The Story of Rolla, Volume 1

V o l.l 0 F 3 - IN SET NO. 1.

M I S S O U R I

T I T L E

PAGE

THIS BOOK IS VOL. I ( Of Three Volumes ) IN "SET" ( or "Copy" ) No. 1 ..The O r ig in a l Master Copy.

I t Covers Years 1844 to 1890 Of R o l l a 's S to ry .

By Dr. and Mrs. C la ir V. Mann R olla, Missouri

COPYRIGHT, 1974

By C la ir V. Mann and Bonita H. Mann Tenants By The E ntirety A ll Rights Reserved.

No portion of th is Story may be reproduced

By Any Process Whatever Without Written Permission Of Copyright Holders.

THE

STORY

OF

~ Table of Contents ~ 1974

By Dr. and Mrs. Clair V. Mann Rolla, Missouri

COPYRIGHT, 1974

By C la ir V. Mann and Bonita H. Mann Tenants By The Entirety A ll Rights Reserved.

Wo portion of this Story may be reproduced

By Any Process Whatever Without Written Permission Of Copyright Holders.

CVM-BHM-May 17,1974.

Table of Contents.

Period or Time unit No.

f B )

TABLE OF CONTENTS ............ —.-.....

- ....

"■■■■■■ UNIT TITLE », Gist Of Content_______ ____________

What Sears

1974 (A) . . . TITLE PAGE ( This Page ) ..................

(B) . . . TABLE OF CONTENTS ( This Page ) ............

1974 (1J . . . PRELUDE. The Coming o f the John Webber Family to S ite of Rolla, year 1844. The O rigin al S e ttle rs of Town .

1844 (2J . . . FOREWORD. Holla, As of January 1,1974 ................

1974 ( 3) . . . BACKSIGHTS. Period From 10,000 B.G. to 1861 a .D. Hie Finding of America ..American Explorations ...The Acquisition o f Louisiana T e rrito ry ..Developments to . . . 1861 ( U) . . . SCHOOLS And EDUCATION. 1800-1920. Frera Days Of Sub­ s c rip tio n Schools to R o lla *s Organized School D is t r ic t .. 1920 (5 ) . . . CIVIL .'AR DAYS. A l l C i v i l War Events In v o lv in g R o lla .

With Ties 'To N ation al Campaigns ............. .......... .

1861-1365 (6 ) . . . REBIRTH: BANK^ M IU E , _C0LLK$;s F0IL07J_SMALLP0X,_FIRES RAILROAD_EXODUS. Town Reconstru ction. . . Under Charter Government.. .School o f Mines Opens.............

1365-1880 ^ ( 7 ; . . . F 'OR: CHARTER TG-7N TO FOURTH CLASS CITY. Liquor Fights Conservatory o f Music Masquerade B a lls . . P a r tie s 1881-1890 . . . THE GAY NINETIES. A HARRASSED SCHOOL OF MINES. , .

E ffo r t s To Squelch School o f Mines ..Making Fourth Class Govt. Work ...Masquerade B a lls . . concerts By ................ 1890-1900 Euterpean Club ( Conservatory Graduates ( 9) . . . CITY GETS LIGHTS. WATER. SEWERS. . . . M.S.M. SQUABBLE SPLITS TOWN. The Geo. E. Ladd Regime. , .m unicipal Progress. Hohenschild Hung In E f f i g y . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1900-1910 U ° ) . . WORLD WAR ONE. . . FOUR M.S.M. DIRECTORS . . M.S.M. WINS DEGREE FIGHT. Parker H a ll & Jacklin g Gymn B u ilt .

40th m .S.M. A n n iversa ry.. . .M unicipal P ro g ress........ 1910-1920 l l l j .. TOM GETS PAVED STATE HIGHWAYS & 3USES. SELLS POWER PLANT. . . M.S.M. IS ACTIVATED. The Fulton Regime. ' Fulton H a ll I s B u ilt ( Miss. V a lle y Exp. s ta tio n ; Engineering Depts. Developed. Campus Survey. . . . 1920-1932 a 2 ; . . THE GREAT DEPRESSION . . . WORLD WAR TAD . . . ROLLA RECOVERS POWER PLANT. Fight To Sever M.S.M. From Univ, Mo. Town S p lit Over issu e. ...T h e

(

Lumber Of Pages in Unit 1 1

-P I

1 to 3

f3

1 to 4

*+■ /

1 to 25

-H

1 to 67 1 IS 1 to 71

'Yb

1 to 110 + £ 1 to 4*

1

1 to 50

0

1 to 51 - H 1 to 52

1 to 85

1 to 105

1 to 158 John WebberUNIV..

Centennial, 1944 . .....................................

(1U)..M .S.M. BECOMES MO..ROLLA TOWN ADOPTS THIRD ~ (13j . . PHELPS COUNTY HOSPITAL & Large CENTENNIAL..

KOREAN CLASS GOVERNMENT. Gets In d u s tria l P la W n AR ts .

M.S.M. Gets — Dormitory - Baker.

Regimes o f ‘Hew C.L. Power W ilsonPlan andt Chance 11 o f M erl MECHCHANICAL ENGR. LAB. - C i v i l , E le c t r ic a l Bldgs.

(15J . . SOME CHURCH HISTORY. The O rig in a l 7 Basic Churches Of R o lla . Years 1861-1969 . . . . ...... ...........................

1959-1973 1947-1959

1 to 73

1861-1969

39 pages

Years 1857 to 1973 . .

1857-1973

13 pages

F in a l Comments On Hie Foregoing S to ry .

1974

(16; .. ROLL CALL OF COUNTY OFFICERS. (17; . . 80NCLUSI0N.

1933-1947

TOTAL OF 955 Pages.

4 L

1 page.

+ (( *f 2-

THE

STORY

OF

M I S S O U R I

~ PROLOGUE~

By Dr. and Mrs. Glair V. Mann R olla, Missouri COPYRIGHT, 1974

By C la ir V. Mann and Bonita H. Mann Tenants By The Entirety A ll Rights Reserved. ho portion of this Story may be reproduced

By Any Process Whatever Without Written Permission Of Copyright Holders.

CVM Oct 31m Re-Copy.

/

R THE

O

L

S T OR Y

L

A

OF

ROLLA

R o lla , County S ea t_of Ph£lps_County, J,llS£ouri

By Dr. and Mrs. C la ir V. Mann Of R o lla , M issouri

P R O

L O G U E

THE YEAR -was Eighteen Hundred and F o rty Four. The TIME was probably in la t e spring. The PLACE was in the good old State o f M issouri, in today’ s County o f Phelps. The SITE was a meadowed v a lle y enclosed by g e n tly slopin g h ills id e s a few hundred fe e t northeast of the former State Trachoma H o sp ita l. The SPOT was in or near Block 6, corner o f 7th and Spring Avenue, in Bishop’ s Fourth Addition to R o lla .

This SPOT, as o f the date o f th is w r itin g ( May 10, 1953 ), was marked by a bushel-basket sized TUB ( h a lf o f a 50 g a llo n b a rr e l ) sunk in the spring to c o lle c t drinkin g w ater. I t was p erso n a lly seen there by present w r ite r s .

The TUB was lo ca te d w ith in bounds of SPRING AVENUE, which takes i t s name from th is - the "Cold Spring" - which a lso g iv e s i t s name to the nearby stream in to which i t s waters d isch a rg e.

WITH A DISMAYING CRASH, the r ic k e ty , travel-w orn covered wagon, drawn by two sturdy but weary oxen, lurched - then came to a sudden stop. The oxen gave one la s t good tug, found i t useless, then s e ttle d back to en joy a much needed re s t.

To th is spot they had come, a l l the way, from G a lla tin county, I l l i n o i s , in a period o f three months or more.

This r e s t they would now get - fo r the r ig h t, fr o n t wagon axle had broken square o ff.

The weary twenty-year old w ife and her three s c a n tily clothed ch ild ren b a re ly escaped being r u th le s s ly dumped out on the ground.

W ith a bound, the deeply tanned, s to c k ily b u ilt young husband - who had walked beside the team fo r many, many m iles - sprang back, and k n elt to assess the damage th is accident had done. Done to h is plans, h is fa m ily , and th e ir fu tu re.

A ft e r some moments o f in spection , he arose, hands r e s tin g on hips, gaze s t i l l on the broken a x le .

The wheel had dropped in to a sm all d itc h through which a steady stream o f cold water from a nearby spring was flo w in g .

Young JOHN WEBBER ( fo r i t was he ) - could never at that moment, in w ild e s t dreams, have forseen th at on one day, in the not d ista n t fu tu re, the c i t y lim it s o f a town c a lle d "ROLLA" would envelope the scene o f th is a cciden t. But h is fa v o r it e swear word o f "Bug-Goblins" came q u ick ly from his l i p s .

A ft e r that, he addressed wife|r E liz a Jane in th is fa sh ion : " LIZA JANE - I reckon th is old wagon has ca rrie d us about as f e r as i t aims te r go. Mebbe we’ ve cum fu r nough west, anyhow. Guess we’ d je s t ez w e ll camp here f e r a s p e ll, an' mebbe look in to ta k in ' up sum uv th is w ild land fe r a farm.

O l' Uol. Ben Wishon, where we stayed la s t n ijfit , seven m iles oack, has liv e d thar now fe r s ix years. He says tbs lands hereabouts i s fre s h surveyed by Guv'ment surveyors, an' we can squat here en hold a u it uv land fe r a year e r two, without havin’ to prove up an’ plunk down the cash fe r i t .

Look over thar a t thet spring, yonder. Fine lo o k in '. W ater's clean an' c o ld . An' je s t see how the grass grows down th is meadow. The cow an' o l 1Buck an Roan w i l l do fin e on a t - an' I can g i t aplow back thar at the Maramec Iron ■orks, where we stopped toth er day, an' can then plow up sum uv. th is sod an' plant some corn an* 'garden. I cn' g i t them corn an' garden seeds a t then Iron Works, too .

cm;

Oct 31,1973

Re-copy

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" L e t 's g i t out an' make camp. You t i e out o l ' Peggy an m ilk her, while I ru s tle some wood, s ta r t a f i r e , an' turn Buck an' Roan loose to nibble on th is grass. Tomorrow I cn'w alk back to th et Bright L ig h t cabin we passed a m ile back, or even go on to W ishon's store and blacksmith shop. L'ebbe one or to th er cn' l e t me have whut i t takes to f i x up th is dinged a x le ."

But ju st then, w ife y L iz a Jane e x c it e d ly exclaimed, " LOOK, John - OH LOOK 1 Just see that b ig deer bucfe cumin up to the spring fe r a drink. G it him, John l G it him I" Taking a quick look, John grabbed his tru s ty lo n g -b a rreled r i f l e , and exclaim es, " Bug-Godlins l Yeah i A n ', bu g-goblins, looks lik e alm ighty God has sent us our supper i He DID - e ffe n I cn' do my part l ' . . . The r i f l e cracked, the deer f e l l — and the John Webbers - John and E liz a Jane - the three ch ildren , John Osborn, E liza b e th Jane, and William E lija h - were soon en joyin g th e ir f i r s t deer-steak supper, w ith cupfuls o f cold spring w ater. A ft e r w. ich , they spent t h e ir f i r s t n igh t on the spot which - fou rteen years la t e r - would be c a lle d "E 0 L L a ".

FOOTNOTiS; This happens to be as good a sto ry as we can Lnpr_ovise - to explain and j u s t i f y the s e le c tio n o f t h is spot fo r the Webber F am ily's fu tu re home. w H Y did they stop here ? There was NO FRESH EATER STREAM w ith in three m iles.

There was no other seemihgly important a ttr a c tio n in the area. The only reasonable explanation is that SOUS KIND o f accident made the choice im p erative. One of the oxen may have become i l l - or sqce thing e ls e happened.

But whatever the cause o f the choice, the Webbers were here 1 Thus i t was that the fa m ily became the o r ig in a l perm nent s e t t le r s o f H o lla .

John, bom in P h ila d elp h ia , now aged 25 years, and l a t e l y f r o G a l l a t i n , I l l i n o i s . ; if e , E liz a Jane (P o w e ll), aged twenty. Son John Osbbrn Webber, aged th ree.

Daughter E liza b eth Jane. And son W illiam E lija h , not many months old. . i l l that now remains o f them, besides memories, l i e at the fo o t o f a handsome g ra n ite monument in the H o lla Cemetery, erected by R o lla 's masonic Lodge. W illiam l i e s in the Smith Cemetery, near F la t, in southwest area o f Phelps County.

From the date of the fo reg o in g episode, presumably in e a r ly summer o f 1844, i t would be some eighteen months b efore the Webber lo g cabin would be v is it e d by two young and ambitious United S tates Army lieu ten an ts - members o f the army's ' Topographical Engineer Corps". These two - L ie u ts . James abert and ..G.Peck were, on order of Capt. John C. Fremont ( on his way to C a lifo rn ia to take C a li­ fo r n ia away from Old Mexico ) making a horseback in sp ectio n o f a 35th p a r a lle l ra ilr o a d route that, in sid e a few years, would go r ig h t through John .Bbber's farm, so as to conn ct S t. Louis and the far East w ith San Francisco and Ban Diego on the P a c ific co a st.

How th ey proposed to b u ild such a ra ilr o a d - throu£ji_lands_ttet s t i l l belon­ ged t,o_Oid_Mexicg - does not yefetappear. Yeung Ebert would be back to th is spot in 1871 ( tw en ty-six years la te r ) to teach in a "M issouri School o f M ines".

To resume - i t would s t i l l be th irte e n years b efore there would be any o f f i c i a l "Phelps County" ( created 1857)# w ith a commission of three men meeting a t the Webber home to choose the s it e fa r a "county sea t" - wfciich. would be lo ca te d a t the nearby "Bishop Mansion", erected in 1855 on the clock bounded by 7th and 8th, Park and S ta te/ streets .

I t would be fou rteen years b efore John Webber and two fe llo w pioneers would wrangle over the -name the town should have - and compromise by discardin g Bishop's "Phelps Center" - Webber's "Hardscrabble - and adopting Coppedge's name "R a leigh ", provided that i t be sp elled as he spoke i t - " R - o - l - l- a " , ( ..ay 11, 1858).

S ixteen and one h a lf years would elapse b efore the State L e g is la tu re would o ffic ia lly _ c h a r t e r theTown o f H olla, include Webber's farm ( along w ith the rest o f S ection 11, T.37-8) w ith in i t s lim it s , and name John Webber as one o f the f i r s t seven H o lla Town Councilman.

CVM O c t.31,1973 Re-copy.

PROLOUGUE /

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JOHN and ELIZA JANE (P o w ell) WEBBER liv e d h ap pily in th e ir old lo g cabin, b u ilt near the Cold Spring, u n t il her demise, on September 9, 1859- ( She was born January 22, 1824). They had become the parents of TEN ch ild ren . The son John Osborn Webber, died in I860, a t age 19. The daughter, E liza b eth Jane, married W illia m Towe11. The son, W illiam E lija h , liv e d on.

On March 1, 1860, John Webber married Miss Sarah C rite s - h is second w ife She died in 1862, having borne one c h ild , Sarah Eunice, who died in e a r lie s t childhood.

On February 22, 1863, John married Mrs. Lucinda F. Yow ell ( nee S a l l y ) .

They became parents o f BIGHT ch ild ren . .Lucinda died on Nov. 3, 1909, at age 74 years. She is in te rre d in SMITH CIMiETERY, in N.E.4 o f S .E ..r o f Sec. 22, T.35-9 - not fa r southeast o f the v illa g e o f FLAT. JOHN WEBBER ( born January 24, 1819 ) died on May 31, 1889, at h is Corn Creek home, in the NE$ o f Sec. 27, T.35-9, Phelps County, Mo. AND THUS DID HOLLA'S FIRST PERMANENT PIONEER SETTLERS COME TO OUR ARE•.

End Of Prologue

GW O ct. 31,1973.

The W E B B E R F A M I L Y RECORDS Frorn_Frank_We_bber1s_ Scrag Book

JOHN W E B B E R , co-founder o f R o lla , was born in Ph iladelph ia, Pa., on January 2 /+, 1819. He died on Pay 31, 1889, at his Corn Creek farmhouse, in the N.E. 1/4 o f Sec. 27, T.35-9, Phelps Co., Mo. . . . a t age 70 yrs 4 mos. 7 days.

John's parents were John M. and E liza b eth (McQueen) Weber. John M. was born in Holland, near the r iv e r Rhein. At age 12 he ( John M.J, w ith his mother and a brother, came t o the U.S.A. They s e ttle d in Ph ila d elp h ia , where John 4. grew up, married E liza b eth McQueen, and had th is son, JOHN WEBBER, o f R o lla .

U n til about 1823, th is fa th e r, John M. Weber, worked in P h ilad elp h ia as a baker. The couple, with such ch ildren as they then had, moved to Rutherford county, Tennessee, where John M. 11 made a stab" at farming - concerning which he knew l i t t l e and wanted to know le s s . But h is w ife , E liza b eth c 'ueen, born in Prince George county, V irg in ia , knew how to farm, as HE did not - so, together theymanaged to make a l i v i n g on the farm.

John M. Weber and w ife E liza b e th Me iueen liv e d in Tennessee u n t il 1830, when they moved to Saline county, I l l i n o i s .

John Webber ( to be of R olla ) was then 11 years o f age. The fa th e r, John M. Weber, died in 1867. The mother, E liza b eth McQueen, follow ed in I 869 .

JOHN WEBBER ( o f R o lla ) was the second ch ild in a fa m ily o f 8 sons and 3 daughters. i?ive of these 1 1 survived John, who died in 1889. These: Joseph Weber, l i v i n g at Mountain Hone, Arkansas ...H enry, of Saline county, I l l i n o i s . . .

Nelson . . . E l i j a h . . and Mary ( Mrs. Hampton ), a l l three o f C ra n sv ille , 1 1 1 .

JOHN WEBBER ( o f R o lla ) stayed with his parents u n t il age nineteen ( 1838 ) when he "struck out" fo r h im self. On Sept. 17, 1840 , a t age 2 1 , he married Miss E liz a Jane P ow ell. She was born on January 22 , 1824, in G a lla tin county, 1 1 1 .

She died at or near Rolla on Sept. 9, 1859, at age 59 yrs-7 mos.-17 days.

JOHN and ELIZA JANE (P o w ell) WEBBER had TEN ch ild re n . These:

1 . - John Osborn Webber ( b.1841 . . d. I 860 ) Wm. 2 . - E liza b eth Jane Webber ( b. d. m ./Yowell) 3 . - W illiam E lija h Webber ( b. d.

Father o f Jas. wenry e b b er,o f R o lla .

4 . - Archibald Nelson Webber 5 . - Americus Columbus Webber 6 . - Annie J. Webber ( b. June 16, I 848 - th eir SIXTH c h ild ) m. cousin "Jack".

7 . - Janes Henry Webber 8 . - Mary Emily ebber 9 . - Margaret E llen Webber ( m. James Ray ) 1 0 .- Joseph Marion Webber.

NOTE: Children 1-2-3-6 arc known to be in order o f b ir th . Others u ncertain.

As noted above, John's f i r s t w ife , E liz a Jane P ow ell, died on Sept. 9, 1859For his second w ife , John, on March 1, I860, married Miss Sarah G rites. She was born in Tennessee on ______________ , 18__ , and died a t R o lla on ____________, 1862, having borne ONE c h ild , Sarah Eunice, who died in e a r lie s t youth.

On February 22, 1863, John ( o f R olla ) married Mrs. Lucinda F. Yowell ( nee S a lly ), who was born on ______________ , 1835. She died on Nov. 3, 1909, at age 74, and is in te rre d in SMITH CEMETERY, near F la t, Phelps Go., mo., in which place she had liv e d with her son, "Frank" eber.

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CVM Oct 31,1973.

Webber Family Records.

The "reco rd " in the Frank Weber Scrap Book says that the marriage o f John and Lucinda , in 1863, in C i v i l War days - was a " g r a n d _ a ffa _ ir F r o m 1863 to about 1880, when John sold h is o r ig in a l R o lla r e a l e s ta te to two sons Illia m E lija h and Janes Henry - and in exchange, took over the / illia m E lija h ebber farm lo ca ted in the N.E. 1/4 o f Sec. 27, T.35-9, on the headwaters of Corn Creek, and on the county road jo in in g F la t and Edgar S prin gs, John and Lucinda liv e d in R o lla .

JOHN AND LUCINDA (S a lly ) WEBBER had EIGHT ch ild re n .

Th ese: a .J . ( Andrew Jackson) .e b b e r./f~b. Jan. A. 1863 .. d/V m. Cynthia .-.skin.

George Edward -ebber. ( liv e d & died, Portland, Oreg. '-VpG« July 27, 19 ) a t t i e A. Webber ( m. James Dunham . d. Jan 4,1929, 1 mi. S o f R o lla . 8-20-1 Childn.

A lb e rt Franklin Webber ( liv e d a t v illa g e cf F la t, in south Phelps Co. Present record is from h is "Scrap Book".

N e llie In ez Webber Laura H. Webber ( Married Louis Auerbach, Jr. ) Minnie Lee Webber ( d. 1873 ) Charles A. Webber.

NOTE: Foregoing names may NOT be in co rrect order of b ir th . I t would appear, however, that " A .J ." was the f i r s t of the e i g h t . - CVM. FOOTNOTE: in the ME

S everal of these "Webbers" are in te rre d in the SMITH CL. %o f SE- o f Sec. 22, T.35-9*

RY,

STORY OF ANNIE J. /fSBBBR: S ixth ch Id of John and E liz a Jane (P o w ell /ebber.

Born June l6 , 1848, R o lla , i o . .. Died Dec. 31, 1918, a t G la t i n , 111.

During C iv il ar, Annie went back to Saline county, 111, to study in the R a leig h " schools.

While there, "met" or v is it e d w ith her cousin, A.S. "Jack" .eber.

He f e l l madly in lo v e w ith her. He fo llo w ed her to R o lla .

They were married March 20, 1876, a t Eldorado, 111., by Rev. Hutchison.

Jack and Annie became parents of three c h ild re n : John Henry, b. Dec. 28, 1877 illia m J ., b. Feb.__ , 1880 May O liv e , b. Sept. 18, 1885.

John M. Webber - fa th e r of R o lla ’ s John /ebber - was grandfather uoth to Jack and Annie Webber. The fa m ily home in Saline county was c a lle d "./ebber Homestead". xn 1882, Annie jo in ed the M ethodist church. She often en terta in ed the . .E. m in is te rs . She gave her church i t s communion set, and financed the b u ild in g o f i t s basement. For many years she was a Sunday Sch1o l teacher, a lso p r e .id e n t o f the Ladle A id. She was g r e a t ly lo v e d .

Her husband, "Jack", died on __________ , 1___ , at age 65 yr 1 mo 24 days.

He was member o f Masonic Lodge. Daughter May O live married a Hr. Burns, liv e d at Thompsonville, 111. annie1s husband "Jack" owned the Bank of G a lla tin , and the '- . i l l and much oth er p rop erty. He was c a lle d the county’ s "Most Successful Business Man." He l e f t an e s ta te valued at some 41,000,000, plus other commercial and land in te r e s t s .

He was c h ie f owner of c o l l mines, and a r a ilr o a d jo in in g G a lla tin and H arrisburg.

His lands comprised s e v e ra l thousand acres o f farmland. . . . . His fa th e r, Henry J. Webber, was a ls o a banker. Both men were o f e x c e lle n t h a b its, sturdy health , and sunny d is p o s itio n s .

End of Webber Records The "Scrao Book" returned to Mrs Leo T riggs by CVM, Sept. 7, 1961.

M I S S O U R I

~FOREWORD~ 1974

r o l l a

- as

of

J a n u a r y

By Dr. and Mrs. G lair V. Mann R olla, Missouri

COPYRIGHT, 1974

By C la ir V. Mann and Bonita H. Mann Tenants By The Entirety A ll Rights Reserved.

No portion of th is Story may be reproduced

By Any Process Whatever Without Written Permission Of Copyright Holders.

1st

CVM-BHM-Mon. Mar. 4, 1974.

PSiRBlORD. R.Ch.Comm.

- 1 -

F O R E W O R D • R O L L A, A3_ The_Gi t £

MI S S O U R I December_31,_1973•

A Welcome From The R olla Area Chamber o f Commerce "WELCOME TO ROLLA. MISSOURI1 ,1- The fo llo w in g "FOREWORD" s lig h t ly revised by present w riters - C la ir V, and Bonita H. Mann - both o f whom are honorary members o f the agency - is copied from a b u lle tin issued by the Rolla Chamber o f Commerce in 1973. I t provides something o f a picture o f R olla, as of December 31» 1973* ^e %uote as fo llo w s — as our "Foreword" to our "Story o f R o lla ".

Quote: R olla, Missouri, is the County Seat o f Phelps County. The c it y is 100 m iles southwest of S t. Louis, and 110 m iles northeast o f S p rin gfield - both places connected by the Frisco Railroad and In terstate Highway 44, both passing through R o lla . I t is a ls o at the junction of US—Mo. Route 63 and State Soute 72.

The towu l i e s within northern extrem ities cf the Ozark mountains, at an average s e a -le v e l e le va tio n of 1,14 0 fe e t . I t i s some 70 miles southeast of the b e a u tifu l Lake o f the Ozarks, and to the north of three famous south Missouri and northern Arkansas lakes - d u ll Shoals,Lai®, Norfolk Lake, and Taule Rock Lake.

W1 1 o f these recrea tion a l areas are r e a d ily availaole over ex cellen t paved highways.

The Climate. The average annual temperature is 55 degrees Fahrenheit. The average r a in fa ll is 41.5 inches. The crop growing season is approximately 187 days.

Population: H olla ’ s population ( 1970 census was 13,257. The corresponding fig u re fo r Phelj>s County was 29,56?. . . . R o lla 1 s trade area includes over 150,000 per sons.

Schools: R o lla is the home o f the Unire r s ity o f Mis sour i-R o lla ( form erly the Missouri School o f Mines). This is the la rg e s t engineering school west o f the M ississip p i r iv e r . I t has an enrollment o f over 5,000 students. Degrees are o ffere d in 18 d iffe r e n t areas of engineering, science, and the humanities.

Graduate programs lead to Master and Ph.D. degrees.

The Public_Schools consist of one senior higji - one junior high — and fiv e elementary schools. A ll are rated AAA. In addition, there are three parochial schools, conducted by the Catholic and Lutheran denominations. %e_new_RollaJirea Vocational-Technical_School provides comprehensive tech­ n ic a l-v o ca tio n a l tra in in g to students and to adults who wark f u l l tine . I t seeks to provide each graduate with one or more " s k ills " that guarantee good and useful employment and se rvice .

Churctes: There are some 34 churches in the Rolla community. The m ajority o f denominations are represented. V is ito rs and new members are c o r d ia lly welcomed.

Health F a c i l i t i e s : The p rin cip al f a c i l i t y is Phelps County Memorial H ospital.

This has a 155 bed capacity, and an Extended Care additi on. Further expansion is under construction.

Two nursing homes are in operation. The State o f Missouri Regional Diagnostic C lin ic cares fo r retarded children. Numbers of medical and dental c lin ic s care fo r out-patient services.

R ecreation: R olla is in one o f the most scenic areas of the Ozarks. Unlimited outdoor recrea tion a l f a c i l i t i e s are available at Montauk State Park — Lakes Taneycomo, Table Rock, B ull Shoals, Lake N orfolk - and at Lake o f the Ozarks. At a l1 o f these places, water sports, boating, and fis h in g f a c i l i t i e s abound.

Maramec Spring Park, w ithin Phelps county, and only 20 minutes away by auto, provides both picnic f a c i l i t i e s , and ( in season ex c e lle n t trout fis h in g .

CvM-BHM-Mor.Mar. 4, 1974* FOREWORD.

2

Recreation^ .cont.

R o ll a is blessed w ith numbers o f ex c e lle n t parks. Several are provided with substantial pavalions, picnic areas, childrens1 playgrounds, ligh ted base .a ll parks, and tennis courts. The 30-acre Lions Park, on the south frin g e oi c i t y lim its , is open to the public. I t has lig h te d pavalions fc r use when annual carnivals are staged - and for picnicking and square dancong and ’ on occasion. A commodious h a ll, with ample dining^f a c i l i t i e s is a va ila b le both fo r d u b meetings, and meetings o f various profession al s o c ie tie s ot R o lla . A modest-sized lake is stocked with fis h .

A th le tic Programs: Both the U niversity, and the public schools, have f u l l a th le tic programs, During summers, planned recrea tion a l programs a r e M e f f e c t .

There are two bowling a lle y s — one r o lle r skating rink - - two movie theatres plus one d r iv e -in - a swimming pool and re ere a ti on center nearing comple tion in Ber Juan Park. Two g o lf courses are am lia b le - one at the Oak Meadows Club- a private f a c i l i t y several m iles southeast of torn - and the U niversity 9-hole course, inside c i t y lim its , vfaich may be used by the public on a fee basis . Membership on paid basis, with dining, g o lf, and swimming f a c i l i t i e s , is availab le a t the Oak Meadows Club.

Cultural A c t iv it ie s are many and va ried . Included are U niversity and lo c a l and Visual ana tear theatre program s----6ommunity Music Association concerts Arts d isplays. In addition, there are numerous du bs, both for men and fcr women, such as the Saturday and C iv ic s clubs, American War Mothers, Am. Assn. U n iversity Women, and the several v e te ra n s 1 groups.

Service Clubs: Leaders in th is group are the Rolla Area Chamber of Commerce and i t s "ju n io r" partner, the "Junior Chamber" or "Jaycees". Added to these two are the Rotary, the Lions — the Kiwanis — and the Optimist service clubs. town1 s lodges include the sereral ^asonic orders - the Knights of Pythias and Pythian S isters - the Odd Fellows - and the Eagle Lodge.

Library: R o lla 's fre e Public L ib ra ry o ffe r s mueh^in community se rvice . I t s book stacks contain over 23,000 volumes. I t s a c t iv it ie s include reference service, story hours fo r children — the reading and loaning o f books, magazines, newspapers, pictures, records, ard film , M icfofilm o f R o lla 's former and current newspapers can be consulted by use of a " v is u a liz e r " . The agency is a f f i l i a t e d w ith the State and National Lib rary Association, from vhich almost any book may be borrowed.

Po£tal_S ervice.- R o lla is a F irst-C lass Regional Mail Center, for vhich mail directed to a large group of cen tral Missouri towns i s c o lle c te d - and then d istrib u ted from R olla to these sta tion s. Within town, a fle e t of "jeep " d e liv e ry autos enables 14cal mailmen to d e liv e r residence m ail much more e f fe c t iv e ly .

News Media: R o lla has t hree radio broadcasting stations — KTTR ...KCLU . . . and the one at U n iversity cf Mo.-Rolla .."KMSM" or "KUMR". The town has no TV broadcasting station , but good reception i s had from other station s, as at St .Louis, Jefferson C ity, Columbia, and S p rin gfield , Missouri. The town DOES have a w ired-in "cable" TV f a c i l i t y , which provides good reception.

R olla has but one newspaper - the Rolla D aily News. This agency has a most up-to-date o ffs e t p rin tin g f a c i l i t y , with commodious new building, and e f f i c i e n t s t a f f . I t p rin ts d a ily issues, Monday through Friday, and a sp ecial Sunday e d itio n .

GVM-BHM-Mon. Mar. 4, 1974.

FOREWORD

- 3 -

Tran.sporta_ti£nj_ Passenger service by bus is provided by the Greyhound lin e . . the Continental Trai.lv)ays . . and the M.K.O. lin e . Greyhound also provides lim ited express package s e rv ic e . These lin e s connect R olla with the outside world.

Local trucking companies provide both lo c a l and in te r-s ta te and in ter-n a tio n a l fr e ig h t se rvice . Included are the Campbell 66 . . the Leeway .. the F risco .. the Beaufort . . the Dodds .. the North American .. and the Duncan companies.

The F risco Railroad provides for heavy fr e ig h t se rvice s.

Two lo c a l cab agencies provide lo c a l passenger transport within town.

R o lla 's N ation al_A irp ort, twelve mile s notth o f town, provides lim ited passenger and charter service, and some fr e ig h t service. I t has lig h ted runways and all-w eather f a c i l i t i e s . The station a lso provides maintenance se rvice.

In addition, the Dickman A irport, ju st outside and southwest of town, provides lo c a l flig h t s , together with airplane f l i g h t tra in in g.

Scheduled Comuercial_Air_Service i s a va ila b le from the Fort Leonard Wood A irport, th orty m iles southwest of R o lls . Good passenger service from the Fort to St. Louis and other points is provided by the Ozark . . the Frontier . . and the Skyway a ir lin e s .

City_Water^ U tilities,_an d_S ew erage: The c i t y 's water supply is derived from eleven deep w ells, depths o f which range from 1,187 to 1,716 fe e t . E le c tr ic power is supplied by the R olla Municipal U t i l i t i e s company - which also owns the w ells.

A modern system of sanitary sewers, with three separate disposal plants, cares fo r th is area. A system of storm sewers is separately maintained.

Financial lnstitu_tioire • R o lla ’ s three private banks have to ta l assets o f over #36,000,000. Three savings and loan associations have comoined t o ta l assets o f over 186,000,000.

6S£essed_VaLt»^pity, Property ( p r iv a te ly owned ) amounts to some $18,000,000.

This represents some 30£ o f the actual value o f such property.

Industry: The Rolla area is a D iv e rs ifie d Economic Community - comprised o f agricu ltu re, manufacturing industries, state and county and fe d e ra l agencies.

The in d u s tria l plants include the Bow-Wow Dog Food Company . . . the Holsum Bakery . . . the Schwitzer D ivision o f the Walla os -Murry Corporation . . . Bar ad Co. makers of womens’ lin g e rie . . . ihe SOME industries, making p la s tic pipe .. and two ready-mix concrete p la n ts.

The_Rolla Conmuni^_Developmqi_t_Cor£oration is a n o t- fo r - p r o fit agency sponsored by the Rolla Chanber of Commerce and the Rolla City Government. This agency has been responsible for the developmeit of two in d u stria l p>ar*cs — the "HyPoint" park 3 m iles east cf Rolla .. and the Rolla In d u strial Park, midway between HyPoint and town. Both these s ite s are a va ila b le far additional in d u stries.

Labor Market;- The Roil^area appears to have s u ffic ie n t laborers to man the several in d u s tria l plants enumerated above. Other personnel w i l l undoubtedly come to R olla, i f and when the demand increases. Several agencies in Rolla care both for "help wanted" and "jobs needed". The State has i t s Employment Secu rity o f f ic e . . . . The U.S. G eological Survey has a personnel o f f i c e . . . .

The U niversity of M issouri-Rolla also has a personnel o f fic e . . . . The Phelps County Memorial Hospital, plus the several medical and dental c lin ic s , care ior employment of nurses. The 17th D is tr ic t Registered Nurses association , plus the R olla Licensed P rofession a l Nurse association, a lso aid in this area.

CVM-BHM-Mon. Mar. 4, 1973.

FOREWORD

- 4 -

State and Na_tional_A£encies i n _ R o l ! a r h e s e agencies have not been fullylis t e d in the foregoing paragraphs - and certain ly need to be mentioned. Thus: State Agencies: In addition to Employment Security and Diagnostic C lin ic, already mentioned, there are these other agencies: State Geological S u rv e y ---State Land Survey Authority . . . State National Guard . . . Highway Maintenance crew and o ffic e . . . State Highway Patrol, Troop I .

There are several other state agencies -which w i l l be described in page s that follow .

U » S . _ A g e n c i e T h e s e include the U.S. Geological Survey - the Water Resources Division . . . the Army Reserve unit . . the Clark and Mark Twain Forest Reserve o ffic e and s t a ff . . . the Rolla Post Of face . . . and several other agencies to be mentioned la t e r . Of high import for Rolla is the national Fort Leonard Wood, th irty miles southwest o f town. Many fam ilies involved in fo rt work - o ffic e rs as w e ll - liv e in R olla.

IN_CONCLUSION OFJfflIS FOK^ORD.- Undoubtedly, we have fa ile d to include EVERT agency or ALL agencies that should be at least mentioned in such a lis t in g of Rolla*s general assets. Many of them w i ll be described or mentioned in the pages that fo llo w .

HOWEVER, what has been so written thus far SHOULD PROVIDE A GENERALLY FULL AND TRUE PICTURE OF ROLLA, AS IT EXISTS TODAY . . . MARCH 4, 1974.

LET US NOW PROCEED WITH THE UNIQUE HISTORY WHICH ROLLA ALSO HAS - WHICH HAS MATURED SINCE THE TOWNSITE WAS FIRST SETTLED ON IN 1844 - AND THE TOWN CHARTERED IN 1S61. oooooooooooooooooo END OF FOREWORD doooo

THE

STORY

OF

V T

i _____

A

_________

MI SSOURI

~BACKSIGHTS~

By Dr. and Mrs. Clair V. Mann Rolla, Missouri COPYRIGHT, 1974

By Clair V. Mann and Bonita. H. Mann Tenants By The Entirety A ll Rights Reserved.

No portion of this Story may be reproduced

By Any Process Whatever Without Written Permission Of Copyright Holders.

1

cm

Nov.6, 1973 tTues.)

- 1 -

THE

S T 0 R I OF ( EolLa, _Missouri, ")c 4c x

" R O L L A11 •)

C h a £ t e r _ ^Section^ 1 ( B.C. 10,000 to A.D. 1861) R O L L A . Missouri, as of November, 1973, is a c ity o f some 13,500 inhabit­ ants ( 1970 census 13,£677), situate in cen tral Missouri, in Phelps County, of which p o lit ic a l e n tity the town is the "c a p ita l" or seat of county government.

The tovm centers in and around the U.S. Public Land Survey section 11, of Township 37 North, Range 8 West o f the L it t le Rock Base Line and the F ifth P rin cip a l Meridian.

ROLLA "was chosen as the county seat by a co unissi on of three c itize n s — who, in December, 1857, met at the home of the John Webbers, mentioned in our Prologue.

This commission decided that the county seat should be located eith er at the Webber home area, or, as an a ltern a te, at the o ific e of the o. otever Company, approximately a quarter o f a m ile to the east. The County Court approved the la t t e r s ite e a rly in 1858 - but the choice was contested by some 600 c itiz e n s of the east portion of the county, who took the matter to the courts, which sustain d them.

But the State L egislatu re stepps d in and o f f i c i a l l y approved the recommended s it e .

The f i r s t instance of the o f f i c i a l use of the name "R olla ", as fix e d to this s ite , and as known to present w riters, was when i t was contained in a deed o f land given fo r townsite purposes, dated May 11, 1858. The town was o f f i c i a l l y surveyed and p la t approved by the County Court on May 11, 1859• P_°LL1INGJ)]IR_ST0RI_0F THI _T0,.'N, i t seems desiraule and expedient to review some o f the major events that preceded and led up to the creation o f the town.

As present w riters wrote such a review fo r pu olication in the "Centennial Look ( Yesterday Lives Again ), in June, 1957, on the occasion of th e_County's Centen­ n ia l celebration - we ex tra ct from that viork the fo llo w in g m aterial taken .rom pages 31 to 73, in c lu s ive. Tojquote: « PART

OF

a

NEW

WORLD

BUT A COUNTRY WITHOUT A NalfF ORIGINAL KMCMLEDGL OF OUR AREA.- This theme gets us back to the days vhen^ so-called aborig in es, possib ly older than the American Indiams ( the 'land-owning Osage trio e o f Missouri, in p a rticu la r ) roamed this area.

These oeople had no h istoria n - had no concept o f h is to r ic w ritin g - so a l l we know o f them is legend, plus what we can in fer a fte r examining the stone ^ arrowheads and other implements they l e f t - the ashes o f the caves they livec in and the pictographs they carved on the faces of c l i f f s . fie thus DO know that such people DID liv e in the R olla and Phelps county area, long before white men even knew that there was such a place as North America.

Thousands of th e ir arrowheads and implements, along with some of th eir skeleuons, have been found in lo c a l caves - or s t i l l l i e buried in our s o il - w aiting to be uncovered and picked up.

CVM Nov.6,1973.

Chapter 1.

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ADVENTURERS FIND HEW WORLD - NAME IT " A M E R I C Humans have liv e d , perhaps, some 10,000 years or more on this ea rth ly globe. But something lik e 9,028 o f those years elapsed before E ric the Red, out o f the old-wor d Norsemens' country, managed ( about -4.D. 985 ) to find Greenland. Sixteen years la te r ( A.D. 1,001;, i f extant records are true, L ie f Ericson contacted the east coast of Labrador, and scouted our A tla n tic coast from there dc*vn to Massachusetts Bay. Four hundred and ninety-one years then elapsed before aolumbus ( October, 1492 ) set fo o t on San Salvador Island - 80 miles south and 400 east o f the southern t ip o f F lorid a.

Before Columbus and the h is to ry w riters of the Old io rld ( Asia-Europe) knew that they had found a new continent ( an e ffe c tu a l b a rrier to th eir desired voyage to the East Indies J, Columbus ted to make two other trip s . Added to them were the d iscoveries o f the ^abots ( John, the fa th er, 1497, and Sebastian, the son, 1498 j, who sk irted our A tla n tic coast from Newfoundland to Cape Hatteras, o f f the coast at the c it y of Raleigh, North Carolina.

I t f in a lly took Amerigo Vespucci's examination o f the northeast coast o f South America to clin ch the fin d . Whereupon, the h isto ry -w ritin g world adopted AMERICA as the name of the New .or Id - thus honoring Vespucci, instead of choosing ’'Columbia" fcr Columbus.

Thus did our Holla and Phelps County area share in this f i r s t naming o f our land.

UNDaR TH-_ FRENCH FLAG.- La_3alle_Claim£ and hage s. ^Louisiana".- « va s tly in teres tin g background story, with d e ta il not possible her , d iscloses the success w ith which a v e rita b le armada o f sailor-adventurers "poked a t" the new continent to learn what i t was lik e , what shape i t had, vfoo liv e d in i t . Many such adven­ turers s t i l l sought that major goal - the road to the East In dies.

We sh a ll here, in a few paragraphs, endeavor to cover th is vast story area, from the year 1507 ( when they f i r s t called the new world "America" )t o lo82 ( now 291 years ago ) when Robert Chevalier, Sieur de la S a lle, named our portion o f the continent "Louisiana". This he did on March 13, 1682, while standing at the mouth o f the great M ississip p i r iv e r , vhich he had just descended.

In the name o f King Louis 14th of France, La S alle claimed as a French possession, p r a c tic a lly a l l the v a lle y areas o f the Ohio, Missouri, and M ississippi r iv e r s - with a l l the lands in the v a lle y s of a l l the trib u ta rie s to those r iv e r s .

In his proclamation he included possession o f " a l l the lands, provinces, coun­ t r ie s , people and nations ( the Indians ), the mines, ores, ports, harbors, seas, s tr a its , and roadsteads" ! !

Thus did our R olla and Phelps County area get a celebrated name - and f i r s t come under domination of the White Man as part of "LOUIMI,wjM' .

THREE GREAT EXPEDITIONS PROBE INTEBICf .... [EMIf.,.- In the year 1528, Pamphilo de Narvaez led a disastrous expedition in to Florida, and thus triggered three most extraordinary, important, inform ative explorations - those of Cabeza de Vaca, Hernando De Soto, and Don Francesco Vazquez de Coronado.

With some 300 sold iers and artisans, de Narvaez fought his way from Tampa Bay to an area not fzr north of the mouth of the Appalachia r iv e r . Here they were stranded, k liie d a l l th eir horses, made crude boats, and skirted the Gulf coast as far as Pensacola. In this area a great storm broke, v/recking a l l the boats. De Narvaez was swept out to sea by the mighty M ississipp i r iv e r current, and was never heard of again. Only four o f his 300 men ever returned to c i v i l i z a ­ tion .

These four survivors included Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca ( "CabezW) — .-.lonso d e l C a s tillo Maldonado ( " C a s t illo " ), Andres Dorantes de Carranca ( "Dorantes", and the bla ck slave "E stevan ieo".

cm N o v .6,1973.

Chapter 1

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a ft e r shipwreck near Galveston, Texas, and six years o f enslavement among lo c a l Indians, these four escaped. Led by Cabeza - and_walking_li - they imde th e ir way back to Old Mexico by ’way of L I Paso, southeast New Mexico, and the Sonoro River v a lle y .

Cabeza's s to rie s o f th eir adventures, and of the "Seven d it ie s of Gold" o f which they had heard so much, provided the tinder which touched o f f the even more remarkable and important excursions ( 1539-42) o f Be Soto and Coronado. This crossing of the continent by the Cabeza crew was the third so made of the New orld .

A fte r t e llin g his story to the Old Mexican o f f i c i a l s , Cabeza returned to Spain, where the s to rie s intrigued De Soto, and triggered his expedition.

These expeditions of De Soto and Coronado were, to the greatest degree, extraor dinary - both in daring, hardships, and in scope fo r th e ir times. They were of greatest importance because of being the very f i r s t "in terio r-p ro b in g" trip s made by white men. Both expeditions were urged on by the hope of fin d in g the "Seven C itie s of Gold", with great treasures of gold such as iiz a r r o h d found in the Incas encampment in South America. N either expedition found GOLD but both accumulated vast stores of information.

Both o f these trip s had tremendous impact on Lew World events that follow ed.

Coronado's d iscoveries resulted ( 1598 ) in the Spanish settlement of Santa Fe a place whereunto, presently ( two and a quarter centuries la t e r ) the famous Santa Fe T r a il would reach, from the St. Louis area.

And who can deny it ?? Very possibly, the habitants o f our Rolla-Phelps County area o f the year 1541 got news of De Soto's incursion in to southeast and southwest Missouri, and up the White r iv e r v a lle y - through t r ib a l "grape­ vine" and runners.

Coronado had ceen in the Kansas area on the same date as De Soto was in northeast Oklahoma. Coronado had discovered the great Colorado r iv e r , explored Lower C a lifo rn ia Bay, found the Colorado's Grand Canyon, and. toured .rizona, New Mexico, western Texas, ana Kansas.

- c -

-

-

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THE FRENCH PURGE CANADA. - While De Soto and Coronado thus invaded the southern and southwestern in te r io r , Jacques C artier ( 1534—41) ascended the St. Lawrence riv e r, thus preceding La S a lle and claim ing Canada far France. Camuel Champlaijms ( 1603-17) explored and claimed fo r France the Lake Champlain area, and in 1608 founded the c it y of iuebec.

This was in the same year as the telescope was invented. Just the year before ( 1607 ) Capt. John Smith ( rescued by Princess Pocahontas ) had founded the English colony at Jamestown, V irg in ia . Smith ( 1614 ) made a kinute inspec­ tion o f the Chesapeake Bay coast. Henry Hudson ( 1609 ) sailed his "H alf . oon" ship in to New York harbor, thus givin g the Dutch a claim to Staten Island fo r th eir c it y of New Amsterdam.

Following th is incursion, Hudson then cruised up the Hudson r iv e r and returned to make two exploratory trip s in to Hudson Bay. There he perished a fte r his sh ip's crew reb elled and pitched h i overboard.

On the P a c ific coast, various Spanish, English and Russian &dyenturers scouted the coast lin e s of C a liforn ia , Oregon and 'Washington, O f"greatest im­ portance to America — Capt. Robert Gray, s a ilin g the good ship ' oolufabia", cn-r— tered in Boston, discovered the mouth of the great Columbia River (1792/, thus layin g the ground fo r United States ownership o f a l l o f the northwest states Idaho, Oregon, shington — in competition with angland.

F in a lly, Don Gasper de Portola (17t>9) discovered oan trancisco Bay, and in 1776 - year of American Declaration of Independence - the Spanish so ld ier, Col. Juan Bautista de Anza, established the "P resid io" ( m ilita r y post ) where

CVM-BHM Nov 7,1973Chapter 1.

- 4 -

San Francisco now stands. The year before ( 1775 ), 3on Manuel Ayala p ilo te d the very f ir s t ship — the San Carles — in to San Francisco Bay. fro l^/i to 1580 S ir Francis Drake passed through the southern t ip oi oouth America ( Magellan S ts s its ), and followed the P a c ific coast ~s fa r north as 3an Francisco and as much farthe as the 48th p a r a lle l o f la titu d e - approximately the north lin e of the State of Washington.

FIRST BUPDTtn ATiERICAHCOLONIES.- Back on the A tla n tic coast, the Spaniard, Pp Ht-o Mplenriez, founded the FIRST permanent American c it y - St. Augustine, Florida in 1565 . Jamsstown, V irgin ia , follow ed in 1607. The P ilgrim Fathers disembarked on the t ip o f Cape Cod on November 9, and at Plymouth Rock, just below boston, on December 11, 1620 .

John Garver, the f ir s t Pilgrim governor, died the year a fte r landing, and was succeeded ( 1621 ) by Governor William Bradford - ancestor of our Phelps County Bradfords.

Let us now allow the New Lnglsnd and A tla n tic coast colonies to devexo^;'„, fig h t th eir Indian wars with King P h ilip and the Pequots, and do a l l other things up to the days o f the Boston Tea Party, the Stamp Act, the b a ttle s o± Lexington and Bunker H ill (1775 ) -- while we go to old-time ''Louisiana", to see what was Happening there, meanwhile. Explorers were continuing to probe nearer and nearer to our Phelps bounty—Rolla area.

EARLIEST FRENCH ’’LOUISIANA GOVJRMLNT11 MINES ..RC DISCOVLRLD AlO W0: W-lJ.La S a lle was the f ir s t to attempt to colonize "Louisiana", follow in g his lo82 proclamation o f French possession. He died in the attempt (1687).

In 1699, a second settlement was made at B ilo x i, on the M ississip p i r iv e r , fo r t y miles above it s o u tle t. 'This p ro je ct was perfected under leadership of Governor Pierre le Moyne d’ - Ib e r v ille .

During the next dec de, numerous adventurers, hunters, and trappers ascended the M ississipp i, the Missouri, and th e ir trib u ta rie s - returning with information, beaver and other fu rs, and - most important - with specimens of lead and iron _ ores. The p o s s ib ility o f lu cra tive development and trade in a l l the ; iis sis s io p i V a lley area ( » Louisiana" ) caught the imagination of one Antoine Crozet, of France - who obtained from the King permission to so ex clu sive ly develope trade of every kind in the area.

For a short tine ( 1714-16 } one La Motte C adillac ( often ca lled ju st 'LaLotte") became governor.- Hearing of lead mines located in what now is southe st i.issou ri, he became much excited, and v is ite d the area. On th is v i s i t , he discovered the great lead mine, at Fredericktown, Mo., that bears^has name the nine La nott .

Of a l l the mines of southeast Missouri, this one y ie ld s minor amounts of s ilv e r and cobalt. LaMotte wanted "s ilv e r and gold" thought he had them.

But, using such m etallu rgical equipment as t. ey then had, £ilver_ana_ 2-Si were_not_to be_fou M . To them, the smelted lead was worthless - and so the .ro z e t p ro je ct fa ile d .

Whsn. in 1716, La Motte re tire d as Governor, one Baptiste le ^oyne, Sieur de B ie n v ille , b ro tter o f B ilo x i's governor Pierre d' Ib e r v ille ^ a m e Governor. B ie n v ille dispatched his trusty lieutenant, oharles -laude Ju iisne, on a voyage to the Osage Indian trib e , then liv in g at or near the junction of the Osage riv e r with the M issouri. Du Tisne was an experienced sold ier, an an Indian p a c ifie r . His mission was to esta b lish fr ie n d ly rela tio n s with one psags trib e , arxi the "M issouris".

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CW-BHi-i-Nov. 7,19 73 • Chapter 1.

On th is t r ip ( 1718 ) Du Tisne made the f i r s t "White Man's" crossing oi our Roll^-Phelos oounty area. S tarting from old Kaskaskia, 111. near today's s“ e . G m e ,ie w ‘ ) he e r a s e d h i l l . va lley s of

TOR LF.AD LINTS BLOSSOM.- Upon collapse of the Crozet scheme two f ;1 ‘ ^ u ‘ compan ies f e l l heir to t h T p r iv ile g e of developing and tam in g w ithin Louisiana ( the " I l l i n o i s Country" l plus Missouri m parncuM : Under one P h ilip Francis Renault, a second contingent of French artisans, lead mines - but fa ile d to extract s ilv e r and gold, th eir immediate g a d . *n smelte“ L a d was o f in fe r io r Q rH lity. I t wee rhns that in a drort t m , the Renault project was loaded with debt, and aoandoned by it s promoters. ^ Renault and his associates had, however S ? 5d! y t h e " S h l h T own « . founded - before returninc to France, a wiser, poorer man. .

In te r e s tin g ly one of the rich est mines found, having a solid lead vein a

4SZXII

L

i h

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i s

,

.lerrimac" or other version, is the correct s p e llin g , the year 1700, was " Miaramigoua".

The in c ip ie n t development of tee southeast ^ o s t.s i^ ifi^ c ^ there, in th«> years on 1797 to ^ W ^ t h t

another s p e llin 0, ^ c lu s t I d a s in _th is cu a rter".

S e SSeaf h lo S e d to to r e a i i t d t e H ‘the l i l ® u ? i School o f - ic e s opened its doors at H olla in 1871. , , . „„ Hoses Austin h«J been attraoteid to ^ ^ P o t o s i O ^ . " ^ k n e e ls „ « i , because o f the great ^xne a --r“ r ^ S o n a S e Cw?rd 7 r « W .

\ \ annnn - la

. H r ^ f c t S ^ > i : p S s n^ . S S a S 3 i s . in Europe. „ ot, , Rri«ard Braddock was defeated, July 9, 1855, The B ritis h army under ^ n?r '4 .“ ^ 1 1 fe For a tin e, the French armies

encounter.

For the French - t h | p ^ i j c _ t g _ ^ ^

P-°S“

had won - and thereupon Louisiana east o f the is s is s ie p i

far°ns o l h as M u t i a S State 1 * i o h » s s t i l l owned by Spam.

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In 1762 , the French, an ticip atin g further defeat, wished to keep the B ritis h out o f that part o f ’’Louisiana" west of the M ississip p i. France therexore th is area to Spain.

And thus did the Rolla-Phelps County area come under Spanish domination fo r fo r t y years ( 1762 to 1 S02 ).

BIRTH OF ST. LOUIS. 1764.- I t was in 1764 that Pierre Laclede, with aid of his assistant, August Choutea.u, founded St. Louis and the western iur tr^de. .ue.. made a success of what Crozet had fa ile d in - in tern a l trading.

On the A tla n tic coast, the Boston Tea Party was on. B attles of Lexington ani Bunker H i l l were soon to be fought ( 1775 )* The American D eclaration of Independence was to be drafted, July 4, 1776, and the War of the Revolution ould continue u n til 1783* . . . .

During this period, George Rogers Clark, xvith his .imerican armies, 'rested from B rita in that part of Louisiana Lngland had taken from * ranee — th - part east of the M ississip p i r iv e r . Out o f this area came the great ''Northwest T erri­ to ry 11 out o f which were carved the states of Ohio, Indiana, I l l i n o i s , ,.iseonsin, ani Michigan, in 1787. President Georgs Washington reigned over this area from 1789 to 1797.

But . . . The Rolla-Phelps County area was s t i l l "Louisiana", dominated by Spain, but over—run by the Osage trib e of Indians. Tbe_ are_a_jvas_still_nc> Lart^oJ£ the_ U nitedjState^ of_America.

LIBERATION AND RS-blRTH - UNDER THE- AMERICAN FLAG*- March 9, 1804, was a day o f greatest sign ifica n ce for Rolla and Phelps County - for thata_s__the_day_ on which _our_ area_be_canie_ a n _ o ffic ia l ^ 3-rt_of t^he_ WJnite d S.ta_te_s__of i^mcri.ca_' .

In France, Napoleon Bonaparte had come to power. For France, he had demanded that Spain should return t i t l e to "Louisiana Province", ceded in 1762. Being at war with B rita in , he needed spot cash. Therefore, when he considered the fact^ that America was angry because Spain was r e s tr ic tin g passage of ^merican snipping down the M ississip p i r iv e r , and past New Orleans - and that America was ^se mving a remedy - Napoleon eagerly accepted the American o ffe r o f $15,000,000 lo r Louis­ iana. _ T T, The trea ty embodyingth is deal reachedPresident lhomas Jefierson on July i t , 1803. On November 30, Spain retroceded t i t l e to France. On December 20, trance form ally relinquished t i t l e to America.

But i t was not u n til March 9, 1804, that the fin a l^ r ite s o f tran sfer were performed. On that day, Captain Amos Stoddard, an American army o f- ic e r , on beh alf o f France, accepted the Spanish relinquishment from Spain's governor, Charles DeHault DeLassus. The Spanish fla g was thereupon lowered, and the French fla g raised .

Captain Stoddard then, as a representative of the French gover iraent, relinqu ­ ished French t i t l e to the United sta tes. The Fr ench fla g was lowered, the American fla g raised while cannon booms saluted the new ownership.

Thus was the French fla g lowered, and the American fla g raised - not only over the town o f St. Louis - but also_over the R o lla -r help s_C ounty_ area. m f Cm BELONGED 1 THE EARLIEST COUNTY ORGANIZATIONWhile under Spanish-French ru le, a l l of "Upper Louisiana Province" ha . been “subdivided, for governmental purposes, in to RIVE " D is tr ic ts " - those of St. Charles, S t.,L ou is, Ste. Genevieve, sape mirar .deau, and New Madrid.

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The St. Charles D is tr ic t w. s north o f -issc uri r iv e r , and extended west from the M ississip p i r iv e r in d e fin ite ly to west bounds of "Louisiana. ■ St.Louis D is tr ic t was between the Missouri and Mararaec r iv e r s , and included most of what is now Phelps county. . . . S te . Genevieve D is tr ic t extended in d e fin ite ly west, and south from St.Louis D is t r ic t to Apple Creek, near present-day boundary between Perry and Capr Girardeau counties. . . . cape Girardeau D is tr ic t came ne^-.t — and New Madrid D is t r ic t extended south approximately to the south lin e of Arkansas.

These old " d is t r ic t " bounds were continued, as the Americans took over Louisiana, but the " d is t r ic t s " were renamed as the counties: St. Charles, 3t.j_.ouis, Ste. Genevieve, Cape Girardeau, and New Madrid.

In 1804, Congress named that part of "Louisiana" south of la titu d e 33 degrees ( south lin e of today's Arkansas ) as the "T e r r ito r y of O rlean s1. Our ( the north) portion o f Louisiana was designated as the "D is tr ic t of. cuisiana' , anu placed under adm inistration o f William Henry Harrison ( future U .3 .^ P resid en t), who was also, at that time, governor of the T e rrito ry of Indiana.

This arrangement so g re a tly displeased the residents of Louisian; " that Comgress in 1805 detached "Upper Louisiana' from Indiana, and erested i t into^the "T e r r ito r y of Louisiana", with it s own governor - Gen. James filkinson. He liv e d in St. Louis, and f i l l e d that o ffic e u n til March 3, 1807 -w hen President Jefferson removed him, and as his successor appointed Meriwether Lewis. . . . . Lewis was ju st back from his great western ( Lewis & Clark ) expedition. He reached it.L ou is in July, 1807."

PRESjjgSMT JEFFERSON DISPATCHES SXPZ-DITIONS.- Lewis & Clark 11803- j 6_) .- The resu lts, net the details., of the western expeditions o f Lewis and Clark (.1 03-06) and of Zebulon Pike and his aid, James .ilkinson, Jr. ( 1805-07) concern us here. liven before Ffance (1803) relinquished Louisiana, President Jefierson, .vantin to know everything possible about the "new country", the winter oi 180p commissioned Merriwether Lewis and A illiam Clark to head an expedition up the missouri L iv e r v a lle y , and down the Snake and Columbia r iv e rs to the Oregon P a c ific coast.

They were to gather every possible item of information aoout the new country; vie re to p a cify ana make fr ie n d ly tre a tie s with a l l the Indian trib es met with; and were to occupy the "Oregon Country" by descending the uolumoia r iv e r , discovered oy Capt. Gray in 1792. Thus they would "clin ch " America's t i t l e to the re ;ion now covered by the states of Idaho, Oregon, and .Washington.

The mission was su ccessfu lly accomplished, 1304-06. Trie party made s i g n i f i ­ cant contacts with the Osage trib e , which then "owned" a l l of our Missouri area south of Missouri r iv e r . In 1808, th is contact resulted in the sale by the Osage trib e o f some 40 m illio n acres cf land to the united otates — fo r sometning lix e ..,40,000 - one tenth ox3_a_cent per acre 11 ---- 'Lie area so^ sold stretched from the Missouri r iv e r to the Arkansas, and west from the M ississip p i to today's west lin e of Missouri.

Pike_andJ»filkinson_(1805-07) L ieu t. Zebulin Pike and h is aid, Lieu t. James .ilkinson, J r .,, were eommissioned ( 1805 ) by President Jefferson to return certain Indian prisoners to th eir home trib e , the Osages of Missouri, then encamped on the Osage r iv e r .

They f i r s t explored headwaters of the M ississippi r iv e r, a fte r which, fretn St. Louis, they turned west to explore the west boundary of "Louisians" - down the Rocky Mountains of southern Colorado to the Red River of Texas.

Leaving the Osage prisoners with their trib e, Pike and .ilkinson survived a precarious v i s i t to the Pawnee Indians cf cen tral Kansas. Then tney headed soutu " to the great berri o f Arkansas riv e r, where they parted.

CV: ~ ;Ii -Nov.9,1 ;73.

- 8 Wilkinson descended the Arkansas r iv e r , and soon th erea fter reported to President Jefferson . His view was that m illion s of b u ffa lo and antelope on Kansas plains would feed „tte_In d ian s_of southeast.ern_United S ta te s _ fd riv e r .

The White Man wanted the Indians taken out of the South.

A fter receivin g and considering this report, Jefferson concluded that_here was the best " Indian P o lic y ” fo r the nation. Give the Indians large reserva­ tions on the plains - l e t them feed on b u ffa lo .

By the end of the year 1838, that p o lic y had been carried out - fo r c ib ly removing the Gherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, and some Seminoles from the South, eventu ally confining them in Indian T errito ry , now Oklahoma. Thousands of Indians thus perished, sorrow fu lly fo llo w in g th eir " T r a il of Tears". Some few crossed Phelps County.

L ieu t. Pike ascended the Arkansas r iv e r - discovered P ik e's Peak, then became confused. In southern Colorado, he mistook the Rio Grande River fo r the Red River o f Texas. He was on Mexican s o il, but unaware o f i t . He was building a fo r t when Mexican police arrested him and imprisoned him at Santa Fe. That was more o f a boon to P ik e's country than he then knew! a l l about Santa Fe he observed brisk trade among the Mexicans - with merchants from Old Mexico. They exchanged cloth, food s tu ffs , and general merchandise and gave s ilv e r and gold coin in payment That was money of a kind that P ik e's nation did not have - and desperately wanted

What to do ?? . . . Capture this Mew Mexican, Santa Fe trade fo r the United States 11 . . . . That was P ik e's great contribution, on his return a fte r relea se.

A "Santa Fe T r a il" and Santa Fe trade at once became a f i r s t goal fo r St. Louis merchants - and others as w ell. Stray peddlers had casually trod the T r a il before, but in 1821 Capt. illia m Becknell, "Father o f Santa Fe T r a il", led a pack tra in ( horses and mules Jl oaded w ith a ttra c tiv e goods, f ro/a nr rowr Missouri, to Santo. Fe. He blazed the T r a i l l Here in Phelps County, at the time, the fa m ilies of Harrison, Duncan, Johnson, and the Bradfords had already ( 1318 ) b u ilt th e ir lo g huts along the Gasconade and South Spring Creek. Inside a decade, Maram.c Iron orks - not yet born - would be sending iron commodities to Santo Fe over B ecknell's T r a i l l That t r a i l , together with the "Oregon Tr a i l " , conducted vast quantities o f merchandise from St. Louis and the East, to points as fa r west as Oregon. Thous­ ands of s e tt le r s follow ed. Many stopped o ff, as did the Webber fam ily, to fin d homes in our Rolla-Phelps County or neighboring areas. Thus i t continued up to the day of our e a r lie s t railroads - I 860 to 1869 .

EARLIEST PIONEER DAYS IK PHELPS COUNTY .- We have now reached the point where lo c a l settlem ent of our Rolla-Phelps County area takes the lim e lig h t. Many of our e a r lie s t pioneer s e tt le r s were already here when Major Stephen Long, General W illiam H. Ashley and his Rocky Mountain Fur Company, and Capt. John C. Fre...ont were in the West. In 1818, Daniel Morgan Boone, son of Daniel, crossed our county, going up the Gasconade. That was the same year as that in which A stor's sto ria Party", led by Wilson Price Hunt, crossed America overland, going from S t. Louis to the mouth o f the Columbia r iv e r , in Washington sta te. » TERRITORY OF MISSOURI". 1812. .. CREATION OF FRANKLIN aND QTH ,R M-.RLY COUNTIES.- On July 4, 1812, Congress organized the "T e r r ito r y of M issou ri."

William Clark, of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, became the f i r s t t e r r i t o r i a l governor, ad uming o ffic e in 1813. 'The T e rrito ry had the p r iv ile g e oi sending ONE delegate t o the National Congress.

In St. Louis, the f i r s t T e r r it o r ia l Legislature convened in Joe Rouidoux* s house on December 7, 1812. The House of Representatives included 13 .embers. The L e g is la tiv e Council had 9 ............. Courts included Superior an In fe r io r Courts, with ju stices o f the peace .

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Chaptel 1

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i t was under this t e r r i t o r i a l organization that, on Octofcer 1 , 1812, the old Spanish " d is t r ic t s " were re-named "counties" - St. Charles, St. Louis, Ste. Genevieve, Cape Girardeau, and New Madrid. As of 1810, the State had * 0,845 inhabitants.

Mining_0perations in and around ro to s i at that time made that area important enough to be severed from Ste. Genevieve County, and (1813) created the County o f Washington. The new county took in area to f r west bounds o f ..issouri T e rrito ry so included parts of present Phelps County. . . . Howard County, cut from S t. Louis and St. Charles counties, was created in 1816 , and included a l l the area north of the Osags r iv e r and Missouri r iv e r , and south of the d ivid in g ridge between watersheds of the Missouri and M ississipp i r iv e r s ........... Howard County became the "Mother o f Counties" fo r many succeeding years - and also the scene of one o f the greatest and fin a l Missouri b a ttle s with the Indians.

