Projects for the renovation and reuse of Panjiayuan Market, in Beijing _ MSc Degree Thesis

MEMORY REGENERATION DISUSED AREAS AND URBAN REQUALIFICATION IN CHINA

PROJECTS FOR THE RENOVATION AND REUSE OF PANJIAYUAN MARKET BEIJING 北京潘家园城区旧货市场的设计

Paolo MARTINI

David Felipe SIERRA

Cinzia STELLA

REL

LATORI:

A collaboration between: Tsinghua University - School of Architecture Politecnico di Torino - Dip. di Architettura e Design DAD

POLITECNICO DI TORINO - DIPARTIMENTO DI ARCHITETTURA E DESIGN Corsi di Laurea Magistrale in: Architettura (Costruzione e CittĂ )

Gustavo AMBROSINI Mauro BERTA Michele BONINO Pierre Alain CROSET Liu JIAN

Zhang LI

C O NT EN TS 6

6 Introduction 8 Project’s evolution: from Beijing to Turin 38 Panjiayuan antique market project under the market

38 56 86 110

density tipology circulation culture

130 Focus 132 144 156

permanent market portico roofscapes multifunctional façade

172 Conclusion 174 Bibliografy and sitography

under the market 7

panjiayuan E rd.

3th ring road

panjiayuan rd.

I N T R ODU C TION 8

0

25

100m

Under the Market is a requalification and upgrade project of the Panjiayuan Market in Beijing. The original layout of the block creates a sealed off space to the city, our goal is to give back this space to the city connecting it to the surrounding urban tissue.

The project is not just a functional upgrade but it wants to return to the city a public space that becomes an important “void” in the dense Beijing.

In fact, our main goal is to project something that is not just a building but a social space where tradition in trading antique goods can meet the contemporary society and its needs.

A careful study of the needs and of the circulation defined the basic shape of our project: a longitudinal building works like a dividing wall between the pedestrian public space on the north side of the area and the vehicular path on the back of it, on the South side. In this way we solved what in our opinion is the most important issue in circulation design: the separation of the pedestrian flow from the vehicular one.

Rising the transverse wings we created a shelter suitable to welcome the flea market, preserving the identity and the social aspect of one of the most important event of the Panjiayuan Market and creating a continuous and extremely permeable public space that alternates gardens and squares.

This covered space, as we said, is where the flea market takes place

during the day but, when the market stops, people can enjoy that space as they like.

A portico define the north borderline of our project and creates a double connections between the wings: a covered way on the ground floor from the metro station through the flee market’s areas and then to the market entrances; and a raised one that connects together all the market’s wings.

From the inside, the market is composed by modular blocks 8x4m than can be merged in order to create bigger commercial surfaces to meet every target. These blocks, grouped, form a bigger unit that is repeated and mirrored all over the market building.

Between a bigger unit and another there are distribution halls that horizontally and vertically connect all the different pathways. In these halls the stairs are the main element that fills, draws and defines the empty space.

A multifunctional block with exhibition spaces, auction hall, hotel and offices defines a cozy courtyard wherein sculptures are exhibited.

The transverse wing of the block are raised as well in order to create a continuity of the public space.

The building layout is designed thinking about the relations that every function have with the others in order to provide fast and smart connections inside and outside the building.

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1.1 The chinese experience at Tsinghua University 1.2 Project develop in Turin

1. PR OJECT’ S E V OLU TION 10

Before to arrive to the architectonic propose, the project had been developed on a series of steps in order to find the potentials and problematic those bring to the final result. This process begin with a previous analysis of types of market around the world, until the meeting with entire group of the Joint Studio 2014 in China in which was explained the study area and the conformation of groups between Italian and Chinese students.

In the first stage in China was studied the Panjiayuan Market through the four aspects that has defined the approaches of a new interpretation of antique market in Beijing (circulation, people, density and typology). Afterwards, in collaboration with the Chinese students was determinate the first concept of Master Plan as primarily base to proceed the project at distance until the final presentation in Italy.

During the period in Italy there were several reviews with the Italians and Chinese professors to improve the project. For that reason the architectonic form had been transforming until arrive the final composition. In order to understand the evolution, of the project on each phase, it is explained in the follow steps.

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first idea for Panijayuan market 12

THE CHINESE EXPERIENCE AT TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY The first step of the project design was the two weeks long workshop at the Tshinghua University in Beijing.

After the ritual introduction with the Chinese student and teachers, the team building and the project area survey, the design phase has began and we’ve immediately realized the challenge we were facing: a 350x150 meters area to rethink completely. In order to give us a common guid eline we tried to develop simple lines of reasoning that can be represented.

Firstly, we thought about circulation.

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parking

sculpture garden storage

garden

offices

temporary market

flea market HALL

exhibition - auction halls

public scape high level market

subway ghost market

spaces connection diagram 14

panjiayuan rd.

s

circulation diagram pedestrian vehicular

panjiayuan rd.

During both the area survey – by daytime and nighttime – we experienced how important could be this topic in this project: hundreds of tricycles and bicycles that need a place where being parked, and thousand of people walking around the market are a serious issue to manage. The result, indeed, is tricycles that must move through the crowd to deliver or load goods, bicycles gathered one on the other on the walkway, big traffic jam at the

market’s gate during the rush hour (opening and closing time), etc.

So, in order to provide a functional viability in the area we decided to keep the vehicular flow and the pedestrian one separated one from the other, dedicating the North side of the area to people and organizing the vehicular way along the South borderline. In this way pedestrians flow and vehicles flow never cross each other.

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north front permeability sketch 16

panjiayuan rd.

HALL

permeability diagram

Another element that in our opinion represent a limit in the original Panjiayuan’s layout is the wall that surround the market: only few gates allow the access to the area and half of them are not used. Actually, a gate on the north side constitute the only pedestrian entrance.

For this reason we firmly believe

that it’s necessary to create more connections with the surrounding urban tissue by demolishing the actual enclosure element: a more permeable North front, with no wall, could create more interactions between the market and the activities outside while improving the usability of the market’s block.

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density diagram

Our second reasoning concerned the density of the urban fabric we were going to design. Looking at the trend of the surrounding urban tissue that gets more dense increasing the distance from the 3rd Ring Road, and the urban layout of the area considering the subway access, the 3rd Ring Road nearby, and the 18

surrounding fabrics – we decide to configure the project area with a increasing density from East to West. This means, thinking about our project, that moving West buildings get taller and built surfaces increase.

In this way we can keep most of the buildings as far as possible from the noise of the traffic in the highway.

grid design diagram

Considering the previous argumentations on density and viability we defined a general criteria for the design of our market: imagining to define our design layout by a grid overlapped on the market area, we wanted to create a shade from regularity to irregularity deforming the grid while moving East. The criteria was to welcome

people from the subway station with ample spaces characterized by non ortogonal shape in order to arouse curiosity and interest in visitors; moving to a more regular layout moving West, were we planned to place those functions that require flexible spaces, like offices and storage, or the higher level shops of the market.

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Following these ideas we presented the first draft of our project at the final review at the Tsinghua University.

