Aggregation from Scarcity

AGGREGATION FROM SCARCITY

CHRISTIAN MENNA | AR401 | INSTRUCTOR DEUTSCH UCSD GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ENERGY

1

2015 Š Christian Menna All Rights Reserved

2

Aggregation From Scarcity An AR 401- AR402 Projected Prepared For NewSchool of Architecture & Design

By:

Christian Menna

3

TABLE OF CONTENTS

4

06

Site

08

Site Analysis

14

Process

22

Program Explorations

32

Final Program

38

Case Studies / Structural Considerations

40

Distribution of Forces / Structural Integration

46

Floor Plans

50

Sections

52

Elevations

56

Mechanical Systems Integration

60

Building Systems Integration

62

Wall Section / Passive Cooling

64

Facade System/ Energy Concept/ Materials

68

Renderings

77

Referenced Images

5

MYERS DRIVE

Wall UP

CONCRETE

UNIVERSITY CENTER 202

UP

UP

DECK

WEST EXPANSION

UP

UP

BLDG. 4

Wall

DECK AS AIL

all W

TR ALT

PH

BLDG. 1

BLDG. 2 BLDG. 3

O. STUDENT CENTER

BLDG. 2

PORTER'S PUB

GILMAN DRIVE

BLDG. 3 ADDITION

Wall

CRAFT CENTER BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH FACILITY

lls

Wa

Wall

Wall

Wall

Wall

Wall

Wall

Wall

CENTER FOR MOLECULAR GENETICS

E AN

BIOMED LIBRARY

BIOMED LIBRARY ADDITION

E

BRIDG PLANTER

FIRE LANE

Wall

MAYER HALL

Wall

PLANTER

MAYER HALL EXPANSION

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE BUILDING

SOUTH

Wall

MEDICAL TEACHING FACILITY

EL

Wall

Wall

LN

FIR

LIPT U CA EU

E

Wall

GROV

S

LIBRARY WALK

Wall

SITE

CMME

CMMW BONNER HALL

FIRE

LANE

Wall

Wall Wall

PLANTER

Wall

Wall Asphalt

BRAIN IMAGING

E

Concrete

OSLER LANE

RIV

Wall

CENTRAL UTILITIES PLANT

Asphalt

DN

GIL

YORK HALL

MA

Concrete

Wall

DN

ND

FOUNTAIN

DP

Wall

Wa

Wall

DP

Concrete

Wall

ll

PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE BUILDING

Wall

ll Wa

Wall

DN

H

Wall Concrete

REVELLE PROVOST

DR IVE Wall Wall

KALMIA

S LA R

LAUREL

HO

Wall

LAUREL EXP.

SC

Wall

Wall

DN

DN

S Wall

Wall

Wall

HERBERT YORK

LANE

GALBRAITH HALL

T OU

Asphalt

DP

CHE CAFE

ll

Wa

RITA ATKINSON RESIDENCES

N 0’

6

100’

300’

The University of California in San Diego has a vacant space close to the School of Medicine and next to the Biomedical Library. This is the site; on the corner of Gilman Drive and Olser Lane.

SENSE

475’

M

L

U

The proposed building is to be a collaboration between five institutes on campus, the building is to host laboratories for the department of Solar Technology, Geothermal Engineering, Reusable Energies, Building Technology/ Electronics, and a depart to test the efficiency of buildings and their facades.

7

SITE MEASUREMENTS

400 ft.

277 ft.

62 ft.

203 ft.

336 ft.

246 ft.

INTERSECTIONS

The site offered clues in spatial planning with a man made pedestrian path running right through it.

8

400 ft.

GRID OVERLAY 26,950 sq ft.

277 ft.

26,950 sq ft.

203 ft.

203 ft.

32,620 sq ft.

32,620 sq ft.

246 ft.

246 ft.

However the site offered other clues; to find dimensions of the site a grid was placed over it to see if any obvious organization was occurring.

Constrained by the site boundaries and the pedestrian path, the grid formed an organization.

9

400 ft.

400 ft.

277 ft.

62 ft.

277 ft.

62 ft.

203 ft.

336 ft.

336 ft.

MAP OUT INTERSECTIONS

DESOLATE 246 AREAS ft.

INTERSECTIONS

CENTERAL POINTS

INTERSECTIONS

CENTERAL POINTS

These diagrams are of explorations on the site; the diagrams express relationships between the intersections of the grid lines and potential directionality.