In 1818, the T e r r it o r ia l Legislatu re, s t i l l meeting in 3 t.Lou is, organized the counties o f Pike, Clark, Jefferson, fra n k lin , Wayne, Lincoln, .adison, Mont­ gomery, and Cooper. . . . The Rolla-Phelps County area thus became part of F r.n k lin County - and it s e a r lie s t pioneers were lis t e d as Franklin County residents. j-he Legislature oi 1819 asked congress to authoriae 'statehood" fo r . iss o u ri.

This movement lin gered u n til 1820, when the f i r s t State Constitution was drafted and also u n til 1821, when Congress — f i r s t enacting the " Missouri Compromise" — approved the Constitution and form ally admitted the S tate.

In 1819 , Congress severed what is today "Arkansas" from Missouri Territory, and gave i t it s own t e r r it o r ia l government. . . . e are, again, rig h t in the period when the f i r s t Phelps County pioneers came to our area. They now began to take an active part in t e r r it o r ia l and state governmental a ffa ir s .

MISSOURI'S STaTM COHCTITUHGK OF 1820.- Missourians cf 1820 wrote the f i r s t state Constitution during July, 1820, at St. Louis. . . . Congress balked at approval, because o f the slave Question - and at that time (1820) passed the famous ' Missouri Compromise" act. Formal admission of Missouri as a State of the Union came by proclamation of President James Monroe on August 10 , 1821.

Alexander McNair became the s ta te 's f i r s t Governor, Gen. . . i l l lam . . ..shley the f i r s t Lieu t. Governor. ...B u t before o f f i c i a l statehood was re a lize d , the T e r r it o r ia l Legislature created the addition al counties of Boone, Callaway, Chariton, Cole, GASCONaDL. Lafayette, Perry, R alls, Ray, and S a lin e . By this action, our Rolla-Phelps County area became part of Gasconade ^ounty.

Thus the area remained u n til 1829, when Crawford County was created. I t included most o f west Missouri south of Osage r iv e r , and as fa r south as the north lin e s of Newton, Barry, Christian, and Howell counties of today, as so created, the new Crawford county included the counties that are now Phelps, Laclede, Varies, M ille r , Camden, Texas, Wright, and yet others.

And to fin is h out the creation of counties now near Phelps, their dates o f establishment were these: Crawford ( 1829 ) . . . Pulaski ( 1833 ) . . . Texas ( 1845).

Dent (.1851) . . . Maries ( 1855 ) and Phelps ( 1857 ) .

GaSCOwaDji COURTI BQwT-ilhG OUR aRM-.. — Our F ir sb_ Pioneer s_ParticijDate d In It s E a r lie s t_ A ffa ir s .- Gasconade County was greated by le g is la t iv e action November25, 1820. That was p rior to M issou ri's formal admission as a State of the Union, August 10, 1821. £, The f ir s t Gasconade County court met on January 1, 1821. The county, as then organized, took in e s s e n tia lly what are new Osage and Gasconade counties. However,

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a fa r la rger area was attached for c i v i l , ju d ic ia l, and m ilita ry pui pose.... Tnis area included today’ s counties o f Phelps, Dent, Crawford, xexas, rulasKi, Maries, M ille r , Laclede, Camden, Fright, Webster, Dallas, Folk, Hickory, Cedar, Dade, Barton, and Greene.

This added t e r r ito r y , except that i t was sca n tily populated, was ju st as much "Gasconade County" as the county—seat area. ro.:. the beginning (. our several Phelps County pioneer fa m ilies - fa m ilies of John Duncan ( o r . j , Janes Harrison, W illiam Coppedge, David Lenox, Adam and Neely Bradford, and P h ilip Boulware — were c lo s e ly a f f i l i a t e d with the a ffa ir s oi the o r ig in a l Gasconade County - although outside i t s sp ecified o f f i c i 1 bound a 'ie s .

For instance, we find that between 1820 and 1829 — before Crawford County was created and took over a l l of the " attached te r r ito r y " ju st mentioned - the Harrisons o f Arlington, within today's Phelps County, played a formidable ro le in county and state government.

The father, Janes B. Harrison, along with William Bumpass and Robert Shobe, constituted th Gasconade County Court in 1826 . That same yec.r, ...arison represented Gasconade County in the State Legislature ( it s 4th session), as also in the 7th session in 1832 .

The son, John B ra z il Harrison, held numerous o ffic e s - assessor, county clerk, c ir c u it clerk, s h e r iff, and county representative in the 10th Gener. 1 Assembly (1838). He and his brother, the future Dr. James Pryor Harrison, donated the o rig in a l s ite of Tuscurabia, county seat of m ille r County. ohn Harrison represented M ille r County in the 1 1 th and lo th uener 1 . sse b lie s ( 1840-50). Samuel Harrison was Gasconade County c o lle c to r . amuel duncan and P h ilip Boulware signed the p e titio n re uesting relo ca tio n o f the^Gasconade County seat at Mount S te rlin g . Townships were named i honor o f Daniel ..organ Boone ( a county resident ), Boulware, and Skaggs.

John Duncan (S r .) served on various court ju rie s , and A illia m Coppedge, our Kewburg "Kentuckian" and powder—maker, was a most notable assessor. Talk about M issou ri's ea rly c ir c u it-r id in g preachers - Coppedne covered the vast " attached area" we de■cribed above, fe r re tin g out tnose who should p^y taxes.

His taxpayer l i s t o f 1828 included 416 names, and of there -e h v t id e n tifie d some 60 as c itiz e n s who liv e d close to or inside present bounds of Phelps County.

Gasconade City, located where the Gasconade r iv e r join s the M issoud, was la id out ( 1821 ) as the f i r s t county seat o f Gasconade County. ihere is where the t e r r ib le ra ilro a d wreck of 1855 occurred, whe n the old P a c ific Railroad bridge crumpled.

A great Missouri-Gasconade r iv e r flood in 1825 submerged the town, so that a second county seat s ite was chosen. This was some twenty miles upstre. a 6 miles west and 17 miles south of Gasconade C ity . in lc28, that site was also flooded out. The county seat was then ( 1829 ) moved to icunt te r lin g , on a b lu ff where modern State Highway 50 crosses the Gasconade.

OUR PIONEERS D6MIIMTB CRAW ORD COUNTY. CREATED L. 1829 ♦- On _January 23, 1329, the t e r r ito r y that had been "attached '1 to Gasconade County i or c i d j , .judicial, and m ilita r y purposes was established as Crawford aounby. i t thus included the present-day counties cf Crawford, Phelps, sent, Maries, ‘e - -, < Pulaski,' Laclede, Camden, Wright, Webster, Dallas, Pole, Hickory, redur, Dade, Barton, Greene, maybe others.

The supplementary act o f 1831 lopped o f f the area covered by Polk, i.icr.orj, Cedar, Dade, Barton, and Greene counties, with west halves of Dallas, remden, ana Webster. This made the ffiangua and Osage r iv e r s the westerp boundary of Crawford County.

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The home of our e a r lie s t pioneer, Ja- ..so Hah-aX-iBn.) ut " l i t t l e rin ey ", was designated as county seat u n til such time as the County Court should choose some "other place. Court remained at H arrison's home u n til 1835, when fo r a single session i t met in the old Snelson-Brikner log cabin, a mile east of Maramec Spring. The county seat then went permanently to o t e e lv ille .

During the years 1829-1857, the roster of Crawford County o f f i c i a l s is la r g e ly composed of people who liv e d within present bounds of Phelps ^ounty. ho fam ilies were more prominent in lo c a l government than the Harrisons, Duncans, Hawkins, and Coppedges, who had f i r s t come t o th is area. How w e ll th is tte ats th eir q u a litie s of in te llig e n c e and leadership 1 The foregoing fa m ilies were joined by the fa m ilies of John D illon , Benjamin Wishon, Lyle Singleton, and a l l the Maramec Iron Corks fa m ilies - those of Samuel Massey, William James, John Hyer, Barnabas and William rthur. John Hyer was member of the 1875 Constitutional Convention (M is s o u ri's ). He also represented Crawford County in the State Legislature - 12 th (1824) and 15th (1848) sessions. L evi Snelson was state representative in the 14 th (1846; session.

BUT JOM_DUKCAN,_Sr., was Crawfcrd County's very f i r s t representative in the 9 th session ( 1836-37C* As for the f i r s t Crawford County Court - it s members were illia m Montgomery, Barney Lowe, and JCHN DUHCaH. Sr . , the " b e ll wether" of our pioneer group. Be was on numerous grand ju rie s , commissions, loca tin g county seats elsewhere, and otherwise g ivin g public service to his State and County. An in t e llig e n t , educated, p a tr io tic leader.

JMBS K RRI3QM was, from the f i r s t (1829), the Crawford County Clerk. Court proceedings, recorded in his own handwriting - and that of his sons - can s t i l l be inspected at the Crawford County court house in , t c e i v i l i e .

Sessions - both of the "County Court" ( business agency and the "C ircu it Court" ( c i v i l and crim inal lawsuits ) were held at Harrison's home, at l i t t l e Piney. The C ircu it Court sessions of 1331-33 were so spectacular that wo sh^11 have to describe some of them here.

CIRCUIT COURT AT HARRISON HOUS.B. 1831-33.- May 19, 1 31, was a b eau tifu l balmy spring day. From homes as far as 50 m iles away, en tire f rallies had come, by covered wagon and ox team, to observe "LA D.rY", being held at the home of James and Lovisa Harrison, a t L it t le Piney. This was the temporary county seat.

Families were scattered a l l about. Mo ning camp f ir e s were kindL.d, co ffe e pots were on the f i r e , and old-time cast iron k e ttle s hung from sapling bars restin g on forked sta tes. Breakfast time, with bacon, Johnny-cake, c o ffe e .

Presently, on his horse, with ju d ic ia l trappings in his saddle tag, there came Hon. David Todd, Judge of the F ir s t Ju dicial Circuit. Uith himBrode Hon. Robert W. W ells, M issou ri's Attorney General - who, by law, was Prosecuting Attorney.

Recognizing these gentlemen, one James Campbell strode forth , presenting his commission as Crawford County s h e r iff, signed by Governor Alexander ucBair.

With this act, the C ircu it Court was in session.

Lweyers receivin g permission to practice included Robert ... .M ils, John S. Brickey, Robert A. Awing, P h ilip Cole, David S terigere, John Jamison, Villiar.i Scott, and John .ils o n .

WHO BEKE_Tffi_CULPRITS ?? There had to be a Grand Jury to fin d them. S h e r iff Campbell read~a l i s t o f ju ry ten he had made. Agiin, the lime l i ^ i t f e l l on our Duncans, Lenoxs, Coppedges. The r o l l was t h is : DAVID LBHOX,_foreman; 'JOHN DUNCAN, S r.; Curg^Duncan, W illiam Coppedge, /ilson Lenox, absalom Cornelius, Janies G illesp y, G-eorge Henson, Isaac Brown, John Hillhouse, Thomas Johnson,

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Jzmes Lester, Janes Benton, W illiam B ritton , John Lamb, Asa P in n ell, John Honsinger, Humphrey Yowell, and John Garter. Several - a lso called - fa ile d to appear. These: Samuel King, Achrey Hart, Thomas Stark, Leonard Eastwood, John Skaggs, James Vilson, William Beatly, and Stephen Dickson.

The Reccrd_3ays_: 11 The Grand Jury re tire d to the brush to d e lib e ra te ". There they scanned memory to learn who were the c u lp rits . They came up with several, and so reported to the Court.

Jane s Wilson - on the Grand Jury l i s t - had stolen a horse. Being not present, his bondsmen had to pay. . . . James Dewberry had slugged somebody. For him, i t was I 1.00 and coots - and they were assessed by Crawford County's f i r s t ju ry.

The jury ?? Foreman, Anthony Kitchen, the a rea's top-notch fa rm e r -ta ilo r .

He could cut and f i t the fin e s t of mens' su its, o f broadcloth. The jury members ?

John B. Harrison .. Larkin Bates . . . John Vest . . . Joseph Carter Hawkins . . .

James and Josiah Dodd . . . William Leek . . . George P. Kitchen .. Edward Clayton . . .

Noah Strong ...and William Knox.

George Carrico, who had stolen a pair of shoes, at f i r s t was bonded fo r 1300 - then found "not g u ilt y " . John Baldridge, charged with slugging, was bonded fo r $100, then found not g u ilt y " . Micaijah Morris, who broke a padlock and entered where he had no business, was discharged. William Coppedge, peace ju stice, had rendered a decision d is ta s te fu l to a complainant. On appeal, the C ircu it Court agreed, and fin ed Coppedge one cent.

The foregoing was a f i r s t session. A second one o f in te re s t occurred on August 5th, 1833. I t was a su ltry day. C ircu it ^ourt was ag i n in session at the Harrison home, K it t le Pfney. Hon. Charles K. A llen , o f the 6th Ju dicial D is tr ic t, was on the bench - a plank seat, in fron t of the Harrison lo g hut. James Harrison was c ir c u it clerk.

The management of Maramec Iron Works sued L evi L. Snelson fo r d is ta s te fu l acts growing out o f Snelson's s p litt in g o f "shakes" ( shingles ) fo r Maramec roofs.

Snelson won - Massey ani James paid the costs.

A ristides Harrison was up for mis-marking hogs that were not his own. He was adjudged " not g u ilt y ".

But . . . George W. Brown had broken the Sabbath. He was fined 1.00 and costs.

James Newberry, S r., had disturbed a church meeting. They_threw_the_book at_him_-_$£ 0_j00 an^ posts 1 In August, 1835, Court met at the Snelson-Brinker lo g cabin, one mile east o f Maramec Iron orks. Judge W illiam Scott presided. The principal case wQs that o f MARY, the negress sla ve o f John Brinker.

Thinking that her master intended to s e ll her, she v ic io u s ly drowned a f i r s t Brinker child in the house spring, when the parents were away. Not then suspected, she was caught in the act of tryin g to drown a second ch ild .

Her t r i a l extended over two or more years, a ft e r which die was found " g u ilty ", and hung at S t e e lv ille .

Her body was taken to an unknown grave in the woods.

MARAMEC IRON WORKS FOUNDED. 1826.- One o f the great events in Phelps County h istory began on August 12, 1826. The_building. of_maramec_Iron __orks. But fo r th is, there never would have be en any School o f Mines in : helps County - possibly no Frispo_RaiIrjoad_, as now .

I t happened thus: During days o f the American Revolution, a man whom we designate as TOOMAS^AMLS^ 1st,, owned iron and lead mines in the Harper's Ferry area, on the Maryland-Virginia-Pennsylvania border. He made ammunition fo r the American army. His son, Thomas James, 2nd, in 1797 l e f t Maryland fo r Ohio, and in 1798, with John McCoy as partner, set up a business in C h illicoth e - th<= town whicn Gen. Nathaniel Massie founded in 1796 , for the S ta te 's cap ital c it y .

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Presen tly r . Janes was manufacturing s a lt - and importing Ohio's f i r s t processed iron from the East.

In 1^02, cooperating with Gen. Nathaniel Massie, Mr. James loaded a boat with flo u r ' era in sa lt pork, and other merchandise, then took the boat down S cioto R iveM to the Ohio, from the confluence o f which the boat went down the Ohio and M ississipp i to NewOrleans for sale and disposal, ^ These close associations with Gen. Massie resulted in the marriage ol ^oru-.s James, 2nd, and Charlotte Massie, the General’ s s is te r . ihese uassie s were no re la tio n to Samuel Massey, la te r of Hararec iron <orks.^ Both Thomas James and his brother-in-law , Gen. Nathaniel Massie, were keenly in terested in iron mining and manufacture. Gen. nassie had his own pr mine and furnace on Paint Creek, in Ross County, Ohio - where Thomas was soon operating his "Ra^id Forge".

Mr. Jane s presen tly founded his »Iron_Store" in C h illicoth e, and operated several b la st furnaces in Adams County, a l l o f toich produce a pig iron, -larn e Furnace lust to the southwest of C h illicoth e, was his p rin cip a l furnace.

Ihe pig iron from these furnaces was p a rtly used for casting of household ware such as^stoves, pots and k e ttle s . The rem inder w s hauled up to^Rapia Forge where i t was converted in to wrought iron bars, sheet, and old-fashioned 'cut" nai.LS. Sometime about 1820 - the year in vhich Daniel Boone and Moses Austin died in Missouri - and Gasconade County and the State of Missouri were organized one HENRY MASSIE was superintendent of Thomas James'^ Rapid Forge ^ In 1822, nenry moved to St. Louis, opened a commission merchant ousiness, then fo r a number ox years ( a fte r 1826 ) clerked or "commissioned" fo r Mar are c Iron Yorks.

In 1825 one Samuel Massey - mo r e la tiv e of Thomas James or Gen. Nathaniel Massie - w a s ’ superintendent o f the James’ "Marble Furnace" in Adams County,Ohio.

I t was at this juncture - so i t is said - that the Shawnee Indians ( who tod camped a yearor so at Hararec Spring ) divulged to_someone the existence ol tne iron deposit at Maramec.

The legend has long been that the Sbawnees, v is it in g the Ohio furnace are i, showed Thoms James samples of the Maramec " red iron" ore.^ I t seems far more probable that they f i r s t showed th is iron to Henry .iassie, the St. j^ouis cornrus aion merchant, former employee of Thomas James a t rt>apid Forge. L etters in toe C. V.Mann P ile c le a r ly show that Massie and James were in correspondence at the time.

Massie could very w e ll have v is ite d Maramec to confirm the message, or could then have advised Mr. James as to what he ha d found.

Whatever the way Mr. James learned of the ^aramec^mine, _he now dispatched his Marble Furnace superintendent, Samuel Massey, to Missouri to develope the mine and sta rt iron manufacture. During December of 1325, or ea rly months ox 1826, Massey was led to Maramec Spring and the mine by k ic d ja h ^ o rn s , a pioneer farmer-trapper who liv e d six m iles below Maramec.

The Quality and quantity o f the Ohio iron deposits which Thomas James had thus fa r mined and processed were .nothing, as compared with the ^aramec deposit..

Nor was .the flow of streams which powered the Ohio furnaces anything lik e the gushing floiM o f Maramec Spring.

Sam Massey surveyed a l l this with unadulterated jo y . He took note of the vast areas of hardwood, from whic h needed charcoal could oe maae. ■uic, r~ T J d fp osits of sandstone, lim estone, and cla y with which furnaces could be b u m a r l operated.

His enthusiastic report to Thomas "arxes resulted in an immediate " two-to-one" partnership, which the two men formed to ouild and otxjr^t “ M ifso o ri Plant - -aramec Iron ,'orks . ,.r. Jaaea, the suoplied the c a p ita l. Mr. Massey, the "one-part" partner, dad the actual building and operating, and supplied the pessonal supervision.

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The creation o f Maramec Iron Works r e a lly began on May 10, 1826, when oamuel Massey, at Marble Furnace, gathered together iron n a ils and rods, gear wheels, kitchenware, blankets and so fo rth , and hauled them to a barge at Manchester, Onio a port on the Ohio r i v e r .

With the barge, Massey and some co ipanio .s f l o ted down the Ohio River to Cincinnati. There he spent several days adding to his equipment - including two barrels of whiskey.

A fter purchasing the good keel boat, 11 L i t t l e Johnny ', he loadeu a l l his property aboard and dropped down the Ohio past the '’t a i l s '1 at L o u is v ille , and t$o the Ohio-M ississippi confluence. Fran there he poled or 'cordelled the ooat upriver to St. Louis. Somehow, with necessary to o ls and supplies, he ue ni> way from there to Maramec. Other St. Louis— 'Maramec trip s were made during I. ..;

by John Stanton and his ox teams.

August 12, 1826, was the day when Massey and his twelve men began work at Maramec. E-leven o f the men worked fo r f i f t y cents a day. The straw boss got a d o lla r . In the gang were two o f the Benton boys, one Washington Carter, anc nine others. At summer’ s end, two of the men were l e f t in camp to guard the several lo g cabins that they had b u ilt - while Massey returned to Ohio fo r the w in ter.

In the e r l y spring o f 1827, Massey and his w ife, with at le a s t t. o children, returned to Maramec ” for keeps, "and started work on the pla.nt. die * ■’ 1 • b la st furnaces to be b u ilt at Maramec was ready for try-ou t on January 25, 1829.

That day - and n i$ it - was an e x c itin g one. A ll because the proper amounts ox iron ore, limestone flu x, charcoal, and quantities of compressed o ir and he t had a l l to_be determined_by; t r i a l .

Boxes o f known cubic content were f i l l e d with various proportions of ore, charcoal, and limestone - then dumped into the furnace. Jhen the melt was ready, the molten iron was drawn o f f, poured in to a mold, ana cooiet:. I t was -hen^ broken. The character o f the break, the appearance - whether ’gray" or .du.u and the force required to break a specimen told the men how good the iron was.

At f i r s t , i t waa 11 not acceptable." Then i t was " f a i r ' - and x in a lly ' GCGL".

So says the w ritten record in the iorks Iron_Book.

There is no room here fo r the many in terestin g d e ta ils concerning die further development and career o f the Works. But a airnmary serves our purpose. From 1829 to 1875 , the Plant produced some 300,000 tons of processed iron.

Samuel Massey remained in partnership with Thomas James up to the yetr 18U7, at which tir e the Jaxie s sons, William and a n vil, together with one James Andrew Jackson Ctapman, leased and took over the plant. Chapman l e f t before william ana Anvil in 1854, re -b u ilt the Furnace much as i t s ruins are seen today. Chapman became promoter and ch ief engineer fo r the Kansas City and Gulf ra ilroa d , which today i s a Frisco main lin e from Kansas C ity to iami, Oklahoma. ssey's reginn, a goodly portion of the b la st furnace product ( cast iron ) was processed in' the " bloom", "G haffery", and "anchony" forges - made huge f l a t bars, round and square rods, steamboat shafting, and so on. . ut raw cast iron was used to fashion countless stoves, k e ttle s , fryxng pans and other household goods. Hundreds of huge k e ttle s , some three fe e t in diameter end 18 inches deep, were made - and used for- naking apple butter, or soap from meat xats and wood ashes.

The foundry a lso produced innumerable cast iron plow shares - used a l l ever Missouri and the West to plow v irg in fie ld s . .'agon wheels rimmed with maramec wrought iron t ir e s r o lle d across the Kansas plains to the s ilv e r and gold fie ld s of Colorado, Nevada, and C a life r n ia » Merchants - including three future Missouri governors ( Marmaduke,Dunklin, Edwards ), plus fa m ilies such as the_Gentr^s, of Columbia, mo . , rented or sold th eir slaves to Massey In exchange for iron.

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Pioneers from fa r and near - from Arkansas and north Missouri - came with horse and wagon, bringing slaves, homespun thread and yarn, "linsey-w oolsey" homw-woven cloth . They brought bacon, whisky, s a lt, tobacco - a l l these in exchange fo r k e ttle s , w a ffle irons, steel rods and bars, plow shares, cast iron stoves, fire p la c e irons, and " sad iron s".

Massey employed the slaves so procured in digging the m illga te canal in constructing the plant, or tending the fie ld s . in 1833 , one John. Campbell - the founder o f S p rin gfield , ..issouri ( a place he called 1 Mulberry Drove" Jwas liv in g at "Kickapoo P r a ir ie " . he begged Massey to give him a load of iron, plowshare s, and STOVES - on c re d it es p e c ia lly , he wanted the STOVES - asked Massey to take them from fam ily- ho, ii"s~ a.f necessary. HaJ ^ 'f_THmM i In the years that were to fo llo w , thousands of tons o f bar iron went ^from Maramec to S p rin gfield , oy wagon. Campbell la id o f f the heart of S p rin gfield . You can today drive down Campbell S treet i ^ JAMES - AMD CULTURE - CAME TO OUR AREA IN 1847.- A f i l e of le t t e r s w ritten by J illia m James and his wife ( n e e Lucy Dun, s is te r of Robert 0. Dun, lounder of Dun and Bradstreet ), in possession of present w riters, reveal that by the w inter of 1847 , william was g re a tly d is s a tis fie d with Samuel Massey* s management of the Iron Vorks.

For such reason, and urged so to do by William, his fa th er, Thomas James, purchased Massey's 1/3 in te re s t in the Works, and made Villiam the manager. noth •iilliam and his w ife were high q u a lity people, having received the best education, m orally and otherwise, availab le to the children of C h illico th e, Ohio.

From uhe day he book over the msnagprrBnt, J illia m James and his wife inculcated a culture, a desire fcr education among the workmen and fa m ilies cf the Plant.

During 1848, carpenters George and E llis Evans were brought in to build the huge^plant boarding house, the flo u rin g m ill structure, and three residences, yhe boarding house axjd the flo u rin g m ill are new gone, but the mansion which Mr. and Mrs. James occupied is s t i l l there ( , 1973 j.

School, both fo r th e ir own children, and for those o f the c mp, was set up in the ^attic of the Boarding House. Many wer the merry Jhristmas and other community p a rties held there - square dances, fid d lin g contests, ban uets planned and given by Mr. and Mrs. James fo r th e ir re la ,ives, and fo r Iron ;orks f atnilie s .

Phoebe Apperson, who in 1861 married villiam Randolph Hearst, was a one-time teacher at ±aaramec. So also Miss Martha iiyer, daughter of Samuel Hyer, a master iron worker who came to Maramec in 1835 . .MRaIvIL'C 'EiMES ^ND .."AMES .- Far more space than here availab le ould be re quire o to t e l l the re s t of the story of Maramec Iron orks .

Along w ith St. Louis, the place l i t e r a l l y became a "Mother of the 'w est"...

But iron from Maramec became a drug on the market during the 1850* s - when-better eastern processes brought about p roh iu itive competition.

Maramec workmen were compelled to accept " Maramec Scrip" as money, closing of the plant was the a lte rn a tiv e . Maramec iron went increasi ,gly :o the e st to Uincinnati, Portsmouth, Pittsbu rg - in the form of cast iron pigs or wrought iron Dlooms.

However, hundreds of fa m ilie s came to Maramec, from Ohio, Kentucky and e ls e ­ where - seekingemployment. They worked at the plant fo r a time, then scattered to farms throughout Phelps and adjoining counties.

During O iv il Jar days, J a p . James B. Eads took a l l Maramec iron he could obtain fo r coating Union gunboats with iron sheathing - ships he was making at his shipyard at Carondolet ( S t.L o u is). The Maramec iron had " p l i a b i l i t y " which other irons lacked. The boats so sheathed, such as the "ESSEX", opened the M ississipp i r iv e r below St. Louis.

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■were A fter the war, the Maramec mine and the iron market waned, Frantic e fio r ts . made by Mr. James to obtain cash with which to continue cperations. Many small iron p its over Phelps and adjoinin g areas were opened. A second plant and furnace were b u ilt alongside the Frisco railroa d , two miles below Newburg. ib is the " Ozark Furnace" proved to be nothing but an a d d ition a l burden, so that the^ en tire enterprise crashed during the 1875-77 period. illia m James was bankrupt.

Maramec closed down, never again to operate. For some years, the g r is t m ill continued to run - but by 1$18 the whole place was a fa lle n ruin. The m ill was blown up to prevent in ju ry to persons v is it in g i t . jbUT . . . had there never been a Maramec mine or furnace, there never would have been’ a "Missouri School of Mines" at Holla, in Phelps County. Presence o f an active mining and m etallu rgica l plant in the County was the fa c to r which ( 1870 ) enaoled Phelps County to enter bid fo r the location at H olla, ureat, also, was the impact of Maramec on the lo ca tio n and building ot the So. L o u iiSan Francisco Railroad that serves Rolla and cresses Phelps County.

SULTURL MLSBWHBHii. THAN AT MARAMEC.- Maramec was POT the o ily center o f culture in those pioneer days, «e have already chara cterizea the 1.:.rri.->oi.Duncan-Hawlcins-Coppedge-Lenox group as being in t e llig e n t and educated for th eir tllil© S m

During the 1820's, on the word of Benjamin Berry Harrison ( f i r s t white ch ild to be born in Phelps County ), there was a lo g hut s :hool near Mie H. rrison home at A rlington. The flo o r , the desk tops and seats were made o f ’'puncheons ' the halves o f logs, s p lit and hewn f l a t , placed with f l a t side up.^ iindows were merely the openings in the lo g w alls, where short lengths o: logs had^been ^ left out. Window "gla ss" w«s f iguring £aper, Hade translucent with a coating . e, v greaSFor a l l of* th is , instruction MUST have been e ffe c tiv e - in reading, w ritin g, s p e llin g and arithm etic - fo r the boys who l e f t those classrooms were everywhere in demand fo r serving in c le r ic a l and o ffic e position s. John :;ra z il Harrison, in particu lar, had a spectacular career in that f i e l d . B esideshxs work as county and state o f f i c i a l , his was the hand that recorded the minutes o:. the "annual meetings" o f the P rim itive Baptist Church.

Miss Martha Hyer, superb specimen of womanhood, was hired both by the Bradfords, o f R e lfe , and by John Duncan, S r., to tutor their younger children.

Such schools were called "subscription schools", because the parents co llected subscrioticns to pay teacher and expenses.

Old-time sp ellin g bees were in fashion. At R elfe, the .rtiaforas anu Coppedges united and jo in t ly b u ilt Springdale Academy - one of those l o . ; ^ x types of schools designed to bring youth something of a higher ed u c tio n ^ a was not otherwise a v a ila b le .

For i t s fa cu lty , Messrs. Bradford and .oppedge hired two eastern professors - Prof. E. S. otoddard, from 11 in oio, lime on P h illip s , from Vermont. A fte r leavin g R elfe ( about ld63 ), * taught in a sim ilar academy in R o lla . .

• Like many another pioneer fam ily of our area, the oru^ ard ,, owned slaves." Always, the slaves were kindly treated. In the home, -hey helpec with the housework and the fam ily sewing. Outside, they tended the stoe a ana planted the fie ld s . And when the C iv il War ended, they were lib e ra In a very few areas, traces o f the slave cabins can s t i l l be ?een, surroun ing the plantation mansion. One of the Bradford slaves - Louis Bradfora s tiH liv e d when ( 1920 ) present w riters came to R olla. He was .jartny, <- - • S p e e d e d " ^His daughter, Mrs Bess. Rolen, u n til her la te demise, liv e d in the house her fa th er b u ilt, at 207 Park stree t, ito lla .

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The f i r s t negro church in R olla, forerunner of Elkins Chapel, was started on it s way oy Arch Harrison - one o f the James Harrison ex-sla ves.

SCHOOLS IN TH-. DILLON ARIL,. I t s E a r lis ^ t_ A ffa ir s .- I t would be wrong to suppose that Maramec and R e lfe were the exclusive centers of culture and education in our area during the 1830-1850 period.

Records of Crawfcrd County reveal that the D illon-Safe area was organized fo r school purposes in or about 1838, - the approximate date when the D illon and Wishon fa m ilies came to that area. On i n it ia t iv e o f threemen - Col, Benjamin Wishon , John D illo n , and William Eton Hawkins ( the patriarch of Spanish Needles P ra irie ), this area was incorporated by Crawford County Court into a school q^0 ic t * J Out*of i t , eventually, came many young men and women who became teachers a l l over Phelps County. Ths Wishons, always keen for education and puDlic s rvice, sent severa l sons to the Rol4a School of Mines. Graduating, they went to C aliforn ia, ^here they were leaders in developing gold mining, and e le c t r ic and gas power enterprises* -e~ - ---CdflNG OF THE RAILROAD. 1855-1860.- As ea rly as 1839, Missouri began plan­ ning of a ra ilroa d system. St. Louis was the i n i t i a l point. Roads were en­ visioned running thence to Jefferson C ity and Eansas C ity - north, out of Missouri to Des Moines, Iowa - southwest to Iron Mountain where St. Louisians b elieved that unexhaustible supplies o f nron ore ex isted . Potosi and the lead mining region were included* Samuel Massey, o f Maramec Iren Sorks, sat w ith others in M issouri’ s f i r o t railroa d convention in St* Louis, in 1839- He advocated the idea of a ra ilro a d connecting St* Louis with Maramec# I t took the sustained e ffo r t s , research, exploration, and thinking o f M issou ri's Senator Thomas Hart Menton and that of his son-in-law, Capt. John 0.

Fremont, to spearhead the events of the next few years .

On three western trip s , Fremont scouted Rocky Mountain passes, s o u ^ t t r a i l s along which railroa d s could be b u ilt . Even before^C alifornia was wrested irom Mexieo, Fremont dreamed of a ra ilro a d crossing Mexican domains, reaching * r I„ _ St. Louis and along she 35th p a r a lle l of la titu d e , across New * exico to C aliforn ia then a Mexican possession. This was fa r-fetch ed planning, indeed .

But uxlay, th is route is the Santa te ,r a c ific 1 line# In the year 1845, in Colorado, at old Fort Bent, Fremont divided his^party in two. With the la rger section, Fremont h im s e lf crossed the Rockies ro ^ l i forn ia, where he had an a ctive part in capturing C a lifo rn ia , fo r a time, h- as that area's f i r s t m ilita ry governor. .

The smaller section at Fort Bent, he placed in charge of young L w u t; J|®® W. Abert who in 1871 came to R olla as professor of engineering at is s o u n of i M s !

Abert was directed to explore a ra ilro a d route Fremont haa d « a ^ d of extending from headwaters of the Canadian riv e r, xn today s new ...exico, a l l .

s r L d M i i i v M to • ? F _ risc0 . m1 one. ±uuu.1 ^ U y whafc ^------n w fche r a ilr o a d - and St Louis. Thatbwas the f i r s t survey of what is now the rn s c o r d x r o a the f i r s t ra ilro a d survey of any kind west o f the M ississipp i r l ^fcr* .

When the Abert party passed R o lla 's future p a u s e d to vis i t wi t o our John Webber and w ife - who, as related in our IROLOGUb - h^d come here

^ o o u r i,

thenca Dy ,

ye° r Acquisition^uAth of the "Oregon Country" and of C a liforn ia, New Mexico,

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Utah and Arizona made i t imperative to build a ra ilro a d from east to Fremont's explorations had placed the en terp rise in the lim e lig h t. While Fremont was s t i l l in C a lifo rn ia , clinching conquest o f that area, St. Louis ca llsd a great tw elve-state ra ilro a d convention. Delegated there in it ia t e d the f i r s t d e fin ite ra ilro a d en terp rise west o f the M ississip p i r iv e r .

They ca lled i t the " P a c ific R ailroad ".

Led by the powerful, resou rcefu l, able Missouri le g is la t o r , Thomas Allen, lo c a l St. Louis fin a n c iers quickly gath red subscriptions and funds with which to sta rt construction. F ir s t d ir t was spaded by Mayor 1 innett, o f ;.^ouis, on July 4, 1851. A year la te r , the road was completed to the town we now c a ll " P a c ific " - then ca lled "Franklin ".

And on that date, no ra ilro a d was clo ser to S t. Louis than the c it y of M arietta, O hio!

Local funds were not enough. To build i t s ra ilro a d system, the o f f i c i a l State of Missouri "waded in " . Fantastic grants o f land ,/ere made to the State by the Federal Government. These lands, in turn, were given to the P a c ific Railroad. In addition, State bonds were issued u n til, w ithin a decade, the State had an enormous public debt - some 30 m illio n s - fabulous fo r those tine s I The main " P a c ific " route reached Hermann by 1855 - in time fo r a t e r r ib le wreck as the Gasconade r iv e r bridge crumpled under the locom otive, dumping the tra in into the flooded r iv e r - k illin g or in ju rin g some 80 persons. Among the dead was Thomas O 'Sullivan, the roa d 's Chief Engineer.

The road reached Jefferson C ity in I 856, and Sedalia in I860. There i t rested during the C iv il fa r. A rriv a l in Kansas City was delayed u n til I 865 .

The r a ils as then la id were 9 inches fa rth er apart than today's standard width o f 4 f t . 8g inches.

The li n e 's p ro je ctio n west from Kansas City seemed blocked because private s e tt le r s bought up the land across which righ t-o f-w a y would have to be procurer.

Government grants o f land to the road were thus reduced, but . . . there ,nS another way west - and that was by way o f Mararaec Iron /orks nd the "to-be-born" Phelps County. I t was the route L ieu t. Abert had explored in j.845• This route was adopted. The Government COULD make ample land grants to the State - and the State could pass the grants on to the prospective ra ilro a d . I t was thus that the parent " P a c ific " road organized i t s 11 SOUTHWEST BRm.lK". I t would take o f f from the already constructed main lin e at 'P a c ific " ( then ca lled " Franklin" ), and head fo r San Fr aneisco along the 35th p a r a lle l.

By June, 1855, plans were ready, the route through issou ri w.s st'>ked out, the construction contract was awarded to the A.S. Diven Company. This concern would extend the road from P a c ific to the Gasconade r iv e r , within the "Phelps County" that was to b e.

The J. Stever Company, a subcontracting firm , was sent ahead to clear rig h t-f-w a y and to grade roadway fo r the la s t section of this part o f the road the portion ly in g between Leasburg, on the east, through Rolla in the center, and to the Gasconade on the west. Hie Stever o u tfit included Jacob Stever, K. .

Harding, James le a ( fo r whom Leasburg was named ), -lajor William n r i l l , and Edmund f. Bishop ( founder of R o lla ).

The Stever Company arrived in the R o lla area a fter mid-summer o f 1355* Where R olla now is , there was nothing but oak fo r e s t and th ick et - except that the Webber Family and th e ir lo g cabin had been here since 1844. Presently the Company had b u ilt a two-story o ffic e bu ilding, having a structure 1 framework of oak logs cut lo c a lly . The framework was covered with sawed boards, placed lengthwise, v e r t ic a lly . In terms of R olla*s modern p la t, i t stood on the block bounded by 7th and 8th, Park and State s tr e e ts . From 1915, i t was known as the Baysinger mansion - o r ig in a lly as the "Bishop Mansion . I t was demolished during 19__.

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The SOUTHWEST BRANCH'S f i r s t tra in reached S t. James on July 4, I860, where A l l i s G. Avans - once Maramec Iron Works carpenter - and 1 t e r State Senator from the R olla area - presented the conductor with an American fla g , pieced together by the women cf S t. James.

The f i r s t lo c a l tra in pulled in to R o lla on December 22, I860. Regular passenger se rvice between R o lla and S t. Louis started on December 31, I860. The outbreak o f the C iv il War, in A p ril, 1861, prevented fu rth er extension o f the road during C i v i l War days. T h ereafter, i t would be extend d - f i r s t to Jerome - then to S p rin g fie ld and M is so u ri's west lin e a t Seneca, in 1870.

CLOSE OF AN ERA. BIRTH OF PHELPS COUNTY .- And now we have come to the close o f a long era - a l l th a t happened in our area before Phelps County was carved out o f the three older counties - Crawford, Pulaski, and M aries. As can be seen, a la rg e part of our Phelps County h is to ry occurred w hile the area belonged to some other county.

JTaclfijc Railroad_bm ds o f 1.857 were slow to s e l l .

A mild fin a n c ia l panic was on. The "Southwest Branch" was out o f ready cash fo r paying sub-contractors lik e the J. S tever Company. I t occurred to one Edmund ,7. Bishop, 37-ye&r old ra ilr o a d e r and partner in the J. Stever concern, that "NOW" was a good time to g et out o f ra ilro a d con tractin g.

A b e tte r deal, fo r him, would be to hand over whatever contract assets he had to tine other four partners - in exchange fo r such lands as they owned in sid e present lim its o f Rolla - plus th e ir tw o-story o f f i c e bu ildin g and i t s contents dishes, fu rn itu re, and so on.

His partners agreed. Bishop then shrewdly nought a d d itio n a l lands close in, and dreamed o f a th r iv in g c it y that could one day mature. The new County o f Phelps was on the way - promoted, probably, at le a s t in part, by high ra ilro a d o f f i c i a l s lik e Thomas A llen , president of the P a c ific ra ilro a d - who could w e ll appreciate the issue o f bonds from a new county as a g i f t to the ra ilr o a d - such as the older counties along the route had already given .

Bishop would., and DID, donate f i f t y acres of his newly acquired land to the County f o r a county-seat town. He would then be wealthy enough - i f this happened. He o ffe re d the f i f t y acres - the County Court accepted - and the future Town of R o lla was about to be born.

THE FIRST COUNTY COURT MEETS. 1857.- As stated b efo re, Phelps County was created by a ct o f M issou ri's Legislatu re dated November 13, 1857. The act named a commission o f three men to choose a county seat. These men - Cyrus C o lley ( o f Pulaski County) ..Gideon R. West ( Maries County ) .. and George °amison ( Crawford County ) met at t ie John Webber home in December, 1857, and made th e ir choice.

I t would be the area occupied by the John Webber home, or the Railroad O ffic e o f E.W. Bishop and the J. Stever Company.

The founding act required the f i r s t County Court ( business agency ) to meet at the John D illo n hone, s ix m iles east of today's R o lla . The Court consisted o f W illiam C. York ( liv e d ju s t est o f liewburg, a t York's S ta tio n ) ...H iram Lane ( home near today's Vichy A irp o rt, on that 6 x 9 miie s tr ip la t e r given up by Phelps County to Maries County ) ...and John Matlock ( liv e d iun Dry Pork area, s e v e ra l m iles southeast cf R o lla ). York was chosen as Presidin g Judge - the dther two were Associate Judge s*

CVM—BHM-Nov . 12,1973 Chapter 1

20 -

These men f i r s t met a t the John D illo n House on November 25, 1857 - the f i n a l BIRTH DATE o f Phelps County. For County Clerk, they appointed one L yle S in gleton - alread y a veteran o ffic e -h o ld e r for Crawfcrd County - and a brother o f Mrs. Benjamin Wishon. S in g le tin was bonded by Col. Widhon, John A. D illo n , P erry E. Hawkins, and George H. Coppedge, the nan who la te r joined Bishop and Webber in naming R o lla . Francis Marion Wishon was appointed as S h e r iff - his brother Franklin Wishon as County Treasurer.

Me_now_had_an officialJPHSLPS COIJNTY 1 FIRS'" STORM BREAKS 0 ■. COURT.- When the County Seat Locating Commission ( at le a s t two o f i t s members, C o lley and Jamison - but NOT W s t, who refused to attend) reported i t s choice o f a s it e was the area where Rolla today e x is ts - a loud p ro te s t was voiced 1 Seme 600 c itiz e n s , m ostly from the east side of the County, signed a p e tit io n of p ro tes t, c it in g the choice by only TWO o f the commission.

The matter went to the C irc u it Court, then to the Supreme Court. But before the Supreme Court made a d ecision , the L eg isla tu re i t s e l f ( January 14, I860) took action , confirm ing the lo c a tio n at R o lla .

Smarting under repercussions o f th is outcome, a l l members of the County Court resigned during A p r il, 1858, but la t e r withdrew th e ir resign a tion s. York went to the S tate L e g is la tu re , so did not r e jo in the Court. But Lane and Matlock r e -jo in e d - Lane as Presidin g Judge.

The "new" Court was e le c te d in November, 1858. I t consi ted o f Lewis F. Wright, p residin g judge . . . Thomas R. Freeman, a sso cia te judge from the "East" side . . . John G. Hutcheson, associate judge from the "West" sid e.

They took o f f ic e in January of 1859.

TRB NaLiING OF ROLLA.- The "Town o f R o lla " did not e x is t as of November 13, 1857, when the County was created. Only the John Webber home and the J. Stever Company o f f ic e were th ere. The founding a ct o f the county, however, s p e c ifie d that the county seat should be "on the r a ilr o a d ", near the County* s center.

For a month or two, e a r ly in 1858, the Court continued to m e t at the D illo n home. By February 8, 1858, i t had met at the "P a c ific Railroad O ffic e " , a twostory lo g bu ildin g alongside the Frisco r a ilr o a d tracks, on the l o t today occupied by the Herrman Lumber Co. ( Block 57, County A d d itio n ), between 7th and 8th s tr e e ts .

On A p r il 26, 1859, the second County Gout t ordered that a l l subsequent court meetings should be a t this "P a c ific O ffic e " - and u n til a temporary court house could be b u ilt on the southeast corner of 3rd and Park s tr e e ts .

E a rly court business included the lo c a tio n and opening of roads from the county seat to various places - toward S t. Louis, toward S p rin g fie ld , toward J efferso n C ity and H a r tv ille - and, - toward Lake Spring and Salem.

I t is in the fo reg o in g road order, dated J u l y _, 1858, that we fin d the f i r s t use o f the name " R O L L A" - in Court records. However, the name_was_ use_d_earlie_r in a deed of ra ilro a d land to the ounty, dated May 11^ 185,8^ As_Tte_StLory_Gces. - a search was on for a su itab le town name. In a group, somewhere, three men t a ile d the m atter over.

John /ebber wanted the place named " Hardscrabble" - his e ffo r t s to ra is e crops on his farm seems to have suggested th at. . . . . -Gmund V/. Bishop, town founder, wanted i t named Phel£s_C£nter" because, on his map, the town was close to the county's c e n te r ... But George H. Coppedge, a Kentuckian whose ancestors had liv e d in North Carolina, wanted the place named "R aleig h1 .1 Having southern brogue, the way Coppedge said "Raleigh" is lik e we of today say "ROLLA". Bishop and Aebber agreed to the "ROLLA11 - but NOT to "R a leig h ". .. IT WASSO SETTLED. AMD ROLLA NON HAD A NAME 1

CVM-BHM-Nov. 12, 1973.

Chapter 1.

- 21 -

OF T02..', OF HOLLA. - As we haw said, on A p r il 26, 1859 the second County Court consisted of_Lewis F. /right ( p ie s , judge ), JohnV. Hutcheson an in obias R* i?re6fiiSLri, s,ssocia.to judgs s * ,T. 'Elskt liv e d on L i t t l e Piney Creek, e ig h t m iles south and fiv e west o f H olla. ..fxth his four sons, he was destined to be lin ed up beside a road and shot to neath by Union 'm ilit ia men" some s ix years la t e r lAxtche_spn^ liv e d sane fiv e m iles north of R o lla , in the south Macedonia area.

I fg-gm a - destined in two years to lead the most formidable of a l l Confederate g u e r illa bands in Couth M issouri - lived, ju s t _ outside the southeast corner of Phelps County. “ ^Cn the date ju st named above, th is Court ordered W illiam C. York, former presidin g judge, out now commissioned as agent to have the Town of H olla p la tte d and surveyed - ordered him to cause -cr. Bishop’ s 50-acre "donated" tra c t to be so p la tte d and surveyed - s tre e ts , blocks and lo ts la id out. ^This work was done by A. E. Buchanan, a young surveyor serving the r a ilr o a d , lie uuchanan p la t was brought to Court on May 31* 1B59j and was approved. ,rffi_COUi1TY SSATJW^_iJO;V_A_HEALIfI^ AND HAD A NAME AND A SUEV3YM) PL.iT. ---------- ---------* MAY JLo. 18£9 .

The temporary framed Court House - one-story, flo o r dimensions 20 x 30 fe e t was now completed and in use, a t southeast corner of 3rd and Park s tr e e ts . £r£ s®.ni± bri ck Court House_ was begun in mid-summer of I860; was b u ilt by contractors Malcolm and Lynch, under supervision of E.W. Bishop; and was b u ilt o f ^the_ve ry fir^sIC "mud—sand 1 b ric k ever made in R o lla . War broke before the bu ildin g was e n t ir e ly complete, and Union lo rce s , fo r a w hile, used i t fo r storage o f horse fe e d . Then i t was converted in to a Union h o s p ita l.

ROLLa 13 IN CORPORA TuD. - On January 25, 1861, the ta te L egislatu re enacted and Governor Claiborne Jackson signed in to law a SPECIAL CHARTER fo r H olla. In the act, Daniel R. Parsons was named as Mayor. The Council consisted of seven members E.,i. Bishop . . John Webber .. Andrew Malcolm .. Henyy Andrae .. F. H artje , . John Dunivin .. end E.G. Evans.

This f i r s t Rolla. Council had its f i r s t meeting on February 9, 1861, in the old "T iffa n y House" - second house west from Main s tre e t on south side of 4th.

This o l d house was demolished severa l years ago.

OURJBACK<mOUND STORY IS_N0WJ30MPLETED. - And we turn to the events o f the C i v i l War, that engulfed the in fa n t Town of R o lla , But f i r s t , we in s e rt a chapter on the O rigin s an Development of Education in our area - Chapter 2.

00000 OOOOO

CVM' Copy Nov.13,1973.

- 22 P O P

OF

0 UI T

CL AI M

From J. Stever, L.Q.Harding, Jas. Lee To E. W. Bishop 30 May, 1359 TOftW_ALT,j.mN_BT THESE PRESETS . . . That We - Jacob S tever & M. Stever, h is w ife .. E.Q.Harding & C ordelia, h is w ife . . . James Lea and Frances Lea, his w ife , ( a l l ) o f the County of Phelps in the State o f M issouri .. For and in consideration o f the sum o f FOUR THOUSAND DOLLARS to us in hand paid by E. V. Bishop, o f the County and S tate a foresa id - the re c e ip t whereof is hereby acknowledged ..

DO BY THESE PRESENTS remise, release and fo re ve r qu it claim unto the said E. W. Bishop and to his h eirs and assigns, the fo llo w in g described land, or parcel o f land, s itu a te in the County and State a foresaid , to -w it: The west 1/2 o f N .E .it r . of Sec. 11, T.37 (N.J, R.8 . . . Together with a l l the improvements thereon, including the WHITE HOUSE, with a l l the household Sc kitchen fu rn itu re belonging to the firm of Jacob Stever Sc Co. . . . . Also a l l buildings ( and ) shanties - sheds, n a ils , bords, plank &c on said land belong­ ing to the firm cf Jacob S tever & Co. - e ith e r in the mansion ( ? ) , or house, or out o f doors on said land.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, we have hereto subscribed our names 1 a ffix e d our seals th is 30th day o f May, A.D. 1859.

JACOB STIVER ( SEAL) ______________ ( SEAL) E.Q.HARDING (SEAL) Cordelia Harding (SEAL) JAMBS LEA (SEAL) Frances E. Lea (SEAL).

State o f M issouri ) gc County o f Phelps ) Be i t remembered that on th is t h i r t y - f i r s t day of May, Ano Domoni 1859, p erson a lly came James Lea, Jacob Stever, and E• .» Harding,—known to the undersigned Judge o f the C irc u it Court o f the 14th J u d icia l C irc u it o f M issouri to be the persons whose names are subscribed to the fo regoin g deed as p a rtie s th ereto th is day appeared b efore me and acknowledged that they execute and d e liv e r the same as th e ir voluntary act and deed fo r the uses and purposes th erein contained.

And Cordelia Harding, w ife of E.Q.Harding, being made acquainted w ith the contents o f said deed, acknowledged on an examination apart from her husband that she executed the sane and relinquished her dower in the r e a l estate th erein men­ tioned, f r e e ly and without compulsion or influ ence o f her said husband.

Given under my hand th is the day and date above w ritte n .

(Signed) P. H. EDWARDS, C irc u it Judge.

State of Missouri ) County of Phelps )®s Before me, H.S. Clark, a Notary Pu blic w ithin and fo r saxd county, came Frances E. Lea, who is p erson a lly known to me to be the same person whose name_ is subscribed to the foregoin g deed as a party therein - and, being made^acquaint­ ed w ith the contents of said deed, acknowledged in an examination apart from her said husband, executed the same fo r the uses and purposes Lherein mentioned, f r e e l y and without compulsion or undue influence o f her said husband.

Witness my hand and O f f i c i a l Seal th is 9th day o f Aug., (Signedj K*3* CLARK, i\iot&ry pu blic.

(SEEL: H. .Clark, ) Notary Public STATE OF MISSOURI — County o f Phelps, ss. ( County ) I do c e r t i f y that the w ith in instrument of w ritin g was xxled withme, and recorded in Book a , page 152 on the 23rd day of September, 1859. m testimony whereoa I have set h ereto my hand and seal o f the C irc u it Court. Done mn i-helps county one date la s t a fo res a id . ( Signed) LYLE SlnGLETOn, Recorder.

- 23 CONTRACT BETYGEN THE J. STGV.:-?- CO, P.MIY AND EDMUND ¥. BISHOP Max 21a. 13^9.

THIS iiGREEMBET w itn esseth : That, where as Jacob Stever .. W illiam H. M orell . .

James Lea . . . Edmund W. Bishop . . . and S. G. Harding were j o i n t l y in teres te d in a contract,under the name and s ty le o f "J . STEVER and COMPANY,” w ith A.S. Diven and Company - fcr b u ild in g a portion o f the Southwest Branch o f the P a c ific R a il Road; And whereas the said Stever, Lee, and Harding have purchased the in te r e s t o f said Bishop in and to said contract - and a lso Bishop’ s in te r e s t in and to the west h a lf o f the Northeast quarter o f Section Eleven, Township Thirty-Seven o f Range E ight, fo r the sum o f F i f t y F ive Hundred D o lla rs ; And whereas the said Bishop has agreed to take back or keep the land above described, fo r which he is to allow the said Hardin, Stever and Lee the sum o f Four Thousand D olla rs - and the residue ( to -w it, F ifte e n Hundred D o lla rs ) is to be paid to said Bishop - who agrees, on his part, th rele a s e, tra n s fer, and assign over h is in te re s t in said Contract - which includes a l l horses, mules, waggons, to o ls , e t c . ; And whereas, as the said teve r, Lee and Hardin hereby agree to indemnify said Bishop against a l l debts o f the firm o f J. Stever Co. . . I t is fu rth er agreed that the sum o f E ight Hundred D olla rs is to be placed in the hands o f F. M. Lenox, to indemnify said Bishop against any in te r e s t or claim o f W. H. o r r i l l to the tra c t o f land auove described. And the said te v e r, Hardin Lee are to have u n til the f i r s t day o f September, 1859, to procure the release o f said M o r r ill to said land. between And i f a deed o f In te r e s t and q u it claim is presented/t’n is (present date) Sc the f i r s t o f September, the said Lenox is to refund the money. Otherwise to hold the same subject to the order of said Bishop i t is fu rth er agreed that FIFTY DOLLARS i s to be paid said Bishop out o f the sum due from Hamilton Lenox to the J. Stever Company when the amount ( about two Hundred and F i f t y D o lla rs ) is c o lle c te d by said Lenox.

Furthermore, i t is agreed that whatever amount o f money the cash account and store books show to be ju s t ly due Bishop, over and above what he has (a lre a d y ) received , is to be paid him. Said Bishop is to render a ju st and true account, and the balance to be paid by the party against whom i t is S ca rried ( Charged?).

I t is fu rth er stip u la ted and agreed that fu ll,p o s s e s s io n o f the above described premises is to be given to said Bishop on or before the f i r s t day o f August next ( 1859).

THE COMIRACITOG PARflES lEHSTp have hereunto set th eir names th is 31st day ( o f ) May, 1859.

Signed in d u p lica te: Jacob Stever E. .4. Harding Lames Lea E. W. Bishop.

------

0000 -------

0N_3EPARATE SLIP*. This: Rec’ d, Oct. 5, 1859, o f E. W. Bishop, 'Twenty-Five D o lla rs in f u l l on fi n a l settlem ent o f a l l demands o f whatever nature or kind up t,o th is date.

Signed: J. STEVER & CO. % James Lea.

GVM-BHM-Nov.14,19 73 Chapter 1 24 Disso lu tio n of firm of jacoe s t iv e r & co, 1 .- N0TI£E_-_DI3S0LUTI0N_0F CO-PARTNERSHIP. - E. \i. Bishop, having sold h is in te r e s t in the^f^rm o f J. STEVER3 & CO., to the remaining partners o f the firm , they assum/e°all l i a b i l i t i e s o f said firra, n otice is hereby given that said E.W. Bishop is no longer a partner in the business o f said J. S tever & Co. The name o f the firm remains unchanged.

Signed) . . . LEU.Bishop Jacob Stever James Lea E.W. Harding.

R o lla , Phelps County, Mo., ay 31, 1859. •* o i l w 3t-d3 t* ( Above as prin ted in a S t. Louis newspaper. Copy included in papers belonging to E.W. Bishop, l e f t in custody o f his daughter, J u lia ( Mrs. Joe Poole ), and by her given to Dr. and Mrs. C .7.Mann

2 . - ii. MOTS FOR 41.000 ., te x t as fo llo w s : S t. Louis, October 16, 1853. Three days a fter date, /L promise to pay t o the order o f OURSELVES . . . ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS . . . Without d e fa lc a tio n or discount, fo r value rec eive d . N egotiab le and payable at the BANK OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. No. 19/22 0ct./5S (Signed) J. SILVER & CO. ( NOTE: The o r ig in a l o f this note was given to Dr. and Mrs. C.V.Mann by Ju lia ( Mrs Joe P o o le ), daughter of E.W. Bishop. This o r ig in a l is f i l e d w ith the C lair V. ann C o lle c tio n , as paper Ehi~140. )

Chapter 1

_ ....

- 25 -

ho. C“.A, Acts He* XouaftUm Phelps Cmmty Sent, at Bella * Borrowing money to build Court fouae, ( Of.Me. Session Acta* 2Qth Adj Sees.

Convened J*>ff City Mean,, 28th Her., 1869) title d * Session Acts I 860. p.SQ2.

Pp. 502 A 603.

(jpotet AM ACf In regard to its® County Seat o f Phelps County.

1. location of county seat legalised.

2. Counter seat declared to he perra^aroemy located.

3. Action of Circuit and Stealer Ooart la reference to said county seat legalised.

WK&R1A8, Some doubt exists as to the legality o f the a ction o f R.M. Jamison ( note

by O.Y.Maxmt ©sis should he George M. Jamison in fa c t). «nd C^mt Collar* t i» o f the Ooaolssioaers tatod o to locate the ccunty seat of Phelps sit© called Holla, at or near the o f John Wilber ( Mot® by 0? Maim. Shis properly is John Webber ) , in sold county; therefore

m p

Sec. 1. IShe action o f H.M. (Georgs M.) Jraison and Cyrus CJolley, in locating the county seat of Phelps county, is hereby declared to be legal sad valid.

Sec. 2. She county seat o f said cematy of Phelps is hereby declared to be per­ manently located at or near the TC«ldf»ee of John Wilber ( correction* Webber), In said oounty* h&d lying on t3i© Stmth-Westemi .irsmcii o f the Pacific Railroad* at the site called Bella* See. 3. 3he action o f the County Court o f Phelps oounty, md also the action o f the Circuit Court, o f said county, in receiving and approving the report tof said Jraison and Colley, Somail®siaaesB as aforesaid, is hereby declared legal and valid.

m

fhis act -to talcs effect and be in force fro© and after it s passage. .Approved Jamasy 14, 1860. »300 OO—

p,503.

^Court AM a 02 to ctittioriSG the County/of Phelps County to borrow aonby.

1. County Court tethorised to borrow ^ r t a ia counly funds t© build court house.

2. Bonds of the county to be executed for said loan.

M J 3 k spagSNL

Sec. X, Hi® Coun%* Couirt o f Phelps county is hereby authorised to borrow of the road and canal, and also of the distrlbutuon funds o f said county o f Phelps, a sum o f money, not to exceed the sum of five thousand dollars, to aid in the building o f a court house and j a i l in said county.

Sec. 3. She said amount m barrette s h a ll bo secured by the bonds of the county, payable in two years from the date o f said bonds, and the interest on said bonds not to exceed ton per cent per annum.

This set to be la force from it s passage.

Approved January 14, I860.

Copied Mov. 3, 1951, C lair ?, Ifcan, Bella, Mo. Prom does. Acts I860, Me, Gan Assembly.

~ S c h o o ls a n d E d u c a tio n ~ :

18 0 0 -19 2 0

By Dr. and Mrs. C la ir V. Mann R o lla , Missouri COPYRIGHT, 1974

By C la ir V. Mann and Bonita H. Mann Tenants By The E n tir e ty A l l Rights Reserved.

No portion o f th is Story may be reproduced

By Any Process Whatever Without W ritten Permission Of Copyright H olders.

v

;

- i SCHOOLS & EDUCATION IN HOLLA CVM Apr 24, 1969.

FOREWORD: Holla*s schools and educational f a c i l i t i e s constitu te one of the four or f i v e major fa cets o f the town's h is to ry . Because many fa cts concerning the origin s cf these f a c i l i t i e s have not h eretofore been c o lle c te d so as to be g en era lly a v a ila b le , our story o f these fa c io iti.e s w i l l include, in abridged form, the // e-waLuation o f the system from some of the e a r lie s t schools cf Southeast Missouri,

MOSES AUSTIN'S POTOSI ACADEMY . . HIS IDEAS OF EDUCATION AND OF A SCHOOL OF MIMES. We can begin th is story with the a c t iv it ie s of Moses Austin, form erly cf Pennsyl­ vania, then o f V irg in ia , f i n a l l y o f Potosi (Washington County) and''Herculaneum ( ( Jefferson County), Missouri. . . . In the yearal797, Austin v is ite d the lead mine a ' Breton, a t future site cf P otosi -bought the mine aid a square league cf land from the Spanish government, and in 17?9 moved his fam ily, with a l l personal b elon gin g and m ining-m etallurgical equipment to that area. There he developed both his lead mines, and perfected furnaces and f a c i l i t i e s for b etter mining and reducing the lead ores. Presen tly, he b u ilt f a c i l i t i e s for producing sheet lead and shot at Herculaneum — besides producing large qu an tities c f raw p ig le a d .

The crude equipmm t and’ methods used by the untrained lead miners in the area caused Austin to envision a "School o f Mines! in this quarter11, wherein the miners could learn how b e tter to mine and ex tra ct the metal from the ores. But he also envisioned - and presen tly established - an "ACADEMY" ( the Potosi Academy) wherein the children o f the miners could get, as nearly as possib le, a lib e ra l, o education, as w e ll as train in g in the business cf mining. This Academy was bath *3 pertinent, p ra c tic a l, and deemed ne os ssary - as by the year 1804, when the United c o States form ally took possession cf "Louisiana T e rrito r y ", Potosi had 14 American and 12 French fa m ilie s . ( 1799 - 1820 ) •a ; During his 21„ years in this area,/Austin became a foremost promulgator, cdnot only o f mining and metallurgy, and cf banking, but a vigorous advocate o f p ra c tic a l education, creating and operating the Potosi Academy, he was concemed^with tSe"”S'ducation of his own ch ildren. in 1804, his son Stephen. ( then only 11 years o f age ) was sent east, - to Bacon Academy, at Colchester, ^Connecticut. Austin/gsasafeg#* far t h is son, 1 good moral character tra in in g . . correct* mode cf thinking, both r e lig io u s and p o l i t i c a l . . the cla ssics, with Hebrew and <D Greek minimized or omitted . . tra in in g in lan d-w ritin g and composition . . and (5: in stru ction such as would f i t the boy for*-a business career.'”

A fter three years at this Academy, Stephen graduated — and f e l t he needed tra in in g in law. He th erefore en rolled as student in Transylvania U niversity, at Lexington, Kentucky — p referrin g that to Y ale. He graduated in 1310, having a t age 18 measurably attained q u a litie s his fa th er had desired. He had^developed an ease o f mnner and socia l grace - flu en t and vigorous lit e r a r y style - a lib e r a l mind — unimpeachable in t e g r it y - correct moral p rin cip les - along with sons appre­ c ia tio n c f music and dancing.' These q u a litie s were t o serve Stephen w e ll - as the "Father cf Texas".

- ./• __ Two other children had to be educated - Emily and James. Both Moses and his wife]t®^SSS£M^Ehe two children to a fin is h in g school at York, Connecticut, where the ch ildren spent a year or more studying "reading, w ritin g , sp ellin g , arithm etic, grammar, h isto ry , geography" . . i n short, the "common" or "English" branches of in s tru etio n . Mrs Austin remained at York with the children u n til, in 1812, the fa m ily 's finances became so depleted th a t the program had to be terminated*.

Mcees A ustin’ s ideas c f a "School o f Mines In This Quarter" blossomed in to r e a l i t y when, in 1870, the Missouri School c f Mines & M etallurgy wa3 located at R o lls .

And thus did Austin’ s ideas cf technical education flow from Potosi to oecome tfap basic fa c tc r in the growth and fame of the town of R o lla .

3

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* 2 ' T+ THE GREAT CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE MURPHY & EVANS T?AMTT.TE.qThe State o f M issou ri - and p a r t ic u la r ly the Phelps County-Rolla area - owe a great debt to the Rev. and Mrs. W illia m Murphy - and th e ir grandchildren o f the Evans fa m ily .

In 1797 - the sane year as Moses A u s tin 's f i r s t v i s i t to Missouri. - the Rev. Murph3r» Planning to b rin g an emigrant p a rty from Tennessee to M issouri vxsxted the area in which the town o f Farmington is now lo c a te d ( S t.F ran cois * County, M o .). A ft e r in s p e c tio n o f the area, he decided that "th is was the p la ce " fo r his emigrant p? o je c t .

But, on retu rn in g to his home to prepare f o r the move, he d ie d . There­ upon, Mrs. Murphy ( nee Sarah Barton, s is t e r o f U.S. Senator David ^arton, one o f M is s o u ri's f i r s t two se n a to rs ), assumed lea d ersh ip fo r the p r o je c t - and in June o f 1802 le d a group o f her B ap tist neighbors to the Farmington a rea - th ere­ a f t e r to be known as "The Murphy S ettlem en t". The p a rty loaded possessions on boat dropped down th e Holston r iv e r to the Ohio, flo a t e d down that to the M is s is s ip p i, and somehow managed t o get upstream to a convenient landing opposite Farmington.* A noteworthy item is th a t,'(o ver the o b je c t io n ,o f his fa th e r, a Mr. Evans vho had m arried Mrs. Murphy's daughter) GrandmotherUtopia with her the bov W illia m Evans 3rd, whose own mother had d ied , aid whose s t ep-mother took with her^ The”’”' ' §r ooy was d estin sd t o touch o f f a stream o f education that e v e n tu a lly would reach R o lla , and c re a te the M issou ri School o f M im s ,— as we ex p la in l a t e r .

Coming from the h ig h ly cultured, educated, and esteemed fa m ily o f Barton, M rs. Murphy h e r s e lf was both cu ltured, w e ll educated, and h ig h ly esteemed. Church and sch ool were foremost in her plans and th in k in g . She, frcm the f i r s t , was esta b lis h ed as the forem ost community lea d er in these areas - not n e g le c tin g the p r a c t ic a l business c£ r a is in g crops and stock, and producing th e°every-day n e c e s s it ie s of l i f e .

Sire ta u # it the v e ry f i r s t Sunday School cla s s e v e r assembled thf M ^ s is s ip p i r i v e r . Thus did die g iv e her v e ry b e s t, in education, diligence and ch aracter, both to her grandson, W illiam Evans 3 id , but as w e ll to her com­ munity. ^ land| to ' ^ ich she obtained t i t l e from the Spanish g o v r a n t , the in fa n t town, o f farm ing ton soon budded - w ith s to re , church, and school house.

