FULCRUM Campus.Harvest.Community
By: Reisha Allport, Sara Cheikelard Adrienne Fulmer
FULCRUM Campus.Harvest.Community
Site Selection Climate Analysis
Site Analysis
Site Analysis
Building Planning Unit Planning
Comprehensive Details Structural Systems Mechanical Systems Facade Details Sustainable Strategies
Final Design Details Design Conclusions Model Photos
Comprehensive Details
Master Planning
Final Design
Conceptual Design
Conceptual Design
Program Analysis
Site Analysis
Site Selection POTENTIAL POTENTIAL SITE SITE LOCATIONS LOCATIONS 1. Lightsey Bridge Area 1. Lightsey Bridge Area 2. Old Stone Church Road 2. Old Stone Church Road 3. Across from Armory 3. Across from Armory 4. Y-Beach Area 4. Y-Beach Area
20% 20% 20% 20% 12.5% 12.5% 12.5% 12.5% 12.5% 12.5% 7.5% 7.5% 7.5% 7.5% 7.5% 7.5%
WEIGHTED CRITERIA WEIGHTED CRITERIA
Distance from Campus Core Distance from Campus Core Amenties Amenties Avoiding crossing Major Roads Avoiding crossing Major Roads Low Site Noise Low Site Noise Seasonal Rowdiness Seasonal Rowdiness Safety (Water/ Street Proximity) Safety (Water/ Street Proximity) Residential Feel Residential Feel Site Topography/ Water Management Site Topography/ Water Management
44
11
22
33
Site Analysis
SITE CHOICE SITE 1: Lightsey Bridge Area
85% SITE 2: Old Stone Church Road
SITE 3 : Across From Armory
SITE 4: Y- Beach Area
55% 45% 65%
Climate Analysis CONCLUSIONS: Winter Strategies Passive & Active Solar
REL
100%
Summer Strategy: Comfort Ventilation
80%
ATIV E
HUM
60%
Comfort Ventilation
IDIT
Y
40%
Thermal Comfort Zone Nov Jun
Jul Aug 20%
May
Passive & Active Solar
Oct Apr Nov Mar
Dec Jan Feb 0% °F
10°
20°
30°
DRY BULB TEMPERATURE
40°
50°
60°
70°
80°
90°
100°
Psychrometric Chart for Clemson, SC - Hot Humid Climate
Site Analysis an wm Ne
Pe r
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Ro
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Com m
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Cou rt
ad Ro
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RAINWATER RUNOFF The central part of the site is the most elevated, hence the majority of stormwater drains to the most southern edge of the site. The site also drops 12’-15’ along the edge of Perimeter Road.
Climate Analysis
Prevailing Winds KEY Prevailing Wind Direction throughout the year - 0-25 MPH Secondary Wind Direction Summer & Spring - 0-19 MPH
Site Analysis SOLAR ENERGY HARVESTING KEY Jun 21 Sep 21/ Mar 21 Dec 21
8am 12pm 4pm
Program Analysis 1 MILE RADIUS COMMUNITY ZONE
Arts & Entertainment Center Bank/ATM Convenience Store Daycare Center Dry Cleaner Fire Station Fitness Center/Gym Green Space Library Medical Office Museum Pharmacy Police Station Post Office Place of Worship Restaurant School Sporting Arenas Supermarket Retail
CAMPUS ZONE
HARVEST ZONE
Site Analysis RETAIL VS RESIDENTIAL
Retail
Residential
Program Analysis
What do graduate students want? ....They want to be a part of the larger campus community, but form a smaller, more intimate community within. ....They want a variety of outdoor spaces.