This first market’s hypothesis follows the previous reasoning we have done. We chose an extensive layout wherein buildings are spread all over the project area filling almost all the available surface organized coherently with the density criteria and the grid layout: buildings 20

become taller and with a more regular shape turning away from the 3rd Ring Road. About viability, as we agreed, we planned two different ways to access the area: a vehicular back street leads to the underground parking and allows vehicles to access the back of the market to deliver and load goods while, in the North side, parts of the existing wall have been cut off

to improve pedestrian permeability and a big square marks the access from the subway station.

In addition to the ground level circulation we designed a second level of pedestrian viability at the upper levels of the market: this secondary loop starts from the square (level -1) and rise until the second level to end again at the square. This raised loop wants to be

section on market spaces

a preferential pedestrian way that keeps people away from the traffic in the street that surround the market.

Critics The final critics expressed by Italian and Chinese teachers concerned the too rigid and too much defined design of our project hypothesis. In their opinion it was originate by our

efforts to follow all the four guidelines we have imposed to ourselves: guidelines could be valid reasoning but we were not able to manage all of them together appointing them the same priority. Their suggestion was to focus more on one aspect that we believe more important than other and then try to develop a more flexible and recognizable design also considering some of the other

aspects.

That being so, we established an higher priority at the circulation idea we have had trying to mix it with density and permeability consideration we’ve made in order to improve the project once we were back to Italy.

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top view second term model

top view second term model 22

SECOND TERM IN TURIN In the first meeting in Italy it was interpreted the initial concept of Master Plan made in China but with a new formal composition. Two of the crucial points respected from the beginning and that define the concept of a new market were: firstly the division of the pedestrian flow with the vehicular traffic, settled the pedestrian flow at the north façade to connect with subway station.

axsonometry sketch. Walk bridge.

panijayaun market entrance view

The second item was the permeability of spaces and new accessibility of the market; by the fact that the surrounded walls of the market doesn’t have a relation with the context, in fact it is a discontinuity element that create a division from inside (market) and outside (surround the area). At the north side the idea was breaking this composite element in different layers to establish a relationship with the city through public space. This bridge was organized across the placement of wall fragments; with this idea, the two passage of first and second level were connected with vertical connection along the public space.

The building composition was based on the typical Chinese organization of market in which the building conform an internal atrium. We interpreted this typology according to the concept of the Master plan; in which it had opened on one side of the building to get access to the atriums and establish inside green 23

organized areas for the citizens and visitors. On the other hand it had developed the idea of passage under the buildings, as show the sketch in the next page, it offered another type of space to the market linked directly with the public space.

The rise of the building initially had an organic flow to create different height relations between the buildings and the courtyard.

perspective section

perspective elevation 24

critics It was’t clear the design of public space at the north side, owing to the position of walls in the Façade of the buildings and along the public space. Another critic was the over scale of the project, so it’s suggested to control the dimension of the building in relation with the free areas.

perspective detail section

THIRD TERM

The project was adapted according to the last revision in some aspects.

Firstly the buildings and courtyards were correctly scaled following the real dimension of the area. Secondly, it had concerned the length of the south building, so it had been segmented with irregular rotation to create a dynamic space between the buildings and the courtyards.

Thirdly within the courtyards were defined two types of spaces: firstly the central square correlated with the wall of the main entrances (the only architectonic piece that remains according to client’s request) as a public square to invite to the market; and the another typology was green areas that had referenced from the

Traditional Chinese garden.

As far as the public space was concerned, it was remain the idea of wall as sculpture element that defined what was market and public space. On the north façade of the building there was incorporated another wall with the idea of in mark the entrance of the permanent market, from the ground floor to the top of the building, with an elevator and stairs to connect in several levels. additionally in the publis space to made more accessible the roofscapes, it had incorporated new vertical connection along the north side with to principal entrances, at the beginning and at the end of the passage.

critics The formal idea of public space through the explosion of the North wall, created a big discussion, because this idea was a contradiction of the mainly concept to open the north façade. The different layers instead to be a formal element that organize the public space and the relation between inside outside, it worked still as a broken element and it was contrary to the concept that fragment the space of the market and public space.

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top model’s view

front view of walk bridge and wall disposition 26

subway entrance view

function distribution diagram _ section

function distribution diagram _ plan

NEW MARKET

PUBLIC SPACE

NEW MARKET

PUBLIC SPACE

legend office

FLEA MARKET

exhibition

DEPOSIT ARRIVING TRADES

FLEA MARKET

storage auditorium hall workshop

wing section

flea market

NEW MARKET

market restaurant

NEW MARKET actual ghost market

walk bridge garden sculpture garden

ACTUAL FLEA MARKET

actual ghost market

FLEA MARKET

flea market evolution ACTUAL FLEA MARKET

FLEA MARKET

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FOURTH TERM The next step of the project was focused in the design of the public space, on account of the fact that it was constantly critiqued because the architectural propose didn’t follow the guideline of open the north side to create a space to the city. Bearing this in mind, the public space becomes in a semi cover passage, making reference in the West idea of “portico”, in which the column represent the sculpture

model’s top view 28

element instead of the series of walls; besides this architectonic composition at the ground floor permitted to establish a formal relation as a “forest of columns” correlated the portico with the semi cover space under the buildings.

However it was still believe that the the portico should had two passage, under at the ground floor to the public space and at the second level to connect with the rest of the

market.

Overall the project remained the general composition despite the transformation of the public space at the north side. However to justify the form extrusion of the wing building at the East side, It was situated the main stars of the portico to get a directly entrances of the subway station.

sketch of portico with columns

portico and wings end view

critics The Critics remain at the public space by the reason that the passage on a second level left

the ground floor useless, without a character and without a public life, because is transported on a high level. In fact the portico had to be only seen as a passage and not as

a double walkway. Furthermore the access to the wings from the ground floor is through stairs and elevators spread under the buildings.

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sketch and model’s view _ portico with columns

sketct and model’s view _ portico with walls

FIFTH TERM After several meeting and discussion about the north side and the possible solutions about the approach of the public space; in this term, we did a new propose of passage and vertical connection related with the north façade. The photo of models shows two cases, the first one used the concept of 30

portico to create semi cover spaces in high levels, with the vertical points inside the buildings. In the second case, the stairs change position to the north façade, and create an outside passage connected with the portico and ground floor level. We had defended the idea of remain the roof cape passage to close the

circuit of market in the second level, even if the solution was not the best In this phase it was beginning to think the inside space and the organization of market and other services. We realized that the services besides the market, it has to be separated to the shopping activities.

section on market wing and portico

section auditorium hall, workshop room and subway entrance

SIXTH TERM critics For this point was decide to left the portico with only a ground level passage and the roofs cape with green areas instead of a secondary walkway. It was suggested the design of the permanent and the organization of the other services.

After the last critics we moved through other design hypothesis about the portico trying to totally integrate it in the project, make it a strong element of characterization.

To do so we understand how much was important its design in section because the most characterizing part could be his profile and his 31

chinese garden sketch 32

materiality looking at it from the bottom.

Our idea was to vitalize its design by folding the ceiling following the fields scanned by the columns. Our first try had no wishes of symmetry or modularity, drawing a profile that appeared random and irregular.