10

203 ft.

246 ft.

277 ft.277 277ft. ft.

26,95026,950 26,950 sq ft. sq sqft. ft.

203 ft.203 203ft. ft.

32,62032,620 32,620 sq ft. sq sqft. ft.

246 ft.246 246ft. ft.

RELATIONSHIPS

11

336 ft.

336 ft.

246 ft.

INTERSECTIONS

MAP OUT CENTERAL POINTS

246 ft.

INTERSECTIONS

DESOLATE AREAS

CENTERAL POINTS

CENTERAL POINTS

The red diagrams begin to specify the amount of activity on site with nodes small ones for very active, larger ones for less activity.

12

32,620 sq ft.

246 ft.

RELATIONSHIPS

13

DICTYOSTELIUM CELLS

image 1.1

Parallel to this site analysis I looked into a cell reaction between Dictyostelium cells, when the cells begin to die from starvation they aggregate into spatial patterns.

14

image 1.2

The process is a similar reaction that is applied onto the site.

image 1.3

image 1.4

As seen on the previous pages, the nodes specifying scarcity and inactivity are similar to the starving dictyostelium cells in their desolate state.

15

DESOLATE AREAS AGGREGATE INTO SPACE

These nodes are where the reaction between architecture and site begin.

16

SPIRALS FORM SPACE

The starving cells begins to spiral and those circles (spirals) have a gravitational pull to them. The larger they grow, in this way the spirals form spaces and domains.

17

DIVISION BETWEEN THE SPACES

Hence why the inactive starving/ scarce nodes begin to grow quicker (in the red diagrams) than the more touched spaces on site.

18

In the aggregation from cell to space the circles are constrained by their own domains.

PROGRAM APPLIED

They morph to these constraints and a spatial pattern is formed.

This process lead the nodes to aggregate into program and form lay out.

19

ESSENTIAL PROCESS

These diagrams express how the nodes grow and aggregate upwards until a core massing is formed.

20

INDIVIDUAL AGGREGATION DIAGRAM

PARTI

Core massing was determined by the hierarchy of the program.

21

[F]

[S]

[E]

Geothermal/GeoTech Engineering space

Solar Technology & Electronics

Reusable Energ

Administration [K]

[O] Office Spaces

PROGRAM

ories

PhD Work Spaces

[A]

[B]

Directorial Office

Secretary Spaces

Educational [F]

[S]

[E]

Geothermal/GeoTech Engineering space

Solar Technology & Electronics

Reusable Energy

[G]

[H]

[I]

Energy Technology & Electronics

Indoor/Outdoor Facade Testing

Effiecient Unit Testing Space

[J]

[L]

Auditorium

Seminar Rooms

tration [K]

[O] Office Spaces

LABORATORIES [A] Directorial Office

22

PhD Work Spaces

[B]

[C]

Secretary Spaces

Conference Rooms

EDUCATIONAL

[F]

[S]

[E]

Geothermal/GeoTech Engineering space

Solar Technology & Electronics

Reusable Energy

[G]

[H]

[I]

Energy Technology & Electronics

Indoor/Outdoor Facade Testing

Effiecient Unit Testing Space

[G]

[H]

Energy Technology & Electronics [C]

Indoor/Outdoor Facade Testing

s [F]

[F] [S]

[S]

[S] [E]

[E]

Administration [E] [G]

[G]

[H] [G]

[H]

[I][H]

[I]

[I]

ermal/GeoTech Geothermal/GeoTech Solar Technology Solar Technology Reusable Energy Reusable Energy Energy Technology Energy Technology Indoor/Outdoor Indoor/Outdoor Effiecient UnitEffiecient Unit oTech Solar Technology Reusable Energy Energy Technology Indoor/Outdoor Effiecient Unit neering space Engineering space & Electronics & Electronics & ElectronicsFacade & Electronics Facade Testing FacadeSpace Testing Testing SpaceTesting Space pace & Electronics & Electronics Testing Testing [K] [O]

Laboratories

Office Spaces

ion

PhD Work Spaces

[F]

[S]

Geothermal/GeoTech Engineering space [A]

Solar Technology & Electronics [B]

Directorial Office [O]

[K]

[K]

[O]

Office es Spaces Office Spaces

[E] Reusable Energy

Secretary Spaces

[K]

