Design document

Student Name: Sandra Yuen Studentnr: 464474 Email: sandra.y32@live.com Mobile: 06 31956774 Education: HAN University of Applied Sciences Major: Communication & Multimedia Design (CMD-C)

Design Document

Company Name: Happy Folk Address: Nieuwe Oeverstraat 31-33, 6811 JB Arnhem Website: www.happy-folk.com Manager: Mark Tamea Email manager: mark@happy-folk.com Mobile manager: 06 14989990 University Coach: Yvonne Brinkman Email: yvonne.brinkman@han.nl Mobile: 06 28304356 Date: 18 May 2016 Verion 2.0

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TABLE OF CONTENT Preface.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................4 1. Subject...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................5 2. Mindmap............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................6 3. Requirements......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................7 4. Moodboard.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................8 5. Visual material base on research...................................................................................................................................................................................................................10 6. Design process...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................13

6.1 The artificial hip...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................13

6.2 The body..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................14

6.3 Parting the muscles........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................16

6.4 Lateral decubitis position.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................17

6.5 Icons...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................18 7. Script....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................19 8. Low-end storyboard........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................23 9. Look and feel...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................29 10. High-end storyboard....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................30 11. Style guide........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................34

11.1 Color..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................34

11.2 Typography.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................37

11.3 Graphical elements.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................39

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12. Production........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................41

12.1 Softwares........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................41

12.2 Video format.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................41

12.3 Voice-over .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................42

12.4 Background music.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................42

12.5 Production as media...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................43

12.6 Composing the frame.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................43

12.7 Shot sizes........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................43

12.8 Movement.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................44

12.9 Light................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................44 13. Appendix..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................46  

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PREFACE

For this project, an animation is created as final result. Design is the most important part in creation of the animation, because the design attracts the attention and feeling of the audience. Throughout this document all the design steps are described and explained in detail as a semi-expert animation creator. Spine Advice has mentioned the style and design that they are expecting to have in the animation. The style is to keep it simple, clean looking and modern like a diagram. The animation should enhance patient’s knowledge and understanding of the procedure about hip replacement surgery. The design is made based on the requirements of the research, especially from the target group.

Mindmap and moodboards are created in beginning of the document in order to define the idea of the design for the animation. The proof of concept is 3D animation, which 3D model is the most important part of the animation. Therefore, the design is focused on the 3D model and how to develop a patient education tool throughout an animation. In creation of the proof of concept it’s similar to a real-life filming situation, which camera movement and lights become the most important elements. Colors, typography and graphical elements form part of the design in order to emphasize the importance and the message of the animation. This document will describe all the design choices that have been made for the proof of concept.  

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1. SUBJECT The main purpose of creating this project is to educate patients and improve their knowledge about Orthopedic surgery. On 16th of November 2016, the first meeting with the client took place. During the meeting the client pointed out what their problem is and was wondering how Happy Folk can help them solve it. From the first meeting, Spine Advice stated that they were having problems regarding their communication with patients. They stated that they had been trying to inform patients about Orthopedic surgery through a brochure before, but it seems that only 20 % of the patients have read and understood the given information. Spine Advice’s director says: “Most patients who haven’t read or understood the given information came back either shocked or with anxiety before the operation”. According to Spine Advice, most patients were shocked or had anxiety before operation because they are affected physically.

Patients cannot visualize the procedure of the operation which they are undergoing. Spine Advice tells the most common surgery fear statement is that people feel out of control. It is not natural to hand our healing over to someone else, even though it’s part of our culture to do so. Deep down, patients get afraid of giving up this innate power to heal themselves. Therefore, it is disconcerting, especially when patients are ‘going under’ (anesthesia). Another common reason which patients get afraid is the risk of death - as we all know; every operation or surgery does have a certain degree of risk. Spine Advice wants to reduce the anxiety and fearfulness of the patients. Therefore, Spine Advice came up with another way to inform patients by means of an animation, because the means previously applied by Spine Advice hadn’t solved the problem. Spine Advice has tried verbal communication before and it hasn’t succeeded. They even tried using visual communication to inform patients with brochures, but it hasn’t succeeded either.

Another reason for creating this project is to save quality time of doctors when a patient is undergoing for a surgery. Usually, doctors provide patients with important information before patients agree with the operation. In this situation, most of the patients don’t exactly understand what is going on or what it is all about. It’s inconvenient for patients and doctors, because this is causing extra time for both doctor and patient instead of starting the procedure of the operation.

Spine Advice is realizing that traditional printed materials like brochures and booklets are not especially helpful to patients’ understanding. Therefore, Spine Advice aims to create a series of digital information modules using animation and multimedia graphics.

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2. MINDMAP To have a successfull approach of the design for the animation, there are some important steps and methods that have to be done according to other design experts that I have encounter with while researching (Arjen, n.d). The first step before starting to design the animaiton is, to create a mindmap. Creating a mindmap gives you the ability to map out all your ideas regarding the project that you are about to accomplished. Mindmap is more like setting up your focus on the topic/subject that your are going to design or create. Here in the picture down below is a mindmap created for the topic animation, which means every requierements of an animation is mapped out in the mindmap. For example to realize an animation contents is a must in the animation in order for the audience to understand what it is about.

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3. REQUIREMENTS This chapter consists of all the requirements that have been found during the research of the project. In the beginning of the design process, Spine Advice has searched for several related animation on the internet regarding the design for the animation. Spine Advice has found other similar animations of hip replacement surgery on the internet. From those animations Spine Advice point out which design they want to avoid in their animation. Therefore, a requirements list is created. Down in the the list below is the requirements list, which Spine Advice suggested to have a clean and simple design. According to Spine Advice there isn’t any hip replacement animation on the internet that has a clean, simple and relaxing style and yet informative of the entire procedure.

Spine Advice wants to give the patient a relaxing feeling to reduce their anxiety or worries before the surgery.

Spine Advice requirements list: • the animation is going to be provided during the consultation, which means it’s not for public.

• the general envirionment of the animation has to give the patient a relaxing/calm feeling.

• using 3D model for accuracy.

• provides corret angle of surgery.

• body has to be anatomicly correct.

• level of details have to be sufficient to avoid confusion.

• no showing blood to avoid intimidation feelings.

• no showing nerves to avoid confusion.

• no showing ligaments to avoid confusion.

• style have to be clean like diagram.

• avoid too realistic bones.

• the animation has to be clean, like minimalism style.

As you can see, here down below are some images of the animations that are analyzed in the Product analysis document. None of the animations have a clean and simple style or design. Most of them are 3D animations, but the design is very different. The first and the second screenshots of the animations seems to be very tense regarding the color and the style of the animations. On the last two images they are more simple, but still too realistic which it leads to confusions and worries. Therefore, the design of the proof of conept has to avaoid these kind of style.

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4. MOOD BOARDS This chapter is about finding visual material to create mood boards for the animation. Here down below is the first mood board about the animation. A mood board is typically a combination of images, fonts, colors, and textures that define the style of the project. It is a tool for creatives and clients to come to an agreement about style. Key points of a moodboard is to set a lay-out, format, color, typography and texture for the project (creatively-daring, 2016).