In this project solution the welcoming square on the East side of the area is lowered compared to the ground level and it’s covered by the market wing on top, from which the portico starts. In this way the access to the area from the subway is sheltered from rain and sun and the portico creates a covered way that connect all the market’s entrances.

We also took a deeper look into the gardens design: following the rigid geometries of our project we designed a space that is both a square and both a garden with large flowerbed emerging from the ground. critics Discussing with our teacher they notified us that a rigid subdivision pointed out by the pillars match better with a more regular and symmetric design of the portico profile. We definitely agreed with this idea in order to achieve a more elegant and simple shape.

Also they appreciate the design of the public space and the square inviting us to deepen the others public spaces we didn’t design yet.

In our opinion we understand that this was the right way to follow.

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top model’s view

model’s view scale 1.500 34

study model for Panjiayuan market (portico and multifunction building view)

SEVENTH TERM After the last review we’ve focused a lot on the idea of portico. Firstly we improved it’s design making it more regular as we had discussed, but also we make the long corridor of the portico lighter by using one pillar ending in the vertex of the triangular shape (in the middle) instead than two at the extremities. In this way the portico looks thinner and his border looks soaring towards the sky.

At this point it was evident the potential of using the shingle of the portico as a connection that links together all the market’s wings at the second level. In this way we were able to create a loop in the market circulation that it’s join up by a green stripe. Our bad was to be not persuasive enough to convince teachers of our idea to link by a slope the upper level of the portico with the squares below creating a second level of public space.

Another aspect we wanted to point out was the functional division between the market building and the multifunctional building emerging from a irregular and linear design for the market and a more solid and compact one for the multifunctional

part. This difference is also marked by the different skin of the two building: a solid one with wooden laths for the market and a transparent glass facade for the multifunctional block.

We took also a deeper dive into the design of the public space at the ground floor.

Looking at the gardens we all agreed about the too rigid lines characterizing the plan design so, in order to generate more contrast between natural and artificial elements, we took inspiration from the traditional Chinese gardens proposing sinuous hills and curvy trails.

As for the subdivision of the building between market and functions we wanted to point out the joint symbolizing this difference with a square cut by a water pool.

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panijayuan market garden and wing. Under the wing and the portico space for flea market.

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critics Teachers, in agreement with our design choices, suggested us to explore the possibility to create movement in our masterplan by changing the width of the market wings. We immediately expressed our doubt about that: chancing the width meant also change the interior modular organization of the market that was one of our strength point from the start. tential of using the shingle of the portico as a connection that links together all the market’s wings at the second level. In this way we were able to create a loop in the market circulation that it’s join up by a green stripe. Our bad was to be not persuasive enough to convince teachers of our idea to link by a slope the upper level of the portico with the squares below creating a second level of public space.

Another aspect we wanted to point out was the functional division between the market building and the multifunctional building emerging

from a irregular and linear design for the market and a more solid and compact one for the multifunctional part. This difference is also marked by the different skin of the two building: a solid one with wooden laths for the market and a transparent glass facade for the multifunctional block.

We took also a deeper dive into the design of the public space at the ground floor.

Looking at the gardens we all agreed about the too rigid lines characterizing the plan design so, in order to generate more contrast between natural and artificial elements, we took inspiration from the traditional Chinese gardens proposing sinuous hills and curvy trails.

As for the subdivision of the building between market and functions we wanted to point out the joint symbolizing this difference with a square cut by a water pool.

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idea for a new panijayuan market.

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2.1 Urban Plan 2.2 Master Plan: New interpretation of Market 2.3 Master Plan: New Skyline 2.4 Form Develope

2. DE N S ITY 40

A new interpretation of market in a Chinese city, more especially in Beijing, has several connotations, positive or negative; in which the contemporary architecture play a crucial role to define an equilibrium between the traditional Chinese culture and the new economic ambitions. To understand this fact is important to introduce the context of what is happening in this country in this age of changes.

Architect Peter Cachola Schmal in the edition M in China 8, describe the history board of the architectural transformation in the China context, “the architectural evolution has occurred with blinding speed, the economic opening of the country in the 1980’s brought with it an unstoppable construction boom that initially was handled primarily by government architectural practices.

In the mid -1990s, when foreign architects began to open their own offices in China, it also created opportunities for young Chinese colleagues: new hotel construction for an international public, residential buildings for an emerging middle class, cultural buildings for new leisure activities and private developers necessitated individual solutions, which the large state-run design institutes did not supply�.1

1. M IN CHINA 8 , contemporary Chines Architects, 2009. jovis

However with the fast developments of Chinese economy and culture, many local architects have started to search for regional characteristic, reinterpreting a mix of modernity with local identities. Nowadays the 41

panjiayuan market

Panijayuan market in Beijng on 3th Ring road 42

architects has become more critics about it and it has brought strong position about the big changes that China has evidenced in last years. Architect Zhi Wenjun, for example affirm that “every aspect of contemporary Chinese society has been increasingly influences by the forces of globalization. This is particularly true with architecture, a culture field. Primarily relying on fragmentary and simultaneous transportation of ideas form Western cultures, many Chinese contemporary architectural works lost touch with local contexts and failed to establish connection with the history and culture community.” 2

It is well-known fact that, China as one of the largest developing country in the world and it becomes the country to invert capital; in fact nowadays, for local people the Chinese dream has become to the desire of built, growth and development. As far as the project of a new Panjiayuan market is concerned it has to be seen with two approaches. Firstly with an urban plan, restructuring the urban issues and propose of densification to satisfy the client’s needs of more spaces caused by the market growth and the economic development. And secondly, the new design has to furnish new stalls and shops inside the project, but

furthermore, it musts considerate to remain the identity that always characterized the actual Panjiayuan market.

The definition of a new market, is upgrade it to the China of XXI century, to satisfy the needs of a modern society with economic goals.

As a results, the new antique market brings a new idea of densification, which the market grows up by levels, creating more marketplaces, but at he same time, providing a new urban landscape to the city. A project gives to the people; furnish not only a market, but moreover a public space very accessible with green areas and public squares.

2. M IN CHINA 8 , contemporary Chines Architects, 2009. jovis

Panijayuan market in Beijng on 3th Ring road 43

M S

graphic 1: flows

actual entrance

actualgraphic market 2: Area definition

actual market 44

actual market

what for the new panji

what for the new pan

2.1 URBAN PLAN Before the Master Plan was defined, it was considered urban and architectural issues of the actual market to the definition of the concept of a Master Plan. The rapport between the actual market and the local context is defined through the circulation, accessibility and transport; the diagrams follow show the description of the factor that affect in the urban context.

Firstly the circulation is an important factor to affront, and more carefully when is about a market, by the fact this service brings a lot of traffic and bustle congestions. In the second graphic shows all the pedestrian and vehicular flows; the traffic jams are mostly located on the east and north side caused by the accessibility insufficiencies.

Taking this into account, a second issue is the accessibility; actually the market has limited entrances without distinction of pedestrian flow and goods transportation.

The accessibility failures merging these two flows, which interfere with the shopping course and goods transportation.

The distress hours are at early morning when are opening the gates

to all the traders and customers that create bustle congestions and affect the surrounded traffic. Thirdly, as far as the transport is concerned it has a big opportunity, in the future, it is thinking to link directly the subway station with an entrance of the market, that permit more accessible and permeable to the market.

