Civicus #11 by CELA

იანვარი 2017

`#11

civicus

sarCevi redaqtoris sveti levan lorTqifaniZe arCevnebis instituti;rirebulebebis transformaciis perspeqtividan

SoTa narsia

03 04

interviu manana SamiliSvilTan

Tamar CiTinaSvili transformaciebi literaturaSi

naTia botkoveli Cveni sacxovrebeli mxolod Cveni saxli araa- is qalaqicaa, sadac es saxli dgas da sxva SenobebTan, adamianebTan erTad Tanaarsebobs

TinaTin davaZEe qarTuli musikis transformacia anu ra moxda „rTveli 1999“-dan “JAM FEST“-mde

nino davaZe ,,liTl-rokis cxra’’ mzeona kaxniaSvili

10 14 18 22 26

transformacia demetre daTiaSvili "ღირებულებათა ტრანსფორმაცია საქართველოში" - 3 ese

28 32-43

03 | CIVICUS#11

redaqtoris sveti levan lorTqifaniZe

Cven didi gardaqmnebis epoqaSi gviwevs cxovreba. neoliberalizmi, islamuri fundamentalizmi, avtoritarizmi da xelaxlad aRzevebuli eTnonacionalizmi erTmaneTTan WidilSi cdiloben ocdameerTe saukunis politikuri ganviTarebis mimarTulebis gansazRvras. didi italieli moazrovne antonio gramSi amgvar periodebs SiSis momgvrelad STambeWdavi sityvebiT axasiaTebda: "Zveli mokvda, axali dabadebas cdilobs. axla monstrebis droa". Tumca, aqve SegviZlia gavixsenoT faqtobrivad pirveli Turqi qali politikosis, "mejlisis" erTerTi pirveli ritoris halide edif adivaris frazac: "rodesac Rame yvelaze bnelia, swored maSin iwyeba ganTiadic". maSasadame, Znelbedobis Jams SesaZleblobis fanjara axali Zalebisa da moZraobebisTvisac, winaaRmdegobebisTvisac ixsneba. vimedovnoT, rom transformaciis Semdeg samyaro monstrebis gzas ar daadgeba. gardaqmnis urTulesi uReltexilis daZlevas cdilobs saqarTveloc. msoflioSi mimdinare movlenaTa gavlenebis gaazrebis garda, Cven kavkasiis regionis Sida problemebis mogvarebac gviwevs, Cven regionSi Seqmnil gansxvavebul situaciasac unda SeveguoT. gegmiuri ekonomikidan sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvla, erTpartiuli reJimidan mravalpartiul sistemaze gadawyoba, avtoritarizmis demokratiismagvari wesrigiT Canacvlebis mcdeloba, socialuri keTildReobis elementaruli sistemis gareSe cxovrebis gagrZeleba urTulesi barieris gadalaxvasTan

unda iyos dakavSirebuli. vfiqrobdi, rom "sivikusis" avtorebi yuradRebas swored politikuri da ekonomikuri gardaqmnis Taviseburebebze gaamaxvilebdnen. samwuxarod Tu sasixarulod, maTma umravlesobam mTavari aqcenti musikis, saqalaqo arqiteqturis, literaturis transformaciaze dasva. bevrma kontributorma mniSvnelovnad miiCnia Taobebs Soris arsebuli gansxvavebebi da farnavazis epoqidan dRemde mimdinare kulturulistoriuli ganviTarebis procesebi. Cveni avtorebis arCevani metyvelebs imaze, rom Cvens sivrceSi sazogadoebis gardaqmnis yvelaze mniSvnelovan sferoebs saTanadod ar akvirdebian da ver aRiqvamen. magram mTavaria is, rom kulturul cvlilebebze mainc vfiqrobT, isini xom politikuri da ekonomikuri procesebis gamoZaxilsac warmoadgenen. Tavad erTi cnebis mimarT sazogadoebis damokidebulebis cvlilebaze minda mivapyro Tqveni yuradReba. pirvelad, rodesac vTqvi rom socialisti var, irgvliv siCumem daisadgura, adamianebma keTrovaniviT Semomxedes, viRacebma xmamaRali CurCuli daiwyes, gaukvirdaT da SeSfoTdnen. dRes ki Cemze xuTi wliT umcrosi studentebi rixiT, Zalian xmamaRla saubroben TavianT memarcxene politikur Rirebulebebze. amgvar studentebze dakvirveba aSkarad mianiSnebs erT SesaniSnav garemoebaze. Cven sabWoTa kavSiris dros Camoyalibebul stereotipebs vangrevT. vcdilobT, rom bolSevikuri damRa wavSaloT Cveni cnobierebidan. saqarTveloSi ukve dawyebulia procesi, rodesac politikur kategoriebze dasavleTis demokratiebis moqalaqeebis msgavsad vmsjelobT da Tavisufalni varT 70 wlis ganmavlobaSi Camoyalibebuli kompleqsebisgan. cxadia, recidivebi dResac arsebobs. cxadia, dResac gviSlian xels da ar gvacdian, rom sabWoTa moqalaqeebisgan gansxvavebulad vifiqroT. winaaRmdegoba didia, magram mTavari mainc ukve gadadgmuli pirveli nabijebia. gardaqmna gardauvalia.

04 | CIVICUS#11

arCevnebis instituti: Rirebulebebis transformaciis perspeqtividan SoTa narsia arCevnebi, rogorc politikuri instituti, warmoadgens socialur meqanizms, romelic qmnis dinamiur sistemas da warmomadgenelTa meSveobiT xalxis xelisuflebis ganxorcielebas uzrunvelyofs. arCevnebi xelisuflebis organoebis formirebis saSualebaa, rac amomrCevelTa ganwyobebis gamovleniT xorcieldeba. igi ayalibebs politikur elitas, xels uwyobs pirovnebis socializaciis processa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis arsis realizebas. arCevnebi xelisuflebis gakontrolebis saSualebacaa. saqarTveloSi pirveli demokratiuli arCevnebi 1919 wlis 14-16 Tebervals Catarda, rodesac damfuZnebeli kreba iqna arCeuli. sakanonmdeblo organo srulad proporciuli sistemis safuZvelze sayovelTao, Tanaswori, pirdapiri da faruli kenwisyriT airCa. 1921 wels qveynis okupaciis Semdeg

arCevnebis instituti mxolod formalurad ganagrZobda arsebobas da demokratiuli, Tavisufali arCevnebi TiTqmis 70 wlis ganmavlobaSi ar Catarebula. 1990 wlis 18 agvistos saqarTvelos sabWoTa socialisturi respublikis umaRlesma sabWom miiRo saqarTvelos ssr kanoni "saqarTvelos uzenaesi sabWos arCevnebis Sesaxeb", romelmac mravalpartiuli da arasabWouri arCevnebis Catareba gaxada SesaZlebeli. kanonis miRebas win uZRoda antisabWoTa mitingebi da demonstraciebi da 1990 wlis 20 ivniss saqarTvelos uzenaesi sabWos mier qveynis okupaciisa da aneqsiis Sedegad Seqmnili xelisuflebis organoebis gauqmebulad gamocxadeba. xangrZlivi wyvetis Semdeg, demokratiuli, mravalpartiuli arCevnebi 1990 wlis 28 oqtombers gaimarTa. mas "saqarTvelos respublikis uzenaesi

05 | CIVICUS#11

sabWos arCevnebi" ewoda. arCevnebi Sereuli saarCevno sistemiT Catarda. damoukideblobis aRdgenis Semdeg, 1991 wlis 31 marts gaimarTa adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis pirveli arCevnebi. imave wlis 26 maiss ki pirveli saprezidento arCevnebi Catarda. mas Semdeg saqarTveloSi tardeba prezidentis, parlamentis, avtonomiuri respublikis umaRlesi sabWosa da adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebi. 1990 wlidan dRemde saqarTveloSi Catarebulia 6 saprezidento, 9 saparlamento da 6 adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebi. aWaris avtonomiur respublikaSi gaimarTa umaRlesi sabWos 8 arCevnebi, afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis umaRlesi sabWos arCevnebis Catareba ki mxolod erTxel gaxda SesaZlebeli. saqarTveloSi 2 referendumic Catarda, 1991 wlis damoukideblobis aRdgenis referendumi da 2003 wlis referendumi, romelic parlamentis wevrTa raodenobis Semcirebas iTvaliswinebda. 2008 wels, saprezidento arCevnebis paralelurad, gaimarTa ori plebiscitic - saqarTvelos saparlamento arCevnebis TariRis dasadgeni plebisciti da saqarTvelos natoSi gawevrianebis plebisciti. 1991-1992 wlebis saxelmwifo gadatrialebis Semdeg, 1992 wlis Semodgomaze gaimarTa saparlamento arCevnebi. arCevnebze ar iyo dawesebuli barieri, ris Sedegadac arCevnebSi monawile yvela partiam SeZlo mandatebis mopoveba. 1995 wlis 5 noembers, saqarTvelos konstituciis miRebis Semdeg, erTdroulad

gaimarTa saparlamento da saprezidento arCevnebi. arCevnebi Sereuli sistemiT Catarda. 235 deputatidan 150 proporciuli, 85 ki maJoritaruli sistemiT airCeoda, romelTagan 12-s avtomaturad mieniWa uflebamosileba, rogorc afxazeTis raionebis maJoritar deputatebs, danarCen 73 maJoritarul olqSi ki mandatebi arCevnebis Sedegad ganawilda. proporciuli sistemiT partiebisaTvis saarCevno barierad 5% ganisazRvra. imave wesiT Catarda 1999 wlis saparlamento arCevnebi, erTis gamoklebiT, partiebisaTvis barieri 7%-mde gaizarda. 2003 wlis saparlamento arCevnebi imave wesiT Catarda, rogorc wina arCevnebi, Tumca arCevnebis Sedegebi uzenaesma sasamarTlom nawilobriv baTilad cno, rasac win uZRoda mosaxleobis masobrivi ukmayofilebis Sedegad ganxorcielebuli "vardebis revolucia" da prezident SevardnaZis gadadgoma. xelaxali arCevnebi 2004 wlis 28 marts gaimarTa, romlis Sedegadac ganawilda mandatebi proporciuli wesiT. 2003 wels saparlamento arCevnebis paralelurad gaimarTa referendumic, rac parlamentis Semadgenlobis 235-dan 150-mde Semcirebas iTvaliswinebda. amomrCevelTa umravlesobam sareferendumo kiTxvas dadebiTi pasuxi gasca. referendumis Sedegi 2008 wlidan amoqmedda. 21 maiss Catarebuli arCevnebis Sedegad mandatebi 75 proporciuli, 75 ki maJoritaruli sistemiT ganawilda. proporciuli sistemiT mandatebis misaRebad partiebisaTvis 5%-iani barieri dawesda. 2012 wlidan parlamentSi 73 mandati maJoritaruli, 77 ki proporciuli sistemis safuZvelze