This is the first mood board that is created to show Spine Advice regarding the environment feeling of the animation how it’s going to be designed. Spine Advice liked how the first mood board is created to have a clean and simple style looking. The mood board keeps the attention on medical education, which the animation is going to be a patient education animation. Furthermore, Spine Advice thinks this moodboard does meet the requirements of reducing the tension while a patient needs to undergo for a surgery.

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Museo Sans Display

Hairline

On the left is another moodboard created by the student for the Orthopedic surgery project. The chosen pictures and elements are going to be explained why they are selected to create the mood board. This mood board consists of pictures, typography and colors. The previous mood board gives a general feeling what the purpose of the animation is about. However, his second mood board is more specify on the content of the animation.

ExtraBlack ExtraLight Black

Light

SURGERY

Orthopedic

#74a0a3

#b7dbe7

#868587

#606060

#af9189

#ddab92 9

The lay-out of the moodboard is different than the common lay-out. Common lay-out such as collages of images doesn’t fit the style or the idea of the design. According to the interview results, the target group thinks simplicity is better to watch than a very crowded view or environment of the animation. Therefore, this lay-out is created with a lot of wide blanc spaces. From the view on the mood board the focus has to land on the center of the mood board. Therefore, the center picture is the core what it represents of the animation is about. The center image is bigger than the ones, which means the story of the topic starts there and then spreading out to the other images that are connected to it.

5. VISUAL MATERIAL BASE ON DESIGN This chapter is about searching for visual material base on design that is similar to the design that the animation is going to have. These visual materials are selected biased on the colors and the style. Each visual material is described on how the style or the colors are related to the animation design.

In the beginning, the idea is to make the surgery educational, therefore the exploded view and diagrams inspire the style of the proof of concept.

On the right side of the page, there is images_D11 of an exploded view electronic. The exploded view style is very popular nowadays, because it offers a total view how an object how it’s assembled. This exploded view is fascinating by each component parting from each other. The important components are labeled with text to explain the functions. This style is going to be used in the animation, because by explaining each part of the body will increase patient’s knowledge of Orthopedic surgery.

Image_D11 (ICOMM 3D Design, 2016)

Image_D12 is an image of a body diagram. A diagram is a symbolic representation of information according to some visualization technique (Eddy MD, 2014). These diagrams are also used for teaching biology in the primary school, which it’s very simple to understand how it consists and meanwhile learning their names and purposes. In the diagram the skin of the body is pale grey white, which the organs are colored. The skin isn’t important to show the real color, because the main point is to focus on the organs. Every organ on the image is labeled with their names. This style is suitable to be used for the animation regarding educating patients about Orthopedic surgery. The organs have semi-realistic colors, because it’s a drawing. These colors give a relaxing feeling, which it doesn’t give tension while looking at them or make the viewer feel uncomfortable. The color use in the diagram enhance the focus point of each organs.

Image_D12 (Anatomybody-charts, 2016) 10

Most medical animations are made in 3D (three dimensional) according to the results from the product analysis and other research of this project. 3D illustrations are more accurate compare to 2D illustrations. A 3D animation is particularly interesting to depict a more realistic look and feel, while 2D animation is more about an abstract visualization of the story. The job is to translate the story into the right design with the right animation technique and with a voice-over (studioanaloog,n.d). Furthermore, 3D illustrations look more realistic with a perspective view or angle. According to the research results, the 3D animation has to be realistic but pleasant to watch. From the survey results during the research there are many people that doesn’t like realistic illustrations, because they will feel unpleasant such as the blood and . From the interviews, some interviewee also say they feel unpleasant about realistic illustrations, but cartoonish illustrations also make it inattentive or unattractive to watch. Therefore, the visual material base on design has to be 3D realistic model, but yet pleasant to watch.

Here on the left side of the page there is a series of images which they are from an animation from Hip Anatomy Animated Tutorial by Randale Sechrest. This is that kind design that the animation is going to have. It’s a three-dimensional animation, which means the model of the body and bones are rotatable in three dimensional. Furthermore, the design of the 3D model looks similar to a real bone but yet not fully that the viewer feels unpleasant. The animation is very clean and clear to watch what the animation is about.

The colors of these images are soft and light, which it gives a calm feeling to the audience.

In the first image, the color of the skin is like yellowish-orange that is close to beige or others called it “champagne” color. This color is similar to average realistic skin color. The skin of the body on the image is semi-transparent, which it’s see through to the inside of the body.

3D graphic gives the opportunity to see the depth of field, which a 3D body can consists of multiple 3D objects (layers). In this image, the body has obviously two layers of 3D objects such as the skin and the skeleton. Therefore, when the skin is semi-transparent you can see the skeleton. The background color of other images on the right of the page is a soft gradient blue/greyish color with a white pattern sheet. All those colors are soft/tinted colors in order to decrease the tension of the audience. Furthermore, the are shadows on the bones which makes the 3D model looks old. Therefore, for the animation hard shadows are avoided in order to have clean and elegant look.

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Image V1 - Series of Hip Anatomy animation (Hutt S, 2013)

Image_D13 (EAU, 2016)

In the image on the top right side of the page is a 2D illustration of the kidneys. This 2D illustration is a flat drawing similar to the image of the diagram, but it looks very realistic. Base on the color use and the details of the cutting liver. This style of design is what the target group is looking for according to their opinions from the research in the target group analysis. The target group is looking forward to an animation that looks realistic but pleasant to watch. The proof of concept is going to be in this style of design (2D), but it requires a lot of drawings. According to Mark Tamea an Art director, a 2D illustration like this requires a lot of time to draw and to have the perfect realistic shape (Mark Tamea, meeting, 17 December 2016). Furthermore, the proof of concept is about visualizing a surgery. This means, if the animation is going to be a 2D animation it requires many illustrations. Each illustration like this cost between three hundred to five hundred euros, which there will be hundreds of drawings required for an animation. The cost to create the animation will be up to thousands of euros, which it’s too expensive for just an animation. The illustrator has to draw the image in several angles to have a clear view how the surgery is going to be performed, which it’s a lot of work. Therefore, 2D illustration is not a good option for medical animation such as explaining a hip replacement surgery. Therefore, 3D animation is the best choice for medical animation because it’s one model of a body for the hip replacement surgery.

The color of the hip bone in Image_D14 is very yellowish, which it does look realistic. The shadows on the hip bone gives a little enhancement on the depth of field. This kind of design or style is what the animation is going to have. The style is very clean and simple, which there isn’t any texture on the bones but only one color. The lighting in the image is actually very important, because if it has bad lighting the design and look would be different.

Image_D14 (BoneSmart, n.d)

Down in the image below in the corner is an illustration of an artificial hip called “prosthesis”. This design of the visual material look realistic based on the color of the material. There is also another color as soft pink in the artificial hip. This color is soft/tinted color, which is not bright or pure dark color to give tension to the viewer. The soft color does seem like it’s an artificial component, but still unidentified which kind material. Therefore, color use in this case is to indicate that it’s artificial instead of realistic.

Image_D14 (BoneSmart, n.d)

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6. DESIGN PROCESS This chapter is about the design of the animation, which includes the artificial hip, the body, opening the muscles, laying position and the icons. All the design process is going to be explained in detail and shown by several drastically changes of the design. There are many design changes and try-outs, which only a few of them are selected in order to show the big changes.