In the third graphic shows the different types of market inside the walls, the most popular are the permanent market, the flea market and the sculptures area. The market is disposed inside a close area with several buildings for different destinations. At the east side is located mostly all the flea market in a semi-cover space, in the middle part there are the malls for the permanent market and the exhibition hall and in the west side there are the buildings of parking lots with a flea market at open air. What make popular the Panjiayuan market is this diversity of market and the identity is thanks to the traders, goods and people, not only by the buildings, as well as each space is unique for the atmosphere that creates: colourful, unique and exotic.

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0

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40 m

perspective section of existent panjiayuan market

0

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25 m



 









perspective elevation of all the market 46



 



 



 

 





  



      

 





 

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 

    

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  

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

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graphic 3: entrance

new main entrance

graphic 4: vehicular and pedestrian flows

pedestrian and vehicular circulation 48

pedestrian and vehicular circulati

new market print

2.2 MASTER PLAN: NEW

INTERPRETATION OF MARKET So the questions are, what make the market unique respect to another Chinese market in Beijing? Which is the identity of the Market? What is the Panjiayuan market? Inside the study areas there are some elements that have been consider, as opportunity to don’t loose the identity of the market. In fact, the goal of the project to get the identity of the past market, it is through the environments that create the architecture spaces more than preserving the same architectonic buildings. . So the architectonic design is considered to recreate and/or improve the atmosphere of these particular markets, i.e. to the flea market an architectonic space related on a semi cover space more linked with public space; or the permanent with the idea of shopping mall.

The project was developed from a concept of master plan that bring to an architectural shape. Firstly to create a new vision of how the market has to settle in the urban context, it was reinterpreted the idea of wall to the market, indeed the walls actually are creating a division between

inside and outside the market; so the idea is bring back to the context a relation between them. Se best side to bring a relationship with the context is the north side, because respect to rest, this façade is the most accessible and will connect the actual flows (graphic two).

Secondly another aspect very important to resolve is the circulation, so the goal is divide the pedestrian flow with the vehicular traffic to separate the shopping live with the goods transportation, which should not be mixed. As a result the pedestrian flow go through the north side, it connects with the subway station and goes along the project, merging the shopping activities in the market with public space. While at south side, behind the market, which is more close and private respect the north side, it uses to the vehicular circulation. In that way the goods transportation will supplies as well along the project to distributes from west to east; a difference of the actual transportation that is concentrated at the West part and then the distribute, that is the cause of traffic jams.

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final model view

final model view on wing, portico and chinese garden 50

2.3 MASTER PLAN: NEW SKYLINE

The new market tries to change the skyline of the area, with a density propose working by levels and letting the ground floor free to supply the context with public spaces. At the north side disappears the walls, it becomes the permeable entrances of the project; the building has been risen of the ground floor, called “UNDER THE MARKET”, to provide a semi-cover space to flea market, connect directly with the public spaces; in which the passageways becomes market and the market turns out to be public space.

Inside the courtyards to release of the stress of shopping activities, there are situated green areas and squares to bring the public spaces that need the context.

2.4 FORM DEVELOPE 1.

Liu jang Blocks

2.

Private courtyard

3.

Block partition

4.

Rise the building

5.

Public space design

6.

Link to the multifunctional building 7.

West side connection

Some of the new services add it in the new project in respect to the client’s requirements are: offices, exhibition mall/museum and auctions. It was decided distinguish two big spaces: the market and the multifunctional building within all these services.

However these two blocks are connected through the public space despite their functional division.

The architectonic grows out of the Master Plan, and the esthetic form represents an architecture intention to guarantee the aims of the concept of a new Panjiayuan market in Beijing. The form development follows some steps before arrive the final composition, in this way it is explaining how the project becomes from his origins of simple line ideas, to an architecture project.

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2.4 FORM DEVELOPE 1. LIUJANG blocks The formal piece follows the criterion of the Master Plan. Firstly the building divides the pedestrian flow of the vehicular traffic; ESENTIAL FORM

additionally the transversal wings segment the public space in courtyards to create a dynamic space at the north side.

ESENTIAL FORM

2. private courtyard At the West side one courtyard is separate for the rest to settled the multifunctional building.

ESENTIAL FORM

ESENTIAL FORM

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3. block partition Behind the longitudinal building is created parking lots along the building to the transportation of goods and at the West part is placed a building for depostis The courtyards are disposed to the public space with a big square that divide the market with multifunctional building.

4. wings elevation The buildings rise of the ground floor to create the access at the East side under the building and create the semi-cover space to the market.

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5. public space design The public space is distinguish by the auditorium at the access of the subway station, two garden among the market wings, a big square that divide the market with multifunctional building and the private sculpture garden .

It is placed vertical connection under the wings to connect to the others market levels.

6. link the multifunctional building Connect the multifunctional building with the storage .

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7. west side connection To get accessible form the West side is elevated the wings of the multifunctional building and pass through the private garden and arrive to the market .

8. portico circulation and unmark the north walks passage. At the ground level connects with the semi-cover spaces and in the second level, create an external circulation to connect with different wing.

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view on panijayuan market model idea 56

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3.1 Market 3.2 Flea Market 3.3 Permanent Market 3.4 Chinese Garden 3.5 Exhibition and Sculpture garden 3.6 Offices/Hotel/Auction

3. T YPOL OGY 58

The project in order to satisfy the client’s requirements, is organized by different public and private functions; nevertheless all the uses are connected through public space or some of them are linked according to the relation between their role.

Essentially the project is divided in two main functions: the market and the multifunctional building.

Firstly, the market is situated in the East side of the project to give a direct connection from the subway to the two different typologies of market available according to the actual Panjiuyuan market: the flea market and permanent market.

Besides, to guarantee public space on the ground floor, there are a series of gardens inside the courtyards, based on the antic and known art of Chinese Garden.

Secondly, the multifunctional building, on the West side, is conformed by the offices building, exhibition hall, sculpture garden, auction hall and a hotel. The multifunctional building is a complex with a central courtyard and a variety of uses and spaces related to each other.

Moreover, the building complex counts with a parking lot, which is separated of the public areas, providing spaces of good’s transportation, parking places, improving traders’ circulation.

Additionally it has an underground level accessible from the street behind the buildings for parking and deposits.

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market multifunctional building

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3.1 MARKET Some of the most attracting reason for which the actual Panjiayuan Market is very popular are the authenticity of each stall, the traders and the goods. In fact, there are many kind of Chinese antiques on sale among the thousands of stalls in the market: paintings, calligraphy, ceramics, jade, furniture, coins, army surplus, Buddhist artifacts and much more. Another event for which is very known the actual market is the Ghost market, the reason why it became famous, one of the most typical in Beijing, also called night markets, is organized and supported by the rich and royal families, who exchanged their antiques or precious possessions for money at night; in this case in early hours when it is still dark before sunshine.