Site Analysis
This proposal for Clemson University’s main campus, graduate student housing focuses on creating a balance between three determining factors: the need to maintain density to reduced costs and maximize land use; the need to celebrate and preserve the natural surroundings and campus character, and their respective connection to the botanical gardens adjacent to the site; and the need to create a living experience that is suitable for graduate students and their varying situations. In order to balance the three factors on a respectively small site (8 acres), we propose a zoned system whereby each zone addresses a specific aspect/component of the three influences. Thus the site becomes a fulcrum that accommodates the needs and interests of campus, nature, and the community while also incorporating efficiency and environmental considerations. Additionally, during the development of the proposal, we focused on reducing life-cycle costs by implementing systems that greatly reduce maintenance costs for Clemson University, and promote a healthy environment for and lifestyle of the residents. The result is a design that incorporates aspects of the surrounding context into a holistic and unique community that houses graduate students with varying backgrounds and interests.
Conceptual Design
Master Planning Site Strategies
+
1 Extended site to encompass part of existing parking lot
2
SITE SECTION THROUGH PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE SCALE: 1/16” - 1’-0”
of parking garage 2 Addition Existing volleyball court is moved across from the street
3
Addition of pedestrian street through the center of the site to create a community corridor
Conceptual Design 4
Addition of pedestrian bridge to the Botanical Gardens Addition of trellis to create shade and intimacy on community corridor
the site into 3 distinct zones based on 5 Divided proximity to campus, to the Botanical Gardens, and the occupancy type.
Master Planning Site Plan
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Conceptual Design
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0
0
Proposed Circulation General Vehicular Service/Emergency Vehicular Pedestrian
Existing Circulation General Vehicular Bus Informal Pedestrian Trails (Pedestrian and Bicycle)
Master Planning 2x10 wood beam @ 16” o.c. nailed to wood girder below 3x14 wood girder attached to column w/ stainless steel framing anchors 8x8 wood columns @ 20’-0” o.c. Stainless steel cables, attached to beams and columns by steel anchors, provide tensile forces to help support cantelivers beams
Steel plate attaches columns to concrete footing and prevent moistusture from seeping into the wood Premolded joint filler and preformed flexible waterstop create expansion joints between footing 6” reinforced concrete slab with vapour barrier below Compacted Subgrade 16x44 reinforced concrete footing
Trellis Construction
1
CROSS SECTION THROUGH PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE SCALE: 1/16” - 1’-0”
Unit pavers w/ sand-swept joints 2” sand setting bed 4” Compacted Aggregate Perforated Drainage Pipe
2x10 wood beam @ 16” o.c. nailed to wood girder below
8x8 wood columns @ 10’-0” o.c. Stainless steel cables, attached to beams and columns by steel anchors, provide tensile forces to help support cantelivers beams Wood and cable rail
Stainless steel bracket welded to steel tube column supports wood columns and steel cables
5/8” T&G wood planks over 1x2 furring strips that are screwed into steel decking 8” Steel tube Girders 3” steel tube beam welded to main girders 6” steel tubing creates horizontal truss chord 3” steel tubing creates truss bridging
Bridge Construction
3
COMMUNITY ZONE SITE SECTION SCALE: 1/16” - 1’-0”
Conceptual Design
3x14 wood girder attached to column w/ stainless steel framing anchors
