtebis miRebisa
TavSi gulisxmobs xelisuflebis iseTi
da gatarebuli reformebis miuxedavad
adgilobrivi organoebis arsebobas,
dRevandeli TviTmmarTveloba kvlavac
romlebic uflebamosilni arian
stagnaciis etapzea. am kuTxiT ori mTavari
gadawyvetilebis miRebis uflebis
sakiTxia gansaxilveli:
mqone, demokratiuli gziT Seqmnili
16 | CIVICUS#10
aris saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis
farTo avtonomia maTi kompetenciis, am
Sesabamisad municipalitetis sakuTrebaSi
kompetenciis ganxorcielebisa da amisaTvis
arsebuli yvela nivTi da aramaterialuri
aucilebeli saxsrebis mxriv . imisaTvis
qonebrivi
rom evropuli qartiiT ganmtkicebuli
CamoTvlilia konkretuli qonebis
farTo avtonomia iyos saxeze, ramdenime
saxeebi, Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom am
piroba unda Sesruldes:
normebis miuxedavad, saqarTveloSi
1. unda moxdes TviTmmarTveli
tyisa da wylis resursebi saxelmwifo
erTeulebis im uflebamosilebebiT
da adgilobriv xelisuflebas Soris
adekvaturi da maqsimaluri datvirTva,
dResac gaumijnavia. amgvari gamijvnis
romlebic adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis
uzrunvelyofamde ki municipaliteti
sakiTxebs Seexeba. dasavleT evropis
moklebulia SesaZleblobas, Tavis
qveynebze rom aRaraferi vTqvaT,
sakuTrebaSi daaregistriros aRniSnuli
aRmosavleT evropis saxelmwifoebSic
bunebrivi resursebi da srulyofilad
ki (litva, ungreTi, poloneTi) magaliTad,
moaxdinos maTi realizeba.
dawyebiTi da saSualo ganaTleba,
3. municipalitets unda gaaCndes
pirveladi samedicino daxmareba,
Sesabamisi materialuri da finansuri
mosaxleobis socialuri uzrunvelyofa,
resursi mis kompetenciaSi Semavali
eleqtromomarageba, gazmomarageba aris
uflebamosilebis gansaxorcieleblad.
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis xelSi,
am mxriv problemuria is faqti, rom Tavad
maSin rodesac msgavsi sakiTxebis mogvareba
municipalitetebs ar ZaluZT gamoimuSaon
saqarTveloSi saxelmwifo organoebs
imdeni finansur-ekonomikuri resursi,
aqvT gadanawilebuli.
rac SesaZlebels gaxdis municipalitetis
2. mkafiod unda moxdes municipalitetebis
organoebis efeqtur funqcionirebas
kanoni
demokratia
Semdgom
ki
sax
moqalaqeTa uflebebi misi
moq
arCevani
sikeTe,
TviTmmarTveloba
organoebis mier, da romlebsac gaaCniaT
qonebis gansazRvra da misi gamijvna
da
uflebamosilebebis
saxelmwifoqonebisagan.ammizansemsaxureba
ganxorcielebas. amis gamo xdeba
kodeqsis 106-e da Semdgomi muxlebi. 106-e
municipalitetebisaTvis saxelmwifos
muxlis Tanaxmad municipalitetis qoneba
mxridan sxvadasxva saxis transferebis
17 | CIVICUS#10
ganxorcieleba da amis xarjze finansebis
adgilobriv xelisuflebaze, aseve imas,
mobilizeba. am SemTxvevaSi sakiTxavia,
Tu ra SemTxvevaSi SeuZlia saxelmwifo
ramdenadaa SesaZlebeli centraluri
xelisuflebis Sesabamis organoebs
xelisuflebisagan damoukideblobis
daadginon municipalitetisaTvis
SenarCuneba, rodesac praqtikulad
saxelmwifo standartebi da teqnikuri
wliuri Semosavlebis saSualod 80%-s
reglamentebi , Tumca, wesi yovelTvis
municipaliteti saxelmwifo biujetidan
zogadia, misgan gamomdinare qceva
iRebs. magaliTisaTvis, 2013-14 wlebis
ki konkretuli , Sesabamisad Cven
monacemebiT, senakis municipalitetis
unda vimsjeloT konkretuli qcevis
biujetSi 2013 wels mobilizebulma
Sefasebidan gamomdinare. adgilobrivi
Semosavlebma Seadgina 12235,0 aT. lari,
TviTmmarTvelobis zemoT CamoTvlili
maT Soris: sakuTarma Semosavlebma
problemebisa d misi realuri
Seadgina 2024,4 aT.lari, saxelmwifo
qmedebebis gaTvaliswinebiT ki, SeiZleba
biujetidan miRebul iqna transferebi
iTqvas, rom dReisaTvis saqarTveloSi
10210,6 aT.laris farglebSi, 2014 wels
municipalitetebi de faqto sargebloben
cxra Tvis monacemebiT dagegmili iyo
saxelmwifo
Semosulobebi sul 9742,804 aTasi lari,
avtonomiurobis sakmaod dabali
maT Soris: sakuTari Semosavlebi 1600,0
xarisxiT.
qmedeba
kanoni
moqalaqe
SesaZleblobebi
ekonomika
xelisuflebisagan
aTas lari; saxelmwifo biujetidan misaRebi transferi 8142,804 aTasi lari .
2. rac Seexeba moqalaqeebis CarTulobas,
de iure, organuli kanoni "adgilobrivi
Cven ukve avRniSneT rom adgilobrivi
dacva
kodeqsi
xelmwifo
TviTmmarTvelobis kodeqsi" ganasxvavebs
TviTmmarTvelobis
municipalitetis sakuTar da delegirebul
da
uflebamosilebebs, akeTebs eqskluziuri
municipalitetis mosaxleobaa, amitomacaa
uflebamosilebebis zust CamonaTvals,
rom organuli kanoni TviTmmarTvelobis
icnobs universalurobis princips da
ganxorcielebis upirveles principad
gansazRvravs saxelmwifo xelisuflebis
aRiarebs saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa
zedamxedvelobis
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis
farglebs
funqcionirebis
arsebobisa safuZveli
18 | CIVICUS#10
monawileobis
mosaxleobis
kanoni
ganxorcielebaSi
CarTulobas
uflebas . amave kanonis 85-e muxlis
TviTmmarTvelobis ganxorcielebaSi,
Tanaxmad: municipalitetis organoebi da
Tumca arsebobs ramdenime mniSvnelovani
municipalitetis organoebis Tanamdebobis
sakiTxi, romelic am normebis realizebas
moqalaqe
moqmedeba
TviTmmarTveloba pirebi valdebulni arian, adgilobrivi
seriozul safrTxes uqmnis da maT e.w.