This variety of art and crafts is thanks to the diversity of spaces and types of markets inside the area, which responds to the necessity of each trader, on how they want to sell or barter their merchandise. Actually the principal types of markets are the flea, permanent and spread market, which are divided in zones respecting the goods in sale. Besides, spatially

each zone differs from each other to create different atmospheres: semi covered areas, open air, shops and malls. Panjiayuan market is known for this historical market and is truly a market packed with Chinese traditional culture.

The idea to settled a new market in the area, is to establish new spaces in order to contain a bigger amount of shops and traders without loosing the essence of the traditional Panjiayuan market. Taking this into account, a distinction among types of markets is established; the flea market and the permanent market, with some spatial characteristic that called the essence of the actual market even if is within a new building. The flea market is designed to provide at the ground floor the traditional and current semi covered space under the buildings, for all the traders who prefer sell or barter merchandise such as a street market. Thus, in order to guarantee an expansion of market, there is the permanent market on a high level, which replaced the existed one, providing more shops of middle and high levels.

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flea Market restaurants

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3.2 FLEA MARKET The flea market is located at the ground floor, connected to the subway station through a covered passage, which connects the three semi-covered spaces destined for stalls of the street market. The semicovered market takes up again the idea of the actual flea market as a space to sell and barter organized and distributed by the own traders, recreating the same atmosphere that made particular the Panjiayuan market. Between the three zones of sales, there are courtyards at open air, the first at the East has a little auditorium with access to the subway, and the others two designed as Chinese gardens.

Another goal is to connect the public space with the flea market. For this reason, the principal passage in the north side form the East until the last building of the permanent market, is under a “Portico� which connects directly the flea market from underneath. Additionally to create accessible each part of the market, a series of vertical connection were disposed to lead to the permanent market, throughthe principal stairs on the north side of each semi-

covered space, and a sequence of lifts that are placed along the buildings.

The cover is designed to represent continuity with the public space without interruption, then the slopes create a dynamic roof and go along the building and through the public passage cover. At the end of the Portico is a square that spatially divide the market from the multifunctional building and gives access to the exhibition restaurants Another request from the stakeholders was to improve the deficit of services such us restaurants and bathrooms. On the longest building, the one that goes from East to west, are situated the restaurants and other services in front of the courtyards. The two level restaurants are linkedto the halls at the end of the road of each semicovered space that connects with the rest of the market. Behind the restaurants are located facilities such as deposits and public restrooms.

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permanet market hall

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new permanent market

actual permanent market

actual flea market

new permanent market 3.3 PERMANENT MARKET

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actual flea market

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project tipology of market

The permanent market is situated on the Eastern part of the area, and is composed by the four buildings “fingers� raised of the floor and a part of the longest building. The permanent market is reachable through the different connections from the ground floor, however the main entrance is in the north side through the main stairs that bring to the front of the building and through the big Halls that connect the different walkways.

building of 24 meters width. The grid helps to define the module of shops, using two types of shops: middle shop, 4x8 meters and high level shop 8x8 meters. The result is a series of walkways of different project tipology passages to discover the market in different ways. Secondly the small and big halls, among the modules have the function to connect the passages on the different levels with the stairs and lifts that connect as well to the ground floor.

The concept used to design this area was to create an alternative way project tipology of market of distribution on a shopping mall, and instead of a straight circulation the idea is to propose dynamicity of walkways and the variety of spaces. Also the middle and highlevel shops are mergedon the same space, without zoning classification.

The result is a block of shops uses as a module that is repeated it over the buildings with halls in between.

The façade of the permanent market is completely involved by vertical wooden slats, affixed to the surface of the wall. The cross section of the slats is modulated in correspondence with the window strip so that requirements of sight and sun protection are fulfilled, and providing panoramic visuals. The window strips, which run along the edge of the internal corridor and halls, emphasis the visual relationship between outdoor/indoor.

Firstly the module came from a Grid of 4x4 meters putted it inside the

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Chinese Garden

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3.4 CHINESE GARDEN The design of green spaces on the courtyards is based on the traditional Chinese garden with a contemporary adaptation. Theseis gardens take design concepts with a new interpretation to recreate a green space with areas of relaxation and to go for a walk. First of all, before explaining the result, is essential to make an introduction of the Famous Chinese garden. “The European culture, only till the XVIII century, experienced a fusion between painting and the art of landscape garden, as opposed to the Chinese culture, which from its origins linked those two artistic expressions. The Chinese garden is often compared to a scroll painting where the artist and poets have through his mastery of ink and brush, captured the feeling of wild-nature.

The Chinese paint had to give his material a conventionalized form; the spaces, buildings and movement routes formed the static structure of his imaginary painting. The garden designer was thus able to call upon a panoply of elements to structure and furnish his creation; buildings, rocks trees, plants and garden artifacts were deployed in laying out the garden.� 3 When the Chinese landscape architect set about his design he had three main objectives in mind to create a strong sense of place

and occasion: OJECTS-SPACEMOVEMENT. First, the siting of object, which primarily instance were the main hall and its scenery of water and rockery. Secondly, he had to arrange the inclusion of space and establish the ground plan of the walled areas of the garden. Thirdly, the artist organized the pathway routes throughout the garden, ordering the patterns of movement.

There are three elements that define the project of the green areas, the rocks, mountains and the water.

The rocks or hills, make reference to the magnificence of the mountains in the Chinese landscape; with a purpose of replaced or make fell inside a wild-natural environment.

The water is another element always present in garden, with the idea to bring serenity and peace.

Going back to the project, the explanations from above were considered . There was also an interpretation of the principal elements which distinguish the Chinese garden: water, rocks and mountains. The idea is moving the eyelevel both horizontally and vertically, so that the stroller through the garden saw a constantly changing series of views. For this matter, the green areas are formed as small hills that create the organic passage, and to represent the water, there is some square with shallow steps to create places to relax.

3. THE CHINESE GARDEN: histroy ,art and architecture, Keswick Maggie, 1979, london academy 71

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3.5 EXHIBITION

SCULPTURE GARDEN

The exhibition mall is located in front of the big square, goes along the largest building, and passes through the courtyard. The exhibition building works as a bridge between the market area and the multifunctional buildings, connecting these two functions. The plan should be flexible in order to allow the subdivision of the space in small or medium rooms to expose different art and crafts of the Panjiuyuan market. Furthermore there are two kinds of exhibition:the first one is indoor, which exhibits art and craft, and the second is the sculpture garden located inside the courtyard of the multifunctional building, and work as a private garden.

The sculpture garden, located on the courtyard, is designed very different respect from the Chinese garden.

The concept was to propose the opposite:, if the garden calls the culture of the Chinese tradition, the sculpture garden parts from a rational design. The garden is composed by stall for the sculptures

raised form the floor and the walkways are formed by this shapes.

The sculpture garden is pass over the Hotel on the West side to invite a pedestrian flow to cross through the multifunctional building and pass to the Market or the exhibition main entrance.

The exhibition at the ground floor is directly linked to passage with the market on a side and furnished with information points, deposits, shop tickets and offices. At same time at the ground floor is an auditorium at the west side that connects directly with hotel lobby. On the other floors there are a series of pavilions to exhibit different collections, with a temporary exhibition, workshops classrooms, library and offices.

Most of the pavilions have double high to furnish tall spaces for any kind of exhibition. The central space connects all the pavilions through the main stairs, situated on the intersection the buildings. On top of that the stairs is the auction floor.