As the boy, W illiam Evans 3rd, matured, he became the community sch ool teacher servin g as such up to the je a r 1835. Meantime, he and Miss Mahala Georg} a daugntrer o f Thomas George and w ife Sarah E l l i s — were m arried, and be case parents o f EIGHT ch ild ren ; Georgs S . . James W. . . E l l i s G. . . Sarah M. ...W aiter E. ••E liza b e th M. . . William. C. « . and Jane T. . . . E l l i s was born on the B ig R iv e r rarm on J u ly 10, 1324. Georgs and E l l i s both had remarkable careers as carpenters, as w e ll as in othe r f i e l d s . James be cams a pioneer school tea ch er, having con­ ducted su b scrip tion schools in the old hometown Elmswocd school - and those at Iro n d a le, C ou rtois Creek, and Castor, in Madison county. ...Jam es la t e r went to F ort Smith, Arkansas, where he continued to teach sch ool.

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relate

Pioneer Phelpsj&ounfejjr Set_tlersJATho_Game from_the_Mur£hy Settlement.Before rela tin g in further d e ta il the a c tiv itie s of E llis Evans - himself -one of those ed u cation al-political leaders who came to Rolls ifcBSGjst and Phelps County from the Murphy Settlement - we hould record that these others also came: F irst, the two brothers, Richard Park Bland (S ilver Tongue! Orator of the OzarlcsT,” and Clelland C. Bland. Richard was destined, in 1896 , to compete^ w ith William Jennings Bryan for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States. He married Miss Virginia Elizabeth M itchell, daughter o f Gen. E.Y.M itchell, a Confederate veteran, a la te r resident of Rolla, Mayor o f R oll a, postmaster, and member of the Board of Curators of the University of Missouri.

Hiss M itchell was teaching at Caledonia when the two met. . . Richard was to liv e fo r sat® two years in Rolla with his brother, Clelland. This brother was in 1851 to ,attend t he Arcadia Academy, which E llis G. Evans helped to build, as we la te r l .IffltWlHia t . r He afterward taught school in the P ilo t Enob-Caledonia v ic in ity , and came to Rolla in 1367. There he was elected two terms (6 years) to the Beard, af_—Education; was Mayor cf Rolla ©SB term* ( 1869 to 1871 ) ; was elected, 1880, as Judge of Phelps Co. Circtat Court; Resigned that in 1 896. to be Appellate Judge, Eastern Mo. D istrict, which position he held u n til 19 He was also a curator o f the Univers ity c£ Mis souri., ”, ■ — was that, of McFarland® Its pioneer se ttlers moved into the Bradford-Dunean-Goppedge settlement in the Relib area, southwest Phelps County.

A scion, Jesse McFarland, was to marry Anna Arthur, a daughter of John Arthur, c f Maramec Iron Works, who married-Elizabeth Hyer, daughter o f Samuel Hyer and s is te r I of kkSDSSskscx Doctor John Hyer, the noted physician who, besides serving a wide ' circle of patients, ^ v e the land and spearheaded the building and operation cf v the Lake Spring Academy,, which we presently describe. John Arthur was a p a r tic i— l a j pant in that enterprise, t A. Sidney McFarland, son of Jesse ard Anna McFarland, nephew olL JL)r. John Hyer, obtained medical education and, from the 1920's in Rolla, b u ilt up medical practice and founded and operated the McFarland ^ospital.

S t i l l a Third Family - the Vances — mi,grated from the Murphy Settlement to the Bradfcrd-Duncan-Coppedge area of southwest Phelps County. The marriage cf Isaac Neely Bradford to Miss Frances Mary Vance tied together the Murphy and Haifa settlements by marriage. Miss Vance was Neely Bradford's second w ife - his f i r s t ( Miss Martha Duncan) having died. ...H ere, in the South Spring Creek Valley of ' Phelps County, there wasnpresently to be created and operated (1859) the SPRINGDALE ACADEMY - envisioned, planned and b u ilt by Neely Bradford and his neighbop-relativ e , Lindsey Coppedgs - as we presently re la te .

In such manner were schools and education disseminated — or "feinforoed** — by that emigrant group that settled at the Murphy Settlement.

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Tbe_ Acti]d^ie_s_Qf E llijs G._Evans.~ We have already stated that William.

Evans, 3rd - grandson of Mrs Wm» Murphy - married Miss Mahala Georgs in 1813, and that they became parents o f e i^ i t ch ildren — Georgs S . . . Janes W. . . E l l i s G .. .

Sarah M. . . Walter E. .. E lizabeth M. . . William. C. . . and Jane T......... We have stated that James be came a pioneer teacher in subscription schools of the Farm­ ington area, and f i n a l l y went to and taught school in the Fort Smith area o f Arkansas.. George S. and E l l i s G. had notable careers \ as carpenters, as we p resen tly r e la te .

A l l e i ^ i t o f these children received the b e n e fit cf the culture and edu­ cation possessed and bestowed by Grandmother Murphy and their fh th er, W illiam Evans, 3rd. Besides being steeped in church doctrin es and elements o f education, they were nature lo v e r s . They grew up, keenly aware of a l l that was going on about* them. The doing 3 of Nature - the bird s, w ild ^.me, fo re s t and domestic trees and fr u it s , the weather. They kept personal d ia r ie s . They follow ed with keen in te r ­ e s t both lo c a l, State, and National p o lit ic s and campaigns. And so, in these ways, and in Father’ s home and old l o g :cabin schools, they procured a sound - i f limited*feducat±on in the "common, school branches"', B ib le h istory, aid church d o ctrin es..

E l l i s G . Evans, in p a rtic u la r, le ft , fo r our information a detailed. i personal diary, covering the years from 1333 to 1863. This d ia r y r e c ite s the t i t l e s o f hundreds o f books which E l l i s read, mainly a fte r graduating from the lo c a l ( Elmswood) school in 1843* Here be had been taught by an old veteran Irishman named Hamilton — who had demanded i n t e l l ectu a l growth as w e ll as s t r i c t d is c ipl i ne. . . . By age 12. i E l l i s had re ad [[183^71 a3 many as 3300 pagp s from such books as the New Testament ..L ife cf John. Nelson . . English Header .* P a rley ’ s Tales c f South America . . Great B rita in , Irela n d , Asia, Rome, I t a l y ; Robinson Crusoe . .L^fe cf George Washington . . Olney's Geographypp L isted la t e r were these: Smith’ s "War o f 1812" ..Grimshaw’ s "Rome" ... Voyages &. Shipwrecks . . H istory o f Indian Wars . . Advice t o Young Tradesmen . . Tales cf A fr ic a . . Runyan*s Holy War ...

Sketches cf Western Adventure . . Study cf the Bible . . Missouri Gazceteer Germs o f Thought . . Christian Philosophy. ....T h e re were other very impressive l i s t s . . . . E llis managed to make of him self a re then thoroughly, p r a c t ic a lly educated man . . f i t t e d fc r the important ro le he was to p la y in Missouri p o lit ic s and education, by 1843 Having/flnished a l l the formal s c h o o liig he ever had E l l i s now faced L ife with the necessity cf earning a J iv in g . He chose to a lte r the car­ penter trade. A fter working a year cf so at earpentering in the hose area, he went to S t. Louis, bent can learning the refinements o f the tra d e. I t was thus th at be h ired out as an apprentice t o one L.B . B aler, a master carpenter and contractor c f St. Lou is. He tr u ly learned the trade. But he d id something, else*. . . . Mrs Baker was ah ardent METHODIST — and though the Murphy-Evans fa m ily 1 0 \J-J ; were B ap tists - he accompanied Mrs Baker fre q u en tly t o the old FOURTH STREET - .r :* METHODIST "CHURCH. He soon became a member - and a METHODIST. I t was -while he was thus engaged that the S t. Louis Methodists took a vote on whether at n ot the SOUTH should s p l i t from the NORTH wing of the Methodist church. E llis voted “ NO But he was so disgusted with the rulings and unfair t a c tic s o f the presiding m in ister th a t he withdrew membership, and th erea fter vigorou sly promulgated the "NORTH* church a c t iv it ie s - beginning at Farmington.

A fte r le a v in g the Bakers in S t. Louis, EJJls carpentered at the P ilo t Knob furnace the summer of 1847. He was a lso employed in bu ildin g the ARCADIA ACADEMY, promulgated by Judge Berryman. Only E@gf years la te r , C.C.Bland was to be a student here - as we have already re la te d .

The Bro t he re _Ge or ge_ and E llis . Evans/Spend T?o Years At_J%ramec_Iron Works.One cf the most in te re s tin g periods cf his l i f e were the two jesrs E l l i s and h is brother Georgs spent at Maramec Iron Works, in southeast Phelps County. Here they had the contract to build the Flour M ill - the b ig Boarding House - the Superintendent's House - and Two Smaller Residences. This tcok place because

- 5 from t>y, t i t l e and management o f the Works had teen taken o v e r I h o m a s James S3tt his sons W illiam and A n vil, joined by J.A .J. Chapman. I f these' men we re to l i v e at the Works, and employ the men necessary to operate as they planned, then these buildings ted to be erected.

Besides u t iliz in g his s k ills as a carpenter, this engagemait provided S U is with a number o f things. F ir s t, he made fo r him self a wide c ir c le o f ac­ quaintances and frien d s in the surrounding area - an essen tial in his la t e r p o l i t i ­ c a l campaigns. Then, being w e ll up on-current p o lit ic s and other subjects, he was in demand as a le c tu r e r . He le d o f f in church a ffa ir s , promoted North Metho­ d is t doctrin es, brought in preachers from both North and the South Methodist tiras— cheafsand through one of them, the Rev. Wm. P. Gibson, helped organize a formal "Maramec Iro n Works Methodist S o c iety ", which p resen tly ( 1359) was joined to the R olla community as the "Maramec Methodist C irc u it", the immediate predecessor o f the R o lla Methodist church. So - North Methodism f i n a l l y reached Rolla - la r g e ly due to the a c t iv it ie s cf E llis G.. Evans.

In the Maramec V illa g e -- ihich in 1849-50 had some 300 inhabitants E l l i s not only promulgated North Methodism -» he encouraged common school educa­ tio n , was acquainted with the teachers, and him self organized and le d a Sunday School, held in the V illa g e School House...This bu ilding, the customary lo g house v a r ie ty , was located for present w riters by Mrs. R u telia Edgar ( nee R u telia Hous­ to n ), daughter cf Horace B. Houston and w ife Louisa Howard.. The Houston fam ily, from about 1352 to 1865, liv e d a t the old 3 f inker House, about l j m iles east o f the Iron Works. The spot Mrs. Edg^.r pointed out was at the lcwer end of Adier Hollow, on i t s ea 3 t side, some 530 fe et south o f today's State Route 8 , and near tod ay's entrance in to Maramec Spring Park. . . . . I n describing the bu ildin g, Mrs. Edgar said that the bu ildin g had window s l i t s on both sides, where h orizon tal openings measuring son® 2 by 8 fe e t were made by leavin g out two or three logs at such plaoes. Along the w alls beneath the windows were "desks" or "sh elves" made o f s p lit lo g s , curved side dew n, s p lit and smoothed side up. On th is "desk" pupils could do their w ritin g and copy work. S im ilar s p lit logs (puncheons) were used for seats — s p lit and smoothed side up, low er curved side down - round saplings plugged in fo r supports or " le g s " . W ritten work laseff on sla tes could be done ■mils s it t in g on these seats. Pens were fashioned from goose— or turkeyq u ills ( hence the name " q u i l l " ) . Ink was made from the ju ice of pokeberry or eld erb e rry .

Mrs. Edgar said that, because hi^i water o f t ® made i t impossible to cross Maramec r iv e r , there were, fo r a time at le a s t, TWO schools at Maramec — one on the EA3T side near the Brinker-Houston home — the other on the WEST side, as we have described. The EAST side bu ildin g was erected by her fa th e r and fa th e r 's brother ( Unde James Houston). James was the East Side teacher fo r a time. A l a t e r teacher was Miss Missouri Vaughn, who became Rutelia *s s is te r-in -la w .

We are . unable t o g ive a complete l i s t o f the WEST SIDS teachers. The f i r s t , or at lea st one of the e a r lie s t , was Miss Martha Hyer. She, with her fa th e r 's fa m ily ( Samuel Hyer and ch ild ren ) had grown up at Lancaster, Pennsylvania. The fa m ily came to Missouri aid worked at Maramec Iron Works in and a fte r 1835#. then took up a farm bordering the Lake Spring settlem ent, in Dent County, adjoinin g the south lin e of Phelps county. Thus, being cf another cf those h ig h ly cultured and educated fa m ilie s , i t was f i t t i n g that Martha Hyer should teach the V illa g e School.

She l a t e r taught the children o f the Bradfords, Coppedges, Vances and Duncans at R elfe — ard the children of John Duncan on the Gasconade below A rlin gton and Jerome* She f i n a l l y married John B ra z il Harrison, sometime about 1851, and so became the "FIRST LADY" o f the town of Lebanon, Mo. Teachers mentioned in "Gocdspeed", or by E l l i s Evans, include W.S. Ragan, the second Phelps County School Commissioner (1858059), Lyle Singleton having teen the f i r s t Commissi or® r , (21357/-.53). A Miss Henderson served in 1849, but died

- 6 o f cholera on August 2, 1849* Capt.

Krewson commenced a Maramec school as Miss Henderson's successor, in tyay, 1949, and remained^at le a s t, as la te as June, 1350, when he was "making %p a school".

Mrs. Edap.r had much to say of her close rela tio n s w ith the children cf Mr. and Mrs* W illiam James - both o f -whom were h igh ly cultured and educated, having obtained e x c e lle n t church and school education in th eir native home town o f C h illic o th e , Ohio. During the years ju st b efore, and during, the f i r s t h a lf o f tbs C iv il ’War, Mr. and Mrs. James person ally hired the teachers viho conducted a school on the second f lo o r of the b ig Boarding House o f the Iron Works.

Besides the three James children - Tom, L u lie and Jennie - R u telia Hous­ ton and some f o r t y or f i f t y other children attended. Two teachers named by R u telia were Mr. and Mrs. F e lte r . Teachers who follow ed include Phoebe Apperson ( la t e r Mrs Georgs H earst), who taught the f a l l of 1861; Two others who taught from September cf 1861 up to Sept, o f 1862 were Miss Minnie Scanlon, o f Cincinnati, who taught_the_t^ree_children music and French - and John, Grant, who taught the ■ ordinary common or "English", tranche s.

Ell i s G. Evans Builds S t e e ly !lie Seminary. - Having, w ith brother George, fin id ie d work on the Maramec Iron Works flo u r m ill and residences, E l l i s took a horseback t r ip to Fort Smith, Arkansas, to v i s i t brother James. Returning, he took a contract fcr bu ildin g a Presbyterian-supported Academy ( or Seminary) at S t e e l v i l l e . His p rice was $588.00. This committed him to residence in S t e e l v i l l e , fo r a time a t le a s t, so along w ith his new p ro je ct he decided to marry. Miss Emily Treece, of an Iron Works fam ily, this became Mrs E l l i s G. Evans. ..The Academy fin ish ed , E l l i s also b u ilt a new Court House, and a Masonic Lodgp bu ilding.

This S t e e lv ille Academy was one c f the v e r y f i r s t in the R olla area - and remained open many years afterward as a h igh ly desirable educational in s tit u t io n . We can now drop the a c t iv it ie s o f Mr. Evans for a time, u n til we recount the story cf M issouri School cf M ires.

NOTE: Add to the teacher l i s t at Maramec, these: Miss Kate Franklin was the teacher fcr tie term, Sept, to S ep t., 1854-55. A Miss Clevenger had the p o s itio n for dne summer cf 1863. . . . The v i t a l personal in te r e s t cf Mr. and Mrs James lessened when, in October, 1862, son Tom went to St.C atherin e 1s School, in Canada, and from 1863 to 1865 attended F t. Washington School, in New York. . .

In November, 1863, daughters Lu lie and Jennie went to Mr. Bonham's School, in S t.L ou is, where Lu lie graduated, 1866. Jennie, a fte r 1868, want to Mrs McCauley's School, in New York, fo r another year. .. ..F o r 1869—70, the Rev. L .A . Dunlap served both as Maramec teacher and as "camp preacher1’ .

Some Beginnings of Common School D is tr ic ts . 1847.— ( Go to next page)

- 7Some Beginnings of Common School D istricts, 1847. - As background for this item, we may mention that Missouri's Legislature of 1839, on February of that year, passed the act creating the University of Missouri. That same year i t was located at Columbia, in Boone County. I t was in 1870 that a separate part of i t - the Missouri School of M^ne s - was located at R olla .

In the years 1825, 1833, and 1837, the Legislature passed acts designed to establish a state-wide system of public schools. These acts established a State Board of Education; provided far beards of three trustees for setting up and operating common schools in a l l counties of the State, with power to choose teachers, select books and other necessary equipment. Subjects required to be tau^it included reading, w riting, arithm etic, geography, English grammar, and other branches which funds available ju s t ifie d . Theology was excepted. The inhabitants of a county could, by a two-thirds vote, tax themselves three and one-third cents on each $100 d o lla r valuation.

In 1839, fiber broader Missouri School Syssteh was f in a lly enacted by the Legis­ la tu re. Special funds were provided by designating each Section 16 cf the Public Land Survey for school purposes. A State Superintendent of Schools was a part of this plan. . . . E specially o f interest here was the provision that each county could*bare a COUNTY COMMISSIONER OF COMMON SCHOOLS, whose duty i t wa3 to examine prospective teachers, grant teacher certificates,app ortion county school funds, v i s i t the schools, and c a ll special meetings* of voters when necessary. I t was under these several plans that common school d is tr ic ts began to organize in the Rolla area, as ea rly as the year 1847, i f not before. We have the follow ing proceedings o f the Crawford County Court, nhich relate to two townships in the northeast corner o f PbeIps County, as o r ig in a lly la id out’tin the la te r year, 1857: ( From Minutes of Crawford County Court, February Term, 1847) . . . . " On motion, by p etition o f the inhabitants o f Colonial Township No. 39 North, Bangs No, 7 West, i t is ordered by the Court that said Township be organized for school ourooses, and that David Martin, Henly R. ndgar, and John McKinsey be appointed Inspectors, arri that the inhabitants of said Township meet at the dwelling Mduse o f William Eton Hawkins on the third Saturday cf March, next (1347) fo r the purpose of electin g ONE COMMISSIONER and THREE INSPECTOR cf Common Schools in said Township. And i t is further erdered by the Court that0the Clerk copy and c e r t ify the same to the S h eriff to serve, according to law." ( From Book 1, page 493, Cr awford County Court Records, S te e lv ille , Mo.).

A sim ilar act}, the text id en tica l except fo r Township and personnel desig­ nation, was passed by tie Crawford County Court that same day — the act organizing the township next south ..T.38 N., R.7 W. ...T h is is what today is known as the "North D illon D is t r ic t ". The three persons named as origin a l INSPECTORS were A. Jones, Janes Coppedge, and Jonn A. D illon. ....The fir s t o f these two d is tr ic ts , T.39-7, took in a" township la t e r ceded t o Maries county. Today i t i s known as the "SAFE" community. Tie second d is t r ic t took in the estates owned by the Phelps County pioneer, John A. D illon , (-a t vhose home Phelps Country was organised in November, 1857), and these cf Col* Benjamin Wishon, another cf the " f i r s t pioneers" of this 1 section o f Phelps County. . . . So now ,we have discussed the origins of schools in the southeast and the northeast corners of Phelps County. L e t's examine the south and southwest and western areas of the county.

- sThe_ Lake Spring ("L a k eton ") Academy. (1857-61J- In discussing the schools a t Maramec Iro n Works, we stated th at the Hyer Family had removed from Marace c to the Lake Spring area, in northaost area o f Dent County, and th a t Dr. John Hyer was the noted physidian in that community, and that his s is te r E liza b eth had married John Arthur, of the Maramec Iron Works area and had, with fa th er Samuel Hyer, taken up farms around Lake Spring.

Now, on February 25, 1857, tinder the Act o f 1855, the Missouri L eg isla tu re passed an "Act in corp ora tin g " The Union Independent Academy", to be located at Lake Spring, in Dent County. (Goodspeed, 1888, p.612, Dent C o .)...T h e "corporators'* named b y the A ct wer e : (E ld e r) David Lenox ..D r. John Hyer . . John Arthur . . James Watkins ... J.N.Bradford . . L.L.Coppedge . .Col.Benjamin Widion . . and JohcuBrawn.

"E ld e r" David Lenox was named p resid en t. Dr. Hyer donated 10 acres of land plus $ 200 . The land was la id out in lo t s , c o l l e c t i v e l y named "Laketon".

On aa e le v a te d s it e , th is Board new b u ilt a $2500, tw o-sto ry ^ned frame b u ild in g, flo c r dimensions 3& x 54 f e e t . There were two la rg e rooms on the f i r s t fl o o r , a s in g le large room on second. P r o f. H.B. Flanner was the Academy's f i r s t p r in c ip a l. A second teacher team was led by P r o f.

King, and the two Misses Ward one o f whom taught music, the other primary. The Academy at once a ttra c te d ; pu pils from w ide areas over Dent, Phelps,, and Crawford counties — some pu pils coming: from poin ts f i f t e e n m iles d is ta n t. . ; . (. IM52RT PAGE 8 . a HERE A ft e r June, a? 1861, vsfoen Union s o ld ie r s o f the C i v i l War a rriv e d , m ilit a r y a c t i v i t i e s closed the school, ruined the b u ild in g so that the Academy closed fo r good* Dr. Hyer then acquired the records arid what was l e f t o f the property. ....

The Springdale Academy. (1859-1898). at " R e lfs " , rather South Spring Creek ) . — ( By Mrs Lucy Routt Bradford Duncan, in Mo. H ist. Review, O ct., 1924, p.10 1). . . .

Springdale Academy was b u ilt near the former Spring Creek Post O ffic e - to the north o f the old-tim e Pill,man b ric k residence - and near the center of Pu blic Land Survey section 10, T.35 N ., R.10 W. Schools in the area had p revio u sly been m ostly of the "su b scrip tion " v a r ie ty , taught in homes o f the inhabitants by teachers p erson a lly hired and m id by the patrons. Among such teachers, as we have a lread y r e c ite d , was Mias Martha Hyer, fo rm e rly of Maramec Iro n Works and Lake Spring. Other teachers of record ( Good speed 1888 p. 676 ) were Janes S u lliv a n . . Miss Sarah Newport ( la t e r Mrs Sahah3Bai?£ ) . . .

J.L.Matfchews . . M iss’ M ar^.ret Copped^ ( la t e r Mrs John S a lly ), and Miss Sarah S« Norton ( la t e r Mrs. D an iel Newport).

Now, in 1359, Isaac N eely Bradford and Lindsay L . Coppedge, o f R e lfe , pooled resources and b u ilt the Springdale Academy b u ild in g . , Floor dimensions were 36x54 f e e t . I t was a wood frame, two s to ry structu re, w ith im pressive p i l l a r s and c o lo n ia l porta.coy For the s it e , Bradford and Coppedge each donated one h a lf o f an acre o f land.

They furnished a l l m a teria l, paid a l l carpenter b i l l s . I t cost them some $800 in a l l .

This in s t it u t io n served not only, as an "academy** - but a lso provided educa­ tio n in the "common branches" fo r students of ages s ix on up. High school courses, ; w ith some of c o lle g e le v e l, were taught when requested. Pupils came from points as fa r d is ta n t as 25 to 100 m ile s . Mrs. Duncan sta ted th at, a ft e r the C i v i l ’/Tar, th is in s tit u t io n and i t s area had the d is tin c tio n o f being named Pijelps County School D is t r ic t No. 1 . Follow ing the War, in s tru c tio n was placed on. the customary graded system, f i r s t to eigh th and^high school l e v e l s . The b u ild in g was used not only f o r school purposes - i t served the community a ls o fo r church m eetings.

The f i r s t Academy fa c u lty was a notable one fo r the Phelps County area.

P r o f. E .S . Stoddard was brought from I l l i n o i s to tead the fa c u lty . P r o f. Simeon. W. P h illip s came from Vermont. During the years 1865—69 he was an£ore mosb teacher in the e a r lie s t R olla schools. He la t e r went to H a r t v ille , Mo. The Academy b u ild in g was destroyed by f i r e on Tuesday, January 4, 1898, thus term inating i t s ca reer.

Lake, Spring Community Has Played Prominent Part in Dent County ’s History Lake Spring is located in the northwestern part of Dent County in Watkins township and on State Highway 72. ’ _ ..'.-LT The first land entered in the vi­ cinity of Take Spring was entered

by Alex Coppedge, Sr., in 1836 and was located on the Dry Fork of the Meramac, as was land entered by, David Lenox and. James D.. .Wat-, kins in 1837i A t the time Dr. John Hyer came from Pennsylvania in 1838 there was a large enough body o f .water at Lake Spring to be .termed a f|Kg||l| lakelet or a Jake fed by springs la-;, cated in the hill..west of the laker. J, There was sufficient .water in the lake to. make fishing .and boatingenjoyable. D r H jjer's - daughter,^ Martha, recalled : having peen^a, large pass-jigap into her boat.on cei^^ . . . . . w h e n .

A ; This.iheauttL i f - h a r d , with Jhe. ■Hrai yffifui' pen: and ink drawing 'of .the old. Academy at Lake Spring is settte^>for..many- y e m » ' J i y ^ g ' - f r i m p f c . & n old faded tiii-type picture%The drawing .was made log cabins and tents while houses

by RuthVPartinBowles;.,daughter; of Mr. and Mrs. John Bowles. were builtr£land:jJeared .and-. .the»j i«;df Lake^Spring. Matty pioneers ,of. Dent County received their planted. -..with corn,tk Food .was :^first. knowledge from this \pld school. . scarce.*. and ’.- this ^ .corn coarsely gioand}::^ fe^tl^5prim ^yie^8ii^^, *0? * 1 8 4 4 there were few schools ^dollars..* " Shortly afterwards'*!?^ ods furnished a substantial amount ‘Ion Dent County, two on. the Merai’terest continued to show by sub-) of tfaeir.-.di(dt'^.'--13ie-<-^nd;y'i!alU'. for pnan and'one at Salem The- build-.scriptions amounting to $2,515 and grinding: .corn which t was close pigs* were: made: of logs -as.- were A t another time $500. . enough fo r -this community to use- :;the benches on which the students v-iA t the February meeting 1858 f was built at .the Meramac Iron jsat. -Unlike our comfortable chairs ,{the%#tockholders resolved to. give W orks-iii 1825 to 1830.' ;|ot^bday^ these were merely split jthe name of Laketon. to the town | Wheat bread was. not used until Jogs -Supported by crude legs., to {then being surveyed. about 184.0, the -w h eat being fa is e ' them' tp the proper height. >S- The Academy was located on I ground in St. Louis. The first {Children .walked many miles over jthe 10 acres donated by a citizen wheat grown here was harvested ;the rough countryside to attend ,of Lake Spring. A committee com­ with a reap hook or cradle, , then these schools. No doubt there, were prised of John Arthur, James W at­ m any private schools — older peo­ trampled to separate the grain kins, James Wilson and John Lenfrom the straw, and finally cleaned ple speak of them in, this com-, <ox selected the SW -1/4 of the pmnity. , j on a linsey sheet. Linsey was-made cSE' 1 / t a f Sec. 3, T 35, Range On M ay 2, 1856 a meeting ofj into clothing and worn as long as (West as a suitable building site it could serve that purpose -then, jthe citizens was called for the pur­ |Lots were surveyed, a large build­ the best parts were .saved ;and pose of-considering the building of in g was erected as well as. several a. Seminary for the education of pieced into sheets. . 7:f/ {smaller ones. • Shoes were also scarce in the their children, to be exclusive of : The'Academy is described as beearly days. The men tanned the .sectarian or political principles. jing of a two-story frame structure leather and m ade.coarse shoes for The minutes of the meeting show ■and having a shingled roof, ceil-jings, of lower floor 12’ high and. the family./ The .better grade qf •that people came from > fa r and tthose of the upper floor, 10* high. shoes were .highly ,tressure<L -the near. Among the names mentioned Detailed minutes mention partitions story goes, so much so-.that often ;are David Lenox; Benjamin. Wish{dividing both floors: into-Library one walked .quite a distance.with pn, L. L, Coppedge, H. B. Planner, room,- ChemicaL Music, and Recita.bare feet .and put his shoes on. only (Stephen Taylor, John- Arthur, James Watkins, James Wilson, X ftion rooms,-.5aj&e walls were finyvhen he neared his <|estinationi . jN.- Bradford, James Orchard, the : jahed with plaster and decorated In those days-horses were used jHyers and others. ,-Witte- '-three --coats-- of white paint f only fo r riding. O x e n were used A s a result of this meeting the ^Apparently, the building was heotas draft .animals, ail .plowing and teaming being .done ' with oxen- A ct to incorporate the Union Inde- \.ed with-wood — a bill for 100 cords ‘ pendent Academy at Lake Spring .p f good seasoned cord wood bad ' drawn. .plows .and carts. Wheat W 33 approved on Feb. 25, 1857.. ,jbeen presented and paid. There was hauled to St. Louis once each ;Stock was issued and sold at $5 ' Were 42 windows with shutters — year in ox carts where the settlers. per share, each share entitling the {the building itself painted white .bought.qrtraded Jfer.flour andkup-j ■holder one vote.

Subscriptions „and* the1 - shutters green. .plies needed 'by -their -families. U s-’ swer® solicited and the first ac­ . Some 75 or 80 students from ually 20 days -were* required to* counting- appears in the minutes purrounding territory attended the •make the round t r i p i j $ j . i ,as follows: ‘The subscription list Academy however fo r only a few W as cast up and the amount found I ;wear«, *. j- ■» -- > . {to be two* thousand and tweqty I ^Hilled p y ,tpe .impetus ,af ,t£e,

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war, the' .corporation lMcarae ii^^ solvent aboufc-i86(j|an«a the 'propj erty w as sold at a sheriff s-saletol Dir- 'Johha>HyM'.4l^Small buildings! were razed;,the Academy remained for-years bemgfvaised fort^urch: services;, ssubscription schools? -and entertainment of , ^ferdriCvi^dsi.

The 'Academy 1down in J 9 0 £ 2 i® ^ ^ v / ' ' j Lake Spring; claims to hayefli® toldest Post Office;to Dent Coimlyl; While no battles Were foughtshfere■.it has- suffered ?the .devastation wrought by thousands .of .soldiers passing through and .encamped, around and on -the xommunity. -the. loss of manpower for almost the. duration c f Use:yvpf, -the /.almost‘ •total loss of livestock and draft5 animals, the1confiscation of food and even .burned h o m e s . , The .community lia^ptyxyed th e. vicissitudes of w ar" and climatic' conditions. It Ims produced fuc*eessful politicians, doctors,- .and' philanthropist; • For; the1 past. 10 years it has furnished Dent .Qoup-. . ty its County Clerk. "V ^ While -much smaller in number; the community has continued to prosper. The industry of milling' is long forgotten, Agriculture is surging forward by .leaps and bounds. It takes great pride in producing .fine herds of beef cattle, Hereford? ; and Black; Angus, ,a: thriving swine industry,' primarily Hampshire? and ; Landrace, . highproducing dairy stock of: Holsteins, Guernseys;- and Jerseys, supported to a large extent by the raisingof such farm crops as grain, hay, and p a stu re sW 'J p tg ^ S This isc -Liake*; Spring^a#sm alt community of traditionally; kind, friendly people? ever striving for the .common good-:of.all.

• *■’.}$&»

giving

E a rly Schooling at the Duncan-Harrison Settlements on Gasconade-Lifctis Piney R ivers, 1816-18$0. - John Duncan and his brother-in -law . James Harrisont together -with th e ir fa m ilie s , are credited with being the very f i r s t white s e ttle r s e v r to l i v e w ithin bounds of present Phelps County. They belonged to the same sturdy V irgin ian stock as produced the two eminent statesmen - Governor Benjamin Harrison o f V irg in ia , and United States President Benjamin Harrison.

These two men in th eir younger days emigrated from V irg in ia to South. Caro­ lin a , where they married and sta rted their fa m ilie s . Best records in d ica te that, from Spartanburg, S.C., at le a s t John Duncan came t o Missouri and th is G&sionade r iv e r area as e a r ly as 1816. I t is certa in , however, that both John Duncan and James Harrison reached th e ir long-time homes on the Gasconade by 1818. The Harrisons chose farm lands at the junction of L it t le P in y and the Gasconade - and th e ir s ite f o r many years was c a lle d " L i t t l e Piney*'. Duncan and fa m ily chose lands fa rth e r down the Gasconade, on i t s west bank, some 6 m iles north of L i t t l e Piney.

On the date o f a r r iv a l, the Harrison fa m ily consisted o f husband James, his w ife Lovisa (nee Duncan^ s is te r of John Duncan), f i v e boys and one g i r l , thus; in order o f age: John B r a z il . . Robert B. . . James Pryor . . Pamela Maria ( the g i r l ) and Andrew Jackson. . . . . S ix pthers, o f whom only one is o f p a rtic u la r in te r e s t here, were born a f t e r 1818. The p a rtic u la r one was Benjamin Berry Harrison, born in 1313, the ve ry f i r s t vtoite ch ild wbap born w ithin present Phelps County bounds.

In the John Duncan fa m ily, there were, in a l l , sixteen . Because th eir b irth d ates are m ostly unknown, we have to "guess 11 that when the fa m ily came to Missouri, in 1818, there were, besides John and his w ife , some s ix of the sixteen ch ildren ... inclu ding Henry 0. ( "Xurg" or "Burg") ..John Burl ( b. 1809) . . Sultana (daughter) *.

P o l l y (daughter ) . . James M. . . and Perry A. -— Henry being, in 1818, some 11 years old, and P erry A. n ot over a year o ld , bom about 1817. These would a l l have b e ® of age m en John Duncan hirad Martha Hyer to teach M s sons . . The younger sons, bom from 1332 to 1340, may have been in hte group Martha taught, - at the home of John Duncan i Both John Dumcan and James Harrison were sensible, aggie s a v e , t h r i f t y men.

Coming, as th ey did, from cultured, w e ll educated E nglish-V irginian stock, th ey had good p ra c tic a l educations fo r th e ir times, w e ll suited t o pioneering e n te rp rises .

[B oth were capable of/, and probably did _ g ive , t h e ir children i n i t i a l schooling in th e ir own homes. Undoubtedly, as the o ld e r'c h ild re n matured, th ey a lso instructed the younger ch ild ren . In his la t e r years, and fo r the younger ones o f his sixteen c h il­ dren, Duncan, as we have said, hired the capable teacher, Martha Hyer.

Both John Duncan and James Harrison played prominent r o le s in the p o lit ic s and; governments o f th e ir area. Both were ele cted to, and served terms in the Missouri L e g is la tu re , Duncan in the L e g is la tu r e 's 9th session,was Crawford County's ve ry fir s t, reors sentabive. He was presidin g judge of Crawford County County uourt — and served on* numbers o f commissions to lo c a te various county seats, and on many court ju r ie s .

Harrison a ls o served in the Missouri. L eg isla tu re, and was Crawford County's f i r s t County C lerk. H arrisen 's boys were a ls o notable public servants. John B r a z il was s h e r iff, county cle rk , and member of the L e g is la tu re . He and brother James Pryor . located and donated lands fe r the M ille r County court house, at Tascumbia. James became the eminent Dr. Jane3 Pryor Harrison, o f th e ir general area. ...R o b e rt 3 . helped i n it ia t e Pulaski County government, was it s County Clerk. . . And B erry B ., that f i r s t ch ild born in Phelps County, was the "fa th e r ” o f the town o f Lebanon,Mo. A l l th is speaks worlds fo r the type cf men and th e ir possession o f character, cu l­ ture, and education. . . . In the la t e r years, B erry 's son, James B. Harrison, started his career as a school teacher. He progressed su ccessively in a career as lawyer, Phelps county prosecuting attorney, probate judge, and State Senator.

G ettin g back to his fa th er, Benjamin Berry Harrison, we learn from a speech he made in 1380 most o f what we know o f the school in the L i t t l e Piney area. He described the b u ild in g, but said nothing o f the teachers or the precise lo c a tio n o f the b u ild in g . I t was cf the customary lo g house construction - with h orizon ta l s l i t s l e f t in the side w a lls for windows - lik e th®se a t Maramec. I t had a lso the s p l i t lo g sh elf-desks under the windows, and the diessed puncheon seats. S lates fo r w r itin g — plus paper fo r w ritin g with the g o o s e -q u ill pens. For "window g la s s ", they

- 10 f i r s t wrote on th e ir "fig u r in g paper" . . then rubbed i t w ith bear_grease, to make i t sem i-transparent. . . . And from -whence did the bear grease come ??

Berry explained that in the fo llo w in g manner. Ons hay, being out of school fo r the time, he and a brother went out to hunt fo r bear. I t was w inter, when the bear were h ib ern atin g. P resen tly, looking in to the entrance to a cave, they d is ­ covered a b e a r ,- asleep or hibernating. One boy went in w ith a candle, to lig h t up the scene so the other boy could do the shooting. The b u lle t found it s mark and w ith a rope, the boys went in , tie d the rope about Mr. B ea r's neck, and dragged, him out. When - to th e ir astonishment - they percieved that they had roped a LIVE bear l . . The one k ille d by the b u lle t was s t i l l in sid e the cave I . . . A second shot gave them two bears to ca rry home — and ex tra c t giease f o r those paper covered windows i As we haw p re vio u sly said, John B. Harrison married Martha Hyer, and w ith her liv e d in Lebanon, where hs a ls o owned and operated a s to re . Two of the Harraaon g i r l s , dau^itars o f John B. and Berry, were en ro lled as b r i l l i a n t students a t M issouri School o f Mines, during the 1870's. ( L iz z ie and E liz a Lou) .

- 11 THE PERIOD OF TRANSITION IN SCHOOL M&] 1857-1864.

lNT

iiii'ID OF A PERIOD OF HlT—AND—MISS SCHOOL MANAGEMENT. - In our s to iy , we have new come to the end of a period ( 1300—185? ) o f i n i t i a l and more or le s s "hit-and-m iss" organ ization and conduct o f schools - p riv a te , subscription, academic - and the h a lf-h ea rted b eginnings o f £ommc>n_schools under the State laws of 1325-37-39 and 1355. vie enter the period w ith in which Phelps County was created, R olla was incorporated, and schools were establish ed in Holla proper.

Org a n iza tio n cf Phelos County. —Elsewhere we have discussed this item, — in the county,—the designation of R o lla as county seat. For present background, the barest r e c ita tio n cf p rin cip a l facts is a l l that is necessary. ...The Missouri L egis­ la tu re , by i t s Act of November 13, 1857, created Phelps County, l a id down i t s bound­ a rie s , provided for a business agency c a lle d the "County Court", and m eed i t s f i r s t members. W illiam C. York was Presiding Judge, Hiram Lane and John Matlock the two a sso cia tes. This group met, as ordered, at the home of John A. D illo n , sons s ix m iles east o f today's town of R olla - and there, on November 25, 1857, held i t s f i r s t business session. Lyle Singleton was named county clerk , Frances M. Wishon the s h e r iff , Franklin Wish on the county treasurer, and L y le S in gleton the county's f i r s t SCHOOL COMMISSIONER. 3’n lla Chosen As County S ea t. - Up to the year 1853, there was no such place as R o lla . In 1855, what is new the Frisco Railroad - then c a lle d the Southwest Branch of the (p aren t) P a c ific Railroad ( jo in in g S t. Louis to Kans s C ity ) was headed fo r San Francisco, across Missouri and along the 35th p a r a lle l o f North, la titu d e to the P a c ific coast. A group o f EESB men - c a llin g themselves the "J . St aver Com­ pany", undertook t o build thatbpart ov th is lin e from Leas burg ( 31 m iles east o f R o lla i to the la t e r town of A rlin gton , on the Gasconade r iv e r ( 13 m iles west c£ nm. u James Lea lo r e ll.

R olla j These four men were : Jacob Sfcever J.Q.Harding . . and Edmund W. Bishop . They began the work in 1355- One o f th e ir f i r s t moves was t o e s ta b lis h th eir p rin c ip a l camp - and th is they made on H o lla 's present s it e , clo se to th eir most d i f f i c u l t task - the opening o f the deep rock cut c a lle d "Coleman Cut". On the block bounded by today's 7th-3th-Main and Park s tr e e ts , they b u ilt t h e ir p rin c ip a l o f f ic e bu ild in g - la te r c a lle d the "Bishop Mansion".

In 18 5 7 ( ), Bishop (traded'his company in te re s ts in exchange fo r th is "Bidmop Mansion", plus lands on -vhich major par ( cf R o lla now stand. I t was now that the ouestion o f , "where to locate the county sseat" cams up. A loca tin g w aim natm e te d. to.meet, , commission ox tRrej^gsgss.at the John Webber home, nea: the Bishop Mansion, and w ith two o f th e m / ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ C y ru s C olley and George J. sison) and one absent ( Gideon R. W est), th ey chose the present R o lla s ite as the county seat lo c a tio n . In January o f 1353 they so reported to the new County Court. B itte r opposition areas in the east side o f tte county - the case was carried to c ir c u it and StafeeSanceraae courts, and f i n a l l y to the Legislatu re cf 1860 - vh ic’n confirmed the R o lla s ite a 3 the county seat. The i n i t i a l survey o f Rolla was completed in 1859 - but the PLAGE was named "ROLLA" a t le a s t as e a r ly as May 11, 1858, in a ra ilro a d deed made out t o the County. ✓ .

F ir s t School_Com^£Si^oners_andJ3i s t r i c t 3 . - As yust\ stated, L yle Singleton was chosen as the county's f i r s t School Commissioner. He served fo r the year 1358. he County Court (Good speed p . 6 35 ) designated and named 28 school In th at year. d is t r ic t s, S'- ng them the fo llo w in g numbers; u t i l i z i n g the Federal Public Land Survey West, Townships 36—38-37-36 (? ) and townships" as a basis : In Rangp "ranip s" and 39 drew dis t: In Range 9’ west, Townships 37-36-35-34-37(?) were numbered 15-16-17-13-19. F in a lly , in Range 10 west, Townships 36—35—34 were numbered 20—21—22. Which doesn 't seem t o t a l l y w ith the t o t a l o f "28" r e c ite d by Good speed. But that xs here o f small vmoctent.

The main idea is that of any 'such numbering system at a l l . Later numbering systems replaced th is one. . . . I n th is system, R o lla 17 D is t r ic t No. 11 ( T . 37—8 ) .

from Salem

~ 3d The Town Of R o lla Is Incorporated. - The " place" now Holla was f i r s t c a lle d hat name, at le a s t in o f f i c i a l records known to us, on May 11, 1853. The v -»4 * tt /ounty ourt, on A p r il 26, 1859, ordered the premises to be surveyed and la id out to lo t s under supervision of Hon. 77m. C. York, the county’ s f i r s t presidin g judge, and now the town’ s sp ec ia l commissioner in charge of l o t sales. Mr. A.E.Buchanan, a deputy surveyor, completed th is survey as of May 31, 1859 . I t took in the most o f the 50 acres which Mr. E 77.Bishop had donated for county seat purposes.

On January 25, 1861, the Missouri, le g is la tu r e o f f i c i a l l y incorporated the "Town o f R o lla ", in a sp ecial State charter. This docturent fix e d the town bounds the same as those of Section 11, T.37 N ., R.8 W. of the Public Land Survey - which made the in fa n t town an even mile square. D aniel H. Parsons was nacred the town’ s f i r s t mayor. I t s f i r s t council consisted of these seven men: Edmund 77. Bishop . .

John Webber . . Andrew Malcolm . . E.G. Morse . . John M. Dunivin . . F. “ a•rt.i< and Henry Andrae.

This Council held i t s f i r s t meeting on February 9, 1861. That same day, dele aa te 3 from a l l over Phelps county met in the R.M. Case "Yellcw House” ( some­ times in la t e r years c a lle d "W ilson's R etreat” ) at southwest corner of 3rd and Main s tr e e ts , across Main street from the Court House. These d e le ^ .te s were assembled to decide whether or not Phelps County should fo llo w South Carolina, and secede 'from the Federal Government - and a lso to e le c t d i s t r i c t delegates fo r an oncoming meeting fo r same purpose, held at Houston, in Texas county. The Houston delegates went up to the 1861 State conventicnat J efferson C ity and S t.L ou is.

This meeting decided that Phelps County should NOT secede - should stay in the Union. But sentiment qu ickly changed a fte r Fort Sumter was fir e d upon, at Charleston, S.C ., on A p r il 14, 1861. On May 7th, with c ir c u it court juxt ending, ) a with aid of 80 horsemen who carnet into R o lla to re p e l the reported German troops coming to destroy Rshlla, the Stars and S trip e s were lowered, and a Confederate f l a g ra is ed on the court house s t a ff. tion troops a rriv ed on June 14th, replaced the U.S. Flag, and took charge o f a f f a ir s , generally. in R o lla . The town was unorokenly in Union hands fo r the oalanoe of the C i v i l War period. Secession-minded residents — the ardent ones p a r tic u la r ly - fle d town, many to engage in bushwhaeking or g u e r illa operations through out southern Missouri .

“7 <4 - 13 For Schools in R olla Is Voiced♦- As earls'- as December 3, 1869, a v is it o r from I l l i n o i s - who signed his le t t e r as "ILLINOIS" - inspected the in fan t town of R olla, ju st then in process of being incorporated. He had some idea o f lo c a tin g and brin gin g his fa m ily here. But in w ritin g to the e d ito r o f the Rolla Express, he sa id : " I see too many grog shops ana gambling jo in ts in this town. Rolla has f i r e p o te n tia l prospects, but no town looks w e ll without schools and churches. I see none o f these here, and there ought to be. People o f education and refinement won't look fo r homes or business opportunities here, unless a considerable change is made." He then urged that some generous land owner in R o lla should come forward and donate a fo rty -a c re tra c t far a church.

Good lo c a tio n s 'would be in Bishop's addition - or in Coleman's, next to the ceep rock cut ( Coleman Cut) at town's west boundary.

In February, 1861, just as the C iv il War storm was breaking on in fa n t R olla, the secessionjsatf-minded Col. Samuel G. W illiam s, then the Phelps County representative in M issouri L e g is la tu re , p u b lic ly stated that there was dire need of " an in s titu ­ tio n of learn in g in Rolla "./He would introduce a b i l l i n \Legis!ature c a llin g fo r the incorporation o f a suitable educational agency, w ith a special State charter provided R olla c itiz e n s would approve. ...T h is was an ex c e lle n t idea - but he.

0 01 soon found i t im possible, as a l l secession ists, lik e him self, had to run for cover w .

■H Editor Charles P. Walker, oi the R olla Express, added On JuxialSS. his comment. The C i v i l War was then in f u l l swing, and R o lla was ousy with troop re c ru itin g and with raid s on bands of g u e r illa s and bush1 //hackers operating in south M issouri. Even though a Catholic church had been b u ilt, w ith corner stone la id June 21, 1862 - and bu ildin g lo t s had been given to the Methodist church ( June 1, 1862-)-, R olla was i\iOT at that time a very "s a in tly " place. Saloons were plenteous, gambling was r i f e , houses o f i l l f a n e y h i s f i r s t comment: " A Sunday School has, at la s t , been organized in R o lla , with a f u l l comolement o f teachers, and a respectable number of scholars. 'Through the l i b e r a l i t y o f s e v e ra l c itiz e n s ( including Mr. and Mrs. A lbert Sydney Long) tthe school has been provided with a lib r a r y of in te re s tin g books...The school is under the more e s p e c ia l supervision of the Methodist chu oh, though by no means confined to that, to r e lig io u s p re d ile c tio n s , are in v ite d denomination. A l l persons, without reg; t o •p a r tic ip a te . Attached, there is a Bible Class fo r adults, so that i t is adapted to the wants of a l l . . . . I t i s a ch eerfu l sig h t to see the jn teres tin g group of children and teachers that assemble each Sabbath morning to study the Word o f God. How much_better jit is fo r boys_and_girls_to be thus engaged,_rat_er than_to be_ running w ild _a n d jd irty_in the .street£ ,_ lea rn in g nothing good_^ but everythingJoad." ^On A p r il 4, 1363, Editor, Walker added the fo llo w in g : in fa c t, from observation here ao home 11 In common convernation abroad In some degree, i t would seem that R olla i s a God-forgotten and dangerous place th is must be acknowledged. A place the has improved ( b u ilt up ) so ra p id ly must in e v ita b ly , have been attended with s ic e . The "necessary e v ils " attending a war ( fo r e v ils are deemed necessary by a m ajority of w a rrio rs ), lik e that in which we are now in volved , seem to overshadow the land w ith im m orality, and la y aside a l l that is good. But, happily, fo r the redemption o f th is d istra cted v illa g e , Christians, th ere are some c itiz e n s here, though g b ea tly in the m inority - who, are "laboring, as i t would seem, for the GOOD - among a crazy, thoughtless people, w e ll nigh tin the v a lle y and shadow of death. Surely a great r e v iv a l must ta le Diace in R olla. soon. R e lig io n , educe .on, and a l l that sends to make human beings industrious, virtuous, and happy i s laid aside by the almost innumerable throng^ o f ungodly people, who clu ster around the dram shops and the card table - to drink deep o f liq u id f i r e that w i ll , a la s, consume them. 0 that a flaming tw-edged sword mi^ht sever the d e v il and his em issaries from a would-be righteous people i" And so . . th ere WAS a crying need fo r expanded schools and education in R o lla — both secular educe.tion and r e lig io u s . Let us new see how these things came.

- 14 ROLLA* S ''SUBSCRIPTION'1 OR "SELECT SCHOOLS11. Years I 860 -1879. - Apart from, and not connected -with R olla*s public school system, there were, at various times from I 860 to 1879 and a ft e r ;ard, a number of sp ecia l subscription schools, otherwise c a lle d "S ele ct Schools". These were conducted by private individu al teachers. Most o f those we mention were fo r g i r l s . We do not have a complete l i s t , but the following w i l l serve as adequate samples: Miss _ . H illo c k *£ Female_School.- ( In Masonic H a ll, 4th & Main S ts .)

N otice o f it s opening was given March 24, 1862. Opening date was A p r il 29, 1862.

The fe e s charged were: Per term, Primary branches $3.00 ..in te r m e d ia te l e v e l $4 . 0 0 . .

Higher English branches, $5-00 The English subjects were complete and thoroughly covered. Extra courses o ffe re d were German, drama, embroidering, at $5.00 per £e±jnr each.

Ho11^. V illa g e S a h o ll. — As of June 1, 1862, th is had been taught by a Mrs. _ ,_*-oer r y . She gave i t up as of June 14,1862 — but the school was continued on and a f t e r June 16,1862, by Mrs. R.T.Lathim.

S ch ool.- This opened, with Miss M.E.Guy as teacher, in Masonic K a li, 4 th and Main, on Sept. 24, 1872. fhe_ C atholic_Parish School.-- This began in July o f 1873, w ith Father Moran as teacher. I t was conducted in a small school room b u ilt next east of the former C atholic Church b u ild in g, 7th and State s tr e e ts . ifoe„Hlia VanDerenjSelect School.-* Opened at le a s t as e a r ly as January, 1370, and continuing at le a s t to the term begun in January, 1872. Miss E ll a VanDeren. was teacher. Classes were in the old Masonic H all, 4th & Main. When, in e a r ly 1372, Rolla Public schools conducted by P ro f, and Mrs. F.S. Wood had to d o s e because funds were exhausted, Miss VanDeren advised R olla parents to send th e ir ch ildren to her school.

The_ F*S,»_Woai_ £>elect_Sdicol. - With d o s in g o f the public schools in e a r ly 1872, because of la c k of funds, P ro f, and Mrs Wood, o f the public school, t r ie d to organize th eir own " s e le c t, subscription school". In this they fa ile d , and so l e f t R o lla fa r th eir former home in 1 .via.

The_ Annie_ Kume_Se!ejct S ch ool.- As of May, 1875, Miss Annie Hume had a Select.

School in the old Masonic H a ll, 4th and Main.

The Fannie Koskinson S ch ool.- This was conducted, from and a ft e r September, 1875, by Miss Fannie Haskins on. She was the "town's b e l l e " , and had been train ed at Missouri School of Mines.

Lbe p,7 £\®7 _pel£ct_ School.

May ol 1379, lis s L iz z ie W. B urley mpened th is school in the old Masonic H a ll, 4th and Main.

Fne_ Enoch F e r r e ll V i l l age S ch ool.- This is perhaps the very f i r s t school o f any kind that ex isted in R o lla . Enoch F e r r e ll, a most u sefu l, d iv e r s e ly talen ted in d iv id u a l ( la t e r county surveyor, public school teacher, State repre­ se n ta tiv e , ardent Unionist and leader in Republican p o lit ic s ) was teaching th is school when, on June 14, 1861, Union troops reached and took co n tro l o f R o lla .

The troop a r r iv a l so in teres te d and excited Enoch that he l e f t the dozen or so pu pils stranded in the 16x16 fo o f£ lo g school house — down in "Happy Hollow" somewhere near Third and Elm streets . . and raced out to see what was going on. The poor ch ildren, considerably scared, f i n a l l y started home - but were stopped a t a gate by a Union s o ld ie r sentry and not allowed to pass u n til they could give the pass word. A fte r some delay, th is was brought to them, and they passed. Ore of the pu pils was Mary Murray, s is t e r o f Miss Kate Murray ( who p erson a lly to ld th is s to ry to preent ’w r it e r s ), Miss Mary la t e r became Mrs. Daniel Donahoe, w ife o f the sturdy Rolla pioneer, farmer, townbuilder.

15 The C i v i l Uar_ Oath_of Lovalt^;.- The State Convention of M issouri, assembled in 1361, among other things, drafted an "Oath of L o y a lty " which i t required a l l lo y a l c it iz e n s to sign. Otherwise, th eir status was that of a "re b e l" or "se­ c e s s io n is t", disbarred from votin g or from holding public o f f i c e . Those who refused to -s ig n the oath were, i f then holding public o f fic e , removed therefrom .

In many cases, th e ir property was open to co n fisca tio n . The requirement extended even to school teachers and t o m inisters of the gospel. Hers is one form of that oath - there were others o f lik e content but d iffe r e n t wording: ( As of Feb. 24, 1362 ) . . . The undersigned swears that he w i l l bear true fa it h and a lle g ia n c e to the Government o f the United States of America, and support the C onstitu tion th e re o f, as the supreme law cf the land; that he w i l l never tate up arms against said government, or those who may be actin g under i t s a u th ority; that he w i l l never, by word, act or deed, knowingly g iv e aid or comfort, mr in any manner encourage armed opposition to the Government of the United S tates; but that, on the contrary, he w i l l do a l l in his power, as a c it iz e n , toanrevent such opposi­ tion , and to discourage the 'same whenever i z i s being made.. .v..He makes this oath f r e e l y and v o lu n ta rily , with no mental reserva tion s or r e s tr ic tio n s ’whatever, h on estly intending at a l l times h ereafter to keep the same, in s p i r i t as w e ll as in l e t t e r , and to conduct him self as a peaceful^, law abiding c it iz e n of the United S ta tes . ...T h is I do solemnly swear, so help me God. ( The c it iz e n s ig n s ).

The people of Rblla 'had eith e r to sign this oath - or be considered "r e b e ls '8 o f f i c i a l l y - w ith lo s s cf vote, and o f o f f i c e i f they held pu blic o f f i c e . Thu3 i t was th at the Phelps County Court was, fa r a time, com pletely disorganized — not to be reorganized u n t il o f f i c i a l s could be found and appointed bybthe Governor to f i l l the vacancies. Both school teachers and m inisters were subjected to such rem oval., which may account fa r the dism issal case brought against P r o f.

Simeon W. P h illip s , in 1365. His c ita tio n was regarded as more " p o l i t i c a l " than otherwise, so he remained ■ in R o lla ’ s school system, as we la t e r in d ic a te 5 On the same b a sis, R o lla ’ s c i t y government toppled, and it s 1362 e le c tio n / c a lle d a "fa r c e " - because the voters of R plla njaminated and by th eir votes e le cted an ardent secessio n ist as mayor. The lo y a lt y oath requirementb- which he had not f u l f i l l e d - made his e le c tio n vo id .

In short, what th is oath ( passed by the State Convention June 10,1362) requ ired, was as fo llo w s :, 1.

- A l l adults MUST sign the lo y a lt y oath 2 . - A l l those who had taken up arms against the United S tates, or had in any way given aid or comfort to the government's enemies, were deprived o f franchise rig h ts , or p r iv ile g e to hold public o f f i c e .

3.

- Signers of the oath must swear to support the U.S. Constitution and that o f Missouri, and defend both.

4.

- The s ig ie d oath was required to be f i l e d before signer could vote in e le c tio n s o f o ffic e r s for c it y , county, state, or n ation. This had to be dons at le a s t 5 days p rio r to date o f the e le c tio n .

The record should have read "PARSONS" - NOT "Parke

..... .......... :— 16 . a C¥M -- iiDLLA'3■PI2ST-SGEDU1•IMCOSPOK&fflGH .Tuns 27,1953 Tuasday® Sagaat 16, 1864. ( Book 1, page 347, ?rcc. Bhalps County Court ) ‘bo'uU 9? RQLIdi New at this day comes C*?.Wa2kar sad Present® a Petition signed by a majority o f fee Taxable Inhabitant® o f the Toms o f B e lla, Pbalpa Oesmfcy, fta fee State o f Niosouri® Praying feat said Tom by it s present sates and bounds be incorporated ■ fo r school purposes.

And i t being shorn to fee Court feat said Petition was signed by a majority o f fee Taxable Inhabitants o f said Torn o f Bolla* and a l l and singular fee Premise® being seen by fee Court, . . .

I t is ordained by fee Court feat the inhabitants o f fee Tom o f S e lla , os>~ bracing fee fe e ls o f Section mabered Blsran £m Township eaahered Thirty^sera**. North o f Bangs numbered Sight m et, be and fesy a rt hereby Incorporated aa a 'body p o lit ic and corporate by fee aane o f fee ^School Bireefers of fee T o m .o f B alia1*® and by feat ( c e rtifie d ) sama they and fe e ir successors sh a ll be krovm in lay , have perpetual soc«=» , cession, nay sue and be sued, complain and defend in a l l court® o f few and Sqoily® say taka, hold and purchase re a l dad personal Ssiat® and s e ll or dispose o f fee aa®e subject to fee instruction® and lim itations contained in fee Bighfe. A rticle o f an Act en titled HAa act f p t to provide for' fee organisation, support and government o f common schools in fee State ©£ Missouri1*# approved B d s »b e r 12fe, ISSSf nay have and us® a common. se a l end a lt e r fee ssm& at Pleasure.

She corporate powers herein conferred sh all be vested l a a Board o f School Biroetors to consist o f I g m member®, ©ad feat BQB3KS P* SaBISSESB, BASX2I» ©B&E* S33IIS, A(ndraw) MALCOX&, l ? J I BS&Jff, JOHN M. IBBI7EJ, A. BJ^PJurGlP, , and ftAisnar. ^ ^ d feay as® harsiby appointed, School Bireefere t.o compos© f e e f i r s i Board under th is Incorporation, with f i l l power and authority to act aseach u n til fe a ir successors are duly elected and q u a lifie d , and fe a t fee f ir s t meeting o f said Board o f directors sh a ll be held at fee Court Hons® Sa sa id Stem on Saturday fee third day o f September, 1334,"

Copied from o rig in a l record

By G lair ?. Mann S a t.8 June 27$ 1953.

- 16 under the incorporated rolla

18,64 - 1877.

CD S-i

a

Rolla School D is tr ic t is Incorporated. - (Goodspeed p. 639).. On August 16, 1864 ( just before the Price raid of September 26 at Ircn ton ), the Rolla vO school d is t r ic t was incorporated as "The School D irectors o f the Town of R o lla ". r—!

Cl Incorporation was under an Act o f the L egislatu re, dated Dec. 12, 1855* which feO Apt provided " fo r the organization, support, government o f common schools in the State of M issouri.'" The f i r s t Boardbof D irectorsfcr R olla included these men -U u Robert P. ^aulkner . . Daniel Chamberlain .. Andrew Malcolm . . Frank Deegan « . o and Daniel R. Parsons.. Their f i r s t meeting g John M. Dunivin . . A. Demplewolf was scheduled fo r September 3, 1$64, at Phelps County Court Jlouse.

X An item in an issue of "Records of Rolla High Sdhobi" says that the FIRST term o f pu blic school under this Board was held in the old "Faulkner House"* aiiBfrgfe. This- C NEED IS|^BBSSi--fche old ’.wholesale house o f Faulkner & Graves, on lo t cornering the Frisco ra ilro a d and north lin e of 8 th street* . ca lled the "Faulkner House". (Used as "Crandall House" h otel u n til burned, 1881.)

A l e t t e r to present w riters from a |fe» E.W.Peters, of S p rin gfield , Mo., dated July 4, 1941, states that his mother, the former MAGGIE E. KEEN, togeth er "with some man", were the two f i r s t teachers in R o lla public schools. Miss Kern

The school COULD have been la t e r conducted - e ith e r in the old R olla Masonic H all, northeast corner of 4th and Main . . or in the R*m . Case "YELLOW HOUSE" ( la t e r ca lled W ilson's R e tre a t") at southwest corner of 3rd. and Main. Both buildings were la t e r used for school purposes.

IT

The PHELPS COUNTY SEMINARY ( George Allen School) . 9? 1 An. a d ve rt! saraent the :h aoceared BR in --------a Rolla -----newspaper dated May 1, 1865,- described, a school which WhlUx. . _ _ _ _ _ i . * _ ______ T ... ^ _ .t.

-««< .«A 1 flf?

T*Vsm advertisement ca lled the Phelps County Seminary. I t was otherwise c a lle d the "Gemrge A llen School". George A. Allen, A.M.. .was president o f the group which_ established and operated the school. FMrs. Georgs A. A llen ( Anna M.) was Pre­ ceptress. Miss Sarah J. Frost was Assistant in the Primary Department. The p f W ^ . > ings o f th is school, as o f May, 1865, were as follow s:/ P r o f. Simecn b ^ J 1. _ Tte EIGHTH TERM o f the school commenced Monday, May 15, 1365. | Rrm cipai^ 2.

- The term continued fo r eleven weeks.

2 .— The program was designed to create permanent in stru ction o f high grade, and such as availab le students could a ssim ila te.

4 .- The Curriculum included the usual common or "English" branches, plus vocal music, drawing, penmanship. Also, i f desired, Latxn, Greek, French, German, It a lia n . . . . I n addition, the natural sciences h i^ ie r mathematics, or any o f the co lle g e courses taught an the e a s t.

5 - Tu ition : Per term, for the common branches, $5.00 ...F o r the Higher,^ $6.00 ..both in advance. No deductions except for sickness^or by sp ec ia l agreement. ( R olla, Phelps Co., Mo. 1st May, 1865).

This "School" or seminary seems to have operated w ith much success from 1865 down to 1369. Later additions to the curriculum included surveying, mil painting, and piano. ...

The note in the advertisement thatbthis " is the 8th term' in d icates t..at the school ooerated BEFORE 1865. I t MAY have had some connection w ith the Springdale Academy at R e lf e , - I t is certain that P ro f. P h illip s came from there.

I f i t DID operate in R olla before I 865 , then there had t o be a place of conducting the school. This could have been e ith e r in the old Masonic H a ll, 4th and Main, or in the R.M. Case YELLOW HOUSE, southwest corner of 3rd and Main. \ Wherever the school had headquarters in or before I 863 , i t s la t e r home was in the old lo g commissary bu ildin g the Union Army b u ilt at southeast corner o f 9th and Elm s tre e ts . The t i t l e ( t o th em )of'th is l o t is abstracted as fo llo w s :

T it le to the George Allen School Lot . - The old Union Amy Commissary Building, which for sixteen years was used for school purposes, was destroyed by the great f i r e of July 4, 1381. I t was a w e ll constructed lo g building having four ordinary rooms, plus a f i f t h made by enclosing the long porch that extended along the fron t o f the bu ilding.

The ouilding stood on a triangular lo t , ca lled "Fractional Block 56, County Addition to H o lla ". Two o f i t s sides were at righ t angles. One side measuring 64.5 fe e t was along the south lin e of 9th s tre e t. The other, 113.5 fe e t long, was along the east lin e of Elm s tre e t. The tria n g le hypotenuse extended in d ire c tio n N.29°-36* E. 130.54 fe e t . A fu lle r description would be th is : Begin­ ning a t corner "A", where the south lin e cf 9th street in tersects the east li r e of Elm s tr e e t. Thence south on east lin e of Elm street 113*5 fe e t to corner B. Thence N.29°-36* E. 130.54 feet to corner C. Thence, along south lin e of 9th street, west 64.5 fe e t , to corner A, place of beginning.

This fr a c tio n a l part of Block 56 , County Addition, was f i r s t platted by surveyor A.E.Buchanan, and sold to John Webber and w ife Lucinda F. Webber by William C. York, sp ec ia l sales agent fo r Phelps County. From the Webbers, the t i t l e changed as fo llo w s : 1.

- On the 28th o f November, I 865 , Mr. and Mrs. Webber sold the l o t to George A. A llen and w ife Anna Mae fo r $300.00. (W.Deed Book c, p.530) 2.

- On February 27th, 1866, the Allens gave tru st deed to Ephraim Ryan and Azro Emory ( Book B, p.183).

3. - On March 31st, 1869, George A. Allen and w ife Anna Mae sold the l o t to the "Board of Education o f the City of R olla, Phelps Co., Mo." (Book F, p.352).

4.

- On June 20th, 1881 ( 14 days before the great f i r e o f July 4th destroyed the b u ild in g) the "School D is tr ic t, City of H olla, by Joseph Campbell,president", gold the lo t , fin a lly , to F.C.W. Owen plus A.J. and W.R. Branson, who owned the adjacent and la rg e r h otel lo t . (Book F, p.105).

We leave the lo t and i t s t i t l e fo r the description of "R olla C ollege" which was incorporated and operated during th is same period, the years 136-7-69.

We sh all then return to fo llo w out the f in a l r o le which F raction al Block 56 played in R olla school h istory.