TviTmmarTvelobis ganxorcielebaSi
"mkvdar normebad" aqcevs. pirveli, es
moqalaqeTa
aris am institutebis daniSnuleba da
saxelmwifo
monawileobis
uzrunvelsayofad Seqmnan organizaciuli
dacva
kanoni
xasiaTi, isini atareben ZiriTadad
da materialur-teqnikuri pirobebi
sarekomendacio da sakonsultacio
moqalaqeTa miRebis, moqalaqeebTan
xasiaTs, amis gamo, moqalaqeTa CarTuloba
Sexvedrebis, municipalitetis organoebis saqmianobaSi, maT Soris, kolegiuri sajaro
demokratia
da motivacia naklebia, vinaidan ar ician, maT mier momzadebul SeniSvnebsa da
monawileobisa da gadawyvetilebaTa
Sedegi Tu ubralod sakrebulos sxdomaze
miRebis procesis gamWvirvalobisaTvis.
iqneba ganxiluli da iqve daasrulebs
kodeqsSi aseve gawerilia adgilobrivi
arsebobas. meore problematuri sakiTxia
TviTmmarTvelobis ganxorcielebaSi
profesionali kadrebis nakleboba
kodeqsi ekonomika
SesaZleblobebi
winadadebebs realurad mohyveba raime
arCevani
dawesebulebis sxdomebSi, moqalaqeTa
moqalaqeTa monawileobis formebi:
sajaro samsaxurSi, gansakuTrebiT
a) dasaxlebis saerTo kreba; b) peticia;
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis
g) samoqalaqo mrCevelTa sabWo; d)
doneze, maT xSirad Tavad ar ician
municipalitetis sakrebulos da
mosaxleobasTan urTierTobis formebi
municipalitetis sakrebulos komisiis
da maTi movaleobebi amomrCevlis winaSe,
sxdomebSi monawileoba; e) municipalitetis
maSin rodesac Cvens, saxelmwifos mier
gamgeblis/meris da municipalitetis
"Seqmnil", adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobas
sakrebulos wevris mier gaweuli muSaobis
swored profesionali moxeleebi
Sesaxeb angariSebis mosmena.
unda xdidnen qmediT institutebad,
moqalaqeTa uflebebi erTi SexedviT es institutebi TiTqos srulyofilad
uzrunvelyofs
isini unda marTavdnen Sexvedrebs da mouwodebdnen mosaxleobas ufro meti
19 | CIVICUS#10
Camoyalibebula erTi xelis mosmiT.
inovaciuri ideebis warmodgenisaken, raTa
saqarTvelos problema is iyo, rom
ukeT gaecnon municipalitetis problemebs
mudmivi konfliqti Sida Tu gare mterTan
da Taviseburebebs, mis sargeblian mxareebs,
da maTi reJimis gavlena farTo masebs ar
TviTmmarTveloba
da aqtiuri CarTulobisaken, SeniSvnebisa Tu
aZlevda saSualebas efiqra aseT maRal,
normebs sicocxles da iyenebdnen maT
demokratiul Rirebulebebze, rogoric
praqtikul cxovrebaSi. sakanonmdeblo
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobaa. am
bazis daxvewis saWiroeba da profesionali
dargSi Sedegis misaRwevad saWiroa
kadrebis simcire aris nawilobriv mizezi
saerTo suliskveTeba, ufro konkretulad
imisa, rom mosaxleoba, ara Tu erTveba,
ki Semdegi kuTxiT muSaoba:
aramed WeSmariti TviTmmarTvelobis
1.
arss saerTod ar icnobs, ufro metic
Seqmna da konkurentuli arCevnebis Catareba,
magaliTad Cems mSobliur sofelSi
saxelmwifo da adgilobriv doneze;
mosaxleobis absoluturma umravlesobam
2.
ar icis, rom maT 5%-s aqvT dasaxlebis
sistema, profesionali kadrebis
saerTo krebis mowvevis inicirebis ufleba,
momzadeba;
isini sruliad ar icnoben dasaxlebis
3.
saerTo krebis an ,amave kodeqsis 86-e
uflebamosilebebis Sesabamisi finansuri
muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli, peticiis
da qonebrivi resursebis Tavmoyra;
instituts. Tumca, zemoT CamoTvlili
4.
mosaxleobis sizarmaces, moqalaqeobrivi pasuxismgeblobisaTvis Tavis aridebis
Zlieri politikuri partiebis
racionaluri sajaro samsaxuris
municipalitetebis
samoqalaqo cnobierebis amaRleba
arCevani
mosaxleobaSi da im meqanizmebis daxvewa, rac uzrunvelyofs maT CarTulobas TviTmmarTvelobis funqcionirebaSi.
yvelafris miuxedavad, Cven ar gvaqvs
kanoni
uimedobis ufleba. adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba arc evropaSi
saxelmwifo
dacva
cdas da ufro yofiT problemebze orientirebulobasac miuZRvis.
xelSi,
kodeqsi
mizezebis garda, amaSi Tavisi wvlili
demokratia
isini unda aniWebdnen kodeqsSi mocemul
20| CIVICUS#10
qveynebSi, sadac mimdnareobs demokratiis mSenebloba, xelisuflebisa da sazoadoebis kritikuli masisTvis prioritetul cnebebs
warmoadgenen,
C e m o "-" s a m o q a l a
"
moqalaqeTa
gaaqtiuroba, Tanamonawileoba, politikur
TamTa TxeliZe
qcevis waxaliseba. sajaro diskusiebSi, satelevizio eTerebSi, sakanonmdeblo organoebisa Tu sxva dawesebulebaTa
miniWeba. nawili ki istoriis periferebze
tribunebidan ismis mowodebebi moqalaqeTa
gadainacvlebs xolme. xSirad miviwyebuli,
gaaqtiurebis, politikaSi monawileobis
magram mniSvnelovani istoriebi momavlis
miRebis, xelisuflebis kontrolisa Tu
saxelmZRvanelod SeiZleba gamoviyenoT.
sxa saWiroebaTa Sesaxeb. aravin fiqrobs
rogor avaSenoT TanamonawileobiTi
imaze, rom xSirad es mowodebebi
demokratia ? amaze pasuxi mxolod bestseler
zogadi da bundovania. moqalaqes,
politikur naSromebSi kiara, sauTari qveynis
romelsac arasdros hqonia gamocdileba
arc Tu ise Soreul istoriaSi SeiZleba
monawileoba mieRo kritikuli azris
vipovoT. me Tqven giambobT istorias, romlis
artikulaciaSi, warmodgenac
ki ar aqvs,
mTavari personaJebi saqarTvelos aqturi
rogor gaxdes aqtiuri moqalaqe, rogor
moqalaqeebi arian. maSin roca msoflioSi
gamoxatos sakuTari mxardaWera qveynis
jer kidev avtoritruli saxelmwifoebi
ganviTarebis mimarT.
inawlebdnen politikur Zalauflebas, hqmnian istoriebi,
saqarTveloSi demokratiuli oazisi iwyebda
romlebic saogadoebis Zalisxevis Sedegs
aRmSeneblobas da amaSi monawileobas
warmoadgens. aseTi SemTxvevebi xSiri ar
mxolod politikuri xelisufleba kiara,
aris. maTi nawili legendebad gadaecema
zustad iseTi
Taobidan Taobebs, drosTan erTad
iRebdnen, rogorebic am istoriis mTavari
xdeba maTi romantizeba da maTTvis
peronaJebi arian.