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hotel offices action

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3.6 OFFICES / HOTEL / AUCTION The multifunctional building is composed by offices, hotel and an Auction hall. These three buildings enclosed the courtyard and compose the big square at the west side. At the same time, to create a permeable circulation from East to west, the hotel and the exhibition has been rising to create a passage trough the sculpture garden ending in the big square. The offices, conform the northern façade of the multifunctional building, raising from the ground floor that divides the secret garden of the pedestrian walkway.

The multifunctional building is distinguished of the market because it reaches one level more to establish the auction and the Hotel.

The office building is located in the northwest of the project and its entrance to the lobby is at the east side public square. The first floor is disposed with a series of common areas, furniture and plantings to create a calming environment for the guests and the businessmen.

Lighting aside, the exterior walls of the building will play an important role in its interior atmosphere. These allows more natural lighting and greater access to city views, with windows scales according to how close they are to the structure. This building helps to make it not only a remarkable item on the square, but also puts extra emphasis on its location as a busy traffic junction.

The auction is situated on the top of the exhibition and the principal access is given by the same vertical connection of the museum. As requested for the stakeholders, the auction is provided with numerous auction halls and has two secondary connection of semi private access, from the office and to the storage. The storage is the most private building of the square. It is located behid all the other buildings and its entrance allows a better transportation of goods from the auction exhibition until the transportation out of the market. At the same time it is connected with terraces that take to

the restaurant of the hotel and café, one of two best places to view the sculpture garden.

Even if the hotel was not a client’s requirements, inside the project is inserted to give an extra service and make of the project a complex with global ambitions,encouraging international customers. On account of the fact that the auction hall will bring international customers interested in sculptures and arts of the Panjiayuan Market, the Hotel is inserted at East side of the project, and it becomes on the East Façade of the project. The Hotel has the main entrance between the vehicular gate and the pedestrian access of the sculpture garden. Besides at the ground floor is a passage to connect directly to the exhibition halls and possible conferences.

Additionally, a connectionwith the auction is established throughout the restaurant/ café on the last floor with a terrace, which links these two functions, creating a close circuit between exhibition/hotel/Auction.

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3.1 People 3.2 Vehicles 3.3 Goods

4. CI RC U L ATION 88

The circulation issue was the starting point of our design in order to get out of the complexity in handling different flows in the same area.

Different functions as the market, the exhibition halls, the storage, the offices and the hotel have all the same circulation problem: the management of people’s flows, cars’ flow and goods’ flow.

Our main goal was to keep the people’s flows separated from the vehicular one (which correspond with the main flow of goods as well). To be successful we decided to use our building, longitudinally orientated, as a dividing wall between the two main streams distinguishing the accesses: people enter the building from the North side while the goods and the vehicles from South.

In this way we were able to design the continuous big pedestrian public space that is one of our project’s main strength.

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Huawei Rd. ground floor plan - people circulation diagram 90

4.1 PEOPLE 3rd Ring Rd.

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Pedestrians can access the market from the north side of the block and freely walk around the public space we’ve designed.

In particular we expect that most of the people enter the area from the North-East side where the subway stop is located.

From there, a portico will provide a covered way connecting all the areas below the raised wings.

Following this covered path people can access to the main stair halls of the market, located at the junction between the raised wings and the main longitudinal fabric.

These halls, with two elevators and a big staircase, are the main vertical connection inside the building.

The raised wings are all horizontally connected by the same portico that works as a footbridge as well, and vertically connected to the ground and underground level by elevators and another staircase located in plan at the North top of the wings, at the internal border of the portico.

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While in between the distribution halls in the longitudinal building the commercial gallery is continuous, in the middle of the raised wings we designed secondary distribution halls that allow people moving up or down through the market S Storage levels creating a more intricate and zone LZ Loading interesting game of connections.

Goods way Underground good’s way

Pedestrians that want to access the 91

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hotel or the office building can easily do it from the surrounding streets or from the inner public space.

Their respective halls, indeed, are accessible from both the sides.

People’s flow Goods’ flow

From the inside, in the office building, a sculptural staircase define the empty space of a skylight well creating a sophisticated link between levels while two safety staircases, both of them provided with two elevators facing a buffer space (for safety reasons in case of fire), guarantee a more direct vertical connection, also in case of emergency.

The office building is linked at the very far ends both with the hotel building and the exhibition building allowing to people that works there to move faster, without moving outdoor.

The hotel has two safety staircases organized as in the office building.

As we said, besides the connection with the office building, the hotel is also linked at the ground level with the exhibition area in order to keep a closer contact between costumers staying in the hotel closer and the exhibited or for sale goods.

People can access the exhibition and auction building from the central plaza, coasting the water pool in its middle.

The welcoming area is provided with reception desk, cash desk and wardrobe service and it’s directly connected to the big distribution hall, located at the intersection of the longitudinal fabric and the longest raised wing.

The exhibition hall is connected to all the functions expected in the area (storage included) working at the same time as a filter and as a cornerstone between the market and the other functions.

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ground floor plan - vehicles circulation diagram 98

3rd Ring Rd.

4.2 VEHICLES The vehicular access to the market is on Huawei Rd., on the West side of the area, where vehicles can enter the underground parking through a slope or head on the back-street leading to the 3rd Ring Rd. Vehicles enter and exit the underground park from the same large slope we because we though about a loop route in order to manage the traffic: vehicles can easily go through the underground level in anticlockwise direction and return back to the entrance.

The back-street is a 14 m wide one way street that allows to vehicles to stand along the side of the street to load and unload goods in the dedicated loading zones. After the loading phase they can directly head on to the 3rd Ring Rd. This back-street is mostly dedicated to sellers and couriers needs in moving goods but every vehicles can drive through it during the opening time of the market.

Ground level parking lots, facing the same back-street, are provided for staff use only as the clients required.

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InPeople’s addiction toway these main accesses, covered zone LZ Loading staff’s back-doors are located Pedestrian Access Goods wayon the South side of the longitudinal Underground good’s way building, facing the vehicular path.

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As for the customers’ vehicles, the ones carrying goods have the same options: goods dispatched at the market can be stored underground so vehicles can access directly to the underground level through the slope from Huawei Rd. or vehicles can stop in the loading zones on the back of the distribution halls, along the street side, and then head to the 3rd Ring Rd. Another loading zone is located in front of the storage entrance, sheltered by the longest wing so the most precious goods – that will be stored there – will not get wet in case of rain.

Vertically goods are moved by elevators and goods lifts located in the distribution halls. Where precious goods are supposed to be moved a separated service channel is provided (exhibition and auction building) both vertically (exhibition and auction) than horizontally (auction area only).

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In the market building, supposing goods are moved before or after the opening time, people and goods are sharing the same distribution ways, both vertically (elevators) and horizontally (corridors).

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It’s a reasonable critique to point out that, if a seller needs to carry some goods from the storage to the shop and vice versa, the transportation could be really uncomfortable 101

first floor plan - people circulation diagram 102

or dangerous sharing the same distribution ways of costumers. The same could be true if a courier needs to deliver some goods to the seller.