PhD Work Spaces PhD Work Spaces PhD Work Spaces

Administration Miscilanous

[O] [J] Office Spaces ffice ectorial Office Directorial Secretary Office Spaces Secretary Spaces Secretary SpacesConferenceConference Rooms Rooms Conference Rooms Auditorium [A]

[B]

[B]

[B]

[C]

[C]

[C]

Miscilanous Miscilanous Miscilanous [J]

[J][L]

Effiecient Testing Sp

Conference Rooms

Educational [A]

[I]

[L]

[L]

Auditorium Auditorium Seminar Rooms Seminar Rooms Seminar Rooms

[K]

[L] Seminar Rooms

[A]

[B]

[C]

Directorial Office

Secretary Spaces

Conference Rooms

[N] [N] [M][N] [M] Lounge Lounge Cafeteria LoungeCafeteria

[M] Cafeteria

[M] Cafeteria

Miscilanous

Educational ADMINISTRATION

[N] Lounge

PhD Work Spaces

[J]

[L]

Auditorium

Seminar Rooms

[N] Lounge

[M] Cafeteria

23

PhD Work Spaces (20)

[K]

Purpose

Reusable Energy Lab

[E]

Program

A room or building equipped for scientific experiments, research, or teaching, or for the manufacture of drugs or chemicals; specifically energy that comes from resources which are continually replenished on a human timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and geothermal heat.

Office

Laboratory Offices

L O1

Private Space Testing Space Indoor & Outdoor Space Offices

Users

O]

Square Footage

Public Space Indoor or Outdoor (potentially)

PU IO

Square Footage

Users

Square Footage

min - 3500 sq ft. max - 4500 sq ft. height - 15

Limited amount of users only a few of the staff or students admitted

min - 2000sq ft. max - 2500sq ft. height - 10 to outdoor

This space will be occupied by occupants of the structure and also by others on the campus, students & professionals alike.

min - ...sq ft. max - ... sq ft. height - 10 to ?

Solar Technology Electronics Lab

[S]

Directorial Office Space

[A]

Conference/ Meeting Room (s) (11)

[C] [E]

Geothermal/ GeoTech Engineering Space

Purpose

A room, set of rooms, or building used as a place for commercial, professional, or bureaucratic work. adjacencies: O1 - [E] O2 - [F] O3 - [I]

Program

Purpose

One space is designated to be occupied by head or director of this facilities. adjacencies: [B]

Program

PR O1 L

Private Space Solar Tech Lab [E] Offices Laboratory

Square Footage min - 3500sq ft. max - 4500 sq ft. height - 15

PROGRAM ANALYSIS

24

Program

PR TS IO O3

Limited amount of users only a few of the staff or students admitted

Users

Users

The movement to and fro or around something, esp. that of fluid in a closed system. Circulation may be indoor or outdoor.

min - 130sq ft. max - 260 sq ft. height - 10 to 15

A majority of users within the structure will be occupying these spaces

Square Footage

[D]

Limited amount of users only a few of the staff or students admitted

Purpose

Users

Circulation

Purpose

A space designated for the testing of the potential face of a building. adjacencies: [I] outdoor space

Program

Program

SP O

Semi Private Space

[I] [C]

Purpose

Purpose

A space or a set of spaces similar to [O] but on a less commercial ideaology and for a professional or student to work and potentially collaborate.

- needs natural light

Indoor/ Outdoor Facade Testing Space

Private Space Office

Purpose

A space similar to [L] with more face to face interaction; a formal meeting for discussion. adjacencies: offices work spaces seminar rooms

Program

PR O

Private Space Flexible

[F]

Space to test the application of scientific methods and engineering techniques to the exploitation and utilization of natural resources (as mineral resources) relating to, or produced by the internal heat of the earth.

Program

PR F

Laboratory Offices Private Space

L O2 PR

Users

Square Footage

Users

Square Footage

Users

Square Footage

Limited amount of users only a few of the staff or students admitted

min - 130sq ft. max - 260 sq ft. height - 10 to 15

Limited amount of users only a few of the staff or students admitted

min - 250sq ft. max - 300sq ft. height - 10 to 15

Limited amount of users only a few of the staff or students admitted

min - 7000 sq ft. max - 7500 sq ft. height - 20

G]

Energy Technology Electronics Lab

[G]

Purpose

Office Spaces

[O]

Purpose

A designated laboratory space to esearch alternative energy technologies.