Master Planning - Community Zone
Building 7: Ground Floor Plan
1ST + 2ND FLOOR: Family Sized Swing Sets
GROUND FLOOR: Trash Collection Mailboxes
ALL LEVELS: Tube Slide
Caters to families with children Low Density Four Floors Enclosed Balconies Roof Gardens Additional Courtyard Spaces Slides and Swings in Each Building
Conceptual Design
ROOF: Small Garden & Roof Terrace
Master Planning - Harvest Zone
2ND FLOOR: Greenhouse
1ST Floor: Meeting Area Horticulture Classes GROUND FLOOR: Storage Mailboxes Trash Collection
Caters to both families & single students Medium Density Four Floors Photovoltaic Panels Rainwater Harvesting Semi-Enclosed Balconies Communal Gardens
Conceptual Design
3RD FLOOR: Cont. of Greenhouse
BUILDING PLANNING - Unit Types
Building Planning
Wet Walls With Chases MASTER PLAN - Circulation & Wet Walls KEY Wet Walls
4 3
Circulation Trash Disposal
3 2
Retail Space
2 1
Vertical Circulation
Unit Configuration
Circulation
Unit Types
KEY Retail KEY Wet Walls Circulation Trash Disposal
Unit Placement
Vertical Circulation
UNIT A:
Unit A - Typical Scale: 3/16”-1’-0”
Unit A - ADA Scale: 3/16”-1’-0”
Conceptual Design
1 Bedroom, 1 Bath 600 Sf
900 SF Townhouse
e
Unit Planning UNITCB:
2 Bedrooms, 2 Bath 900 Sf
2 Bedroom: 900 SF Townhouse
e
D
2 Bedroom: 900 SF
E 3 Bedroom Unit B: 1200 SF Townhouse
se
Unit B - Typical Scale: 3/16”-1’-0”
UNIT B:
Conceptual Design
2 Bedrooms, 2 Bath 900 Sf
Unit B - ADA Scale: 3/16”-1’-0”
Unit Planning
BUILDING PLANNING - Unit Types UNIT C: 2 Bedrooms, 2 Bath 900 Sf
A
1 Bedroom Unit: 600 SF
se
B
2 Bedroom: Unit C - Upper Level 900 SF Townhouse Scale: 3/16”-1’-0”
se
C
D
use
E
2 Bedroom: 900 SF Townhouse
2 Bedroom: 900 SF Unit C - Lower Level Scale: 3/16”-1’-0”
Unit D - Upper Level Scale: 3/16”-1’-0”
Unit D - Lower Level Scale: 3/16”-1’-0”
Conceptual Design
UNIT D: 2 Bedroom, 2 Bath 900 Sf
Structural System Steel Beams
Roof
5-Ply CLT Loadbearing Walls
7-Ply CLT Floors
Partition Walls
COMPONENTS
38 FT
CLT shear wall CLT horizontal rigid diaphragm 8 FT 20 FT 30 FT
20 FT 6 FT
The shear walls stabilize the structure so that it resists lateral forces in all directions.
LATERAL LOADS
The CLT shear walls are combined with CLT horizontal rigid diaphragms. These floor plates span between the shear walls and transfer lateral loads from the partition walls to the load-bearing shear walls.
The equally-distributed vertical load from the floor above is transferred to the W4x13 steel beams, W10x54 steel beams , and the loadbearing walls.
1
UNIT
The vertical roof loads repeat the unit load diagram and are transfered by the load-bearing walls to the level four floor.
1
STACK
CLT panel direction LEVEL FOUR
2
Some of the vertical loads from the floor and beams above are transferred to the CLT loadbearing walls, and are then distributed to the floor.
3
The vertical loads are transferred to the level’s CLT floor plate.
The vertical roof loads from above repeat the unit load diagram and are transfered by the load-bearing walls to the level three floor.
2
The vertical roof loads from above repeat the unit load diagram and are transfered by the load-bearing walls to the level two floor.
3
LEVEL THREE
12 FT
LEVEL TWO
4 The vertical roof loads from above repeat the unit load diagram and are transfered by the load-bearing walls to the level one floor.
4
The vertical loads from above are transferred to the 10”W CMU foundation walls and into a 48”W x 16”D footing. The footing transfers the load to the soil.
5
LEVEL ONE
CLT walls (support beams) CLT walls (support roof/floor) W10x54 structural beam W4x13 structural beam
VERTICAL LOADS
FOUNDATION
Comprehensive Details
Some of the vertical loads are transferred to W4x13 steel beams in the circulation towers and the W10x54 steel beams in the apartments.