R olla College Is Incorporated. 1867.- This in s titu tio n was born because o f the conviction of the Rev. J.C.H. Hobbs, pastor o f the R olla Methodist Church, that "Rolla-Town" badly needed schools, including some sort of a co lleg e fo r train in g R o lla teenagers who had graduated from lo c a l common schools. Rev.Hobbs therefore l e f t his pastorate for a few weeks, in order to contact some of M s wealthy frien d s who had funds which might be used to finance the school. He re­ turned with such funds as were necessary to sta rt the school. These further actions are from the records o f the Phelps County c ir c u it clerk and recorder.

Articles__of Association of_R olla _C oIle£ e.- The fo llo w in g p e titio n was handed to the C ircu it Judge of Phelps County in November, 1867: . . . " To the Hont Aaron Van Wormer, judge of the Phelps County C ircu it Court. S i r : . We, Stanford In g .’.L . A.Wilson ..J.C .H . Hobbs . . E.W. Bishop .. W.J.C. Taylor . . A .Mal­ colm . . and three others . . have by th e ir association organized a College, to be ca lled ROLLA COLLEGE, fo r educational purposes, agreeably to the Act o f Revised Statutes o f 1865, Chapter 70, said C o lle y to be located at R olla, Phelps County, M issouri___ We do therefore p e titio n that your honor w i l l grant a C e r tific a te at Association as provided by statute...W e have the honor to remain, S ir, Yours ^ r y tru ly .

(Signed) J.C.H. Hobbs, for hims&lf and in behalf o f the other members of the corporation".

- 18 The Formal Incorporation.- This now follow ed: Where as, Stanford Ing, L.A.Wilson, J .Hobbs and s ix other Trustees have f i l e d in the o ffic e of the Clerk o f the C ircu it Court th e ir A rtic le s of Association, in compliance with the provisions o f an Act concerning corporations, approved March 19, 1866, with th eir P e titio n for Incorporation under the name and style o f ROLLA COLLEGE. ...T h ey are therefore hereby declared a body P o lit ic and Corporate by the name and s ty le aforesaid, with a l l the powers, p riv ile g e s , and immunities granted in the act above named. By order o f the Judge o f the C ircu it Court o f Phelps County,Missouri .

'Given under my hand at R o lla , in vacation, at chambers, th is 5th day of September, 1867. (Signed) Aaron Van Wormer, Judge of the C ircu it Court, Phelps County, Mo. ( F iled Sept. 5, 1867. Recorded Nov. 24, 1867. H.L.Wheat, Recorder).

Operation o f R olla C ollege.- We have incomplete data concerning what hap­ pened from Sept* 5,tllemfjF dp,to May 21, 1868. These things are known: ( l ) The co lleg e trustees made contract with parties who had leased the old Masonic H a ll at 4th and Maimssteetfesj—taking over the lease for the upstair.chamber. They b u ilt an outside stairway from ground to upper chamber. They procured and in s ta l­ led desk, chairs, and books, together with an organ and a piano. There must also have been arrangements for a teaching s t a ff o f some kind.

Now, however, on May 21, 1868, the Trustees brought in the Rev. J. Loughran ( pronounced "Lauren"), a Methodist m inister, who, under the fo llo w in g described contract, took charge and operated the c o lle g e . Rev. Loughran was named "President" o f the c o lle g e . On his teaching s t a ff was John t ng, son of Rev. Stanford In g, the How many others were on th s t a f f i s presiding eld er fo r th is Methodist d is t r ic t not stated.

1868 P ro f. Laughren agreed By formal contract o f record, dated tylay 21, 1868, to assume f u l l charge c£ Rolla College, and do the fo llo w in g thingsi (1 ) To conduct, the school with h is best energy and a b ilit y , in order to build up a school o f highgrade; (2) To keep, in association with him self, a corps of experienced, capable teachers - and pay them at his own expense; (3)To defray i l l current expenses o f the c o lle g e , except one h a lf o f the building rent - the Trustees to pay the other h a lf 4 (4) Tp pay a l l l i a b i l i t i e s incurred to date, a lso to have a l l College assets such as tu itio n fees now due - -which he would c o lle c t . (5 ) He was also awarded ownership o f a l l the seats and desks used -to da te , together with the stove, zinc sink, water c lo set, stairway at rear o f building, and the piano and organ.

In turn, Loughran released the, Trustees from provisions of a lease,given to them by Georgs**Allen and brother,pertaining to occupancy of Masonic H a ll.

The Trustees released to Loughran a l l t i t l e they held in the foregoing named property, am ^.ve him f u l l control o f fix in g tu itio n charges - which, however, could not exceed the "current" rates without consent cf Trustees. They s t i l l reserved the r ig h t to "gen era lly supervise" the C ollege, and oversee any suspen­ sion o f e ith e r students or teachers. . . . . A l l these d e ta ils were embodied in a ^ w ritten contract f i l e d in Misc. Book 1, a t page 76 , county reco rd er's o ffic e The contract went in to e f fe c t as of August 1st, 1868, but was execute« May — j 21,1868d* — Contract signed by Loughran and, for the Trustees, Stanford Ing, p re s ld a it, L.A . *0 <Dj| -a i Wilson, secretary. r* 1 The C ollege operated at le a s t u n til some date in 1869 - at le a s t u n til June 24 - when $3S> a R olla Herald e d it c r ia li ‘p r o f. Ing ; o f the R olla C o lle g e , .___ is eminently q u a lifie d for his position'.^ Rev. Loughran became the R olla Method!s pastor fo r a few months - bridging the gap that intervened between resign ation of Rev. J.C.H. Hobbs and the a r r iv a l of Rev. Lewis F. Walden. By 1870 the College had permanently closed. . . . I t seems apparent that, in many ways, Rolla. ^.Oilege was a competitor o f the Georgs A. Allen "Phelps County Seminary". I t taught courses equivalent to those of the la s t two years of high school.

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- 19 R olla Herald E ditor Coamends Area Schools.- 2ndan e d it o r ia l e n title d "Our Sducatior In teres ts and Church P riv ile g e ^ , the e d ito r of the Rolla Herald had th is to s^r: " In education, our ounty ranks among the highest in Missouri. The fr e e school system is in general operation, and i t s good e ffe c t s are already becaning manifest. In addition to the free schools, we have a lso numbers cf private schools, seminaries and co lleg es . Several o f these have already secured' wide -spread popularity and a lib e r a l outside patronage. Messrs^ P h illie s _and Morgan, o f ROLLA HIGH_5CH_00L - Prof^ Ing of_the_P.OLLA_COLLSGS, and Rev. S.H. W il­ liamson o f the S t. James Male & Female Seminary are each and a l l eminently qu ali­ fie d fo r th eir p osition s; and under th eir e f fic ie n t management, the popularity o f tin respective schools is d a ily increasing. In addition to the above, we have in R olla a private school under the d ire ctio n of P ro f. Foss - and a lso a school conducted under auspoces cf the Catholic church, with Father Moran as teacher.

Arlington a lso has a private school o f good repute, which serv#& the Harrison and other fa m ilie s . . . . I t w i l l be seen from the foregoing that our educational in teres ts are not neglected, and that our f a c i l i t i e s are l i t t l e - i f any - behind mahy counties o f the Northern and Eastern S ta tes." ( RH June 24, 1 3 6 9 )p .2 ,c o l.l) Closin g Status o f George^Allen School(3=8£9) » - In newspaper advert!sements which appeared both b e fo fe and a f t e r March 18, 1369 ( RH 3—32 Mar 18,1369), the school i n i t i a l l y ca lled "Phelps County Seminary" had by 1869 taken the name of "ROLLA HIGHJSCKOOL - PhelosjCounty,„Mis£ouri" . These "ads", inserted on and a fte r A p r il 30 , 1869, appeared as fo llo w s: " ROLLA ipGHjSfflOOL, Phelps Co., Mo. ...S.W . P h illip s (Simeon W .), p r in c ip a l..

Vf.S. Perkins, Asst. P rin cip a l, Ernest Hohefele, teacher of German and French.

Mrs M.L. Allen, piano ..Miss R.E.White, drawing and painting ...M r. F-B.Morsp.nj, F irs t term vo ca l music. • • • • The year is divided in to 3 terms o f 15 weeks each 5ins. on A p ril 6th, 1869 ..Second term on September 7th ..Th ird term on Decembe] 28, 1868. tuition per session i s as follow s; ?unary: 1st class y *,oo 2nd class 3rd class ...................... 8.50 Common English branches ............... 10.00 Higher English branches .............. 12.00 Ancient Languages ......................... 15.00 Surve ying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15* 00 P en cil Drawing » • • • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.00 Monochromatic drawing .....................10.00 O il p a in t in g .................... $5.00 '£ otl5^-00 C Vocal music, 12 lessons per term 2.00 Music, 30 lessons on p ia n o ......... 15.00 " Good board can be had from $2.50 to $3.50 per week. The in s titu tio n is in a most pleasant and quiet part o f Rblla, Ample grounds, good water. The bu ildin g has been f it t e d up with good, substantial fu rn itu re. No pains w i l l be spared to make th is a f i r s t class sch oo^ . . . Courses are rapid, thorough, prac­ t i c a l . Government is mild, but rigid/observance of order, courtesy, and propriety.

NORMAL CLASSES w i l l be formed each term, the object being to prepare young men and la d ies to teach country school. This school stands altogeth er apart from re lig io u s or p o lit ic a l influ ences. Prospective patrons may v i s i t the school and observe i t s workings. Address the "P rin c ip a l", at Rolla, M issou ri." . « » » This impressive program was p resen tly to be terminated by closing of the School, and purchase of its old Army Commissary Building a t 9th and Elm streets - by tha 'r /Vi W '.School Pi s t r ic t - and the continuance in that building cf R o lla 1s public school qystem. The "High School" had^been conducted in the oldJUM._CASE VfiT.T.nw BUILDING, at the immediate southwest/corner cf 3rd and 253instefc32£!a£,s / fo r a time, previously, |<

20 Rapid Expansion o f R o lla 's Public Schools,-1869-1875.- There is much un­ certa in ty as to the status o f R o lla 's public schools from the date o f formal school board organization in August of 1364 down to the year 1369, when, on March 31, 1869, George A. Allen and wife Anna Mae sold the old Commissary lo t to the "Board o f Education o f the City of R olla, Phelp3 County, Missouri", as we mentioned on page 17 h e re o f...D id the R olla school board conduct school fo r the years 1865-66-67— 68 ? ...A v a ila b le records do not give the answer. However, a l l th is changed, rapidly, from and a fte r a county-wide "Teacher's In s titu te " was held in R olla, beginning on Tuesday, A p ril 6th, 1869. This In stitu te was convened on c a ll o f Charles P. Walker - long-time e d ito r of the Rolla Express, and rugged leader who in the years 1861-65 recru ited sold iers fo r the Union army. Walker was now the "Phelps County School Commissi oner, but with new t i t l e - "County School Superintendent". He was joined in the c a ll by Hon. T.A. Parker, State Supt. of Schools, Jefferson C ity, Mo. ....In v it a t io n s were extended to school teachers and superintendents in charge of schools in counties o f Phelps, Dent, Crawford, Pulaski and Maries.

Phelps County's F ir s t Teachers' In s titu te . 1869. - From the minutes o f the In s titu te kept by John Ing, secretary, we learn that the In s titu te f i r s t met at the "ALLEN SCHOOL HOUSE" ( The R.M. Case "YELLOW HOUSE", la te r ca lled W ilson's R etrea t), which stood at the immediate southwest corner of 3rd and Main streets, R o lla .

The F ir s t Meeting, Jlhegday^ A p ril 6th.- The f i r s t In s titu te meeting con­ vened at 9 o'clock in the morning, Tuesday, A p ril 6th, 1869. I t was attended by some 25 teachers from Phelps and surrounding counties, plus several prominent educators of Missouri, including Hon. T.A.Parker, State superintendent of schools, ro f . E.G. Clark, assistant state superintendent ..P r o f. O.M. Baker from the schools of St. Louis, and Prof. O.H. Fethers, o f the Jefferson C ity schools.

Mr. Charles P. Walker opened the session with b r ie f remarks. Mr. George A. A llen led the devotionals. ...A temporary organization o f the In s titu te was made by e le c tin g C. P.Walker as president, Prof. Simeon W. P h illip s as secretary.

President Walker then appointed several committees: On permanent^ organi^a^ion^ P rofs. S .W .P h illips, O.M. Baker, G.J.C. Ayers; on_Reception, Mr~ George A. A lien and Mis s L iz z ie Emerson; Ten minute speeches were then made as fo llo w s: On_orthography, Mr. George &.

Allen, P ro f. Baker, and Mr. Wines; on_Reading, P ro f. Baker and Mr. Wines; on Penmanship^ P ro f. Baker; and- on Mental Arithmetic, Mr. Ayers.

In_the_Afte r noon_Se ssi.gn, more discussions were these: on Geography, Mr. Wines, who urged use of a r t i f i c i a l "world globes" in in stru ction ; on Reading, by P ro f. S.W. -Ph illip s, who also discussed the leading principles cf Education; on O ral_Teahing, by P ro f. Baker and Mr. Wines; . . . . .RECESS . . . a fte r which P rof .Bake 1 discussed W ritten Arithm etic. The In stitu te then adjourned to meet at 7:00 P.M. at the Methodist church.

Evening M e e tin g ,_ A g r il_ 6 th T h e erents o f the evening were these: Opening music by the Methodist choir, MiS3 A lice Ryan, d ire c to r ...Address on Mucatipn,

by Rev. G.H. Williamson, South Methodist pastor at S t. James.. . .Music by choir ....

R ecitation by P ro f. 0. H. Fethers . . . Music . . . Adjournment.

Opening prayer by Rev. Morning Session,^Tednesday^ A p ril 7th.- 9:00 A.M. Stanford In g. . . . . Music by choir ...D iscussion of Reading, by P ro f. O.H. Fethers., Arithm etic, by P rof. E.G. Clark, Asst. State Supt. Schools . . Music by choir . . .

U. S. ConstituDiscussion of Schogl_Governmeri-t by State Supt. T.H. Barker . . The ___ tion by P rof. O.M. Baksr. ...Morning adjournment.

Altman, Afternoon, A p ril 7th .- Demonstration, PhysicalJJeography, by Mr o f Pennsylvania.. .ALDhabet, By Prof. Fethers . . . Arithm etic, by P r o f. Clark . . . .

Miscellaneous In s titu te business: Resolutions Committee appointed, i t s members Messrs. Ayers, Baker, Ing. . . . P rof. Baker, chairman of Commxttee on Permanent Organization, reported a Constitution and Bylaws, which were adopted. ...Adjournment.

21 t Methodist church, President Walker in chair.

Evening Session. A p ril 7th,Debate: Resolved, that Corporal Punishment in Schools Should 3e Abandoned. For the a ffirm a tiv e , Mr. Wines and T.D. Morgan ...F o r the negative, W.T. N iles ( editor o f Rolla Herald) and Mrs. E.A. Seay......... Capt. C.C.Bland, wanting to be sure that the LADY TEACHERS voted, so moved . and i t was so decreed. The decision went to the Negative - l1retain corporal punichmen t " ....... Next, an address on "The Unit Ide

by State Supt. Parker ( vhich E d i t o r l i e s la t e r said was in exceedingly bad taste . . . Readings by .Prof. Fethers, on "Lucy’ s Lamb", Poe’ s "Raven' etc Adjournment u n til tomorrow at A lle n 's School House.

The taking of a c o lle c tio n Morning Session, _Thur sdav, _A pril_8th. - At A ll rn’ s School House. . . . A f t e r ise was a Re£it_ati on, by P r o f. FFethers .. .English Grammar, by opening, f i r s t ex* A general discussion of Grammar Clark rof. Baker . . . Hatefimatic s, by P: cox. concluied the morriing session.

Afternoon Session,__April 8th .— Discussions were these: On Phgsic3, by Dr. William B. Glenn, of R olla 7 . •Mathematics, by Prof. E.G. Clark . . -Orthography,

by P ro f. O.M. Baker. . . . The Resolutions Committee reported thus: (1) recommended uniform ity in te x t book usage as indispensable; (2) endorsed these texts: Robin­ son’ s National Reading and S pelling Book - Robinson’ s series on Arithmetic - the and the Spencerian system, of K arl’ s Grammar Geographies by Monteith and McNally penmanship.........

Thanks were tendered to State Supt. T.A. Parker, Asst. Supt E.G. Clark.

P rof. O.H. Fethers, and P rof. O.M. Baker, " fo r aid in establishing a Teachers’ In stitu te in our county ( the f i r s t such in s t it u t e ). Thanks, also, to City of R olla fo r i t s h o s p ita lity , lodging, use of school rooms fo r day sessions. Thanks to Methodost church fo r use in evening sessions, and to it s Choir fo r the "very entertaining music provided". Thanks to Rolla Express and Rolla Herald xor reporting In s titu te proceedings. Adjournment for evening session.

Evening Session, J l g r i l 8th .- At Methodist church. Renewed discussion o f " CorporalJhumsjra^t". . .TDebate . . . For a ffirm a tive, T.D.Morgan and Prof .O.M.Baker... for n egative,“ P ro f. E.G.Clark and P rof. S.W. P h illip s . Tine expired, no decision made. ....M usic by Choir ...E ssay on "Qu^lifgcati_on of_Tgac_hers", by Mrs Altman, o f Pe m sylvan ia.. . . .F in a l addre ss by Prof. E.G. Clark, on "^Jblic_och ool Interests n.

FINAL ADJOURNMENT ( End cf In s t it u t e ). Minutes signed by JOHN ING, Secretary. provide T’£lese minutes are here reported in d e ta il, for several reasons some idiea o f common school subject matter, textbooks, and the p revailin g philoso­ phy o f the teaching profession o f the times. But the major reason is that this In s titu te gave immense stimulus to the expansion and improvement, not only o f the R olla Dublic schools, but those also of Phelps and surrounding counties. In c i­ dentally, the d irection of the "music" by Miss A lice Ryan so captivated P ro f. ^ E.G. Clark that their marriage resulted on \uyl£ 3 ’& ---- > Clark ta rrie d in Rolla long enough for him to become superintendentjof R olla vthe yearpublic schools, for what was l e f t o f the spring term, 1369, and ior> ytr \ 1369-70* if ■Jn /VT

- 22 Three_Rolla_H eral_ E d ito ria ls f o l l o w In s t it u t e . -..Following the forehoing In s titu te , three inform ative e d ito r ia ls by the ed ito r of the Rolla Herald are of much in te re s t. As of June 24, 1869, he wrote :this : 11 Our Educational In terest£ and_ Chur£h_P£ivileg_e£.- In education, our county ranks among the highest in the State. The free school system is in general operation, and it s good e ffe c t s are already becoming manifest, In addition to them, we have numbers of private schools, seminaries, and co lleges, several of which have already secured wide-spread popularity and a lib e r a l outside patronage. Messrs. P h illip s and I.D.Morgan, o f the Rolla High School - Prof._ John_Ing_of R olla Coldeg£ - and Rev. G.H. Williamson, o f the St. James "Male and Female Seminary", are each and a l l eminently q u a lifie d for their positions, and under th e ir e f fic ie n t management, the popularity o f the respective schools i s d a ily increasing. ” In addition to the above, we have in Rolla a private school under die d irection of P rof. Foss, and a lso a parochial school conducted under auspices of the Rolla Catholic church, Father Moran, teacher........... Arlington has also a private school o f good repute. I t w ilj. he seen by the above that our educational in terests are not neglected, and that our f a c i l i t i e s are l i t t l e , i f any, behind many counties in the northern or Eastern S tates.......

Our Punlic Schools.

A Second E d ito ria l. August 12, 1869, read as follow s: The public schools T o f R o lla ;, under the superintendency o f Prof, E.G.Clark, have been' an unusual success fo r the £erm_ending luly_9thj;_ ...S ch ool w i l l open again, under his management, the f ir s t Monday in September, and £ont3nue_t£nja£nths» No pains w i l l be spared to make the "£ r in c im l department" ' a model school. Latin, higher mathematics, and natural sciences can be pursued. There w i l l be - £n_thi£ department - good, comfortable seats, and the room in other respects w i l l be made comfortable and pleasant. Scholars from abroad w i l l be admitted into the school by paying a reasonable tu itio n fe e . The_ £u blic_sdiool ha£ not been_an honor to R olla ( so fa r ), but hereafter, tinder a corps of e f fic ie n t teachers, we may be certain o f a change fo r the b e tte r. The City of R olla w i l l not be o f much import­ ance, in the eyes of right-minded men, u n til the public school becomes a success.

Then_Duild_uo the, free_S£hool ‘ l In the end, i t is more economical, and fa r more humane. The Board of School D irectors re s p e c tfu lly asks the earnest and unanimous support o f the citize n s of R olla in th eir e f fo r t s to build up and establish a fir s t class public school in than m idst." ( Signed: C liffo rd G. Woody, Clerk of the Beard of Education).

The Third E d ito ria l was printed on Sept. 9, 1869. I t fo llo w s: " Our ears were greeted J tiiis morning) by the fa m ilia r peals o f the school b e lls . School opens with bright prospects. No reason vfay R olla shoulc not support a fir s t- c la s s public school, as w ell as any public school in our S ta te. Experienced teachers have been secured for each department, and the success o f the P rin cip al, Prof.

E.G.Clark, during last term, augurs w e ll for the future o f our schools. But l e t our citize n s remember — a good teacher can not alone make a good school. The good w i l l , the support and influence of parents i s needed. Without these no school can succeed. Let us, then, as citizen s of Rolla, look in to the good o f our term and our children, and do a l l we can for the encouragement o f the enterprise, knowing that a fir s t - c la s s school w i l l add more to our good repute, at home and abroad, than, any private enterprise we may es ta b lis h ."

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R olla Schools Under P rof. E.G.Clark. 1869-70.- At lea st two fa ctors resulted in the appointment, immediately a fte r this Teachers1 In s titu te o f A p ril 6-8, 1869, o f Prof. E.G. Clark as superintendent o f R o lla 1s public schools. F irs t, he had made impressive talks in the In s titu te , and in so doing had aroused much admiration, both fo r his scholarship, and for his personal q u a litie s . And, secondly, the mutual a ttra c tio n between him and Miss A lice Ryan probably helped him to say Yes" whsn the School Board offered the superintendent’ s job to him......... At any rate, he headed the public school fo r the term ending in July, 1869, and continued through the 1869-70 term. During his administration, he conducted what was probably R o lla 1s f i r s t public high school. I t was ca lled the "P rin c ip a l’ s Department", and in i t were twught la tin , higher mathematics, and the natural sciences.

The 1869-70 term began the second Monday in September ( Sept.13th), I 869 .

There was an a d d ition a l teaching s t a ff o f at le a s t two, but the teachers’ names are not given. As o f March 10, 1870, P r o f. Clark reported that there were enrolled 208 pupils - 110 boys, 98 g i r l s . The numbers’ of pupils en rolled in the courses taught are these: Grammar . . . . 42 Arithm etic . . . 147 In Reading.. . . . 208 121 U.3. History 19 Geography . . . .

S p ellin g . . . 208 L a t i n ....... . 18 W ritin g . . . . 85 Town and County School S ta tis tic s , 1869 and 1870. - On v.. November 11, 1869,, Chas. P. Walker, county superintendent o f schools, reported the fo llo w in g s ta tis tSics|2 both fo r Rolla, and fo r Phelps County: For the year I 869 , the Number o f county school housesfs31 ...V alue of county school property, $7,370 .....Num ber o f children lis te d , 3,963 o f whom 2078 were white boys, 1811 were white g i r l s . Number of negro children, 48, of whom 22 were boys, 26 g i r l s .

Of the 23 teachers, 18 viere men, ,5 .women. he H/ ) ( c<_ , ( .

For /tine number cf children o f school age was 4, 314• Of these, oniy'^2,022 were attending school. There were 49 teachers who drew average sala pies o f $39.78 perjakonth ( for men), $27.75(lo r wornery! There were 50 school houses, but only 41 public schools. The value o f school property was $12,890.00. And, besides the white children lis t e d above, there were 93 negro children of school age.

The Teachers’ In s titu te of 1870. - This, the second Teachers In s titu te , con­ vened in R olla on Tuesday, A p ril 12, 1870,and continued through Wednesday and Thursday, the 1 3 th and 14th. I t was arranged by Chas., P. Walker, s t i l l the county school superintendent. P rof. E.G.Clark had an important place on the program, which was much lik e that o f 1869. The important teachers and some o f f i c i a l s , both of R olla and of St J ames, were present. The music fo r the occasion was furnished by Amos J. Richardson, who follow ed Prof Clark as school superintendent the 1870-71 - years year.

The R olla School Board o f 1869 -7Q.-|As o f September 10, 3.870, the school board d ire cto rs who had. so fa r served two}'of th eir three-year term - with a year yet to serve - were Camillus G."Woody and W illiam Robson. Woody was the Board’ s secretary fo r several years th erea fter. ...On Sept. 10, 1870, two others newly elected for* three—year terms were C.C.Bland and A lbert Neuman.. .And io r three—year terms, elected a t the same time, were Robert P. Faulkner and Andrew Malcolm. Robson was board president, Woody was secretary, and Faulkner was treasurer.

P ro f. Clark resigns - Leaves R o lla . - For reasons we do not presently knew.

P rof. E.G.Clark resigned as superintendent at the end cjf the spring term ( July ? ), 1870. His a b ilit y and prestige were in no way c r it ic iz e d cr lessened. Thereupon, the School Board, advertised ( July 21,1870) for a s t a ff cf teachers^ wanted, as follow s One prin cip al, salary not to exceed $90 per month; an assistant p rin cip a l, salary $35 per month; one second assistant to p rin cip a l, salary $ 3 0 ; and one teacher for the negro school, salary $40 per month. ....T h e teachers who were employed under this arrangement were these:" P rin cip al, Amos J. Richardson ..F ir s t Assistant, Mrs. Amos bant, Miss M Richardson ...Second Assistant, Miss . Keere ...T h ird Assistant, Mary Nevin he teachers fo r the 1870-71 year.

For Negro school, Miss Eunice Comstock. These were

0 23(a) INSIST THIS ON PAGE 23, just before "Town arid County S t a t is t ic s 1*. w ire The fo llo w in g scholars in regular attendance (20 days) during the ffggfr" month d f' Ape i l , 1870 IOTE

tel >

Primary Department; Amanda Eauffman ..Fanny Burdell . . Caleo S k iles .

E lic Massey . .

David Kauffman . . Sophia 3horman . . John Sanford . . and John M itchell..

Intermediate Department: John Massey . . Arthur Brisban . . M illa rd Faulkner Fanny S k iles . . Cyrus Morse . . Nancy Moore .. George Brucher .. Sarah Majors . .

W illie Furnsworth . .Valcine Majors . . and Nancy Hawkins.

Princijeal Department ( High sch ool): Annie Flinn . . Joseph VanWormer . . nnie O'Brien"".. Maggie O'Brien . . Robert Fraim . . Charles Roehm . . Thomas Watkins dale T ^ lo r . . Oscar Garvens . . Carrie Wilson . . and Peter Schleer.

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The_Gajri£s.ign For_ A New School_Building. - Soon a fte r the closing o f the Teachers' In s titu te o f A p ril S-3, 1869, ed ito r N iles o f the Rolla Herald opened the campaign fo r a new and decent R olla School Building with the fo llow in g ed i­ t o r i a l: ( Apr.2 1,I 869 ) : " Scarcely a day passes but we hear the question asked - "Shall we have a New School House?" That i s asked by the very men who should tats hold of the matter, and byj^their support of the measure, cause i t to be answered in the. a ffirm a tive . ....T h e c it y census now being taken w i l l develope the fa c t that we have a popula­ tion o f between 2500 and 3000 people, whose educational in terests are represented in_an old commis£ary_barn, located i_n_ths_re_ar of_steble_s_and_sal£ons, and w i ll re .min there for years, rendering our c it y the s c o ff and by-word o f our more en terp risin g neighbor communities - unless immediate steps are taken toward building a new house. " In conversing with citizen s on the subject, we have not met a single in d ivid u al who expressed opposition. But, on the contrary, each one, in the strings st terms, advocated prompt action in the premises. The school board, we learn, are a l l r ig h t - but do not widi to move in the matter without an expression o f the w i l l o f the people. Perhaps th is is r ig h t. But - l e t a vote be taken as soon as possible - say the f i r s t Monday in June, at the time of holding the c ity e le c tio n . Let the question of "school house" or "no school house" - or,rather, the question of "new school house" or "old commissary barn" be thoroughly agitated, andT'we are confident our people w i l l unanimously be found on the side of improvement and education. " The bu ildin g of a good school house w i l l do much to in v ite permanent improvements, advance re a l estate, and promote the growth of Rolla, amd our citize n s w i l l not be compelled to blush fo r very shame, when asked by strangers 1 Where is your school house?1 . . .A g ita te -a g ita te -a g ita te 11" The R olla School_Board_Hesitates.- On© way to solve the "new school house" problem'was to buy tho l ate -MAl l ea Sch.oel-ftousg" - the old "Yellow Home" owned by former maycr R.M. Case. I t was at the immediate southwest corner of 3rd and Main s tre e ts . M r . Case indicated his desire to s e l l the building ...B u t the.Beard did r sntynot regard this as an adequate solution. Nor were they certain that a/uoha i i l l o f $30,000 with 10^. in teres t rate was gooci fo r R olla. The Board had the power, under the law, ;o c a ll a mass meeting o f citize n s wherein a vote fo r or against the new building could take place - what cost could be incurred - and where the site should be. They could/ on a ffirm ative vote o f the mass meeting, issue bonds to run twenty years, with' in te re s t not to exceed lQjS. ...W h ile the Board hesitat* the ed ito rs of the Rolla Herald, P.B.'Van Deren and Horatio Herbert, prodded i t ■with this e d it o r ia l: (Thu June 2,1870) a fh rhp Question of a new school house i s one that should in terest every c i t i z o f H olla. There is no town in the State of Missouri, we w i l l venture to assert, o sessing the same natural advantages as R o lla , that is so des the same s iz e , and possessing olla, tute o f educational p r iv ile g e s - or where so large a number of citizen s manifest so l i t t l e in te re s t in the cause o f popular education. Other towns, in every d ire c tio n around us — north, south, east and west are keeping pace with the s p ir it o f 5jQDrovement by erectin g commodious school houses, and securing the services o f competent teachers'.' ( C assville, for instance, was building a three—stcry house the" flo o r plan of which measured 40x60- fe e t ). . . . " I f the members of our present school board have not the nerve to use the power given them by the law, l e t the people of Roll a, by vote next Tuesday, in stru ct them to proceed at once to build a house ’worthy o f the county seat of Phelps county. We b elieve that two-thirds of the taxable inhabitants o f Rolla, had they the opportunity, would vote for a new school house. I f possible, l e t us have the vote, and then we sh all know who are the true friends cf R olla.",

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s».

"_A_Ne)'i_S£hopl Housja At_Las^"_(Au£.1^1870). - The editors of the Rolls. Herald announced the jo y fu l news in the issue of August 4, 1370, as fo llo w s : " On Monday evening, August 1, 1870, the R o lla Board of Education passed an order providing fo r the issue o f twenty-year bonds to the amount of $ 30,000 for the erection o f a new public school house. This action of the Beard w i l l add more to the m aterial wealth o f R olla, and secure a la rg e r emigration to our county, than has been e ffe c te d for the la s t ten je a r s . The next move w i l l be to se lec t a favorable s ite , ’without reference to "th is or that" particu lar l o c a lit y - although, should some large-hearted public s p irite d c it iz e n fe e l disposed to deal l i b e r a l l y with the Board, the propo­ s itio n should be favorably entertained. Every member o f the Board, w i l l be long remembered as among our most fa r-sigh ted and public sp irited c itiz e n s . They are: Louis Auerbach . . Camillus G. Woody . . W illiam Robson . . T.Q.Smerson . . W.J.C. Taylor »* and Dr. L.A. W ilson."

The proposition DID have some opponents^ Among the strongs st was Walbridgp Powell, ed ito r of the Rolla Express - and la te r o f the R olla New Era. £hoice_of New S ch ool_H ou se__S iteT h e f i r s t choice o f site by the School Board was that now occupied by the "R olla B uilding", on the old School of Mines ( now the Univ. o f Mo. a t R o lla ) campus. This was cwned by Mr. E.W. Bidiop. He asked $1500 fo r the s it e . The Board rejected the o ffe r , aid chose a new s it e on which Jackling F ie ld was la t e r la id out - in Railroad Lot No. 39* Mr. Bishop now offered to trade the s ite f i r s t chosen - the area between Main and State streets, and between 12th and 13th streets - fe r an equal amount o f ground in Railroad Lot 39* This o f fe r was accepted.

The_"Rolla Buklding^ is_Constructed. - With s ite now chosen, plans fo r the new^building were prepared by Mr. J.T. Harris, an arch itect o f Bloomington, I l l i ­ n ois. Bids were requested, and those received opened in A p ril, 13?1. Mr. AjSJls®, o f Salem, M issouri’! o ffe t ’ed toe constructithsrbuolding fo r $23,000. The contract was signed on May 1, 1873.. The corner stone was la id with appropriate ceremonies on June 24, 1371, and with a:large- attendanhargf R o lla c itize n s , including Mayor G. G. Bland, c it y o f f i c i a l s . , and the School Board.

NOTE: Include here the d eta iled description of (EH June 8>

CVM Fep Feb 24,' 67

- 25.a " OUR PUBLIC SCHOOL li 00535" ( The Rolla Bldg)

11The corner stone o f the Holla school house w ill be laid with Masonic honors on the 24th instant ( June 2a,1371)- the anniversary of St.John, the B 'p tist. I t i s expected the exorcises w ill be conducted by Th03. E Garrett, M.W. Grand Master o f the order in M issouri. .....B y politeness of Mr. A.S.Dys, who has the contract for building the house, we are- enabled to give a general description of the ed ifice taken from the specifications furnished.

The nain building fronts south; i3 53 feet front by 69 f t . 6 in . deep, with two wings - cne on the east and one on the west side, each 16 f t . 6 in . by 30 f t . , caking an exirene front of 86 f t . , and deptH of 69 f t . 6 in ., covering altogether an area of over 3GQ0 square fee t. . . . . . Building to be 4 stories high, including basement, which i s 8 feet high; 1st at ary 13* ~2U, second story 13* -4 ’’ ; 3rd story 13’-4 ", ^assuring fre a flo o r to c eilin g . Height to the platform on top o f main building, 56 f t ; the platform, 22 f t . square, i s surrounded with r a i l and balustrade, fearning a proaenade 4 f t . wide around the base o f the tower, which i s 11 f t . square. Height fre a p latfom to f la ia l, 32 f t . Height of building frea ground lin e to f ia ia l, 88 f t .

Each story of rsaia building i s divided into 4 roa&s, capable o f seating 50 scholars each. . . . . . The fcundaiicn walls are o f limestone — rubble work — 2 f t . thick, b u ilt frees 4 f t . be lew to 4 f t . above the ground lin e - fam ing tha base­ ment story, which i s entered by two doors on the north aide, and lighted by 18 windows, 2 lig h ts each, 16x13'* glass slaeu This story is intended foe* the furnaces and fu el fo r heating the building.

The rubble work ia capped with a w atearable o f cut sandaten®. The b e lt courses, entrance stops, ana window s i ll s are also of cut sandstone, making over 1000 f t . of cut stone. The w alls fraa the water-table to the height of 2nd story are o f brick.

The corners are ornauentad with quoins of briek, stained in imi­ tation o f Milwaukee brick, and the w a lls stained a cherry red. .....T h e brick work i s crowned with a bracket com ice. Above this ccsaes the mansard, roof, th© aides o f which are covered with fancy roofing slate, and the too with tin .

There are 4 entrance doors to the 1st story, 2 on north aide and 2 on south. ...The doers are each 5x3 f t . , circle-head, with d e a d lift s of 27x55a g la ss. Therai s one door leading fraa the ivings to each school i' ocq. The 1st atory ia lighted by 24 windows, circle-lsead, 3 lig h ts each, of 16x26“ glass. There are folding, doers beyweea 2 o f the rooms o f this and 2nd story also . By folding these, the back rooms can b , thrown into cane for the purpose cf lectures, exhibitions, etc.

The wings each contain 2 ample flig h ts o f stairs - one starting fro® each outside entrance, winding each way, and landing together on the 2nd flo o r, and fraa. thcac® yo the 3rd story. The stairways are enclosed underneath, forming wardrobes, so arranged that there need be no confusion casing in or going out.

The 2nd story is lighted by 22 windcam, segment heads, 8 lig h ts each, of 16x12“ g la ss.......... The 3rd story i3 lighted by dormsr windows, which are ornamented with brackets, sc ro lls, etc. 'They are 8 lig h ts of 16x21 glass® A ll sash, except has ament, are balanced with weights. Glass thraighettfc la og the beat imerican double stren gth .... A ll the recce and stairways are wainscoted and all the window® supplied with inside blinds. A ll the exterior wood work la sanded with white sand, and the in terior weed work i s grained oak.

The p la sterin g i s white hard finish® Blackboards are put up between a l l the windows in each rocm . . . . .

By the above, i t w ill be seen that- the ROLLA PUBLIC SCHOOL. HOGAB* when cogspie ted, w ill have but feat, superiors in the State in point, o f architectural beauty, convenience, and fin ish .

1

PHOTO OF ROLLA BUILDIPG

\

- 26 -

c *H

Minnie

-a

A New_Facult^7_F£r_Ye_ar 1871-72.- On August 10, 1871, the School Board dropped Amos Richardson as prin cipal o f Rolla public schools, and employed P rof.

Fred S. Wood, o f Chariton, Iowa, in his place, at $100 per month. The s ta ff for Q) O the 1871-72 year included these: ...P rin c ip a l, Fred S. Wood, at $100 per month. £ o F irst assistant, Mrs Fred S. (M aryE .) Wood, at $40 per month; t . .Second assistant ou Nevins, at $30; / and fo r H Miss Mary E. Wilson, at $35 J 3rd assistant, Miss Mary Cx-. the negro school, Miss Eunice E. Comstock, at $40 per month. . . .School was s t i l l © 8 te**- tOli i t /* *7 > hejd in the old Commissary Building, 9th and Elm. This arrangement was disrupted in March of 1872, when exhaustion of school fimds closed the school. For a short time, P rof, and Mrs. Wood trie d t o conduct a private "s e le c t" school in the new building, but fa ile d . They then l e f t Rolla fo r their old home in Iowa. (A p r il 4, 1872). P rof. Campe and Miss Flounce Whiting had teen added to the s t a ff - in the new building - as February o, 1872 .

Board Promulgate£ General Rules, for_ .School.- In October of 1871, the Board esta b lid ied these rules for government cf Rolla schools: ( l ) The Superintendailt was t o have charge of, and be the "p rin cip al" o f the HIGH_SGi00L, . . . ( 2 ) Teachers must be in th e ir rooms 15 minutes before class time, so as to make reports, watch foom temperature and v e n tila tio n . Thqy must maintain crder, and use the school books ordered by the Board. Pupils could be o f any age from 5 to 21 years, ani must be "w hite". Pupils must furnish books and supplies, must NOT carry firearms, and MUST be clean. ( By order of C.G.Bland, president, C.G.Woody, secreta ry).

'Reading £ f_ lte _ B ib le . - A few patrons o f the School objected to the reading o f the B ible in classrooms. The Board s p lit 3 to 3 on a decision, but fin a lly .decided that parents 'who objected to having th eir children so read to could have the\children excused - but they would in that case be marked "tardy". (RH Jan 4,1872) The Teachers__Institut_e_of A p ril 18-20, _1371.~ On A p ril 13 to 20, 1871, a third Teachers' In stitu te was held in R olla. The l i s t of those present was this?

Rolla te achers: Prin cipal A. J.Richards on ..Mrs Richardson Miss Flora Whiting « .

Mis s j VJhiting ..Miss Mary Nevins .. and Miss E lla VanDeren..Tha 3£ £rom_elsewhare uev. J.C.H. Hobbs, P rof. L.A. Dunlap ..Rev. J.S. Frazier . . Dr. S.H. Headlee . , B.F. Fryer . . Sam Gourley . . B.F. Clark .. Dr. J.C. Alexander . . Mrs Maggie Peters ( R o lla 1 s f i r s t public school teacher ) . . Miss Daught E Kern . . Miss N e llie F r iz z e ll.

Miss M ollie Hudson .. Miss M.C. Hamilton .. Miss Emma Coughlin . .Miss..Sarah Burns and Miss l i z z i e Emerson. ....Some o f these became very w ell known as R o lla 's teachers, and those of St. James.

22-23 • • » Teachers^ In stitu te of_Novsmber .1,871.- The printed record states that this was the FIFTH cf such In stitu tes held in R o lla . We have mentioned, with this one, only four. ...The particular occasion of this meeting was the dedication o f the new Rolla Public School House, which was now finished and ready fo r use. Some 35 teachers were present, among which were R o lla 8s superintendent, Fred S. Woodm and his w ife, Mary E. Public school was s t i l l conducted in the old Commissary Building, and would not occupy the new building u n til January 1st, 1872. ^ The In s titu te convened and finished most of it s business' on Wednesday, Nov. 22. This was because, . on the next day, November 23, there was to be a two-fold dedication: (a ) Dedication cf the New Building for school purposes; and (b ) Opening and dedication of the ^ fiU g ^ o f Mines and M etallurgy.

These exercises were presided over by/Hon. E lija h Perry in the morning session. In i t .resid en t Daniel R eady^f Missouri University, inducted Prof. Charles P. Williams in to o ffic e as D irector cf the School Mines. An evening,session was held in the Rolla Methodist Church. The d e ta ils o f these meetings ir e recorded in our History cf Missouri School of Mines and Metallurgy, so we do not repeat them. here.

27 dis souri School o f Mines C o k e s To Holla - Changes Rolla Schc•ol Prog;ram.A fter three years o f contention, the Mis souri Legislature passed an Act, approved

by Governor J.W. McClurg, on February 24, 1870. I t provided for a "School of Mines and Metallurgy" which would be a d ivisio :. o f the University of Missouri, but which would be esta o lid ied in some county cf southeast Missouri, To be e lig ib le to bid fo r location of the school, the county had to have active mines - which Phelps county had at Maramec Iron Works. That county which offered the most in cash, land, and other property could have the school.

Five counties entered bids. The Madison county bid was thrown out because irregu la r and inadequate. The electo rs of Washington and St. Francois counties rejected the proposition at the p o lls . Iron and Phelps counties were l e f t to com­ pete. With its bid cf $130,500, Phelps County won over Iron County with it s bid of $113,500. Of the Phelps county bid, $75,000 were in bonds, which were la te r voided because not submitted to the voters. The U niversity curators form ally located the School in Rolla on December 8 , 1870. Missouri Legislature confirmed the location on March 10, 187L. The_ School_cf_ Mine_s ls_0pened.- Impatient because of seeming delay, Rolla citizen s demanded"*action. The university curators responded bp Aiigust 25, 1371, bv e le c tin g Prof. Charles P. Williams, of Pennsylvania and Delaware, as D irector and head of the school. Now they would bpen the school — but how, and where? Tbs founding Act had not provided for buildings, nor cash for operation. Interest on the^ bond issue provided keagre funds. In such circumstances, somebody proposed that 61 the new Public School Building was much larger than needed for the public schools as o f R olla. Why not rent the two upper rooms fo r use of the School o f flines? The^ U} idea je lle d ; The public school would use only the ground flo o r . _P‘ , v ' -- -t*’ ’ c& 1 -5 With temporary headquarters thus assured, Director WilXL-aJns assembled the very f i r s t class on November 6, 1871. In i t was one g i r l j-and twelve boys gathered! in from Rolla and surrounding farms. Under D irector Wil l i ams, school a ffa ir s move< smoothly up to the end of the public school term in May or June of 1375. The f i r s t class to graduate included three boys - John Pack, Gustavus Duncan, and John Holt. They got engineering degrees an June 18, 1874.

Meantime, in 1872, the curators had caused plans to be drawn for an. $85,000 School cf Mines building to be located on Fort Wyman h i l l , south cf R olla. .Ury A.E.Dye, o f Salem, who had b u ilt the "R olla Building", contracted to build the Fort Wyman bu ilding. He had gathered together his tools, b u ilt construction sheds, opened a stone quarry, and dressed some foundation stone iien the Curators iOKiilunaipf«ISySdsumcasrilyrvoided his contract. Funds to pay fo r the work were not in sigfrt. Also, rumors arose thkt the $75,000 county bond issue was i l l apH could be voided — because, the ele ctcsrate,.had not voted on them, In fa ct, suit was successfully brou^it to void the bonds - and Missouri Supreme Court declared them so in 1874» What would the School now do?

School, of Mine3 Moves To__Pra sent_Campus . —/There seemed to be but one solution. By consent cf Rolla c ity o f fic ia ls and prominent c itize n s , i t was de­ cided that the R olla school-building wfcuM be sold to the University curators fo r $25,000 - payment being cade in fiv e -installments. The plan was adopted but i t meant that Rolla public schools would have to move back in to the old Com­ missary building, 9th and Elm streets. That move -found thef f a l l opening o f Rolla a schools in the old building. „

- 28 The_R£lla_3£ho°lsJL_ 1872_to 1375•- We have already said that H olla 's public school opened in the new R olla Building bn January IS, -1372. The s t a ff on that date included P rof, and Mrs Fred S. Wood, and the Misses Mary Wilson ..Mary Nevins.. and Florence W hiting. By February, P rof. Campe, who had been brought in bo teach at the School o f Mines, was added. Then disaster descended. The public school fund was exhausted, and school had to close. Prof, and Mrs. Wood returned to th eir home in Iowa. Thera was no more public school froinldate o f suspension March 7, 1872, u n til opening of the f a l l term. Under Prof. Wood, an excellen t school had been conducted.

The Year 1872-73.- Luman F. Parker, la te r the ch ief counsel for the Frisco railroa d , was public school prin cipal for th is term. At close of the term, he entered the study and practice o f law, and abandoned teaching. His teaching s t a ff included these: Whiting- Neviri3 - Wilson ? -

The Year 1173-71. - For this term - -which was lim ited to four months, begin­ ning the f i r s t Monday in September, the Board ele c d the fo llow in g: Prin cipal, "'Miss Jennie Winters ...F ir s t Assistant, Miss M.H. Clark; ...Second Assistant, . Miss Jennie Deane.. .F irs t Primary, Miss(MTS^Whiting ...Second Primary, Miss E lla NVan Deren. tJ> 2 2 h /.$ \ The Year 1874-75 ( the la s t in t h e ^ ^ ^ ^ u i l d i n g ) » - Prin cipal, Miss Jennie ' Winters . . . F i r s t Assistant, Miss M.C. Whiting . . . Second Assistant, Miss _Amie__^ Jiume.... Primary, Miss E lla VanDeren. George H. Richardson taught the Negro school.

- The"1825-76 T e a r.( Back in the Commissary B u ild in g ).- The Board now hired C. B. Isham as P rin cip a l. Miss Minnie G. Whiting had charge cf the "intermediate” .to grades. . .Miss Sarah Minium the F ir s t Prim ary.. .Miss Mary Van Warmer the Second cv Primary, and John 0. J effreys, him self a most capable negro, ttsaugnth the Negro school. ...Due to delay in refurnishing the old Commissary building, school opening +3 was delayed u n til the fir s t Monday in October, 1375. ' Qi CO The Year_lS76~77.~ The Board at f i r s t hired P rof.

J.M. Butler, cf Dyersburg, C ■Tennessee? as“ Prin cipal - at $70 per month. However, he decided not to come - so in his place the Board Jiired Mrs C. N. F lin t. V* .Miss jiinijie u. ^/hiting taught the per month...The "kisses^Belle Huyette and Uarj VanWonaer, re s o e c tiv e ly , taught f ir s t and second primary, at sa la ries of $30 per month.

Jrhn 0. J effrey s , a most capable teacher, had charge of "Lincoln School" for negrcs.

M rsTTH n t, characterized as » a capable teacher" drew a salary af f 7 _5 _per month-. bar 1377'TGir1 Thir ^tt" ■nni,« t*c n r .-.n—.ws ^ ^ D ir e c tc a ^ s .tte Schoolof b A l e f t the SchoolX id\ft‘o f . Chas. E/ Wart came in hife la ce ./?Gnde\Prof . Wait, y ^ h o o k c f Mines p o lic ie s obliged consMerablyXthus laving some e f f e c t on public sdhobi procedural. . . . . bfrs. C J tf/ ("J J l . y Faint ontdnued as Prin cipal /.Miss Minnib^C. Whiting in charge cf ylnternBdiate{,\ . . / charga of F ir s w and Mary VanNWon jr. ibs Mfsses B elle yld Second, Primal r!

Some pupil s ta tis tic s - with "teacher loads" for this year have much in te re s t. There were, this year, 300 children of school age in R o lla . As or September 7, when school opened, Mrs F lin t in the "Grammar Dept." had 24 pupils.

Miss Whiting in Intermediate had 34. Miss Huyette in F irst irim ary had 40 . . ard Mis s Van Wormer in Second Primary had 60 l The t o ta l was 153. . . . By February cf 1377 the pupils in attendance had increased as fo llo w s: There were 108 white boys, 1 1 7 white g ir ls , 26 negro boys, and 37 negro g ir ls , for a to ta l *The Year 1377- 73. -This year was notable because P rof. C.P.Williams . resigned as D irector cf the School o f Mires, and was succeeded by Prof. Chas. E. School o f Mines management and p o lic ie s la id down by the curators were changed considerably, in some measure a ffe c tin g H o lla 's p u b lic school 3' . . .

In tte public s c h o o l , Miss Emma Whitaker succeeded Mrs. F lin t as P rin c ip a l. ^ ( Go to page 29)

28

(a )

In sert on page 23

D is tr ic t Prssidents Choose Text Books.- In January, 1875, seventeen presidents o f Phelps County school d is tr ic ts met and chose textbooks to be used in county schools fo r the next fiv e years. The source or author, together 'with the subject covered by the texts, were as fo llo w s : Independent: S p eller — "Barnes'" reader books — C h ild's Script S p eller.

Ra;v' s Arithmetic ...W ills o n 's Primary Charts.

Swinton's_: School Composition — Language Lessons - 'Word Analysis.

C lark 's: Graasnar . . . . . . S te e le 's : Natural Science.

E c le c tic : Penmanship . . . . . Ridpath's: H isto ry .. . .F ic k lin 's : Algebra.

In previous yeaie,. tbs McGuffy Headers bad been used’. The Barnes' series was new adopted instead.

m

a

- 29 Miss Minnie Whiting continued in "interm ediate".. .Hiss B elle Huyette had the Second primary , and Miss Mary Van Warmer the F ir s t. John 0. J effrey s continued at Lincoln School for negros......... In October, 1877, Miss Ida Smith was hired as an assistant teacher. the S ta tis tic s are in cf in ter e sb. In the Grammar department ( i . "high school" ), Miss Whitaker had 25 pupils. Miss Whiting in "intermediate" had 5 5 ..* .Miss Huyette in F irst Primary tad 55 • • and Miss VanWormer in Second Primary had 75 •• ...M r. J effreys, at Lincoln School, had 62......... What would modern teachers do ■with classes as large as these ???

The Year_1378-29. - For this term, the Board elected Miss B elle W. Huyette as P rin cip a l and head cf the Grammar School. Miss Maggie F in ley had the F irst Intermediate, Miss Sarah Minium the Second Intermediate. Miss Mary VanWormer taugjit the Primary . . and John 0. J effreys the Lincoln School.

For this same term at the School o f Mines, a department of "preparatory studies" was in itia te d , and 46 students were enrolled in i t . This meant that many who otherwise would have pursued the "Grammar Department" courses in public school — equivalent to high school work — thus l e f t the public school to enter the School o f Mine s^prep. department. This p o lic y continued throughout the Wait administration, 1877 to 1888. Thus, up to the end of the 1884-85 term, same 220 students had taken this M.S.M. "prep" course.

For such reasons, the School Board now formulated these p o lic ie s : (a ) The teacher in charge of the "Grammar Department" (high school work) should continue as head of the public school . . but that from now (June, 1878) no more studies that are higher than the Grammar subjects shall be taught. Which meant u as actually happened, that students who otherwise would have enrolled in such "Grammar Depart­ ment” now entered the "prep" department ,of the School cf Mines. This state of a ffa ir s continued u n til 1893, when the School of Mines abolished its preparatory vsorfc and the public school had to provide for a l l high school work.

The Year 1879-80.- For th is Jrear, iracBoard decreed an eigh t month term.

For P rin cip a l, they hired Capts H. W. Gox, at a salary of $55 per month. His room was-designated as "No. 1". . . . For Room 2, Miss B elle W. Huyette, who bad. been p rin cip a l the previous year, was hired at $30 per month. She refused to serve at the reduced salary, so in her place the Board hired Miss L e t it ia Gallaher, vb.o was destined to r e a lly make R olla school h istory. ...F o r Room 3, Maggie Finley was chosen at $30 per month... Room 4 was placed in chargp of Miss Sarah Minium at $30 per month. Miss Mary VanWormer had Room 5 at $30 per month. And John 0. Jeffreys taught Lincoln School fo r $35 per month. . . . I t appears that the Board for this year was "economy minded". They reversed the p o licy of the preceding year by decreeing that sous cf the "higher branches" GOULD be taught by the Prin cip al.

Th_e_Ye_ari 1830131.- For this year, the Board re-hired Gapt. H.W. Gox as .P rin cip al — but he resigned to teach mathematics at the School of Mines - so M illa rd Godwin was elected in his place, to preside over Room l.M Iss L e t it ia Gallaher had Room .2 . .Maggie Finley Room 3 . . Sarah Minium Room 4 . • and Mary Van Warmer Room 5 (prim ary). John 0. J effreys continued at Lincoln School. . . .

But ‘f p r the second term, room assignments had changed so that Miss F in ley had Room 2 . . Miss Minium Room 3* .Miss Gallaher Room 4, and Room 5 Miss VanWormer.

This_was_the_lnst ter mjsver taughtJLn the old. Gomnlssary_Buildin£ - ^ I c h was destroyed by_fir_e _on_July 4th, _1831.

The_GJ^ a t _ Rolla _F ire Of_July 4th,_l881.- On the evening o f July 4th, 1831, a group o f H olla’ s high ly respectable young men gathered on Pine street between 7th and 3th streets, and decided to celebrate by f i r i n g some rockets.^ One of these l i t on the ro o f o f a boarding house located ori^south side cf ^8th street, h a lf way from Pine street to the Frisco ra ilro a d . A brisk wind quickly^fanned ^ the spark o f the rocket in to a raging flame. This soon spread to buildings Dotn west and east, and also across the street from Pine to the railcoa d . The irenzied e ffo r t s o f the R clla Fire Brigade were fr u itle s s . Their main equipment was a hand pump drawing water from a cistern at 8 th and Pine, ifnen the men gave up, Miss Lola Shaw and another woman manned the pump. They, too, had to d esist.

- 30 The next morning, a i l tie business houses on both sides cf 8th s tre e t, from Pine stre e t to the ra ilro a d , were just p ile s of smoke, ashes and rubbish. One bu ildin g, only, escaped - and that was the brick building at immediate southeast corner of 8th and Pine. Along with the res t, the h is to r ic warehouse of Faulkner and Graves was consumed, along w ith the old public school Commissary Building.

The damage was w e ll nigh irrep a rab le. What would the schools now do? ...F o r one thing, they would NOT re-open fcr the 1881-82 term. Such students as were so minded could attend the private school conducted by Miss E llen VanDeren - or go to the School of Mines, i f old enough and e l i g i b le .

Some_ii^S£eliane_ous_Fina^n£ial_Reports,-1873-139Pj;,- The fo llo w in g scattered school fin an cial reports have some in te re s t:

Date Receiota Nov.18,1873 § 9 , 018.80 Apr.15,1880 7,382.62 Apr 12, 1883 9,160.57 1^945.19 Jan 17,1884 ,, 2,242.01 Jan .15,1885 3,350.66 July 17,1890 5,160.20

Expenses $9,270.58 5,400.72 6,502.92 1,884.43 1,980.86 2,765.15 4,156.66

Value cf Property Board Balance D e fic it D is t r ic t School Secretary ............. $251.78 ........................................... . $1,981.90 ........ $395,025 ...........

H.Wood 2,657.65 ........................... $16,714.80 H Wood 60.76 (Gen.Fund) ........................................

261.15 (Bldg & In terest Fund) ........

745.51 .........................

16,714.80 ______ _ 1,003.54 ..... ....... .......

M.Godwin

Mar.28, 1878 ...S ch o o l resources, to ta l, $32,689.22 . . Debts $40,350.00 June 22,1382 . . Catholic School has 24 pu pils. Teacher, Agnes Nana M itch ell.

Apr.18,1832 . . School $$ Rept. &. pupil attendance. Figures omitted. ......

Central Scho o l B u ild ing I s Constructed . . .

( See page 3 1 )

H.Wood.

31 Central Sehool_Building_ i s_6£nstrue_tdd.- With the old Commissary 3uilding now gone up in smoke, the town, faced the question of "What sh all we now do?" Tie old building had stood behind stables and saloons. There should be found a b e tte r s it e . And on i t - what kind of a building should be erected ?

To get the answers from the q u a lifie d voters, the School Board arranged a special e le c tio n for May 17, 1831, The vote was taken on two d iffe r e n t questions.

Three s ite s were voted on, and they got the follow in g votes: ( l ) The old Theatre Building, on $ot between 5th and 6th, Main and Park streets, 183 votes; (2) The Isham block, between 7th and 8th, O live and Cedar streets, 3,2 votes; and the M illard block, 13 votes. That se ttle d the question of s it e .

The second question was "What cost do you favor?" ( l ) a building costing Art,000.00; or (2 ) costing $6,000.00 . The vote qas 218 fo r the $ V $6,000, vhich s e ttle d the type o f building - which would be o f brick.

With cbangsd s ite decided upon, the Board on July 21, 1881, sold the old commissary Lot at 9th and Elm to F.C.W. Owen for $151*00.

K.H.Hobenschild, of Rolla, wac now chosen as a rch itect. Prelim inary plans drew much critic is m , but d iffe r e nces were f in a lly ironed out. Sets o f the plans are not presen tly a vailab le, and we can only estimate dimarsLons by inspection o f a good photograph o f the completed bu ildin g. Thus, we estimate the flo o r plan to have been, some 42jrieet in dimension on north face, flanking the south Line cf 6th s tr e e t. The depth cf building was some 36 fe e t . This provided fo r^ e id it* rooms o f the two story bu ildin g. On both flo o r s , a central hall/?2H from6I r rjoor ( on north fa ce ) back to the rear (south) wall.On each side of the h a ll!were .oors^]which rooms could be pairs o f rooms some 18x19 fe e t in dimen si on, j both changed in to a single large room by suitable partition , construction.. pairs of two-sash Taking the northwest quarter o f the building lo r examr windows were inserted in north and west w a lls. The three other quarters haris s im ila rly arranged pairs of windows. The second flo o r hallway had sim ilar windows, fron t and rear, while the f i r s t flo o r had such a window at tbe rear, but entrance door in fron t ( north face, adjacent to 6th s t r e e t ).

The r o o f was covered with s la te . As n early as we can estimate, the fro n t and re sections were b u ilt on 1/3 pitch, givin g a height at center of 12 fe e t . The ends were steeper, estimated t o be on h a lf pitch. This resulted in ah east-viest. ridge at apex some 20 fe e t long, w ith ro o f b u ilt on a "h ip" plan.

The w alls next to fron t door were set out from the main face by somethinco l i k e 1 fo o t, and this port' on cf w all had a triangu lar apex with 60 degree slopes m A _ _ iil A fla g s t a ff was raised from the apex. The b risk wege ^home made" in R olla.

The Progress Of Construction.- By June 9thfbhe old "Theatre Building" had been wrecked - as the town ed itor said, i t was now "classedjwith teings_tha_t cnce_were" .

ito be completed by December 1, j 188:1 v) ( that actually happened on Feb. 4,188;21, Foundation work started July 14, 1881, and was ready fo r b ric k August 18.

Brick work started Sept. 6, and the slate ro o f was being la id November 10. The ordered that same day, cost $790 . 00 . The new b e ll came on reeks anc October 20. Construction was f u l l y completed on February 4, 1882 (Saturday), on which day a rch itect Hohenschild reported the t o t a l cost as $8,61^.00, B ull ing is Dedicated^ SchoolJ3p.ened, Jlonday^_February 6,__1882.- School new opensc on Mondayj February 6, 188'2 - there lavin g been none since the end o f the ich speeches were made spring term of 1881. There were dedication ceremonies at by these man: C.C. Bland — E.YJ.Bishop — Joseph Campbell — Cyrus H. Frost — H.H. Hohenschild - and M illard Godwin, the school superintendent........... The incumbent school Board, A p r il 1881 to A p ril, 1882, under which the" foregoing construction took place, included the fo llo w in g : Joseph Campbell (p re s id e n t). .Henry Wood (s e c y .)— are.; U *U( ivauiiman.

John Hardin Horatio Herbert :.H.Frost (tre a s .

The new school opened on Monday, February 6th, 1882,w The fo llo w in g were the teachers - and tbe number o f pupils each is. shown thus:

- 32 per mo.

Mil HJLiard Godwin, Pr in cip a l /.. 36 L e t it la Gallaher Maggie F in ley .. salary #62.50

-S a laries-of a l l these, § 32 .5 0 oer mo.

42 Sarah Minium.........

Ida S m ith ...................... 31 Mary VanWormer ..............71

Ths_18S2 ._Grp.£uation In _Q e«tral_su ild & ig.- We have not, so fa r , d is c o v e r t any record o f graduation exercises previous to this one. Hcsvever, it__i:3 the ver^ f i r s t one held subsequent to build5ng. Central School. e DO have the program, which was as fo llo w s ! (Reported in Rolla H* fo r Thursday, June 22, 1882). Exercises were held at 8 o 'clo c k P.M. Song: "Welcome** ......... ...............By the School Opening address ................ .

Miss Emma Cleino R ecitation : "Never Give Up" . . . Eddie Bishop R ecita tion : "Popping ;he Question" ...N ora H i l l Pie The Quarrel cf Brutus & Cassius.. .Eddie Lepper and C Connubial Controversy . . . . . . . . Ida M ille r German R ecitation .................... Freddie Seele R ecitation : "Hot Jennie Came Home" . . . Lenora Stern "Meteor’i - ^ - . ....... .......................W ellie Hardin Song: "Sweet Ros e s Tha t ?Fither .

Charade: "Petroleum" . . . . . . . .

R ecitation : "We Reap What We Sow" . . . L iz z ie Harrison R ecitation : " Who'd be a boy again" . . . . Frank Ryker R ecitation : The Polish B o y ...............Lucy Morse R ecitation : " The Best Cot in P e r il" . . . Eddie Harriscaa Bessie Gallaher R ecitation : "Torn" .................. .

R ecitation : " The Lord of Burleigh" . . . Flora Scott R ecitation : " The Christian Maiden Sc The Lion" . . . I ulu Hall.

Charade . . "Dandelion" [da M ille r ray's Farewell* bray Re cits, t i on: R ecitation : "Jennie McNeal* s Ride" .....H a t t ie Manoin .

Tableau: » GOODNIGHT" ............. .

NOTE

There is some reason to think that this graduation program was held in the "POWELL HALL" - second flo o r o f Powell Bldg., at N.W. corner o f 6th and Pine stre e ts . I t MAY HAO_Bn_&N i

I - 33 5TUMATEP DIMENSIONS OF CENTRAL SCHOOL

33. a LAIR.y. MANN Df / S L ASr ew street RCti|_A. MISSOURI 65401

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Construction_of Lincoln School^ 1832^- During the period 1372-75, while the "white" school convened in the " R oll a~Bui M in g", the negro school occupied the old Commissary Building, at 9th and Elm streets. When the white schpol.re-occupied the Commissary building, the Negro school had to be held in the old-Itobt.Case "lallcw House", immediate southwest corner o f 3rd and Main streets. With the Commissary building now gone, i t was deemed expedient to construct a building for the Negro school. The Board, consisting of Messrs. Wood..Kauffman..Herbert .. Hardin ..Campbell and Frost .. ( Campbell the president), had plans drawn by H.H.Hohenschild on a L& commission b a sis. Lot 4 of Block 11,. Original Town, atgimmediate nprtireast ccrner of 2nd and :■ ■ ■ ■ ^■ 4 Pine streets, was purchased o f John Kennedy.JpR$Bi^t'^£aw^Sfferecl to build the school^ ' fo r $1,297«50. By August 3, ,.the:c ontract was signed, the building to be-completed by November 1. a;--..i-fnThe buildings was of native Holla brick, one story in height, main, roam 24 x 36 fe e t . The entrance•ve 3 tibule,. on west end o f main building, measured fe e t . .In each wall,;;:'horth. and .south, there-.were inserted three-., double-sash windcRs«*^':-v& Circular windows werey placed -in ' north and south, w alls of vestibu le. The bulletin fronted to the west, facing Pine s tr e e t. The ' building was complete -by Novemiber-9t4s^S^||| and school opened on Monday, December 4,. 1382. . ( Sea photo and sketch on page 35 }..

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- 36 R o ll G all cf Teachers and Events. 1832-1900.- Having now provided new buildings fo r both white and Negro pupils, and having named the teaching s t a ff which f i r s t u t iliz e d the new Central School, we can trace events ffcm 1882 on up to 1893, when a R olla High School had to be provided, because the School of Mines that year discontinued it s "Prep Course", which R o lla students attended f o r th eir high school in stru ctio n .

The_ S_chool_Year 1882-33^.- We repeat the teacher s t a ff fo r th is year, so as to have in condensed space, a] ] who taught in Central School. ...M illa r d Godwin was P rin c ip a l. Other teachers were L e t i t ia Gallaher *. Maggie F in ley ... Juli a Demuth.

Mary VanWormer, and - Ida Smith.

The 1383^34 Year._- P r c f. J.M. Morris, who had been professor cf physics a t the School o f iMines, found him self without a job when the U n iversity Cum tears abolished the physics chair a t the School. He was elected P rin cip a l of the Rolla. schools at $75 per month.:. L e titia . (" P e t " ) Gallaher headed the "Grammar School".: .

Other teachers were Maggie- Finley ...Julia Demuth ..Id a Smith . « and. Mary VanWormer..- • P ro f. J .O .J e ffr ie s - an ex cep tio n a lly good negro teacher, conducted Lincoln school.- .-.\ Miss Lucy'tMensaCwas^hire d as an extra teacher, in December, 1833. ... .School dossed 88’ on or about May 8, 1884.. k . ' j Year 1384-85. - The Board elected P r o f.R .G . Sinks ad as P rin c ip a l, in. 'pLaic»^01 |o f P r o f. J.M? M orris. MisslEfcA .H e ll'to ok the place o f L e t i t ia G allaher, at head o f •!;’ the "Grammar S ch ool". The other teachers were the Misses Julia Demuth..Ida. L„. Smith .