qveynis warmatebas
"Sesasruleblad SeuZlebelis" iarliyis
Cveulebrivi moqalaqeebi
21 | CIVICUS#10
qo industria saqarTveloSi
mefis ruseTisagan gamoyofis Semdeg saqarTveloSi arsebuli madani did
1
saaqcio
sazogadoeba
WiaTuris
marganecmwarmoeblebi - warmomadgeneli
interess iwvevda. sasargeblo wiaRiseulis
sammarTvelos Tavjdomare nikoloz
dainteresebuli iyvnen iseTi qveynebic,
iakobis Ze nikolaZe da amave sazogadoebis
romlebic mZime industriis waroebaSi,
wevri andro levanis Ze qavtaraZe da iason
zeda
spiridonis Ze menabde
eSelonebSi
erTmaneTs.
ivane
epaeqrebodnen da
isidore
varaziSvilebis niko nokolaZisa da
2
sxvaTa TaosnobiT gadawyda Seqmniliyo
mmarTveli iakob ivanes Ze oganezovi
WiaTuris marganecmwarmoebeli saaqcio
3
sazogadoeba - "Cemo" .
saxli
oganezovebi"-
savaWro
firma
"Zmebi
sruluflebiani
saxli,
firma
"Zmebi
Cilingarianebi"- ... amxanagi korun
am gaerTianebaSi Sevidnen "firmebi", romlebic monawileobas iRebdnen madnis damuSavebaSi . mis pirvel Tavjdomared miiCneva isidore varaziSvili.
savaWro
1918
wlis 22 dekembers Catarebul aqcionerTa saerTo krebaze marTvis organos
simonis Ze Cilingariani
4
marganecmwarmoebeli - manuilis stefanes Ze manuilidisi
5
qristefore giorgis Ze monolopulo
wevrebad airCies : niko iakobis Ze
6
nikolaZe, ivane sofronis Ze varazaSvili,
Ze Todua
andrei levanis Ze qavTaraZe, aleqsandre aleqsandres Ze jayeli, iason spiridonis
7
Ze menabde.
salonikidi
am sazogadoebaSi Sedioda 14 savaWro
saaqcio
sazogadoeba
"kavkasiis
marganeci" - rwmunebuli evsevia daviTis
rwmunebuli nokoloz aleqsandres Ze simonovi - elefTeri ivanes Ze
firma, romlebic awarmoebda marganecs
8
WaTuraSi . es saaqcio sazogadoebebi iyvnen:
Ze salonikidi
amxanagoba firma " s. kiriazidi da k-o" s saxeliT rwmunebuli elefTer ivanes
22 | CIVICUS#10
9
rwmunebuli ivan ivanes Ze vandertalenisafernand deziroviC taburio
10
rwmunebuli firmisa "f. diupre da k-o" giorgi lukiCis Ze radoviCa-
marsel gomeris Ze romeri
11
kavkasiis rudniCnoi amxanagobis pasuxismgebeli da gamgebeli amxanagi
barnaba avvakumoviC papava
12
savaWro saxli "azvestopulo da zarokilli"- k.p zarokilli
13
rwmunebuli kavkasiis marganecis amxanagobisa arvaniTidi- luka antonis
Ze kastanaki
14
rwmunebuli forma"lui panase"nikoloz ivanes Ze votreni
sazogadoebam, saxelmwifos winaSe, miznad daisaxa marganecis eqsportze gatana saqarTvelos mTavrobasTan SeTanxmebuli wesebis mixedviT, amasTan erTad organizacia valdebuli iyo mieRo, WiaTuraSi moqmedi, yvela marganecmwarmoebeli firma, Tuki maT eqnebodaT saerTo wesebis mixedviT monawileobis survili . "Cemos" umTavres mizans warmoadgenda WaTuris ganviTareba. organizacias SemuSavebuli hqonda ganviTarebis gegma , romelic Setanili iyo mTavrobisaTvis dasamtkiceblad . samwuxarod, gasabWoebis Semde gegma ver ganxorcielda.
1919 wlis 2 agvistos saqarTvelos respublikis damfuZnebelma krebam miiRo kanoni monopoliis Sesaxeb, romlis mixedviTac Savi qvis (marganecis) gatanis ufleba saxelmwifos sazRvrebidan, eniWeboda saxelmwifos, es ufleba mTavrobam imave wlis 12 noembers xelSekrulebiT gadasca organizacia
23 | CIVICUS#10
fotos wyaro: http://marenulitzka.tumblr.com/
"Cemos".
ar SeiZleboda es ufleba gadacemoda
monopoliuri uflebis miniWebisTvis komitets
mieniWa
valdebuleba
sxva vinmes an ZaliT CamorTmeoda. sazogadoeba valdebuli iyo warmoedgina
respublikis sabaJoebidan marganecis
mTavrobisaTvis
mTeli
ucxouri
gadazidvis dros gadaexada mTavrobis
valuta, romelsac gamoimuSavebda, imis
sasargeblod Cveulebriv marganecis TiTo
gamoklebiT, rasac xarjavda gzaze , rac
wonaze (2) Silingi. aseve monopoliis
sWirdeba ucxoeTSi nivTebis SesaZenad,
ufleba gadaeca 20 wliT, ris mixedviTac
warmoebisTvis an ucxouri firmebis
20 | CIVICUS#9
mier romlebic sazogadoebis wevrebi
qviTrebi da wignebi.
ar iyvnen, aseeve, ucxoelebis saeqsporto
saqarTvelos gasabWoebis Semdeg, 1921
mogebis wili. saqarTvelos mTavrobas
wels saqarTvelos socialisturi sabWoTa
organizacia fuls uxdida qarTuli fulis
respublikis revoluciurma komitetma
kursis mixedviT.
WiaTuris Savi qvis saeqsporto sazogadoebas
mTavroba "Cemos" uxdida misi saeqsporto
gadasca mowmoba, romlis mixedviTac
operaciebis 25 %-s. interesebidan
"Cemos" kvlav
hqonda ufleba, axali
gamomdinare, organizaciis operaciebze
mTavrobis drosac hqonoda monopolia
Tvalyuris sadevneblad, mTavrobas
saqonlis gatanaze sazRvargareT. mxolod
sabWoSi hyavda Tavisi warmomadgeneli mas
revoluciurma komitetma Seitana garkveuli
ufleba eniWeboda enaxa yvela dokumenti,
cvlilebebi kanonSi.