6.1 The artificial hip

The artificial hip is called in medical term as “the prosthesis”, which means an artificial body part. Designing the prosthesis is to no other than having a correct shape like the real one. In order to make a correct and accurate shape of the prosthesis. The prosthesis is photographed in order to trace the accurate shape.

In image_D13 is the image that is used to trace the shape of the prosthesis. To start the design or modeling the student create the prosthesis in a very simple low polygon. The low polygon model looks like an object of a video game. This style is not realistic and doesn’t fit the style of the animation. Therefore, the next step is to shape the model accurately like the real one and make it more realistic. In image 2, the model is well shaped, accurate enough to the realistic one and the colors are also similar. However, this style is too realistic and can lead to patient’s concern about the material or other related questions.

Furthermore, Spine Advice doesn’t want any object to have a realistic style in the animation, because it may cause unnecessary assumptions and confusions.

The design continues till the artificial hip has a plastic style.

In image 3 the model looks very plastic like, because of the shiny and glossy style. Therefore, patients may question if it’s breakable. The glossiness is too specific, which people can relate a glossy look to a specific material such as marbles, etc. In the next image 4, the model has a better look of design, but it’s too dark which the design has to be soft and clean. After all, the design has come to a final shape of the artificial hip. Simple colors are applied to each component to differentiate the components. These colors are used in order to show it’s an artificial object, but it doesn’t specify the material of the prosthesis as shown in image 5. Hereby, patients can ask the doctor about further information on the details of the artificial hip if interested. The color pink is chosen, because psychologically pink is sign of hope. It’s a positive color inspiring warm and comforting feelings, a sense that everything well be good. Pink calms and reassures emotional energies, alleviating feelings of anger, aggression, resentment, abandonment and neglect. The color pink puts people in touch with the nurturing side of themselves, through either the need to receive or the need to give, nurturing and tender loving care (Empower your self with color psychology, 2017). Like mentioned before, with a realistic look it may raise up concerns and unnecessary questions. In the last image, there is another part of the prosthesis is created, demanded by Spine Advice regarding the accuracy of the realistic prosthesis. That component is the pale greyish part on top of the prosthesis. Other colors are not use, because the prosthesis will be too colorful. Therefore, the color pale greyish is used to show there is another component.

Process design of prosthesis

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6.2 The body

This paragraph is about the process designing the body based on the skin color, the lighting and the shadows. This is the original 3D body model that Spine Advice has bought online from the website Turbosquid to be used in the animation. The body is anatomically approved by Spine Advice, which the body includes muscles, skeleton and ligaments. Other body parts such as nerves and blood vessels are unnecessary to have in the body, because the main parts are the skin, muscles and the bones.

As you can see on the right image, the model comes with a blue semi-transparent color. Blue color means loyalty, trust, responsibility and honesty. Psychologically blue is reliable and responsible.

However, blue also means cool which it reminds people of water, ice and sky. This color of the skin is not realistic; therefore, it has to be changed into a similar realistic color such as yellowish or beige.

The skin color isn’t very important, but to keep up with the consistency of the style of semi-realistic of the animation. The body comes with a texture on the muscles, which it does look semi-realistic and pleasant to watch. The muscles are not very important in the animation, therefore the texture or the color of the muscles don’t have to be changed. There is only one part that the muscles are going to be shown, which is the part about the incision and parting the muscles. This part is going to be last for only a few seconds, which it’s unnecessary to be changed.

Hereby, on the next page there is a sequence of images of the process designing the skin color.

By having a correct skin color and lighting it requires multiple changes and renders. This sequence of images of the process is a small part of the process that the changes are easily seen. In the first image the skin color is like beige color, toned down to make it soft or tinted. Furthermore, the skin has a very low opacity, which means the transparency is very high so the bones and the muscles are visible through the skin. It’s very tricky to modify the opacity of the skin, because the skin has to be transparent, but yet slightly visible of the outline so people can notice it’s the skin of the body.

Image_D15 3D Body includes muscles, skeleton and ligaments

In the second image the color of the skin is changing into a more realistic skin color like a rose-beige color. As the images are shown in the beginning the colors are very dark, which it doesn’t look clean and simple. Dark colors have to be avoided and therefore the process continues to lighten the color by adding additional lights to the model. In the next image number 3, the body color is lighter, because of the lights. But the skin looks too glossy and therefore it has to be toned down again. In image 4 and 5, the skin color is changed again into more yellowish-beige. Furthermore, in image 6 the bones or the skeleton has a very hard shadow on the left pelvis. The shadow creates a different feeling and style on the bone, which it seems like it’s a dead or unhealthy bone. Therefore, assumption has to be avoided as much as possible regarding the understanding of the viewer. Positioning or styling the light is going to be further explained in the chapter of Production about how and which lights are used. As final the skin color is decided and the lighting is also placed correctly, which no hard shadows are shown on the model. There is only soft shadows on the edges of the bones, which this effect indicates the depth of field and the shape of the bone. The opacity of the skin color is still low, but noticeable. The last two images of the sequence of process are the final solid color that is selected for the skin which it’s like soft beige/champagne and the last image has the final value of the opacity. This style creates a very soft and calm feeling while looking at the image.

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Design process of the body by color and lighting rendered in 3Ds Max.

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This paragraph is explaining the process design of the opening muscles that is going to be operated. Here above there are 3 different try-out/renders of different styles of the incision and opening the muscles. In the first renders, the design is more with fading effect on the skin and muscles to the hip joint. This style is very abrupt, which it seems like the doctor is going to cut a hole in your body to do the operation. This kind of design is not accurate on how the incision and the muscles are going to be cut. Therefore, the second row of renders from above doesn’t have a cutting scene or opening muscles. All other muscles are invisible and then only the muscle that is going to be cut remains while others fade away. The remaining muscle doesn’t look good, because it’s very unnatural to leave one piece of muscle on the display and it seems like there is a missing part in between. Therefore, as last the opening of the muscles is developed to be more like a realistic parting muscles. The incision is more precisely and small compare to the first try-out. The opening starts from the skin fades slowly away to the muscles and revealing the hip joint. The position and the length of the incision is approved by Spine Advice.

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6.4 Lateral decubitis position

The lateral decubitis position is a lying position while having a hip replacement surgery. Medical professionals use these terms to describe the position of a patient. The patient is lying on the right side of the body while having the surgery. In the beginning of the design process, Spine Advice requires to have this lying position in the animation, but they didn’t specify how exactly it has to be. After some research, “lateral decubitis” is a position lying on the right or the left side of the body depending on which hip has to be replaced. In order to make sure on the correct position, the lying position is tested by the student and the manager of Happy Folk.

Designing the lying position starts out with positioning and creating movement of the leg and arms. On the left side of the page there are four selected steps of the design process from the beginning to the final result. In the first image, it shows how the design starts on creating the view and the movement of the leg. To review the short movement of the first design, watch the attached short clip in the chapter of Appendix. As you can see, in the beginning there isn’t any design of the bed. The “bed” is a simple plane created in order to have a better view on the movement and the lying position.

The bed is simple created like it’s shown on the last image of the four steps. The bed is not created with details, because there are several types of medical/surgery beds available. According to Spine Advice, some of these beds even have clams and belts to hold the body in position. This style of design is to make sure the patients do understand the position of the body for the surgery. Some other details are unnecessary for a patient to know. The bed is created exactly like the same drawing as shown in image_D17. Spine Advice provide the image later in the design process to assure the lying position is medically correct.