Mary Van Wormer . . and N.A. M itch ell, who had joined the s t a ff (Rosas. 3) in February,;..

1885. J.O .Jeffreys had Lincoln School. , > '' Year_jL88^-86. - J.H. Strine took the place o f P r o fK in k s a d as P r in c ip a ls : Miss E. A. H e ll continued as head o f the Grammar School. (E s te lla K e l l ) «, . . . The. other teachers were the Misses N .A .M itch ell . . Julia Demuth . . Ida L. Smith ... and Mary • Van "/former. J.O. J e ffre y s taught the Lincoln School.

The school population in each ream of Central was this on N ov.5,1885: Rm 5.

L «* Lfrix « Rm 1 P rin cip a l J.H .Strine . . 43 p u p ils, 53 Rm 6 . Mary WasSiomter' . . . . ?G Grammar School Miss. Ksil48 Nena M itch ell .......... . . . 3 9 ( This was primary* Rm) Line oln School, J .O .J effrey s . . . . . . 67.

J u lia Demuth . . . . . . . . . . 76 (Miss H e ll re s ig n s ! by Jan 14,1886) Content of Curriculum. 1885-86.R°_os_6A_ Primary;.- Reading, sp ellin g , "plus whatever e ls e the teach er-elects to a Reading, sp ellin g , mental arithm etic, sounds o f le t t e r s , c a p ita l tea ch "........Room 5 le t t e r s , punctuation, slate ex ercises. . . . .Roam_J+.~ Reading, mental arithm etic, w ritten - •; arithm etic, s p e llin g ,' w ritin g , punctuation, abbreviations, sbunds o f l e t t e r s , c a p ita l l e t t e r s , elementary geography. . . . . Roan__3.— Reading, w ritin g , s p e llin g , punctuation, :er sounds, c a p ita l le t t e r s , arithm etic, geography. . . . . Room 2. — Reading, s p e llin g ^ p ra c tic a l arith m etic, advanced geography, w ritin g , grammar,.rules fear, sp e llin g , ,,.

I punctuation, abbreviations, c a p ita l le t t e r s ,, w ritten ;:coiapositI:Qni.||S| The work of-Room. 1, under-principal, .covered two years,, supposed to>. high school work. This wax the content:-- First, t e m .- R e a d in g ,w r it in g , ^ - 4 * arith m etic, geography, grammar. ...2nd Term,—.English a n alysis,- U.3 «NHi.atory, composition, punctuation, abbreviation, -sound . of le t t e r s • Reading, Grammar, Book-keeping, w ritten 'composition, werd and English analysis-, ® • j 2nd T e m .- Review and D r i l l ex ercises in a ll. branches sc f a r physiology, hygiene. m taught, plus w ritten composition. ' • ' ■ . -v -IVt,.

The_ Year_1386~37.- The s t a f f of teachers, room they had,, and pupils fo r each are as follow sL ■ : w— - 5-\ ' . Rm 1 (P r in c ip a l) J.H .Strine- ..40 p u p i l s . Id s Rm 2 (Grammar) W.S.Perkins .-. 45 6-*44' Mary|VanWormer ...

Rm 3 , ,Nena A. M itc h e ll . . . . . 47 was-i'pdmaryKpr .E ffie M organ.........

57 'V .*';Lin'doln .J iO iJ e ffre ys - i. 65 l l l l M Rm T ota l en rolled 1 • 324 white . . . . 65 negro. . ; v ,. v W M rn m m m

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The Year_1337-88.- For some reason, there appears to hare been quite a "shake-up" in fa c u lty fo r th is year. The Beard consisted o f Henry Bedace, ..T.D .Sm ith ..

Thos J. Jones . . George L. Love . . Joseph Campbell and Chas. Strcibach, Sr. These teachers -were e le c te d in Jure,1887, and tau^it the f i r s t term, o f tne year: Rm 1 .- (P r in c ip a l) P ro f. R.C.Barnard, of K ir k s v ille , atv$75 per month..

He had 24 p u p ils.

Rm 2 .- (Grammar) "TJk.Hanrahan,afcf R olla, at $35 per month. . . . . . 4 7 pupils Rm 3 .- Miss Laura S ib le y , of St.Lou is, at $32.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1 Rm 4 .- Miss S a lly Pinson, of DeSotc, at $32.50. She p resen tly resigned and Cara Maupin, s is te r of Mrs L.F.Parker [ replaced h e r ................. ................................. .

50 pupils Rm 5*— Ida Smith (resigned Dec 24, replaced by Mrs Beckwith Wilson . a t . $32.50. ............................

51 pupils ; Rm 6 . - Mary VanWormer ( Primary) a t .$35.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

75 pupils Lincoln S c h o o l* ... J.O.. J e ffre y s , at $40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7 T o ta l p u p ils, white -..' 275 . . Negro . . . ? .-'**7} As- of A p r il 26, 1888, the s t a f f had changed ~ there appears ta hare been quite an upset. The "outside teachers" have e ith e r resigned or have been discharged.

This i a the s t a f f fo r the second term, 1887-88: P rin c ip a l, Barnard. The other teachers: Minnie Morgan . . Daisy H arrison*.

Mamie ("M ary") Donahoe . . Annie Totsch . . Libb ie York .Annie Leppsr . . and fo r Lincoln School, J.O. J e ffr e y s .

1 The_ Yesr_1888-~89.~ There wareyyet other changes made f o r the 1888489^yaasrv f Rooms, taahhES‘?, and s a la rie s were these; -' 1 Rm 1 .- (P r in c ip a l) R.E. Barnard at $75 per month , > Rm 2 .- Miss Laura S ib ley, a t $35 Rm 3 «- Cora Maupin, at $32.50 ’ ••• v'‘ ;h;‘(A Rm 4 .- Mr3 Claude Jamison, a t $32.50 Rm 5 »- Lenora Sterns, at $32.50 Rm 6 .- J u lia Dunivin, atv$32.50 Rm 7*~ Mary VanWormer, at $35*00 Lincoln School, J .0 . J e ffre y s , a t $40 per month. :‘ The Year_18o2y9Ch_- Rm. 1 .- P ro f. 3 .T . Hubbard came from Y x r k s v ille .

Rm 2 .- Xbrammar) Mrs C.D. Jamison Rm 3c— Cera Maupin ,1’ Rm 4 .- Bertha Brucher Rm 5 .~ Lenora Stern (resigned,' replaced by L iz z ie H ariasaa)« i . pjp. 6 .- Ju lia Dunivin . . :iRm 7 .- Mary VanWormer ( Prim ary). . . : Lincoln School . . J.O. J e ffr e y s . ( His la s t year at L in c o ln }*.

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K b Year_1890-2X*“ The School Board fo r th is year consisted c£ Messrs. ' - ‘ W illiam Pauls e l l . . T.D .Smith F .3 .Dowd- . . A lb ert Neuman.

J.P.Kaine . . and, ear-1y in the. year, M illa r d Godwinf;' Modwin resigned as board member to become school'; “• P r in c ip a l* Wra.“ Pierce? place fa r a short, time, then moved frern Ro l l a *' |.";41 Joseph Poole fin ish ed tfreir term. To s ta r t this year, the s t a ff; was as fo llo w a t._Rm 1 .— P rin c ip a l, M illa rd Godwin ..

Rm 5«.-.Emma Cleirw*. ^ p / **?'%*£$ . Rm 2 .- Cora Maupin •• . -47 A Hm '6*— J u liaB u n iviiL v"f. i j , Rm.3.- Mrs Claude Jamison ' 1 1 Bm 7*-*5(P ria a ry ) .Mary > Rm.4.~ Bertha Brucher • W . f j L in c o ln *-’ P r o f. Solomon G ililm , o f H a gtville .j ( a graduate o f Lincoln. Un±T«,JaffCJLty} J About Dec. 1, 1890y Miss Maupin re s ig ie d - "was h igh ly esteemed". ...AM on December 11, -M illard Godwin resigned as p r in c ip a l, P ro f* E.T.Hubbard fin ish ed out p the year as P r in c ip a l. Mrs Jamiscn appears to have :replaced Miss-: Maupin*. would appear to have been some s o rt of a q u a rre l..A ■mMmj ?wm

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38 The_Year 189.1“ 92.— The Board fo r this ye ar included Messrs. .P.Kaine.

W illiam Pauls e l l . . T.D.Smith . . Joseph Poole A lter t Neuman . . and •ME. Dowd.

The teaching s t a ff, with their room numbers fo r the :ar, these: fun 1 ..(P r in c ip a l) . .James Courtez Walker Rm 2 .. (Grammar) .. Mrs Claude D. Jamison Rm 3 •• Maude Mite h e ll Rm 4 .• . Bertha Brucher Rm 5 *• Emma D. Cleino Rm 6 . . Ju lia Dunivin Rm 7 (Primary) . . Mary VariWormer....... .Lincoln School ■Prof . J .3 .Bryant The_ South £ en tral Mis.soairi__Te_ach£r£ Association Is_Qrganised.~ This Association grew out of a June session of the Missouri State Teachers Association.

I t convened fo r a two day session in the "Holla Building'1 on the campus o f the Missouri School of Mines on/Decemfer 27 and 28, 1892. ...F o r short, i t s t i t l e through the years has been "SCMTA"f and R olla has been it s meeting p lace.

Since the A ssociation has continued down to date (19 69 ), a few fa c ts about this f i r s t 2?£ti_ncl are ° f in te r e s t.

In attendance were three prominen t Mis sour! educatirs - State. Supfc. o f Schools, W olfe . .Supt. E.H. Long, of Si Louxs scnools and P ro f. Francis COOK. p rin cip a l, of Crow School, S t.Lou is.

R rof. b.D.Lucky, SCMTA president, cf the Adams School, St .Louis, ca lled the meeting to order, morning cf Dec. 27th. Miss Bertha Brucher, R olla teacher, was secret ary. ^Some s ix ty teachers from south Missouri were in attendance.

Rev. C-eorge T. Ashley, pastor cf Rolla Methodist Church, o ffe re d the opming prayer.

Miss Mary Halloran, o f Lebanon, presented a paper on. "Use cf the M etric System". Discussion follow ed — by Hon W.A.Vxa, Phelps Co. Representative Lh§fs J. Jones . S a llie MU 'd R.ii.Holmes . . and John B. Scott (la te r probate judge ) Pro: A.L. McRae. cf School o f Mines, showed the system's advant age s .

D irector W.B. Richards, of the School of Mines, opened th ftem oon session w ith an address of welcome-. P ro f. Francis E. Cook responded. State Supt.

S1 L.E.W olfe follow ed with an address on "Investment and urg anxsatx an , which d ealt with "The Equipment cf the Teacher", At an evening session in Shaw's Opera House (8th & Pine ),, the "Sufc.erpe.an.

Orchestra", composed cf graduates of the Western Conservatory, opened with appro­ priate se le c tio n s . P rof. Francis Cook then g ive an address on "B iscovery o f America", which he illu s tr a te d with charts and maps. Both teachers ana townsmen enjoyed the r e c ita tio n s Prof, Cook then g^ve .

The second day, Wednesday Dec. 28th, opened with Father G'Loughlin., of the Rolla Catholic Church o ffe r in g prayer. This he did by asking the audience to jo in him in repeating the A postles' Creed and the Lord's Prayer, Not many knew the "Cr eed" - but/H eartily joined in the "P ra yer".

Papers presented were these: "The Educational Value of Kindergarten'

by P ro f. Cook - discussion by Director Richards; and “ The Importance c f Music in tire Public Schools", by Miss Marie L. Turner, p rin c ip a l cf the Clayton public schools.

Discussion by 2r o f, Cook ard J.S . SteVenson. mv, morning session concluded with appointment o f committees on Resolutions..

Nominations . . C r itic . . 1: !.nd Place for Future Meetings.

T » In th afternocss, second day, P rof. A.L.McRae o: the School cf Mines made in te re s tin g "Experiments in Physics .S.M. students Torrence, JB Donnan, ana Byron Smith join ed La discussion.

P ro f. S .P; Bradley and Mrs Claude D. Jamison expressed th e ir views in capers on "Teachers' Tenure cf O ffic e ' Prof * T.J.Jones and C .A .M itch ell presented capers on ■ins Teacher as a Factor in the Community."

The several committees reported: On Resolutions, o ffere d thanks to people o f R olla f o r lodging and entertainment, and to the Euterpe an Orchestra. Thanks also to the SCMTA o ffic e r s , and a l l vho participated in program.

- 39 State Supt. W o lfe's program was endorsed. The SGLiTA president, with the other d iv isio n s of State Teachers' Association, would f i x date and plage for the 1893 session. O ffic e rs elected for ensuing year were P ro f. E.D.Lucky, of 3t.Louis ..

D irector W.B.Richards, School of Mines, for^vice president; P ro f. R.E.Barnard, of H olla schools, as 2nd vice president; Miss Mary Halloran, Lebanon, for Recording Secretary and Treasurer. Corresponding Sectetary to be a .pointed la te r . r The f in a l session, Wednesday eve ning, Dec. 28th, featured a declamatory contest, the piogram. for which was th is : Music ............................................ .................... .

Euterpe an Orche s tra .

P r a y e r ......................................................................... Rev. J.A. Annin.

"Our Folks" .................................. . . . Mr. Emerson, of Crawford County® " How Miss Wiggins Painted the House . . . . . . .Maude 3. M itch ell, H olla.

"W ild Z in g a r e lla " ......... .......................

Miss Morse, of De Soto, "Poor House Men" ...............................Miss Mary Varlformer, of H olla.

"Come Here" ......... ....................... Mass Withaup, of Willow Springs.

"S is te r and I " .................................................Lulu M. Seay, o f Salem.

MU3ic ........................................... . .......

Euterpeaa Orchestra.

Miss Withaup won f i r s t prize .. Maude B. M itch ell second.

The clo sin g event was a sumptuous banquet, served in the Grant Hotel

by Mrs H.M. Shaw. One hundred and f i f t y persons, including R o lla 's prominent c itiz e n s , were in attendance. ...T o t a l receip ts from collections amounted to §105.10..

Some fin a l s t a t is t ic s : 146 teachers were en ro lled . "B e glory of the en tire session was the declamatory con test". The Convention secretary, Miss Bertha Brucher, was highly commanded for her work. Mrs C.D.Jamison drew high, praise, was endorsed as one o f Phelps County's "commissioners" in the next e le c tio n .

Supt. Long's paper on "Kindergarten" was named as the best paper read. Mass Turner's paper on "Music" brought the remark that "a person with no music in his soul had no business being a school room teacher". The papers on "Teacher •‘•enure1

by Mrs. Jamison and P rof. S.P. Bradley ( o f "S p rin g fie ld ") provoked diverse discussion. P ro f. Bradley objected to the current demand that a l l teachers of a • county must attend a summer "In s titu te for Teachers", and pay a fe e cf $3.00.

And thus, ended a most.notable convention - the_ veiy_fir£t__one of the S.U.M.T.A. Chas, SmaliwogJ s t _ , m ___James, gp.va the Phel;3 County In October, 1943, Mrs assembled members of this convention. Each H is to ric a l S ociety a photograph of the member was id e n tifie d b y 'a number printed on his or her p ic tu re ,'a s follow si 1. Miss Emma Askins (la te r married Edward S to v a ll).

2. Miss D o lly Johnson ( Unmarried. Lived at Newburg, 1942) 3. Mis Miss1 Emma Cleino ( Deceased. Married Louis. Chamberlain).

•4. Mis s Erama Auerbach ( Married Dr. J.M. Ma rtin , Edgar Springs) .

5 • Miss Essie Boas 6 . Miss Ellen LeSeuer ( Married Bob Sturgeon. 1942 liv e d at Thomas, Okla) 7{ m Mrs Cal Lalian.

3. Mis s L i l l i e .Renick ( Deceaded, 1942. Married Sami. Gaddy. L a te ly of Tuls I, O kla).

---------- Chas.

— W N iles, - , No.64. In C a lifcrn is, 1942) 9. Miss Exona LeSeuer ( Married 10 . Mrs Marie Jamison ( w ife cf Claude Jamison, Deceased. L a tely of Pnoenix,Ariz) . Died at Gape Girardeau Aug., 1942) 11 . Miss Bertha BrucheaJ ( Married 12 . Mis s E s te lle Duckworth ( Mrs E.W.Walker,Rolla. 'Wife cf No. 42) 13. Miss E liz a Laney (S is te r of Peter Laney. L a te ly cf Kan C ity . Deceased, 1942) 14. Mis s Ona Bishop ( Married Wm Arthur Thomas. 1942 address, Edgar Springs,Mo.) Deceased) 15. Miss Clementine ("T in y ") Laney. Married Jas Cox. 16 . Miss Cora Bonebrake .? or Miss Maggie Huffman ?

1

7.

I S .- Miss S a llie M illard (Married Secy, of State for Mo. Cc ra e i us Roach. KanCity,Mo.) C 19. Dora I . Todd ( Married ___ Peterson. Deceased. L a tely of an Francisco) 20. Miss Lucy McCracken ( in 1942 is Mrs Chas. H ell, R olla)

- 40 Ol . Miss Sarah Johnson ( Married Dr. Burns, cf Newburg, Mo. her 1942 address) 4.X 22. Miss DosLa Dawson ( Married Fred Huber. 1942 liv e James..

23. Miss Hat tie Margedant ( Deceased ) Mrs M o llie Wofford ( Widow, a? Salem, Mo. Deceased, 1942) 25. Miss Margaret Laney ( Sister of Peter. 1942, liv in g at Wichita, Kan.) 26. Miss JosLe Kilgore ( s is te r cf Win. K ilgore, of R o lla ) 27. Mis s Emma. Walker ( Sisyer of Dr. E.W. Wakker. Married August Rueh. Rolla,M o.)

23. Miss Ethelyn Richardson^<Jcb><rft' * * 29. Miss Jane Wynn ( 2nd wife of Robt. F o llo iv ill. Deceased, 1942) 30. ? ?

31. Miss Edith Wescott Edgar Springs) 32. Miss Kate Phelps. ( Married Jaw Melton. 1942 liv e s 33. Miss Agnes Margedant ( Married Lonzo Dunham, o f Beggs, Okla, 1942) 34. Miss Anna Powell ( Sisjyer of Miss E u lalie am Arthur Powell, of R olla) 35. Miss Kate Mooney ( Married Wm Collum, 1942 at San Francisco) 36. Miss A lic e Ten Eyck. (Deceased, 1942) 37. Miss Anna Mooney ( S is te r of Kate. Deceased) 33. Miss Inez Bradis’n ( Married W ill Devault, St .James. Deceased) 39. Miss Gertrude Eemon ( Married Alton Hutcheson, cf Newburg, mother of V irginia Newsham, R olla teacher. Gertrude deceases).

St,James. DONATED THIS PICTURE) 40. Miss Josie Hogan ( Married Chas. Smallwood, Sr 9

9

Mai »ied EstelierDuckworth, No.12) 42. Dr. Edw, W. Walker' (R olla d en tist. Deceased. 1 ? ?

44. John Laney ( Brother of Peter. Deceased) 451 Peter Laney ( F irst husband of Mrs Fred Smith of R olla. Deceased) 46, John C. Wilson ( Former Phelps County assessor. Deceased).

47. John K. Powell ( Brother of E u lalie and Arthur)Dsceased).

43. Mr. John C o llie r 49. Thomas V. W ilson .( Of Maries Co.,Mo. Deceased. With A lice TenEyck, taught at Dixon) John R. Yelton ( Veteran teacher of 1942. Lives M ill Creek,Ph.Co. Teacher a t D illard).

Francis,E. Wendt ( cf St.James. Taugjit at Newburg. Deceased) Alton Hutcheson ( Newburg. Fataer cf Mrs V irginia Newsham,Rolla. Deceased) 53 < P ro f. P.J.W ilkins ("P eter Jimmy", English P ro f. M.S.,M. Deceased) Court Walker ( Cousin cf J .E llis Walker, cf R o lla . (llein o School. Deceased) P ro f. R.E. Barnard ( Supt. Rolla Schools. Deceased) r- / ?om Walksr ( Brother of Court. Newburg. Now m inister, Christian Church./ OO# Sdward Arthur ( Of Wesco. Was 1st husband cf E lizabeth Mansbridge, who la te r Deceased) married P ro f. M.H. Thornberry cf M. .Mi Roscoe Harris ( Married Anna Pryor.

Lived 1 mi.

E. cf Green Acre Farm Deceased) 53.

Id e n tific a tio n uncertain: ( l ) Peter Christie ?

(2 ) Jos. Livingstone c 59.

(3 ) P r c f. ■Hayes, of Vichy-St. Jame s-S bee I v i H e .Seminaries ??

60. W. Thcs. Denison ( R o lla . Realtor, m. Josie -Freeman^ 6 1 . vr.S. Perkins ( Deceased. Farmer Co. School Supt. Mar•vied A lic e , s is te r cf Landon am S terlin g Smith, R blla) .

Vf.A. Hollowpeter ( Fa t ie r of Mrs Geo Breuer, and grandfat e r cf Marvin Brener, 04 o f the "Yank" baseball team, Ask also Mrs Ernest Perry, R o lla ) J. O liver McCaw ( Deceased. Lived north of R olla) 64. Charles N iles ( Married Exona LeSeuer. In 1942, both liv in g in C a lif .)

---- END OF THE LIST —— UrJ •

.

40 . a PHOTO OF THE 1892 SCUTA CONVENTION

\

- 41 Board pncluded Messrs. > lillia Pau lsell ., The_ Year_1892-93.F.S. )owd . . A.Neuman ..

Kaine . . ard Dr. John Short.

Phe teadhere they elected for 1892-93 were these: Rm 1 (P rin c ip a l ) Thomas Jefferson Jons jpf’j-i 2 (Grammar ) rs C.D. Jamison Rm. 3 Maude Mite he 11 Rm 4 Bertha Brucher Rm 5 'Emma D. Gleino Rm 6 Ju lia Dunivin /p • \ Rm 7 Mary Van Wormer (Primary) .Lincoln School J.S. Bryant.

Yea_r_139>~94. - On the Board., Smith and P a u lsell wars : re pla csd by Robt. and T,D. Smith (r e -e le c te d ). The teachers for the year were these: Rm 1 (P rin c ip a l) P r c f. T.M. Jones Rm 2 (Grammar) . . Emma Gleino Rm 3 Mrs Harper This was the la s t year in R olla Rm 4 Miss M etcalf schools for Miss VanWormer.

Rm 5 Grace Martin Rm 6 E s te lle Sappenfieid ( la te r John W. S cott) Rm 7 Mary Van former (Primary) ..

Lincoln School The yea r's school population was th is : "Whites” ..311 boys, 300 g ir ls .

Total 611 . . .Negro boys 57 .* g ir ls 65 .. t o ta l 122. Overa to ta l 733.

Wm, G. Kennedy was County School Superintendent.

P rof. J.B. -ayes, who had conducted "Seminaries” at Vichy and St .Jams was now in S t e e l v i l i e . His principal courses were these: Normal - s c ie n tific surveying - law - music - elocution.

The Phelps County Teachers In s titu te , in session in July, vigorously questioned whether th eir meetings could le g a lly open with song and prayer. They asked the State Attorney General — and he said, 5 No, you cannot” .

The_ Year_1894-95.^- The Board for the year included Messrs. Robt. McCaw (presi­ dent) . . T.D. Smith .. J.P. Kaine . . Dr. John Short . . L.D. Germann $./ and A.Neuman Neuman was Clerk. ....T h e teachers they elected fo r 1894-95 were these: Rm 1 ..(P r in c ip a l) .. T.J.Jones . . had 42 pupils. y— /--- She O la te r married -'dudsge Campbell, State Repr.

Rm 2 . I (Grammar) , . Emma fle i no 45 and ed itor ^Doniphan News Rm 3 |. B elle Steinberg 52 Rm 4 11 Minnie Morgan ..

Lincoln School ..P ro f R Bolen.

54' Rm 5 I| Minnie Atteberry • o • ©1 56 Rm 6 . . E s te lla Sappenfieid and Anna Weisenbach . . . .

39 Ry 7 . | Lida G illa sp ie .............

53 School population fo r this year was thus: White boys 3 19- g ir ls 3 I 8 - t o t a l 637 Negro boys 58 - g ir ls 60 - to ta l 118 . . Grand t o ta l 755.

For these other ye ars, these figu res ware given: 1890 . . 65O 91 ..750 92 ..727 93 ..733 94 ..755 This was the year in which, on order o f the Missouri Legislature and the U niversity Curators, the School of Mines " PREPARATORY COURSE” was abolished. That meant that, th erea fter, R olla had to provide i t s own high school instruction.

As the record diows, there ted been such courses in the school from. 1369 on. But. now, these courses were required to be sish as would te accepted fo r entrance to the Sch ool o f Mine s .

The Gyeat_ Fire_of_ October 28^ 1994;.- This f i r e destroyed a l l the business buildings on the east side pf Pine street, north of 7th street, and up to the H e lle r clothing store, which was of brick, and which arrested further progress o f the f i r e north. The combinec ;s amounted to same §50,000. The f i r e t o ta lly destroyed the o ffic e and shop of the Rolla Herald.

- 42 -

c+ CO

Despite the founding of the The_ lS94_Phelps_ ^ounty_Teacheers Institute outh Central Missouri Teachers Association, the Phelps Count ybteachers s t i l l con-. inued. th e ir lo c a l in s titu te s . This one convened the week of June 21,1394, in R o lla . I t was led by County Supt. W.P . Kennedy and R olla s chool principal, Prof, ’.J . Jones. A l i s t of the teachers a tt ending follow s, and nimes many of the veteran teachers of the Rolla sc hcols: ♦ Meriwether, Mrs B. James, W.D. Godwin, Annie.

Asher, Mary N iles, C.E. Kirby, W m Gorman, Annie Atteberry, Minnie Nickels, Lulu Knapp, Maggie "Groover, Clara ■ B ritten , AB P etra glio, Emma .

Kline, Florence E Granger, A lice Bonebrake, Harry ■ Powell, Anrie Laman, Kirby Sermann. Fr ank A Blanchard. Mabel P h illip s , Edw Livingston, AA Gough,, EP Brewster, JM Patterson, LT Lepper, Annie G ille s p ie , Lida Buskett, Mary P Richter, E liz a .

Lovelace, J3 Given, Lenis Bonebrake, Cora Richardson, Grace Lick, AB Hoover, Mamie Culbertson,Hattie Rolufs, RT Laun, NS' H olipeter. WA Cleino. Henry Ray, Maggie M illa rd , Linna Hess, Jas Clothin, Myrtle Richardson, Ethelyn M illard, Mary Howland, Ida Castleraan, BR Skyles, GA McMaster, E llis Harrison, TA Cleino, >Chas Smith, Tennis McCaw, WO Heimberger, Emma Cr ow, Mrs Ida Stone* T i l l i e McCracken* John Huffman. Maggie Case, Jas T Southgate, Margaret McCaw, NE Johnson, D ollie Ease, AB Soest, Addie M cClafferty, Agnes Jones, Mrs TJ Dunham, FJ Strawhun, Dora Mile s, Henry M Johnson, Sarah Denison, WT Todd, LA Morgan, Minnie John,bWN E llis , M irtie Vaden, JF Walker, Jennie Jones, Minnie Faulk, Ross Walker, Emma Westcott, Edith Welch, Jas VJeisenbach, Addie Whitaker, Susie Wood, Henry W Widner, Frank W hifley, Minnie Yelton, Burr.

H.

- 43 braid. L is t fo ■ this year is missing) ..

The Year_l89£-96.-( The T.D.Smith . . A.Neuman .. L.D. Germann The Board fcr the ye a r : Robt MeCaw enry Wood. ...The teaching s t a ff they elected was th is: J.P.Kaine « ..

(P rin cip a l)L .B .

Baughman ( Ke was called "Superintendent) Rm 1 an 2 . . (P rin c ip a l) . . Mrs G.D. Jamison . . Emma D. Cleino an 4 Emma da lia r Annie Lepper an 5 an 6 Emma Heimberger Rm 7 Addie Weisendach Lincoln School an 8 . . Myra Blanchard.

The Year 13963,97.— The Board: A.Neuman .. L.D. Germann .. J.P. Kaine Henry Wood . . F.E. Dowd . . T.D. Smith. The teaching s t a ff: ( Sams as last year except Mrs Baker replaced Emma Walker) Rm 1 (Supt.) L.B. 'Baugjnman Rm 2 . . (P rin c ip a l) Mrs G.D. Jamison Rm 3 •* Emma D. Gleino Rm- 4 •. Mrs Baker • .

Rm 5 •* Annie Lepper Rm 6 . . Emma Heimberger Rm 7 .. Addie Weisenbach Rm 8 . . Myra Blanchard. (Primary) ifor th is year, the Primary . . including " Miss Blanchard and ner 95 was moved to the old Goettelmann building, at the immediate northwest <:orner o f 5th and Main^streets. This was o f October, 1896.

The pupil l i s t for the year was th is : White boys, 346 . . g i r l s 33d.. a l l whites 684 . . . Negro boys, 45 . . g ir ls 57 . . a l l negro 102. Grand t o ta l ?8o.

Finances fc r the year, is of July, 1396: Total receipts $7,133.49 Spent ♦ . 5.163.46 Balan §2,030.03.

1J Secretary A. Neuman told the voters that Rolla schools couldn't ru o f 35** per §100 valuation. The rooms were crowded, and terms would have to be shortened i f the le v y was not increased. ( I t was NOT.*)* The Year 1897-98.- The Hoard: J.P.Kaine..Henry Wood T.D. Smith .. A. Neman . . Henry Beddoe. ...The Teaching s ta ff: Rm 1 .. L.B.Baughman, Supt.

Rm 2 . . Mrs C.D.Jamison, Principal Rm 3 &.4 . . Emma Gleino The Supt to assigp teachers Rm 4 & 5 . • Bertha Brueher to their ?ooms.

Rm 6 . . EmmaiWalksrs Rm 7 . . Minnie Jones Rm 8 Addie Weisenbach Rm 9 .. S ylvia Burgher Rm 10 (Primary) Myra Blanchard. . . . Lincoln School .. Mrs _ * _ »Henley.

D irector W.B. Richards is discharged as head of Mo.Softool August 19 o f Mines, Dowc accused teacher Myra Blanchard o f On September 9, Board member having been hugged asnd kissed by a Mrc Matson, while in the school building. He made complaint to the Beard, but the other members expressed d is b e lie f - and supported Miss Blanchard. On Sept. 16, the Board asked Dowd to, resign, but he refused. The same day, Miss Blanchard, rid in g to school with her fe t t e r , met Mr. Dowd coming down the steps c£ the Grant Hotel, 8th and Pine „ She grabbed the horse whip, jumped out, and from the Grant House to fee MeCaw building, oouth side o f 8th, h a lf way from Pine to the railroad, chased and horse—wnipped him.

The reporter said: "Dowd won't ou tlive his disgrace. Miss Blanchard is a pure and hone st g i r l . Goody 11”

DR. CB.a /r L A N t y S 'u R V E Y f c O N S

TA N T

MO', W E G IS T E R S d V

R V E Y O R L S -2 2

R EG

a

ND,

R E D./PR O f W S fO

E N G IN E E R

v /M ANN

5 0 6 E/<ST 6 T H B T R E E J / f r o c l X . M IS M U R I VE-7Q7

6^401 ^

THE 01X) GO.iii?THiiAiArl BUxU3XNG• Home of Western Conservatory o f Music, 1335 e tc .

THE IE A R _1 8 9 3 -9 9 T h e big news of this year was the Spanish-American War — the sinking o f the battlesh ip Maine in Havana harbor.

In the A p ril ele ctio n , John P. Kaine and Henry Wood were re-elected for three years. The " hold-overs" were Albert Neuman, Henry Beddoe, F.E.Dowd, and T.D. Smith. Beddoe was president, Neuman secretary, Kaine treasu rer.of the Board.

For the school fund, electo rs voted fcr an 8 month school end a le v y of 85$ on $100 valuation. The in s ta lla tio n o f steam heat fo r Central School was considered.

The teachers hired were the same as fo r the preceding year, except $rhat Margpfet Southgate ( la te r Mrs B.H.Rucker) replaced Miss Bertha Brucher. The appointments ’were these: Supt. .. L.H. Baughman Hi Sch. Principal..M rs C.D. ("M ") Jamison Rm 3 . . Margaret Southgate Rm 7 •• Emma Cleino 6 .. Miss M. Jones 2 .. S ylvia Burgher 1. Myra Blanchard 5. Emma Walker Lincoln .. Rev.H.A. Henley 4. Addie Weisenbach School closed on A p ril 29th, at which time the schools presented the opera, "SNOW WHITE". The program, conducted at Shaw*s Opera, was as follow s: Impersonating Snow White . . . . . . . .May Coffman Queen .................... M ollie Powell Arbutus ................ A lice Blanchard D a f o d i l l ....... ; . . . Margaret Donnelly Ver e r .................. . Ethe 1 S a lly Prince .................. Dean Faulkner Carl the Huntsman .Clyde Reinohl Harry the Dwarf . . Fre d McCaw Max, a dwarf . . . . . Robert Montgomery.

Mi^s^febater2.s_F^i^^e_V£cal_MysicjS£h£ol.- Miss Webster, a capable music teacher, presented her pupils in a r e c it a l at the Faulkner House on December 1,1898 Her pupils were: M ollie Pewe l l ..Laura Faulkner . . May Deegan . . Bessie Jadwin ...

A lice Weddell .. Marion Neuman .« W illie Ramsey . . and M illard Faulkner* THE YEAR_1399-1900j_ In the spring (A p r il) ele ctio n , Robert Meriwether and Thomas MT tforre3* effected to the Board - which now consisted o f these two and the holdovers, H.Beddoe. .Henry Wood . . A Neuman . . and J.P.Kaine. Beddoe was named president, Neuman secretary, and Kaine treasurer. The annual le v y was 85$ on $100* Receipts fo r the year amounted to $8,983.59 — expenses $7,189.57, leavin g balance o f $1,794.02.

The teachers elected fo r 1899-1900, together with number o f pupils each had, were these: Supt.. .L.B. Baughman . . . High School, Miss M ollie Remey ( 45 pupils) Rm 7. .Mrs CD Jam ison.............. 48 pupils 6 . . Minnie Jones . . . . . . . 55 2 . . Anna Lepper . . . . . . 43 5 . . Emma Walker ............35 1 . • Myra Blanchard . . . 75 4 . . . Addie Weisenbach . . . . 40 Lincoln . . . 43 Rev JH Henly 3 .. Margaret Southgate . . 41 The t o ta l white pupils . . 382 . . and.negro . . 4 3 . . . i n a l l ..425* F.E.Dowd was l e f t o f f o f the Board, sold his abstract business to David Cowan.

Rolla Schools.

CVM May 12,1969.

- 45 -

THE YSAR 1900-1901.- Robert Meriwether resigned as a board member, went to Monroe City, Mo., to liv e . • Vlas highly respected. In the A p ril election, he was re p i ced by Asa S. N iles. ...Outgoing irembers Neuman and Beddoe were replaced

by T.D.Smith and John S. Livesay. The Beard was then Smith and Livesay .. Jones and N iles .. Kaine and Wood. ...The County Superintendent was John L. Lovelace.

In the High School, Supt. Baughman was replaced by Prof . E.F.Busch, of Columbia, and Miss M ollie Remeg by Miss Sarah Beall, a graduate o f the School cf Mines academic department. Other teachers were same as last year, as follow s: f ***> Supt. . . E.F. Busch (Bush??)

Rm 3 • ♦ Margaret Southgate (la te r m. B.H HiSch. Prin...Sarah B eall 2 .. Anna Lepper Rucker) Rm 7 • , Mrs CD Jamison 1 . . . Myra Blanchard 6 . . Minnie Jone s Lincoln .. Rev. JH Henly 5 - . Emma Walker 4 . . Addie Weisenbach R olla Higi School closed with presentation o f the play, "Loura the Pauper", given at Shaw’ s Opera House. The characters were these: Alma Strobach .. M ollie Powell . . Belle Bulloch . D ollie Gordon , George Cook ..F r e d l icBaw Edna Baughman . . Robert Montgomery-.. Ben Beddoe Frank Oat le y . . and rn a 'k ohaw.

Eugene Bonebrake ..... Walter Duby .. Frank Thompson THE YEAR 1901-02.- In the A p ril election , outgoing board members Henry Wood and J.P.Kaine were re-elected . A.3. Niles continued in place of Meriwether.

The f u l l Board was Wood & Kaine .. Smith & Livesay . . N iles and Jones.

H.W.Wood was elected County Supt. over Miss Lida Copeland, 973 to 688.

Mrs. CD Jamison and J.W. Faulkner were elected as school commissioners for the county.

The Phelps County Teachers In stitu te met, with 65 teachers attending. I t was con­ ducted under leadership o f Prof. John B. Scott ( la te r probate judge) and Mrs Jamison.

The superintendent for Rolla schools fo r last year - Prof. Ernest F. Bush was replaced by Prof. H. B lair, cf Adair county. The teaching s ta ff, with room numbers and number o f pupils in each, was as follow s fo r 1901-02: Supt. .. H. B lair Hi School . . Sarah B e a l l ..........40 Rm 7 •• Mrs CD Jamison.............. 31 6 .. Minnie Jones ................ 50 5 .. Jessie V i a .................... 33 ( her f i r s t year of many ) 4. Mrs L iz z ie Cornwall . . . . 45 3 .. Mabel Frost ................ 27 Lincoln School . . ______ Henderson.

2 .. Anna Lepper . . . . . . . . . . 33 1 .. Myra Blanchard........... 59 (Primary) The PRIMARY DEPARTMENT was s t i l l in the old C-oettelmann Building.

nj\vm T' T -lay T 10^.0 \ -LO c, jlj oy •

- 46 -

f(3 l / £ £ )

YEAR 1902-03»- 'The "hang-over11 board members were J.P.Kaine, Henr iffooa, T.D.Smith and donn 3. Livesay. Asa Wiles replaced Robert Meriwether, and Thomas M. Jons s, was re-e lected . H. B lair continued as superintendent, Prof. dyes, of Kirks v i H e , was brought in for High School Principal Kiss Lida Cop band was employed as assistant p rin cip a l. The 19i >02-03 it a ff was then as follow s: Supt. . . H. B lair Hi 3ch. Principal .. M.A. Boyes A sst. PrincLpal Lyda Copeland, In Grade School: Rm 7 .. Mrs CD Jaaison Rm 3 •. Mabel i?rost 6 .. Miss A.H. Wilson 2 . . Mrs L iz z ie Cornwall 5 . . Jessie Via 1 . . Myra Bla nchard 4 .. Anna Lepoer Lincoln . . . ?

As o f October 9, the Board elected Miss Ethel Scott 3 substitute teacher.

As of Jure 26, Miss Myra Blanchard was conducting a kindergarten icnooi THd.- YEAR 1903-04.^. With the re-e lectio.on n o oxf /r.d. Smith and John S. Live say, the f u l l Board included SmiunfT.ffl.vesay .. N lie sju • r r ^ h ess .. Kaine and Wood. Henry Wood was named president. A^school le v y o f Q^&^per ^100 was adopted.

At the county le v e l, H.W. Wood was elected county superintendent ( or commissioner). He headed the County's "school commission" o f three, which gave the county's teacher examinations. Mrs CD Jamison was re—apoiinted fe r th is year.

For theH903-04 year, the Board elected the follow ing teaching s ta ff: Supt. .. H. B lair Hi Sch. Prin. ...M .A. Boyes Asst. Hi. Prin cipal .. Lyda Copeland 2 For the grades, the follow ing: Rm 7 *« W.Frank Woodruff, o f Warrensburg ( in place of Mrs. Jamison) 6 . . Mamie Hoover Rm 2 .. Mrs. L iz z ie Cornwall.

5 . . Jessie Via 1 . . Myra Blanchard ( her la st year) 4 .. Anna Lepper L in c o ln ...........?

3 .. Mabel Frost School opened on August 31 with 420 pupils.

As e a rly as July of 1903, a heated controversy developed in the Board ove r the appointment of a teacher for Room 7. Mrs Jamison had held the place for and N iles,* » voted to a number o f years. Three of the Board, Messrs. Smith, remove her in favor of a Miss Booth, of S p rin gfield . Messrs. Live say, Kaine and Wood wanted to retain her. They took 123 b a llots, on a l l of which they were hope^ le s s ly tie d . Mr. Livesay offered to resign, i f the re st of the Board would c a ll a sp ecial ele ctio n , and so le t the townsmen decide the question. At this stage, Miss Booth withdrew, and the Board elected W.Frank Woodruff. ...However, fo r the next year, Mr. Woodruff was gone and Mrs. Jamison employed as assistant principal o f the High School.

THE YEAR 1904-05. - For this year, the f u l l Board included JS Livesay ..

Hark George W.- — :P. Kaine ---------0—•l) Smith ..

■— (. who — took ----- the place of Thos. M. Jones, had gone to Texas) ..

Asa N iles and W m .

Pierce.

N iles was named president, who h secretary, and Kaine treasurer.

A 9 month school was voted, with le v y o f 95£« Smit At county le v e l, John. F. Hodge was elected (in A p r il) superintendent, with H-F.-Bone brake and M.A. Boyes as associate county school commissioners. n the R olla schools, Prof. M.A. ?cyes became superintendent. He was f] ?om Kirk:sville . O.A. 'Wood, of S t e e lv ille , was chosen as principal o f the High School, an irs CD Jamison as assistant principal. For tie grades, these were the teachers Jessie Via Rm 2 .. Mrs L iz z ie Cornwall -m 7 . Gertrude Carpenter.

Mayme Hoover 1 6 C Mabel Frost Lincoln ........ ?

4 .• Ethel Scott 3 . . Sadie Donahoe As cf November 10, 1904, the Rolla High School and it s work was o f f i c i a l l y aooroved by the State Inspector o f High Schools, and the school became "articu lated " with. U niversity of Missouri. As o f Sept. 15, 463 pupils were enrolled in Rolla schools,

VM M

1 3 ' 6?

4?

ip rn bo

THE YEAR 1905-06. - Hold-overs on the Board were Messrs. Kaine . .C]nrk .. nivesay .. and Smith. Elected in A p ril, Asa N iles and Wm. P ie rc e . N ile s became president, Smith secretary, Kaine treasurer . A 9 month school and 95# le v y were approvec For the County, John F. Hodge was elected superintendent, with H.E.Bonebrake apd . Boyes as associate commissionsrs cf education.

For R o lla 's schools, M.A.Boyes remained as superintendent, and O.A. Wood as HagI School p rin c ip a l. Mrs. Jamiscn was assistant p rin c ip a l. For the grades, these: Rm 7 •• Jessie Via 6 . Grace Carpenter ( Miss Hoover resigned) 5 • • Mabel Frost Rm 2 . . M rsiiCom aiall 4 .. E thel Scott 1 . . M o llie Holmes, (rep la cin g Miss _ .Hale) 3 . . Sadie Dona hoe L i n c o l n ..................... ?

As a featu re o f Commencement exercises, 160 o f the students presented he op eretta "THE CRYSTAL BALL". W ill D. Clark was "King of Noland", and Bessie rene the "Queen". The remaining characte rs included court la d ie s . . gypsies . . nomas . . f a i r i e s . . so ld iers . . Pages and so fo rth .

From November 30 through December 2, the SCMTA met in R o lla . The president was P ro f. O.A. ’Wood, of the R olla schools,and the secreta ry was Miss M o llie Holmes.

Because o f the overcrowded condition cf the R olla schools, the R olla Herald e d ito r, Col. Chas. L. Woods, plead for a new High School bu ildin g, to cost from $10,000 t o $15,000. But, instead o f a hi.sjh school bu ildin g, the decision was itade t o f i r s t build a WardTSchool on the east sid e, to accomodate pupils o f the grade l e v e l .

THE YEAR 1906-07.- The Board fo r th is year included Asa N ile s . . I/m. Pierce Harvey Reach . . George W. Clark, and newly ele cted Dr. S .L.Bay singer and W.D. Jones. j . j .Kaine . rtoac .Gep.Cla,rk be case president, TD Smith secreta ry, Roach trea su rer. sdi ool opened on September 4th, 506 pupils were e n ro lle d - 66 o f whom As school were in hi^h high school school. The y e a r's end showed a su bstantial increase, from 506 to 734. v i dsn that "more room" was a pressing need. For that reason, a mass I t was q uxite ite 0 evident meeting, with Edwin >ng as chairman, was ca lled fo r A p r il 12th. The School Beard was asked to c a ll a sp ecial e le c tio n for May 1, 1906, for a vote on a le v y cf 20# on 3100 valuation to buy a new bu ildin g site . . and fo r $11,5 0 0 in bonds to construct a suitable "ward school bu ild in g". The s it e le v y fa ile d , 157 to 151 . . as did the bend issue, 156 to 150. A two-thirds vote was required.

With th is do r e , another sp ec ia l e le c tio n was c a lle d for July 3, t o pass ^00 :o 'build an addition" to the Central School b u ild in g. on bond issue cf $3, 5' I o, was defeated by a vote cf 86 to 89. .Additional or*lh o o l buildings had deferred to another year. =___ as Superintendent. | O.A. Wood resigned centyiudd 3antime, M.A. Boyes ____ weet Springs, took his place.as High School prin cipal.b u t resigned, d E .E .N o rre ll, cf Sweet P r o f. T.O. Renfrew be came HipScEuiErincipal. Amma Sides, appointed assistant* High School 5 d a c e d her. For the grades, these: p rin c ip a l resigned arri Jessie Jadwin, of Salem, replaced P r in c io a l . . Jessie Via Rm 2 ..M o llie Holmes ( \ ?vt,jkvfy* B ertie Jones .1 . . Mrs L iz z ie Cornwall.

Rm 7 Sadie.

D.onahce Lincoln ... ?

6 Gertrude Carpenter Jt/) /3 ,) 5 Miss C laire N iles ^ ^ Grace Carpenter J an ad d ition a l room ( xhere? ) was f i t t e d up for primary pu pils, with Anna Leoper in charge.

- 48 1907-08. - With Harvey Roach and George Clark newly xe-elected, the Beard was Baysinger & Jones . . w iles and Pierce Roach and Clark. Clark was president, Smith secretary, Roach treasu rer. The yea r's le v y was raised to $1.00 on $100, and a 9 month school was approved.

For the County, John F. Hodge continued as superintendent, with Mrs .Jamison and L.C. Hudgens associate commissioners of education.

The school attendance fo r the year was t h is : white boys, 385 *• g i r l s 360.

Negro beys, 19 . . g ir ls 27. 'T ota l fo r the year, 791. For the preceding year was 734. r or ;he School, M.A. Boyes was c ity superintendent. P ro f. T.0. Renfrew was p rin c ip a l. Bessie Jadwin, assistant p rin cip a l, re signed and was replaced by For the grades, these: P rin cip a l . . Jessie Via Sadie Donahoe Rm 3 2 Rm 7 •• L.C? Hudgens Gertrude Carpenter 6 . . Anna Leppe r 1 5 . . Bertha Jones L:incibln (P rin c ip a l) Hugh 7. Wallace 4 . . Claire N ile s The g ea r's fin a n c ia l report, ending July 30,1907, showed t o ta l receipts o f $10,431.30 ..expenditures $8,162.26 . . and balance of $2,269.04*

J

THE YEAR 1908-09. - New blood came in to the Board with e le c tio n of Harry R. MeCaw and Wm. R. E llis . Defeated were A. S. N iles . .Wm J. Pierce . .Tom Gale . . and 3 f Kinnaman. The new Board included Messrs. Roach & Clark . . Baysinger & Jones . .

McCaw and E llis . Baysinger became president.

In the A p r il ele ctio n , a le v y o f 15? on $100 fo r procuring a building s it e , plus a vote on a $6,000 bond issue fo r a bu ildin g, were both defeated. But in a special e le c t io n on October 10, the site le v y of 15£ and a bond issue o f $7,500 both carried - 335 to 53* This provided fo r an "East Side" ward school, fo r which plans were to be prepared by H.H.Hohenschild.

The school population fo r the year, as of May 21, included 385 white boys ..384 g ir ls plus 26 negro boys, 25 g i r l s . . . a t o ta l o f 769.

The teaching s t a ff fo r the High School included T.D. Renfrew, who replaced M.A.Hoyes as superintendent. A Miss Stickenrod was p rin cip a l, and a Miss Wadell assistant p r in c ip a l......... For the grade school, the fo llow in g: P rin cip a l, Jessie Via. Rm 3 * • Miss Fowler Rm 7 . . M yrtle F lin t 2 . . M ollie Holmes 6 . . Edna Zeiseniss 1 . . Gertrude Carpenter.

5 . . B ertie Jones Lincoln . . . . ?

4 . . Sadie Donahoe Non—P u b lic S chool s : The Rolla Commercial Club entertained the idea o f incorporating a sp ecial G irls School fo r R o lla . Prof, and Mrs. Frank Henhinger went one b etter, They organized what f i l l e d much the sane need — the R olla School cf _Music . . which p resen tly was called the "Henninger School of Music". They employed other teachers, whom, they said, "were thorough musicians". They assumed to teach " a l l branches cf music".

The f a l l term opened on September 15, 1908.

On or about November,/1908, they presented th eir f i r s t "P u p ils' R e c ita l", in which the fo llo w in g pupils participated: Emily Kaufeld Mabel Perry :Mabel Hawkins Leona Garritson Blanche F o llo w ill F lossie Wynn Fay Dent Mildred Strobach Margaret Kirk Adele Pcv/ell Blanche Ross Blanche C rites Grace Powell Katherine Weddell Ruth Beard Ths School's second pupil r e c it a l occurred on or about A p ril 29, 1909.

This sample program i s here included to give some idea of the character o f the School and i t s program. ( See next page )

- 49 ROLLA SCHOOL OF MUSIC ( "Hennoger" ) T?lf} i ono Feb.

Second Pupil R e cita l . .(R HeraL Piano 2c vocal.

prints program) 17 numbers,

1909 ...PUPIL RECITAL, Rolla Schoolof Lius ic . At Shaw’ s Opera, Apr 29.

Hr pupils of P rof, and Mbs Frank Henniger and Miss Frances M Nelson, and Paul S. Goa P R 0 GR 1. Overture ’ .t . . . (* * • • , * . HO^"la Junior Orchestra 2. Piano Solo (; .ish Dance,Sharwenka) . . . ...M iss Grace Powell rpsie Rondo (Haydn) . . . . . . Katherine Weddell 3. Piano so lo s : He The Heart o f the Hyacinth (Kern) .Susie Hu kins,Newburg 4 . Piano duets: W illiam T e ll (R ossin i) Bernice Wynn, S t.C la ir and her teacher Fay’ s Favorite (D ia b e lli) . . Fay Dent 2c teacher jc • Piano solos: Return of Spring (Sidus) .. .Margaret Wharton Myjtegiment (Anschutz) ...F loren ce Wharton, o f Newburg o. Vocal solo: My L it t le Love (Hawley) ....L eon a Garretson 7. Piano solos: Fete le Champs (Bachman) ..Ruth Beard Amusette (D'Orso) .................... Blanche Crites 3. Piano solo: Serenade Espagnole (Zaremoski) Adele Powell 9. Piano solo: A La Valse (Bohm ).............Leona Gar ret s on 10. Vocal so lo: Proposal (Brackett) ..Mabel Hawkins, of Arlington 11 . Music . . ......................................... .

Newburg Orctsstra 12 Piano duet: P o s tillio n D1Amour (Franc or ■Rrfr .by Ruth Beard 2c Fannie M itch ell 13. Piano solos: Sweet Remembrance (Sidus) ..Ruby Root, Newbur, My Sweet Mandolin (Sidus) . . . Mattie .curegcr IcGregor 14. nano solo: Under Thy Window (Chopin) Band • Music .............................................Newburg Brass 16 . r ia io 30I 0 : Song of the Swallow (Bohm) Bessi Dick; -son 17. Vocal s o lo : L i f e 1s Lullaby ( . . ) ......... Gerald Lane 18. Piano solo: Les Sylphes (Bachman) ....M rs Roach, Newbux*; 19. V io lin solo: La Traviata (V erdi) ...M iss Blanche Ross 20. Piano solos: Lohengrin Wedding March (Wagner) . . . and Philomel (Kunkel) .. by Bessie Shanks 2c teacher 21 Music: .............................. Rolla 2c Newburg Junior Orchestras 22 . Piano duet: Vienna (K eterer) ..Bessie Shanks 2c teacher 23. Piano solo: Scarf Dance (Chaminade) ...M arvel Ohnscrg 01, Vocal solo: V iolets (Roma) ..............Grace Powell 25. Piano duet: Bolera (Mowskewsk i) ..Adele 2c Grace Powell 26 . Piano solo: Valse Chromatique (Godard) Miss Fay Faulkner Piano duet: Le Tourbillon (Godard) ..Adele 2c Grace Powell

.

.

1909 . . Table o f fees for pupils. Private lessons 2 per week (45 minute periods) fer 10 weeks , £10,00 These instruments : piano-brass-mandolin-reed instruments ... and vocal e tc .

3r o f R.S. Poppen, grad o f Strassburg Conservators'-,Germany, comes from St. ivov 13 Louis to jo in fa cu lty. Teach voice culture, harmony, h is t, of music, . 'i l l also tra in a School of Mines orchestra. Graduate of Royal Acad Music, London, 2c Leipsic,Germany.

Pnnnpn R.Sch Music, organises un-denominationa1 “Rolla Choral irroi Boppen, ii ov S ociety" for young men 2c women. Begin F ri Nov 26. Fee, 25P per week.

Sect

- 50 IE YEAR 1909-10.- The 3oard consisted o f hold-overs McCaw St E llis .

Roach St Clark, and newly re-elected Baysinger & Jones.

For the County, T.O. Renfrew was elected county superintendent, TVhe associate co ranis si one rs of the county board cf e ducation were J.M.Vance and J.F. Hodge.

Schools opened Sept. 6th. The school census lis te d 836 children of school age - 332 white, 54 negro.

For Holla schools, A.T. Powell replaced M.A. Bc-yes as superintendent. '/■/.M. Wible was e le cted p rin cip al o f the High School. He was a graduate of Indiana U niversity. For the grades, these were the teachers: P r in c ip a l,.. Jessie Via. Rm 7 . . Mrs Bruce Follow f i l l u n til Mar. 13,1910, when Mrs Jamison replaced her, 6 ..

5 . . B ertie Jones Rm 2 . . M ollie Holmes 4 .. Sadie Donahoe 1 .. Gertrude Carpenter •««t 3 ..

L in c o ln ♦------0 Building_The_Eas^-3id_e^IARD SCHOOL.- By January 28, 1909, the school board had chosen the s ite for the East Side Ward School. I t was Block 70, of County Addition to Holla - the block bounded by 5th and 6th, Cedar and Walnut streets.

The owners o f lo ts or residences in the lo t had been H.E.Bonebrake . .Henry Davis ..

Mrs. Mary Latham . . and the estate of Milton Walker.

I t was found that the $7, 500 bond issue voted in October, 1908, was in­ v a lid - so that a new ele ctio n was held on May 5, 1909. The voters then approved a bond issue of $10,000 by 343 to 66.

Architect H.H.Hohenschild now had the plans ready far bidding. They provided for a b rick building two stories high, with f u l l basement. The outside dimensions were 91 (east-w est) by 37 feet (north-south). Bids of $10,312 were rejected , be cars e^jthey exceeded the bond issue . On August 19, Robert McCaw got the contract fcr $9,606.52. He would complete the four-room structure by December 17.

By September 30, the foundation was done, and brick wcrk started. The building was cample ted on Some_af the j^Oat£id e_Eventsj1_&f_ 1909-10.* This school program was, o f course, only a part of what was going on in and outside R olla. Just a few items w i l l be o f in te r e s t. .. F irs t, at the School of Mines, D irector George E. Ladd had resigned, and D irector L.E. Young was now at the he ad cf the school. Daniel Jackling had donated funds with which Jackling Field, with its bleachers, had been constructed.

The studait body, aided by tte facu lty, were conducting a rich program of music, m instrels, lectu res. The Royal Venetian Band, conducted by Director Victor, was obbere^Rat Ebert, was one number. H o lin g ££j?BMit3^nt shot and k ills a, on h street ( m 1381 ) . Commander Perry discovered the North Pole - and Dr. Ccok trie d to rob him of the g lo ry . A new U.S. Post O ffice site at northeast com er cf 9th and Pine was chosen and purchased.

And, in sp ite o f soire underhanded advert is i i g and consequent lit ig a t io n , Eighth street was paved, and paving of Pine street ordered - to be completed in 1910.

Charles Strobach, J r., was Rolla.&s mayor. An art school taught by Miss Edith B is s e ll staged an a rt exh ibit at the hone of Dr. and Mrs. E.W. Walker, southeast corner o f 11th and Pine, in December, 1909. Sixty-two pictures were exhibited - in crayon, sepia, end water color. There was also an exh ib it of fine chinaware. ..F in a lly , R o lla 's 'ta le n te d and veteran school teacher . . Mrs C.D. Jamison . . was elected president o f the 6th D istrict Federated Womens Club, re s tin g at S t e e lv ille . She was characterized by the Rolla editor as being :lin te llig e n t, and a broad-minded lady. I t is a wise selection - a d is tin c t b en efit for the club fo r which she has af. so ardently". At the State meeting of the sne was lamed d ele^ ite to the National Convention for May, 1910, at Cincinnati.

1o f

,Q

1910-11 Board members new! I elected were Geo W. ( ____ ind lose: impbell, Jr. ;he hold-overs were Baysinger & Jones - MeGaw and For '-helps County, T.O. Renfrew continued as county superintendent♦ The County Courfc renumbered the rurfl l sch ool d is t r i c t s , some 31 in a l l . n T The S .C.M*T .A . convene d a t Ric hland, wit] IX i fl . Renfrew th e le a d e r , as pre sid en t r> a 1910 , has a good h a l f - t one cut o f him) . Tnis was e le c t. ( The Ro11a H erald, Dec 8, A• the 13th annual n e e tin g o f S .C.LI. T . xi c£»n sus . . lis t e d 72 pup'i l s in High S ch o o l . . 285 a t the For R o lla , the sch ool • ' OO OJJwte Cen tra I . . and 111 at the new e a s t side Ward Sc . . a t o t a l c f 468 » '• J

H O o

s ite pupils. There were 25 at Lincoln school, making the to ta l as of September, ,91°, 493.

4e have not previously noted any organization or meetings of any Holla ParentTeacher Association. But i t is recorded that there was such a meeting on February 3, 1910, with 40 patrons in attendance. The last meeting cf the school year was held on car about A p ril 29th, 1910. The editor said "there was a big crowd". Mrs. T.J. S ta ffe r, w ife cf the Methodist paster, read a paper on "Hams Training of Children".

A sp ecial number was presented by a Ladies Quintet composed cf Miss Mary McCrae and Mesdaae s A.L. McRae, N.A. Kinney, Frank Henninger, and F.W. Buerstette .

The R olla teaching s t a ff fer the year was as follow s: ( To be hunted up).

Some_Random Outs id e_ Events ware, these: Prize fig h te r Jack Johnson defeated James J.- J e ffr ie s in heavy-weight boxing match cf national in te re s t. .. Pine st ree t, in Rolla, wa:is paved with v i t r i f i e d brick, 6th to 10th s tre e ts . The work Twogan Lul y 28tii, r.pn was finished on August 30th. ...D r. S.L. ^aysinger, la t e ly dl rived in Rolla, is characterized by editcr Woods as "A Live W ire". Ke had become pre siaen t o f the sch idoI board, .pres id ent cf the Chamber c f Commerce ..a University of Missouri curat or (bad chairman of its lo c a l executive committee. He was a lso a fo remost builder of 1lew houses - three o f them just east of Oak street on south gT. " e of 12th stre at In Roll a a ffa ir s in general, the editor said " He is a veritable "Miners" at the School of Mines had a basket b a ll team cake o f re a s t". . •...The • •' that defeated the St. Louis University team by a score of 49 to 8. . . and Mrs C.D. Jamison, veteran Rolla school teacher, was again re-elected president of the 6th D is tric t Federated Womens Clubs - a delegate to the State convention at Hannibal.Governor Herbert Hadley appointed her a deleg^te to the 37th annual meeting cf the N ational Conference on Charities and Corrections, St.Louis. . . . F in a lly, P rof. R.3. he Henninger School cf Music assembled and directed^a choral so ciety ..

Poopin o f th entley, a highly g ifte d soprano singer, ^ S f ^ p e f f i x^on?ert with the Rolla brass band, singing " S t i l l as the N ig h t"., and John W. Scott directed a concert given by the combined town band and that o f the Henninger School cf Music. I t was described as "par e x c e lle n t". •

\

fin a l-r e sting

cm

15'69

- 52 -

h

be, by Q>-M,M hU1/ /£, 196?.

THE YEAR 1911.- in the A p ril ejection , Harry R McCaw ard 2. Harvey Roach ixe re-elected to the Brand. For the 1911-12 year, the Beard elected John R. Yelton ds superintendent cf R olla schools, replacing A.T. Powell. The Board elected two who did not come to Rolla - Earn Meaaowel ( of Maitland) and Elma Walters teach { o f ipe uirarc sau) TVhe s t a ff which taught the 1911-12 year was then as follow s: S'XijDfc • • < John R. Yelton Fred Harvey ( of N liberty, Iona) ttl :nool Principal ASS i/. Prin. . . Jessie Via, R olla.

For East Ward School: Far Central School: Rm 4 (P r in .) . .Sadie Donahoe Rml 8 . . C laire R iles Rm 4 ..Edna Wright 3 ..Miriam H eller 3 .. Mary Shaw 7 .. Anna Lepper 2 ..Georgia Harris on 2 .. Fern Beardon 6 .. Cuba Niblack 1 .. M ollie Holmes.

1 . . .Grace Carpenter 5 . Mrs M.E. Musgrave 283 white boys, 322 g ir ls , The pupil -.-ii L as of November 2,1911, lis te d :ota l ot oup. The l i s t did not include the negro pupils, which would have been irounc 2 In the A p ril election , John A. Mooney defeated T.O. Renfrew as county school superintendent by a vote cf 1397 to 926.

On September 14, Mr. and Mrs. Claude D. Jamison l e f t Rolla for good. Col. Charles Wood, of the Rolla Herald, said that "ROLLA IS VERY SORRY". For the fir s t year, Mrs Jamison was teacher of English in a Los Angeles m ilita ry school. They then went to Cheyenne, Wyoming, for a year cr more, where their son, Claude J r., was State G eologist. Mr, Jamison for a time set up a law o ffic e . They next moved to .Phoenix.-Arizona, th eir fin a l home. He practised law u n til his death. They found 1their-! place a in the Phoenix cemetery.

In further comment, Col. Woods said that "lio-woman ever in R olla did so much, as a leader, in Rolla*s educational, lite r a r y , and cu ltu ral are as" He had been Rolla* s mayor. She had promoted the Saturday Cluo, and the Federated Womens' Clubs in p articu lar, besides being Rolla* s foremost veteran school teacher.

Ths_ Rolla _chool_of Mu_sic.- The School's 4th session opened on Sept. 7, 1911. Fj-ank Henningsr is it s d ire cto r. Advertisements stated that the Main_School was a: Rolla • but°studios had also been opened in St. Louis. There were small units at St. James nd a t Newburg. The School said i t was using the "Dunning Method" o f musical instru ction. The St. Louis studio was at Grand and Hebert streets, wnsrs three teachers were employed. Two new tea hers at R olla were the Misses_._.Christian and Bessie M eriw etber, who resp ectively taught piano and music .. arts and cra fts.

Agnes Deegan was teacher o f v io lin and French. In a l l , at Rolla, there were six graduate teachers and four assistants. there were some Apart from the public schools or the Rolla School of Musi additional musical events. On March 2, the School cf Mines students staged a minstrel show. The -aisle was directed by P rof. Henninger of Rolla School of Music- Enoch needles, la t e r an eminent bridge builder, was in terlocu tor. / 'V- February TP_1 / L'U Lfne g Mary v»-rr McGrse O Q rH T iiff'R- ]\T^A- Kinney Kl nn6 planned and directed On 4th, Miss and Mrs■ tie operetta "Tyrolean as a. b efit for the — Episcopal Church. The paruici- 1 C IU O S ^ en x x s> J. X ~ X Tyrolean Queen", f the School of Music. They were: cants•included many vh.o were pupils au ith el Schuman Maxine Smith Pauline Cornwell ary l lCv>1*3.0 Cleanctr McRae L u cille Harrison Dixie Harris Iva Sridurance Florence Srilth Cecile M ille r Nancy Love Powell Mattie McGregcr Gertrude Mi eke11s Essie Sawyer .dele Pew a l l Bernice Lynn Georgendt Clark Zoe Karris Idlth Powell Isabel McRae Nancy Harrison Sybil P0wel 1 Mary Elizabeth Campoell.

Sore Outside Events.: On Sunday, February 5th, I9 H , M issouri's State CapisoJ building- burned.— I t replaced the S tate's f i r s t capitol, b u ilt xn 1326, destroyed by fir e in 1337. The 1911 ;t ca p itol was b u ilt in 1833, at a cost Ql #2 .,0,000.

In R olla, Parker H all was planned, and the contract l e t so tne Hiram Ll°yn Construction Company, of St. Louis, for $57,777-00. On October 24, the Masonic Lodge ippropriate la id th® corner stone, and the building was dedicated, 1 soeeches, an afternoon fo o tb a ll game with Central College ( Centra, 27, Rolla 11), and a* ^rand b a ll in Mechanical Hall in the evening.

_ Jp;

_ , 1 9 1 2 In A p ril, Dr. Bay singer and W.D. Jones were re-elected to tee d^ard, teicn tnen conasted of McCaw and Reach ..Clark and Campbell .. Baysinrer and For uhe County, John A. Mooney was school superintendent. Serving with him as tee county's "te x t book com ission" weie John F. Hodge and Robert Jones.

■ f or the 1912-13 year, the teaching s ta ff was th is: Supt. John R Telton .. nu ocnool Principal, Fred Harvey .. Assistant principal, Jessie Via. For tee grades: Central East Ward Principal, Rm $ ..Anna Lepper Principal, Sadie Donahoe, Rm 4 .