06| CIVICUS#11

nawildeba. 2016 wlis saparlamento arCevnebamde, sakonstitucio sasamarTlos mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze, saarCevno kanonSi ganxorcielda mniSvnelovani cvlileba, romlis mixedviTac Seicvala erTmandatiani saarCevno olqebis sazRvrebi, raTa amomrCevelTa raodenoba olqebSi met-naklebad gaTanabrebuliyo. 50%-mde gaizarda maJoritari deputatobis kandidatebisaTvis dawesebuli barieric gamarjvebis mosapoveblad. politikur institutebze gavlenas axdens adamianebis cxovreba. swored isini gansazRvraven maT funqcionirebasa da xasiaTs. politikuri institutebis stabilurobisaTvis mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs moqalaqeTa ndoba. rodesac institutebis mimarT ndoba ecema, adgili aqvs institucionalur kriziss. amitomac mniSvnelovania, moqalaqeebs saarCevno procedurebis mimarT ndoba da arCevnebis samarTlianad Catarebis aRqma gaaCndeT. sabWoTa totalitarulma da avtoritarulma gamocdilebam saqarTveloSi arCevnebis institutis mimarT ndobis sisuste ganapiroba, rasac xeli Seuwyo damoukideblobis aRdgenis Semdgom wlebSi arCevnebis falsificirebis meTodebis gamoyenebam. Sedegad, arCevnebi xelisuflebis legitimaciis saSualebad iqna aRqmuli da ara politikuri cvlilebebis ganxorcielebis instrumentad. es damokidebuleba aisaxa xelisuflebis Zaladobrivi gziT SecvlaSi, erTxel 1991-1992 wlebis saxelmwifo gadatrialebis ganxorcielebiT, xolo meored 2003 wlis "vardebis revoluciiT"". saqarTveloSi arCevnebis institutis ganmtkicebas xeli SeuSala opoziciur partiebSi arCevnebis

mimarT ndobis dabalma donem. 2012 wlamde TiTqmis yvela arCevnebis Semdeg opozicia arCevnebis masobriv gayalbebaze saubrobda da mis Sedegebs ar aRiarebda. opoziciis mier gamarTuli aqciebisa da mitingebis absoluturi umravlesobis mTavari moTxovna prezidentis gadadgoma da riggareSe arCevnebis gamarTva iyo. saqarTveloSi xSirad imarTeboda riggareSe arCevnebic. arCevnebis konstituciurad gansazRvruli periodulobiT Catareba ki arCevnebis institutis gaZlierebis faqtorad SeiZleba ganvixiloT. arCevnebis mimarT maRali ndobisa da misi samarTlianobis aRqmisaTvis mniSvnelovania saarCevno kanonis stabiluroba. saqarTveloSi ki yoveli arCevnebis win saarCevno kodeqsSi mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi Sedis. bolo, 2016 wlis saparlamento arCevnebic Secvlili saarCevno kanonmdeblobiT Catarda, rac erTmandatiani maJoritaruli olqebis sazRvrebis cvlilebasa da maJoritari deputatobis kandidatebisaTvis gamarjvebisaTvis saWiro 30%-is 50%-mde gazrdaSi gamoixata. parlamentis 2020 wlis arCevnebisaTvis mosalodnelia saarCevno kanonmdeblobaSi cvlilebebis kidev erTxel Setana. politikur partiebs Soris gansakuTrebul interessa da diskusias iwvevs saarCevno sistemis ganxilva. mniSvnelovania, es procesi male dasruldes, raTa isev arCevnebamde ramdenime TviT adre ar moxdes mniSvnelovani cvlilebebis ganxorcieleba. saqarTveloSi arCevnebis institutisa da mis mimarT amomrCevelTa damokidebulebis transformaciisaTvis gadamwyveti roli 2012 wlis 1 oqtombris saparlamento arCevnebma

07| CIVICUS#11

Seasrula. 2012 wels saqarTveloSi arCevnebis Sedegad pirvelad Seicvala xelisufleba, riTac arCevnebis institutma Tavisi funqcia, rogorc xelisuflebis Secvlis instrumentma, warmatebiT ganaxorciela. xelisuflebis arCevnebis gziT Secvlam ganapiroba is, rom xelisuflebis cvlilebas yofili saxelisuflebo partiis TviTlikvidacia ar mohyolia. arCevnebis Sedegebma moqalaqeTa damokidebulebis mniSvnelovan transformaciasac Seuwyo xeli, rac arCevnebis institutis mimarT ndobis gazrdaSi, mis cvlilebebis ganxorcielebis instrumentad aRqmasa da arCevnebSi monawileobis mniSvnelobis TviTidentifikaciaSi gamoixata. saqarTveloSi amomrCevelTa mier arCevnebis institutisa da masSi monawileobis aRqmis Sesaxeb statistikurad mniSvnelovani daskvnebis gakeTebis saSualebas iZleva kavkasiis barometris mier socialur-ekonomikuri da politikuri damokidebulebebis Sesaxeb Catarebuli Sinameurneobebis

yovelwliuri kvleva. kavkasiis barometri yovelwliuri gamokiTxvaa, romelic 2004 wlidan tardeba samxreT kavkasiis qveynebSi. kvlevis monacemebze dayrdnobiT, mniSvnelovania, SevadaroT erTmaneTs amomrCevelTa damokidebulebebi 2012 wlis 1 oqtombris arCevnebamde da arCevnebis Semdeg. arCevnebamde periodSi kvlevis savele samuSaoebi Catarda 2011 wlis 10 oqtombridan imave wlis 10 noembramde. momdevno kvleva ki Catarda 2012 wlis saparlamento arCevnebis Semdeg, 26 oqtombridan 18 noembramde. kavkasiis barometri saqarTvelos 2011 wlis kvlevis mixedviT, kiTxvaze, ramdenad mniSvnelovania kargi moqalaqe monawileobas iRebdes arCevnebSi, 67% pasuxobda, rom Zalian mniSvnelovania; 2 %-is azriT ki saerTod ar iyo mniSvnelovani. 2012 wlis kvlevis Sedegebis mixedviT ki maTi ricxvi, vinc miiCnevda, rom arCevnebSi monawileobis miReba mniSvnelovania kargi moqalaqeobisaTvis, 80%-mde gaizarda.

diagrama N1. ramdenad mniSvnelovania kargi moqalaqe monawileobas iRebdes arCevnebSi? (%) wyaro: kavkasiis barometri saqarTvelo, 2011-2012

08 | CIVICUS#11

kiTxvaze, miiRebda Tu ara arCevnebSi monawileobas Semdeg kviras, 2011 wels gamokiTxulTa 67 % pasuxobda, rom aucileblad

miiRebda. 2012 wlis kvlevis Sedegebis mixedviT ki es ricxvi 79%-mde gaizarda.

diagrama N2. miiRebdiT Tu ara monawileobas arCevnebSi Semdeg kviras? (%) wyaro: kavkasiis barometri saqarTvelo, 2011-2012

2011 wlis kvlevis mixedviT, 2008 wlis 21 maisis saparlamento arCevnebs sruliad samarTlianad afasebs gamokiTxulTa 24%, nawilobriv samarTlianad - 30%, sruliad usamarTlod ki 10%, 36%ma ki ar icis an uars acxadebs kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemaze. amis Sesaxeb. 2012 wlis monacemebis mixedviT ki bolo saparlamento arCevnebis

Catarebis samarTlianobis aRqmis maCvenebeli ase gamoiyureba: 56% miiCnevs, rom bolo saparlamento arCevnebi sruliad samarTlianad Catarda, 32 % nawilobriv samarTlianad, mxolod 1% ki sruliad usamarTlod miiCnevs. 12% procentma ki "ar vici" an "uari pasuxze" daafiqsira.

diagrama N3. bolo saparlamento arCevnebis Catarebis samarTlianoba (%) wyaro: kavkasiis barometri saqarTvelo, 2011-2012

09 | CIVICUS#11

2012 wlis saparlamento arCevnebma mniSvnelovnad Secvala partiebis politikac. Tu manamde xSiri iyo aqciebis gamarTva xelmZRvaneli politikuri Tanamdebobebis mqone pirebis gadadgomis moTxovniT, mas Semdeg gaizarda partiebis mier Tematuri manifestaciebis gamarTvis SemTxvevebi. 2012 wlamde Tu politikuri partiebis nawili, araformlurad, uSvebda xelisuflebis revoluciis gziT Secvlis SesaZleblobasac, 1 oqtombris arCevnebis Semdeg politikuri partiebis umravlesobaSi xelisuflebis Secvlis erTaderT saSualebad arCevnebi ganixileba. mniSvnelovnad Semcirda partiebis mier arCevnebis arasamarTlianad Catarebis cnoba. arCevnebi demokratiuli tranziciisaTvis aucilebeli instrumentia. is minimaluri demokratiis mTavar pirobas warmoadgens. saqarTvelosTvis, romelic axali demokratiaa,

samarTliani da Tavisufali arCevnebis roli qveynis demokratiuli ganviTarebisaTvis Zalian mniSvnelovania. 2012 wels arCevnebis gziT xelisuflebis Secvlis Sedegad saqarTvelom minimaluri, saarCevno demokratiis mniSvnelovani kriteriumi daakmayofila, Tumca Ddemokratiis ganmtkicebisaTvis erT-erT pirobas, rogorc politikuri partiebis, ise amomrCevelTa mxridanac arCevnebis Sedegebis aRiareba warmoadgens. arCevnebis instituti ki saqarTveloSi jer kidev transformaciis procesSia, rac ganpirobebulia saarCevno sistemisa da mTlianad saarCevno samarTlis cvlilebiT, arCevnebis socialuri funqciis gaazrebiT, moqalaqeTa da politikuri partiebis damokidebulebis transformaciiT.

gamoyenebuli literatura saarCevno sistemebis ganviTarebis, reformebisa da swavlebis centri. (2015-2016). damxmare saxelmZRvanelo saqarTvelos umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis studentebisTvis. (gv. 5-7) macaberiZe, m. (2003). arCevnebi da sazogadoeba. arCevnebi rogorc politikuri instituti. Tbilisi: mecniereba. (gv. 145)

10 | CIVICUS#11

individis Rirebulebebi metwilad droiT, kulturiT da pirovnuli maxasiaTeblebiT aris gansazRvruli. socialuri, politikuri an ekonomikuri garemos Secvla, Cveulebriv, kiTxvis niSnis qveS ayenebs sazogadoebaSi arsebul Rirebulebebs da dasabams aZlevs maT Secvlas. bolo ori aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi saqarTveloSi mimdinare movlenebma mkveTrad Secvales rogorc politikuri, aseve socialurekonomikuri garemo. SeuZlebelia, am yvelafers mosaxleobaSi ar gamewvia Rirebulebebis cvla da Tu es asea, igi ufro gamokveTili axalgazrdebSi unda iyosTaobaSi, romelic gansxvavebul pirobebSi gaizarda. Rirebulebebs ganmartaven, rogorc sasurvel, Rrmad gamjdar standartebs, romlebic gansazRvravs momavals da amarTlebs warsul qmedebebs. sxvadasxva TaobaSi arsebuli Rirebulebebis kvleva TavisTavad mniSvnelovania, radgan gvaZlevs codnas konkretul sazogadoebaSi, konkretul istoriul konteqstSi Taobebis mamoZravebeli Zalis, Taobebs Soris gansxvavebebisa da msgavsebebis Sesaxeb. igi aseve mniSvnelovania imis gamo, rom iZleva sazogadoebis ganviTarebis SesaZlo traeqtoriis, konkretulad saqarTvelosaTvis ki misi demokratiulad ganviTarebis ganWvretis SesaZleblobas. TaobaTa Soris RirebulebaTa transformaciaze iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis profesori, qalbatoni manana SamiliSvili gvesaubreba.