25 | CIVICUS#10
axali kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, organizacia
valdebuli
gamoecxadebina likvidacia. 1921 wels
iyo
Sromis saxalxo komisariatis SeTavazebis
miemarTa sagareo vaWrobis saxalxo
Sedegad sazogadoeba miekuTvna WiaTuris
komisariatisaTvis finansTa da vaWroba
marganecis mtvirTavTa kavSirs. sabWoTa
mrewvelobis saministros magivrad.
mTavrobam is gadasca samarTavad "harimanis
mTavroba uflebas rTavda sazogadoebas
koncesias" , romlis xelSekrulebis
mopovebuli madani mTlianad an nawilobriv
erT - erTi Semdgeneli iyo isidore
gadaeca mTavrobis mier miTiTebul Savi
varaziSvili.
qvis momxmarebelze, sazogadoebas ufleba
axla 2016 welia, WiaTuras marto uwevs
hqonda uari Tqva am winadadebaze Tuki
brZola gadarCenisTvis, is ekologiuri
warmoadgenda dasabuTebul mosazrebas ,
kaastrofisa da SromiTi eqspluataciis
romlis mixedviTac aseTi mindobilobis
sarisko keras warmoadgens. qalaqi,
Sesruleba iqoniebda cud gavlenas
romelic erT dros mniSvnelovan
msoflio madnis gayidvis pirobebze.
industriul centri iyo, axla gaurkveveli
mTavrobis
uflebas
administraciuli erTeulis wodebas
anxorcielebs saqarTvelos sagareo
atarebs da ibrZvis qalaqis statusis
vaWrobis saxalxo komisariati Tavis
dasabrueblad. Zveli mniSvnelobis
warmomadgenlebis da agentebis saSualebiT,
aRdgena axla mxolod samoqalaqo
romelsac hqonda ufleba ganexila da
Tanamonawileobas SeuZlia. moqalaqeTa
daemtkicebina madnis TviTRirebulebis
axal gaerTianebas, romelsac mTeli qveynis
gamoangariSeba, aseve ukeTebda kontrols
samoqalaqo sazogadebis solidaroba
sazRvao fraxtis raodenobas, yovel
sWirdeba energiis mosakrebaT.
kontrolis
xarjTaRricxvis daniSnulebas da TviT xarjebs, sazRvargareT da saqarTveloSi gaweuls.
bibliografia
es ver gavige saerTod ra SuaSia.
1)dakarguli istoria, mexsiereba represirebuli
miuxedavad sakanonmdeblo doneze
qalebis Sesaxeb, sovlab Tbilisi 2012
miniWebuli uflebebisa , Seqmnili
2)saqarTvelos centraluri arqivi, isidore
politikuri mdgomareobis gamo "Cemos"
varazaSvilis piradi fondi, fondi360, an4 saqme 6
komiteti daiSala .droTa ganmavlobaSi
3)saqarTvelos centraluri arqivi, isidore
organizacia
varazaSvilis piradi fondi, fondi360, an4 saqme 4
iZulebuli
gaxda
ხევის Tamar suTiZe rodesac yazbegs vaxsenebT mxolod
regionebis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb" aRniSnul
ori ram warmogvdgeba Tvalwin:
kanonSi arcerTi cvlileba ar Sesula
ZviradRirebuli sastumros verandaze
axalgazrdebis xelSewyobis mimarTulebiT.
gadaRebuli samaxsovro fotoebi da mTebSi
mravali mizezi arsebobs Tu ratom xdeba
Cafluli samebis taZari.
axalgazrdebis nakadis gadineba maRalmTiani
Tumca, garda am sanaxaobisa kidev bevrma
raionebidan, iqneba es arasakmarisi pirobebi
ramem SeiZleba miipyros Tqveni yuradReba
ganviTarebisaTvis, ganaTlebis arcTu ise
yazbegis municipalitetSi, kerZod
maRali xarisxi, umaRlesi saswavleblebis
momavalma Taobam da
ar arseboba Tu sxva.
migraciis arcTu
es aris im
ise usafuZvlo SiSma.
mravali problembis mwire CamonaTvali
dResdReisobiT aravisTvis ucxo problemas
romelsac dResdReisobiT mTaSi mcxovrebi
ar warmoadgens axalgazrdebis migracia
axalgazrdebi awydebian, Tumca problemebze
maRalmTiani regionebidan.
saubari Sors wagviyvans. amitom minda
seriozuli demografiuli cvlilebebi
mogiyveT stefanwmindaSi ramdenime wlis
xdeba yazbegis raionSic, imis miuxedavad
win dawyebuli saqmis Sesaxeb , romelic
rom 2016 wlis 16 ivliss saqarTvelos
SesaZloa marTla gaxdes migraciis
parlamentma miiRo kanoni "maRalmTiani
problemis gadamwveti faqtori da
27 | CIVICUS#10
მომავალი erTgvari motivacia axalgazrdebisaTvis,
izrunebs Tavisi kuTxis ganviTarebisaTvis,
raTa maT gaagrZelon xevis momavali.
adgili, sadac SesaZlebeli iqneba
did qalaqebSi da gansakuTrebiT
miiRo saWiro ganaTleba
dedaqalaqSi
SexvdebiT
aqtivizmis ganviTarebis kuTxiT da a.S.
saerTo samuSao sivrceebs, sxvadasxva
am da sxva problemebis gadaWris
axalgazrdul platformas, axalgazrdul
mizniT
arasamTavrobo organizaciebs, romelTa
enTuziazmiT
meSevobiTac SegiZlia Sens garSemo
inteleqtualuri centri , romlis
arsebuli problemebi aqtualuri
mTavari amocana gaxldaT daba
gaxado, Tanamoazreni gaiCino da Semdgom
stefanwmindis
am problemis gadawyvetisTvis imuSao,
ganviTareba. erTi SexedviT es centri
ganaxorcielo sxvadasxva kulturul-
mxolod sityvierad aRwerda Tu
SemecnebiTi proeqti da Tavadac iyo
risi nakleboba arsebobda yazbegis
misi monawile. regionebSi gansxvavebuli
municipalitetSi, Semdgom, droTa
suraTi gvaqvs. iSviaTad Tu moiZebneba
ganmavlobaSi moxda saxelwodebaSi
axalgazrduli
damoukidebeli
Cadebuli ideis xorcSesxma. aRniSnuli
platforma, romelic moxaliseobrivad
procesi dRemde mimdinareobs. ufro
mravlad
samoqalaqo
ramdenime wlis win
didi
Seiqmna saswavlo-
inteleqtualuri
fotos wyaro: https://www.facebook.com/Khevismomavali/
martivad aRsaqmeli rom gavxado Cveni
oTxwliani swavleba. ciklSi CabmulTagan
mkiTxvelisaTvis erT magaliTs movixmob:
ukan dabrunebuls iSviaTad Tu SexvdebiT.
rodesac maRalmTiani regionis skolis
bevri fiqrisa da msjelobis Semdgom
moswavleebi aRweven damamTavrebel
stefanwmindaSi swored am problemis
klasebs TiTqmis yvela unariani ojaxi
mogvarebisTvis Seiqma es centri, romlis
cdilobs Svilis qalaqSi gamgzavrebas,
pirveli aqtivoba gaxldaT skolis
iwyeba momzadeba erTiani erovnuli
moswavleebis momzadeba damamTavrebel
gamocdebisaTvis, Semdgom universitetis
klasebSi erTiani erovnuli gamocdebisaTvis.