The style of the bed is created as minimalism as explained, which the color use is soft. The color is white and grey in order to avoid distraction of the audience.

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Image_D17 Lateral decubitis from Spine Advice

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6.5 Icons Besides of the 3D model, there are also icons created in the animation in order to increase the understanding of Orthopedic surgery. These icons are flat design, which they don’t fit in the design of a 3D animation. In order to enhance the flat icons, there are shadows created in the icons as shown below to make the icons look similar to 3D style. The colors of the icons are very soft, which these colors give a relaxing feeling to watch. Further color details are explained in chapter 11 of Style guide. The design of the icons is simple and clean based on the white outlines.

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7. CONCEPT/ SCRIPT/ SCENARIO This paragraph is about writing the script for the proof of concept. A script is a “must” have according to the MoSCoW requirements list from the product analysis results, because most of the medical animation has a storyline or message behind it. The storyline is actually the script, which it’s told by a narrator.

Every analyzed hip replacement surgery animation from the research has a storyline, which it explains the steps of the surgery. The proof of concept is about increasing patient’s knowledge, which the animation cannot be created without a voice-over. The voice-over is the narrated script that is going to be used in the animation. It’s difficult to educate patients by only providing illustrations without an explanation.

According to American Medical Association and AMA Foundation research, many people have limited health literacy. Health literacy means the level of capacity of understanding and process health information in order to make health decisions (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2000).

Many people have trouble reading and understanding health information, especially when it is explained in a technical, unfamiliar terms. Therefore, researchers recommend that health information must be viewed from the context of language and culture (Barry, D., Weiss, MD., 2007). Surgeons should be mindful to communicate on the level of the patient, which means the surgeon should be speaking on a simple native language so the patient can easily understand. Surgeons should avoid long phrases that have figurative meanings from the literal definition and use particular vocabulary that is common in cultures and countries. For example, “feeling blue”. In some further research, they found out that medical jargon should be avoided and use simple pictures instead of complexed images to explain health information. Surgeons should focus more on given health information about what the patient should do and other unnecessary information should be ignored (Barry, D., Weiss, MD., 2007).

The content of the animation has to be limited and focused on the most important things a patient needs to know to undergo a hip replacement surgery (Barry, D., Weiss, MD., 2007). Therefore, AMA Foundation has found an effective tool called “Ask-Me-3” to improve health communication between patients and providers. This tool encourages patients and families to ask three specific questions of their providers to better understand their health conditions and what they need to do to stay healthy (National Patient Safety Foundation, n.d). These three questions are the most important questions for patients. The answers of these questions are exactly the most important information or content that a patient must know. Therefore, this communication tool is applied in order to define the exact information that should be provided in the animation. The questions are shown in image_B01.

Image_B01 (Barry, D., Weiss, MD., 2007)

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From the target group analysis, there are requirements which the script has to follow. The target group requires to have a structural story which is spoken on common level of communication in the proof of concept regarding the understanding. Therefore, the script has to be written in short phrases on a common level of communication without any medical jargon. From the story the steps have to be clearly shown how the procedure is going to be held. Spine Advice has made a milestone script based on several hip replacement surgery animations that they have found on the internet. To have an overview on the milestone script review it in the appendix. From the product analysis result, it shows many hip replacement surgery is divided into three sessions of information. These three sessions of information are: the preoperative (before surgery), procedure and the recovery and they are found in the milestone script that Spine Advice has provided. Furthermore, here down below is the MoSCoW list of the product analysis results which the script has to be followed.

From the test result of the moving storyboard, it turns out that patients do require these three information sessions as the most important content for the animation. This information are the headlines, which it covers the entire process of the surgery. Therefore, the script is also written according to these requirements that are found during the research of this project. The animation will start with some information about the before surgery then follow by an introduction about the hip replacement, then the procedure and the do’s and don’ts for the precautions. The recovery session of the do’s and don’ts could be removed, because not everyone has the same recovery system and the recovery isn’t sufficient to be displays in several sentences.

MoSCoW requirement list:

Must have • Introduction of the animation • Structural story • Dividing session in the story • Common level of communication • Short phrases • Non medical jargon • None-blood graphic • Realistic textures (pleasant) • Anatomicly accurate • Light color use • Active voice-over • Clear pronounciation • Displays medical terms (graphical elements) • Timing effect • Clean background

Should have • Non-disturbing background music • Three dimensional (3D) graphic • Perspective view • Emphasize effect on important moment • Diagram style Could have • Surgery tools • Sound effect Won’t or would have in the future • Full anatomiclly education

Product analysis results 20

Here down below is the script of the proof of concept written by the student, because Spine Advice has not provided the correct script yet. The script is sent to Spine Advice to be approved, meanwhile the manager of Happy Folk already checked and approved to be the first draft of the proof of concept.

Script_Version_1: Patient Education Hip Replacement Surgery Before your procedure, you will receive IV fluids, antibiotics, and medication to help you relax.

A catheter will be inserted into your bladder to drain your urine.

Hip replacement are done under general anesthesia in which case a tube will be inserted in your throat to help you breath during the operation.

Since fluid and blood loss can be significant, banked blood will be prepared in case you require a transfusion.

Your hip consists of two main parts that fit together like a ball and socket.

The femoral head at the top of the leg and the acetabulum in your pelvis.

A total hip replacement is usually done when severe damage from arthritis or injury has made it difficult to perform daily activities.

An artificial hip prosthesis consists of a cup called the Acetabular component and a metal stem called the femoral component.

During the procedure, the femoral head and the acetabulum are replaced with an artificial component called a prosthesis.

Your surgeon will begin by making an incision through the upper thigh and then parting the muscle and ligaments to expose the joint capsule.

After incising the capsule, the surgeon will dislocate the femoral head from the acetabulum.

The surgeon will remove any damaged cartilage or bone from the acetabulum, reshape the acetabular socket and secure the acetabular prosthesis in place using special cement or screws.

Turning next to the femur the surgeon will remove the femoral head, shape the remaining femur to fit the prosthetic stem and secure the femoral component using cement or other techniques.

Once both components are fully in place the surgeon will slide the prosthetic femoral head into the acetabular component and test the movement of the new hip joint to verify that it is correctly placed.

The surgeon will then close the joint capsule, repair the muscles and place a drain in your hip to remove the excess fluid and close the incision with stitches or staples.

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This is the second version of the script, which the third sentence is changed. The sentence was “Hip replacement are done under general anesthesia in which case a tube will be inserted in your throat to help your breath during the operation.” and shorten to be “Hip replacement are done under general anesthesia.”.

The last part of the sentence from “.....in which case a tube will be inserted in your throat to help you breath during the operation.” is removed, because it’s difficult to illustrate how the tube is being inserted in the throat. In order to illustrate this part, it has to be accurate same as other situation in the animation, because it’s an educational animation. Furthermore, after the test phase the script is divided into two parts; the introduction and the procedure. The script starts with the before procedure and then follow by a short introduction how the hip is going to be replaced. If the script remains as it is like a full story, it’s confusing to the audience and therefore breaking it into two separate chapter the story becomes clearer.