Mechanical System Main considerations for selection of the mechanical system: 1. Maximize the control of the air quality and air velocity 2. Minimize operating cost 3. Maximize individual control over temperature in a number of zones 4. Minimize maintenance requirements of the heating and cooling system
We selected a central system over a local one because the central system: 1. has better control over indoor air quality 2. is quieter and more efficient 3. lasts longer and is more convenient to service
We selected an all-air distribution system rather than air-water or all-water because the all-air:
1. has better control over indoor air quality 2. allows precise control of fresh air, filtration, humidification, dehumidification, heating, and cooling 3. concentrates the maintenance spaces within the boiler/chiller and fan rooms
Cooling Tower: 25sf-55sf
Third Floor Fresh Air Louvers
4 sf
Second Floor
Chimney:
Exhaust Air Louvres
Underground Troughs carrying main ductwork
First Floor Fresh Air Louvers:
25-50 sf 20-40 sf Boiler/ Chiller Room:
150-300 sf
Ground Floor Trough Access
Humidifier
Exhaust Air Louvers:
Fan Room Boilers
Chilled water plant
Chilled Water
Boiler Room/ Chiller Plant
Hot water or steam
DIAGRAMMATIC SECTION OF VAV SYSTEM
BASEMENT PLAN SHOWING MAIN COMPONENTS
Supply and Return: Air
Circulation
Selected System: Variable
Air Volume
LEGEND Supply Ducts in Floor Plenum Return Ducts in Wall Cavity
4.
A
3. 5.
6. Bo Ch iler/ ille rR m
Floor-mounted supply registers Supply air is brought to units through ductwork in the floor plenum
CROSS SECTION THROUGH UNIT 1. The conditioned air is supplied from the floor and is allowed to circulate naturally until the exhaust air is returned through a register mounted on a wall near the ceiling. 2. The natural motion of heat rising eases the strain on the HVAC system, and also increases the comfort of the inhabitants.
A
Fan
1. Rm
AXONOMETRIC SHOWING DISTRIBUTION OF DUCTWORK 1. A 36”x24” main supply duct from the boiler/chiller room distributes fresh air to all units through a horizontal trough in the ground. 2. A 22” x 8” branch supply duct distributes the air vertically through chases in the walls of each unit. 3. 10” x 6” and 6” x 6” branch ducts run within a plenum in the floor and distribute supply air to each apartment through floor registers. 4. Wall-mounted return registers pull air into 12” x 8” horizontal branch ducts. 5. A 30” x 8” branch return duct moves air vertically through chases in the walls of each unit. 6. A 36” x 48” main return duct returns the air to the boiler/ chiller room.
TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN SHOWING DISTRIBUTION OF DUCTWORK
LEGEND Supply Register on Floor Return Register on Wall
A
TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN SHOWING PLACEMENT OF REGISTERS
Comprehensive Details
2.
Wall-mounted return register removes air from units
Facade Details Wood slats on wall of balcony decrease southern exposure of balconies
Wood slats over balcony provide shade during the hottest months
Concrete cladding attached directly to the CLT wall
Wooden slats hang from the CLT wall and screen the bathroom windows
Horizontal aluminum louvers shade windows on the Southern facade
Exterior steel frame supports vertical and horizontal aluminum louvers
FACADE LAYERS
3X3 Steel angle is bolted to CLT wall using steel anchors 1/2” Gypsum nailed directly to CLT wall 2”x1/2” Wood slats @ 3” o.c. screwed to steel angle frame 3x3 Steel anchors create stiff frame for wood slat system Tension cable ties steel angle to CLT wall Steel anchors attached to CLT wall ties the wood slat sytem to the wall 2” Mineral wool insulation between vertical 2 Layers of stucco over metal lath
18” Vertical aluminum louver shades fenestration on the eastern and western facades
3x6 Steel Tee tied back to the CLT supports louvers
PARTIAL FACADE DETAIL
Casters within an aluminum channel allow louvers to slide across the steel frame
Comprehensive Details
5 ply CLT [R=9.52]
Sustainable Strategies
3
How many cisterns are necessary? TOTAL Cistern Sizing: RAINFALL
1/3 127,613 GALLONS =17,060 CU. FT. 1 Cistern =6212.5 CU. FT. NDER= UGCISTERNS ROUND =
1
Clemson, SC Average Yearly Rainfall: 80% Collected =
2
54 43 INCHES
4
3
How much water do the community gardens need? Baseline Usage of Landscaped Area= Factors: Drip Irrigation(.8) Vegetation Type (.5) High Sun Exposure (1.2) Evapotranspiration Rate (.5)=
=
How many gallons of water can be collected per year?