29| CIVICUS#10
kinoCvenebebisa da
folkloruli
RonisZiebebis mowyobas, raionis eqvsive skolis
moswavleebis
CarTulobas
sxvadasxva leqcia-seminarebSi, samoqalaqo TviTSegnebis amaRlebis mizniT. centrma daiwyo
permanentuli kinoCvenebebi,
Crdilebis Teatris speqtakli, gaCnda kompiuterebis ufaso kabineti, romelic sxvadasxva unaris SeZenaSi exmareba mTis mosaxleobas. nel-nela daiwyo moZraoba imisaTvis rom cnobadoba gazrdiliyo, nel-nela Seiqmna platforma, sadac axalgazrdebi ubralod Seikribebodnen da sakuTar garemocvaSi arsebuli problemebis gadawyvetis Sesaxeb isaubrebdnen. Tumca mxolod es rodia sakmarisi xevis momavlis SenarCunebisTvis. sakmaod didi adamianuri da finansuri resursia saWiro imisaTvis, rom mTa ar dacarieldes da Tavisi Zalian vSiSobdiT ramdenad CaerTvebodnen adamianebi, Tumca moswavleebis raodenobam es eWvebi gaaqarwyla.
warmoadgenda kulturuli mimarTulebiT axalgazrdebis meti moqmedeba da maTi ganviTareba, rac gulisxmobs - kulturuli wignis
centric da mTis mosaxleobac ganicdis. swored am fiqriT iwyeba yoveli dila -
amave centris erT-erT mamoZravebel ideas
saRamoebis,
funqcia ar dakargos. ris naklebobasac
prezentaciebis,
rogor SeiZleba am centris funqcionireba SevcvaloT imgvarad rom xevis momavali wbarSi ar gamoiqces.
30| CIVICUS#10
axalgazrduli pozicia quTaisi yovelTvis iyo politikuri
quTaisidan
centri. jer kidev 978 wlidan 1122 wlamde bagrat III-is periodSi quTaisi sataxto qalaqis wodebas inarCunebda
imave
kote leqvinaZe
epoqaSi qalaqma mniSvnelovnad icvala saxe, ganaxlda samefo sasaxle da cixe-
ver gadaiWra problemebi socialuri
galavani.
da infrastruqturuli mimarTulebiT.
1089 wels ki quTaisSi mefed ekurTxa daviT
aRmaSenebeli,
aRsaniSnavia, rom proeqtSi "SeakeTe Cemi
romelmac
quCa" monawile 4 qalaqs Soris, quTaisi
1106-1125 wlebSi quTaisTan axlos
erTaderTi qalaqi iyo moqalaqeT
aago gelaTis taZari da umaRlesi
mimarTvianobaze
saswavlebeli - akademia, romelic "meore
organoebis mxridan reagirebis
ierusalimad" iwodeboda. gelaTi mTeli
nulovani maCvenebliT. am problemebze
saqarTvelosTvis sibrZnisa da siwmindis
saubari Sors wagviyvans. marTalia dRes
kerad iqca.
quTaisi SeZlebisdagvarad cdilobs
2012 wlidan quTaisi isev ibrunebs statuss, parlamenti dRemde quTaisSia... ra Seicvala qalaqSi ? wraoden gasakviric ar unda iyos, saboolood, parlamentis arsebobam quTaisSi ver gaamarTla is molodinebi, rac am movlenis mimarT arsebobda. TiTqmis yvela amicana, rac TiToeul sferoSi daisaxa ver ganxorcielda.
municipaluri
nabijebi gadadgas ekonomikis, ekologiis,
31 | CIVICUS#10
jandacvis, kulturis, infrastruqturisa
dakarges,
da sxva sferoebis ganviTarebisken, Tumca
sakmarisi yuradReba ar eTmobodaT.
faqtia yvelaze mniSvnelovani roli
radgan
axalgazrdebs
quTaisSi aseve Tu
momravlda
qalaqis swraf tempSi asamoZraveblad,
arasamTavrobo
politikuri
mainc axalgazrdebs eniWebaT.
organizaciebi, ramac garkveuli
roca axalgazrdebis gansakuTrebul
roli iTamaSa axalgazrdebis aqtiuri
rolze viwyebT saubars, unda iTqvas, rom
cxovrebis wesis CamoyalibebaSi.
maTTvis aucilebelia gansakuTrebuli
marTalia ramdenime politikurma
pirobebis Seqmna. Ra wvlili miuZRvis
partiam gadawyvita axalgazrdebisTvis
am saqmeSi parlaments?
yuradReba daeTmoT, Tumca droTa
"informaciisa da ganviTarebis fondisa"da
axalgazrda
evropelebis erToblivi proeqtis
ganmavlobaSi aRmoCnda, rom es mxolod winaasaarCevno periods moicavda. asea Tu ise, samoqalaqo aqtivobebma,
saparlamento klinika miznad isaxavda
axalgazrdebisTvis
axalgazrdebisTvis
saintereso
da
praqtikuli
Teoriuli
ramdenime
sferos Camoyalibebam,
gamocdilebis
ideebisa da azrebis urTierTgacvlam,
miRebas parlamentis saqmianobasa da
aseve maTTvis odnav meti sivrcis Seqmnam
sakanonmdeblo procesebSimonawileobis
studentTa motivacia da aqtivoba gazarda,
TvalsazrisiT.
Tumca,
proeqtma
ramac quTaiss axali sicocxle SesZina.
srulyofilad
ver
gaamarTla,
rTuli ar aris imis mixvedra, rom
programaSi monawile ramdenime
axalgazrdebisTvis kide ufro didi
axalwveulma aRniSna, rom maT interesi
yuradRebis daTmobis SemTxvevaSi , maTi
32| CIVICUS#10
raodenoba gaizrdeba da kidev ufro
ojaxasac ukiduresad rTul situaciaSi
metad amoZravdeba qalaqi. yuradRebis
ayeneben, xSirad didi raodenobiT
daTmobaSi igulisxmeba zemoT xsenebuli
Tanxis wagebis dros gamouval
saWiro garemos Seqmna, maTi mozidva da
mdgomareobaSi myofni danaSaulsac
Sesabamisad qalaqze zrunvis survilis
Cadian,
amaRleba.
romlis gadaWris gzebi aucileblad
es samwuxaro realobaa,
quTaisidan xSiria inteleqtuali
unda moiZebnos. aseve arsebobs kidev
Zalis gadineba,Sesabamisi pirobebis
ramdenime problema, romelic unda
ararsebobis gamo,
iTqvas, gantvirTvisTvis aucilebeli
aseve xSirad
SevxdebiT im axalgazrdebs romlebis
saSualebebis
deficiti xSirad ar
finansuri probllemebis mizeziT ver
arsebobac gasaTvaliswinebelia,
axerxeben Sesabamisi ganaTlebis miRebas ,
quTaisSi axalgazrdebi yovelTvis
qalaqSii didia ludomaniiT anu azartul
gamoTqvamen pretenziebs am sakiTxTan
TamaSebze damokidebuli axalgazrdebis
dakavSirebiT.
ricxvi, es ukanaskneli problema yvelaze
axirebad ar unda Sefasdes . aseTi
rTuli aRmosafxvrelia, umetesad
TavSeyris adgilebis arseboba maT
am seniT "usaqmuri" axalgazrdebi
saWiro informaciis gacvlasa da
avaddebian, amiT isini sakuTar Tavs da
praqtikul gamocdilebebs SesZenT
pretenzia ki marto
33 | CIVICUS#10
sazogadoebasTan komunikaciis mxriv
da xSirad vxvdebi iseT dakompleqsebul
,aucilebelia gasarTobi centrebi ,
da SeboWil moswavleebs, romlebic
sportuli moednebis mowyoba, Ramis
metwilad stereotipulad azrovneben,
klubebi da a.S arseboba.