Script_Version_2: Patient Education Hip Replacement Surgery Before your procedure, you will receive IV fluids, antibiotics, and medication to help you relax.

A catheter will be inserted into your bladder to drain your urine.

Hip replacement are done under general anesthesia.

Your hip consists of two main parts that fit together like a ball and socket.

The femoral head at the top of the leg and the acetabulum in your pelvis.

A total hip replacement is usually done when severe damage from arthritis or injury has made it difficult to perform daily activities.

Part 1 Introduction

An artificial hip prosthesis consists of a cup called the Acetabular component and a metal stem called the femoral component.

During the procedure, the femoral head and the acetabulum are replaced with an artificial component called a prosthesis.

Your surgeon will begin by making an incision through the upper thigh and then parting the muscle and ligaments to expose the joint capsule.

After incising the capsule, the surgeon will dislocate the femoral head from the acetabulum.

The surgeon will remove any damaged cartilage or bone from the acetabulum, reshape the acetabular socket and secure the acetabular prosthesis in place using special cement or screws.

Turning next to the femur the surgeon will remove the femoral head, shape the remaining femur to fit the prosthetic stem and secure the femoral component using cement or other techniques.

Once both components are fully in place the surgeon will slide the prosthetic femoral head into the acetabular component and test the movement of the new hip joint to verify that it is correctly placed.

The surgeon will then close the joint capsule, repair the muscles and place a drain in your hip to remove the excess fluid and close the incision with stitches or staples.

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Part 2 The procedure

8. LOW-END STORYBOARD The storyboard is about showing the key scenes of the animation are going to have in order to have a structural story and sequence illustrations. Like mentioned before that Spine Advice has provided a milestone script and this is the first draft of the storyboard made by the student base on the milestone script. This first draft storyboard is approved directly by Spine Advice, which means the contents and the illustration are correctly. There are some small changes that are shown, which those information is doubled.

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Sketch storyboard This is another low-end storyboard sketched out by the student. This storyboard provides a structural sequence and content of the hip replacement procedure.

1

2

3

A body is shown on the right side while the narrator is explaining the preoperative for the surgery Effect: The icons fade in while they are being mentioned. The body is rotating like a diagram on the right.

The body turns 360 degree view.

5

6

The socket that is being damaged is causing the hip replacement surgery. The medical name of the damaged part is shown with a graphical element (line).

Effect: Camera will zoom into the damaged socket and medical names fade in.

An explanation on the femoral head that is being damaged.

Patient Education Hip Replacement Surgery

by Spine Advice

Title of the subject and name of the company name is displayed.

Effect: The titles fade in.

4

An introduction about the hip area that is going to be operated. Medical names will be displayed graphical element as a line.

Effect: The camera will zoom into the hip and the medical terms fade in when they are being mentioned.

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Effect: a full 360 degree of rotation of the body.

Effect: Medical name fades in.

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8

9

This is the artificial hip components. It shows how the artificial hip consists of 2 parts of the acetabulum and the prosthesis.

Effect: The artificial hip will fade in as one component then break apart.

The artificial hip components is being placed in position of the hip.

Effect: The body fades in, then the artificial hip fades into the bone to show exactly where it’s placed.

It shows where the incision is made. The line of the incision fades in to indicate where the incision will take place.

Effect: The text “incision’ fades in to tell the audience that is an incision.

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The hip is being dislocated from the pelvis.

Effect: Hip will move to the side and the text of “Hip dislocation” fades in.

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12

The femoral head is being cut off in order to place the hip components.

Effect: Camera from the previous scene will zoom into the femoral head. The text “Femur osteotomy” fades in.

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The artificial hip compnent is placed in the femur.

Effect: The artificial hip fades into the femur and the medical term will fade in.

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15

The hip is shown that the cup is being inserted into the hip/socket.

To assure the prosthesis is being placed correctly by making movement of the femur.

Effect: The cup fades in first then the text “ Cup replacment fade in.

Effect: The femur with the prosthesis is moving and rotating gently.

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The incision is being closed by stitches or staples.

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Showing the precautions of the surgery so patient can be aware to take care of their hip.

Effect: Stitches are fading in slowly.

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A full view of the body that shows the prosthesis is in position. To verify the prosthesis is placed correctly the doctor will adjust and check the balance of the hip.

9. LOOK AND FEEL Look and feel is a term used in respect of a graphical user interface and comprises aspects of its design, including elements such as colors, shapes, layout, and typefaces (the “look”), as well as the behavior of dynamic elements such as buttons, boxes, and menus (the “feel”) (Jensen K, 2013).

The look and feel of the proof of concept has to be simple and clean looking. The style has to give an educational look, which audience feels calm and reduce anxiety. These images are screenshots of the try-outs of the proof of concept. There are three screenshots, which the first one is the draft and the second and third one are the final look and feel how it has to be.

The first image is the first draft of the proof of concept. In the first image, there is a lay-out, which there are two bars one on top and one at the bottom of the frame. This lay-out is chosen, because it gives a focus in the center of the frame and it looks more for medical use.

The arms are shown for orientation of the body, which it’s later removed in the final animation.

The arms were a bit distracting and therefore they are removed. The colors are very soft, which they give a friendly feeling to the audience. The background color grey doesn’t distract the audience and the color blue is the only accent color that is used in the animation.

Image_D23

The look and feel of the first style gives more like a medical environment while the final style looks very more educational like a diagram. The bars of the lay-out are deleted, in order to have a larger frame instead of a cropped frame.

Image_D24

Image_D25 29

10. HIGH-END STORYBOARD There is no recovery information provided at the end of the animation like the target group required, because each person has a different recovery sytem which general recovery information isn’t sufficient to be explained. The best thing the patient could do is to ask the doctor for after surgery information.

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2

3

Title of the animation and the company name is displayed.

Information about before the procedure is being provided and displayed with icons.

The starting of part 1 Introduction

Effect: the titles fades out to the next scene.

Effect: the texts of the icons have a wipe reveal effect, which it’s syncronyzed with the narrator and all fades away to the next scene.

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5

6

Introducing the hip joint and medical terms.

Damaged hip is shown how this is causing artiritis.

Effect: medical terms fade in syncronization with the voice-over.

The artificial hip is being explained how it consists into two parts.

Effect: the damaged texture on the bone fades in, then zoomed in and slightly rotate to the side.

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Effect: the titles fades out to the next scene.

Effect: the component separeted from the prosthesis and the medical terms fade in.

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8

9

The hip is shown how the hip joint is replaced with the prosthesis.

Starting of part 2 The procedure.

The body is lying on the lateral decubitis position.

Effect: the titles fades out to the next scene.

Effect: the camera moves from the front to the side of the body.

Effect: the replaced hip joint rotates to the side and the text fades in.

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12

11

The incision is show where it’s going to be.

Parting the muscles to operate the hip joint.

The hip is being dislocated.

Effect: the dotted lines goes from the left to the right.

Effect: the skin layer fades slowly away to the muscles and then fades away to the hip joint.

Effect: the femur slight away from the skeleton then the texture in the socjet fades away. The medical terms fades in sycronization with the voice-over.

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13

The socket is being replaced by the components.

Effect: the components fade in slowly.