Program Private Space

Solar/ Energy Tech Lab [E], [S] Offices Geothermal/GeoTech [F] Offices Facade Testing [I] Offices

Square Footage

Users

Limited amount of users only a few of the staff or students admitted

min - 3500sq ft. max - 3500 sq ft. height - 15

A majority of users within the structure will be occupying these spaces

Test Space For Efficient Units

[H]

Purpose

Program

min - 130sq ft. max - 260 sq ft. height - 10

[J] [M]

Testing Space Indoor & Outdoor Space (potentially)

PR TS IO

Square Footage min - 2000sq ft. max - 2000sq ft. height - 30 to outside

Private Space Indoor & Outdoor Space (potentially) Recreation

Users Limited amount of users only a few of the staff or students admitted

Public Space

SP PR IO R

Square Footage min - 5000sq ft. max - 6000 sq ft. height - 15 to 30

Spaces that are designated to hold a conference or other meetings for discussion or training.

- similar to class rooms - should be easily accessible

Recreation/ Gallery

Program

PU R

Public Space

Users

Square Footage

Users

This space will be occupied by occupants of the structure and also by others on the campus, students & professionals alike.

min - 1000sq ft. max - 2000sq ft. height 10 to ?

The majority of the users for this space will consist of students and sometimes professionals

Cafeteria

[A] [N]

Public Space Recreation/ Gallery

Secretary Space (s) (2)

PU

Square Footage min - 600 sq ft. max - 800 sq ft. height - 10 to 15

[B]

Purpose

A restaurant or dining room in a school or a business in which customers serve themselves or are served from a counter and pay before eating. adjacencies: [M] [J] [L]

One space is designated to be occupied by assistant to the head or director of this facilities.

If not to assist the head than to act as receptionist if needed. adjacencies: [A]

Program

Program

Semi - Private

[L]

adjacencies -conferance rooms

Purpose

A large building or hall used for public gatherings, typically speeches or stage performances.

Program

Large Open Space

Limited amount of users only a few of the staff or students admitted

Square Footage

Purpose

Large indoor and maye outdoor space to test new and efficient designs. adjacencies: [I]

Users

Auditorium

SP O1 O2 O3

Seminar Rooms (4) Purpose

A public room to lie, sit, or stand in a relaxed or lazy way. adjacencies: [N]

Program

Semi-Private Space

Users

[M] [K]

Purpose

A room, set of rooms, or building used as a place for commercial, professional, or bureaucratic work. adjacencies: O1 - [E] O2 - [F] O3 - [I]

Program

L PR

Laboratory

Lounge

PU R

Public Space Flexible

PU F

Users

Square Footage

Users

Square Footage

This space will be occupied by occupants of the structure and also by others on the campus, students & professionals alike.

min - 2000sq ft. max - 3200 sq ft. height 10 to 15

Limited amount of users only a few of the staff or students admitted

min - 50sq ft. max - 64 sq ft. height - 10 to 15

25

EXPLORATIONS

26

27

EXPLORATIONS

28

29

FINAL LAYOUT A

B C C O K

F

S E

B C C O K

F

G

G

N

KO

30

A

H

M I

J

N

KO

H

M I

J

S E

A

FINAL LAYOUT B C C O K

S E

B C C O K

S E

F G

N

O

A

H

M I

J

N

KO

H

M

J

I

31

B K

E

A O F C

M G N

S

J K C O H I

32

E

PROGRAM WITH OUT APPLIED PARTI

E

A

S

E

O F

M C G N

J K C O H I

33

PROCESS & PARTI

34

C K

J

PROGRAM ACCORDING TO PARTI

G F

DIGITAL CONCEPT MASSING

C NM H

S

J

I K

E L O

S E

K

L

M

L H

A

N

S

I

B

Some units are suspended from the core but get smaller the further from the major collaboration spaces they are.

35

MASSING CONCEPT

o

P

u

Th po

36

S

SYSTEM INTEGRATION EXPLORATIONS

S

North

North

he large major core units are suported by modules/smaller units.