magaliTad maTi damokidebuleba
minda vaxseno erTi faqti, quTaisi saqarTveloSi
gamorCeulia
genderul Tanasworobaze , aseve sityvis
,
da gamoxatvis Tavisuflebaze Zalian
tradiciebis SenarCunebisa da dacvis
uxeSia , Sesabamisad uxeSi damokidebuleba
kuTxiT, xSirad ki es gansakuTrebuli
aqvT im studentebis mimarT romlebic
Tviseba,
damaxnijebuli formiT,
racionalurad azrovneben da es
did problemebs qmnis, vgulisxmob
ukanaskneli problema jansaR azrsac
stereotipebs , gansakuTrebiT didi
eqmneba. Cemi survili raTqmaunda
problemebia imereTis regionebSi. am
am naklovanebis aRmofxvraa, Tumca
mizezis gamo axalgazrdebis garkveuli
Zalian frTxilad, radgan kargad
raodenoba sakuTari Tavis realizebas
unda ganvasxvavoT stereotipebi da
ver axerxebs da Sesabamisad ganviTarebis
tradiciebi, roca yvelaferi naTlad
gzebi gaukvalavi rCeba, me vswavlob
warmoCindeba, swored maSin dadgeba
qalaq quTaisis universitetSi, maqvs
dro stereotipebis msxvrevis .
aseve kontaqtebi uamrav studentTan wereTlis saxelmwifo universitetidan
34 | CIVICUS#10
mzekabani skola, romelic municipalitetis gamococxlebaze zrunavs diana saxeCiZe X-klasis moswavle
yvela im moswavles, romelsac surs,
es aris SesaniSnavi saganmanaTleblo
cxovrebis asparezze momzadebuli gavides,
dawesebuleba, sadac dRemde uamrav
namdvilad sWirdeba iseT skolaSi swavla,
warmatebul moswavles uswavlia da sadac
sadac aZleven srulfasovan, praqtikul
saamayo momavali Taoba izrdeba.
codnas, sadac interesdebian misi
ukve meore welia, rac am skolaSi vswavlob
pirovnebiT, zrunaven masze da rac Zalian
da unda gamogitydeT, rom Zalian miyvars
mniSvnelovania, uyvarT is.
Cemi skola. es aris didi ojaxi, sadac yvela
samwuxarod, unda aRiniSnos, rom dRes
erTmaneTze zrunavs da yvela erTmaneTs
saqarTveloSi bevri araa aseTi skola, Tumca
udgas mxarSi. saswavlo wlis dawyebas aq
kerZo skola "mzekabani-2007" namdvilad
yvela, 132-ve moswavle didi sixaruliTa
gamonakliss warmoadgens.
da mondomebiT Sexvda. skolis erT-erTi
35 | CIVICUS#10
gamorCeuli Rirseba isaa, rom aq yvela
miaRwies: Cemi megobrebi imarjveben
moswavle acnobierebs ganaTlebisa da
saswavlo olimpiadebSi, aseve satelevizio
codnis mniSvnelobas TviTrealizebisa
proeqt "etalonSi". skolis debatklubi
da srulyofis saqmeSi.
dasavleT saqarTvelos Cempionia; Cven
swavlis siyvaruli ki maswavleblebma
vmonawileobT inteleqtklubis "ra? sad?
gvaswavles, romlebic dauRalavad muSaoben
rodis?" mier organizebul konkursSi
imisaTvis, rom momavals momzadebuli
"inteleqtis dRe". saamayoa is, rom skolis
Taoba daaxvedron. TiToeuli aq momuSave
inteleqtualTa gundi saqarTvelos vice-
pedagogi sakuTari saqmis arCveulebrivi
Cempioni, imereTis Cempioni da raionis
specialistia. isini erTnairad cdiloben
Svidgzis Cempionia.
Cven, moswavleebs, swavlis procesis
Cven xSirad vawyobT saskolo
Tanmxlebi sirTuleebi gadagvalaxvinon,
konferenciebs, Sidasaskolo sagnobriv
mogvcen srulfasovani ganaTleba da
konkursebs, kvireulebs. gvaqvs poeziis
dagvexmaron aucilebeli unar-Cvevebis
saRamoebi, karnavalebi,
ganviTarebaSi. am patara skolas didi
Sejibrebebi, rac Zalian sainteresos xdis
enTuziazmiT, mondomebiT marTavs
swavlis process.
araCveulebrivi adamiani - nineli gvenetaZe,
skola TanamSromlobs
sportuli
sxvadasxva
romelic gamorCeuli idealistia. mas
arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan da
regioni ar miutovebia, is aq darCa da
monawileobs maT mier gamocxadebul
dasavleT saqarTveloSi Cauyara safuZveli
sagranto konkursebSi da aqciebSi.
codnis axal keras.
gamarjvebuli proeqtebis: "jansaRi
swored am SesaniSnavma adamianebma - "mzekabani-2007-is" pedagogebma
garemo,jansaRi momavali" da "erTad jansaRi
da
uflebrivi garemosaTvis" farglebSi
moswavleebma Seqmnes is namdvilad
galamazda da keTilmoewyo skolis ezo,
saamayo istoria, romlis Sesaxebac axla
mezobeli sajaro skolis moswavleebTan
mogiTxrobT.
erTad Catarda gamokiTxvebi, Sexvedrebi,
kerZo skola "mzekabani-2007" 2007 wels
debatebi, konkursebi bavSTa uflebebis
daarsda TerjolaSi da mas Semdeg didi
Temaze, raionis centrSi moewyo msvleloba
popularobiT sargeblobs mTel raionSi.
"gaxdi ufro aqtiuri moqalaqe".
"mzekabans" bevri bednieri dRe axsovs, roca
Zalze saintereso partnioruli
misma moswavleebma arnaxul warmatebebs
urTierToba gvaqvs arasamTavrobo
36 | CIVICUS#10
organizaciasTan "quTaisis ganaTlebis,
gza, davdgiT miniSnebebi da baneri. Cvens mier
ganviTarebis da dasaqmebis centri". maT
gaweuli Sromis Sedegia is rom maCitauris
mier gamocxadebuli sagranto konkursSi
cixe ukve turistul marSrutSi CaerTo.
gaimarjva Cvenma proeqtma „biblioTeka wignierebis qvakuTxedi“ . piradad CemTvis Zalian saintereso
CvenTvis namdvilad saamayoa aSSSi tragikulad daRupuli qarTveli kadeti, soso makariZe, romlis xsovnis
iyo wina saswavlo wels gamarTuli ori
pativsacemadac
saklaso proeqti , romelic biologiis
maTematikur olimpiadas. amasTanave,
maswavleblis TaosnobiT Catarda. es
soso makariZis saxelobis skveris
proeqtebia : "1 dekemberi - SidsTan brZolis
mosawyobad
saerTaSoriso dRe", "daunis sindromi
, daxmarebisaTvis mivmarTeT
ganaCeni ar aris , anu 46=47"
municipalitets. ukve gamoiyo teritoria
moswavleebi aseve aqtiurada varT CarTuli saTemo problemebis gadaWraSi.
vatarebT raionul
sainiciativo jgufis wevrebma Terjolis
, ramdenime xanSi misi keTilmowyobac igegmeba.