Tamar CiTinaSvilis interviu profesor manana SamiliSvilTan:

"axali TaobisTvis patriotizmi qveynis msaxurebas, demokratiuli institutebisadmi loalobasa da kanonisadmi morCilebas gulisxmobs." _Tanamedrove periodSi TaobaTa Soris gansxvavebebis Tema sakmaod aqtualuria. sxvadasxva satelevizio Tu radiogadacemaSi xSirad saubroben aRniSnul sakiTxze. Tqveni azriT, ramdenad aSkaraa dRes Zvel da axal Taobas Soris gansxvavebebi? TaobaTa Soris gansxvavebebze saubari axali Temaa araa Cveni sazogadoebisTvis. Tanamedrove etapze, rodesac aqsiologiuri paradigmebis cvlilebaTa tendencia mZlavrobs, es gansxvavebebi metadre TvalsaCinoa.. isini niuansobrivicaa, konkretul viTarebasa Tu qmedebaSi gamoxatuli da aSkarac, rac, pirvel yovlisa, socialurkulturuli cvlilebebis konteqstSia gansaxilveli.. cxadia, e.w. ''mamaTa''Taoba, umeteswilad, warsulis inerciiT sazrdoobs da uWirs im Sesislxorcebul warmodgenebTan gamoTxoveba, romlebic, xSir SemTxvevaSi, xels uSlis axali qarTuli saxelmwifos Camoyalibebisa da demokratiul RirebulebaTa SeTvisebis process.. amavdroulad, ''SvilTa'' Taoba, mudmivad siaxlisken mswrafi, ver egueba am anaqronistul, retrogradul, zogjer ki qveynisTvis saziano pozicias da mkacri kritikiT gamodis maT winaaRmdeg. es kritika, xSir SemTxvevaSi, samarTlianicaa.

11 | CIVICUS#11

Tumca, aqve isic unda iTqvas, rom amgvari msjelobamainc zedapirulia da nebismieri jgufi SesaZloa aerTianebdes gansxvavebul, erTmaneTisgan daSoriSorebul Tvalsazrisebs. -konretulad, ra gansxvavebebia SesamCnevi da ra iwvevs maT? konkretul gansxvavebebs rac Seexeba, pirvel yovlisa, tradiciulisa da Tanamedroves urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi iwevs win - iqneba es Rrmad fesvgadgmuli, stereotipuli Sexedulebebi Tu zedapirulad gamoxatuli sxvaobebi.. ZiriTadad, winaRmdegobis Sinaarsi mainc ucvleli rCeba. ras vgulisxmob - Tuki ''mamaTa'' da ''SvilTa'' Soris arsebuli viTarebis Secvlis mizniT wamowyebul brZolas me-19 saukunis meore naxevarSi konservatiuli, paternalisturi azrovnebis gamomxatvel Zalebsa da liberaluri Sexedulebis liderTa Soris konfliqtis saxe hqonda, dResac TiTqosda msgavsi viTareba ikveTebaa. oRond,

cxadia, epoqis Sesabamisi moTxovnebisa da pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT. ase magaliTad, Tuki wina TaobebisTvis, romlebic sabWouri mentalitetis tyveobaSi imyofebodnen, patriotizmi aRiqmeboda rogorc sakuTaris sxvaze upiratesoba da metwilad, gulze mjiRis cemiTa da sadRegrZeloebiT iyo gacxadebuli, axali TaobisTvis patriotizmi qveynis msaxurebas, demokratiuli institutebisadmi loalobasa da kanonisadmi morCilebas gulisxmobs. dasamali araa, rom sabWour periodSi kanonis damrRvevTa mimarT erTgari simpaTiac igrZnoboda, rogorc erlom axvlediani SeniSnavda erTgan, kanonis gverdis avla niWieri damnaSavisTvis ''xelovneba'' da azarti iyo... magram, ufro aRmatebuli Rirebulebebi unda arsebobdes, rom mivceT Tavs kritikis ufleba. kritika aucilebelia, magram, Tu ar arsebobs RirebulebiTi konsensusi sazogadoebas, xelisuflebasa da medias

12| CIVICUS#11

Soris, igi SesaZloa, Semaferxebeli aRmoCndes da ara xelSemwyobi. saTqmels mediis diskursSi Tu gadavitanT, imgvari situaciis momswreni vxdebiT, rodesac mediasaSualebebis umetesoba mainc warsulis inerciiT moqmedebs, dRevandelobis moTxovnebs argebs am gamocdilebas da viRebT hibridul formebs, romelTac dasavlurisgan mkveTrad gansxvavebuli Sinaarsi aqvs.. -xSirad Taobebs Soris RirebulebaTa kuTxiT gansxvavebebi Ria Tu farul, Cum konfliqtSi gadaizrdeba xolme, rac TaobaTa Soris dapirispirebas iwvevs. axalgazrda da ufros Taobebs Soris gansxvavebebs da amiT gamowveul uTanxmoebebs xSirad Tanamedrove ''mamaTa da SvilTa brZolis'' saxeliT Seracxaven xolme. ramdenad eTaxnmebiT am azrs da ra mimarTulebiT SeiZleba davinaxoT msgavseba Tanamedrove da 1860-1880ian wlebSi mimdinare ''mamaTa da SvilTa brZolebs'' Soris? rodesac TaobaTa Soris Ria Tu Cum RirebulebiT konfliqtebze vsaubrobT, rogorc ukve vaxseneT, epoqis Tavisebureba unda gaviTvaliswinoT. ufrosi Taobis warmomadgenelTa mxridan gacxadebuli mwvave pozicia ZiriTadad swored liberalur RirebulebaTa (xelaxali) damkvidrebis mtkivneul process ukavSirdeba.. Tumca, aqve unda iTqvas, rom lokaluris SigniT mravali lokaluri arsebobs, romlebic erTmaneTsac SeiZleba ewinaaRmdegebodes da amasTan, calkeulic aRmoCndes konfliqtSi dominanturTan.. Tuki zogadad visaubrebT, demokratizaciis rTul da winaaRmdegobriv procesSi es damokidebulebebi bunebrivia da saerTodac damaxasiaTebelia daxSuli sazogadoebebis RirebulebiTi transformaciis procesisTvis. arc im skeptikosTa Tvalsazriss vemxrobi, vinc situacias unugeSod warmoaCens. msgavsi problemebi sxvaganac gvxvdeba da viTarebis dramatizeba, vfiqrob, saWiro araa. gavixsenoT Cveni warsuli da TaobaTa

Soris dapirispirebis klasikuri magaliTebi. ilia WavWavaZesa da mis Tanamoazreebs ''mamaTa'' Taobis mimarT ar darCeniaT Zvirad ''Sesamkobi'' epiTeti, rom ar gamoeyenebinaT, magram, miuxedavad am Seuriugebeli brZolisa, arasdros uaruyviaT winamorbedTa damsaxurebebi, maTi SemoqmedebiTi Rvawli da mniSvneloba qarTuli saazrovno sivrcisTvis. naTqvamis dasturad, Tundac ilias SesaniSnavi sityvebi ikmarebda, romlebic man ''xarabuza generals'' , grigol orbelians dakrZalvisas uTxra da misi poeturi Semoqmedebis udides mniSvnelobas gausva xazi! mogvianebiT, ''mesamedaselTagan'' aTvalwunebuli ilia erovnulis da klasobrivis dapirispirebis vrcel bataliebSi CaerTo da Tavad aRmoCnda axalTaobis nihilizmis, urapatriotizmisa da xelovnurad Tavsmoxveuli idealebis msxverpli! Tumca, mogvianebiT, momswreni gavxdiT social-demokratTa didi ''feriscvalebisa''. saqarTvelo msoflioSi pirveli saxelmwifo aRmoCnda, romlis saTaveSi social-demokratebi movidnen. aqve gavixseneb social-demokratTa erT-erTi warmomadgenlis, vlasa mgelaZis, Zalze emociur ambavs. 26 maiss, damoukideblobis gamocxadebis dRes, vlasa mamadaviTze asula..ase uTqvams: ''mamadaviTis eklesiaze zars vrekavdi: ilia WavWavaZes, akaki wereTels, dimitri yifians Tavisufleba mivuloce''. am amaRelvebel faqtze dawers SemdgomSi grigol robaqiZe (sxvaTa Soris, socialdemokratTagan arcTu gulmxurvaled miRebuli): ''me ar meguleba arc erT universalur eposSi mamuliSviluri aqti, egzom ayvanili miTiur simaRlemde''.. es SemTxveva TvalnaTeli nimuSia imisa, rogor aRweven Tanxmobas ideologiurad yvelaze dapirispirebuli Zalebic ki, rodesac saqme samSoblos awmyos, mis momavalsa da keTildReobas exeba! aq moyvanili da msgavsi SemTxvevebi unda iyos samagaliTo, rodesac gansxvavebulTa Tanaxmierobaze vsaubrobT - ara sruli

13 | CIVICUS#11

negacia, kriWaSi dgoma da uaryofa, aramed gonivruli kompromisi da RirebulebiTi erTsulovneba! es gaxlavT gamosavali. cxadia, arian jgufebi, romelTa msoflaRqma kategoriulad miuRebelia da ZirSive ewinaaRmdegeba Cveni qveynis sazogadoebriv - politikuri ganviTarebis mTavar kredos, rac evropeizebis (an xelaxali evropeizebis) ideaSi cxaddeba. -Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis studentebis magaliTze dayrdnobiT, axalgazrda Taobis ra ZiriTadad maxasiaTeblebs gamoyofdiT? ra mogwonT da ra ar mogwonT axalgazrda Taobebis Rirebulebebsa da miswrafebebSi? isini arian erTsulovanni, ''erTxmad mRerian'' Tu maT Sorisac SeiniSneba gansxvavebebi? kmayofilebiT minda vTqva, rom Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis studentebi Tvisebrivad gansxvavdebian TavianTi winamorbedebisgan TavisuflebismoyvareobiT, principulobiT, SeupovrobiT (yovel SemTxvevaSi, socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakultetis magaliTze amis Tqma namdvilad SeiZleba). da rac yvelaze sasixaruloa, ''erT xmaze momReralTa'' dro ukve dasrulda!! es avbediTi da mtkivneuli gamocdileba, samwuxarod, ara mxolod sabWours, aramed Cvens uaxles warsulsac ukavSirdeba da masTanamedrove studentobam (misma didma nawilma) zusti da adekvaturi Sefaseba misca. dRes universitetSi arsebul TvalsazrisTa, poziciaTa mravalgvaroba qmnis im pluralur garemos, riTacmxolod unda viamayoT. es ar niSnavs, rom yvelaferi kargadaa da problemebi ar arsebobs. xSirad mowmeni vxdebiT konceptualuri Widilis araeTikur, zogjer ki Zalismier formebSi gadazrdisa, rac mxolod zianis momtania.. universitetSi Cemi saqmianobis arcTu mcire drois manZilzeuamrav axalgazrdasTan mqonia urTieroba da, miuxedavad asakobrivi sxvaobisa, arasdros gamCeniamaTTan problemebi. es ar