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15

Explaining how the components are being placed in the socket.

Explaining the medical terms of each part of the bone (femur) that is going to be replaced.

Effect: both components from the scene slide into the socket and medical term fades in.

Effect: medical terms fade in.

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18

Removing the damaged femoral head.

The prosthesis is inserted into the femur.

The femoral head is replaced by the prosthesis.

Effect: the damgaged femoral head fades away.

Effect: the prosthesis fades in on top of the bone.

Effect: the prosthesis slides from the top into the femur and medical terms fade in.

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The artificial hip is being explained how it consists into two parts.

Testing the new hip joint.

Closing the incision of the muscles.

Effect: the femur with the new hip joint rotates slowly, then fades out to the next scene.

Effect: the muscle fades out of the cut untill it covers the hip joint.

Effect: the component separeted from the prosthesis and the medical terms fade in.

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Closing the incision of the skin.

Effect: the skin fades out of the cut untill it’s fully covered.

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A message to tell the patient to ask the doctor for recovery information.

Effect: the text fades in.

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11. STYLE GUIDE This chapter is going to describe the style of the animation, which includes the color use, typography and graphical elements. Each paragraph will be in details explained why and how the design choices are made.

11.1 Color

Colors can affect people’s feeling and mood. According to Spine Advice and the target group requirements from the research results, the animation must reduce the stress and anxiety of a patient. The main object in the animation is the 3D body including muscles and skeleton. From the previous chapter the body has a neutral color, which the colors are similar to realism but softer.

According to the color wheel from Coshedule, colors can be divided into four categories which are shades, tones, pure and tints. As it shows most of the colors on the 3D body are tints colors. When white is added to a pure color, it becomes a tint. Some people refer to these as pastel colors. They are lighter and paler than a pure color, and not as intense (Coschedule, 2016). Therefore, the color palette for the animation is suitable to use tints colors. Tints colors are range from slightly whiter to almost-white. For this animation, pure colors or other categories of colors are not suitable to the style that Spine Advice wants to achieve such as simple, clean and calm. By using other colors in the animation, it might cause confusion to the patient, therefore the color palette has to be limited and tints.

The animation is based on educating patients about Orthopedic surgery.

Therefore, there has to be an accent color in order to attract and increase the attention. The accent color are colors that are used for emphasis in a color scheme (Abe Abbas, 2017). These colors are mostly used to emphasize, create contrast and rhythm. Therefore, more toned down colors can use darker and brighter color as accent color.

Image_D33 from (Coshedule, 2016)

The subject of the animation is about medical health care, which usually the color blue is used in this field. Blue is usually known for trust and dependability. It’s reliable responsible and mentally soothing. Therefore, the accent color is a mix between blue and green color blue. On the next page, there are several color pallets that have been selected in order to create the correct combination of the color use.

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#606061

#796f5f

#a9a9a9

#d4d4d4

#74a0a3

This is the color palette that is going to be used in the animation.

The colors are mostly neutral, but with one accent color. There are many try-outs on colors regarding the bakcground and text color.

After many try-outs, the color palette is created by the student that meets the clean, simple style of a diagram that Spine Advice and the target group require.

The background color is grey, which grey is a neutral color and it doesn’t distract the audience or to feel tense while watching the animation. The background color has to brings out the contrast of the 3D body parts in the animation. Other colors are also tested such as white, but white confronts the color of the bones. Here on the left there are two images, one with grey and other with bluegreen background. The one with the accent color draws too much attention to the background instead of focusing on the body. The other one looks very clean and doesn’t increase the tension on the background. The grey is a neutral color, which it makes the eyes relax and focus on the object.

Screenshot_006

The colors of the color palette seems to be darker than the colors on the exported images, but the value of the colors are the same.

Like mentioned before the animation is created in 3Ds Max which lights are affecting the color of the background. The background color is lighter while exporting the renders.

For the graphical elements and the medical terms are using accent color as shown in image_007., like mentioned before the accent color is to attract and emphsis. Therefore, the The black color is avoided and it’s replaced by a dark brown color in the color palette. This dark brown color is used to show the titles in the animation. On the next page there are two images, one with dark brown text and other with black text. Black text give a very serious tension feeling while reducing the pure black color is more relaxed to read.

Screenshot_007 35

Try-out with black text.

Try-out with dark brown text.

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Screenshot_06

Screenshot_07

Here down below is the texture of a damaged bone. The color of the texture is too realistic on the first image, but after retouch in photoshop the colors become softer and less distration. Image_DT02, shows how the hard edge of the original texture softened. After applying the texture on the bone in 3Ds Max it looks different. The lights in 3Ds Max affect the colors of the texture, which it softened the colors. The texture is only visible for several seconds of time, which the audience wouldn’t be able to notice or to feel disguised and unpleasant.

Original texture

Modified texture

Texture on bone

Image_DT01

Image_DT02 36

Image_DT03

11.2 Typography

Selecting the correct typography for medical use is not an easy task. It’s very complex, because it’s for medical use which means the typeface has to be clean and clear enough for everyone to read especially for the target group which are seniors from 60 years old or older. There are in total of five categories of typefaces; Geometric, Humanist, Old Style, Transitional, Modern and Slab Serif (Dan Mayer, 2010). From these five categories, Humanist typeface is suitable for medical use. From the research, it seems like the category of Humanist fits the best for medical uses. Humanist type faces are derived from handwritten. It’s a very simple, clean, elegant and modern but still retain something inescapably human in their root (Dan Mayer, 2010). This type face is very popular nowadays, especially for the elegant and modern look. Therefore, for medical use the most important point is to keep it simple but still attractive and readable. From the research, there are two types of fonts that seems to be suitable of the animation which are the Museo Sans (Cond) and Macha. Museo Sans seems to be the best typography to be used in the animation, because of the thickness of the font. Museo Sans has five font families, which Macha has four. The thickness of Macha type face is too thin to be readable on the screen, however Museo Sans has a proper thickness as regular font family.

Furthermore, the Museo Sans typography is tested by the target group which they didn’t give any negative feedback. This means the typography is decent to read. On the next page, there are the font families that are used in the animation.

Museo Sans Bold

The Prosthesis

Regular

Femur Italic

Macha

Bold

The prosthesis

Regular

Femur

Italic

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Animation title Museo Sans Cond 500 105pt horizontal scale 114%

Animation sub title Museo Sans 700 70pt Caps

Sub title Museo Sans 500 67pt

Medical terms Museo Sans 300 45pt

Patien..

PART 1...

The Pro...

Acetabulum ...

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11.3 Graphical elements

This paragraph is about the graphical elements that are used in the animation. As know, the animation style is based on the style of a diagram. This means text as medical terms are going to be labeled in order to increase the knowledge of hip replacement surgery. Therefore, graphical elements are used to define medical terms of the body parts and artificial components. A line is the first choice to be tested, because other element such as dotted line is too difficult to see. However, a simple line is solid and its popular used to point out the definition of an object.

According to Universal Principles of Design, the Gestalt principle of closure states to tend to perceive a set of individual elements as a single, recognizable pattern, rather than multiple, individual parts. Therefore, using closure effectively decreases complexity by reducing elements to the fewest possible parts needed to complete an object.

The line is simple which the text will fill in the missing parts to create a whole piece. In order to achieve this principle, is to use the negative and positive space.