Terjolis municipalitetis, sakrebulos
"mzekabani-2007-ma" bevri dasamaxsovrebeli
da sofel alisubnis teritoriuli
weli ganvlo. darwmunebuli var, rom is
erTeulis TanadgomiT gavasufTaveT sofel
darCenili wlebi, romlebic mzekabanSi unda
alisubanSi mdebare
gavataro, Zalian sasiamovno iqneba.
maCitauris cixis
teritoria, keTilmovawyveT misasvleli
37 | CIVICUS#10
38 | CIVICUS#10
naTela maswavlebeli lado gogolaZe
surami Zalian pataraa. aq yvela yvelas icnobs. naTela maswavlebelsac yvela icnobs, TviTonac cdilobs, rom yvelas icnobdes. naTela maswavlebeli 20 welze metia suramis mesame sajaro skolaSi istorias aswavlis. Zalian uyvars Tavis sagani, amas misi yvela moswavle grZnobs. istoriis pedagogi yvela skolas hyavs, magram "naTela maswavlebeli" erTgvari brendia, radgan mis naTqvams wyali ar gauva, misi naTqvami utyuari WeSmaritebaa. Cven, misma moswavleebma yovelTvis vicodiT, rom mudam gadamowmebul informacias gvawvdida da gveubneboda imas, rac simarTle iyo. naTela maswavleblis gakveTilze gavigeT, rom qali igive uflebiT sargeblobs, rogorc kaci, isic gavigeT rom homofobia yvelaze saSineli senia da homofobi adamiani verasodes Seqmnis iseT Zlier saxelmwifos,
39 | CIVICUS#10
rogoric Cven gvinda rom gqvondes.
erT-erT bavSvs, romelsac gadaadgileba
afxazeTis omis dros, erT-erTi
uWirda saxlSi vestumreT da adgilze
pirveli avida im matarebelSi, romelsac
gavumarTeT speqtakli... aseTi emociuri
qalTa organizacia "TeTri mandili"
mayurebeli msoflios arcerT Teatrs
afxazeTSi mihyavda. yovelTvis Tvlida,
ar eyoleboda, arc sxva taSi ar iqneboda
rom is iq unda idges, sadac Tavis qveyanas
aseTi gulwrfeli.
yvelaze metad uWirs. ase iyo 2008 welsac,
bednieri var, rom wilad mxvda 6 weli im
cdilobda rame mainc gaekeTebina suramSi
klasSi jdoma, sadac naTela maswavlebeli
Camosuli devnilebisaTvis. gaakeTa kidec,
Semodioda da Tan daviT aRmaSenebeli,
12 devnili sakuTar saxlSi ise acxovra,
jvarosnebi, aleqsandre makedoneli da
maT erTi wamiT ar ugrZvniaT, rom ucxo
sxva uamravi gmiri mohyveboda xolme.
ojaxSi iyvnen. rodesac vinme amas axsenebs
me dRes 29 wlis var da vici, rom
da aqebs, brazdeba, radgan aseTi saqcieli
SezRuduli SesaZlebloba ar arsebobs,
vadebulebad miaCnia, romelic yvelam unda
vici rom yvela eTnikur jgufs erTnairi
gaakeTos.
ufleba aqvs, isic vici, rom religiuri
maxsovs 2003 wels, arCevnebis dros naTela
Sexedulebis
maswavlebelma dagvrazma, adgilobriv
gamo adamianebis dayofa kategoriulad
stambas proklamaciebi daabeWdina
miuRebelia, isic vici, rom Cemi erTi xma
da suramis masStabiT dagvarigebina.
yvelaze mniSvnelovania da es yvela codna
qaRaldze mxolod erTi mowodeba
swored naTela maswavlebis damsaxurebaa.
iyo - aucileblad wadiT arCevnebze da
namdvilad ar vici kidev ramden bavSvs eqneba
gaakeTeT Tqveni arCevani. bevri adamiani
misi moswavleobis bedniereba, magram maT,
swored misi xaTriT mivida sakuTari xmis
visac gvqonda, mudam madlierebis grZnoba
dasafiqsireblad.
gveqneba, imisaTvis rom aTeuli wlebis win
maxsovs, skolaSi Teatraluri wre daarsa
imas gvaswavlida, rac dResac deficituria
- "budrugana", 3-4 TveSi erTxel axal-axal
saqarTveloSi.
speqtaklebs vdgamdiT da Semosuli TanxiT SSm pirebs vexmarebodiT xolme. erTxel
yvelafrisaTvis madloba naTela masw :)
8 oqtomberi WapalaSi
dakvirvebidan aRmoCenebamde
TinaTin maRedani
fotos wyaro: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/379498706081694878/
41 | CIVICUS#10
arCevnebze damkvirveblad yofna
damoukideblad gadawyvetilebis miRebis
arasdros mdomebia, radgan mosawyen
saSualebac ar aqvT. amomrCevlebi ubanze,
da arc ise saintereso procesad
umeteswilad, "marSutkebiT" modiodnen.
meCveneboda. Tumca, moxda ise, rom 8
transportirebas, didi albaTobiT,
oqtombers bolnisis sofel Wapalas
partiebi uzrunvelyofdnen da maTi
saarCevno ubanze aRmovCndi.
warmomadgenlebic saarCevno ubnis
ubani 8 saaTze gaixsna da gaxsnis wuTidanve
Soriaxlos trialebdnen, zogierTi
amomrCevlebis rigi dadga karTan. xmis
maTgani ki amomrCevlebs gareT gamokrul
swrafad micemis survili imdenad
siaSi sakuTari saxelis moZebnaSi
maRali iyo, rom nakadis momwesrigebels
exmareboda. 1-2-ma amomrCevelma xelis
xalxis Sekaveba uZneldeboda. aseTi
mowerac ver moaxerxa da mxolod
aqtivoba SuadRemde gagrZelda. SuadRis
pliusis dasmiT Semoifargla. erTma
Semdeg xalxis nakadi Semcirda. 8 saaTze
amomrCevelma biuletenze dasmuli
ubani daixura, daiwyo xmebis daTvla da
beWedi Semoxaza. ramdenimem ukan
zustad Ramis 2 saaTze Semajamebeli oqmiT
miawera biuletens sakuTari arCevani,
xeldamSvenebuli gavemarTe bolnisSi
zogma wertili dasva an wre Semoxaza
sxva moxalise damkvirveblebTan
kandidatebis saxelebis gaswvriv. iyo
Sesaxvedrad.
bevri gamouyenebeli biuleteni, rac, Cemi
swored wina abzacSi aRweril mosawyen
azriT, konkretulad im ubnis SemTxvevaSi,
situaciad warmomedgina damkvirveblis
xmis ar micemaze metad imaze miuTiTebda,
samuSao dRe, magram sinamdvileSi
rom amomrCevlebma ubralod ver gaiges
bevrad meti ram gavige, vidre ubralod
ra gaekeTebinaT.
kenWisyris procedurebis dacvis wesebia.
axalgazrdebic ki TiTqmis ver an Zalian
bevrisTvis albaT siaxle ar aris, rom
cudad saubroben qarTulad. Tumca,
eTnikuri umciresobebiT dasaxlebul
maT aSkarad aqvT survili, rom iyvnen
soflebSi ganaTlebis mxriv arc ise
qveyanaSi mimdinare procesebis monawile,
saxarbielo situaciaa, magram me piradad
rasac ganaTlebis dabali donis gamo
mxolod arCevnebis dRes momeca
sxva gzebiT naklebad axerxeben da
saSualeba adgilze gavcnobodi situacias.