Rm 6 .. Cuba Niblack Rm 3 ..Miriam H eller Ethel Scott 5 2 .. Georgia Harrison Edna Wrigjit 4 1 . . Grace Carpenter Mary Shaw 3.

Lincoln . . . no apolicant 2 Fern Beard on ( See below) 1 M ollie Holmes As of June 30, student population was th is: White boys, 375 . . g ir ls 446 ..

A a ll 320 ..Negro boys, 19 . . g ir ls 20 .. t o t a l 39 . Entire to ta l, 859. Tte figure fer the preceding year ( 1911-12) was 793.

4*~\ ((((C o rre c tin g the teacher s t a ff table as of August 29, Anna Lepper took Rm S, Claire N iles resigned, Ethel Scott moved over to East Ward, Edna Zeiseniss replaced Fern Reardon, Juanita C a llic o tt and Roberta Tetley came in new ) ) ) ) ) ) Schools closed for Christmas holidays with Christmas trees and programs in each o f the grade-brooms. 273 white bore, 303 g ir ls participated, 576 a l l .

Mrs C.D. Jamison l e f t Rolla fo r a position as Professor c£ English at tee L 0s Angeles M ilita ry Academy - a high grade school vhich employed only top-notch teachers. Editor Woods said, "She q u a lifie s ".

The Rol_la_ School_af_ Music, was given a tremendous boost in prestige when, bn February 15, 1912, Dr. J.J.Bassett-Wooton was added to the fa cu lty, He was a graduate of Leipsic University, Gerrrany .. had a PhD from Heidelburg ..secured a degree cf Music Doctor from Oxford and New York. Previous to coming to Rolla, he spent fiv e years at New York University, and four at New Brunswick, Canada. He crams to teach advanced piano, organ, and vocal music. He had played in concert over Europe, Canada, and the United States.

On March ?, 1912, Dr. Wooton gave a concert featuring compositions by Beethoven, L is zt, said to have been the fin e s t program ever given in R olla. On March 19 he performed again, using selections by Chopin. The Rolla Herald conunanted, saying that "Dr. Wooton is an a r tis t of highest rank". And on May loth, Dr. and Mrs Wooton gave a 2-piano r e c ita l, playing numbers from works of Beethoven, L is zt, Gre ig, and R a ff. They were en thu siastically received. Mrs Wooton ( "E s te lla ") had a degree of bachelor of music from New York University.

The Rolla School o f Music was located somewhere on Main Street, north cf 4th stre e t. On the facu lty, besides Dr. and Mrs Wooton, were Agns s Deegan and other teachers. In current advertisements cf the School, the Henningers are not mentioned. They had established studios in St. Louis. Did this mean they had given up th eir management in Rolla?

An item cf especial interest is that, for the f ir s t time, we have come upon a re cord.that states that the Rolla High School had it s own orchestra. As of November 21, John W. Scott was training and d irectin g I t , and i t was to furnish the music for the meeting cf S.C.M.T.A., convening on November 30t 1912.

Sore_Lmportant_out^ide_eve nts_: On A p ril 18, 1912, the Titanic ocean lin e r h it an Iceberg and sank with great loss cf l i f e . That same day, Mrs. Geo. R. Dean, , as f i r s t president, and Mre Jane Goe Brant ( Mrs Fred), as secretary, organized the R olla Civic Club. Gn June 27, Woodrow Wilson (democrat), William H. Taft ( republic an); and Teddy Roosevelt were competing fo r nomination as United States oresident. Roosevelt bolted the republican party, ran on the "Bull Moose" tic k e t.

In the November electicpn, Champ Clark (democrat) was fergotten, Woodrow Wilson won, Roosevelt polled more votes than Taft did.

In Rolla, the Civic and Saturday clubs entertained the 6th D is tric t Federated Womans' Clubs. Dr. YYooton favored them with organ solos, Mary McCme and Mrs 3.B.Bentley sang solos. And the MSM students presented "The Hussars", Earner

54 ^ Y E A R ___ 1 9 1 3 HOyip I d_LLL fo r 1913 1was mi.ssing. 3o ./ no 3x 5 cards.

Che Kolia lit! an g3t loan of i t from State Hist Socy. ("HE FOLLOWING r Aoio ARE KNOV/N ) YTP. AR 1913.— The Board /rembers !iB< in Apri1 were Knapp and Dr. W.S. Smith f u ll Board was. then Messrs. McCaw am Reach . .Baysinger and Jones .. Knapp and SmTh 1 . ....F o r the County, John A. Mooney was school superintendent.

The Teaching S ta ff included John R. Yelton as superintendent, _ as High School principal, Jessie Via as assistant principal.

For the Grades, thes Central Central School Bast Ward School Rm S & Prin ., Anna 5poer Rm 4 & Prin. Sadie Donahoe Rm 7 •• C laire S ile s Rm 4* • • Edna W rigit 3 •. Miriam H eller 6 ..

3 ..

2 .. Ethel Scott 2 .. Edna Zeiseniss 1 ..

5 ..

1 .. M ollie Holmes Lincoln .. ? m .

In absence o f better data, as of Aug. 29,1913, Claire N iles had resigned, Ethel Scott was moved'from Central to East Ward, Edna Zeiseniss replaced Fern Reardon, Juanita C a llic o tt and Roberta Tetley were newly hired. These evidently f i l l e d the l i s t s fo] entral School, and East Side Ward school. (These assignment are subject to la te r correction)

1 CVM Th May 15, '69

55

With Jay sin g e r and Wes Jones were ns-elected.

THE YEAR 1914.- m A pril, Di Knapp and Dr. V .:.S.Smith.

E .H a rv e y Roa< them, the Board consisted of H. McCaw, Sc Caw was president, Roach the secretary.

For the county, John A. Mooney contimed as school superintendent.

The Teaching S ta ff for 1914-15, as elected on June 11, included these: S terlin g Price Bradley, from S p rin gfield , replaced John R. Tilton , who continued u n til graduation exercises were completed, May 2?th. Jessie Via was elected assistant prin cipal of the. High School. William Buck was the prin cip al. Prof. Bradley had taught a t the towns cf Troy and Elsberry, and had been county school superintendent o f Gr eene county for eight years. ...The teachers fo r the grade schools were these: B.Viard shool Central School Prin cipal & Rm 4 ..Sadie Donahoe P rin cip a l & Rm 8 .Anna Lepper Rm 3 • • Mrs Mabel Smith Rm 7 . .Mrs 3. P. Big.dley 2 .. Miriam. Helle r 6 .. Bertha Wilson 1 .. Myrtle East . .

Mary Shaw 5 . .

Edna Wright 4 0.• . . Julia Brown Lincoln . . . . ?

J 2 . . Edna Zeiseniss 1. M ollie HoI ce s As of SeptT 10,1914, the pupil enrollment was th is : In the two grade schools, 503 pupils. In High School, 86 . . At Lincoln, negro, 16. Total cf a ll, 610.

One cf the f i r s t programs o f Kish School graduation exercises, at the end o f the John R. Yelton adminj s tration , lis te d these graduates — sons of whom, la te r became prominet R olla c itis e n s : Florence Smith Edith Greenweight Bertha Dent Fern Hunt Annie Snelson Olive Scott Eleanor McRae Madge Freeman Florence Wyant Blanche Dunivin Martha Pillmsn I'tie graduates enjoyed a sumptuous banquet at the Methodist Church basement.

The New High_School Building^ Cedar S treet^ 8th_ to_ 9 th_st_reets. - By January 1, the School Eoard advanced the idea of voting fo r a $27,000 bond issuq/isfng proceeas to build a new high school building. Because they did not s u ific ie n tly publish necessary fa cts, the Rolla Herald said "NO < F ir s t, give us the fa c ts .

The Board, rep lied that i t had options on six d iffe re n t sites, and forthwith called an ele ctio n on the $27,000 bond issue. Harry McCaw was president, E.H. Roach secretary.

The others were C.M.Knapp..Dr. W.S. Smith.. 4 .D.Jones and Dr. Baysinger.^ ^ Lack of confidence on the part cf the voters resulted in. a vote 01 246 to 19o . • and th at was not a two—thirds m ajority, as required. The Board now lis t e d the several s ite s — which included one at junction cf Soest Road and Salem avenue .. one on property cf A.Neuman, four blocks south of 1st street . . one in the Ladd Addition, on State street, 11th to 14th .. one on the Kerr lo t , north side c f $2th street, between Oak and the Frisco railroad, and the one on Cedar street, east side, be ween 8 th and gth stre e ts . The la s t named site, was f in a lly approved.^ The B0ard again submittedthe $27,000 bond issue - and at passed, on July 30, 1914, 258 to 115 •• exceeding the 2/3 requirement.

The Rolla School_of Music. - As of January 22, 1914, the Henningers seem, to have severed- connsction with the School. Dr. am Mbs.^Bassett-Yfccton s t i l l tau ght... ^he" the subjects of piano, voice, music theory, aid she the piano. Agnes Deegan taught v io lin .

On May 7, 1914, Prof. E. Homer Scott, head of the Chicago Conservatory F. of aa.A ius ic ( originated in Rolla as the Western Conservatory), v is ite d Rolla . . he so-d -hat it s Rolla branch was directed by Dr. Bassett-Wooton, and that the Rolla school ~ was a graduating branch of the Chicago conservatory. four graduates were tec l i e a i i i e r - Graduation day was May gth. Ths , 7 : si (.qi"r 4-h pyprcises P ro f. E.H .Scott Ruth Beard . . Charlotte Farris .. am Albert C. Gale. In the exercises, . , - . . _ former "Western Conservatory", as fo llo w s , mer Rolla I pointed out nine g ra d a tes oT the former M^ Faulkner . . j qS Poole .. .M .K r feesdames: A.L.McRae .. A.J.Betts . . -u.M.ivnapy C.L.Woods .

Perry, L izxie Cornwall . and N.A.Kinrey. Charlotte Farris sang three songs personally composed by Dr. Wooton.

May 1 >, *69 Ye ar_19.14, _corrt.

56 -

Outside_ Events .The Holla business .men - "fe e lin g their oats" .. were so brave as to challenge the women of the Rolla Civics Club to a sp ellin g .match. The challenge was accepted, and forthwith twenty-eight o f H olla’ s women proclaimed they were read to wipe the men o f f of the globe. Twenty-eight men declared i t couldn’ t be done.

And so they chose leaders, and went at i t . Prof. John 3. Scott, la ter the county probate judge, gave out the wcrds. In a short time, one man and eight women were s t i l l in the b a ttle . Frank H. Farris, the last man up, missed the ward "cerulean".

The women spelled it co rrectly . . and the 500 spectators gave the women a rousing cheer. The a f f a i r was held in Parker H all. . . .

YEAR 1914-’-

(co n t.)

- 57 -

Some OutsideEvents On Jan 15,1914, JA Spiiman was advertising Model T Ford l o r i l 9, Prof. L.E. Garrett was actin.s director of school of Mines autos. . in ol. ce ox iws Tonng & J. tope lard . . . . On April 16. he contract to build the T) Jackling Gymnasium had been le t to Edwin ong and Robert MeCaw for $54,844.00 . . . .

U Arne n e a r fle e t to Vera Cruz because Mexicans had ip r il 23, Pre s.

Wilson sent On & j arrested American marines and insulted the fla g . The troops fixed on, and occupied Q jVera Cruz . . . . On June 18, Clark C. (" P it t s " ) Bland drove his Maxwell auto from .On July 2, the Rolla Council passed Houston to R olla ( 55 miles ) in 3g hours an ordinance regulating automobiles it v licenses cost * 2 . 50 . The fir s t eig*it n it .. F.W.Webb .. drivers who got licenses were Chas L. W, Farris, and Dr. Ei< Edwin Long Frank H. Dr. Adams Livery Co. .. W.J. M itchell W a lk e r....... On July 16, several Rolla citizen s brought in a Redpath-Vawter Chautauqua company which put on a fiv e day program ....... On August 4, 1914, World War One was declared .. with England, Russia, France, Sesvia, and Montenegro opposed to Germany and Austria-Hungary....... On August 27, German armies over-ran Holland and France . . . .

On August 27, contractors Long and MeCaw had the Jackling Gym w ell under way. I t measured 72 x 128 feet in p la n ......... On December 24, the spectacular School of Mines fo o tb a ll team of 1914 had beaten every team i t played against, and had the ra tio n 's Curatcrs appointed Durward Copeland director top record ...And on Dec. 28, th< o f the School of Mires. He shortly resigned.

--------- ooooooo— T H

I

AR

19 15

THE YEAR 1915-16 ■ At the A p ril election , 1915, Wes. D. Jones and Dr. S.L. re-elected o the Board, which then consisted of Messrs. HR MeCaw..

E.H. Roach ..D r. WS Smith .. CM Knapp . Jones and Baysinger. Knapp was president, Roach secretary. ^-Dr. Bay singer resigned on July 8th, and Dr. S.W.Walker took his place.

For Phelps County, Mr. A.Z.Black replaced John A Mooney as County Supt Schools.

On May 6, plans for the new High School Building had been made, bids re­ quested, and contract awarded to the Chas. C u n liff Co., of St.Louis. But before this, a suitable site had to be chosen. The Board considered six s ite s : (1) a lo t at S.E. corner of Salem avenue & Soest Road .. (2 ) On property of A.Neuman, 4 blocks south cf 1st s tr e e t. . . (3) The Kerr lo t, north side of 12th street, between Oak street and Frisco railroad . . . ( 4 ) Three lo ts on west side of State Street, in Ladd's addition, owned by JH Bowen . . . ( 5 ) A lo t ownec by Chas Schuman, north side cf 14th street, at Elm .. and (6) a lo t on east side of Cedar street, between homes of JA Spiiman and _._.U eltzen.

The choice was submitted to the voters, who favored the Cedar street location - which was adopted. The special election had been held, on Jan. 14,1915.

I.T .P e tr a g lio began excavation on May 20, 1915. By August 5th, bride work was ndarly dors. The building was p ra c tic a lly complete by Sept. 9th. With appropriate ceremonies, the- building was dedicated on Dec. 13, 1915.1 107 high school pupils were \on that date 1 enro He cL The corner stone had been la id by Mis souri Grand Master cf the Missouri Masonic Lodge on June 23rd.

THE TEACHING STAFF for the year, 1915-16 was th is : Supt. R olla schools.

Prof. S terlin g Price Bradley ...HISchool Principal, William Buck . .Asst. Prin. Jessie Vi For the grade schools, these: East Ward Central Edna Wright Rm 4 • . Sadie Domhoe Anna Lepper Rm 8 ..

Rm 4 . • 7( • * Mrs S.P. Bradley Julia Bravn 3 . . Miriam H eller 3 ..

0 Edna Zeiseniss 2 . . Mrs Mabel Smith 1 * * V irginia Hutcheson 6 ..

1 . . Myrtle East M ollie Holmes 1 ..

Grace Pew e l l 5 ..

Jeffreys. . .Mis s Eugenia Line oln School A school census cf July 8 , 1915 , lis te d 325 white be ys ..353 g:ir i s .. t o t a l 684.

There were 23 nsgros . . making a grand to ta l of 707. on Sept. 16 lis te d the follow ing numbers:

58 -

Year L915. cont.

(A) in the High School . . . 104 students, At Central and Ward schools, these: ( b ) Central School (C) Easl Ward School Room G irls .. A ll Room Boy; lir ls A ll 1 2b 19 1 45 32 15 17 2 22 2 21 13 18 43 36 Q 21 J 34 13 3 14 13 27 1 11 13 4 29 32 4 17 15 c; 22 24 46 127 6 11 Lincoln 42 31 11 13 24 18 26 7 44 GRAND TOT, +71 pupils .

3 22 15 J lL 320 The fin an cial report for year ended June 30,1915, contained these figu res: Receipts, general, fund, $14,877.51 ..Expenditures $11,673.71 ..Balance $3,203.80.

The tax lev y was $1.25 per $100 valuation ...The Building Fund figu res were these: Receipts $12,664.78 ..Spent $2,374.54 ..Balance $10,270.24. . . . Bond issues out­ standing included $3,000 of and $37,500 of 5% bonds.

H olla1s_ Special- Musical Events, while not o f f i c i a l l y a part of the public schools, nevertheless took the p i ce of musical instruction in those schools - hence have a place in this narrative. A -firstt event was a musical reci t a l }by students in the Rolla School o f Music, jbn Feb. 25: 1915~| The student participantsgwere these: Babette Gottschalk Helen Coulson B illie Farris Hazel Dent Mary Case Jo. McDermott G ir lie Campbell Marian Knapp Naomi Pollard Gladys Lorts Maxine Smith Florence Mitchell.

Gertrude Pau lsell.

Most cr a l l cf these were pupils in the Rolla public schools.

On May 27, the Bassett-Wootons gave a personal r e c ita l in Parisr Hall, in which they presented numbers from the works cf Chopin, Gounod, L is z t, Chaminads, Wagner, Rachmaninoff, Cadman, Haydn, and Bullard. This was an outstanding treat fo r School cf Mines students, hcwnsmen,'and public school students. ncKin; On august 5th, John W. Scott, with his orchestra, gave a concert Students o f the public schoolmand of the School df Mines participated, playing cornet, trombone, cla rin et, ocarino. Marian Kmpp^played solo v io lin . Thomas C Gale handled the cornet. Walter Scott played on saxiphone, clarin et, mellophone. William Kahlbaum played the tuba bass. Worthy Reach handled drums and. the baritone "euphonium1 and Olive Scott accompanied on piano. Several cf these players were public school students - others students -at the School cf Mines.

On August 12, the Henningers, who started the Rolla School of' Music, had eviden tly given over control of the Rolla branch to Dr. Bassett—Wooton — and had established studios in St. Louis, where they had 200 pupils and 5 teachers. Mrs Kenninger was appointed to a State committee vhich would formulate a four-year music program fo r Missouri public schools.

On August 19, Mrs S.B. Bentley, characterized by the Rolla Herald as H olla's "topmost soprani s o lo is t" an "outstanding singer", was arranging the musical program, fo r a county-wide Sunday School convention.

On :tober 21, the Chicago "Western Conservatory" . ( vhich had originated in Rolla in 1833 ) had headquarters in the Mailers building, Chicago. Hornet Scott, formerly of Rolla, was it s president. I t was said to be one of the foremost musical schools cf the United States. I t tad nearly 100 brandies outside of Chicago — one o f which was. that cf Rolla, now directed by Dr. J.J. Bassett-Wooton. . . . But on December 2 1915 Dr. Wooton severed his Rolla connection, and want to the St.James Episcopal Church* of Pittsburgh, Pa., where he was organist and choir master. Both his sons were liv in g there, and both were professional singers.^ The xtolla Herald said th is cf Dr. Wooton.: " He was a musician of highest accomplishment and unusual m erit. WE GREATLY REGRET HIS DEPARTURE". He was probably the greatest musician ever to liv e and perform in Rolla. , A fin al musical event, sponsored by students at the School cf Mines, was

- 59 a r e c ita l, on November 4, 1915, by Mrs. Marguerite Clark, at Parker H all. ..She nac high ly r ic voice, o f exceptional range and resonance, The Herald editor said that her performance "exceeded the most sanguine e x p e c ta ti o k 11. She pie sen te d a series of popular songs -which th r ille d the audience, and precipitated repeated encores -"which were b e a u tifu lly given". Dr. Bassett-Vooton accompanied her on the piano. Interim numbers were given by Arthur Baron, foremost v io lin is t o f the St. Louis symphony orchestra.

Some_0ut sid e__Events_: Other events cf much importance occurred within this 1915 year. On March 6 =7 ,1915, the Rolla post o ffic e was moved from the southwest corner cf 7th and Pine s tre e ts ( The Campbell B ldg.) to the new building at northeast corner o f 9th and Pine. Mrs Elizabeth Cornwall, veteran Rolla school teacher, was named post m istress. The new o ffic e opened on March 3th. Rural routes 1-2-3-4 were established.

On May 7th, 1915, the ocean lin e r Lusitania was suhk o f f the coast of Ireland, while on the way from New York to England. 1300 persons perished.

In Rolla, salesmen for automobiles included H. McCaw, for Buicks ..

JA Spilmai fo r Fords . .R.H. James for Maxwells end Oldsmobiles ..and Clyde Reinohl fo r Dodges.

The week csf August 17, 1915, brougit the highest floods on the Gasconade and other area r iv e r s that were ever ro corded. At Maramec Spring, water topped the old cast iron water wheel. At Valley Park, on the Maramec, water stood at the second flo o r le v e l. I t covered the Frisco bridge at M oselle. There was no mail d elivered in Rolla u n til Monday, August 23rd. Prof. J.H. Bowen, in St. Louis, wanted to get home to R olla. To do this, he went .by train from S t. Louis to Mexico c it y . thence to Sedalia and Fort Scott, Ksndas - thence to S p rin gfield and Rolla.

He got back to R olla on Tuesday, August 24th.

A fin a l event for 1915 was the holding o f a Chautauqua program from August 13 to 17* The principal speaker was Governor Henry Buchtel, cf Colorado. ...R o lla was determined to have both education end culture l i

1916 . - At the annual school ele ctio n ( A p ril 4 ) , VI.S.Smith and Tffi YEAR ritd------_ , . , i .1________________ fir * S SI 5 )3 1 rec-cr were elected forih e throe year term, and Dr. Sh i vialxer P.H. McGr 11° 4 -^m A. 5.

N iles and C.M.Knapp were defeated.

The the reira inder of the two year term.

H.icCaw aid E.H.Rcaeh . .

Dr. VJalker and W.D.Jones . fu ll board a f t e r the ele cti on was: Dr. Smith and P.H. jucGro gorp. Ro^chwas secretary. i For Phelps County, A.Z .Black was re -e le c te d * e«y «-ht ?

The Teaching S ta ff elected by the Board was th is: Superintendent, S.P.3radley Hidi school principal, W.H. LeFever. Assistant principal and Teache r Training, Jessie v ia . S i s i a n t t a p i r s fcr tte High School .ora Prof John B. Scott Hendrickson Gertrude E Becker, cf S p rin gfield , was elected to teadi Latin an- German ? l t h i high school. Ite Board decided t o add either home econo,race or book-keeping to the highrSth e °g r S e e )CS ^ 'L e p p e r .a s principal at Central ..Sadie Donahoe at East Sari . . and May Clark at Lincoln.

The other teachers ware these.

East iVard C entral: R m 4 .. S a d ie Donahoe 3 .. Julia Brown Em 8 ..Anna Lepper 3 ..

Miriam H eller 2 . . Mrs E-.Cornwell 7 iI Mrs SP Bradley Mabc ilTS J bJt i. oImith 2 1 .. M ollis Holmes.

6 .. V irgin ia Hutchinson Myrtle Smith, 1 5 .. Prudence Chappel , , w m , 1 Edna Y/ri^ht Lincoln Senool ...May Glartc 4 udna ‘i - 10 z figu res: High school, 112 pupils; The School census of Sept. 7 give tnese ij -a i o on o T T -jo tWard' 120 .and Lincoln 22.

A to ta l of 5b7* Central, 3 A v M b e r ^ 1916* a Rolla Parent-Teacher association was organized, a t, i ' h1 — -- — W * w , I IQ ^ i I___Lfx On N S.P.Bradley. Mrs Cornwell was raced secretary. 1 on the suggestion of Supt. W W -._ r _-« - three_d ses3icn in R olla.

November 30, the S.C.M.T.A., met 1 referred to as the "Rolla Branch" o f the me iw im nw u. being conduc ted by R olla1s ali-tiras ^ ^ £ “ 1 % % ? *i f a u d io s ,M o o r departments. It s credits

- 60 (YEAR 1916 con t.) were transferable to the Chicago headquarters. The four departments were these: ( l ) Piano, taught by Miss Olive Scott . . ( 2 ) V iolin , under Miss A lice Deegan .. and the brass instruments by John W. Scott Mrs sent (3) Voice, On May 18, this Rolla department cf Western Conservatory gave a r e c ita l 'o r piano studaits under Miss Scott. The participants were the se: Helene .Stirobach Marj on e Sha ver G ir lie Campbe 11 sanor Howerton Nancy 'Clam Elizabeth Long Elba Salts Marian Knapp Luman Long S a lly Larsh Mary Larsh Josephine Bowen.

Mildred F o llo w ill Elizabeth Larsh group program included 12 piano solos, and b.vo on v io lin .

The The Henninger School of Music, which had moved to St, .Louis, with studios at 2843 north Grand, s o lic ite d Rolla stud a its , and arranged far i t s Dr. Frederick L ille b rid g e to conduct Rolla piano classes on every third Tuesday. His Rolla pupils included these: Ruth Beard Maxine Smith Myrtle East Blanche F o llo w ill Buenta Shaver Marjorie Sharer Pauline Watson Margaret McRae Mrs W.H.Powell(3t.James) Some_extericr_ events.— On February 24th, the School o f Mines sponsored a concert conducted by John W Scott. The performers included the M.3.M. male quartet, the M.S.M. mandolin dub, the. Rolia&o orchestra, and Scott’ s Rolla orchestra.

The usual Chautauqua session was held August 18th to 22nd, the annual. Sunday School c&nvention August 24th and 25th. And a branch of the Central Business College, o f Sedalia, opened sessions on August 24th.

CHS YEAR 1917.•ele cted The annual school election was held on A pril 3rd • H.I am Joseph G. Campbell elected in place cf E.H.Roach. The voters approved a 9 month school and a levy ~ of $1.00 per $100 valuation. Tie f u l l board was then as fo l11cws: Dr. EW Walker an 1 W.D.Jones .. Dr. W.S.Smith and P.H-McGregor ..H.R.M aw and Jos. 0. Campbell. The Board then elected the follow ing teaching s t a ff: Supt. S.P.B radley... .Hi<h school principal, W.K. LeFever ..Assistant prin­ cip al and in charge o f teacher training, Jessie Via ...A ssista n t high, school teachers, Georgia Hendrickson and Clara Reuther, who taught English, Latin, Gernan. , ,.ihe grade teachers were these: G~.nt r e l Princ. & Rm. 4, ?u?- 8 M~t~Pri nci m l , Anna Lepper Rm 3 • • Julia Brown Sadie Do:ahoe Mrs SP Bradley 2 ..

Bessie Casselman Rm ( ., Rm 3 ..Miriam H eller Virginia Hutchinson .1 ..

K o llie Holmes.

6 «,, 2 . .Mrs Mabel Smi S te lla King y • 1 ..

Myrtle East L . Edna Wright Lincoln . . . . | The Western Conservatory (Rolla branch) continued under direction cf Miss ScottT “ I t is “ here included te cause no similar music courses were given in the Olive nublic schools and the Conservatory supplied that need. On D e r a il last.; the Vocal Department headed by Mrs S.3. Bentley A teacher of exceptional a b ility , voice culture and training" — gave a r e c it a l in which these pupils participated: Lve S cott., « laudia Allen Jennie Lenox Elizabetfcodgss .. Buenta Shaver . . 01i\ lied Evelyn McGregor .. and*Ste 11a Westlake. Sane cfths numbers they sang included or Mine"(Dennce).

"In the Darkrand the Dew" (Coombs) .."S in g On” (Denza) .."S leep , Bd "til sir children with The news e d ito r remarked, " Parents make^no mistake by placing The same group, with Emma Montgomery. .Ju lia McFarland •• and Mrs Bentley". ^are a second re cite. 1 on May 17th. They sang numbers from Maxine Smith added, 1 Grricp* • • Bra.hms •» ScIhidbf t *• cin d Schuiii3.nn« — __ _ ^ __. .____.________________ composers Grieg . .Bra.^,^ -----------------

6l On ..‘lay 17th, the piaio department, Olive *ot \jj lire Coor ave a xe c it a l.

The particim n ts were these: Pearl A llison :Mary Jane Campbell : Mar y Case :A licia Baker Alma Hawkins Louise Barley Mar gare t McRae Margaret MeCaw n-'lma oalts Josephine Bowen Dorothy Culbertson Nancy Clark Elizabeth Long Kathleen White G ir lie Campbell Elizabeth Larsh Mary Emily M ille r Juliana Baumais ter Mary Larsh Mary Small SaLLy Larsh.

On June 7, 1917, i t was reported that Dr. John J. Bassett-VJooton had committed suicide at Pittsburgh, Pa. ..L e ft to mourn vr.vre two sens by his fir s t wife ( who had died in 1901) and his sec end w ife, the former Sstella Rowden, o f Crocker, Mo Records Dr. Wootin l e f t revealed that he was a "baronette", and was called "Sir John Wooton". He was 49 years cf age, and ted served ad "d irec te r" of the Western Conservatory cf Music, Chicago. His remains were shipped to St.Louis for bu rial.

S^qne_Ejcteri_or Eve nts£ The 1917 session cf Rblla Chautauqua brought in these musical entertainers: ‘The Venetian Trio .. the Cathedral Choir . .the' Killarneys the "Maids cf K illarney" . . and the Hawaiians. Playe r groups included the Copley Players and Page ant cf tie Year ( lo c a l boys and g ir ls ). Addresses were made by Minne sota congressman J. Adam Bede .. Dr. Edwin A Brinton ( on Paraguay) ..Charles H. Plattenburg .. and Edward E. Kemp (m onologist)...........Prof. Yf.H.Lynch, fie ld agent fo r S.W. State Teachers College, and former head cf "seminaries" at St.James and S t e e lv ille , v is ite d Rolls., He was characterized as "Missouri’ s foremost educator".

And on January 11, John Scott again presented his 25 piece orchestra, with the M.S.M. mandolin club and male quartet, in another School of Mines concert.

■.. ; A special feature of the 1917 year was a great re v iv a l meeting held in Rolla, from August 30 through October 14th. The World War One was on, and • Phelps County boys were drafted and sent for training to Foot Riley, Kansas.

Even H olla’ s mayor, Hon. Louis H. Breuer, resigned to go into m ilita ry service.

The program far the meeting was as f o l i o s: ( Note particu larly the part the school childrens’ choir took). ( go to 62 ) 0ther_ Exterior_events: Tte Christian Church, at SE comer 8th and Main streets burned on Surd ay, December 13th. The School Board invited the church to use the high school auditorium. ...The S.C.M.T.A. convened in Rolla, November 1 -2 -3 ...The 6th D is tric t Federated Womens Clubs met in Rolla, October 18-19-20, Mrs Geo R.Dean, ore sile n t ..Mrs S.B. Bentley had chargp o f the music . . . .

- 62 m rjT? ■nrp ln lir D i l i UNION EVANGELISTIC

ROLLa

YEAR' 1917 Aug 30 . . .Meetings combine effo rts by Rolla Bapfc Lsts. .Methodists rrss byte rians .

Christian churchs s. ...THE EVANGELIST is John M. Linden. ref/Mann & wife are choir d irector & pianist.

Sept 6 . . . The Churches ask city council to furnish, fre wane le c t r ic it y fo r the tabernacle......... TABERNACLE to be on Baysinger lot,/$th & Pine 'opposite the Post O ffice" . . . .Churfhes to pay a l l labor /OSuS » • t * R. Heraid p rin ts photos of Prof & Mrs Mann, choristter & pianist.

Sept 13 jetinss are "now on". Herald prints photo cf Evangelist John M Linden, He was f i r s t assistant to B illy Sunday. ...Tabernacle eats 1000 persons. ., b u ild

Tabernacle .

• «

•

The FIRST MEETING w3.S Frank B Powell Lumber Co. LOANS tie lumber.

Sept. 9 (Sunday). John W Scott led the music pa star Claude S Hanby, o f Methodist church, made dedication address.

20 . . . Tabernacle Program: ...Town bells ring a : 45 AM . .Prays r nee tings held a l l forenoons . . .Meetings held every nig except :Ifeidays . . .A.11 . i a l gue:sts on state d date clubs, lodges, students, church groups cade s; Public school pupils constitute a special "BOOSTER CHOIR" on Saturda niehts 'The "general choir" includes a l l persons over age 14 who w i l l join . guests. The childrens' Sept 271 ...A TREMENDOUS •TING. Special groups x "Booster Choir" hictU 200 s hool children in i t . They gave both songs and y e ll; one spe ciai ly for the eh oir A l l comers were given a pecial button to wear one for attendants. one fo r the "Sunbeams" ,...201 people "came forward". 130 were present 'church members .. 62 were new converts .. 9 passed in their church le tte r s . Evangelist Linden got no salary .. but accepted a "thank offerin g" . . .

Oci 14 ,.. The meeting closed, with Linden's sermon on "BOOZE - H e ll's populator and fam ily destroyer". In evening ( i t was Sunday), "Prepare To Meet Thy God Oct. 11 . . . Dr. Baysinger sells the Tabernacle Lot to Geo Castle man & Geo W Carney.

The Tabernacle meetings closed this day . . . but the (j?plla pasters secured Oct 14 W. J.W ill i anso n, of St.Louis, to come to Rolla for 5 days cf "follow up" services, from Monday Oct 15 to Fri ay the 19th. World .Jar 1 is on .. and he, with others, speak in favor of L ib erty Bond sale. ..GOODBYE TO 36 WORLD WAR ONE DRAFTEES. . . Big farew ell meeting. Rolla Sent. 20 ;o the iBSRNACIE store s clcs ;, the draftees, led by Chief H.A. Buehler, mar 1 ~ .-3 U -TP V, r*Ar% r*r-.

TVa ‘

by P rof. I>R.C. Mann, sings.

Talks were made by Phelps Jo. A choir of 1 QQ led Draft Board secretary, J.A. Watson .. by Rolla church pasters .. and by Evangelist John M. Linden. 400 school children attended. PHOTOGRAPHS WERE TAKEN AT THE TRAIN as the boys embarked. Thyy went to Ft. R iley"s "Camp Funston", Kansas. "THIS WAS A ROUSING SEND-OFF FOR THE 36 BOYS" .

- 63 THE YEAR 1918 In the A p ril 2 election , V/.D.Jones was re-elected, attorney Steve N. Lort: replace d Dr. I !»W.Walter. The 3j.11 bcaid was then this: H :Caw and J.G.Campbell ..

Dr. W»£ Dr. Smith was named P.H. McGregor .. W.D.Jores na •im. ori president; jGregor vice president. A nine month school was approved, but a levy o f §-1.00 on §100 was defeated......... A.Z.Blade continued as county super intend a it.

The teaching s ta ff for 1918-19 included Supt. C.E.Evans, mho replaced 5 .P.Bradley.

W.H. LeFever was s t i l l higi school principal. Jessie Via had teacher tra in iig and was assistant principal. Georgia Hendrickson contimed with languages, and Zoe Harris casein as the f i r s t teacher of home economics.

In the grade schools, these teachers: Rm 8 & Principal , East Ward: Mrs C.E. (Leta^J Evans.

5 S tella Kjn<£ Rm 4 & Principal Rm 7 .. Virginia Hutchinson 2 Bess Casselman Sadie Donah oe 6 .. Minnie Martin ( her 1st) ** Hanjo Stahlcup.

Lincoln .

Rm #3 Miriam H eller £ Moiiie Holme s 2 ..

Mr^ Mabel Smith 3 ..J u lia Brown 1 .. Myrtle East ( Zoe Harris resigned, Louise T^agitt replaced her ^placed hej f.H. LeFever1was re placed by Prof. ChaSj, 5, Cramer. ) Pupils in gaye these results: The school census of Sept. 5,1918, Sch ool In Ward In Central Rm 8 . .35 Rm 4 • • 21 R[u /.}- • . 30 7 . •31 3 .. 38 O • • 31 6 . •38 3 . .25 .

2 |.. 21 1 .. 31 5 . .40 Total 265 •1 ..31 ’ Total 10?

Lincoln school . 16.

Grand Total . . . 526.

The Weste_rn £°nservatcr_5a- Up to August 29, the conservatory a t Rolla continued with the four departments ..Piano under Olive Scott .. Voice with Mrs Bentley ..V io lin and the brass and redd instruments handled by John W Scott. On under A lice Deegan r* and atrl M r*d S.B.Bentley ."R. n-hl 1lpff.

1a n-rrrii XXX* me foregoing date, M Mr. Mrs e f t Rolla, going 'h ton C.: CsRay&oni The news editor said, " We g rea tly regret this l '” On November 22, the Piano Department gave a r e c ita l, directed by Olive Scott.

The participants were these: A lic ia Parker :Gladys Lorts sLenore Slawson Elizabeth Long Augusta Koch Marian Kenyon Mary Jane Campbell Kathleen White Elizabeth Hodges Mar£&ret McRae Alma Hawkins Lawrence Dale Mary Small Josephine Bcwen Juanita Williams Lima Salts Dorothy Culbertson Grace Gala Louise Barley Jane Shuttleworth Margaret Gray Naomi Erickson Lois Hanby Bernice Bunch H allie Southgate Juliana Baumeister Nancy Clark Helen Bowen Margaret MeCaw Olive Scott The Junior Orchestra assisted.

Other Events.- The principal events took in those connected with War Id War One Flu epidemics closed the schools and a l l other clubs ac institutions having congre­ gations. Foods were d ra s tic a lly res tricted . War bonds were sold. Finally, the war ended on November 11, 1918. I t had cost America some 14.5 b illio n s of d ollars.

The old League brought to Rolla his famous "Great Lakes Band" on October 4th. And P h il Sou ;ssion of Chautauqua was held. I t brought in tire Althea Players .. the 1918 Rolla. rhestra ..th e White Hussars ..and the speakers Dr. Jas. L. Gordon, Opis the Roumanian and Judge Manford Schoonover.

Read., E.T.Aust:

of Olive Scott

_ 6X _ TH YEAa 1919. on Aprix >ril 1. x , the voter o elected Dr. W.S. Smith and P.H. MeGr* The f u l l l card was tb I‘M and HE McGaw and JG Gampoell .. W.D.Jones and 3 .K.Lorts Dr. smitn .ni M cG reg o r.

M cGregor was mired pie sid a it , Lorts as secretary. or the county, A .2.Black defeated Jessie Via for county superintendent.

The Teaching S t a ff for High School included Supt. G.E.Evans, nroncipal Jessie Via ( teaching teacher tra in in g ) ..Georgia Hendrickson (Latin and H istory) . . Jennie Lenox » xXv mathematics ) . Koine !cononi! ic* For the grades, these: jenzvc E .’(Yard rrxn. is Pm a .. mrs ex xvans P rin . & Rm 4 ..Sadie Donai oe Bm 3 . • Anna Br own 2 . . Ethel Case Em 7 V irg in ia Hutchinson An 3 * .Miriam H eller 6 .. Minnie Martin 1 . . M o llie Holme s 2 . . Mrs Mabel Smith I .. S t e lla King Lincoln School . . . ??

1 . .Myrtle East 4 .. Helen Bay singer Later in the year, I£iriajji H eller was transferred to Rm 7, Central, and repla

by Emma Hume, who taught grades 5 and 6 at East Ward.

The school census o f Sept. 9 gave these fig u re s : In High School ..153j in L in c o ln sch o o l 9 9 Central, 280; in Ward, 120. Total whites, 400 The_ Western Conservatory.- This sehool seems to have disbanded with the marriage, on August 16, 1919, fid John M. Morris, o f Farmington, Mo. lhs_ 1919_seolion cf Chautauqua was staged from August 26 to 30th. Music and fun were furnished by the George Tack Co ..th e Weber Browns ..Jess Pugh & Go .. the Oxford Opera singers .. the White Hussars ( 9 g i r l s ) ..the Montague Light Opera .. Rip Winkle and the a gio P ip e r ... Wit and oratory 'were expounded by Opie Read . .Wm E Wenner ..

Judge Routzohn . . James Hardin Smith .. and M. Beryl Buckl e . Admission was 40£.

A special feature of a l l these Chautauqua sessions was a/OO.priing hour fo r school children# .d a ily 29th annual session cf the S.C..M.T.A. ocurred Mov. 27th to 29th. M issouri's : ore most educator, Prof. W.H. Lynch, addressed the group. And thus ended the year 1919-

THS YEAR 1920.

On A o r il 6 H.R.McCaw was re-elected a.nd Chas M Buhcfa newly elected fo r the three The f u l l board consisted of WD Jones and SN Lorts ..D r. WS Smith and PH ye ar term McGregor .. HR McCaw and Chas M Bunch. ..Voters approved a 9 month school, and a le v y o f $1.00 on $100. . . . A. Z.Black continued as county superintendent.

Hie Teaching S ta ff for high school included Suf>t .G.E.Evans, prin cipal Jessie Via, rocational agriculture i onomxc s y ,\ Mrs C.E.Evans ( Latin & English)| | Norma West (Home For the grades, thesd: Wilkins as te ache r. was th is year added, with F.( Ward School "Grades'* ~Central~ " " not rooms) Rrn 3 .Julia Brown P rin . & Rm 8 Florence White 3 &A4..Sadie Donahoe (p r in c ).

2 V irgin ia Hutchinson 5th & 6th Emma Hume 1 . . M ollie Holme s .

Rm 7 . .Miriam H eller 2nd . - Mrs Mabel Smith 6 . . Hel en Bay singer 1st . . Mildre d East.

5 •. Clara Dressendorfer 4 . . Minnie Martin Lincoln ? ________ __; The census of July 22 lis t e d 253 white boys, 283 g ir ls , 541 whites. 26 negros, a to ta l for H olla schools o f 567 . The County census same date lis t e d 413$ whites, 26 negros, a to ta l o f 4162. . . . The la te r census o f Sept. 9 lis t e d 153 pupils in high school , 280 in Central ..120 in Ward ..400 in a l l . Lincoln omitted.

A revision of the Teaching S ta ff, as cf Sept. 2, lis t e d Supt* C.iii.ivvsns and these.

Ward High School______ I C e n tra l Prin M Grades 3 & 4 Pr. & Rm 8 ,V.HntcMHBQn P r in c ., Jessie Via (Teach TrJ Sadie Donahce 7 ..Miriam H eller English ..Mrs Mabel Smith 5 & & ..Emma Hume Latin-Math ..Mrs CS Evans 5 § .Clara Die ssendorfer 2nd . .Fannie Mahee H istory ..Grace Bebb ..Hel*.en Bsysinger 1st Mildred East Home Ec. ..D ix ie Harris 4 . .Minnie Mar tin 3 ..J u lia Brom Voc Agr. . .FC Wilkins L in c o ln Hampton James. l

r

65 ( Year 1920 c o n t .)

A f i n a n c i a l r e p o r t dated J u ly 15 lo r tne y e a r ended June 30, showed to ta l r e c e ip t s of £ 2 7 ,187.28 . .e x p e n d ii ure s of $ 2 3,741.0 3, and balance of £3 ,44%.25.

The o u ts ta n d in g bonded d eb t was £ 36 , 500 , On De saber 21, j Pur :er H a ll, the p u b lL s c h o o l students presented the rnu P ilg r im s " . And on A p r i l 23, 1920, i i s s Anna Lepper, a lo n g time teacher pageant n "The a t R o lla , l a t e r of H a n n ib a l. d ie d at H a n n ib a l.

She was brought to R o l l a fo r b u r i a l .

The 19 P0 h a u t a u o u a T h is occu rre d from August 24th to 28th .

M u sic was fu rn is h e d by th; l i e . Ctc Germaine M a i l d a y T r io A r t is t s . . the Ladie s S in g in g O rc h e s tra . . the D ix ie G i r l s . . the New Y o rk G lee Club and M ale Q u a rte t. ...S p e a k e r s in c lu d e d R obert Bowman, (impe se n ato r) ..F r a n k D ixon ( on Being Robbed? ) .. A b e l Cantu ( Intervene i n M exico?)

El,'food B a ils \ ( C a l l of tyte Hour) ..F r a n k P Johnson (Community Problem s) .

A community Development A ssn", d ir e c t e d b y Mrs Marie Turner Harvey, assembled and t r a in e d seme s ix te e n c h ild r e n , age s 9 t o 1 5 , i n b ra s s band programs.

They to u red the county g iv in g concerts .

The_Y<sar_’ s_ Mu s i e a l Programs . - Both the Wester n G onservatory ( R o lla branch) and the Henninger S c h o o l cf Mus ic seem b y th is year t o l a w d isb an d ed .

However, R o lla s t i l l had i t s a ll- t im e "Music Man" , John W. S c o t t .

On J u l y 22, he d ir e c t e d a c o n c e rt a t the M e th o d is t church, perform ed b y h is 16 -p iece o r c h e s t r a .

P r o f . L.E.Woodman, 01 the S c h o o l o f Mine's, p re s id e d a t the pipe organ.

Tbs other p a r t ic ip a n t s were th ese : V i o l i n s . Leo L in z e r , Mrs Leo (Grace ) H ig le y , C o rn e ts , D a lla s Thompson and Sherm Tucke Ze v a il os . . .

C la r in e t s , Mary S m a ll and F Sherm Tucker, M a ria n Knapp, Luman Long _________ Drums, Mrs Win N o lte ...

10: m . Leo H ig le y . . . Trombone. Lee M a r t in . . . B a s s , E v e r i l O u sle y .Woodman, Saxophone. J .W alter See t . . P ian o . L i l l i a n A lle n ____ _ P r o f . L I n e s , P r o f. H.R.Arm sby, G e ra ld F R a c k s tt, and others presented A t the S ch o o l o f the p la y s of "S top, T h ie f" and "Officer 66".

The S ta r and G a rte r s o c ie t y sponsored f o u r e r e n t s : Tie P o t t e r s (song and s to r y ) . .the C a th e d ra l Made Quartet? . . . O ra to ry and tha in e r s , L o g ic .b y D r. Henry B la ck Burns . . and the Jordan LvIlloXc 1 E n t e r■ S ome E x c i t i n g Events : As of F e b ru a ry 5th, ihere was a re currence of the Sp an ish __ epidem ic seased.

Has ed r t i1l the I n f lu e n z a .

S c h o o ls , th eatre e a tr e s , church es, lodgp s < Then on March 28th (Sunday), a f i f t y - m i l e w ind g re e ted churchmen as th ey emerge d from t h e i r 11 o ’ c lo c k s e r v ic e s .

Not o n ly the wind, but FIRE l The o ld Goodman horns, d.f. southwest c o r m r o f town, i n so be way was s e t on f i r e — and from i t the lig a t e d These o tt e r c h ip s and paper fragments blew i l l over town, i g n i t i n g other f i r e s . f i r e s d e s tro y e d the Chas M Bunch home, on west side cf Elm s t r e e t , between 10th and The o ld Goettelm an 11th s t r e e t s .. t h e M alcolm barn at northw est co rn er cf 8th and M a in . a ls o of p u b lic s c h o o l u n it s , was b u ild in g , once the home of the W estern C o n servatory, s to p the f i r e s elsew h ere. th re a te n e d ( burned ?? ), b u t th e b r ic k w a lls helpsd

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~ Civil W ar Days ~ 1860 - 1865

By Dr. and Mrs. C la ir V. Mann R o lla , Missouri

COPYRIGHT, 1974

By C la ir V. Mann and Bonifca H. Mann Tenants By The E n tire ty A l l Rights Reserved.

Mo p o rtion o f th is Story may be reproduced

By Any Process Whatever Without W ritten Permission Of Copyright Holders.

__

).

A N A C T to incorporate the town of Kolia. §

1. The inhabitants of the town of Kolia incorporated; limits of the town ; to have perpetual succession ; general corporate pow ers; may hold, ac­ quire, lease, rent, and dispose of real and personal estate.

2« W h o corporate powers of the town vested in.

3. M ayor to be elected ; term of his office; qualifications of Mayor.

4. W ho to constitute Town Council; M ayor PreHitb'ut of Council ; council to elect President pro tc.vi ; his duties.

5. Council to appoint a Clerk ; his duties, 6. Council to lix tho terms of regular meetings ; M ayor may call meeting* of council.

7. Style of ordinances of the council; or­ dinances to l»o signed, by w hom ; to be published. ft. W h at to constitute a quorum of coun­ cil ; council authorized to levy uml collect taxes ; limit ns to taxation ; certain as tide* exempt from taxa­ tion.

9, Conueit shall have power as to mil* sutler's i as (o bawdy, gambling, and dln«»iiieiiy holme#; as to dm ill-shop*; As to shows; aa 1<» firing lire arms; u« to fust riding ; as to night >vwt«’h<u»j ns to sliest# and alleys,,Ve,, «Vu, 10# The Conorii ulmli ha ve power to usaenei lines, and to imprison ; for what ojf-

§ 12.

13.

14.

15.

10.

17.

IS,

19, VO. VI. 22.

Street Overseer, and prescribe bis duties; who shall work on streets.

Council shall have, power as to tho collection of taxes.

Council shall have power to appoin a Treasurer; Treasurer to give bond ; to appoint a Marshal; his duties; his term of office; Marshal to give bond ; bis powers and duties ; his foes; council to prescribe duties of Treasurer.

M ayor to be conservator of the peace ; other powers and duties of M ay or; as to vacancy iu office of Mayor.

M ayor to have jurisdiction of Justice of lVa.cc, and entitled to similar fees; as to appeals from jurisdiction oc M ayor ; as to mode of trial of ollondei’s be for a Mayor.* Council to appoint Assessor; his term of office.

1low vacancies Cu office of M ayor or Cunnctlmeit Idled.

W hen gen era 1election for town officer* to lie held ; iSmlietl to appoint, jmlgoii of election ; ns (»» the mittlHiH* of conducting slccflon ; judges fail* ing to attend, people may appoint.

AH officer* to take mi oath before en­ tering on didy, This act a public ret, thti/.cn* exempt from working nurottda.

M ayor and couucllmcn herein appoint* *d ; their term* of office.

11. Council shall have power to appoint u

JJe it enacted by the Oilier at ^Assembly of the State of Missouri, as follows: § 1. All that district of country embraced within tho following limits, to-w it: Section cloven, township thirty-seven, north of tho buso lino of range eight, west of tho fifth principal meridian, shall bo and is hereby in­ corporated, created and established as a town bv tho name of tho town of ltolla; and tho inhabitants thereof shall be and hereby constituted a body politio and corporate, by tho name and stylo of tho town of Rolla ; and by that name shall be known in law, have perpetual succession, sue and bo sued, impload and bo impleaded, defend and bo defended, in ill courts of law and equity having competent jurisdiction, and in all matters and actions whatsoever; may grunt, hold, purchase, lease and rcceivo property, real and personal, within said town, mid no other (burial grounds excepted,) and may do all other acts as natural persons; may have a common seal, and may change and alter tho sumo at pleasure. § 2c Tho corporate powers and duties of said town shall bo vested in a Mayor and seven councilman, and such other officers as arc hereinafter named. § 8. Tho Mayor of tho town council shall bo chosen by tho qualified Voters of said town ; ahull hold bis office for tho term of one year, and until Ida niirccmior is oloelod and qualified, and shall bo at the time of his eleejion at twenty dive yearn of age, and a oitiv.on of tho United Unities; shall have iimided hi said town at leant one year preceding bin oleetimi, ami ahull be a Inms^holder In said town. § I . Tho Mayor aml councillor^ shall cernfiMdo a town council, of which

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cimose from* theii own number a lVe.iid..nt pro tc/n^orc%who (dialI Hold Inti i/iiieo until tint next election of town oUieora, and who shall preside at the meetings of tho town council in tho absence of the Mayor. § 5. Tho council shall appoint a Clerk, who shall keep a faithful re­ cord o f their proceedings, and proservo in his office all records, public papers, and documents belonging to the town, and perform auch other duties as tho council, by ordinance, may preacribo. § G. T h o co u n cil s h a ll fix a n d r e g u la t e the tim o a n d p la c e f o r b i d d i n g th e ir s ta te d m e e t in g s ; find tho M a y o r , o r, in Ida abnoneo, tho !* r ««id o n t p i n

lvuijun'c, may cult u moating at any lime* 6 7. Tho wtylo of the lawn of a*id corporation ahall bo, “ Bo it ordained by tho council of tho town of R«Hiv;,f ami all ordinance* jmiwod by paid ronnnil nliall bo by tho uml OimUtrirdij'iMnl l»y tho ^'I n k , am i |»nli« Hatted for tho information of tho inhabitant*, in auch manner aa tho coun­ cil may direct, § 8. A majority of tho members of the council shall constitute a quorum to do business ; ond they shall have power by ordinance to levy and collect a tax not exceeding one dollar in any one year on all white male inhabitant* of the town over the age of twenty-one years; to levy and collect taxes on all personal and real property, subject to taxation for State and county purposes within the town, not exceeding one-fifth of one per cent, on the as­ sessed value thereof : Provided, It shall require the vote of two-thirds^ of the whole number of council to pass an ordinance for levying and collecting such taxes, and that no tax shall be levied on the wearing apparel or neces­ sary tools or implements of any mechanic or other person used in carrying on his trade* or the necessary books of any person used by him in his profess­ ion ; nor shall the same bo seized or sold for taxes. § 9. Tho council shall have power by ordinance to prevent and removs nuisances ; to prevent, restrain and suppress bawdy houses, gambling houses find other disorderly houses in the limits of said town ; to restrain and pro­ hibit gambling; to tax, licenao and regulate dramshops and tippling house#* ciroutiOH, shown, theatricals and other amusements within said town \ to proVent tho firing of guns or other explosive compounds ; to prohibit the fust and furious riding and driving of any horao or other animal in such town; to establish night watches arid patrols ; to open, clean, regulate, graduate^ pavo, or improve tho. streets and alloys of said town; to impose and appropri­ ate fines, forfeitures and penalties, for tho breach of their ordinances; and to pass such other ordinances for tho police regulations of said town, as they ■may deem necessary, not repugnant to the laws of this btate. § 10. The council shall have power to punish by tine not exceeding one hundred dollars, or by imprisonment not exceeding two days, or by both nurb (me uud im p ris o n m e n t, any person who shall willfully diniurb ll»o poaeo o f paid town* o r an y fa m ily in nnid to w n , by hm d and or ........ . <1 lb

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gaUthe Droperty*oVthe persontilble for the tax, in too same manner as property 4 or mav be required to be seized and sold under execution upon a judg­ ment at law; and no property shall be exempt from seizure and sale for taxPS a HA said town, except such as hereinbefore speemed.

5 13 . The council shall have power to appoint a Treasurer, jh o ahall, W o re ho enters upon the duties of his office, enter into a bond m a sum to t sneeffied by tho council, payable to said town, with two or more suffi­ c ie n tS u rities f residents of the county of Phelps, with such conditions aa

“ c-nto and return all process which shall be issued by the Mayor o f tn ho mav servo any criminal processes, warrants and subpeuas 8su!i ^ a i(i county of Phelps, for offonacs committed within the limits anywhere wi said \u:h otIior dutioa as tho council l»y ordinanco Of Hiud t0W'f l a‘,t , [,f0 pntitlml to tho foes that Sheriff and <.h.i«t*W«» t

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preuerit»o tho dtilma <»f 'IVoaMuror, fix his c«mtp<ntfiitlit>uv and rotuovo him or tho Marshal from office whenever they doom it proper and necessary. § 14. Tue Mayor shall bo a consorvator of tho peace within the limit* of said town ; it shall bo his duty to seo that all ordinances of tho council are rigidly enforced ; he shall havo power to remit fines and forfeitures, and grant reprieves and pardons, in any case arising under the town ordinance; and ten d^ys before tho general election of town officers, ho shall cause to be made out a correct statement of all moneys received and expended on account or said town for the preceding year, and shall cause the samo to be published in some newspaper in said town, if there be one, and if not, to be put up at four public places within the town ; and he shall also, in the same manner, give notice of the time and place ol holding each election for town officers, at least twenty days before said election ; and in case of a vacancy in the office of Mayor, or his inability from any cause to discharge the duties aforesaid, tho same shall devolve upon the President pro tern* § 15. The Mayor shall have, within the limits of said town, all the powers and jurisdiction vested in Justices of tho Peace in civil and criminal cases, and shall perform and exercise all tho powers and duties devolving upon Justices of tho Peace in similar matters, and in like manner, and he shall be entitled to similar fees ; and appeals may be taken from his judgments and decisions to tho Circuit Court, in like manner as in Justices’ Courts.

The Mayor shall havo jurisdiction in all cases arising under this act, and under all ordinances made in conformity with this act. lie may issue his Warrant, and cause to bo apprehended and brought to summary trial, any person accused of violating any of the town ordinances; ho shall grant tho ac­ cused the right to be tried by six competent jurors, who, if they find him guilty, shall iiMHosH hoi fine according to the ordinance l and il any person fined an aforesaid refuse to pay such fine, tho Mayor may mmd hint to Uu> county jail for a period not exceeding ten days. § l.i>. The council aha!I have power to appoint an A*?*renor for said town, •who shall hold h»H office for one year, and until hU titnrnemmr is appointed and qualified, and ahull pi'CHCttbo his duties ami fix his compensation by or­ dinance.

6 IT. A ll vacancies in the office of Mayor or cotmnlmou shall no tilled by special election, to be ordered by tho Mayor or President p re trut* or some one of tho council.§ 18. Tho general election for town officers shall he held on tho first Monday in Juno in every year, but in case of failure to elect on that day, tho council shall cause tho election to be held on some other day. Tho coun­ cil snail appoint judges of tho town election, and by ordinance prescribe their duties and tho manner of conducting such election, and making returns thereof; and if, on the day appointed for holding any election, tbo judges, or any of them, should fail to attend, the electors may appoint a judge or judges to hold such election. § 19. The Mayor, councilmcn and judges of election, and all other officers of said town, shall, before entering upon the duties of their respective offices, take an oath or affirmation to support the constitution of the United States and the State of Missouri, and faithfully to demean themselves m office. « S 20. This net ia declared to bo a public net, and may bo rend in evi­ dence in all court* of law and equity iu thin State, without further proof or pleading & 21. All citizens m illin g within tho corporation ahull bo ©xompt from wor king oil other roads, or road* beyond the limits of fluid corporation, or f r ,, (t,’„ r ,. vOK'iil, ef *IU Her or *»•«« !» r-tati-M. t.o H»«*

. ...i -|i. ||. . 4.UOUO »“• ! > » i-.l-l ♦ » it ^ iwiihop, iuhn Webber, llcnr/ Amiran, Jufiu imamma, K linage,

are hereby appointed council men, who, uiici being Morse, A. Malcolm July sworn according’ to tiro provisions of this act, shall hold thoir offices until tho first Monday m Juno, 1801, and until thoir successors aro duly clectod^and q

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P S ROLLA - IN CIVIL WAR DAYS (1861-65) War Catchers Infant^Town In_S£addling_Cloth£s_1_ Th£ 1860_Previdential El£ct_ion. - The p re s id e n tia l e le c tio n o f November,I860, i s what a c tu a lly " t r ig g e red 11 the C iv il War. Because Abraham Lin :oln had been e le c ­ ted, South Carolina b elieved that he would i n it ia t e "a b o litio n is t " slavery p o lic ie s and so that State held i t s convention and passed i t s Act of Secession on December 20, I860 - the f i r s t Sbathern State to do so.

She ju st wouldn’ t stay in L in coln 's

sla veless Union l What Did Phel£S_Count£ and R olla Residents Think Aboul: This ?

A f a i r idea

may be had by taking a look at the p re s id e n tia l vote of November, I860. John C. BreckDemocratic enridge was the/dandidate fo r the ’’a l l .out" slaveholders. Senator Stephen Dou glas compromise was the waaga Democratic candidate, running on a platform o f uon-interv£nti£n in the slave question.

John B e ll led those who upheld^pre^ervation of the_Union, and obedi­

ence to thd U.S. C onstitu tion.

Lincoln was the "Republican" candidate whose party

condemned continued A frican slave trade, opposed g iv in g le g a l status to sla very in those t e r r it o r ie s ,

such as Kansas and Nebraska, which were not yet fu ll- fle d g e d the S ta tes , and wanted many public improvements such a s .P a c ific ra ilro a d s .

Here, then, is how Phelps Countians voted — and s p lit those votes a.nong these four men:

For Breckenridge (sla ve Democrat), 4305«•• For Douglas ("hands o f f " ) , 254;

For B e ll (preserve Union), 199 •• and fo r Lincoln (opposing s la v e ry ), 37* ...C le a r ly th< 920 vo ters sympathized with the South — though ther£ Wa<s a s ig n ific a n t block that wanted the Union preserved.

This is the background against which the opening

events o f the C i v i l V/ar in R olla are to be considered. <

Perhaps more w ithin R olla, than elsewhere in the County, the general sentiment a ft e r the South Carolina secession was - that R o lla people should "keep cool heads" not take sides nor become angry with th e ir neighbors who thought d iffe r e n t ly than they.. And so our R o lla C i v i l War period thus opens, as of December 20,1860. y

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THE RAILROAD GCMES. - On Monday, December 24, I860* Editor Charles P. Walker o f the R o lla Express, e x c ite d ly inserted th is item: " The cars have come l We heard the s h r i l l w h istle o f the steam horse as we went to press la s t Saturday evening" (S a t., Dec. 22, I86 0). . . . This was an event as w e ll calculated to arouse lo c a l sen ti­ ment and in te r e s t as was the news o f South C arolin a's secession, which had occurred only two days b e fo re .

I f th is f i r s t tra in - the construction gang had aroused excitement, i t was small compared to that caused by the a r r iv a l o f the very f i r s t passenger tra in from S t. Louis nine days la t e r - on Monday, December 31, I860.Editor Walker voiced his own excitement in these words: /Mon..Jan 7.1861. V . l tN o .2 5 ,c o l.l / " Hurrah_For_The RailroadJ Last Monday evening / Dec 31.I860 / about 5:30 o'clock , the c itiz e n s o f R o lla were greeted by the a r r iv a l of the. f i r s t passenger tra in o f cars, at the snug l i t t l e depot which has, w ithin a short time, been erected at th is p la c e ./ i . e .. oh the ra ilro a d at south side of 8th s tre e t /. This is now the terminus o f the South­ west Branch o f the P a c ific Railroad, and the point where a l l the South and Southwestern trade o f th is State, Northern Arkansas, Southern Kansas T e rrito ry , and even some portions o f Northern Texas must n e ces sa rily center, fo r some time to come... Among the persons upon th is f i r s t tra in , we, noticed Thomas McKissock, Esq., Superintendent o f the Road, making his review fo r the purpose o f adjusting a time ta b le. We notice that, already, qu ite a number of good bu ildings are being erected about the depot.

Messrs. Faulkner & Graves, Campbell & Co., and others who fo llo w the ra ilro a d ( as i t moves forward ) have already commenced moving th e ir goods to th is p o in t . .."

TOWN OF ROLLA IS CHARTERED. - And now, as i f the foregoin g two events were not enough, there occurred a th ird , in the form o f a sp cia l Missouri le g is la t iv e charter fo r R o lla . The necessary b i l l had been w ritten and pushed through the 1860-61 Legis­ la tu re by Hon. Samuel G. W illiam s, scion of a h igh ly respected R olla fam ily, and fo r many years to come a benefactor and promoter of R olla and the School o f Mines. The L egislatu re passed the b i l l somewhere near the date of South C arolin a's secession, and GbveSnorrClaibognedFbx Jacks t o ' .

1signed i t in to law on January 25, 1861. ^^t-_the_Charter_Con1bain£d. - The f u l l te x t of th is charter is found in the session laws passed by the 1860-61 L egislatu re - and a lso in a copy pfepared by present w rite rs fo r inclu sion in the R o lla c i t y c le r k 's Journal fo r January, 1961.

The d e ta ils are too numerous fo r inclu sion here, but the fo llo w in g is a b r ie f summary: (1 ) The chartered townsite took in a square mile of t e r r it o r y - a l l of Sect 11, T»37 N., R.8 W.; . . . ( 2 ) Corporate powers were vested in a Mayor and a Council o f seven members, together with the appointive o ffic e r s whom they might employ; (3) The f i r s t mayor and seven councilmen were named in the charter, but th e ir successors were to be chosen by popular e le c tio n on the f i r s t Monday in June, 1861 - and on such f i r s t Monday in June each year th e r e a fte r . (4) Except fo r th is f i r s t group of o f f i ­ cers, the mayor and councilmen were to hold o f fic e fo r one year terms.

(5) The Mayor was required to be at le a s t 25 years of age, a c it iz e n o f the United States, and a residen t and householder in the town fo r at le a s t one year. ( 6) The charter named Daniel R. Farsons as the f i r s t Mayor, together with the seven incoming Councilmen, as fo llo w s : E.W.Bishop . . John Webber .. Henry Andrae .. John Dunivin .. F.H artje ..

Evan G. Morse . . and Andrew Malcolm. Their terms o f o f fic e would expire on the f i r s t Monday in June, 1861, or on q u a lific a tio n of th e ir successors.

Other charter provision s were th e s e :...T h e Mayor was a "conservator of the peace" — had powers the same as ju s tic e s o f the peace — had a Mayor's court — must see that town ordinances were enforced — could remit fin e s and bestow"pardons — and must have annual town fin a n c ia l reports published in the newspapers. There were many, a d d itio n a l functions and d u ties.

The Council would f i x the dates o f i t s meetings -' appoint a town clerk , town assessor, town marshal, s tre e t supervisor, town treasurer, and prescribe th e ir several d u ties. The Council had rather broad powers - could le v y severa l types of taxes -

p S l Ed 2 Jan 16,1967

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those on businesses, places o f entertainment, saloons, and re a l property. This la s t could not exceed l/5 o f one per cent o f assessed.,yaluation. Male c itiz e n s aged over 21 could be " p o ll taxed" a d o lla r a year, and/able-bodied men could oe required to work on the s tre e ts . Ordinances could he enacted to prevent or remove nuisances, ^ to suppress the f i r i n g of guns in town, to prevent fa s t or furious rid in g or d riv in g o f horses on the s tre e ts , and to penalize loud, indecent or o ffe n s iv e talk , or fig h tin g and qu arrelin g in pu blic. Other numerous d e ta ils cannot be cited here. / Laws Mo.. 1860-61. pages __________ _ / F ir s t Meeting of_Town C ou ncil.- The f i r s t meeting o f th is f i r s t R olla Town Council"*was- held "on Monday, February 4, 1861. Several o f the councilmen did not rep ort. Those present were Mayor Parsons, and Councilmen Bishop, Webber, Dunivin and Andrae. Those absent were Councilmen H artje, Morse, and Malcolm. The f i r s t meeting was in a room at the southeast corner o f the second flo o r o f the old T iffa n y House" ( or H o te l), s t i l l standing, 1967 - the second house west from Mam s tre e t on south side o f 4th s tree t - 401 West 4th S t. . . . As the f u l l council was not present, a few items o f business were transacted, a ft e r which the Council adjourned o me again on February 9th. These business items included: (1 ) E lection of Charleo E.Hal as town cle rk ( he resigned p rio r to the next meeting, and was:replaced by .J .L.Hutchison).