There are four style of the graphical elements design process: • style 1: it’s too simple and doesn’t achieve the Gestalt principle. It looks like two separate pieces instead of an entire piece. (Image_D41) • style 2: it’s too crowded too have a rectangle and a line to show one word. (Image_D41) • style 3: this style is different, because two circles are added in the beginning of the line. These circles are like a target symbol, which it’s compatible to use and to define which part exactly the medical term belongs to. On image_D42, the graphical element is not fully visible.

• style 4: this style is similar to style 3 but without the outer circle. It’s visible on the object and it does meets the Gestalt principle of closure. The medical term is positioned slightly above the line to indicate the name of the dotted area or component.

Graphical element styles :

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Femur

1

Femur

2

Femur

3

Femur

4

1

2

Image_D41

3

4

Image_D42 40

12. PRODUCTION This chapter is about the production of the animation. In this chapter, the principles of animation are going to be explained in order to create a successful animation. Furthermore, other production components such as which software are going to be used, background music, voice-over, lights, frames etc.

12.1 Software To start with the production of the animation several software are chosen to be used to create the animation. First of all, the animation is in 3D, which the 3D model of the body is created in the software od Autodesk called “3Ds Max”. This software is chosen, because like mentioned before the model is bought by Spine Advice and this model is created in 3Ds Max. This model is the most convenient one to work with, because it’s the most economically compare to other 3D models created in other 3D software. Furthermore, the student is familiar with this software, because the software is taught by the HAN University during the course of Game. The art director of Happy Folk is also familiar with this software and therefore 3Ds Max is chosen to be the 3D software to work with.

However, there are still other 3D software available such as Maya, Zbrush and Blender. The model that Spine Advice bought can be imported into those 3D software, but some settings will be changed and errors might be occurred. By using other software will cost time to learn the settings and function, which time is limited for this project.

In the software of 3Ds Max, animation can be created instead of using other animation software such as Adobe After Effect. All the movement such as camera movement and motion effect of the body are created and keyed up in 3Ds Max itself. Each key scenes are rendered (exported) in the 3D software to avoid overloading of key movements. After exporting the scenes, these files are imported into another Adobe software called “Premiere”, which it’s a video editing software.

12.2 Video formats Spine Advice doesn’t have a video format yet, which it’s going to be created by the student. Video format is not just about the file format that is going to be exported, but it’s about the concept of branding of a video-format, like a template (Ellis J, 2013). The template is repeatable and exportable that can generate multiple episodes in a multitude of markets: for instance, the house style and the graphic style that will be used in the video. There are two style of video formats that is mentioned in the chapter of Look and feel. Furthermore, according to Studioi Post animation video requires a high quality of render, which is on a format of Full HD (1920px1080p). Nowadays, most screen formats are HD, therefore HD is the best resolution for the animation. The video animation is going to be rendered in the following specifications: .MP4, H.264, 16.9 of aspect ratio (Studio Post. 2016). Furthermore, all scenes are exported as AVI file format from the 3D software, which AVI format is very large. AVI stands for Audio Video Interleaved. AVI is a video and audio file format used to store audio and/or video information digitally for playback purposes. AVI format enjoys built-in support in all the Microsoft’s Windows platform. Apart from Windows OS, AVI format is supported by all the major platforms. In real, AVI is works as a container to hold videos and audios created and compressed using several codecs like DivX and XviD (Bytescout, 2014).

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12.3 Voice -over From the research result, it seems like the target group requires an active voice-over instead of a monotonous voice or a robotic voice. A robotic voice is unnatural to hear when it comes to educating. Therefore, human voice is used in the animation so the target group will feel like the doctor is talking to them.

In addition, the Art director of Happy Folk narrates the voice-over of the animation. This voice-over is more like a guide how the animation will be. Later, the voice-over can be narrated by a professional with an active voice like the target group requires.

12.4 Background music According to the requirements of the product analysis, having a background music in the animation is not a “must” have in the MoSCoW list. It’s optional, but by adding a background music it does increase the attention and decrease the tensions of the audience. Based on the test results, many patients feel calm and increase the encourage with the background music that is used in the animation. The background music is only instruments music, which it sounds friendly and calm. The background music is free downloaded from Orangefreesounds website, created by Alexander Blu. The song is called “After midnight”, which it consists of a downtempo chill out electro beat, ambient piano and synth pads sounds (Alexander Blu, 2017). The song sounds active, but still calm and draws attention of the audience.

12.5 Production as media This paragraph will describe how the animation is created based on media production principles. This animation is not a common animation, but more like a film and there are principles in order to create a successful film. By shooting a film cameras are the most important tool that has to be used in order to make interesting scenes. In the 3Ds Max software, camera can be created which it’s like from a real camera view. There are several types of camera, which for the animation “target camera’ is used in order to target on a specific area. This camera is locked to the position of the target point. The camera is needed in order to have different movement of the view such as flying over the body. By adding the camera, it gives more control on the view instead of exporting scene randomly on a default view of 3Ds Max render. The camera stays in the same position while the position of the body can be changed or rotated, but the frame of the view remains the same. Here down below is a screenshot of the interface of 3Ds Max in production of the animation, which there are 4 views available. The camera view/frame is the one on the left down corner, which remains the same when the body is repositioned. As you can see in the right down corner view of the image, the camera is blue and its target on the hip area.

Image_D50 Camera position 42

12.6 Composing the frame Composing or staging the frame is one of the principles of animation. According to the literature of Making Media by Jan Roberts-Breslin and Universal Principles of Design, the rule of third is a very common principle that is used in visual composition. It describes an approach to effective composition where rectangular frame is divided into thirds both vertically and horizontally. The intersections of these lines define powerful locations within the frame. Using the grid lines defined by the rule of thirds as a guide for placing subjects and objects encourages the viewer’s eyes to move through the frame, creating dynamic energy within the image. When the subject is placed on one of the lines of thirds can be balanced symmetrically or asymmetrically. The image down below is how the principle of the rule of third is applied to one of the frames of the animation. The artificial hip is placed in the intersection of the lines, which the attention of the eyes of the audience are drawn into that point.

Image_D51 Rule of third 12.7 Shot sizes Shot sizes are what is captured as an image within the frame, decisions about making the size of the subject within the frame and how much of the subject shall be shown. The animation consists most long shot and medium close up shots. The long shot means a wide shot just enough to show subject’s full body, which it shows in image_D52 Long shot. The medium close up shot, is the mostly used shot in the animation. With this medium close up shot, important part that are enhance attract the attention of the audience, like it’s shown on image_D53 Medium close up shot.

Image_D52 Long shot

Image_D53 Medium close up shot 43

12.8 Movement As mentioned before, the most important tool creating the animation is he camera tool. There are several camera movement according to the literature of Making Media by Jan Roberts-Breslin. The key positions of the movement are created as key frames. Tweening is the term of the creation of the in-between frames that are necessary to convey a convincing sense of movement. The more in-between frames, the smoother the movement. Therefore, tweening is like the one of the 12 principle of animation called “Timing and spacing” (Pluralsight, 2014). For the animation, the movement has to be gently and smooth so the target group is able to see all the details and medical terms of the hip replacement procedure.