niSnavs, rom yovelTvis Tanaxmierni viyaviT, ubralod, azrTa daSoriSorebuloba (zogjer radikaluric) mxolod urTierTpativiscemaze iyo dafuZnebuli. da Tuki am axalgazrdebis pirobiT klasifikacias Tu jgufebad warmodgenas SevecdebiT, arsebuli situaciidan gamomdinare, amgvar suraTs miviRebT: ''Zalze skeptikurni'', ''saRad ganmsjelni'', ''fexis xmas ayolilni'', ''sxvis dakrulze mrokavni'', ''indiferentulni'', ''Casafrebulni'' da ''koniunqturulebi''principSi, es ''sxvaobebi'' mTlianad Cvens sazogadoebas axasiaTebs, romlis minimodeli da anareklicaa sauniversiteto sivrce, cxadia, garkveuli specifikuri gansxvavebebiT. -da bolos, ras urCevdiT mamaTa da SvilTa Taobebs? rogori urTierTobebis damyarebas isurvebdiT maT Soris? ra gzebs xedavT amis misaRwevad? TaobaTa Soris dapirispirebis problemebze zeviT ukve visaubre.. visurvebdi, ufro metad mimtevebelni, sulgrZelni vyofiliyaviT erTmaneTis mimarT. imediT Sevyureb axalTaobas, romelsac safuZvliani cvlilebebi surs, ukeTesisken iswrafvis, ar uSindeba sirTuleebs da axlis damkvidrebas cdilobs.. magram, am brZolaSi winaRobebis daZlevisas ar unda daviviwyoT is mdidari da unikaluri gamocdileba, romelic demokratiul RirebulebaTa aTvisebis xangrZliv gzaze davagroveT da rac saukeTesodaa gacxadebuli Cvens literaturul, publicistur Tu zepirsityvierebiT teqstebSi, didebul winaparTa naRvawSi. mexsierebis wreta, mxolod gabatonebulisadmi Tayvaniscema da qedis moxra, sakuTaris gauTvaliswineblad sxvisi gafetiSeba kargs arafers mogvitans, mxolod nihilizms Tu gaaZlierebs..dRes unikaluri Sansi gvaqvs,xorci SevasxaT winaparTa ocnebas - gavxdeT erTiani evropuli ojaxis wevri.es ki rTuli, winaaRmdegobebiT aRsavse gzaa, romelic samSvidobos maSin gagviyvans, Tuki gvexsomeba, rom gadarCenis Sansi mxolod gadamrCens aqvs!

14 | CIVICUS#10

transformaciebi

naTia botkoveli

,,yvelaferi cvalebadia, TviT cvalebadobis garda" - moZvelda, gaicviTa da aqsiomaTa rigSi Cadga es fraza. ramdeni xelovani cdilobs, SeeWidos cvalebadobas, aq mxolod mimarTulebebia sxvadasxva, erTni Tu warsuls ,,ebRauWebian" da Semoqmedebis klasikurobaze aqvT pretenzia, meoreni TanamedroveobisTvis fexis awyobis (xSirad gaswrebis) surviliTac, cdiloben uari Tqvan Zvel Rirebulebebze da warmoaCinon raRac axali, aqamde arTqmuli... Rirebulebebis gadafaseba da transformacia xelovnebis araerT dargSi gamovlinda. modiT, davakvirdeT am process literaturis magaliTze. qarTul literaturaze

15 | CIVICUS#11

,,naTesavi warvals da naTesavi movals, da queyana ukunisamde hgies'',, eklesiaste

literaturaSi

dakvirveba gviCvenebs, rom axali mimdinareobebi, rogorc wesi, wina mimdinareobaze reaqcias warmoadgenda, amis sailustraciod sul ramdenime magaliTic kmara: samocianelebi iwunebdnen ,,mamebis" anu romantikosTa weris stils, Tematikas, damokidebulebas rigi sakiTxebis mimarT da gaCnda realizmi, realizmi rogorc reaqcia wina literaturul mimdinareobaze, Tumca arc es ukanaskneli darCenila samudamod wamyvan mimdinareobad, movidnen ,,cisferyanwelebi"da daiwunes TergdaleulTa Semoqmedebis mizani, romlebmac ,,mwerloba gaxades samitingo zalad da poezia gazeTad", realizmis, rogorc Rirebulebis transformaciam warmoSva simbolizmi... asea Tu ise, meoce saukunis literaturuli movlenebi ukeTaa Seswavlili, vidre

- Tanamedrove. vaiRiaroT, dRes mkiTxvels TiTqos eSinia Tanamedrove mwerlobis, gaurbis mas da Tu morCa dro kiTxvisTvis, kvlavac klasikas arCevs. logikurad Cndeba kiTxva - ratom? rodesac saubroben, rom Tanamedrove literaturuli procesi mkvdaria, erTgvari protestis grZnoba miCndeba, radgan, xSirad, am frazis avtorma isic ar icis, romeli mwerlebi moiazrebian Tanamedrove literaturul memkvidreobaSi. asec ar iyos, rogoricaa moTxovna, iseTia miwodeba. Tumca, usamarTloba iqneboda Tu vityodiT, rom Tanamedrove mwerlobisadmi gandgoma mxolod qarTveli mkiTxvelis seni iyos, mkiTxvelis siZulvili Tanamedrove xelovnebisa, oskar uaildis azriT, imiT aixsneba, rom is literaturis sarkeSi Tavis Tavs veRar xedavs. am SemTxvevaSi, xdeba literaturisagan mkiTxvelis gaucxoeba. modernizmma da postmodernizmma

16 | CIVICUS#11

ki namdvilad Seuwyo xeli am gaucxovebas, radgan am orma mimdinareobam zemoTxsenebuli RirebulebaTa transformacia ufro masStaburad da ufro xelSesaxebad moaxdina. pirveli da TvalSisacemi, albaT, mainc ufro klasikuri siuJetis dekonstruqciaa, am sakiTxs yvelaze gasagebad da martivad saad saadi, erik emanuel Smitis romanis ,,ulise baRdadidan" mTavari gmiri agixsniT: ,,sami aTaswleulis win erTi adamiani, saxelad ulise, omma Zalian, Zalian Sors rom gadaisrola, Sin dabrunebaze ocnebobda, me kidev piriqiT, omiT gaveranebuliqveynis datoveba mqonda akviatebuli. vimogzaure. gzad uricxvi winaRobis gadalaxva momiwia. me ulises sruli antipodi gavxdi. is samSoblos ubrundeboda, me - iqidan gavrbodi. mas gza aqeT edo, me - iqiT. is iltvoda im adgilisken, romelic ase uyvarda, me msurda, saZulvel qalaqs gavmijnodi. man zedmiwevniT uwyoda, sad iyo misi adgili, me ki jer kidev veZeb navsayudels... misi odisea nostalgiiT iyo gaJRenTili, Cemi ki momavlis imediT sunTqavs..." gagaxsendebodaT klasikuri siuJeti, roca gmiri midis saxlidan, mogzaurobs,

gardaxdeba "saqmeni sagmironi" da Semdeg brundeba sakuTar saxli, ise, rogorc odisevsi daubrunda mSobliur iTakas. es siuJeti erT-erTi wamyvania da igi zRaprebis mTavari Targicaa: ,,aha, gadis biWi, axalgazrda, mzeWabuki Tu glexis Svili. is ar icnobs arc sakuTar Tavs, arc garesamyaros," gadis da igebs cxovrebis av-kargs, gamocdili, dabrZenebuli da gamarjvebuli ubrundeba kerias. nuTu SeiZleboda, rom aseti Zlieri siuJetic Secvliliyo? siuJeti Seicvala, radgan globalizaciam moitana axali Rirebulebebi, gadafasda samSoblos cnebac, axla bevrisTvis samSoblo isaa, sadac Tavs kargad grZnobs da ara umaRlesi Rirebuleba, romlisaTvis Tavis gawirvac ki Rirs. es transformacia literaturaSic aisaxa. garda klasikuri siuJetebis dekonstruqciisa, Tanamedrove literatura religiuri Rirebulebebis sakmaod gabedul transformaciasac gvTavazobs. magaliTad: saramagu - ,,iesos saxareba", brauni - ,,angelozebi da demonebi", Smiti - ,,pilates saxareba" ai, aq kidev erTxel iCens Tavs mkiTxvelis da mwerlis d i sk o m u n i k a c i i s problema. arsebobs mkiTxvelTa

17 | CIVICUS#10

nawili, romlisTvisac religiuri Temebi xelSeuxebelia da amitom kritikis qar-cecxlSi atarebs Tanamedrove "uRmerTo" mwerlebs. Tumca, erTi ram cxadia, aseT literaturas Tavisi mkiTxveli hyavs, adamianebi, romlebsac swored Rirebulebebis cvlileba xiblavT da standartulis gaucxoeba, gaucnaureba maTTvis kargi TavSesaqcevia. rac ar unda batonobdes mowodeba "xelovneba xelovnebisTvis", mimdinare procesebi mainc axdens xelovanze gavlenas Semoqmedze, icvleba ara mxolod Sinaarsobrivi mxare, aramed -formobrivic. SeniSnaven, rom Tanamedrove poeziaSi Tavisufali leqsi ufro meti popularobiT sargeblobs, vidre klasikuri, riTmiani. Cemi Rrma rwmeniT, mosazrebaTa Tu RirebulebaTa transformacias SiSiT ar unda vuyuroT, literaturuli procesi gviCvenebs, rom cvlileba xelovnebis ganviTarebis da, rac mTavaria, gadarCenis mTavari saSualebaa. gemovneba aTasnairia, SeiZleba mogvwondes, SeiZleba -ara, erTi ram cxadia, yoveli dro literaturas Tavis moTxovnebs uyenebs, cvalebadobis am spirals ki erTi mTavari Rirseba aqvs - ar sruldeba.

18 | CIVICUS#11

Cveni sacxovrebeli mxolod Cveni saxli araa - is qalaqicaa, sadac es saxli dgas da sxva SenobebTan, adamianebTan erTad Tanaarsebobs TinaTin davaZe

https://tbilisi.media/main/55268-31-iyulya-sostoitsya-otkrytie-novoj-gostinitsy-biltmor-tbilisi/

19 | CIVICUS#11

wyaro: Zveli Tbilisis axali sicocxle bolo ramdenime welia aqtiurad saubroben qalaqis iersaxis dakargvaze, rom saSineli Senobebi unda daingres. araerTi xalxmravali saprotesto aqciac Catarebula, Tumca problema isev mougvarebeli rCeba da qalaqs yoveldRiurad emateba axali mravalsarTuliani korpusebi. problema mxlod usaxuri nagebobebis daproeqteba ar gaxlavT, bevri is Senoba, fasadi, gegmareba, mSvenieri sardafi, romelic did rols TamaSobda qalaqis unukaluri iersaxis SeqmnaSi, ubralod aRar arsebobs. Tbilisma ganviTarebis, mSeneblobebis ramdenime etapi gaiara, magram yvelaze mkveTri cvlilebebi me-19 saukunis bolos da me-20 saukunis pirvel aTwleulebSi daiwyo. am periodamde arsebobda mxolod galavanSemortymuli, Sua saukuneebis qalaqi - viwro quCebiT, orsarTuliani SenonebiT, arc ise

mWidrod dasaxlebuli, Tumca im droisTvis sakmaod xalxmravali adgilebiT. Mmecxramete saukuneSi iwyeba „gareTubnis“ mSenebloba, esaa dRevandeli Tavisuflebis moedani, rusTavelis gamziri, sololaki, is teritoria romelic galavnis gareTaa. im xanaSi es did aucileblobas warmoadgenda, radgan burJuazis sWirdeboda didi, mdidruli saxlebi, amis adgili ki Zvel TbilisSi ar iyo. izrdeboda qalaqis mosaxlebac, viTardeboda vaWoba, mrewveloba, uamravi adamiani Camodioda msoflios sxvadasxva wertilidan, maTac sWirdebodaT saxlebi, qarvaslebi. nelnela axali „gareTubani“ prestiJul adgilad iqca, dRemde uamravi msxvili movaWris saxlia SemorCenili am ubnebSi. ekonomiur ganviTarebas Tan mohyva kulturis ganviTarebac. am periodSi aSenda operisa da baletis Teatri, keTilSobilTa saswavlebeli (dRevandeli Tbilisis