(2) The new Mayor and Councilmen present took th e ir oaths o f o x fic , w/ Mayor appointed a committee o f three to draw the f i r s t town ordinances, and to i t named councilmen Andrae, Bishop, and H artje.

(4 ) Provision was made f<or su itab l council room fu rn itu re and fix tu r e s . The Council then adjourned u n til 10.00 A. m., Saturday, February 9th, 1861.

Perhaps one reason why the meeting was out short % ^ e e °f U * councilmen did not appear, was that on that same date, Feb. 4, 186 XM XZ considerable excitement p reva iled because a County Conventionq^ nbe^ dc^ X^ ° meet in R o lla in order to p o ll area sentiment respecting secession, and to e le c t delegates to a d is t r ic t convention to be held at Houston, Texas; county on February 11. We s h a ll p resen tly describe that convention.

Freoeri_cK Second Meeting o f C ouncil.- Pursuant to adjournment, the/Council met on ^ day fS t T a t T 0T 00 A.M.7 In 't h e T iffa n y House. C o u n c iW H e r t je appeared and took p foe j t Hutchison was elected town clerk , rep lacin g Chas. E. H all, ? d Other*annointive o ffic e r s were chosen as fo llo w s : For marshal, P.R.doodward; X ftr ia s u J e r who la te r la id out the James Addition, on the 10-acre tra c t t east 0f o r ig in a l Town); fo r s tre e t commissioner, Henry Van F leet (o w n er o f p rin c ip a l A v e r t a b l e in town); Hutchison, a lawyer, la t e r removedfo Vienna,Mo., and fo r many years wa'S a leading c itiz e n o f that town. .

The sp ec ia l Committee on Ordinances, Bishop, Andrae, and H artje, brought in s ix o f R o lla 's f i r s t ordinances, as fo llo w s ; No. 1 .- Fixed times fo r regular council meetings, pay fo r mayor and councilmen, and ^

“ 2^ r F" “ - ap r o c e ^ ; . a n d dates fo r town e le c tio n s , manner o f f i l l i n g vacancies,

m o ffic e s o f mayor the resp ective appointive town o ffic e r s .

No!/ - 'D e fin e d and fix e d penalties fo r commission o f crimes and misdemeanors.

Ordinances Nos. 5 and 6 provided fo r the public p rin tin g o f the Act o f Incor­ poration, and fo r the p rin tin g o f the foregoin g four ordinance..

■ TiyTaZ le g a l ^ ^ ^ f t h S ' a d o lla r was imposed on any perfon who rode or drove horses fa s te r than a t r o t or pace, except in an emergency.

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( 3) i f any negro or mulatto v io la te o any provision, of the foregoing ordinances, they would be punished by not le s s than ten s trip e s to be la id on th e ir bare backs by the town marshal, in sta n ter i . , ( 4) A fin e o f not le s s than a d o lla r was imposed on any person who p u b licly used o ffe n s iv e , indecent language, sang any obscene song, or threatehed, quarreled, challenged, fought, or was found in drunken condition. ...... ( 5) A fin e o f not le s s than a d o lla r was le v ie d against any person who kindled any f i r e outside of a house, or dumped fire -c o n ta in in g ashes in an a lle y a ft e r night fa llI &5 ( 6) A fin e o f not less than a d o lla r i f any person should move property of another owner from where i t was to some other place, whether the act was malicious or not, i f i t annoyed or injured the le g a l owner. . ( 7 ) I f any person injured town or public property, he drew a fin e of not le s s than f i v e d o lla rs , plus the cost o f any needed re p a ir. _ ( 8 ) A fin e of not les s than one d o lla r i f a person w i l f . i l l y or mischevously fir e d a gun or p is t o l in side corporate lim its - or detonated firecra ck ers or other ex p losives.

A l l v io la te r s o f the foregoin g ordinances were committing misdemeanors, in additions to the fin e s , and were subject to appearance and sentence in , e la y o r o f f i c i a l town court.

'• , ... ' On passage o f these ordinances, the Council adjourned to meet f o r - i t s 't h ir d session, Friday, February 15, 1861.

THF. PHELPS COUNTY PRE-CIVIL WAR CONVENTION.- The c itiz e n s and government oi M* oeonri at th is iuncture were deeply concernedHHout the question o f secession from the Union Wherefore the State, government, at J efferson C ity, arranged fo r e holding on February 28, 1861, o f a State Convention to consider the matter, and make a choice To co n stitu te the state convention, delegates were to be appointed from the severa l " d is t r ic t s ” o f the State - R o lla being in that d is t r ic t fo r which the town o f Hou-ton in Texas county, was headquarters. The several counties or communities In t h i s d i s t r i c t were tT/eetand e le c t d i s t r i c t delegates to the d is t r ic t convention to be held in Houston on February 11. The d i s t r i c t delegates then chosen would go on up to the State convention.

Phelps County’ s mass meeting to so e le c t d is t r ic t delegates to the Hou.1 on d is t r ic t convention, and a lso to express i t s sentiments respectin g secession, met in R o lla on the same day as Rolla* s f i r s t Town Council meeting was held - Monday, February 4, 1861. reported

^

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order by Elder David Lenox, the leading pioneer

Mayor P a r , one named these as the C c m i t t e e on Resolu tions^ ^ E ld er David Lcncx^. .

C ol. B njamin Wishon ( ( on th is date one o f the ( the county's f i r s t presidin g judg ) •• • utchison ( another o f the two two a ssociate judges of the county c o u r t o h n G. Hutchison ( la te i, of the IS r c l- n T o r g i^ ^ L flS L r P S r ^ d itc r

of the R o lla S p re e s .

The Resolutions Committee r e tir e d to formulate current and w hile i t was d e lib e ra tin g , the fo llo w in g made more or le e s f i e r y speec

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Attorney J'.M. McGuire .. B .T rigg (warm secessio n ist, of Salem ) .. Judge John J. Hutchison (U n ion ist) .. and Francis Marion Lenox (county & c ir c u it c le r k ). Both Trigg and Lenox la t e r warmly declared fo r secession, and when Union troops arrived, June 14, fle d from R o lla fo r a time.

Committee on Resolution R eports.- This is an in te re s tin g document, because i t was so com pletely repudiated three months la t e r . Editor Walker read the report fo r the committee, which ccmmittee members had unanimously^ adopted. We summarize: (1 ) The committee f e l t that th is meeting owed the res t of the State an expression o f the combined opinion o f members present on the a rea 's sentiments con­ cerning secession o f Missouri along with her s is te r sta tes. .

(2 ) The committee deeply deplored the a lien a tio n of one section of the Union from the r e s t, because o f sectio n a l fe e lin g . . . " We solemnly and earn estly protest against the tendency, in our judgment too fashionable now, to act h a s tily and pre c ip it a t e ly ; and we c a l l upon a l l true lovers of th e ir country, and those who would look a ft e r the true in te r e s ts of M issouri, not to hurry her in to the p o lic y o f d is­ solvin g her connection with the United States Government, to whose fo s te rin g care we are a l l indebted, in a great measure, fo r the unparalleled p rosp erity o f our State fo r the past fo r t y y ea rs." . . . .n (3 ) The Committee b elieved that the Federal C onstitution was s u ffic ie n t to secure the rig h ts o f every; State - and while em pathizing with the Southern States in t h e ir grievances, deplored th e ir action in s e e d in g , ( On th is date the oouthern S t a g e s o fT o u th Carolina, M ississip p i, F lorida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas had already seceded. Arkansas, V irg in ia , and Tennessee would soon fo llo w - Tenessee, the la s t on ^ Go^ t t ee fu rth er b elieved that a l l the Border_States ( including Missouri ) should remain in the Union; branded a l l who w e r e n d is - u M is t s as enemies o f M issouri, as w e ll as of the nation; condemned secession ist state seizure o f Federal arsenals and other property; demanded that, i f the S tf ! ^ ^ n^ 01e\ ther approved secession fo r M issouri, then the people o f Phelps must be allowed to i t appr ove or r 6j set that d e c is io n » Convention E lects Delegates To_Houston_Convention.- A fin a l committee recom. mendation- was- thaiT th is meeting e le c t three delegates ( with thre<; Houston d is t r ic t convention o f February 11, 1861. The rec y J 0r t of the was received by demonstrations o f applause, and a ft e r a few remarks, the rep o it Committee wad adapted j^^niiriou^sljjr*n

sL ^ f r r 0:i:-rciC r:: A n vil James ( o f Maramec and S lig o Iron Works). . „„ , nn In conclusion, we may note that the projected State Convention met in J efferson C ity in February 1861, and la t e r moved to S t. Louis, where i t elected t h e ^ m e r July M issouri governor and la t e r famed general, ^ ^ J l ^ ^ t e r l s e t up^a p rovision al 'tk voted that Missouri should_not secede .. and s t i l l 1 I P itate^government"replacing the secession ist governor Claiborne Jackson and his l e g i s -

in R o ils - continued S t h not ,Mch i . , ^ i l South Carolxna c„ Fort Sumter, fired them^and^reduced^the^fort^ ^cn.^Beau^g ^ r

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G o v e r n o r ^ c l _ ui ckl y Changes.- The bombardment of Fort Softer quickly

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je l l e d secession opinion in R o lla . Many o f those who had - manimously; - approved the resolu tion s o f the county convention on February 4th now p u b lic ly declared th e ir . adherence to the Southern cause. Some o f the a re a 's most prominent residents took ‘such a c tio n ; Among them was the g r e a tly respected Dr. John Hyer, of Lake Spring. He was p resen tly e le c te d to the Confederate n ation al Congress - but never took his seat.

His neighbor, Elder David Lenox, and a cousin, Francis Marion Lenox (county c le rk ) a lso "went ou t". Thomas R. Freeman, judge of the county court - Hamilton Lenox o f Elk P r a ir ie , 8 m iles south o f R o lla - and Henry Van F le e t, c h ie f l i v e r y stable operator, were others. J.L.Hutchison, bist-p cle rk , was, a vigorous member o f th is group.

On the "North" side were E.W.Bishop, the town's founder; Editor C.P.Walker, o f the Roi l a Express; W illiam G. Pomeroy, soon to be c ir c u it judge; Judge John G.Hutchison ; and s t i l l others..

Choosing to remain n eu tral, although inwardly fa vo rin g one side or the other, were P resid in g Judge Lewis F. Wrighty^Coi. Benjamin Wishon, and a few others.

The Dajr R o lla Se£eded.- Tfrafc~day.swa£ - jC a j 7th, 1861. The Phelps County C ircu it Court was ju s t ending i t s current ftegular,;JiSa3P«-day term, w ith C irc u it Court Judge James S. McBride on th e bench. ( He would v e y soon be commander o f a Confederate or s e ce ssio n ist regiment,/and would fig h t with, i t in the B a ttle o f W ilson ’3 C reek).

Throughout th e session, proceedings had been ch aracterized by heated and lengthy harangues concerning secession, and the part R o lla and the surrounding area should play in i t . As the session came to an end on Tuesday, May 7th, a l l the debate came to a clim ax - as a troop o f e ig h ty c it iz e n s o f Dent county came rid in g in to town on horse­ back - as Rolla la d ie s presented a Confederate f l a g - and as the Judge him self, ^Horx.^ James McBride, said that separation o f the slave and the non—slave states ^was_xrvevii.— a b l e l 1 We. shall l e t E d itor Walker t e l l the sto ry : / Rx. .May 13,1361. p.2/

7f When, a l l the re s t o f the world has n early gene mad .on the question o f th e Union or secession, i t i s not to be wondered at that the good people o f Roxls and M day t to imbued w ith sympathy fo r the South, by b ir th or present association s.

"The May term o f the C irc u it Court, ju st adjourned, has been a scene o f intense excitement on the part o f many, and the town has been f i l l e d w ith c itiz e n s from various parts o f the surrounding country, in fu s in g a good d ea l o f l i f e in to tho otherwise dOTmanfc__3£ i r i t which pervaded th is community.

"For the g re a te r part o f the f i r s t three days o f tins Court, scarcely anything could be heard but secession harangues, from some o f the most eloquent and talen ted members o f the bar in th is ju d ic ia l c ir c u it . I t i s but l i t t l e ^marvel that uhe people should have-'become excited fo llo w in g the appeals o f C ol. E.T.Wingo, Senator John Hyer, Hon. Samuel G. W illiam s,' town a ttorn ey J,L.Hutchison, Mr . B. Trigg, and S ta te ’ s A ^ o r ney Ewing V . M it c h e ll. All. these were follow ed by the d e lib e ra te opinion o f the Court (Judge McBride),, expressed in a b r i e f and pointed speech, that the separation o f tne fr e e and the sla ve s ta te s was.;- in e v ita b le ♦

in the presence of. a la rg e concourse o f p o p le ,^ Addresses were made by Col. E.J.Wingo ( o f S a l L ) , J.L.Hutchison (c it y - a t t o r n e y , 3.T rigg^( o f oalen), Mr. t.U .h ic h o l (3 1- )

* | u community------- ---- --- . stro n g ly in the opposite d ir e c tio n .

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"But i t must be borne in mind that masses, so e a s ily and speedily converted to a new fa it h , are not always the best d is c ip le s ; and we would recommend the pro­ p r ie ty o f the ” e ld e rs _ in the churchy keeping a guard over the character o f th e ir new converts, le s t - in an unlucky hour being overcome by strong temptation they ' ' f a l l from g ra ce", and return again to th e ir former id o ls .

"Among the new converts, we noticed Attorney W.G. Pomeroy, who had been re gar d as an obdurate character — who had taken the "Black Republican shute" in the recent county convention, and, in the e a r ly part o f the meeting, had been denounced by many o f the "b reth ren ". Witn c o n tr itio n o f soul, and voice choking w ith emotion, he la id down h is in d iv id u a l preferences, and said to the sovereign p e o p le ," Not ray w i l l , but thine be done." ” F.M.Lenox, our C irc u it and County C lerk, who had become cold in the cause, waxed warm, again, as he came forward and to ld what was in h is h e a r t ... . J . Li.McGuire, h ereto fo re one o f the jpost hardened sinners ( he had favored the North), came t o the anxious seat and espoused the cause o f secession, and w ith tea rs flow in g and g rea t c o n tr itio n o f soul, asked the "b rethren" that he might be fo rg iven fo r h is past sins and f o l l i e s .

"H .S.C lark, who u n t il the hour when the p a t r io t ic la d ie s unfolded that sacred new fla g , had been .a fu ll-gro w n Union man - because o f i t s magic touch, and over­ powered by the impetus o f what was there happening - and in view o f the yawning grave in to which we are a l l hastening - came forward and, beneath the fo ld s o f the Southern f la g , pledged a l l that he had - a l l 'that he ever hoped to be - to the cause o f d is —union. " I t was thought that the Hon. Andrew Jackson Seay ( " A . J ." ), Senator from.

Franklin county (, Latei to become governor o f Oklahoma) had given up his a ll. to the Southern Confederacy cause - and he was c a lle d o the stand. But his speech proved him to be an in c o r r ig ib le sinner, remaining with the Union. Kis heart had become lukewarm. (Southernly speaking), and so fa r from in s p irin g the "brethren" with hope, i t was apparent that he had relapsed in to cold in d iffe re n c e . Ke en­ deavored to check the enthusiasm o f the occasion, and dampened the fe e lin g s o f many o f the "b reth ren ". He denied the power o f the S tate*s L egisla tu re to in te r ­ fe r e with a question, once i t had been l e f t to t>je State Convention - and urged the inexpediency o f the S t a t e 's attempt to secede in i t s present defenseless con­ d it io n . He undertook to say something about p o lic y , expediency, and armed neu­ t r a l i t y , but he did not re c e iv e much applause.

"Senator Seay was fo llo w e d by S ta te 's Attorney E .Y .M itch ell, and C ol.E .T .’Jingo, wh_o acorned del_av, and crie d , "Now i s the accepted time - now i s the day o f sal­ va tion L ...11 Aad the people answered, " Amen I Armed or unarmed, we w i l l defend our r ig h t s " .

"There i s no doubt but that our v a lia n t Salem ca va lry -, armed with th e ir fo w l­ in g p ieces, r i f l e s , pawpaw poles, and brickbats - under the g a lla n t Col. 7,'ingo cou^-d su c c e s s fu lly storm and capture the S. Louis Arsenal i l (E d it o r ia l sarcasm )..

•"As a r e s u lt o f a l l th is excitem ent, a great many women have become fr ig h ­ tened, and se ve ra l peaceable fa m ilie s , fe a r in g the consequences o f the many threats that have been c irc u la te d , have l e f t the country. Then, too, a few debtors have also suddenly l e f t th e ir c r e d it o r s -"in the suds".

"Some tra d e has been d iverted from th is place; and, fo r a w hile, a grand stagnation in business i s in prospect. The s p ir it o f confidence, so general here a few weeks sin ce, has relapsed in to a s p ir it .of jealou sy, and some o f our most respectable c it iz e n s have been insinuated again st as objects o f suspicion - than whom there are none m re lo y a l to the in te r e s ts o f M issouri; And a s p ir it o f sadness and gloom id apparent,because o f the countenancing o f th is secession move, which makes i t d i f f i c u l t t o contemplate the future o f our beloved S t a t e .» »

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—that, "Salem B attalion "—

Into R olla

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^ £ h ^_D £ n ^£ °\m tian s In vade_R olla. - Tha/ same R o lla secession day, Tuesday, May 7,1861, there/came r id in g on horseback and/from Salem and Dent county some 80 s e le c t c i t i z e n sty led by Col. £. T.Wingo, M.M.McSpadden, W. H alliburton, P.R.Simmons, L.M .N ichol, W illiam Organ, and W.H.Shuck.

They were armed with divers weapons in clu d in g shot guns, p is t o ls , r i f l e s , swords, and even bowie knives. They said they had come to help R o llit e s ' exterminate those 2000 or so German so ld iers that were reported marshangmen Rbllaofrom S t. Louis. " I f these ru ffa in s did so march, they would s u r e ly , make havoc o f our peacefu l c itiz e n s , and destroy in one f e l l stroke every b e a u tifu l structure in town, and every p riva te dom icile, not lea vin g one stone to stand upon another. With f i r e , sword, guns, rapine and murder, they would make gen eral havoc here£.bouts. A l l the men would be k ille d , the women v io la t e d ." .. Thus did these f i e r y horsemen orate in order to t e r r o r iz e the town, i t s women and ch ildren .

Thus would d ir e calamit y b e f a l l our in fa n t c i t y L T h irty—Sight_Days_ of^T£rrorism _in R o lla .- These horsemen would have been fa r more accurate had they , said that the ve ry d e v il him self liv e d in th e ir m iist, and would during the next f i v e weeks e x h ib it seme o f his ch oicest wares t Forthwith, two t e r r o r iz in g groups were formed. Cne, the R o lla "Minute^MenT, was led by one o f t H o lla 's town counoilmen - Henry Andrae. The other gang, a drum and gun squad, was commanded fey Henry Van F le e t, the town’ s c h ie f l i v e r y stable operator.

These two groups went about town, from house to house, in order to learn which side the occupants favored. I f secession minded, the occupants were not mo— le s t e d . But i f the fa m ily favored the cause of the North, they were va riou sly in ­ tim id ated . Drums were beaten, guns were discharged, and the homes were even in ­ vaded in order o d e liv e r th rea ts. No wonder the women were frigh ten ed - or that numbers o f n eu tra l fa m ilie s moved away, as did the A lex. Andrae fa m ily and others.

Over in Dent county, at the Salem Methodist church, Rev. Stanford Ing and Rev. Robert W itten were holding a se ries o f protracted meetings. While Rev. In g was praying, a squad o f demonstrators entered, thinking to break up the meeting, as hoth men were Northerners. But Rev. Ing® s prayer was fe rven t and e f f e c t iv e . The demonstrators waited to meet Rev. In g a ft e r the meeting, and to them he explained how he f e l t about secession and sla ve ry. They l e f t the two men unharmed.

However, h o s tile fe e lin g s in Salem against them became so evident and strong that Rev. W itten gave up his pastorate and fle d to R olla, where his intim ate frien d , Rev. W illia m S e lle r s , was pastor o f the newly born R o lla Methodist church. S e lle rs s had comer.to R o lla to be the second pastor o f the R o lla church — a ft e r he had been captured in the v i c i n i t y o f Cameron, in Clay county, and had his naked body encased m ta r anc fe a th e rs . Thr had even been rubbed in to h is hair and ears, so that, the hair came out and be was bald. now in R o lla , Learning that these two men were/in the house use®- as parsonage, the drum and gun squad surrounded the b u ild in g and demanded W itten in person, Quickly v^uicklj lea vin g the ram, k sv. W yyxuwn roue his nis hors horse eig h t house b e fo re the tra p com pletely closed on him, Rev. itten rode m iles west o f R o lla to the home o f h is presidin g e ld e r, Rev. Shumate, who him self had h is gun handy fo r ju st such an invasion. Taking h is fam ily, Rev.Witten went to Kansas fo r a year or so, but returned to R o lla to serve as Rev. S e lle r s ’ succes­ sor the 1863 je e r .'

Hundreds o f North-side fa m ilie s l i v i n g throughout south M issouri fle d to R o lla a ft e r fe d e r a l troops a rriv ed , to escape such treatment. The men e ith e r had to sign ud fo r s e rv ic e in secession bands or army, or get out o f the country pronto?

This condition continued more or le s s in te n s e ly throughout the war, and over most o f the S ta te . The ra id ers were not always South—sid ers. The North had a. few ru ffia n s tho served t h e ir cause in th is abominable way'period But here in R o lla , th is t h ir ty - e ig h t day/of terrorism , w ithin town, came to an abrupt end on June 14, .1861, the day the f i r s t Federal troops a rrived under command o f C -Dt, Thomas W. Sweeney, but a t the time led by the l i t t l e German schoolmaster who came to be known as C ol. Franz S ig e l, la te r B riga d ier General S xgel.

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?IAl> EVENTS IN 3T. LOUIS PRECIPITATE CIVIL VJAR IN MISSOURI.- This book i s nob w ritte n as a general te x t on the C i v i l War — but i t seems expedient to connect our lo c a l sto ry w ith what was going on across the nation - p a r tic u la r ly in S t.L ou is.

And so we record the events th a t immediately led to the investment 01 Holla by Federal troops on June 14,1861.

Throughout the severa l southern seceding S ta tes, the Confederate a u th o ritie s had se ize d many United S tates arsenals in order t o bu ild up stores o f arms and ammu­ n itio n fo r use in the ra p id ly approaching "shooting c o n flic t " . One such arsenal was lo c a ted on the southern fr in g e of S t . Louis, and i t contained 60,000 or more r i f l e s and considerable ammunition. The secessionist-m inded M issouri L eg is la tu re , led by Governor C laib . Jackson, fe r v e n tly hoped to gain possession o f th is arserial.

A fir s n move was to c a ll u.r* the S ta te 's m ilit ia , in i t s se ve ra l d iv is io n s , sup­ posedly f o r rou tin e tra in in g purposes. One m il i t i a u n it, commanded by Gen. D.M.Frost, proceeded t o o u ts k irts o f S t. Louis, where., near L in d e ll's grove ( close to to d a y 's in te r s e c tio n o f O liv e s tr e e t ' and Grand Avenue st - v- ) , i t encamped and named the place "Camp>ackson''. in the S t. Louis area, _ _ oper t y o f the Unxted S ta tes, /including th is arsenal, were under force and. the care ana su pervision of Gen. W.S.Harney, who seemed not in c lin ed t o think anything was -wrong w ith these m i l i t i a movements. But an a le r t p riva te c it iz e n , Frank P. B la ir , whose b roth er was postmaster gep eral under Preident Lincoln, had a keener eye. Thera had come t o S i. Louis, subordinate to Gen. Harney, a young o f f i c e r named Nathaniel Lyon - who had been tra n sferred to th is place from Fort R ile y , Kansas. He belonged-to the United S tates 2nd R egt. In fa n try, and had with him some 200-300 veteran s o l­ d ie r s . : . , v . ..

B la ir and Lyon p re sen tly became intim ate frie n d s , and both c lo s e ly eyed th is Camp 'Jaekson mi l i t i a camp. They soon discovered that boats on the M ississip p i were a c tu a lly b rin g in g cannon, andunition, and guns fo r use o f Governor Jackson's secessionist fo r c e s . I t ' i s said that Lyon, wanting to p erson ally check on th is matter, dressed in womens' s k ir ts and costume, and made a tour o f Cap Jackson. What he found amply confirmed h is su spicion s.

Gen. Harney was sent elsewhere, . m ' Making th is phase o f the sto ry shor t , /Lyon returned to the Arsenal,/assembled h is troops, and, in a surprise march, surrounded Gen. F r o s t's camp and made the e n tire unit _ prison ers o f war. THIS EVENT, which happened on May 10,1861, by THREE DAYS • FOLLOWED * THE HOLLA INCIDENT DESCRIBED ABOVE. Of course, Governor Jackson and h is m i l i t i a head, Gen. S te r lin g P ric e, made vigorous p ro tes ts - but to no a v a il. A ft e r se ve ra l conferences and inter-communica­ tion s, Gen. Lyon ( having been designated a b rig a d ie r gen eral in place o f c o lo n e l), threw down the gau n tlet, and prepared a campaign designed to d riv e secession and i t s fo rc e s out o f M issouri. S e vera l re g i^ | g ts r g ^ g g ^ i e r | ^ f German ancestry, i.ia lany who hac seen war s e rv ic e in the old country, rec ru ited and train ed, and arm irmed fo r a c tiv e s e r v ic e . These were now arranged in two groups, in order to make a two—pronged attack cn Governor J'ackson, and Whatever troops he could muster.

W ith one wing o f h is army, Geh. Lyon steamboated up the M issouri r iv e r to J efferson C ity - but Jackson had scopped up important S tate documents and the State seal, and had fle d westward to B o o n v ille . Lyon garrisoned J efferso n C ity, and by steamboat fo llo w e d Jackson to B o o n v ille , where the ifirafc-J. Missouri b a ttle o f con­ sequence was fought. The fo rc es mustered by Jack on and P ric e , led by John Lfarmaduke,Jr ( a fu to re governor o f M issou ri) were qu ick ly d efeated . The race then was fo r Jackson and P ric e to get t o 3 out .west M issouri, perhaps out o f ~he s ta te in to Arkansas, before being caught from behind by Lyon - who h o tly pursued.

Lyon's sedond army wing, under command o f Ca.pt. Thomas ¥ . Sweeney, -neY, an o f f i c e r o f the Federal troops in the regu lar U.S. Army, was ordered to 6o to R o lla on train s o f the old Southwest P a c ific Branch, in v e s t R o lla , then go on to the Spring— f i e l d area, where i t was to t r y feedplace troops ahead o f the Jackson-Price army, so as to entrap i t between the Sweeney forces on the south, and Lyons' army on the north.

That was the gen eral plan.

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/which ley f o r owed h is orders by send/ng a part o f his troops ahead under command of the l i t t l e German school teacher co lon el, Franz S ig e l - who has a t times been given most o f't h e - - - : prominence and g lo r y / th is p a rtic u la r m ilita r y unit achieved. So -understanding, we are now prepared to t e l l what happened when the troops a rriv ed at R o lla .

In fa n try oXGEL AHRiVEo IN ROLLA JUNE 11, 1861. — S ig e l had with^nin/ those companies o f the S t. Louis German troops designated as 3rd Rgt. Mo. L ig h t . and a b a tta lio n o f 600 riflem en, commanded by Col. D_______B ayles. There were a few cannon in a b att ■7 commanded by Capt. James T otten .S ig e l* s a r r iv a l, and i t s e f f e c t on R o lla ite s , i s a major item in our s to ry o f the e a r ly years o f H olla h is to ry . Let us read the accounts l e f t fo r us by two rep orters who a c tu a lly observed the event: E d ito r C.P.Walker reported thus: /Ex V o l.l.N o .______ ________/ ........"Troo£s_at R o lla .- There was a good d e a l of sensation created in Ro.lla on la s t Friday (June 14, 186lJ, by the unexpected appearance o f g lis te n in g bayonets at various points com­ manding the town; and b e fo re the people were aware o f i t , the town was f i l l e d with armed men. " (S a r c a s tic a lly , he continues ) 11 Our ^braves." ve ry soon made themselves scarce, Col Schnable co u ld n 't be found nowhere^. Henry Andrae suddenly sta rted in pursuit o f h is t e r r o r iz in g "Minute Men". L ie u t. T r ig g 's head looked lik e a f i e r y meteor as is shot s w ift ly through the b la ck -jack oak 4ocdst These wonderful men — who were ready t o "e a t Dutchmen" without s a lt, couldn’ t be found anywhar ( Nor could County Judge Thomas R. Freeman, or Henry Van F le e t, la t e c h ie f o f the Drum-gun s q u a d )....

But — since one _seces_3ionist i s said to be equal to f i v e or__ten_of these "Hessians", , th ere w i l l probably be heapjs o f dead Hessian bodies scattered over "the h i l l s and v a lle y 3 around here b efore lo n g ." " The ^urpri£e_was_com.pl£t£. No person had any idea o f the movement. The fla g :he Confederate S tates ( made by R o lla women ), vhich had been swinging breeze since the great camp meeting here some weeks ago May ?th) was summarily taken down by •a- small detachment o f German volunteers .from C ol. S ig e l* s regimen and the g lo rio u s Stars and S trip es now flo a t where the Confederate f l a g had waved ( above the county ijSSMgKfflBBjg court house). " S ig e l's fo rc e came up on three tra in s , and consists o f the Third Regiment o f M issouri L ig h t In fa n try , commanded by S ig e l, and a R i f l e B attalion o f f iv e companies ( The Lion Guards), under command o f Capt. D. Bayles, a ctin g co lo n el o f the b a tta lio n .

These troops were accompanied by se ve ra l f i e l d pieces (cannon). " The troops soon took possession o f the Court House, ana pitched t h e ir tents upon the James A d d ition ( the 40-acre subdivision immediately east o f O rig in a l Town).

The keys o f the old stone j a i l were demanded o f the s h e r iff, and that in s titu tio n now answers fo r a guard hous£ fo r such r e fr a c to r y secession ists as have s ig n ifie d a d is p o s itio n to r e b e l against the General Government. Some o f our c itiz e n s who, in. a time o f gen eral excitem ent, had made some u gly th reats against Union men, now are under guard u n t il they express a w illin g n ess to retu raato th e ir former a lle g ia n c e .""

COL. -BOH) AND DR. ROBBERSCN WITNESS SIGEL'3 ARRIVAL. - 'From the pen o f C ol.

Sempronius H. Boyd, who became R o lla Post Commander in e a r ly 1862, we have th is s to ry o f S i g e l 's a r r iv a l in R o lla . " In June, 1861, Dr. E.T.Eobberson, L.A.D. Crenshaw, and S.H.Boyd, a l l ardent U nionists, l i v i n g in S p rin g fie ld , conceived the id ea that unless Southwest Missouri rec eive d immediate r e l i e f from the Government, the Union element would f a l l in to the hands o f C la ib . Jackson's fo rc e s , and bhey determined on going to Sb.Louis to impress on the Union men o f that c i t y the n e ces sity o f holding Southwest Missouri secure.

So, one evening,' on horseback, the three started fo r R o lla ......... U n til a ft e r midnight, they passed crowds o f men, s in g le or assembled in groups, on horseback or a fo o t and not a word was spokerf, said, or passed between th is party and those others.

Begin here 9 AM Tu Jan 17, 1967. Ch 5 ,old p.9

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The town of" R o lla was f i l l e d with ex cited men — l11 'ebels No tra in had been there fo r three days. They got W.H.Graves, o f the firm o f Faulkner & Graves, to h ire them a hack, to get out o f town and to St.James. They had gone but four m iles when th ey discovered a very la rg e tra in o f cars, moving up the D illo n (Dunivin C rossing) ( o f the road. I t was S ig e l and his regiment o f Germans, on th e ir way to S p r in g fie ld ! 1p o rtio n !

"Very soon, they met S ig e l, and when he learned the s itu a tio n in R o lla, he gave orders to surround the town. With about h a lf o f h is regiment, newly uniformed,with b rig h t, b r is t lin g muskets, he moved through the woods on to the town. Some three or four hundred men Jaad gathered in to the place, and were boasting o f how easy i t would be fo r them to whip a l l the "Dutch" in S t.L o u is. " Faulkner and Graves 1 la rg e commission house was crowded w ith men. One old fe llo w , who was spokesman, was r e a lly hoping "the Dutch" would come - so he~~could~ "go fo r them". While he was thus ta lk in g , another man came running in to the room shouting, "By G d. the Dutch are here r ig h t now, upon us i" "The old man, with a l l the others, stepped out on the platform and, locking down east along the ra ilro a d track, sure enough saw, through an opening in the woods, aoout four hundred yards d ista n t, the b r is t lin g s o ld ie ry , moving q u ick ly toward them l Not a word was spoken - not an order was given - but the sigh t was enough.

No fix e d ' opinion o f any fou r hundred men was so q .ic k ly changed " The old man turned pale, and ( l i k e S ir W alter S c o tt's stag a t e a r ly morn), 'w ith one brave bound the platform he cleared ! / Landed in the middle o f the ra ilro a d track, and down i t he ran as never c i v i l i a n ran b efore - a l 1 his courageous comrades fo llo w in g th e ir g a lla n t leader i " A fte r running about a m ile, they were pressing through a deep rock cut in the road ( Coleman's Cut), a quarter o f a m ile in len gth and twenty fe e t deep. As the old man and h is fo llo w e rs were about to pass out o f the west end o f the cut — thinkin g th ey were safe fo r a w hile - to th e ir astonishment one hundred or more o f these same Dutch s o ld ie rs raised up out o f the brush on one side o f the road, and, b rin gin g down th e ir bayoneted muskets on the fle e in g reb els, said, "H alt dare l Vofc domrn v e lle r s i s you, anyhow??" " I t i s needless to say that the old man and h is e n tire company then and there surrendered, body and soul - with a l l th e ir possessions then in hand, or in expect­ ancy - to the "men who fought mit S ig e l " . / H ist S p rin g fie ld , pp 102-0V Present w r ite r s can add that, among the secessio n ist leaders who su ccessfu lly f l e d otherwise, there were these: Hon Thomas R. Freeman, associate county judge; p resid in g jud^e Lewis F. W right; County and C irc u it C lerk Francis M. Lenox; C ol.

J.A.Schnable; W.O.Coleman, prominent fa m ily scion; B .T rigg, ardent se ce ssio n ist; and Henry Andrae, lea d er o f the t e r r o r iz in g "minute Men", w ith h is comrade Henry Van F le e t, leader o f the drum and gun squad. Of these, Freeman, Schnable, and Coleman would very soon be leaders o f plundering g u e r illa bands, scouting through south M issouri, t e r r o r iz in g that reg io n . Freeman would ra id Maramec Iron Works, fig h t a miniature b a ttle at Salem, and surprise a Union detachment stationed at R e lfe .

Coleman and Scimable would capture and plunder fe d e ra l wagon tra in s going south to s u 'p ly Union troops. Freeman would la t e r fo rm a lly jo in the Confederate army,to escape summary death i f captured, and would return to Missouri to p a r tic ip a te in the P rice r a id o f September-October, 1864.

ROLLA1S FIRST GARRISQ''I_AND_POST COJJANDER.- S ig e l, with his Third regiment o f M issouri Ligh t In fa n try , remained in R o lla .but a few days, then marched h is troops a fo o t to S p rin g fie ld , where he la t e r join ed Lyon's troops,.com ing in from .B oon ville.

But as he a rriv e d in S p rin g fie ld ahead o f Lyon, he undertook, w ith - - ! success, to h a lt troops le d by Gov. Jackson and S te r lin g P ric e , and prevent them, from passing Carthage, en terin g Neosho, and then le a v in g the S ta te . A detachment o f 90 men which S ig e l l e f t at Neosho was captured by Jackson's fo rc e s . And, a ft e r a severe skirmish w ith the army o f Jackson and P ric e , out o f Carthage, S ig e l was lucky to be able to get back to S p rin g fie ld again, under the wing o f Caot. Sweeney._ Some say that had S ig e l used the resources at his command, he could nw ye) easily/ whipped the secessionists At any ra te , he was now join ed to the main army under Gen. Lyon, preparing fo r events that led t o the encounter at Dug Springs and the B a ttle o f W ilson 1s Creek.

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Back in R o lla , and u n til July 7, 1861, Col. D. Bayles was post commander the f i r s t garrison of JnioA troops in R o lla . Detachments of h is 500-man R ifle B ritain.on — the ”Lion Guards” |— v/ere stationed along the S t*Lou is-R olla ra ilro a d , e s p e c ia lly at bridges - to prevent, th e ir destru ction by secession ist f i r e s - such as Gov* Jackson and Gen k in d led -fon the parent P a c ific road from^St*LQ'i^s to J effe rs o n C ity, a ft e r Gen, Lyon had declared war on them.-] especi , l l y at t,he_ Gagcronade;:anct~OSd.ge r iv e r brid ges.!

From R o lla , Col. Bayles sent scouting p a rtie s out in several d irectio n s from R o lla , as fa r as ten m iles d is ta n t, searching fo r concealed secession ist arms and ammunition, or th e ir owners. In R o lla , he advertised fo r volunteers with which to hni 1<j up h is own "Home Guard11 b a tta lio n , and t o re c ru it an independent regiment.

Such re c ru its were to be armed w ith r i f l e s , were to serve fo r ohree years or fo r the duration o f the war, would be paid $11 par month. His tJLion Guard■ so ld iers

governor, B.Gratz Brown, fo r

The Brown contingent furnishes an item o f in te r e s t

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g le e fu lly wrote o f th is , and s a r c a s tic a lly said that Col. Brown and his so ld iers were ea rn es tly hoping that these three men would presen tly return to R olla so as -to pick up t h e ir " lo s t " p ro p erties. But Andrae, T rigg and Van F lee t never returned fo r t h e ir tro p h ie s. . r.

R ecru itin g O ffic e r s and L o y a lty Oath.-^Following c lo s e ly on S ig e l's in ­ vestment o f R o l l C three prominent R b lla -rites’s were commissioned as re c ru itin g o f fic e r s and given rank o f major. These were E .<7.Bishop, C.P.rJalker, and ahcn.u C h es tin e-M ille r. These men succeeded in gathering in to Union fo rces many of the l o c a l c it iz e n s . , .

Col Bayles created qu ite a s t i r in R o lla when he in s is te d that a l l men must take or sign the oath o f lo y a lt y to the United S tates. The form in which he administered th is oath to groups was th is : "You and each o f you, do solemnly swear, in the presence o f Almighty Gcd, that you w i l l support the C onstitution o f the United S ta tes; that you w i l l bear true and lawful a lle g ia n c e to the same; that you w i l l defend i t s property, iri take no part in or g iv e any countenance to any attempt uphold i t s in te r e s t, anc To a l l o f which, you, and each o f to subvert i t s au th ority, or impair i t s union, you, do make oath without mental reserva tio n or any secret evasion of mind whatever* So help you God*” t t a lo c a l newspaper ca rried a l i s t o f some 35 foremost R o lla c itiz e n s who so took the oath - and 30 other Phelps countians who did the same. A lso l is t e d are names o f 100 volunteers who had en ro lled in C ol.B ayles' new Ligh t In fa n try regxm en l They were in fo r 3 months, or 3 years, or Sor however long the war pasted.

‘T h ai" pay would be $11.00 per month. Col. Bayles in s is te d , and the town council passed^an ordinance banning sale o f a l l liq u o rs in town - as a measure calcu lated t o a id the s o ld ie rs in keeping s o b e r ..

July 5, HE THIRTEENTH ILLINOIS REGIMENT_ARRIVPS.- On F rid a y/ 'ju st preceding^the in n o lla , 'r i v a l ’ o f Col. Wyman’ s Thirteenth I l l i n o i s Volunteer In fa n try eRegiment ld . . . .

I t was i d . Bayles r i f l e b a tta lio n departed to jo in S ig e l in Sprxngix . . ra rely d a y lig h t on that Sunday morning, July 7, 1861, when th is regiment, comprising * «/ O _ A mnouncing around 1,000 sen, ebarked from cars o f the o lt Southwest Branch. 3 r t e r said': "They are a fin e looking body o f men, and w ill t h is event, our re p o r — ,' ,' N h e r s .. ..I n th is make t h e ir mark in the present contest, i f th ey can fin d the sects We have been v is ite d by regiment are men o f almost a l l trades and professions I t is said that printers manv members o f the (p r in t in g ). c r a ft , from among them make the best s o ld ie r s . I f th is be true, then th is i s a b u lly regim ent." / Rx July 5.1861/.

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Jan 17,1967 This 13th I l l i n o i s regiment had been rec ru ited in the v i c i n i t y of Dixon, I l l i ­ nois, and had been in te n s iv e ly train ed by i t s lea d er, Col. John 3. Wyman. I t was mustered in on May 9,13 61. C ol. Wyman had p reviou sly been a ra ilro a d construction engineer, and was now superintendent o f a d iv is io n o f the I l l i n o i s Central r a ilr o a d He was a man o f _superior tech n ica l a b ilit y , and possessed unusual executive and managerial a b i l i t i e s . Just p r io r to taking a c tiv e command o f the regiment, he had been appointed A sst. Adjutant General fo r I l l i n o i s , but resigned to accompany his regiment.

In response to Gen. N a tla n ie l Lyon’ s urgent c a ll fo r reinforcements, th is regiment moved from Dixon to C a s e y v ille , a hamlet some 8 miles east o f St.Lou is, where from June 16 to July 6th. i t d r i l l e d and watched happenings in S t.L ou is.

Thenlthe order, came to en train fo r R o lla .'1the afternoon of July 6th.j The men spent a m iserable n igh t on the road, r id in g in a l l sorts of cars - fr e ig h t, lumber, c a t tle and other. H ere’ s the s to ry as the regim ental h is to ria n rela ted i t : " Oi Sunday morning, July 7th, 136l, at d a y lig h t, a ft e r a rough n ig h t’ s rid e in fr e ig h t and lumber cars, over the Southwest Branch o f the M issouri P a c ific R a il­ road, the "T h irteen th '1 a rriv e d in R o lla , M issouri - disembarked, and stacked arms near the depot - the men expecting to march on to S p rin g fie ld to rein fo rce Gen.Lyon as soon as tra n sp ortation could a r r iv e . " A fte r about two hours,- however, they were ordered to " f a l l in " , and were marched to a camping ground about 100 rods (1600 f e e t ) east o f the depot, where they again stacked arms and cooked b reak fa st. A fte r th is, the ground on the ridge was thoroughly cleared o f f , trees cut, and by night the tents were a l l up on what, as i t proved, was to be th e ir m ilita r y home fo r three months. And now, camp l i f e on the enemy’ s s o i l began in e a rn e s t."" and adjacent to This f i r s t encampment appears to have been on/^the c i t y block bounded by 6th and 7th, Cedar and Walnut s tre e ts ~ fo r that became the p rin c ip a l headquarters fo r the R o lla Post in the fo llo w in g years.

When thq regiment had made camp s u ffic ie n t ly safe and cle a r, the next task was to f o r t i f y the town. R i f l e p its were dug at s tra te g ic points out from town in se ve ra l d ir e c tio n s . But the c h ie f f o r t i f i c a t i o n was to be Fort Wyman, named fo r the regim ental commander, and designed by the o f f i c e r second in command, - Major D .R ..

Bushnell, captain o f Company B. Work was started on the fo r t , but i t remained fo r „ other gegiments and a host o f impressed secession ists and Union so ld iers to fin is h it .

I t became a most im pressive warning to h o s tile armies who would have)’ descended upon R o lla . c\‘ .. .Lo-. . »\ / otherwise The regiment, aided by a small b a tta lio n known as the "Kansas Rangers", le a by Major William. D. Bowen, proceeded to make i n i t i a l scouting t r ip s out from R o lla , some o f which we s h a ll p re sen tly d escrib e. Bowen's b a tta lio n was la t e r cl: , r v ; : I as the F ir s t B a tta lio n :of. .Missouri C avalry. " ' GENERAL JOHN C. FRSEM- ^ASSUMES COMMAND OF MISSOURI. - With Gen. Lyon absent from S t.L ou is, and aw aiting b a t tle a t CS p rin g fie Id , the M issouri area sadly lacked a le a d e r. Thus i t was that President Lincoln commandeered. the former captain and” • co lo n el, and in tr e p id ex p lorer o f the West, and made him the m ilita r y head o f the Western 1D is t r ic t , in clu d in g M issouri. He spent seme time in Eurpoe, buying stores o f fo re ig n made r i f l e s and ammunition, and so was la t e in occupying h is post in S t. Louis, at a most c r i t i c a l tim e. His. commission as head o f the-Western Depart­ ment was datefi July 3,1861 - and h is rank was Major General. He assumed command July 25,1861.

In S p r in g fie ld , Gen. Lyon, w ith Major Sweeney and C o l.S ig e l, learned that secession troops, led by Gen. S te r lin g P rice and Gen. Benjamin McCulloch ( leadin g ( troops from Texas and Louisiana) were encamped a t B en ton ville, in .extreme northw estArkansas, readying f o r an in vasion o f southwest M issou ri.L yon s'5,000 troops were no proper match fo r the Priqe-McCulloch fo rc e s numbering some k0,000. And so he d esp erately plead w ith Fremont to have the 13th and other I l l i n o i s regiments, in ­ cluding the 14th and 15th I l l i n o i s , sent to him at once. But other secession tr led by Confederate General Wm. J. Hardee, were stationed at Pocahontas, close to the north lin e o f Arkansas, and Hardee proposed to march on Rolla. to d efeat Lyons’ plans in the southwest.

most competent, a v a ila b le I t was fo r such reasons that Fremont, w isely or not, decided to leave the 13th lan at R o lla . I t was the a b le s t, b e s iftr a in e d regiment then a va ila b le, and Jol. •was h ig h ly respected t : He was t he/ -commander to be l e f t in charg Hardee to make h is proposed attack on R o lla . A dispatch from Gen. Fremont dated Aug. 13, 1861, to the commander (Col.Laurnan)o f the 7th Iowa Regiment, said that 11As i t i s apprehended that the reb els under Gen. Hardee w i l l threaten R o lla from Salem, and endeavor to cut o f f Gen S ig e l's communication w ith S t.Lou is, that_place_(ROLLA) is to be held, a t a lljia z a r d s ^ " and be commanded by the senior colon el, who was Co] .Wyman. -Th5s-"sacie order detained not only the 13th, but a lso the 14th and 15th I l l i n o i s , and the 7th Iowa regiments at R o lla —■too la te to help Lyon.

Local Raids, and the na_tional_Battle o f_ B u ll Run.- I t was Sunday, July 21st when Gen. Lyon was given th is momentous d e cis io n . That was a lso the day when C ol.

Bayles l e f t R o lla fo r S p rin g fie ld , with h is 700 men o f the Lion Guards. That was the day a lso when Union fo rc e s a t B u ll Run's f i r s t b a ttle were soundly defeated. The gloom that resu lted spread a l l over the Northern S tates, and in ten s ely depressed the troop s in R o lla .

Four days la t e r , as the regim ental h is to ria n reported, the 13th I l l i n o i s began a s e rie s o f scouting t r ip s , designed to capture such secessio n ists as could be trapped, togeth er w ith th e ir arms and ammunition. I t was thus that Capt. W alter Blanchard, o f Co. B, 13th, was. sent out w ith 120 infantrymen, plus Major Bowen's Kansas Ranger troop o f c a v a lry . They wanted v e ry much to capture M iscal Johnson, down on the Gasconade r iv e r above the Highway 63 bridge o f 1867, and a lso Hamilton. .

Lenox, whose home was on Elk P r a ir ie , 8 m iles south o f r'.olla. ^ From R o lla they marched. 18 m iles northwest to lo c a te Johnson, and camped overnight. With th is ra id completed, they marched southeast some 25 m iles to fin d "Old Lenox1'# as they d is — r e s p e c tiv e ly c a lle d Hamilton. He was camping near B ennett's M ill, on Bennett's Creek, some few m iles north of Salem. H ere's what happened to these two men Encounter with_Misc_al Johnson. — M iscal Johnson, fo llo w in g clooe o f the C i v i l War was- one~of the most prominent resid en ts and attorneys o f the town of- Vienna, Maries county, M issou ri. He was one o f s e v e ra l sons o f the o r ig in a l Thomas Johnson fa m ily which s e t t le d on the Gasconade below Nagogami (Gaines Ford) in 1818. He was v e ry warmly s e c e s s io n is t. To th is date, he had made a r a id on Unionists at Lao a 4a P r a ir ie where in a miniature b a ttle a Mr. Elder was k i l l e d . He advanced on the p rim itiv e settlem ent a t St.James, but q u ick ly retrea ted when Federal troops on tra in s came in s ig h t. m Now as th is I l l i n o i s regimental detachment app -oached his home, he had ju st come in on horseback. ( lh a t we r e la te was to ld to present w rite rs by Miscal* s grand-daughter). Seeing the approaching troops, M iscal h u rried ly tie d h is io r s e to r a post where he could q u ick ly untie' i t . Running to the house, he greeted hxs w ife ,/ then jumped in t o the dug c e lla through a trap door in the l i v i n g roomX Mrs . -.Johnson, holding her in fa n t son in arms,threw a rug over the trap door and stood on i t . ' in came the Union o f fic e r s , demanding Mr. Johnson. "He i s n 't here", ^she said, "Look the house over and see fo r y o u r s e lf". They proceeded to do so, but xound no tra ce o f him. "We sure saw him come in h ere", they said - and, much puzzled, withdrew to blacked h is fa ce, and donned the s k irts o f the negro housemaid? Than, grabbing a basket, he sauntered out and with no d i f f J - ^ y wnaltever, passed through the s o ld ie r group, saying, »I«m g e t t m ' out to gather the e g g s ." As he neared the teth ered horse, he dropped the basket, jumped on the horse <xnd galloped away - amid the shower o f b u lle ts th t fo llo w ed - none of which found * ts fa Zt F about the country. ^ * About th is time, as he led h is secessio n ist gan gla n d his brother Abraham le d a s im ila r one on the Union side, i t was said by th e ir resp ective troop bands that . fre q u e n tly both men were found t o be m issing a ft e r n ig h t fa ll. Tney were meeting

by C.V.Mann out in the woods fo r a fr ie n d ly "b ro th e rly taltc.H a a iltm .la n o ^ X s Irap£ed,_But_Fle=3. - / Sea th is storr/ in considerable d e t a il in R o lla Herald, ser ia liz e d from March 30 to A p r il 12. ^

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HAMILTON LENOX. - This man was the son o f W illiam Lenox, who was a close frien d and hunting companion o f D aniel Boone. W illiam had helped surveyors to la y out the s tr e e ts and c i t y blocks in J efferson C ity in 1826. Hamilton, the son, had married Pamela, daughter of James Harrison who, in 1818, with broth er-in -law John Duncan, were f i r s t s e t t le r s in what is now Phelps County.

Out on Elk P r a ir ie , 8 miles south of R o lls , th is couple — Ham and Pam — had b u ilt an and liv e d in th e ir lo g cabin since 1839. Only a year cr so p rio r to beginnings of the C i v i l YJar, Ham hac b u ilt a most unique “ c ita d e l" beside the lo g house. I t was an eig h t-s id e d a f f a i r two and one-half storys h i g i . I t would seem that Ham intended i t as some sort o f a fo r tr e s s or lookout, should war break out.

S evera l paragraphs tack, we have said that Captain Blanchard, o f Co. K, 13th I l l i n o i s regiment, had gone southeast to B ennett's M ill, hunting Mr. Lenox who with a small secessio n ist squad had gone th ere. The two groups clashed, exchanged shots, and Mr. Lenox got away s a fe ly . . . . But he now decided that h is best in te r e s t required him to the Rolla. area, at once* He th erefore loaded h is wagons, one evening, w ith a l l the fa m ily fu rn itu re and belongings - so the fa m ily could leave fo r the South the next day. But on the evening o f th at same day, ju st a t sunset, the dogs barked — and Mr. Lenox saw a squad o f Union s o ld ie r s r a p id ly approaching the house.

Without spending much time in fa re w e lls , Mr. Lenox dashed to the barn - mounted his s w ift horse "Ligh tn in g" - and without taking to the gaps he had made in the fence fo r the wagons - made the horse jump the fence, amid a shower o f b u lle ts , he escaped - though sone o f h is fa m ily la te r said that one b a l l h it and wounded him.

Me. Lenox continued south u n til he came to the Arkansas v illa g e o f Strawberry.

This was a v illa g e in the county cf Lawrence. I t is some 35 m iles south o f the Missouri-Arkansas state lin e , and about 25 miles north o f the c it y of Newport. I t i s sene 5 m iles d is ta n t from both the south and west lin e s of Lawrence county - and some 10 m iles south and 18 m iles west cf Hoxie.

H«re at Strawberry, the fa m ily managed somehow to jo in Mr. Lenox presently.

Soon a ft e r le a v in g the Elk P r a ir ie home, Mrs. Lenox - walking to jo in her husband was taken prisoner — then released* Mr. Lenox never returned to the R o lla area# His children have informed present w riters that he died a t Strawberry in 1867. A fter the War ended, Mrs. L enox and her son. Dr. Wilson Lenox and two or three other ch ildren, returned to R olla . She entered court action to recover her old Elk P r a ir ie home, vfoich had been sold by the Phelps County Court, because of fa ilu r e to pay accrued taxes.

Mrs. Lenox was able to g e t only her "widow's dower r ig h t " to one th ird o f the farm, including the residence - and that only, fo r so long as she should l i v e . She died in 1872. .... . ..

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Fo* many vears th e r e a fte r , a number o f her children ( including the e ld e r som, Thomas ) liv e d in the area around Paris and C i r c i i v i l l e Texas. A very prominent great-grandson - Dr. Lenox Baker - has fo r many years been the head o f the orthopedic c lin ic at Duke U n ive rs ity , Durham, N.C.

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In sert 2 pages leave pages ___ done yesterd ay. v’jAGONj & MULuo x1OR Trlii: AiilY. — During the week from July 15 to 22, approximately 300 mules and 150 wagons were shipped in to R o lla on the Southwest Branch. The wagons, designed fo r transport out o f R o lla , were a l l substantial and new. The mules "were a choice l o t o f anim als". . . . There then^egan the_ extensive bu ildin g o f stables and c o rra ls fo r the mules, and the shipping/or' seisin g* on fo ra g in g expeditions ^ out from R o lla f-'o f tons and tons o f hay and gra in . Large log-constructed warehouses, granaries, and commissary stores were b u ilt around the area in 196? occupied by the Frisco depot, ° $ h e ra ilro a d at 9th s t r e e t. / See Rx / N. —~ j A New Silk_en_PTag Presented And Raised^- On July 13th, a b e a u tifu l silken f l a g was presented t o Co. B o f C ol. B ayles’ R i f l e B a tta lio n . The donor, who a ls o made — . the presentation speech, was MrsvfMeFall. w ife o f that company's captain. Lt.Wa.S. Stewart, fo r the Company, received the f l a g - whereupon i t was ca rried by a f l a g de-tai around the parade grounds. The boys o f the R if le B a tta lio n , drawn up in dress parade, l u s t i ly cheered the "Stars and S tr ip e s ". / See Rx /

R o lla ’ _s C i v i l War H o s p ita ls .- As o f Mon, July 22, 1861, we have th is account o f the e a r ly C i,v il War h o s p ita ls in R o lla . /See Rx /uly 2 2 ,’ 61, p . 2 , c o l . l / "H o s p ita ls . We have n eglected h ereto fore to mention th is important branch c f the US Army station ed here. The b u ild in g owned by F.M.Lenox, county clerk ( i . e . , the old wooden temporary court house, vacated by him on the approach o f the Union troops, has been f i t t e d up and occupied by Dr. Smith, physician and surgeon fo r C ol. Bayles* R i f l e B a tta lio n . He i s a ssisted by Drs. F u ller and H olly, who are good physicians, a tte n tiv e th e ir p a tien ts. The b u ildin g is in a fin e , h ealth y l o c a l i t y (SE . 'c o r . 3rd & Park S t s . ), and w e ll designed fo r the purposes f o r which i t i s being u s e d ."I One story, f l o o r plan'measuring-SQ x 30 f e a t ) . " Dr. Smith t e l l s us that there are now some 25 patients under treatment, who are g e n e ra lly im proving. The p r in c ip a l ailments are chi I I s and fe v e r s of various types. There i s no epidemic, and as yet there have been no deaths. " The hiss p it a l belonging to the 13 th I l l i n o i s Regiment i s upon the camp ground o f that regim ent, under charge o f Dr. S.C.Plummer, regim ental surgeon-physician, a ssisted by Dr. Law. We learn that there are about a dozen cases under charge, but that none appear to be dangerous.""

Present w r ite r s may add that the mbre frequent ailments that developed, as the was progressed, jd. Included included colds, flu , dysentery, measles, and typhoid fe v e r . We add also th at, a ft e r C ol. Bayles le f t - w i t h h is R ifle ; B a tta lio n , Dr. Plummer took ever the F.M.Lenox b u ild in g to then used by Dr. Smith fo r h o s p ita l ...D u rin g la t e r years of the war, troops stationed here had a h a lf— moon c i r c l e o f lo g —b u ild in g 3 used fo r h o s p ita l purposes. The northend rested at the in te r s e c tio n o f 10th and Cedar s tre e ts the southeast end near 7th and Maple s tr e e ts . The row o f bu ildings bowed outward, to the northeast, s k ir tin g today’ s high school fo o t b a ll fie ld .^ In e a r lie s t days o f H o lla ’ s troop investm ent, the b ric k court house, then unfinished in s id e, was used fo r storage o f hay, grain , and feeds fo r -;jilita r y stock. Dr. iummer soon r e f it t e d i t fo r a d d itio n a l h o s p ita l f a c i l i t i e s .

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Jan 18, *67 M ilit a r y Newspapers 186>1—62.•— E ditor Walker had remarked that the 13th — — <— — *“•” “ 1rL ,‘ " " ' • i __ J _______M />,« k4 /% r\ r* r\ r>’ ■**■>4" e> "Pr\Y» ___ __0__ snfc con.t 3 .xned. numerous p rin ters_ and newspaper msn,— -r-iV which accounts fo r Lnols Eeg?^er the editing°and p rin tin g o f a sheet c a lle d "Our Re^iment^ . From i t we quote three sample e cerpts below. . . . Another such sheet was the " CampJ3weeney_S£y!', printed by the boys o f C ol. Bayles* R if le B a tta lio n . A th ird sheet was the "D a ily R o lla Express", prin ted at,and d is trib u te d by s o ld ie r paper c a rrie rs connected with Editor walker1s weekly R o lla Express. / Find & comment on Dai l y Express / Here are the three sample quotes from "Cur Regiment", the work o f the 13th I l l i ­ nois Regiment: (r .jio t e _ l): Samp R o lla , Sycamore S tre e t, Wednesday, July 17, 185x.— Dear .editor: While s it t in g in my ten t th is b e a u tifu l morning, my thoughts wander back across h i l l and v a le to the b e a u tifu l p r a ir ie s o f our cwn lo v e ly State ( I l l i n o i s ) , and res ts on loved and dear ones at home, whom we have taken by hand and pressed to the heart in a long long an perhaps a la s t fa r e w e ll. We have seen the tea r and the quivering l i p o f * the dear w ife who, with true Spartan heroism, at her country's c a ll, has o f­ fered at the shrine o f her country* s lib e r t y the dear one fo r whom she l e f t fa th er, mother, and the home o f her childhood, and a l l e ls e — to love and cherish.

"The mother has pressed her noble boy to her heart, and almost with more than human courage, has said, "Go, my boy - i t i s your country that c a l l s . " ..S is t e r s have wept, fa th ers have striv e n m anfully to keep back the tea rs . » Now why i s a l l th is sorrow, th is parting o f loved ones, and those tears Why are we in arms, and in b a ttle array ?? i s i t merely fo r honor, or g lo ry alone Ko 1 I t i s to p ro tec t our lo v e ly country from the hands o f t r a it o r s and reb els, and to hand down to our h ildren the g lo rio u s old fla g , the Stars and S trip es, un­ s u llie d and untarnished by the touch o f one sin gle tr a ito r * s hand i « Than dear ones a t home, dry up your te a rs . R e jo ice, rather than weep. Tniu i s a g lo rio u s and noble cause your loved ones are engaged in , and should any o f then even f a l l on the b a t t le f ie ld , weep not - but rather praise God that you have had the g re a te r honor o f g iv in g to your country so.worthy A s a c r if ic e . " ( Sounds rath er fa m ilia r , d o esn 't i t - in th is 1967 year o f fig h t in g in V iet ----Nam 1 1 ) ( Quote No. 2 ): Rev. Stanford Ing A r r iv e s .- On Sunday la s t ( July 1 4 ,* o l ) , we Here v i s i t S T b v the Rev. Stanford Ing, accompanied, we should think, by about 100 Union men men on horseback. When we r e c o lle c t that sine on norseD&cK* ----- —i t i s but a. b r i e^f space .o f tame / _ 3 rns the p rotectio f our Gamp, Rev | HP* ^ "Was 2L5 forced XQTCCU. to bU seek un^ w www.*. n o ------- * , driven from hxs home ( and M eth odift pastorate a t Cuba, Mo.) by a cru el and p it ile s s fo e , we_are more than con­ vinced that there is a la te n t Union sentiment, even in southern mxssouri, .nhicn i s strong enough, in i t s e l f , to d riv e secession from the area. . . . .

"C ol S i - e l 's v ic t o r y (? ? ? ) has e f fe c t u a lly removed from secession ist minds that id e a *th a t6one secessio n ist ( o f the pseudo c h iv a lry ) i s equal to f i v e ox the Northern A b o lit io n is ts . The Union men had become awed m s p ir it - but we to sav that they are now corning out and speaking p la in ly . Secession has received v ir t u a lly dead - and none are so poor as to do i t reveren ce." ( End Quote_ No_;_2) .

Present w r ite r s can add th is comment: One Sunday, in his church in Cuba men o f the congregation warned R ev.Ing that secessio n ists had planned r,o a r iv e and break up the e v S S n - meeting, Whereupon Rev. In g to ld h is church members to be sure and « 7 » 1 evening meeting - and a ls o brin g t h . i r guns. This they dad - but the r io t e r s staved away, having learned o f an armed church congregation. But f- om the m lo U t e v f l n v 2 d d th a t; i f , as seemed lik e l y , there had to be an armed faght, he had’ as w e ll g et a gun and do h is own part. This he did, as the loregoin g para graph r e la t e d .

A c m i as a Ha3or> and sent out to ra id the BlackweU home and farm luSt over the Phelps-Dent county lin e at the southeast corner o f Phelps.

Mr^ vr-ili" B lackw ell, a boy when th is ra id occurred, person ally to la th is story to present 1w r ite r s : Rev. In g had been sent to the Bla * w e l l place because Union car-

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mznders at R o lla b lie v e d the B lackw ell fam ily was a id in g tn secession ists by g iv in g or s e llin g b e e f c a t tle , poulty and other provisions to them. I t had to stop, and Major In g was to see to that l And so, as he examined the situ a tio n a t the farm, questioning Mrs. Blackw e ll, Major In g concluded that the HoBQe fe § ilire tru e. Mwereupon he ordered his squad to co n fis c a te or k i l l e v e ry / liv in g fo w l or animal on the farm. The fa m ily sla ves, togeth er w ith any u sefu l animal or provision s were confiscated and taken to R o lla . The men proceeded to k i l l the dogs, p ou ltry not vjanted, and a l l e ls e .

For h im self, Rev. Ing selected Mrs. Blackwood*s fa v o r it e turkey gobbler. Holding i t on high, as she watched from the kitchen door, Rev. Ing said, "Mrs. B lackw ell, th is fo w l w i l l make me and my men a mighty fin e supper at R o lla to n ig h t." H otly she r e p lie d , " Damn you, s ir l And I hope you do eat i t - every sraitch - claws, fe a th e rs , innards and a l l 1" A fte r a year or so o f th is sort o f thing, Rev. Ing concluded he had had enough o f a c tiv e fig h t in g - and so he resumed his duties as a preacher. His was a f i r s t sermon in R o lla - he had preached i t in I860. He now led in the move to organize a Methodist church in R o lla , and was socm the presiding eld er of the R o lla Methodist d i s t r i c t . ( End Quote No. 2 .)

(Quote No._ 3) : NOTES IN_CAMP £i3th Ill._ P .e _ g t.) B u lly fo r us 1 The Army and Navy fo re v e r I .....

"Corporal o f the Guard, No. 17", roars sentry No. 3 "Corporal o f the Guard, No. 16" roars sentry No. 4 . . . "Corporal o f the Guard, No. 15 - double quick", roars sentry No. 5 • •« And so i t goes around, and away goes poor Corporal on the double quick. " Hog r e l i e f , f a l l in l Water d e t a il - water d e t a i l ! Where the d___ 1 are a l l the p a ils ? " .."T a k e your camp k e tt le , d__n i t l F a ll i n ' . " ........"Wait * t i l l I get my canteen I" . . . " Can*t take your canteens - against ord ers." (Canteen man smells t .*). a rat, fa oik .care "Lieutenant, pass me out ? (Give me a pass out) ...(L o o k s toward depot) .."What i s that, you say? Col Wyman* s got those four cannon?" . . . "Yes, Col. Wyman i s back - he got the cannon." . . . "B u lly fo r him - b u lly fa r the 13th." " lieu ten an t, I want .to be passed out. H a in 't been out since we came to R o lla .

Want to get (photographer) Lewis to take my p ic tu r e ." . . . "Go to i t , old Bust—a—t i t " . . . . "Hog R e lie f, d e t a il f u l l . " . . . Lieutenant, pass me out l Want to wash - hain’ t washed since came t o R o lla ." . . . "What i s that ? Dog fig h t? Go i t , old S u tler Let your dorg chaw him. . . . Captain, take that pup by the le g s , get a p a il o f water ( t o subdue him ). ( Drums b e a t )• ."What i s that?? Sergeant's rep ort ??" . . . "No, i t ' s d r i l l . " . . . " D r i l l be hanged*. Say, what's that at Col. Wyman's ten t ?" .. .'(A ll rush to s e e ). // A new n igger, contraband — ju st come in . ..." S a y , old fe llo w , what's the matter?

(Higher r e c lie s ) .."M assa’ s been camped out, an’ d is mornin* he send fo r me. Bis niggahsrudderffightaforhdem sstars un strip es e f he mus fig h t . So I jtakes one o f mas sa * s horses, an comes in he ah.11 . . . (A t th is point in the s u ife rin g A fr ic a n ’ s n a rra tiv e , the whole army, w ith mouths open in wander, stood in breathless s u rp ris e ).