12.9 Light Light use is very important in creation of the animation like mentioned before in the design process. In the reality, light reveals the visual details of familiar and strange surroundings which it’s the same when creating a scene in 3Ds Max. When there are no additional added in the scene, the 3D model becomes very dark and has hard shadows. It’s similar to the reality whenever shooting a film, the most impart thing is to set up the lights. The light creates the feel and creates beauty and ugliness within the frame.

Here down below are two images, which it’s the difference of bad light or no light and good light of the image. The first image has too little light, which it results in an underexposure that is too dark overall and has less detail in the shadows of the bones. These are also called as hard shadows. The other image is properly exposed, which the light is sufficient to light out the shape and the details of the bones (skeleton). There shadows are more on the edge of the bone that creates the real shape. In the software, there four Omni lights created in order to have a proper exposed image. Review the position of the lights in image_D63 and image_D64.

Underexposed

Properly exposed

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Image_D63

Image_D64 45

13. APPENDIX Abe Abbas, (2017 27 January). What Are Accent Colors? Consulted on 26 February 2017, from https://www.thespruce.com/what-are-accent-colors-1391698 Alexander, (2017 17 January). Soft Instrumental Music. Consulted on 26 Februay 2017 from, http://www.orangefreesounds.com/soft-instrumental-music/ Anatomybody-charts. (2016, 01 March). The Human Body Digestive System Diagram [Image_D03]. Consulted on 28 February 2017, from http:// anatomybody-charts.us/the-human-body-digestive-system-diagram/the-human-body-digestive-system-diagram-2/ Arjen, (n.d). Benefit From The Mind Mapping Concept. Consulted on 27 January 2017, from http://mindmapsunleashed.com/the-mind-mapping-concept-

and-how-you-benefit-from-this Barry, D., Weiss, MD. ( 2007, May). Health literacy and patient safety: Help patients understand. Second edition. Consulted on 27 January 2017, from

https://www.umcutrecht.nl/getmedia/baa2a19c-8c84-4956-bf9a-bd1cbac1ac13/Health-literacy-and-patient-safety-help-patients-understand.pdf. aspx Bone Smart, (n.d). About the hip joint [Image_D14]. Consulted on 20 January 2017, from https://bonesmart.org/hip/about-the-hip-joint/ Bytescout. (2014, 26 Augustus). AVI File Format and its Advantages and Disadvantages. Consulted on 10 January 2017, from https://bytescout.com/

blog/2014/08/avi-file-format-and-its-advantages-and.html Coschedule. (2016, 18 April). The Ultimate Guide To Using Color Psychology In Marketing + Free Color Schemes [Image_D33]. Consulted on 08 February

2017, from https://coschedule.com/blog/color-psychology-marketing/ Dan Mayer, (2010 14 December). What font should I use? 5 Principle for choosing and using typefaces. Consulted on 26 February 2017, from https://www.

smashingmagazine.com/2010/12/what-font-should-i-use-five-principles-for-choosing-and-using-typefaces/ EAU, (2016). Diagnoses kidney ureteral stones [Image_D13]. Consulted on 20 January 2017, from http://patients.uroweb.org/i-am-a-urology-patient/ kidney-ureteral-stones/diagnosis-kidney-ureteral-stones/ Eddy, MD. (2014). How to See a Diagram: A Visual Anthropology of Chemical AfďŹ nity. Consulted on 26 April 2017, from https://www.academia.

edu/4588508/How_to_See_a_Diagram_A_Visual_Anthropology_of_Chemical_Affinity_Osiris_2014_178-196

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Ellis, J. (2013, 21 March). What makes a successful format? Consulted on 16 November 2016, from http://cstonline.tv/successful-format Empower your self with color psychology, (2017). The color pink. Consulted on 20 January 2017, from http://www.empower-yourself-with-color-psychology. com/color-pink.html Hutt, S. (2013, 31 October). Hip Anatomy Animated Tutorial [Image_V1]. Consulted on 08 February 2017, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ip GaQm4LsE0 ICOMM 3D Design, (2016, 06 Oct 6). Mechanical Electronics Design | Product Development | Exploded View [Image_D11]. Consulted on 27 April 2017,

from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=246GZUKJWRM Jensen, K. (2013, 21 November). What is the “Look and Feel” of a Website? And Why It’s Important. Consulted on 27 January 2017, from https://www. bopdesign.com/bop-blog/2013/11/what-is-the-look-and-feel-of-a-website-and-why-its-important/ Lidwell, W., Holden, K., Butler, J. (2010). Universal Principles of Design. Second version, third review edition. Amsterdam: BIS publishers.

National Patient Safety Foundation. (n.d). Ask Me 3: Good Questions for Your Good Health. Consulted on 29 January 2017, from http://www.npsf. org/?page=askme3 Pluralsight, (2014 11 August). Understanding the 12 Principles of Animation. Consulted on 26 February 2017, from https://www.pluralsight.com/blog/film- games/understanding-12-principles-animation Roberts-Breslin, J. (2012). Making Media: Foundations of sound and image production. 3rd edition. United States of America: Elsevier.

Studio Post. (2016). Preparing Graphics for Video. Consultd on 02 December 2016, form http://studiopost.com/contact/tech-specs/preparing-graphics-for- video U.S. Department of Health and Health Services. (2000). America’s Health Literacy: Why We Need Accessible Health Information. Consulted on 27 January

2017, from https://health.gov/communication/literacy/issuebrief/

47

Milestones / script Total Hip Replacement (posterolateral approach) Example 1 https://www .youtube.co m/watch?v= YsVIn5JaCmc

1 pre-op preparation

Example 2 https://www .youtube.co m/watch?v=9 qBMqVPfOtM &list=PL1Qris GItga3Uav8n 9pncdluy8_2g7QV&ind ex=4

0:48 – 1:16

1a Oral sedative 1b Iv placement 1c Spinal / general anesthesia 2 Intro normal hip movement/visualis ation artritic hip 3 Lateral decubitis postion 4 Skin incision 5 Muscle opening 6 Hip dislocation 7 Femur osteotomy 8 Reaming the cup 9 Cup placement 9b Insert placement 10 Reaming the femur 11 Femoral component placement 11b head placement 12 relocation 13 Testing for stability and leg length discrepancy 14 Closure of the wound layers (with

possibility of drain placement)

15 Pre-op x ray Post-op x ray remarks

Example 3 https://ww w.youtube.c om/watch? v=DosqbEy 8ecY

0:48 – 1:16 0:48 – 1:16

0:48 – 1:16 time 1:22 - 1:42

-

0:00 – 0:12 / 0:13 – 0:26

-

0:05

-

(different incision)

2:40

0:06

1:17

2:56

-

1:25

3:08

0:15

1:35

3:13

0:19

1:54

0:29 – 0:36

1:42

(nice explanation of cup)

1:46

(femur first procedure)

3:49 3:53

0:45 0:59

-

3:25

1:22

Voice over

3:37

1:25

2:01

1:33

-

4:02

1:39

2:06

4:04 – 4:15

1:45 – 1:59

2:12-2:16

4:16 – 4:35

Voice over only (2:40)

2:19 - :2:29

2:45 Detailed voice over

2:17 Schematic, skin is blue/transp arent

(drain voiceover 4:27)

Femur first technique

48

(drain included)