37

CASE STUDIES / STRUCTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

image 2.1

38

image 2.2

image 2.3

39

DISTRIBUTION OF FORCES

40

TRUSSES

STEEL BEAMS

STRUCTURAL INTEGRATION

GRID TRACK SYSTEM

CABLES

VERTICAL POSTS/ TRUSSES

41

EXPLODED DIAGRAM

MAIN LABORATORY SPACE; AUDITORIUM ON SAME LEVEL STORAGE/ HVAC SPACE

SECONDARY LAB SPACE; RECORD KEEPING AND FACADE TESTING ON SAME LEVEL

RESPONSIVE FACADE

OFFICE/ CONNFERECE/ PhD SPACE

LOBBY SPACE

42

W

GENETICS

BIOMED LIBRARY

Wall SECTION B

SECTION A

GE

BIOMED LIBRARY

BRID

ADDITION

E RIV

ND

MA

GIL ll Wa

CENTRAL UTILITIES PLANT

NE

ER

L OS

LA

N 0’

40’

80’

ll Wa

GROUND FLOOR PLAN 43

SECTION B Directorial Office Space

[C]

[A]

[C]

SECTION A

[Q] Record Keeping [E] Reusable Energy Lab

[G] Energy Technology Electronics Lab

[Q]

[G] Energy Technology Electronics Lab

Lounge [M]

Fabrication Shop OPEN TO BELOW Lounge [M]

[H] Test Space For Efficient Units

LEVEL 2

FLOOR PLANS 44

20 ft. ABOVE GROUND

LEVEL 3

25 ft. and 30 ft. ABOVE GROUND

PROGRAM

[L]

Seminar Rooms (4)

[S] [L]

Solar Technology Electronics Lab

[E] Reusable Energy Lab

[A]

Directorial Office Space

[H]

Test Space For Efficient Units

[B]

Secretary Space

[I]

Indoor/ Outdoor Facade Testing Space

[C]

Conference/ Meeting Room

[E]

Reusable Energy Lab

[F]

Geothermal/ GeoTech Engineering Space

[G]

Energy Technology Electronics Lab

[J]

Auditorium

[K]

PhD Work Spaces (20)

[L]

Seminar Rooms (4)

[M]

Lounge

[N]

Cafe

[O]

Office Spaces

[P]

Lobby

[S]

Solar Technology Electronics Lab

[R]

Restrooms

[Q]

Record Keeping

Solar Tech.

Lab

[I] Outdoor Solar Testing Space

[S]

Lounge Roof Top [M]

[O] Office Spaces

[C] [C]

[N] Cafe

[K]

PhD Work Spaces

[I] Outdoor Facade Testing Space

[C] [C] [J] Auditorium Indoor Facade Testing

[R] [R]

[O]

[K]

PhD Work Spaces

[C]

Conference Rooms

[I]

LEVEL 4

Office Spaces

35 ft. and 40 ft. ABOVE GROUND

[C] Conference Rooms

LEVEL 5

50 ft. ABOVE GROUND

FLOOR PLANS 45

LEVEL 2 FLOOR PLAN ENLARGED

46

SECTION B [C]

[C]

SECTION A

[G] Energy Technology Electronics Lab

Lounge [M]

LEVEL 2

20 ft. ABOVE GROUND

47

SECTION A

48

PIEZOELECTRIC FLOOR TILES

FORCE

ELECTRIC STORAGE DEVICE ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY

49

SECTION B

50

51

NORTH ELEVATION

40’

0’

52

20’

40’

60’

40’

40’

W

53

SOUTHEAST ELEVATION

35’

35’

u o

54

o

I

I

u

50’

50’

50’

50’

40’

40’

40’

40’

55

MECHANICAL SYSTEMS INTEGRATION

56

INSPIRATION COLLAGE

MODULE CONNECTION TO TRACK SYSTEM MODULE CONNECTS MODULE TO CONNECTS TO TRACK SYSTEM TRACK SYSTEM

BRIDGE CONNECTION BRIDGE CONNECTION (ref. detail o) (ref. detail o)

57

MECHANICAL SYSTEMS INTEGRATION: MODULE MODULES - Indivdual Office Spaces - Connected via suspended bridges - Minimum 3 variations refer. to floor plans

MATERIALS - Steel Frame - Glazing - Insulated Steel Panels

This modular system introduced another level of mechanical systems that had to be explained and detailed.

58

PRIVATE OFFICE SPACES

PRIVATE EXTERIOR SPACES BEGIN TO FORM ORGANICALLY

W

DIFFERENTIATION OF LEVELS CREATE HIEARCHY TO SPACE

59

c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. n. o. p. q. r. s. t.