20| CIVICUS#10

http://www.radiotavisupleba.ge/a/2211964.html pirveli sajaro skola), rusTvelis Teatri, universiteti da uamravi mniSvnelovani Senoba. qalaqi izrdeboda mtkvris gaswvriv. Semdeg gaCnda gadaadgilebis problema. cxenebSebmuli etli aRar iyo prqtikuli da mosaxerxebeli, avtomobili im droisTvis did fufunebas warmoadgenda da amitom 1950 wlebidan daiwyo Tbilisis metropolitenis mSnebloba da 1966 wels igi eqsploataciaSi Sevida. (pirvelad mxolod 5 sadguri funqcionirebda.) nel-nela qalaqi xdeboda ganaTlebis, kulturis da vaWrobis centri. aucileblad aRsaniSnavia is momenti, rom qalaqis ganviTareba xdeboda galavnis gareT, amiT ar irRveoda Zveli qalaqis unikaluroba, piriqiT, ufrodaufro

mkveTrad SesamCnevi xdeboda Tu rogor harmoniulad Tanaarsebobdnen saerTo sivrceSi axali da Zveli ubnebi. vfiqrob, Zveli da axali qalaqis Zireuli cvlilebebi maSin daiwyo, rodesac dasaxlebaSi momravlda avtomobilebi da mtkvris gaswvriv, orive napirze gaixsna samanqano gzebi; rodesac leseliZis monakveTi, Tavisuflebis moedani da kidev uamravi sxva quCa moergo saavtomobilo transports; rodesac qalaqis dagegmarebis dros avtomobilis mZRolebis komfortul gadaadgilebaze ismeboda meti aqcenti. 80ian, 90-ian wlebSi iklo mSeneblobebma, Semcirda mosaxlebac, amis mizezi sxvadasxva politikuri procesi iyo, Tumca axali â&#x20AC;&#x17E;aRmSeneblobisâ&#x20AC;&#x153; periodi 2000-ian wlebSi mainc daiwyo, rodesac ekonomikuri da socialuri

http://www.geographic.ge/article.php?lang=ge&cat=3&id=62

21 | CIVICUS#11

mdgomareoba gaumjobesda da moxda Zireuli cvlilebebi sazogadoebaSi. bunebrivia es cvlilebebi aisaxa arqiteqturazec. am procesebis kargi magaliTia kldisubani da saerTod Zveli Tbilisi, sadac mxolod ramdenime avTenturi Senoba SemorCa. ganviTarebis swrafi asaxvis survilma arqiteqturaze gamousworebeli Sedegebi dautova qalaqs. vfiqrob, aq imaleba yvela im problemis Ziri, romelic dRes awuxebs qalaqs. qalaqis ganviTareba rTuli da Tanmimdevruli procesia, es unda iyos sazogadoebis transformaciis anarekli, moTxovnebis Sesabamisi da ara xelovnurad, alogikurad daCqarebuli procesi. qalaqis moTxovnebi unda ganisazRvrebodes winaswar. aRsaniSnavia, rom axali tenteciebi danergva mSeneblobaSi, gegmarebis cvlilebebi xdeboda yovelgvari winaswari gaTvlebis gareSe, anu iq sadac da rogorc awyobdaT imas akeTebdnen, rac surdaT. swored amis mizezia uamravi gaugebari Sinaarsis Senoba TbilisSi, uamravi ganadgurebuli istoriuli Zegli da Zireulad saxeSecvlili quCebi. bolo 10 welia im Rirebulebebma, romlebic qalaqis unikalurobas gansazRvravdnen, ukana planze gadainacvles. win wamovida ekonomikuri interesebi. daCqarda cxovrebis tempi, simSvide da komforti ufro prioritetuli xdeba da paralelurad icvleba uamravi unikaluri Senobis fasadi, gegmareba da Sinaarsi. dRes gvaqvs qaosuri qalaqi arakofortuli

http://speakingstones.jumpstart.ge/ka?pairing=43 qveiTisTvisac da mZRolebisTvisac, Tbilisi Zalian patara aRmoCnda milion naxevari mosaxleobiTvis, romelic kidev izrdeba. keTdeba SuqniSnebi, xidebi, gvirabebi, magram problemebi ar iklebs, nel-nela ufro da ufro arakomfortuli xdeba yoveldRiuroba. winaswari dagegmarebis gareSe qalaqi ufro da ufro pataravdeba milion naxevari adamianisTvis. dRes Cven gvaqvs arCevani- vrCebiT qaosur dedaqalaqSi an vawesebT prioritetebs, anu vanviTarebT qalaqs yvelasTvis Tanabrad, gonebiT da ara meqanikurad, virCevT ra aris mniSvnelovani, dRevandeli komforti, Tu qalaqis momavali iersaxe. albaT, yvelaze mniSvnelovani imis gaazrebaa, rom Cveni sacxovrebeli mxolod Cveni saxli araa, Cveni sacxovrebeli is qalaqicaa, sadac es saxli dgas da sxva SenobebTan, adamianebTan erTad Tanaarsebobs.

22 | CIVICUS#11

''transformacia gulisxmobs ara maincdamainc gemovnebis cvlilebas, aramed maqsimalurad mravalferovan areCvans msmenelebisTvis.''' ' nino davaZe dRes Zalian xSirad amboben, rom Tanamedrove qarTuli musika, rogorc cneba ar arsebobs da Sesabamisad, SeuZlebelia mis transformaciaze vimsjeloT. magram es kritikuli azri Tavis mxriv Zalian paradoqsulia. SeuZlebelia sazogadoeba gardaiqmnas, sxva saxis moTxovnebi gauCndes, Seicvalos (rac gardauvalia) da es cvlilebebi sabolood musikaSi ar aireklos. amitom vfiqrob, rom araseriozulia qarTuli musikis arsebobis araRiareba, romelic SesaZlebelia sazogadoebis udides nawils gemovnebiani, xarisxiani da daxvewili formiT ar miwodeba, magram 90-iani wlebidan moyolebuli Cven gvaqvs sxvadasxva musikaluri Canasaxi, sadac aSkaraa qarTuli menatalitetis da amave mentalitetisadmi winaaRmdegobebis gamoxatulebebi. isev qarTveli musikosebi uaryofen xolme "qarTuli rokis", "qarTuli popis" da repis kulturis ganviTarebas saqarTveloSi, magram maSin ise ratom xdeba rom 1999 wels gamarTul rokfestival "rTvelis" publika mxolod ramdenime aTeuli adamianisgan Semdgar msmenels moicavda, 2017 wlis zafxulze ki Cven ramdenime milionian "Jam Fest"-s

velodebiT?! faqtia, rom bevri ram Seicvala da dRes Cven sul sxva, ufro masStaburi gamowvevebis winaSe vdgavarT. mniSvnelovani gardaqmnebis etapi saqarTveloSi 90-ian wlebSi daiwyo. am dros Cndeba qarTuli rokis cnebac. ar dagvaviwydes ra xdeba maSin, rodesac qarTuli roki miwisqveSeTSi ibadeba : aqamde mxolod damaxinjebuli, restornebs

23 | CIVICUS#11

qarTuli musikis transformacia anu ra moxda "rTveli 1999"-dan â&#x20AC;&#x153;JAM FESTâ&#x20AC;&#x153;-mde

morgebuli folklori arsebobs, Tu vinmem "Deep Purple"-is saxeli icis es mxolod wlebis win naCuqari an moskovSi nayidi e.w. "singlebis" xarjze xdeba; maSin roca britanuli roki icviTeboda, CvenTan umravlesobam ar icoda misi arsebobis Sesaxebac ki. Tavi davaneboT musikalur cxovrebas, es xom is periodia, roca "gareT isvrian" da xalxi ara musikaSi

TviTgamovlenisTvis, aramed gadarCenisTvis ibrZvis. warmovidginoT, rom am Sav-TeTr yoveldRiurobaSi Cndeba sivrce "fabrika", sadac axalgazrdebi rokis WeSmaritebas eziarebian, aRmerTeben elviss da uCndebaT Sinagani Tavisuflebis moTxovnileba iq, sadac fizikuri Tavisuflebac ki ar arsebobs. lado burdulis moZraobas Tbilisuri miwisqveSeTisTvisaxali

20 | CIVICUS#11

tendencia Rock, Rock 'n' Roll Semoaqvs da swored aqedan SegviZlia ukve visaubroT qarTul rokzec. dokumenturi Canawerebi am mxriv Zalian sainteresoa; im kedlebis fonze, romlebzec aSkarad Cans tyviis kvali, axalgazrdebis saubroben Tavisuflebaze, Semoqmedebaze, sxva samyaroze, romelic izolirebuli ar aris. am wreSi arsebobda seqsualuri Tavisuflebis aRqmac; mokled, yvelaferi is, risi mosmeniTac dRes daviRaleT, magram maSin akrZaluli xili iyo. musikaSi gaTavisuflebam amave saxis musikis Seqmnis survilic warmoSva da 1999 wels ukve pirveli qarTuli rok-festivalic imarTeba, Cndeba barSi cocxlad dakvris fenomeni da sazogadoebis SedarebiT axalgazrda nawili iwyebs saqarTvelos sazRvrebSi jer kidev "argagonil" musikaSi gaTavisuflebas. am dros mniSvnelovani xdeba musika ara musikisTvis, aramed musika, rogorc idea. aSkara iyo ufrosi Taobis guliswyroma axlgazrdebis "aRviraxsnilobaze", vinaidan maT daiviwyes musikis esteTika, "jRavilze"gadavidnen, melodiebi daikarga da sul sxva araqarTuli musikaluri kultura damkvidrda. magram aq sainteresoa erTi damTxveva, romelic abaTilebs am azrs; evropaSic rokis moTxovnileba omis Semdeg Cndeba. nebismieri xarisxiani evropuli roki sxva araferia, Tu ara omis Sokisgan Tavis daxsnis saSualeba, protesti sistemis winaaRmdeg da tkivili Tavisuflebis deficitis gamo. CvenTan es cota mogvianebiT, magram igive mizezis gamo moxda. sazogadoebis nawils 06| CIVICUS#11 saSinlad undoda 90-mde gavlili bneli wlebis tkivilisgan gaTavisufleba da amitom musika da am SemTxvevaSi roki axali yoveldRiurobis, Tavisuflebis

mTavari iaraRi gaxda. es ar iyo mxolod "jRavili" gansxvavebulobis gamo; es iyo agresiulad gamoxatuli protesti sistemis winaaRmdeg, romelic sapyrobiles hgavda bevri musikosisTvis. cota bundovania, rac qarTul musikalur samyaroSi 2000-ian wlebSi xdeba. aqtiurdeba pop-kultura, Cndeba repis Canasaxebic da aman sagrZnoblad Seuwyo xeli musikis transformacias. sazogadoeba TiTqos cdilobs gadaxarSos cxovrebis axali gamowvevebi (da es ar exeba mxolod musikas). mogvianebiT ki kedlebze Cndeba warwerebi „Led Zeppelin” “Pink Floyd” da aqamde gabatonebul rusuli estradis varskvlavebs nel-nela anacvlebs evropuli mimdinareobebi. 200809 wlebidan ki saqarTvelo internetis SesaZleblobebs eziara da am droidan gemovnebis mravalferovnebis mxriv sruli "ganukiTxaobaa". zogadad, gemovnebis