But, thinking of the kinds of sold items in this market, it’s likewise reasonable that small items can be stored in large quantities in the shop and the seller can stock the shop in the morning before the opening time.

While, for bulky and precious items as antiquities or furniture – it’s really improbable that the seller needs to stock the shop during the opening time.

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In this way it’s easier and faster to move bulky and/or precious goods.

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fourth floor plan - people circulation diagram 108

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5.1 Flea market 5.2 Chinese gardens 5.3 Squares 5.4 Sculpture garden

5. CU LTUR E 112

Another aspect we gave an high priority is the social attitude of our project, in particular about how can our project being lived by people during the different times of the day. This was our main issue in the creation of a big public space in a city where the urban tissue is so dense and sealed off to the surround.

Our project wants to create a sequence of different public spaces that people can enjoy all day long: an amphitheater-shaped square welcomes people from the metro station, relaxing chinese style gardens alternate with the uproar of the flea market areas, a placid squared with a water pool is at the same time the breaking point and the element of union between the two macro-blocks of the project (the market one and the multifunctional one) and a sculpture garden creates an outdoor art gallery.

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4.1 FLEA MARKET Let’s try to imagine a market where sellers come from all around China summoned here by the Panjiyuan’s celebrity, and costumers are both Chinese people and tourists from all around the world, a market that start at the sunrise and runs until the sunset every day, both during the winter’s cold and the summer’s hot wave.

Think about a place where people can freely move through improvised stands selling any kind of unexpected vintage goods organized by form, color and dimension in a colorful and noisy environment, a place where trade is a skill game between people in catching the best object at the best prices making you living the moment more like a play than a real deal.

And now imagine this place changing after the sunset, becoming a free space that people can enjoy as they please: meeting other people, dancing, practicing tai chi, playing chess and so on.

This is our vision, our goal: we want to create a “living” space.

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a view of the flea market running during the day 116

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a view of the flea market running during the night 118

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view on the last market wing and subway entrance 120

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a view on market hall 121

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4.2 CHINESE GARDEN “What can be better than a green oasis in between the uproar of the market and the noise of the surrounding city?”

This is what we asked to us thinking about the design of this area. We imagined a garden where people can have a break from the frenetic atmosphere of the market.

A space provided with small squares and green areas where parents can play with their children and people can just sit down enjoying the nice weather or having a good meal bought in the market.

“Can we create a garden able to be a symbol of the market’s spirit? “ The gardens refer to the ancient Chinese gardens tradition as a cultural reference to the past that encounters modernity pointing out, once again, our wish to maintain a tight relationship with the Chinese culture.

a view on chinese garden from flea market spaces

Another aspect of the Chinese gardens that we personally enjoyed is the faculties of inspire calm and quiet to people; so we tried to imagine the feeling of experience shopping surrounded by this kind of green belt.

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a view on the central square

4.3 SQUARES In the western culture, squares are the beating heart of the cities, the urban place where “things happen” defining the vivid soul of the city.

Squares can be considered as city’s “living room” and, with this idea in our mind, we designed an amphitheater-shaped square facing the subway access. Here, people are welcomed in this big plaza, a blank space that people will define with their activities attributing to it its character. We didn’t want to design just a meeting point, our idea is to create a place where people can freely express themselves, a performing area where street artists can amuse people by day while bigger performances can run by night.

The second square, instead, has a monumental character. It represent the connection point between the two different macro-blocks of our project: the market building on one side and the multifunctional one on the other. The water pool will guide people to the welcoming area of the exhibition building but still linked to the market acting a real division on people’s flow.

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a view of the sculpture garden 126

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4.4 SCULPTURE GARDEN Facing the water pool plaza, the sculpture garden wants to be an open air gallery that people – and costumer – can enjoy 24h a day.

Here, irregular platforms at two different heights, raise up the exposed sculpture placed on top of them. Their shape fragments the space creating more articulated and non linear paths in order to catch the attention of people crossing the square.

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We decided to place the sculpture garden in the inner courtyard outlined by the multifunctional building with regard to its visibility: it’s in a strategic point, faced by all the other functions (hotel, offices and exhibition), creating a constant visual connection between the inside of the above-mentioned functions and the exterior public space.

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top view on exhibition hall 130

auditorium seen from stage connected to exhibition spaces and hotel hall 131

6.1 Permanent Market 6.2 Portico Roofscape 6.3 Multifunctional Faรงade

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6. F O C U S 132

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The last step of the project emphasizes on three essential concept issues of the New Panjiuyuan Market: a sheltered passage on the footbridge, the design of the permanent market and the multifunctional building envelope. Each one of these single proposes leads to an architectural development located in different places in the total project.

Portico Roofscape A covered passage that connects all the wings at the upper level becomes essential, since during the coldest seasons people would need a shelter from rain throughout the footbridge. The proposal focuses on this aspect.

Permanent Market Beside the Flea market, the actual project demonstrates a unique identity within the shops of middle and high level, reason why we considered going deeper in the design, inside one of the blocks of the permanent market. The design attempts to recreate the environment in the shop spaces with a proposal of interior design.

Multifunctional Faรงade Looking at our building design, we agreed that the breaking point between the market building and the multifunctional block was too strong: they seamed to be two different buildings with nothing to do one with the other because of the facades.

So we decided to develop the multifunctional building envelope.

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PERMANENT MARKET 134

6.1 PERMANENT MARKET The concept of the permanent market is to lift it up the flea market to increase the customers and improve the diversity of goods. Furthermore, the interior design makes reference to the Hutongs street shop, to bring the same atmosphere that characterizes China’s different level shopping.

The market attempts to provide dynamic paths to discover the market in different ways that allow several spatial relations for the customers.

Modules, as explained before, organize the permanent market.

At the same time, halls separate these modules. Besides, there are bridges and vertical connections to interweave the singular paths in the three levels of the market. The module is designed to provide four paths correlated by each other, disposed to consent natural light and spatial relationship. Primarily, there is a central path at the first level of the block. On the upper levels, other ways are disposed linking each path through bridges and stairs.

Regarding the shops, clients require two types of it, middle and high level.

Inside the market, to create a formal distinction was not possible without a division of the two levels. However, there are two characteristics that distinguish the shops: firstly, there is flexibility on the dimension that depends on the 4x4 meter module. In this way, the shops measures range

from 4mx8m to 12mx8m. Secondly, the placement of each shop creates secondary pathways at the third and second floor to situate shops exclusive shops.

The furniture within the market was designed making reference to the Chinese Hutongs, especially to the traditional characteristics of a repetitive pattern found in doors, windows and shutters with modernity interpretations.

Inside the project, there are four elements that shape the internal fronts: firstly, the opening of the façade with a shutter as sun protection to look into the internal gardens. Secondly and thirdly, the windows and doors that make reference to modern furniture are found in the modern restructuration of the Tea houses and other Chinese shops.

Lastly, it is the ornaments and goods that traders bring to sell that make the market full of identity and characterizes the unique spaces.

According to this, the architecture just works as an intermediary space to maintain the original and traditional concept of the market. To give life to the permanent market, apart from the three elements described, the elements found in it (crafts, Tibetans crafts, pictures, lamps, teapots, antique goods) help to make this happen.