MECHANICAL SYSTEMS INTEGRATION: DETAIL

steel cable connection operating facade mechanism water drainage/collection water proofing perferation for natural light heliostat skin system suspended grid frame heating, ventilation and air conditioning steel truss double glazing maintance cat walk connection for heliostat skin connetion between modular spaces and structure steel deck and concrete slab steel truss f modular walkways steel grid frame for modules modular office space

60’

50’

Details c.

STEEL CABLE

40’ BOLT & WASHER

TRUSS GUSSET PLATE

WELDED

o.

CASTERS

STEEL C CHANNEL This detail is of a connection between the larger structures and the vertical truss systems.

GRID TRACK SYSTEM

RUBBER CUSHIONING BOLT FOR FIXED CONNECTION REINFORCING

60

MODULE WELDED

STEEL CABLE

40’ BOLT & WASHER

TRUSS GUSSET PLATE

MODUEL DETAIL

WELDED

o.

CASTERS

STEEL C CHANNEL

GRID TRACK SYSTEM

RUBBER CUSHIONING BOLT FOR FIXED CONNECTION REINFORCING

MODULE WELDED

Detail of the connection and mechanics within the modules integrated into the larger structures.

61

BUILDING SYSTEMS INTEGRATION: WALL SECTION

Wall Section a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. n. o. p. q. r. s. t.

facade connection 3x operable facade steel cable connection operating facade mechanism water drainage/collection water proofing perferation for natural light heliostat skin system suspended grid frame heating, ventilation and air conditioning steel truss double glazing maintance cat walk connection for heliostat skin connetion between modular spaces and structure steel deck and concrete slab steel truss f modular walkways steel grid frame for modules modular office space

60’

50’

Details c.

STEEL CABLE The diagram to the right also exhibits, basic services for heating, ventilation and air conditioning, sunight and water systems.

BOLT & WASHER

TRUSS GUSSET PLATE

62

WELDED

40’

Wall Section a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. n. o. p. q. r. s. t.

facade connection 3x operable facade steel cable connection operating facade mechanism water drainage/collection water proofing perferation for natural light heliostat skin system suspended grid frame heating, ventilation and air conditioning steel truss double glazing maintance cat walk connection for heliostat skin connetion between modular spaces and structure steel deck and concrete slab steel truss f modular walkways steel grid frame for modules modular office space

a

c

h f

e

60’

60’

b

d

WALL SECTION & PASSIVE COOLING

k

g

i

50’

Details

50’

j

i

c. l STEEL CABLE

n

40’

m

40’

BOLT & WASHER

TRUSS GUSSET PLATE

o

WELDED

t p q

r

s

o.

CASTERS

STEEL C CHANNEL

GRID TRACK SYSTEM

RUBBER CUSHIONING BOLT FOR FIXED CONNECTION REINFORCING

MODULE WELDED

to water cistern

63

DIAGRAM OF SKIN SYSTEM

Tying back to the concept of growth and decay occurring through scarcity and forming population, the skin system consists of a grid of apertures that are triggered to open when there is a person present, the higher the occupancy the more apertures open. They are automatically controlled however the users may control the openings manually as well.

64

SKIN SYSTEM THAT REACTS TO OCCUPANCY

0-1

2+

4+

Facade System = Energy Concept

L

rq

-1 +1

65

BUILDING INTEGRATION: MATERIALS

GLAZING

66

TRANSLUCENT CONCRETE

CONCRETE

STEEL

67

RENDERINGS: INSIDE MODULE

68

RENDERINGS: INSIDE MODULE

69

RENDERINGS

70

71

RENDERINGS

72

73

RENDERINGS

74

75

76

77

THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME.

78

IMAGES REFERENCED 1.1

Cell signaling/spiral waves in Dictyostelium. 2008.

Web. 01 Nov. 2012. retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OX5Yiz38fgY

2.1

EL LISSITZKY’S AUTOGRAPH ON THE MAP OF MOSCOW 2011.

Web. 12 Nov. 2012 http://www.oginoknauss.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/f1-copia.png

2.2

EL LISSITZKY’S AUTOGRAPH ON THE MAP OF MOSCOW 2011.

Web. 12 Nov. 2012 http://www.oginoknauss.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/f1-copia.png

2.3

Nanjing museum of art and architecture. 2011.

Web. 12 Nov. 2012 https://eliinbar.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/nan01.jpg

0.0

All other figures and images were produced by the author of this booklet.

79

80