25 | CIVICUS#11

cvlilebis tempi sxva sferoebSi progresis temps mihyveba xolme da zustad amis Sedegia is, rom dasavluri civilizaciis daaxloebasTan erTad qarTvelebma masiurad daviwyeT musikis mosmena. ramdenadac warmoudgenlad ar unda JRerdes, amis problema namdvilad iyo. dRes Cveulebrivi kiTxvaa "ra musikas usmen?", magram Cven xom gamoviareT dro, rodesac am kiTxvas ar pasuxobdnen da xalxi musikis mosasmenad ar iyo ganwyobili. naklebma izolaciam da Tavisufalma internet sivrcem moitana cnobiereba musikalur sferoSi. musikaluri gemovneba ki ar daixvewa da ganviTarda, aramed adamianebma ubralod daiwyes musikis mosmena. amis Sedegi iyo festival "Open Air”is mier gamowveul aJiotaJic, romelic raRac mxriv, trampili iyo Tanamedrove qarTuli musikaluri cnobierebisTvis. sxva rom araferi, Cven „Deep Purple” vnaxeT scenaze da maT gverdiT mTeli rigi artistebi, romlebsac aqamde vusmendiT rogorc Soreul momavals, ucxo samyaros, ufro ganviTarebul kulturas... 2009 wlidan Cvenc vxdebiT am kulturis nawili da am grandiozuli movlenebis xarjze xdeba xolme transformacia musikaSi, romelic adamianis mTel cnobierebas moicavs. msgavsi magaliTebi kargia xolme imis gasaazreblad Tu ramdenad bevrs niSnavs im erTeuli adamianebis moRvaweoba saqarTveloSi, romlebic msgavsi

festivalebis organizebaze muSaoben da msoflio kulturasTan erTianobis gancdas aRviveben. dRes ukve bevri ganixilavs eleqtronuli musikis bumis mizezebs sazogadoebaSi. rogor moxda ise, rom adamianTa uzarmazari nawili ahyva kluburi musikis riTms ase masiurad?! arada SesaZlebelia, rom mizezi ara am mimdinareobis specifika, aramed ubralod garTobis survili iyos. es Tanamderove tendencia mxolod musikis mosmenas ar moicavs. is damkvidrda rogorc kultura, romelic cxovrebis wess cvlis. iq, sadac dRes eleqtronuli musika ismis, adamianebisTvis ufro mimzidveli garemo iqmneba, romelic siamovnebis da garTobis axal standartebs awesebs, amitom msmenelTa umravlesobam am garemoSi ipova sakuTari komfortis zona. mniSvnelovania isic, rom saqarTveloSi eleqtronuli musika SedarebiT xarisxiani formiT miewodeba msmenels, vidre sxva alternativebi. rom aRaraferi vTqvaT msoflio artistebis live saRamoebze, romelsac sxva da sxva Ramis klubebi gvTavazoben, dRes aq iqmneba kidec xarisxiani eleqtronuli musika. Sesabamisad, msmenelis reaqciac. faqtia, rom komfortuli mimdinareobis povnis survilma saqarTvelo Zalian did transformaciamde miiyvana. warsulisgan gansxvavebiT, axla ukve martivia waxvideT megobrebTan erTad barSi da vusminoT romelime qarTuli alternatiuli bendis LIVE saRamos, iseve rogorc usmino magaliTad, „NIKAKOI”-s musikas romelime Ria sivrceSi. transformaciac gulisxmobs ara maincdamainc gemovnebis cvlilebas, aramed maqsimalurad mravalferovan arCevans msmenelebisTvis.

26| CIVICUS#11

" liTl-rokis cxra’’"" mzeona kaxniaSvili 1896 wels dadgenili kanonmdeblobiT amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi Savkanian moswavleebs ar hqondaT ufleba, eswavlaT TeTrkaniani moswavleebis gverdiT. aRniSnuli mocemuloba 1954 wels Seicvala, rodesac sasamarTlom skolebis segregacia arakonsitituciurad cno, rac afroamerikeli gogonas, linda braunis damsaxureba iyo, romelsac saswavleblad siaruli qalaqis gadaRma uwevda maSin, rodesac Tavis sacxovrebelTan axlos ,,TeTrebis skola’’ arsebobda. miuxedavad zemoTqmuli gadawyvetilebisa, segregirebuli skolebi 1954 wlis Semdegac moqmedebda, amas mowmobs kampania, romelic gatarda 1957 wels arkanzasis Statis dedaqalaqSi, liTl-rokiSi, rodesac cxra afroamerikelma studentma miiRo adgili TeTrebisTvis gankuTvnil skolaSi. maT mxars uWerda feradkanianTa mxardamWeri antirasistuli erovnuli asociacia. suraTze swored erTerTi maTgania gamosaxuli, elizabed ekfordi, romelic auRelveblad miabijebs skolisken maSin, rodesac mis ukan uamravi ganrisxebuli TeTrkaniani studentia. arkanzasis Statis gubernatorma, orval fobusma dapirispirebis Tavidan asacileblad Statis araformalur SenaerTebs ubrZana, Savkaniani bavSvebi ar SeeSvaT skolaSi, romlebmac brZaneba paraskevamde, 20 Tebervlamde Seasrules, manam, sanam gubernatoris gadawyvetileba ar iqna uaryofili sasamarTloSi. orSabaTs ki cxra aqtivisti kvlav gaemarTa skolisken da daupirispirda

aTasze met TeTrkanian moswavles. maT moaxerxes skolaSi SeRweva, magram maTze ganrisxebuli brbo ar apirebda danebebas. amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis prezidenti, duait devid eizenhaueri iZulebuli iyo, emoqmeda. man gasca gankarguleba mTavrobis

27 | CIVICUS#11

samxedro Zalebis mier Savkanian bavSvTa agresiuli demonstrantebisgan dacvis Taobaze. oTxSabaTs cxra moswavle skolas daubrunda ocdaori jariskacis TanmxlebiT, romlebic maTi yoveldRiuri cxovrebis nawili gaxdnen. dRes situacia sruliad saxecvlilia. liTl-rokis sajaro skolaSi daaxloebiT 54% Savkaniani da 43% TeTrkaniani moswavlea. isini mSvidobianad Tanacxovroben,

megobroben da uyvarT erTmaneTi, rac imas mowmobs , rom Rirebulebebi ar aris mudmivi, isini icvleba droSi sazogadoebaSi mimdinare cvlilebebTan erTad. ბიბლიოგრაფია: 1) https://socialistworker.co.uk/art/12752/Little+Rock++and +the+fight+to+end+school+segregation 2) http://www.amerikiskhma.com/a/us-school_segregation_ black/1916057.html 3) https://www.nps.gov/chsc/faqs.htm

28 | CIVICUS#11

ტრანსფორმაცია ფოტო-პროექტი შექმნილია თემაზე "ტრანსფორმაცია". ტრანსფორმაცია განსაკუთრებით მკვეთრად თაობებს შორის არის ხოლმე აღსაქმელი. სწორედ ამიტომ, პროექტის ფარგლებში გადავიღე სამი ადამიანი, რომლებიც საკუთარ წინაპრებსა და თავიანთ თავებზე მოკლედ საუბრობენ. ფოტო-ისტორიების მიზანია, დაგვანახოს განსხვავება თუ როგორ ტრანსფორმირდა ფასეულობები და ღირებულებები თაობიდან თაობამდე და რა გავლენა მოახდინა ამ ყველაფერმა თანამედროვე ადამიანების ჩამოყალიბებაზე.

დემეტრე დათიაშვილი

29 | CIVICUS#11

foto: demetre daTiaSvili

Tiko kvaliaSvili Cemi didi babua aleqsandre kvaliaSvili TbilisSi sakmaod cnobili pirovneba iyo. cotaTi mZime xasiaTiT da pirdapiri. fanatiurad uyvarda buneba, zrunavda tyeebze da amavdroulad kargad erkveoda mcenareTa movlis specifikaSi da wignebic ki hqonda am Tematikaze gamocemuli. poetma murman lebaniZem leqsic ki miuZRvna, sadac Tbilisis ukanasknel mohikans uwodebs da ambobs, rom tyeebis xsenebisas mas ucnaurad Tvalebi udiddeba. aravis daindobda, visac Seatyobda rom xeebs udierad epyroboda. me ufro liberaluri da mSvidi var, rodesac saqme ramis an vinmes dacvas exeba. im sferoSi, sadac var --- cxovelTa dacvaSi uamrav sisastikes vawydebi, magram vcdilob kanonis sruli dacviT movaxdino reagireba

30 | CIVICUS#11

foto: demetre daTiaSvili

Tamara kecxoveli lado zaqarias Ze kecxoveli dab. 1876 w. iyo revoluciuri moZraobis wevri mefis ruseTSi. social-demokrati. bolSeviki, mesame dasis wevri. ioseb stalinis TanamebrZoli. miuxedavad imisa, rom bolos mainc Tavisma TanamebrZolebma Seiwires, mas bolomde swamda sakuTari ideis, risTvisac cxovrebis bolomde ibrZoda. me ganaTlebiT arqeologi var - dRes parlamemtis aparatis TanamSromeli da ukve 3 welia mivuerTdi samoqalaqo moZraobas-partizanuli mebaReoba, romelic icavs mwvane safars TbilisSi da aramarto aq. CenTvis aseve mniSvnelovania Cem qalaqis iersaxec da keTilmowyobac, amitom yovelTvis davdivar aqciebze, romlebic exeba safexmavlo gzebsa da qalaqis manqanebiT gadatvirTvas, aseve vaprotesteb parkebis moasfaltebas da ukanono mSeneblobebs.

31 | CIVICUS#11

foto: demetre daTiaSvili

miSka sulakauri mamaCemi mxatvaria,erT erTi pirveli karikaturebis mxatvari saqarTveloSi. is Tavis ideebs damokidebulebebs am karikaturebiT gamoxatavs. Cemi sfero SedarebiT gansxvavebulia. miuxedavad imisa, rom mec vxatav, ar minda davemsgavso sxvebs da CemiT Sevitano sazogadoebaSi da qalaqSi axali muxti. 10 welia da me da Cemi skeiteri megobrebi qalaqs am kuTxiT vaniWebT mravalferovnebas da vmatebT ferebs, skeitiT kataoba Cemi TviTgamoxatvis erTerTi yvelaze kargi saSualebaa. amitomac umetesad xalxi Cemi dafebiT mcnobs.

32 | CIVICUS#11

Jurnalis am nawilSi gTavazobT "samoqalaqo ganaTlebis leqtorTa asociaciis" mier Catarebul eseebis konkursSi "RirebulebaTa transformacia saqarTveloSi" gamarjvebul 3 eses.