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permanent market circulation 136

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door pattern

perspective section on market wing and flea market 138

second floor wimdows pattern

elevator pattern

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inside the corridor of permanent market 140

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View inside the permanent market 144

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PO RTI C O R O O F S C A P E 146

6.2 ROOFSCAPE PORTICO The need of connecting the market wings with a protected path (partly heated) that creates a continuous circulation to the market’s first level.

The project has gone through four principal stages: (1) The footbridge touches ground and becomes a distribution and connection element between the market’s ground floor and first floor. (2) The footbridge becomes a portico and it’s presented as a cover element of the pedestrian path that leads from the subway station to the head of the block. (3) The portico becomes pedestrian and allows the connection between ªthe market’s wings. (4) The portico is covered enlarging the roof of the wings and dividing the walkway into a covered section and an uncovered section.

The architectural proposal is based on the creation of two different fronts: on one side a fourth garden front and on the other side an uncover passage with a natural atmosphere.

Firstly the cover section is designed to create continuity between the buildings with the lattice frontage.

Besides, there are openings on this façade disposed to focus the attention on the gardens; these windows make reference on the typical concept of the window in Chinese gardens, in which the opening has a artistic role to frame the garden as a painting. Secondly at the north façade, the idea was to create another passage on a uncover space enjoying the natural environment and visual of the city.

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circulation diagram. Show the covered connection between wings flow legend inside the market between ground floor and market first floor through covered footbridge outside covered footbridge under covered footbridge 148

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footbridge’s evolution

1. the footbridge touches ground and becomes a distribution and connec-

tion element between the market’s ground floor and first floor.

2. The footbridge becomes a portico. The new structure are columns, not more wall

under footbridge cover 150

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3. The footbridge becomes a portico and it’s presented as a cover element of the pedestrian path that leads from the subway station to the head of the block.

4. The portico becomes pedestrian and allows the connection between ªthe market’s wings.

view from footbridge to chinese garden 152

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5. The portico is covered enlarging the roof of the wings.

6. The portico is covered dividing the walkway into a covered section (heated spaces) and an uncovered section (garden space)

view on footbridge to the wing end 154

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View from the chinese garden 156

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MULT I F U N C T I O NA L FA Ç A D E 158

6.3 MULTIFUNCTIONAL BUILDING ENVELOPE The multifunctional building envelope was born from the desire to link this block to the market building in a synergistic dialogue but at the same time to point out the different role it has.

Different functions as an hotel, an office building, an auction hall and an exhibition space are concentrated in the same block but they all share, by necessity and by choice, the intent to create a strong visual relationship between the inside and the outside.

Obviously the hotel and the office needs a minimum amount of lights for practical reason but we decide to design a glass facade in order to get an airy environment where the light changing during the day inscribes the space.

Our goal was also to maintain a visual connection everywhere between the client and the exhibited goods in the sculpture garden in order to maintain a continuity also between the indoor space and outdoor one as we did for the auction hall and the exhibition building.

For the above mentioned reason we decided to keep the curtain wall facade and to apply on it a layer of wooden strips vertically orientated to create a relationship with the market building but maintaining the envelope’s transparency.

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LAYERS OF THE WOODEN PATTERN

The facade broken into parts 160

THE WOODEN PATTERN

THE CURTAIN WALL

So, looking at the traditional Chinese windows’ patterns, we decided to break them into parts and simplify these geometries in a random overlaying of squared shapes to apply to the facade, ascribing to these shapes a different wideness of the wooden strips.

The pattern we’ve created in this way was overlapped again at the curtain wall and it was intersected by the slabs of the floors – which can be considered a pattern as well - in order to create a more complex design that doesn’t mask the building’s inner layout.

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THE FACADE

The design scheme adapts to the modular dimension of the curtain wall facade, that has an axle spacing between the struts of 1,5 meters, so the wooden strips has an axle spacing of 30 cm that allow us to hide curtain wall frames.

The result is a sculptural facade in which coexist a mix of materiality and transparency, depending on which direction you are looking at it.

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Elevation and section 162

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Front view (daytime) 164

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Front view (nighttime) 166

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View on the sculpture garden (daytime) 168

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View on the sculpture garden (nighttime) 170

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View from the exhibition space 172

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7. CO NC L US ION 174

It is a well-known fact that China is a country that it has been developing with a extraordinary speed in the last years, in which the architecture has a crucial role that has been defining the changes of the city. We realize that China is in a very different context respect Europe or America in every aspect, cultural, social and economic growth. One of the things that we note most in our experience in China and working with Chinese colleagues, was the fact that the architecture reality in China has been sacrificing his own past to update him in the contemporary age to satisfy the economic needs. However in last years, China has began to consider it as a cultural and architectural issue, and lot of architects have a critic view respect that; our project in fact, attempted to make a position respect this urban issue, and we argue that the architecture should be a positive force in re-interpreting cultural traditions and facilitating diversity through the identity of spaces.

The final results of the Joint Studio 2014 shows the diversity of approach that the market could have and how each one had a different view for the market inserted on the Beijing contemporary. In general aspects the main goal of each project to define the design of the market, was enforce the culture and the traditional

identity that has characterized the market in all this years. On the other hand in our project, we concentrated in the importance of public spaces inside the square to give an urban place to the city and a local space to the people. In fact, we were also really impressed by the lack of public spaces in a city dense as Beijing, and their conception of public space, more rigid and restrictive for some aspects like the way to live it, the accessibility and connections with the urban fabrics, but also in other cases we found it full of live at night, even more that other parts of other western countries. That’s why we have decided to distinguish our project by the strong presence of a public space characterized by a more western vision, but taking in consideration focus more on the social aspect in the urban space instead of the architectural one that gave us a new point of view.

In conclusion, our point of view is that the architecture is defined by the culture and social acts that is constantly growing and the context in which is changing. So, the experience that we earned in China was give us a personal purpose to discover the different cultures through the architecture and cities that define unique identities and diversity of society.

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8. BIBLIOGRAFY AND SITOGRAPHY

M IN CHINA 8 , contemporary Chines Architects, 2009. Jovis PECHINO: la cittĂ nuova, Claudio Greco e Carlo Santoro, 2008, Skira, Milano THE CHINESE GARDEN: histroy ,art and architecture, Keswick Maggie, 1979, London Academy edition CREATING A CHINESE GARDEN, David Engel, 1986, London Croom Helm THE CHINESE GARDEN: garden types for contemporary landascpe architecture, Binca Maria Rinaldi, 2011, Basel

http://kkaa.co.jp _ Kengo Kuma website, detail http://www.chinese-architects.com/en/amateur _ Shu Wang, detail http://www.oma.eu _ Rem Koolhaas, Horizontal Skyscraper http://www.fosterandpartners.com _ Norman Foster, Abu Dhabi Market http://www.turenscape.com/english/ _ Tunerscaper, chinese garden

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Un sentito grazie ai professori italiani e cinesi che ci hanno condotti fin qui.

Ai nostri genitori che ci hanno sostenuti e ci hanno permesso di vivere un esperienza indimenticabile, con compagni di viaggio unici.

E agli amici vecchi e nuovi che ci hanno sopportato nei lunghi periodi di assenza.