=
Roof Catchment Area:
14,360 SF G A L LO N S 1 SF =27 COLLECTED
382,838
T O T A L G A L LO N S COLLECTED
5 17,060
CU. FT. (collected)
3268.8 CU.FT. (needed)
WATER COLLECTION DIAGRAM
/ 272.4 CU.FT. MONTH
3268.8
By how much are the water demands of the gardens met?
=
6,300 SF
522%
CU.FT. / YEAR
2
How many panels?
14,360 SF 1 Panel =17 SF
Roof Area:
Clemson, SC Average Daylight Hours: kWh/m/day
5
Optimum Angle of Panels:
30째
3
How much energy is generated?
.235 KWH 5 Hours/Day=1.175 KWH/DAY = KWH/DAY GENERATED 1 Panel =
990
Daily Energy Load: kWh/day
5942
4
How much of the daily load is powered by photovoltaics? kWh/day (generated)
17%
= SOLAR COLLECTION DIAGRAM
990 kWh/day (daily load) 5942
Comprehensive Details
1
844
SOLAR PANELS
=
Details Main considerations in selecting a floor assembly: 1. Accessibility for maintenance 2. Adaptability to all the units and building types 3. The ability to supply conditioned air from the floor into the units Advantages of using a raised access floor system: 1. Panels in the floor are interchangeable with registers 2. Plumbing and ductwork can be easily rearranged and moved (short and long term) 3. The pressurized system allows for supplying air to every room in the unit 4. The plumbing lines run through the floor instead of compromising the structural integrity of the CLT wall 5. Dampens noise between units 5/8” White Oak Flooring Raised Floor System: Tate ConCore 1000 - 2’ x 2’ x 1 3/8” Panels 10” Cavity with Posilock Structure, 2’ o.c. 6” x 8” Duct into each unit 6” x 6” Duct into rooms 7 Ply CLT Steel I Beam, W10x54
FLOOR ASSEMBLY
COMMUNITY ZONE ROOFLINE A
A
Final Design
HARVEST ZONE ROOFLINE
Details
WALL SECTION
Gutter Detail: SCALE: 3” = 1’
Galvanized metal leaf catcher Metal Flashing 6” Metal Gutter
1:20 slope
Water Collection Detail: Galvanized metal leaf catcher Metal caps seal the exposed edges of the metal roofing panels Gutter (beyond) brings rainwater to the chases on the edge of the building-see detail below (2) 3” Pipes that carry the water through the chases to the underground cisterns Chases are constructed as traditional 2” x 4” stick framing, 16” o.c., 3 1/2” mineral wool insulation infill, and 1/2” gypsum
Parapet Detail: Metal Coping
Roof Panel Cross Section Detail:
Metal Cleat
26 gauge G-90 galvanized steel with PVDF coating
Flashing Counter-Flashing 2 x 4 Stick frame forms 24” parapet Mineral Wool Insulation Elastomeric Strip
Continuous Bead of Butyl Sealant
Moisture Barrier 2.5” Rigid Insulation
7 Ply CLT, R=10 Total Assembly R Value: 31
ROOF DETAILS
40” High Rib Profile Insulated Panel
Final Design
Insulated metal standing seam roof panels, R=21
Design Conclusions
UNIT INTERIOR
Final Design
UNIT AXON
Design Conclusions
VIEW ALONG THE TRELLIS
Final Design
VIEW FROM BALCONY
Design Conclusions
VIEW FROM BRIDGE
Final Design
VIEW OF THE COMMUNITY GARDEN
Design Conclusions
VIEW OF THE RESTAURANT ON THE INTERIOR CORRIDOR
Final Design
VIEW DOWN PERIMETER ROAD
Model Photos
MASSING SITE MODEL
Final Design
SECTION MODEL
Model Photos
SITE MODEL
Final Design
SITE MODEL