33 | CIVICUS#11

28| CIVICUS#11

fotos avtori: ალექს აფციაური

33| CIVICUS#11

qeTevan goleTiani

saqarTvelos mravalsaukunovani istoria safuZvelia yvelaferi imis, riTic qarTveli amayobs. Tumca es istoria arasdros yofila uwyveti da mudmivad evoluciuri. Tuki qarTvels etyvi, rom saqarTvelo, rogorc Tanamedrove saxelmwifo sulac ar iTvlis arsebobis aseulobiT wels, misi TviTSegnebis iseT siRrmeebs SeexebiT uxeSad, rom advilad SesaZlebelia, moRalated an gaunaTleblad CagTvalon, Seni Sefaseba ki Seuracxyofad miiRon. Tumca rogori rTulic ar unda iyos amis miReba, saqarTvelo erT-erTi yvelaze axalgazrda saxelmwifoa evropaSi, es saxelwifo ki sazogadoebas warsuliT siamayis garda bevr axal moTxovnas uyenebs. rom ara 70-ian wliani sabWoTa

34| CIVICUS#11

borkilebi. 1918 wels rusul imperializms TavdaRweuli damoukidebeli saqarTvelo dRes albaT ganviTarebis sxva safexurze idgeboda. Tumca imaze fiqri, ra moxdeboda istoriis JamTasvla sxva gziT rom wasuliyo, kargi sizmris gagrZelebis jiuti survilis gamo realobaSi dabrunebaze uaris Tqmas emsgavseba. realoba ki is aris, rom qarTuli saxelmwifo 1991 wels Tavidan daibada, es ki pirvel rigSi swored Rirebulebebis da normebis gadafasebas gulisxmobda. politikuri da ekonomikuri gardaqmnebi, instituciuri mSenebloba mxolod zednaSenia kulturuli transformaciis, RirebulebaTa gadafasebis - mag. safrangeTis revolucia ver SeZlebda moqalaqeobriobis xanis sawyisi gamxdariyo, evropel adamians Sinaganad rom ar SesZuleboda absolutizmis borkilebi... qarTvelma ki monobis borkilebis SeZuleba daiwyo, borkilebis, romelsac arc arasdros Sehguebia bolomde. damoukideblobis mopovebam saSualeba mogvca literaturul-romantikuli, miwisqveSa Tu verbaluri omi mCagvrelis winaaRmdeg Rirebulebebis praqtikul brZolad gveqcia, rac Cveni, rogorc samoqalaqo sazogadoebad dabadebaSi gamoixateboda. axla qarTul saxelwmifos Tavad vzrdiT, es gza ki yvelaze rTuli

gasavlelia. demokratiis konsolidacias swored RirebulebaTa gadafaseba aZlevs biZgs. axladfexadgmul sazogadoebebSi ki xSirad piriqiT hgoniaT, rom politikuri cvlilebebi droTa ganmavlobaSi samoqalaqo kulturis ganviTarebasac moitans Sedegad. iqneb, aseTi mosazreba misaRebic yofiliyo da imedismomcemic, Tumca Cvens SemTxvevaSi RirebulebaTa transformacia ara lodins, aramed ukve gaazrebul da nafiqr evropul samoqalaqo RirebulebebTan dabrunebas unda gulisxmobdes. Tu gardamaval epoqaSi qarTul saxelmwifos davakvridebiT, aRmovaCenT, rom is Rirebulebebi, romlebsac 60-ianelebi SiSveli ideologiis saxiT iZleodnen da romlis meSveobiTac qarTuli sazogadoebis aRzrdis brZolas Seewirnen kidec, CvenSi kvlav arsebobs. transformaciis procesi xangrZlivia, Tumca pirveli da erT-erTi umTavresi monapovari aris Tavisufleba - ara mxolod deklarirebuli, ara mxolod imperialisturi Zalisgan, ara mxolod winsvlis SeuZleblobisgan, aramed Tavisufleba sakuTari Tavis marTvisa, saxelmwifos mSeneblobisa, momavlis gansazRvrisa. gavlili politikuri cvlilebebi gvaswavlis, rom demokratia aris ara politikuri wyoba, aramed, pirvel rigSi, faseulobaTa

35| CIVICUS#10

sistema da azrovnebis wesi. arcTu Soreul warsulSi mesiis da mxsnelis maZiebeli sazogadoeba dRes iwyebs kritikulad Seafasos politikuri cvlilebebi, Zalauflebis maZiebeli politikosebi, dasvas SekiTxvebi, eWvi Seitanos, zegavlena moaxdinos. swored am procesSi daiwyo qarTulma sazogadoebam adamianis, rogorc mTavari Rirebulebis, rogorc pirovnebis da ara obieqtis danaxva. es ar niSnavs gaTiTokacebas, aramed individis da misi interesebis centrSi dayenebas miuxedavad sqesisa, religiisa, socialuri mdgomareobisa da yvelafer imisa, rasac qaRaldze detaluri sizustiT gangvisazRvravs konvenciebi, SeTanxmebebi da aTasi gansxvavebuli saxeliT miRebuli dokumentebi. am rTul gzaze bevri SeviwireT, bevris ufleba ver davicaviT, bevris SevbRaleT, bevri SegveSala, Tumca cvlilebebi dawyebulia, am Zlieri talRis gaCereba ki aRar moxdeba. qarTuli samoqalaqo cnobierebis gardaqmnis kidev erTi niSani kanonmorCilebis da kanonis uzenaesobis mniSvnelobis gaazrebis dawyebaa. es naTeli magaliTia imis, rom saqarTvelos swrafva evropuli civilizaciisken aris ara Tavsmoxveuli an ubralod instiqturi survili dasavluri ojaxis wevrobisa, aramed bunebrivi da amave dros

gaazrebuli procesi. samoqalaqo Rirsebis Segneba, Tavisufali da Rirseuli moqalaqis arseboba, azrovnebis da arCevanis Tavisufleba aris im saxelmwifos niSani, romlis Senebis procesi erTmaneTis sisxlisRvrisTvis Tavis aridebis gareSe mainc ver daviwyeT. Tumca danaSauli iqneba im winsvlis ardanaxva, romelsac miuxedavad bevri Secdomisa da Secodebisa, 3 aTeulze nakleb weliwadSi miaRwia qarTulma saxelmwifom. aucilebelia Cveni Tavi gaviazroT erT mTlianobad. evropul saxelmwifos, ers qmnian ara avtoritetebi, aramed Tavisufali moqalaqeebi, romlebsac ara mxolod uflebebis da upiratesobebis, aramed pasuxismgeblobis koncentraciis centric sakuTar Tavze gadaaqvT. p.s. 1912 wels franc raixelti sakuTari gamogonebis gamosacdelad eifelis koSkidan gadmoxta, paraSutma ar gaamarTla da raixelti daiRupa. Tumca bolomde sjeroda sakuTari gamogonebis. ar vici, raixeltis magaliTi ramdenad SeiZleba relevanturi iyos, Tumca swored rwmena ideebisa da progresisa, marcxisa da dacemis didi albaTobis miuxedavad, aris safuZveli transformaciis warmatebiT dasrulebisa.

34 | CIVICUS#10

aqtivistis CurCuli nana bagaliSvili

fotos avtori: თათია ყაჭაშვილი

37 | CIVICUS#10

38 | CIVICUS#11

muclad myofobidan SiSs vaWmevT Cvilebs - sxvas Tu ar SeWam ver gadarCebi. dabadebidan impulsurad atarebs codnas, rom sxvaze ukeTesi unda iyos. ar aqvs mniSvneloba ra nawilSi, mTavaria ukeTesi iyos da aswavlian yvelafers yvelaferze. oRond yvelaze ukeTesi iyos yvelaferSi, sxvaze ukeTesi. zrdasrulobis asakSi yvelafris mcodne arafrist profesionalebad yalibdebian da yvelaferi rom akeTon, sad Tu ara - politkaSi midian, an sul mcire politikaze debatoben. (politikaSi, misi qarTuli gagebiT, rac udris Zalauflebas+cota muSaobas+bevr fuls) samoqalaqo aqtvizmic aseTi individebis sazogadoebaSi vinmeze ukeTesad yofnis mcdelabad da ara yvelas ukeTesad gaxdomis mcdelobad aRiqmeba. studenturi regionaluri aqtivizmic sazogadoebaSi iTargmenba, rogorc garjad rbili skamisTvis da sakuTari kabinetisTvis. hoda, amitom, aqtivistebis mxardamWerTa jgufic SedarebiT dabalia. aravis ar unda wvaleba Seni rbili savarZlisaTvis. axlac da merec Tavisze aqvs safiqri. amaze 2011-Si ar vfiqrobdiT. rom mcodnoda, iqneba arc dagvewyo kidec regionidan dedaqalaqSi saswavleblad Casul studentebs aqtivizmi Cveni soflebis ganviTarebisTvis. asea, bevris codna zogjer sul araa saWiro bevri da didi saqmeebis sakeTeblad. mTavari gulis ndmaa da intuicia. danarCens mere swavlob, imas, raca sWirdeba saqmes romeladac xar gadaqceuli. da ase, gansja da analizi yovelTvis rodia kargi. zogjer mTavaria adge da daiwyo moZraoba, dagubebul wyalSi Sexvida da mdinare moiyvano. hoda, ase, 2011 wels avdeqiT da SevikribeT. SevikribeT wnoreli studentebi Tbiliss da daviwyeT sakuTari xelebiT, tvinebiT da jibis fuliT gasarTob-

SemecnebiTi aqtivobebis dagegmva Cvens soflebSi. pirvel etapze yvela viwro da kiTxvisniSniani TalebiT Semogvyurebda. ver gaegoT, romeli partiis interesebi gvamoZravebda da cota morcxvad, magram interesianad gvekiTxebodnen - Tqven visTana xarT? pasuxze - arcerTi, ubralod, cvlileba gvinda da misi gamowvevisTvis vmoZraobTTqo. logikuria rom gviyurebdnen ufro moWutuli, dawrilebul-daeWvebuli TvalebiT da pirveli moulodneloba Cvenma Tanasoflel-Tanaqalaqelebma maSin Seaknawunes. saocaria ara? maT warmosaxvebi samoqalaqo aqtivizmze miwisZvra moxda. viRacam odnav, dabal baliani miwisZvriT Seuryia azri rom samoqalaqo aqtivizmi SeiZleba emijnebodes partiul politikur saqmianobas. cnobierebis am mcire-mcire miwisZvebs moaqvT xolme azrovnebis revolucia samoqalaqo aqtivizmze. 2-3 wlis Semdeg, gaoceebisa da gaasebis axali talRa vigrZeniT. Tanamoqalqeebis eWvnaylapi Tvalebi â&#x20AC;&#x17E;zrunvinmaâ&#x20AC;&#x153; Tvalebma Caanacvles. aki, vambobdi, individis warmatebazea momarTuli Cveni sazogadoeba, gunduri-saTemo sixaruli da miRweva mease xarixovania. hoda, aseTi sazogadoebis wevrebic sul gikiJineben - amdens ras wvalob? kuzians Sen ver gaasworeb. yvela Tavis tyavze firobs, adeqi da mixede karieras. aba, vin dagifasebs amden wvalebas wlebis mere? Sen nu ggonia rom qveyanas rames uSveli da misTanebi. es ukanaskeli yvelaze metad gvacofebda. qveyanas ver uSvelio niSnavs, rom Cvenc uSvelebi gvWirs da Tu uSvelebi gvWirs Sen raRa gvaCerebs erT adgils, Sen da me Tu ar ar amoviZvrenT jibidan xelbs vin mova Cvens saSvelad?! am nawilSi sabWoTa kvaSirma da eklesiam Tavisi Rrma daRi dagvatyo, rom Cven ki ara, viRac sxva