CarTulobis erT-erTi xelmisavdomi gza
qalebis sakmaod didi nawili kabinaSi
maTTvis partiasTan identificirdeba.
qmrebTan erTad Sedioda. bevrma
swored amitom, Cems ubanze im axalgazrda
maTganma ar icias wera-kiTxva da
azerbaijanelebidan, vinc qarTulad
42| CIVICUS#10
saubrobda, umravlesoba an partiis
Cvens naWuWSi da Tu saarCevno periodSi
warmomadgeneli an am partiis "sateliti
garkveuli politikuri Zalebi eTnikuri
arasamTavroboebis" warmomadgenlebi
umciresobebis saTavisod da qveynis
iyvnen. ganaTlebis dabali done
sazianod gamoiyenebas Seecdebian,
SemaSfoTeblad zrdis maT politikur
mxolod am xalxs vabralebT da
iaraRad gamoyenebis albaTobas. es am
viZaxiT, rom "maTi saSveli aris"...
arCevnebmac daadastura.
diax, Zalian didi dro dasWirdeba
mesmis, rom eTnikurad qarTvelebiT
imas, rom aseT soflebSi situacia
dasaxlebul bevr sofelSic mwvaved dgas
Seicvalos, magram sanam maTken xels
ganaTlebis da sxva uamravi problema,
gaviSverT, iqneb jobdes, erTxel mainc
magram WapalaSi da sxva msgavs soflebSi es
Tundac damkvirveblad wavideT msgavs
problemebi kidev ufro TvalSisacemia.
regionebSi da iqneb dakvirvebis garda
qalaqad mcxovrebi axalgazrdebis
patar-patara aRmoCenebic gavakeToT. iqneb
did nawils albaT ar gvaqvs sakmarisi
azri SevicvaloT da aRar vifiqroT,
informacia imis Sesaxeb Tu ra xdeba
rom "eTnikuri umciresobebis integracia"
regionebSi. magaliTad, CemTvis gasakviri
ubralod gacveTili Temaa, iqneb meti
iyo isic, rom 21-e saukuneSi sapirfareSo
movTxovoT saxelmwifos da meti
skolis SenobaSi ki ara, ezoSi aqvT da
gavakeToT Cvenc... me piradad, sul megona
zamTarSi bavSvebs am sapirfareSoTi
rom Tavad eTnikuri umciresobebis
sargebloba uwevT. wyalic mxolod
warmomadgenlebs hqondaT integraciis
ezoSi moSorebiT modioda. rogorc
naklebi survili, Tumca im 19 saaTis
gavige, es mxolod am soflis problema
ganmavlobaSi, rac WapalaSi gavatare,
ar yofila. qarTvelma gogonam miTxra,
sapirispiro warmodgena Semeqmna.
rom mis sofelSic daaxloebiT igive
rac Seexeba konkretulad azerbaijanelebs,
situaciaa. es erTi SexedviT patara
Cemi azriT, sakmaod emociuri xalxi
problemaa, magram me arc ki warmomedgina
arian da ra emociebs gamoviwvevT maTSi, es
Tbilisidan 1 saaTis savalze msgavsi
Cvenze da saxelmwifozea damokidebuli.
situacia Tu iyo. netav xelisuflebis
mgonia, rom saqarTvelos winsvlaSi
warmomadgenlebma Tu ician am problemis
bevrad ufro aqtiurad da erTgulad
Sesaxeb?!
miiReben monawileobas, Tu amis saSualeba
mokled, 8 oqtombers kidev erTxel
eqnebaT. am procesis sworad warmarTvaSi
davrwmundi, rom Cven vcxovrobT Cven-
ganaTlebis garda Cveni gaxsniloba da
43 | CIVICUS#10
mzaobac aranakleb mniSvnelovania, radgan Tavad eTnikur umciresobebs qarTvelebTan urTierTobis sakmaod didi survili da mzaoba etyobodaT. es xalxi mosaxleobis 16,2%-s Seadgens da mxolod arCevnebis dRes ar unda iyvnen saqarTvelos momavlis SeqmnaSi aqtiurad CarTuli. erTi sityviT, 8 oqtombers cota gansxvavebuli
saqarTvelo
vnaxe,
romelzec sul odnav mainc metad vidardeb da roca saSualeba momecema odnav mainc metad vizruneb. iqneb bevrma Seicvalos azri da, rac mTavaria, qmedeba da ase nel-nela situacia gaumjobesdes. iqamde ki 2016 wlis 8 oqtombris xsenebaze arCevnebze metad is gamaxsendeba Tu rogor gauxarda azerbaijanel damkvirvebels, roca vuTxari, rom Zalian lamazia. cota xanSi movida da ufro gamopranWuli suraTebic manaxa, qorwilSi yofila seqtemberSi. amis Semdegac sul mzrunveli TvalebiT miyurebda. 8 oqtombers SeiZleba am qalis gaxarebaze kargi arc araferi gamikeTebia. hoda, arCevnebi, Cemi azriT, radikalurad bevrs verafers Secvlis. arsebuli situacia mxolod gulwrfeli mzrunvelobiT da saerTo enis gamonaxvis surviliT gaumjobesdeba.
samoqalaqo ganaTlebis leqtorTa asociacia www.cela.ge
am eleqtronuli Jurnalis gamocema SesaZlebeli gaxda amerikeli xalxis mxardaWeriT amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentos (USAID-is) meSveobiT proeqtis saarCevno procesebis gaZliereba (SEP) saqarTveloSi farglebSi, romelic xorcieldeba saarCevno sistemaTa saerTaSoriso fondis (IFES) mier. masalis Sinaarsi, SesaZloa, ar gamoxatavdes samoqalaqo ganaTlebis leqtorTa asociaciis (CELA), IFES-is, USAID-is an amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis mTavrobis Sexedulebebs.
civicus redaqtori | koreqtori: levan lorTqifaniZe proeqtis xelmZRvaneli: Tamar qaraia teqnikuri redaqtori | dizaini: TinaTin davaZe Jurnalze muSaobdnen: TamTa WrikiSvili mariam facacia nika pirvelaSvili TamTa TxeliZe Tamar suTiZe kote leqvinaZe diana saxeCiZe lado gogolaZe TinaTin maRedani
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civicus
#10 | oqtomberi 2016
www.cela.ge/ge/civicus