39 | CIVICUS#11

Zala, RmerTi iqneba Tu xelisufleba mova da gviSvelis. sul bolos, Cveni Tanamoqalqeebis damokidebulelebebis cvlilebebis talRac SeveCexeT, rasac yvelaze ukiduresi gambedaobis ocnebaSic ver davuSvebdiT. ver vinatrebdiT, rom erT dRes, Tundac 6 wlis mere yofiliyo es dRe. Cvenma TanamunicipalitetelTanamoqalqeebma samoqalaqo aqtvivzmis Sesaxeb Cakritalebuli stereotipebi Semoifcqvnes, Semoifcqvnes Tan iqamde, rom im wris nawili, romelzec manamde eWvneulobdnen adgnen da TviTon gaxdnen misi nawili. adgnen da saxlidan gamoitanes TefSebi, tansacmlis sakidarebi, vazebi, Wiqebi, saaTebi, msubuqi qisebidan amoiRes da uwilades fuli sazogado saqmes, Tavisi saaTebi da dReebic daxarjes saerTo saqmisTvis. im saqmis nawilad yofna undodaT aqamde rom eWvis TvalebiT uyurebdnen. hoda, ase, dRes, rom wnorSi codnis kafe gvaq, yvelas kafea. martivi mizeziT, es sivrce - regionisTvis sanatreli garemo - wignis maRazia, kafe, samkiTxvelo da Sexvedrebi oTaxi erT sivrceSi, Seqmna yvelam. hoda ase, logika martivia, dro da dro samoqalaqo aqtivizmSic ase xdeba, msgavsi msgavss izidavs. amitom, cvilelebic modis, zogjer Tavbrudamxvevad did nakadad, zogjer ki nela, SeumCnevlad. mTavaria cvlilebis talRis iZuleba ki ara cvlilebis survili gqondes fokusSi, danarCeni TavisiT modis idealurad. 6 wesi regioneli samoqalaqo aqtivistebisTvis, cvlilebis gamowveva rom gvinda: 1. Sens Tanamoazremde Seni Tanamoqalaqe ubralod adamiania, siyvaruliT gaJRenTili adamiani. gaCerdi da dainaxe siyvaruliani qali da kaci. mere siyvarulianad midis

yvelaferi. 2. axal saqmes rom daadgebi bevri sirTule Segxvdeba, magram warmoidgine gonebaSi suraTi saqmis SedegiT rogori bednierebi iqnebian isini, visTvisac akeTeb, an visTan erTadac akeTeb. ase siarulis Zala gagimravldeba. 3. yvelaze didi mxardamWerebi momavalSi ar geyoleba, yvelaze didi mxardamWerebi Sens gverdiT arian ukve. daafase, aTasjer gaumeure, nu daiRlebi uTxra da agrZnobino partniorebs rom sulisSemZvrelad Zvirfasebia arian SenTvis da sazogadoebisTvis. 4. vinme rom geCxubos Seni kargi saqmisTvis, nu iwyen. CvenTan bevri ararealizebuli suli cxovrobs da sakuTar Tavs rom ver eCxubebian usaqmurobisTvis, geCxubebian Sen romelic cvlilebas iwvev, romelic aCveneb rom mondomebiT cvlileba miiRweva. Sen ubralod uTanagrZne mas. erT dRes isic SenTan mova, rakiRa gabrazebis unari mainc SerCa sakuTar Tavze erT dRes SeiZleba gabrazebam moZraoba dabados masSi. 5. Tanasoflelisgan saerTo saqmisTvis mocemuli 1 lari metad gagixardes da xSirad ilaparake amaze sajarod, vidre evrokavSirisgan miRebul milioni, radgan Sen Tanasoflelebs daviwyebuli aqvT saTemo mobilizeba da gamxneveba/Seqeba sWirdeba, evrokavSirma Seuqebladac icis rasac akeTebs da risTvisac. da bolos, wesi nomeri 6, ar dagaviwydes sakuTari Tavi. rogori tempiTac viTardebi, rogor Zalasac grZnob sakuTar TavSi, im ZaliTa xar samoqalaqo aqtivisti. hoda, adaminebs bednieri adaminebi gvizidaven, hoda, ratomac ara? samoqalaqo aqtivizmi iyos Cveni religiac da Terapiac. codnis kafeSi dagelodebiT, siyvaruliT, nana bagaliSvili

36 | CIVICUS#10

daviT fartenaZe

fotos avtori: edo mJavanaZe

41 | CIVICUS#10

42 | CIVICUS#11

- - -

axti! .......... aba, xurda ara maqvso, biWo?!

- - -

axti. .......... va, 57 santimetri, magaria. cotac da burTs Cateni.

xandaxan mgonia, rom sazRvarze vcxovrob, ar vgulisxmob ori qveynis an raionis sazRvars, epoqaTa sazRvari maqvs mxedvelobaSi. axlo warsulSi filmebiT, wignebiT vuyurebi da mikvirs, Tu ratom iwvevs Cemze ufros TaobaSi is dro nostalgias saxelwodebiT â&#x20AC;&#x17E;gviWirda, magram mainc menatreba is droâ&#x20AC;&#x153; . ise detalurad aRweren xolme 90-iani wlebis gaWirvebas da ise Cveulebrivad daayoleben maSin sxva dro iyoo, rom gegoneba Cais karaqiani puri miayoles. dedaCemze odnav ufrosi qalebi gaufiltravi ludiviT CaSavebulebi dadian dRes qalaqSi, maT Svilebi dauxoces, daexocaT da sakvirveli is aris, rom ar arsebobs vinme konkretuli damnaSave, rogorc dRes aris magaliTad (klaselis Zmam, naTesavma, mezobelma Tu sxva vinmem mokla). maTi mkvleli is 10 wliani epoqa iyo da TiTqos Seguebulebic arian Wirisuflebi. ... Tumca mainc sxva iyo maSin (?!) mezizRebian quCis ZaRlebi, gansakuTrebiT Tu isini faliaSvilis quCidan arian. kidev

kargi baTumSi faliaSvilis quCa ar gvaqvs, me mgoni. quCis ZaRlebis simcires ar vuCiviT. ZaRlebi da adamianebi, an piriqiT ZaRli adamianebi da adamiani ZaRlebi. quCa akademiaao, amboben. quCis mentaliteti, narkotikebi, gaupatiureba, mkvleloba, sisxli, ar dandoba, damwvari borblis suni da sadarbazoebi savse wvrili da patara nemsebiT. Cems yofiT mexsierebas sul ramdenime maTgani SemorCa, magaliTad, patara nemsebi, oRond ara sadarbazoebSi, ase Riad, aramed sadRac nangrevebSi. mivdiodiT am nangrevebSi bavSvebi da sxvebis Zvel bavSvobas vxedavdiT, romelic ise dauWeWyavs im patara nemsSi moqceul uhaerobas, rom TiTqos arc yofila. mere ufro mozrdilebi mivdiodiT, nemsebi mcirdeboda, mcirdebodnen gaufiltravi ludiviT Savsamoseliani qalebic. quCis mentaliteti iseTi ar damxvda, filmebsa da wignebSi rogoricaa. damxvda skolis mentaliteti, skolisTvis adaptirebuli. yofila bevri,

43| CIVICUS#11

gverdze gamo brat, gakveTilebis Semdeg gnaxav, maswavleblis Tvalwin xels xom ar davartyamdi (maSin davartyavdi-s ar iyenebdnen), Cems Seyvarebuls ra pontSi uyvarxar biWo, zonaze fuls vagzavniT da mravali msgavsi. klasebis matebasTan erTad izrdeboda es frazebi da maTi varirebac SemoqmedobiTobis da daxvewilobis umaRles mwvervals uaxlovdeboda. skolebSi kulturul Rirebulebad iqca e.w. „skolis adaptirebuli mentaliteti“, romelic ise mZlavrad da Rrmad iqna Canergili TiToeul CvenganSi, rom zogierTi moswavlis ganuyofel funqciad miviCnieT skolis win birJis gamagreba. skolis win quCis savali nawilidan manqanis Semovardnis safrTxis asacileblad trotuaris kideSi rkinis konstruqciebia dRemde damontaJebuli. am konstruqciebis usafrTxoebis bunebrivi daniSnuleba gaaCndaT, Tumca skolis mentaluri umciresoba mas sxvagvarad iyenebda da erTgvar safrTxes warmoadgenda Cveulebrivi, mokvdavi moswavleebisTvis. mentaluri umciresoba am adgils „stanoks“ uwodebda, xolo mokvdavi umravleba monRolebis urdos. es adgili iyo skolis mentaluri da sagadasaxo administrirebis teritoria da Savi bazari. aq krebdnen fuls keTilSobiluri miznisTvis, zonaze gasagzavnad, aq scemdnen

urC gadamxdelebs, aq irCeoda saqme or dapirispirebul mxares Soris, mokled rom vTqvaT, aq iyo skolis Savi bazari. me skola davamTavre, imave gziT davdivar universitetSi. skolis dasrulebidan pirvel wlebSi CemTvis kargad nacnobi saxeebi kvlav isxdnen im boZebze, kvlav eweodnen sigarets da kvlav atarebdnen „stanokze“ axal Taobas. Semdegi wlebSi iq msxdomTa raodenoba SeTxelda, zogi cixeSi, zogi sazRvargareT, zogma coli moiyvana, zogic monasterSi wavidao (Tumca isini brundebodnen xolme). yovel gavlaze mcirdeboda maTi raodenoba, yovel gavlaze izrdeboda im trotuarze moswavleTa gamtarunarianoba da TiTqos Cemi mSobliuri skolac daemsgavsa ucxour filmebSi saocnebo kadrebad naCveneb skolebs. is boZebi kvlav iq idgnen, Tumca upatronod. veRar patronoben boZebs faliaSvilis quCis ZaRlebi.! guSin win statia wavikiTxe adgilobriv gazeTSi. „14 noembers baTumSi, griboedovis quCaze ori msubuqi avtomobili Seejaxa erTmaneTs, gadametebuli siCqarisa da Sejaxebis gamo erTerTi avtomobili gasrialda da skolis win damontaJebul usafrTxoebis boZebs Seaskda. sabednierod msxverpli ar aris.“

samoqalaqo ganaTlebis leqtorTa asociacia www.cela.ge

am eleqtronuli Jurnalis gamocema SesaZlebeli gaxda amerikeli xalxis mxardaWeriT amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentos (USAID-is) meSveobiT proeqtis saarCevno procesebis gaZliereba (SEP) saqarTveloSi farglebSi, romelic xorcieldeba saarCevno sistemaTa saerTaSoriso fondis (IFES) mier. masalis Sinaarsi, SesaZloa, ar gamoxatavdes samoqalaqo ganaTlebis leqtorTa asociaciis (CELA), IFES-is, USAID-is an amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis mTavrobis Sexedulebebs.

civicus redaqtori | koreqtori: levan lorTqifaniZe proeqtis xelmZRvaneli: Tamar qaraia teqnikuri redaqtori | dizaini: TinaTin davaZe Jurnalze muSaobdnen: SoTa narsia Tamar CiTinaSvili naTia botkoveli TinaTin davaZEe nino davaZe mzeona kaxniaSvili demetre daTiaSvili qeTevan goleTiani nana bagaliSvili daviT fartenaZe

http://www.cela.ge/ge/civicus info@cela.ge https://www.facebook.com/celageo

civicus #11 | ianvari 2017