"Wa£er d e t a il - f a l l i n i Where in h 1 i s the water d e ta il? " . . . (N igger in the shade r e p lie s ) .. " P la y in ’ Old pledge 1" . . . ( F i r s t man on water d e ta il, to niggah) d contraband, 1*11 bust your d__ d head.( E x it colored man, showing "Dry up, you d Vv iv o r y teeth , keeping a sharp look over l e f t shoulder) . . . (End ju.2fc£ N°^.3).

Guns fo r_ F o rt Wyman A rrive.-

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w ith 13th 111. h is to r ia n 's record, says: "The fou r 32-pounders (cannon)^that have . . .

-----depot 1or some been1 the s p e c ia l o b ject o f c u r io s ity o f a l l who have v is it e d the depot 1 ommanding the days;, were removed on yesterday ( August30) to a point ^Ft.wyraan) ccanraan

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^f.ar*v I'levvsoajDers in Rolla_j_ 1861—62.- E d itor Walker had remarked that the 13th — "i -i -ini s Re~iment contained numerous p rin ters and newspaper men,— which accounts fo r the editing°and p rin tin g o f a sheet ca lled "Our Regiment^ . From i t we quote three sample e-cerp ts below. . . . Another such sheet was the " Camp_SweeneyJS£y", prin ted by th e'b cvs o f Col. Bayles* R if le B a tta lio n . A th ird sheet was the "D a ily R o lla Express", prin ted at .and d is trib u ted by s o ld ie r paper c a rrie rs connected with E ditor w alker1s weekly R o lla Express. / Find & comment on Dai l y Express Here are the three sample quotes from "Our Regiment", the work o f the 13th I l l i I ( C u o t e _ i ) : Samp R o lla , Sycamore S treet, Wednesday, J u ly 17, 1361.- Dear r d it o r : Thile s it t in g in my ten t th is b e a u tifu l morning, my thoughts wander back across h i l l and va le to the b e a u tifu l p r a ir ie s o f our cwn lo v e ly State ( I l l i n o i s ) , and re s ts an loved and dear ones at home, whom we have taken by hand and pressed to the hearty in a 2.on ” long, an perhaps a la s t fa r e w e ll. We have seen the te a r and the qu ivering l i o o f the dear w ife who, with true Spartan, heroism, at her country’ s c a ll, has o f­ fe red at the shrine o f her country’ s l ib e r t y the dear one fo r whom she l e f t fa th er, mother and the home o f her childhood, and a l l e ls e — to love and cherish.

"The mother has pressed her noble boy to her heart, and almost with more than ------— that c —a human courage, has said, "Go, my .boy - i. t. .i s your country a l3l-s .»* . .S is te r s lav? wept, fa th ers have strive n m anfully to keep back the te a rs , ii $ow why i s a l l th is sorrow, th is partin g o f loved ones, and those uears ?? * " . _ ^ ^ ________1 *. A M A v t A rr ,-rl rt-yiw n 1 /VI £ and in b a.ttle array ??

I s i• t1 merely fo __ r Vhonor, or g lo r y alone ? vir l I t i s to p rotect our lo v e ly country from the hands of t r a it o r s and reb els, ana 1 Javm to our h ild ren the gloriou s old fla g , the Stars and S trip es, un— 1U to ha--1 and untarnished by the touch o f one sin gle t r a i t o r 's handi s u lii ■ Then dear ones at home, dry up your te a rs . R e jo ice , rath er than weep. ^ Tnxs I s a g lo rio u s and noble cause your loved ones are engaged in , and should any o f them evenl fJLCIXA. a l l on f ie ld ,, weep God that you have had.

Wii the b a t t le ~ —~ i not - but rath er praise . g rea te r honor o f g iv in g to your country so worthy a s a c n iic e* thr f

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( Sounds rath er fa m ilia r, doesn’ t i t - in th is 196? year o f fig h tin g in V ie t ----Nam 1i ) * ( Quote No. 2 ): Rev. Stanford Ing A r r iv e s .- On Sunday la s t ( July 1 4 ,’ 61), we were v is ltid ~ b y the Rev. Stanford Ing, accompanied, we should think, by about 1UU_ Tjrp Cr, men on horseback. When we r e c o lle c t that i t i s but a b r i e f space of time since fo rced lo to seejK. seek uic the pruucouivu p rotection o f our Camp, driven from----h is home ( and -------- ------Rev. in s was rorcea _ \ ^ ____ i __ .-3 un mrvr»pt T.hrn nr vreth od ist pastorate a t Cuba, Mo.) by a cru el and p it ile s s fo e , we are more lian c on­ here is a la te n t Union sentiment, even in Southern M issouri, which i s tnai lin e ( s f ’ onc- enough, in i t s e l f , to d rive secession from the area.

"Col S i^ e l’ s v ic t o r y (? ? ?) has e ffe c t u a lly removed from secessio n ist minds that idea*th at one se cessio n ist ( o f the pseudo chivalry) i s _equal to f i v e o f the Northern A b o lit io n is ts .

The Union men had become awed in s p ir it - but we are happy to sav that they are now coming out and speaking p la in ly . Secession has received i t s quietus here. I t i s v ir t u a lly dead - and none are so poor as to do a t reverence. ( End «uot£ N o ^ ) .

Present w rite r s can add th is comment: One Sunday, in h is churcn in Cuba, man ox the congregation warned Rev.Ing that secessio n ists had planned t o a .r iv e and break up the eve nine meeting Whereupon Rev. In g to ld h is church members to be sure and car- -o the even in g meeting - and a lso brin g th e ir guns. This they did - but uhe . r io t e r s stayed away, having learned o f an armed church congregation. But fr a a the p u lp it Rev. In g said th at, i f , as seemed lik e ly , _there had to be an armed fig n t , he had*as w e ll g et a gun and do h is own p a rt. This he did, as the fo reg o in g para-

rv»SrwH

commissioned as a Major, and sent out to ra id the BlackneU. home and farm, ju i t over the Phelps-Dent county lin e at the southeast corner ° f Bhelps.

Mr W vlie Blackw ell, a boy when th is ra id occurred, person ally io l~ t h is sto ry to present w r ite r s : Rev. In g had been sent to the B laskw ell place because Union com-

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mznders at R o lls b lie v e d the B lackw ell fam ily was aiding the secession ists by g iv in g or s e llin g b e e f c a t tle , poulty and other provisions to them. I t had to stop, and Major In g was to see to that l And so, as he examined the situ a tion at the farm, questioning Mrs. Blackw e ll, Major Ing concluded that the figgflu|§fH$re tru e. Wwereupon he ordered his squad to c o n fis ca te -or k i l l e v e ry / liv in g fo w l or animal on the farm. The fa m ily sla ves, togeth er w ith any u sefu l animal or provision s were confiscated and taken to R o lla . The men proceeded to k i l l the dogs, pou ltry not wanted, and a l l e ls e . tin s iovijl 7fi.Li.maKe me ana my men a nu.gnx>y n a c supper du she r e p lie d , » Damn you, s ir i And I hope you do eat i t - every smitch - claws, fea th ers, innards and a l l !"

A fte r a year or so o f th is sort o f thing, Rev. Ing concluded he had had enough o f a c tiv e fig h t in g - and so he resumed his du ties as a preacher. His was a f i r s t sermon in Ro.Ha - he had preached i t in I860. He now led in the move to organize a Methodist church in R o lla , and was soom the presiding eld er o f the R o lla Methodist d i s t r i c t . ( End Quote No. 2 .)

(Quote No^ 3) : NOTES IN_CAMP £i3th I l l . _ R e g t . ) B u lly fo r us ! The Army and N3.V7 .forsvsx* 2 * • mo "C orp oral*of the Guard, No. 17", roars sentry No. 3 . . . "Corporal o f the Guard, No. 16" roars sentry No. 4 . . . "Corporal o f the Guard, No. 15 ~ douole quick", roars sentry No. 5 . . . And so i t goes around, and away goes poor Corporal on the double quick. " Hog r e l i e f , f a l l in ! Water d e t a il - water d e t a il l Where the d _ _ _ l are a l l the o a ils ? " .."T ak e your camp k e tt le , d__n i t l F a ll i n i " ........"Wait ' t i l l I get my canteen!" . . . "C an't take your canteens - against orders." (Canteen man smells a ra t, f a l l s out .* ). .

"Lieutenant, pass me out ? (Give me a pass out) ...(L o o k s toward depot) . ."Wnat i s th at, you say? Col Wyman's got those four cannon?" . . . "Yes, Col. Wyman i s back - he got the cannon." . . . "B u lly fo r him — b u lly fo r the 13th.'' " Xieutenant, I want to be passed out. H a in 't been out since we came to R o lla .

Want to get (photographer) Lewis to take my p ic tu r e ." . . . "Go to i t , old B u s t- a - t it " . . . . "Hog R e lie f, d e t a il f u l l . " . . . Lieutenant, pass ms o u t! Want to wash - h a in 't washed since came t o R o lla ." . . . "What i s that ? Dog fig h t? Go i t , old ^Sutler l Let rour dorg chaw him. . . . Captain, take that pup by the le g s , get a p a il o f wate* (wo s^b^ . ams1b^a t -\ i s that?? Sergeant's rep ort ??" . . . "No, i t ' s d r i l l . " . . . " D r i l l be hanged! Say, what's that at Col. Wyman's tent ?" . . . ( A l l rush to s e e ). /'/ A new n igger, contraband - ju st come in . ..." S a y , old fe llo w , what's the matter?

(B ir - e r r e o lie s ) .."M assa 's been camped out, an' d is mornin' he send fo r me. Bis niggah. rudderffight-.for.:dem cstars un strip es e f he mus fig h t* So I-ta k e s one o f massa's horses, an comes in he ah." . . . (At th is poxnb in the su xfering A fric a n ' n a rra tiv e , the whole army, w ith mouths open in wonder, stood in breathless s u rp ris e ). . . . (N igger in * * J* !Wa£er d e t a il - f a l l i n ! .There in h__1 i s the water d e ta il? " the shade r e p lie s ) .." P la y in ' Old sledge i" . . . ( F i r s t man on water d e ta il, to niggah) "Dry up you d d contraband, I ' l l bust your d__ d head„ ( EQit colored man, showing b is ivo rjr teeth , keeping a sharp look over l e f t shoulder) - . . (Lnci jiofce Jo_»3)• i t a ^ s that C ol. J-B.Wj.naD, o f the 13th 111.

R e g t . / ^ d S e T o S t . L c ^ s to re q u is itio n the four ? ghty 32-pound saep. guns ^ 9. ^rvtnan The re p o rte r 1s note o f August J±f / ° 0tUil; x ‘' i W d W - u ta“ S .'o °ia D '? le o o r d , says: "The fo u r 32-pounders (cannon! that have Sen S e s Q ^ a f o? c u r io s ity o f a l l who have v is it e d the depot fo r sor.e davs were* removed on yesterday ( August 30) no a point (F t .Wyman) commanding the

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Wed Jan 18’ 67 surrounding country fo r m iles - and stationed there. Some 200 men, we understand, Should those cannon be made to open th ei r wide mouths, and be " f ir e d " y, the "n a tive s" around here w i l l sure be surprised, I t took a 10-mule team to haul each one o f the cannon." / Rx Sat Aug 31, * 61/.

were engaged in the work.

Tried To_Blow Up_Train_Between_DiljLon & R o lla ,- On Tuesday as the tra in was coming from S t.Lou is, two m iles east o f D illo n , la id on the track so as to explode when the engine passed over. l i f t e d the engine a b it , scorched the en gin eer's hands somewhat, damage .

V

evening , Aug.29. 161, a powder keg was ^t_did_igriite,, but did no other

The W aitin g Period_Agprcaches End - Fi^hting_Begins. - While the 13th I l l i n o i s thus im p a tien tly awaited an order to march to Gen. Lyon* s support — while he v a in ly continued t o plead with Washington fo r a d d itio n a l troops and provisions — and w hile Confederate generals suggested plans both fo r the invasion o f Southeast M issouri and an a ttack on R o lla, the m ilita r y atmosphere in a l l M issouri, and p a r tic u la r ly in R o lla and S p rin g fie ld areas, became red hot.

The plans unfolded by some o f the Southern generals were such as the fo llo w in g ; General McCulloch Suggests j\ttacks_on S p rin g fie ld and R o lla .- The raids out in to the country around R o lla, suctfas we nave ju st recounted, were s t i l l in progress when, on July 30th, Gen. Benjamin McCulloch, from his camp in C a s s v ille , Ixi Barry county, 32 m iles north o f and 40 m iles east o f Missc u ri 5s southwest corner, and about 60 m iles southwesterly from S p rin g fie ld , wrote the Confederate secretary o f war and made these suggestions: (1 ) That he was about to move on Lyon's fo rces in S p r in g fie ld ; (2 ) That, to a id in the e ffe c tiv e n e s s o f h is own move, Gen. Wm.J. Hardee, w ith troops stationed at Pocahontas, Arkansas ( 115 m iles south and 40 m iles east o f R olla ) should make a sim ila r move on R o lla . The h is to ria n o f the 13th I l l i n o i s regiment thus discusses the situ a tio n as o f that day: (Q u o te ): The Fort (Wyman) had not yet been commenced, and was not commenced u n til 28 days afterw ard ( on August 2 7 th ). The four 32-pounder siege guns would not a r r iv e fo r about twenty days, and would be u seless fo r many days to come, u n til they could be mounted. Df course, i t is useless to speculate on how Gen Hardee^ or any other r e b e l general, backed by a considerable fo rc e , would have been received , had they attacked us suddenly. But i t i s p re tty ce rta in that they would have had much to t a lk about, had they t r ie d i t . (end q u o te). The h is to ria n said that the 13th regiment consisted o f about a thousand men, " f u l l o f f ig h t " , but poorly armed.

I t s only support was a small ca va lry fo rc e ( Maj. Bowen? s Kansas Rangers) fo r lig h t scouting and v id e t te guard.

Hoi 3 &was certa in ly; a hi^i^_importa.nt_and__3trate> g ic _ m ilita r ^ gos t_d ur xng those c ru c ia l dags_—_ajS well_as_ ghgoughout_the^war.

DUG SPRINGS AND THE IMPENDING BATTLE. - Generals McCulloch and P rice were having heated arguments because P rice poorly d r ille d h is armed troops, and allowed hordes o f unarmed men and camp fo llo w e rs to hamper h is a c t i v i t i e s . McCulloch's fo rces were fa r b e tt e r train ed, much les s hampered., I f he were to fig h t alongside P ric e , he in s is te d that he be accorded the top command; but even so, he was most relu ctan t to make th is compomise.

However, w ith these d iffe re n c e s tem porarily adjusted, the word was, "Forward. L e t 's fig h t General Lyon*" (t o next page ) . . . . .

As McCu_loch and P rice advance ; to attack . .

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2nd Ed Jan 17,1967

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( _ 16 _ ) .. page 20 o f Jan 18

S p rin g fie ld , Gen Lyon with most o f his ^my of some 5,000 men moved south to meet him. Portion s o f the two armies ( but not the main d iv is io n s ) met at . a place c a lle d Dug Springs - the Southerners under Gen. James S. Rains - the Unionists led by Q .o t » (la t e r Gen.) Frederick S te e le . ...G en . James Totten, veteran a r t i l l e r y commander, and h is b a ttery , played a h ig h ly important r o le fo r the Unionists. The co f l i c t ended w ith moderate c -s u a ltie s on each side. For the Unionists, as stated bynthe 13th 111. regim ental h is to ria n , 4 k ille d - 37 wounded. For the Southerners, 40 k ille d , 47 wounded.

Seeing th at he was faced w ith an army three or four times as la rge as h is, Gen. Lyon withdrew in to S p rin g fie ld , where once more he fr a n t i c l l y plead fo r reinforcem ents and fo r ammunition and supplies that did not come. He declared that, i f these s u -p lie s and reinforcem ents did not come, he would be compelled to aban­ don the campaigh and r e tr e a t to St.Lou is through H olla . I t was to p a r t ia lly supply these needed p rovision s that the 13th 111. Regiment picked a s e le c t detachment o f 2 men from* each o f i t s ten companies, and placed L ieu t. James Beardsley ( o f Co.D) in charge. This grouo l e f t R o lla with a wagon tr a in loaded w ith ammunition and p rovision s on August *3rd - and reached Lyon in time to take an a c tiv e part in the B a ttle o f W ilson*s Creek.

To get' added a tten tio n from Washington, Gen. Lyon persuaded the future Mis­ souri governor, Hon. John S. Phelps ( then a congressman frorn^Springfield) to go there and p erson a lly in terview President Lincoln - which he d id . Lincoln asked ^ h is secreta ry o f war to permit ilr. Phelps to organize several new regiments, or co use those a lrea d y being formed, fo r the reinforcem ent of Lyon* s army. I t was a l l both too l i t t l e and too la t e . , THE BATTLE CF WTT^CH* 3 CREEK. AUG 10,1861. - Gen. Lyon now faced h is c ru c ia l ( decision^ I f he were to r e tr e a t, then he would have to fig h t ,w ith rear guard, the pursuing armies o f McCulloch and P r ic e .- . ' might even lose R o lla and/open the * way t o S t.L o u is. That course seemed im possible. . . . The a lte rn a tiv e was to face the Southerners, g iv e b a t tle , and c rip p le them so they cou ldn't fo llo w - i f Lyon then re tre a te d to R o lla • This was the plan adopted. # .

Xt is i f interest in our story of Rolla to know what m ilitary units were involved in this b a ttle, and afterward quartered fornthe winter at R o lla . For such ourrose we give, f i r s t , the l i s t made by Gen. Lyon himself, immediately following Dug Springs0- and after that, the lis t .a s reported by Major S.D.Sturgis in his report of the Battle o f W ilson 1s Creek / O ffic ia l Re cords,.-far of Rebellion, f o l . 3, Series 1. Respectively pages 48 and 6 5 / General Lyon^s_List General Lyon wrote that his army consisted of four General LyonJ_s_List_. brigades: "These with their commanders are as follow s: .

0 F irst Brigade. Led by Lajor Samuel D. Sturgis (o f Kansas regiments) . . . .

Four companies C a v a lry (2 50 men) . . . Four companies o f 1st U.S. (350 men) Two companies of 2nd Missouri Volunteers ( 00 men) ...O ne company " o d e n 's a r t i l l e r y b a tte ry (34 men) ........ T otal 1 st B rigade,834 * 4n. ° f " aps;cond C a ^ e T T y Col & L S lg e l: 3rd M issouri Volunteers_(700 « » ) „ . . . 5th M issouri Volunteers (600 men) . . . 2nd B attery o f A r t i l l e r y (2nd L t. John V. DuBois) (120 men) ........T o ta l fo r 2nd Brigade, 1,420 men. .

Third B rigade: Under L t.C o l. George L. Andrews... 1st Mo. Volunteers (9^0 ^ n ) . .

Four companies U .sTlnfantry, regu lars (300 men) ...O ne b a tte ry o f a r t i l l e r y (64 men) T o ta l 3rd 3rigade . . . 1264 men. , , , of „ nr?

Kansas Fourth Brigade: . Col.Geo W. D e it z le r m command. . . . la t and_2nd Kansas Volunteer regim ents (1400 m en) -----1st Iowa R e g im e n t (C ols. J . r . Bates & >.n.H. M e r r it t ) (900 men) . . . . Total 4th Brigade . . . 2,^00 men.

Records Lvon’ s t o t a l army im m ediatel , a ft e r Dug Springs . . . . 5,868 men. / ,(a. Records, V ol.3 . s e rie s 1. page 48/ This was approximately the s iz e o f Lyon s army th^ faced the Price-McGulloch ebnbined army o f approximately 20,000 men on august 3rd.

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ilaior S tu rgis L is ts Regiments Entering_Battle ofJttlson’ s Creek.- / O ffic ia l, Records. V o l.3, se rie s 1. page ^5 ....... Quote: " On the 9th in st. ( Aug.9, 1861) Gen. Lvon came to the determination o f attacking the enemy’ s ca .p; and accordingly d is p o s itio n s were made on the afternoon of that day fo r an attack at daylight, next morning (1 0 th ). The_command_v)as_to move_in two columng,_co. \oosed a s_fo llow s: FIRS1 ? Cdllilnli: Under' Gen. Lyon . . . consisted o f one b a tta lio n oj. regular *■»£>.

In fa n try under Capt. Plummer - Companies B-C-D, 1st In fa n try, Captains G ilb ert, Plummer, Huston - with one company o f r i f l e r e c ru its under Lieut wood; Major Peter Osterhaus’ b a tta lio n , 2nd Mo. Volunteers, two companies; ...C a p t. James Totten’ s b a tte rv 6 pieces, and Capt. Wood’ s mounted company o f 2nd Kansas Volunteers, with L t. C a n field ’ s company, 1st Cavalry, U.S. Regulars. This constituted the F ir s t „ , Brigade, under Major S.D .Stu rgis. , ............

---- The*Second Brigade under L t. Col. Geo. L. Andrews ( o f 1st Mo. Volunteers) was composed o f Capt. F rederick S t e e le 's b a tta lio n o f U.S. Regulars, Companies 3 & E, 2nd In fa n tr y ; one company o f r e c ru its under L t. Lothrop, 4th A r t i l l e r y ; one company o f r e c r u its under Sgt‘. Morine; L t. DuBcis' lig h t b a ttery , con sistin g ox lour pieces, one o f which was a 12-pounder gun....And the 1st Mo. Volunteers. _ .

The Third Brigade included the 1st and 2nd Kansas Volunteers, under D ie t z le r w ith C ol. . i t c h e l l commanding the la t t e r . In addition, the 1st ^owa Regt.

Volunteers and some. 200 Home Guards (mounted) completed the FIRST COLULum under Lyon.

THE SECOND COLUMN, under C o l.S ig e l, consisted o f the 3rd and $th RegimentsJIo.■_ V olu n teers; one company o f cavalry, under Capt. Eugene Carr; one company 2nd Dragoon: ( F ir s t In fa n tr y ), and. one lig h t b a tte ry o f s ix p ieces.

The Plan Of General Lyonjw ith the above F irst Column/was to make a and ni^ht march" ou' o f S p rin g fie ld , and r e s t a few hours before dayligh t close toicne. west, of | Me Cull e "camp S i _g> e l ’ s Second Columri r* U L L L L och-Pr U U ii r i iic v v ucuaw — which'he m*.j.v** ^did ——-. -——< , ^ lxice manner, but so as to get on thei opposite side o f the g c Culloch- Price a r ^ f £oa---Lyon. This S ig e l d id ........... S ig e l then made the great mistake o f the b a t t l - . ” [_andj attack on the ten t where P rice and other leaders were nads the f i r s t surprise at b rea k fa stin g - drove them out. That was a l l to the good. But a fte r that, his WW camp -----r- - and thus were t o t a l l y unprepared fo r cien "*e ll to°plundering the secessio n ist swift- counter attack the Southerners made. Furthermore, S ig e l’ s men were so . thinking them to deceived by the uniforms worn by Louisiana detachments ; and re s u lt was the t o t a l fa ile d to attack u n til too la t e . k o r t ^ f ^ i g e l ’ ’s "Second Column", and h is shameful r e tr e a t, minus his troops, to S p r in g fie ld b efo re the b a t tle was feardly.begun. ^ ^ h _ * The troops under Lyon fought savagely from about 5:30 A.M .-^nPii U . : * ) The SouthernersI f ought .justcas savagely►. F ir s t, one side forged ahead only .o be pushed bSbk: In thl7M.dst o f the h eaviest fig h tin g , Gen. Lyon was k ille d , a.d the too coramand devolved upon Major S tu rg is. ,, , . h H i!h„ j phct,ri1!i To r?>e the s to rv short, by hbG htiae;'ofxtM 10th, both sides had had enough . ila io r S t i S s considered i t safe enough t o evacuate the f i e l d and lead the troops bac’-c to S o r io e fie ld . The southerners were badly hurt, ju s t as Gen. Lyon a in °e-ded they sh oild be - they wouldn't now fo llo w the Unionists to R o lla . But Lyon ;,as iea d L d S f b o d y in possession o f the Southerners - who generously Placed i t in popper c o ffin and s h o rtly d e liv e re d i t to o ffic ia l!; w ritte n in i^ a v in g ^ ^ h ^ ^ ie li^ ^ ^ b a tti^ ^ a n d ” i e a v i ^ ” his^troops^behind°^drew' the fie r y F c r ltic is E l Of c o s t of the m ilita r y unit le a d g b a l ? fR o n ii™

S ; eSeg“

Jr

b efore d a y lig h t next morning.

S ! ‘ oo ^ d l n ^

S rch .

S ig e l had to be shaken ,

° Ut 1 sb^ S ^ r o f o ^ s e r ^ h l i g ^ r c S n t S g e n t in fro n t. - I d l e r d is s a tis fa c tio n mounted h ou rly. . I t reached .he b o ilin g point the th ird day when o ig e l halted h is

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18, *67 column, thus h . lt in g a l l the others, while his German s o ld ie rs sought and k ille d b e e f fo r th e ir b reak fast, and took u n t il noon to end the meal and resume the march.

During th is time .a ll the other groups had to subsist on meagre ration s, and stand about in the mud and co ld . Both men and th e ir o ffic e r s could no longer endure th is — and so c a lle d a council and deprived S ig e l o f top command, g iv in g i t to Major S tu rgis.

Sorry S p e c ta c le .- What a sorry and surprising spectacle th is was l S ig e l was so angered and soured th at, on a r r iv a l in R o lla , and fo r some time afterward, he sulked and e it h e r r e a lly became i l l , or feign ed sickness. For a time he went to S t.

Louis to smooth his r u ffle d fe a th e rs . The fu rth er wonders, i s , that in view o f the t e r r i f i c c r itic is m S i g e l 's brother o f fic e r s had o f f i c i a l l y le v e lle d at him, Gen. __ soon Samuel D C urtis, ^in planping h is Pea Ridge movement, gave S ig e l the plac ox second in jommand. Re wasfdeeply sorry or that, because Sigel repeated his lack p a t " — Pea o f cooperation and e ffe c tiv e n e s s fb y marching o f f to B en to n ville, there to almost Ridge was be surrounded by the C on federates.- cHe ^rescued only by the vigorous advane.. o f two^of Curtis* regim ents. Curtis fin ish e d the o f f i c i a l c ritic is m s o f S ig e l that the W ils o n 's Creek group had i n it ia t e d ..........But back in R o lla , the 13th 111. r e g i­ H mental h is to ria n had these things to say: August_10th: This was the dark, dark day at Wilson* s Creek, where, o f the Union troops, there were engaged and defeated the 6th and ICth Missouri Cavalry, o the F ir s t and Second Kansas Mo2uitede¥olunteers -- one company o f F ir s t U.S. Cavalry 43 The F ir s t Iowa - the F ir s t , Second, Third, and F ifth Missouri Volunteers — detach­ o ’ u ments o f F ir s t and Second U.S. Regular In fa n try - M issouri Heme Guards - F ir s t ,o M issouri Ligh t A r t i l l e r y - B attery F, Second U.S. A r t i l l e r y . ...T h e ca su a lties: >> 'b Union, 223 k ille d , 721 wounded, 291 m issin g.. . . . Confederate: 2o5 k ille d , 800 o wounded, 30 m issing. Union B rig . Gen. Nathaniel Lyon k ille d .

CQ August_JL5 C Five days a ft e r b a t t l e ) : " Advance stra g g lers o f S ig e l's (S t u r g is ') c army began t o a rr iv e at R o lla ." . . . On August 16th: "The somewhat depleted army o f o >> Gen S ig e l a rriv ed ( i t was in fa c t under Maj. S tu rg is) - and the r e a l heroes, in clu d in g our own 21 men o f the 13th, marched across our parade ground.- And now we had an opportunity, fo r the f i r s t time, o f w itnessing the steady march o f a b a t t le c 3 stained army." Wagons loaded w ith wounded so ld iers brought fo rth many te a rs .

Three—Menth Men Dism issed.- Most o f the men twho had been h u rrie d ly recru ited ct • in S t.

Louis by order o f Gen. Lyon had signed up fo r only three months. That period, cv fo r a m a jo rity o f them, had now expired - and they were e ith e r sent hack to St.Loui or - i f they chose - were r e -e n lis te d in rearranged Regiments, and fo r the duration.

The Harrison Lubmer Yards at A rlin gton are ra id e d .- The James Harrison fa m ily had esta b lish ed an important lumber yard at the junction o f the L i t t l e Piney and At th is time they had f i f t y or s ix ty thousand board § Gasconade r iv e r s , A rlin g to n .

M fe e t o f pine lumber in the yard, flo a te d down the Big Piney area above South Spring Creek. The Union army, needing such lumber fo r barracks and other bu ildin gs, \ f swooped down, and helped themselves to at le a s t $0,000 board f e e t . This event may have hastened the death o f Mrs. Harrison, who expired sometime in 1863.

Viith these few ( o f the great many) d e ta ils covered, we omit the res t and cover next, in a v e ry b r i e f way, the campaign Gen. J. CLFremont led in t o SouthwesM issouri FREMONT'S SOUTHWEST EXPEDITION. The B attle_ahd^m ^ehder_at_ Lexin gton .- As soon as b a t tle wounds had s u f f i c i a t l y healed, General P rice decided to attack the Union garrison at Lexington, cn the Missouri r iv e r / ______mjlgxza&sace/Jefferson C ity , 40 m iles (e a s t) below Kansas C ity / 40 m iles n o rth .100 west of/ 70 m iles above B o p n ville.

In. discu ssing the Lexington a f f a i r , M ccjujllocei sta tes / see war R liscussing McCulloch See War I ecord s,?.3, s e rie s 1. pa^es 743-749 / that he refused to jo in P ric e in marching on Lexington, as h is ammunition was exhausted, h is duty was to defend northern Arkansas, and he could n e ith e r advance toward R o lla or toward Lexington. •P rice had to go i t " alone.

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CH(O

O n . Lyon*s Remains Brought T o _R o lla .- (Reported Aug.31,1361,/ R x / fo llo w in g -Ton*7 death 7n_ A7ia7t 10 ) . " The remains o f Gen Lyon were brought to th is place on Sunday evening (Aug.28;, and were shipped to S t. Louis on the cars yesterday, hey were acconoanied by two wagon loads of wounded s o ld ie rs Drought to R o lla from W in g f ie ld . " . . . From St.Lou is, the remains were conveyed by frie n d s to ,ebster,uass. and thence overland in carriage to Ashford, Windham county Connecticut where they -••ere in te r r e d beside the graves o f his fa th e r and mother. £ Rx Aug 31,V.2 i mQ.1i wed/

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Thus informed, P rice led such fo rces as he could muster the 150 miles or so from S p rin g fie ld through B o liva r, t o Warrensburg, and then to Lexington. A moderate garrison there under Col. James A. Mulligan prepared fo r a fig h t . Kansas forces le d by Gen Jim Lane were supposed to strik e P ric e from the rear, but so fa r xrom . . . on and1 com pletely 1 _ •_n_i_______ 3 x .T_4------^^----* rTwo rhM small Union pounced burned the town of Osceola.

5 0 U U l 'l g , p U L U iU C U O i l CU1U tJ\ML ---------------------------------------------armies under Generals 3 .D.Sturgis and John Pope made forced marches from the north c e n tra l area o f the S tate to r e in fo r c e Mulli gan. Sturgis got there before Mulligan was forced to surrender ( on Sepo • 20 ) — Pope was yet a day* s march away. Sturgis turned uu r iv e r and marched to Kansas C ity . P rice, who had invested the place on S e p t.*10, won the b a ttle a ft e r his troops soaked bales o f hemp and r o lle d them ahead making incombustible, moving breastworks. Lane sneaked bacx in to Kansas, and P ric e was fr e e to return to S p rin gfield ? and ro jo in McCulloch again in the Boston mountains.

Fr£mont is _ C r iti£ iz e d - Takes_ F ie ld P e rso n a lly .- Ehe loss of Lexington and i t s garrison served to add to the heavy c r itic is m now le v e lle d a t Fremont.In St.Louis he had in e f f e c t snubbed Frank B la ir , J r ., and Major S ch ofield fo llo w in g W ilsoh 1s Creek, and B la ir now broke loose w ith severe c r itic is m of Fremont — and got him self arrested. as a r e s u lt . But Fremont perceived that he just_had_to do something. He .. th - erefore an3 massed such troops as he thought necessary, and, placing himself at th e ir head, Sedalia went to J efferson C ity f i r s t , and then on to Tipton, vend o f the parent P a c ific _ r a ilr o a d . But he . . .. lo it e r e d in J efferson C ity _to bu ild r i f l e p its and e a r t h e n ____ breastworks so long that Secretary o f War, l.vith a pocket order fo r Fremont's re— farmed} moval, went t o Tipton, and there warned Fremont o f fu rth er delay - but gave him a la s t chance.

Thus i t was that Fremont acted on a second version of Gen. Lyon 1o plan.

He would- march on S p rin g fie ld frcm Sedalia, while other troops from R o lla would jo in him. Accordihgly, he ordered the 13th I l l i n o i s Regiment, under Col.Wyman, to take w ith him two other small units - Major Bowen's "Kansas Rangers" and Major i-rv W rightf 5 !lFremont B a tta lion 11, and march w ith them from R o lla to V e r s a ille s , or some place* near there, where they would then jo in Fremont's columns and go on to S p r in g fie ld .

Col. Wyman Moves - Has_Skirmish at_Linn Creek.- Once b efore, from Sept. ____ to Oct-.- ,” i'/yman~s regiment had l e f t R o lla to cross the Gasconade at A rlin gton — but had returned. Now, on October 6th, he started fo r V e r s a ille s . Reaching an area some m iles short o f Linn Creek, his outposts under Majors Bowen and Wright were attacked by a form idable Southern fo r c e . I t was f i n a l l y beaten o f f, lo sin g 39 men k ille d , 29 wounded, and 51 taken prison er by the U nionists.

A surprise attack was next made on Linn Creek, where such secession ists as were there were dispersed. 'Wyman's troops f r e e l y appropriated the store goods there.

M is so u ri's future governor, Joseph W. McClurg, a strong Unionist, was h^ppy with the v ic t o r y . And a Unionist o f the 36th, turning one o f the s la in secession ists over to look in h is fa c e , exclaim ed," Why th is i s the fe llo w who peddled molasses pies in our Rolla camp. He was a spy a l l the time V Thirteenth Hegiment Joins Fremont's Army.- From Creek, a short march _ northwest brought Wyman's contingent in to contact w ith Fremont's army. The regiment f e l l in to lin e , and the whole army o f some -y- ° . men was presen tly in Spring f ie ld .* Rumor had i t that P rice and McCulloch had joined fo rc es , and were now aarchina- toward S p rin g fie ld - perhaps were n- t over twenty miles away. A P^ched b a ttle appeared to be imminent. But portentious events now shaped up and maue that b a ttle im possible. / ** see enumeration o f the 1 -2 -3-5-6th d iv is io n s , War Records, p.544,Vol.3 38,729 men. Add Wyman's fo rc e s .

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Fremont I s Deposed. Hunter Takes Command.- President Lincoln had become g re a tly angered by a number o f things Fremont had done without p re s id e n tia l au th ority. He had, fo r one thing, prematurely made an "emancipation proclamation" pertaining to M issou ri. Then he had made a very unwise agreement w ith Confederate Gen. Price that was not in keeping w ith good m ilit a r y strategy, nor Union p o lic y . Added was the c r it ic is m Fremont was g e ttin g because o f delayed f i e l d action . Fremont^ju st had to be deposed 1 The rep rie ve he had been given by Secretary Cameron a t Tipton had to be cancelled l Fremont, knowing he was on thin ic e , sent h is w ife , the former Jessie enton, to Washington to make a personal appeal to Lincoln to back Fremont* s plans. She jo t nothing but the p re sid e n t's cold shoulder. One w rite r g ives us th is account: Returning I S t.L o u is , Mrs. Fremont took the tra in to R o lla, stopped long enough fo r a c u d o f c-dffe e , then in a mule-drawn wagon went on to Lebanon. There the wagon o-oke down, and she made the r e s t o f the t r i p in a two-wheeled c a rt. She urged he husband to make an immediate attack on the secession ists, and whip them b efore L in coln ’ s d ism issa l order a rriv e d . ?/hether or not Mrs. Fremont so acted, Fremont prepared for immediate b a ttle as she was said to have urged.

On f e g ^ r p the hide o f f o f P ric e and McCulloch*/. . . . But i t was not -o be - fo r , despite f o n t 1s ’warning t o h is pickets not t o admit any sp e c ia l V T ®1"7 got through p ick et lin e s , and la id the order o f dismissal on the ta b le . The dxe„ had j There would be no b a ttle - Fremont would be replaced. was cast On October 24, President Lin coln Isen t an order to B rig. Gen. Samuel ; Curtis, but in case St# fo u ls .“ requ esting him t o d e liv e r a certa in order to Gen. Fremont „ battle°was*;one *or a victory had been won, or the Unionists were facing the South- j — S L y fo r baattle - and i f Fremont was f a d i n g in any o f _ t h o s e l x | i e n c i ^ | g then %e_order_or me|S|ge w as^ot io b| £iven quotet 3ns O l b X IU -Lila XCLx VUUV/UU _ J .. n o the following, or one of sim r Uconxerru j-uw ~ » Headouarters o f the Army, Washington, Oct. 24, 1861. ^G en eral ^ ^ ^ *D ’ fa ior General Fremont, o f the U.S.Army, the present commander o f ohe western Depart “ u the sane ^ x l l on r e c e ip t o is order, c a l l Major General D.Hunter o f uif th bmo sent o f tn<= same, «ix~, _ rommsnd. when he t v u j . ^----y the 0 .3 . Volunteers, to r e lie v e him ^ " f S t h e r order: General Fremont) w i l l rep ort to General Headquarter., by l e t t e r , lo r art. mj 4FIELD SCOTT msTiQi r i r » F ouv i a .••. E.D.Townsend, — , A sst. A d-jt. G<=n. « _* j Osman T. 2 1861 Fremont, in an order numbered 28, indicated compliance wi^.i rmy On wov. 2, loO-L, » i oi i v relinquished co.mand of both armi pen Order No. 18. and in i t o l i i c i a n y reixu-iuiaireu ,, . ove G-n. uraer wc. , , Fremont ollo/m % T re .o a , addressed the ifollowing —

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the Mississippi Army: Agreeably to orders th is day received, I Although our armv has been of sudden growth, we have grown up t_____ ^ n o rr.115 Rni r i t which you take leave o f. you. Aitnougn f , jJ uui CL1 vktl:Z T fail fai With the ,brave and generous s p ir it which y

; S ^ t S dd J f ^ « cr try, S ^ career. Coxitinue as ycu h « v oegun, ^ encouraged ne. Emulate the splendid and entnusiastic support w_tn >«u jr e a in as I a „ . . ; . oi v» *^rp before you* ana -Let, me re. din, > f ,. _

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«x th you in the foy' of every t r l ^ , _ by my companions in arms." (end quote;

( To US A d jt Gen., Washington).

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:'ene!nbered _ W£

25 Jan 21 ' 67

F r e m o n tS 2 jld ie r s _ L iv id ^ fith A n ^ e r S e n t _ t o Rolla, S^edalia, _Kansas•- when apprised o f -what had happened to th e ir con lander, Fremont >s so ld iers were l i v i d w ith anger. Several bands turned out to serenade the general - but the masses vehemently protested, and asked that the order be rescinded. That was impossible, however, fo r President Lincoln had shown h is mighty hand. Several d iv is io n a l o f f i ­ cers threw down t h e ir commissions — but Fremont persuaded them to stay on.

In an order or l e t t e r addressed to whoever night be the commanding neneral when the l e t t e r , dated October 24,1861, was received . Lincoln gave his reasons fo r the mass r e tr e a t o f the troops which now took place under Gen Hunter. Three d ivision s were sent to R o lla - 1st, 3rd, 4th. The remaining ones went in part to Sedalia, those under Gens. Lane and Sturgis to Kansas C ity . L in c o ln 's ideas were these: 1 . - The approach of w inter was no time fo r chasing P rice and McCulloch fa r nto Arkansas.2. The route n ec..ssarily to be taken had already been stripped o f such pro­ vis io n s and feed an army must have *3. The needed supplies, could not w e ll be sent a fa r, even though r a i l heads ended at Sedalia and Rol l a . 0Men couldn't l i v e without warm clo th in g and good food. Stock would have no fresh grass tp eat, and couldn't survive on water and the plenteous r o c k s 'o f southwest Missouri,* • Were the Southern armies to re —occupy the S p rin g fie ld a re a .|Union forces could quickly be forwarded Lin­ on ra ilro a d s t o R o lla and Sedalia, and then on to expel the secession ists from Mo. ( l e t I coln' s Besides SSf/ir r it a t io n over Fremont's behavior, th is was the basic idea behind the general troop rfetreat from S p rin g fie ld , which Gen. Hunter now ordered.

And so, w ith the Fremont expedition thus quashed, and the three d ivision s marching back to R o lla - F ir s t D ivision under Wy®ah, Third under S ig e l, and 4th under Asboth, we loca te the camps which vhese d iv is io n s occupied around R o lla the w in ter o f 1861-62. We sh a ll then turn to other troops that a lso camped in R o lla .

WinterJieadquarters_ of_Three_Arm£ Divisions.- The F irs t D iv is io n , under command o f Col. (A ctin g B rig.G en.) John B. Wyman, occupied the long, narrow rid g e over the F air Grbuild H i l l west o f R o lla, over which Highway 66 (In te rs ta te 1-44) runs as th is sto ry i s w ritte n . The regiment ca lled th is "Camp L a fa y e tte ". (In N§ o f SW£ Sec 10) The Third D ivision , w ith S ig e l in command, occupied the v a lle y and h ills id e slopes in the Ng o f S^ o f Sec. 9 (T .3 7 -8 ), and had a general c o rra l fo r horses and mules on down the v a lle y to and beyond the west lin e o f Sec. 9* S ig e l's o f fic e was in the old lo g house home o f H. A.Gaddy ( la t e r nwnqd by Walter Lavine, and as th is s to ry is w ritte n , by the M ila Watts e s t a t e )./ the so ld iers dug a w e ll 40 f e e t f here \ deep, 3 fe e t diameter, and lin ed i t with rubble stone.

The Fourth D ivision , commanded by Brig.Gen. Alexander S. Asboth, arranged his camp ( c a lle d Camp H alleck) in the v a lle y and on the h ills id e slopes surrounding the School o f Mines experimental mine ( o f 1967), mostly in the NWj o f Sec. 15 (T .3 7 -8 ). Asboth, in S t.Lou is, had been an upper o f f i c e r in Fremont's s t a ff. He was a Hungarian, and a veteran s o ld ie r, stern, reserved, capable.

L e t 's leave these troops here while we b rin g'{and loca te other troops that win— tered in R o lla from December u n til February o f 1862.

"IH j THE 36th_ILLIN0I5 VOLUNTEER EGD£ENT_AREIVES.- This i s a regiment of sp ecia l in te re s t in R o lla 's h is to ry . For the g rea ter part, i t was recru ited in the "Udina" area sane 6 m iles west o f Elgin, 111. ' I t included the famed "P la to Cavalry" led

by Capt. Mc ueen who, in 1864, played a distinguished part in Sherman s march to the sea. I t included a lso f i v e r e la tiv e s o f the present w r ite r - his uncles,Henry and Eugene Mann, h is great uncle Leonard Mann, his maternal grandfather James Shed,en, and James' brother—in —law, Lloyd Lathrop. I t included a lso that axert sharp­ shooter, Peter Pelican ( o f Co. B ,In fa n try) who in the B a ttle o f Pea Ridge soon to be sketched, shot Confederate Gen. Ben McCulloch.

The 36th regim ental c ommander was Col. Nicholas Greusel, a Bavarian Ger .an As he took co.nmand o f the regiment, he was 44 years old. With parents, he had Ich . come to America from Germany in 1834, and in 1835 with parents was in D etroit,LI

yjggfr 2nd Ed Jan 21,1 67 On maturing, he took a hand in tra in in g various m ilita r y companies around D etroit, and led Co. D o f 1st Michigan Volunteers in the Mexican War. Returning to D etroit, he served time as a c it y councilman, then was superintendent of D etroit c it y railroa d out u ., B. p o sition as engineer fo r water works. He then took uj ■with him. He was a capable o f Chicago I and th a t's where the i i v i l War ca o f f i c e r as w e ll as engineer.

From Elgin, the regiment moved to Camp Hammond, th e ir d r i l l ground,on south fr in g e o f Aurora. Here, on Aug. 22,1861, the regiment was o f f i c i a l l y sworn in fo r a three year period. Because most o f the men were non-us^rs o f liq u o r, the regiment came to be ca lled the “ Temperance Regiment". I t s f i n a l screening came on Sept. 12, ( w hile the Price-M u lligan fig h t was on at Lexington), when a l l deemed u n fit fo r service were dismissed. Not so the splendid m ilita r y brass band i That would get "on permanent leave orders" la te r , at R o lla . As then organized, the regiment consisted o f ten in fa n try companies le tte r e d from A to K ( with "J" om itted), plus two s p e c ia l ca va lry companies — "A" ( 96 men and o f fic e r s ) and "B" (92 men and o f f i ­ c e r s .) The in fa n try group consisted o f the usual 1,000 men and o ffic e r s .

On Sept. 24th, 1861, th is THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT, marching behind i t s magnificent brass band, took the Burlington train s in Aurora going to "uincy, 111. There they a rrived the 25th — ju st as Col. M u lligan 's defeated fo rces, approximately 1,000 men, were en terin g town. The next day the regiment boarded the M ississip p i steamer Warsaw, and dropped down to S t. Louis and the U.S.Arsenal, where they were handed guns they considered g r e a tly in f e r io r .

The 3 6 th _J llin o is Goes_To R o lla .- The 13th I l l i n o i s was about to leave R olla to jo in Fremont's as we have udescribed it rfcH iO IlU * £> expedition b J_ O il against U Osouthwest U U W i'OC O U M issouri, JLJ v ab ove. A. capable I’erimgnt. was, required to take i t s place at R olla, so the 36th boarded a v a r ie ty of cars on the old Southwest Branch I l l i n o i s was was chosen./tiie^men I box cars, lumber cars and what not — and pulled out fo r R olla — a l l but the two ca va lry companies A and B - which h;;d to remain at Benton Barracks, fo r lack of room on the tra in .

Like men o f'th e 13th I l l i n o i s , these o f the 36th did not chink too much of the people they saw a ln g g s i^ -tljig ra U rg gd . i ^ f e mjB iH B e^e farms 1° lle d in . the s^ de “ l e t the slaves do tfil hard work’./ Theom en in Jshabby dress, and pipes in mouth, did not appeal g r e a tly . Theysoldiers believed th is to be a high ly ignorant,godless area, fo r they saw n eith er schools nor churches between S t. Louis and R o lla . But l e t the regim ental h is to ria n continue: A r r iv a l in R o lla. Sept. 29th. "F in a lly , a ft e r su rviving the p e r ils o f rid in g on a r a i l , and a ft e r being jo lt e d and pounded in the c lo s e ly packed box cars - u n til every jo in t from tow to crown was as " s t i f f as a poker" and sore as an aching tooth ,«—Tarnwe reached R o lla sh o rtly after_ noon_of Sejct^ 29th. / V/e proceeded to the recen tly----- —1: vacated camp o f the” l3th I l l i n o i s , and pitched our tents and were at home again. I t required but a short time to understand that the picnic days o f Camp Htinmond, at Aurora, were over — and that playing s o ld ie r was played out — and that we w>-re now to face genuine hard work.^ Col. Wyman : o l . . the 13th I l l i n o i s had been the Post Commandant, but for. a week.or so had taken the regiment fo r a p ractice march down to A rlin gton and across the Gasconade.

From Sept. 29th until Wyman returned, bub fo r only a few days, Col* Greusei was R o lla Post Commandant.

One o f Col. Greusei1s f i r s t orders was^fdrra small detachment to scour Bh&latovrn, and sieze every gallon o f liq u o r that could be found, an : dump i t in to the g u tters. The regim ental h istoria n pictured ty p ic a l area re s id e n ts ,e s p e c ia lly those from the countryside and those who had d r ifte d in to town to prevent capture by guer­ i l l a bands, as being so soaked with whisky that - were one o f them to be picked up and tw isted a b it - the liq u o r would d rip out.

The h is to ria n *says that the town population at th is time w .s la r g e ly made uo o f "apple women, mustang ponies, mules, contraband negroes, fu g itiv e s from the

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ou tskirts o f c iv iliz a t io n ( south and southwest Missouri ), with now and then a secessio n ist " not smart enough to run away — too worthless to be hung."

The town seemed f u l l o f these men who had been chased out of South Missouri, who had fle d to R o lla rather than to be impressed in to g u e r illa bands or Southern army u n its. Future M issouri governor, John S. Phelps, came to R o lla and mustered many such men in to h is own Missouri reijiment. These men were, usually, d ir ty , without shoes, dressed in ragged clo th in g. They had been hunted lik e w ild animals, and even with blood hounds — and so were glad to jo in Union ranks ana be taken care o f.

A look_At C i v i l War S treets In _R ollaJL- The h istoria n goes on: '‘ Previous to occupation o f the town and establishment of a m ilita r y post in R o lla, tree, and brushwood covered the slopes, cumbered the stree ts ( more properly ca lled b rid le paths)" . . . . I n time, the oak groves o f the Salem Avenue road were cleared o f f, and an o rd e rly campsite la id o f f - w ith i t s own rectangular street system and it s own s tre e t names - " Sycamore_Avenue_" being one o f them.

Camp ' 'orms_Get~A_Funera 1 .- Men of the 36th I l l i n o i s were lib e r a l patrons o f "skinny old women, who flocked in from the country to s e l l lea th er—apron p ie s , lamps o f black ginger bread or molasses cake ( a mixture o f flo u r , bacon grease and sorghum molasses)^ Even so, some of these country viands seemed preferable to the hardtack shipped in fo r the so ld iers by the army commissary - fo r much o f i t was in fe s te d . One b a r r e lfu l was so badly worm—inhabited that the sold iers commandeered the regim ental band, had a solemn funeral ceremony, and buried the b a rre l, worms and a l l , " The Two I l l i n o i s Regiments_Frat_erniZ£. - Col. Wyman*s 13th I l l i n o i s had, b efore f i n a l l y marching to jo in Fremont’ s army, the la s t week or two of September, made 2l t r i a l regim ental march to and across the Gasconade r iv e r beyond A rlin gton . .<*nd so i t was gone when the 36th arrived on Sept. 29th. But now, as i t r e turned ju st b efore i t s f i n a l departure to Join Fremont on Oct. 6th, i t l l camped close to. i t s old headquarters, now occupied by the 36th. Col. Wyman often v is it e d the 36th, and on severa l occasions conducted i t s dress rehearsals.

The 36th Surprised at Relfe.- Very soon a ft e r the 36th a rriv ed in R o lla , a detachment of 25 men rode out to the Bradford settlement at * e l f e , where the men encamped fo r the night without posting a sentry. They were a l l asleep when Col. Thomas Freeman and his g u e r illa band, making a night raid, compleuely sur­ prised the Unionists - who qu ickly mounted th e ir horses and rode away - a l l but two. One had his thumb shot o f f , but managed to reach his horse and follow the other 23. The 25th man was captured. It. was about th is time when the two cavalry companies l e f t in S t. Louis arrived in R o lla .

Those Other Troo£s_Left In R o lla .- By October 10th, 1361, " a l l troops(except the 36th I l l i n o i s , the 4th Iowa "(under Col. G ren v ille U. Dodge), and Col. John S. Phelps* M issouriains 4el f t R o lla, and marched to the southwest to jo in Gen. § )h Fremont in his movement from Sedalia upon S p r in g fie ld ." . . . Col Dodge, being now the senior R o lla o f fic e r , assumed the o f f i c e of Post Commandant in place o f _ C ols. Wyman and Greusel. Being a capable engineer, Col. Dodge set about making R o lla as secure against attack as a va ila b le resources enabled hua to do that.

Fort Wyman, l e f t h a lf completed b y ’Wyman’ s regiment, was now h o r n e d .to completion, togeth er w ith the tv;o block houses in ■southeast and northwest corneto.

The Greusel-36th Regiment Trip_To Houston.- H ostile ban s led by former C ircu it Judge J How GeHeFal) James McBride and Col. T.P-.Fr eeman were ravaging south M issouri, p a r tic u la r ly in Texas county. Taking some £00 men with him - the two 36th 111. ca va lry companies A and B, companies B and E o f in fa n try , and 200 men frrni the Ath Iowa In fa n try, Col. Greusel marched to Houston, where he scoured the and took^secessionist prisoners. He »arned the re s t that, should they haul dam the fe d e r a l f l a g he hoisted at the Court House, he would return and completely burn the town.

WAITING OUT A WINTER AT ROLLA.- ( S e e next page).

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•3- OUT A ./INTER AT ROLLA.—What kind or a viinfcer was i t — Doc. 1361 to Fee What was K olia lik e ?? r aicts gj_eaned from present w rite r s ' ta lk w ith Uncle Henry Mann, and accounts gathered from, regim ental h is to rie s , a ll agree that the winter was cold and unpleasant. There were heavy snowfalls - d r i f t s two and three fe e t deep. The snow would melt, and the ground surface be covered with p la s t e r - lik e mud ankle deep. Then fre e z in g rains would come, and cavalrymen, on scouting t r ip s away from town, would have to sleep on frozen ground, without tents, and with th e ir saddles fo r p illo w s. Their horses turned t a i l s to the storm and weathered i t as bast they could.

Three Prominent V is it or s_C ome Tojjamjc.- One was the celebrated Englishman, Anthony T rollop e, who had a penchant fo r studying and. w ritin g about North Ameri­ ca. He wanted to see R o ila, learn why the Fremont expedition fa ile d , and what prospects .ere fo r renewal o f fig h tin g from R o ila post. So he rode the old South­ west Branch cars from S t. Louis to R o ila, got o f f and hunted up the Provost Marshal's o f f i c e . From there, an o f fic e r escorted him and his companion to the nearest a v a ila b le h o tel, a m ile and a h a lf away. A heavy snow storm had been blown up by a s t i f f wind. D r ift s were two fe e t deep. I t was d i f f i c u l t to face the storm.

A foot, they trudged that m ile and a h a lf, laden w ith much excess baggage - boxes, satch els, and other parapharnalia. A l l at once, Mr. Trollope stumbled and f e l l h e a d firs t in to a deep snowbank - sca tterin g his belongings to the winds. They f i n a l l y reached the h o te l - but Mr. Trollope had had a very cool reception l The Se£ond_Visitor_Cones. - This one was Charles Clark C offin , a foremost Union c i v i l war re p o rte r. He, also, wanted to know the why o f Fremont's dism issal from Fremont's own troops. Wanted to know, also, what prospect there might he fo r war to be resumed from the R o ila post. From S t. Louis to R o ila, he had seen but two churches and no schools - decided that Missouri fo lk s w eren't h ig h ly educated or r e lig io u s . At P a c ific , two fr e ig h t train s h ea vily loaded were heading fo r R o ila .

I t was dark when Mr. C o ffin debarked at R oila - only to step inkle deep in mud that squshed and stuck lik e lime p la s te r. He headed fo r the h o te l - meanwhile had a good look at the r e fle c t io n o f the Union army camp fir e s against the low hangin clouds. From r ig h t and l e f t came drum beats and signals from bugles.

He was ushered in to the wash room - a tin pan on a bench, a t in dipper, a p a il f u l l o f w ater. frozen on top, and a d ir t y tow el. The c e ilin g of the room was the high arched heaven above. . . As best he could, he washed, strode in to the dining room. There was the comely, colored maid Dinah - t a l l , co a l black, worth $1,000 i f she were to be sold. Dinah's aid, P h y llis , a mixture o f Ang o-Saxon and A frica n blood, served the meal.

To Mr. C o ffin , the outlook was discouraging. There appeared to be no plan f o r any immediate o ffe n s iv e from R o ila . The word was "Not ready y e t ", president Lincoln had said "No l" to any winter campaign in southwest Missouri - so Mr. C offin departed fo r more a c tiv e fie ld s - around Forts Henry and Donelson, in Kentucky. But had he only known, Gen Curtis would ^inside o f a mlcnth^march to southwest Missouri and badly d efeat the Secession army at the B attle o f ea Ridge.

The Third V is it o r . - Frank L e s lie 's Illu s tr a te d Newspaper, as o f Feb.1,1862, ca rried the to ry by "an r a r t is t who was on Gen H a lleck 's s t a f f in S t.Lou is.

Both Gen Halleck, some o f his top o ffic e r s , end Gov. Gamble had v is ite d R o ila about th is tim e. Frank L e s lie 's a r t is t l e f t fo r us most in te re s tin g views of old Fort Wyman and the three army camps o f S ig e l, Wyman, and Asboth, about which we have ju st w ritte n . We quote the text appearing beside the two pictu res: " The N ational Encampment Near R oila, Mo.- The c it y of R o ila has been famous since the death o f the h eroic Lyon, when the scattered fo rc es o f that gloriou s but disastrou s day, under the guidance o f Gen S ig e l, m^de th is th e ir f i r s t secure rest­ in g place. Our illu s tr a tio n s on th is page are p a rtic u la r ly in te re s tin g , as they take in th is la s t encappment o f the N ational army, showing the positions o f the c h ie f d iv is io n s o f Gens/Asboth, S ig e l, and Wyman - names already celebrated in our paper.

R o ila i s on the d ir e c t route o f the ra ilro a d from St.Lou is to S p rin g fie ld , being

2nd Ed Jan 23,'67

- 29 -

about mid-way between those c it ie s . I t i s about 6o m iles from p ilo t Knob, and 50 m iles fro;.: J efferson C ity. I t s p o sition on the ra ilro a d had given it. a great start in prosperity, which the present r e b e llio n had e n tir e ly crushed, ( i . e . , that p rosp erity of R o lla ). The c itiz e n s ox the once th riv in g city o f Rolla w i l l curse the day when they were led to fo llo w the Secession fla g . . . . Our a r t is t says; "The high, r o llin g country around Rolla is admirably adapted for a camping ground. Fine streams of clear water in te rs e c t i t in a l l d ire c tio n s .

The ground i s g r a v e lly and dry, and all the h i l l s are covered with oak timber.

The camping grounds are a l l g en tly sloping, fa cin g the south, and are well protected from the cold north Snd northwest winds by the high rid ges on the north. BiAfc the men in those w e ll chosen camps are not contented. They e n lis te d to fig h t ~ not to su ffer a l l the hardships o f war”wIthout~tasting“any o f i t s glo ry , or try in g to carry out th eir design. The attempt now making, to wrap them up in red tape, and make machines out of them, accord­ ing to the regular m ilita r y notions handed down from Europe, w i l l f a i l . A l l those^ men want i s a leader in whom they have confidence, and who has s p ir it and en terrp rise enough to use th is - the best and most e f fe c t iv e "ir r e g u la r " army the world has ever seen. In them the Government w i l l fin d them so ld iers and p a trio ts . But they object to being kept ly in g in camp and decimated by measles, typhoid fe v e r, ^nd in a c t iv it y " ( end A r t is t 's voice') The ed ito r gives a very deep "Amen l" on beh alf o f the e n tire nation. (End whole q u ote). /_______ Frank L e s lie 's liustrai-d Newspaper.

Feb 1.1862. Page 166./ of Rolla, beyond Buehler S old iers Try To Keep Warm In Ten ts.- Encamped out Park, the boys in d iv is io n s of S ig e l, Wyman, and Asboth sought to keep warm in th en d im in u tiv e ten ts by heaping stone w alls and embankments oi d ir t around the base ox th e ir ten ts. Some o f these stone w alls are yet v is ib le , 100 years a ft e r they were la id l ...I n s id e the ten ts, they b u ilt f i r e s in p its , and drew the smoke outside thn shallow ditches in side the tent, covered, and ending in empty xlour b a rre l chim­ neys that sucked the smoke out. For water, S ig e l's and Wyman s camps were nore^ favored than Asboth's - fo r good drinking water a plen ty came from Martin s Spring and the Slawson spring, at the head of the old Army C orral next to ;he west lin e o f Sec. 10. Asboth’ s men could come here a lso ; but near them was a small r iv u le t and t o he,.p out they dug c is te r n - lik e w e lls that f i l l e d wixh the cle a r water, or clean rainwater. Asboth* s w ells are s t i l l there, in 1967* Condition Of Roads Leading_Out_From R o lla .- With mud everywhere, i t was no wonder that the eight principal roads out of Rolla - together with the network of lo cal roads joining camp to camp and camp to town^were w ell nigh i m pa^sibl^ A ll countv road fo rc es had forsaken th eir road maintenance du ties, ** ________________ - - -■■ II ■ 7 ?.ru m iT! *1 r» T- I 'Whatever maintenance was to be The eight roads were v ita lly Important to m ilit a r y operations. They included the roads out o f R o lla to Lane's P ra irie Vienna - S p rin g fie ld - Jefferson C ity - Salem ( 2 roads) - Houston r ia r tv ille - an S t. Louis. A l l were p le n t ifu lly supplied with ruts and mud.

Condition o f R o lla Town S t r e e t s .- Already we have said that R o lla 's streets were better""named. "Bridle paths" than s tre e ts . There were no curbs, no d i t c h e s ^ serving as gu tters, no sidewalks, and but few c u lv e rts . No pacing, not g.

• The^ newspaper said that a suspension fo otb rid ge had been placed over the deep r a i l ­ road cut at 4th and Main stre e t ( "W olfe's Avenue" ) - but that an a d d ition a l and much n eded improvement was the grubbing out o, the black jack stumps on Broadway Avenuk, as the e d ito r jo c u la r ly ca lled Main s tr e e t. But tarn government had disbanded - whatever was to be done was an army job .

A c t iv it ie s o f the R olla Ga rr i s o n I n t e r 1361-62.- A statement often made i s that C i v i l 4a? S ? i t e 7 head|uXrte?3-»a 3 -a t th~ old B.V,'.Bishop railroad o ffic e or horse.

We '•hink th is i s in e rr o r . Instead, such headquarters, the f i r s t year o f the sar, “hS a Southnes? Branch railroad engineers' o f f i c e builUing two storys high located where in 1867 the Kerrrnn Lumber yard e x is ts . On the ra ilro a d depot station t r a c t next east o f c i t y block 57, ju st south o f 3th s tr e e t.

The la t e r f.iiW post

2n Ec Jan 23,'67

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commandant's o f fic e was on the block bounded by 6th and 7th, Sedan and walnut st r eets where there s t i l l e x is t two of the c is te r n -lik e -wells-' used oy the commandant* s o f f i c e . Several such "c is te r n w e lls " s t i l l e x is t in downtown Ro^.la.

They w“ re p a r tly f i l l e d by rain water - the res t by water hauled in on springs Z T c l e l t s . T h e y could - i l l have been the source of typhoid fe v e r in fe c tio n .

The T a ll Post F la g p o le .- N ea r'th is down-town Railroad Engineer O ffic e was a Union ? la ^ pole - la id to have been 150 fe e t t a l l , to one occasion, the rope to the ton parted, and the f la g cou ldn't be raised . Ardent Unionists Protested u n .il the commandant c a lle d fo r volunteers to climb tne pole and rep .

P • one volunteered u n t il an old man stepped out and said he Using p gressi'/e staging, he made i t to the top in two or three hours 8 5 3 - an. tne n a g 1861*. *“

an n ^ t ^ _ B u i l iin Ss_A re_B u ilU - U n til Gen. C u n t i ^ r r i v e ^ i n W

the handling of co a u ssa ry in R o lls ” ^ buildings to contain the tons o f ha}

F ^^er ^

and w ith them

d e lu s io n s was

b S t i or= sp ec ia l 1handling o f gra’ i n . ^ ^ ^ ^ ®

to o tto

b ^ ld in g ^ a s ^ o n -

S I T s o ^ S e \ r t h e ° h o S S o S d is tr ic t 1 log nouse 16x16 fe e t down along s tre e t som ewhere^e^ 3rd street rs_ Other bu ildin gs were p it up to house the between 5th Cne such b u ild in g was placeu on t elementary School. This, a ft e r troops l e f t , and 6th s tre e t - site «£ ^ S l ^ r e ^ hleld ,Jly of Rolla'a earliest became known as nBxshop s Theatre t cuiu xii j-v, ^ shows and entertainments* ^ f tj • x. irio Bflr’^ r k s - This resiment vias Col* G.M..Bodge s The Fourth_xowa Refinent BuiM s__ _ Nov# 9 1861, the regiment own jreginent 7 War Records^Vol 3 • oak"lops fo r regim ental barracks. The had 146 men engaged in cutoing ant vT | t Ari i n gton, and took over some 50,000 men v,ent to the James Harrison f h/ b r a c k s .

They extended, S B boan>. fe e t o f sawed boards and m stree ts in a half-moon curve

• E 2£

n a j.- a r - -

this row of b u ild in gs.

Business_Hous^e£,_cakeries.- w R o lla , there was at least some roam: had a post bakery somewhere near ^ ™ of 6,000 loaves of bread.

)

Djc

3“ a i ° horse feed . No room, either, =_nd amEmnitioa. The Government, u n til n » ,

5HIy| S d ussd'lthe g e n e r ll'c o L ls s io n stores

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^ M d around „ nnd ’r-t of private business. The army st ree t which had a d a ily capacity . £ * * * J S l W t e bakery -to the v a lle y - at 8th h3 offered fresh bread,

’l a in ^ a n d *Ar-dre^Slcolm 'and others had stores on »

ana uniforms, boots an^ Over ut 4th and Uain, pn t Henry Webster and Dr.

S

^

" Uni0n 3 t ° reU* 01036 by’ St° Cked Cl° g first flo o r o f the old Masonic Lodge bu ildin g, - p ” , .to r e where Ton Harrison had form erly t " west o f S i n , J.O.Clark

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-

2nd Ed 10 FM Jan 23,'67

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le g a l notices, merchants' ads

Army_Musiciari3_And_Bands_Sup£l2 Town_and_Cam2 Entertainment.- Both of the I l l i ­ nois regiments - 13th and 36th - had good brass bands. That of the 36th was ex cep ti­ onal. Both played fo r the entertainment of the s o ld ie r boys - but when weather permitted, .townspeople a lso gathered and enjoyed these concerts. In appreciation, the so ld ie rs of the 13th bought and paid for a new set of horns fo r th eir band.

They were said to be very b e a u tifu l instruments......... Then there were songs. The 13th had se ve ra l outstanding musicians. ( t ?hs o f fic e r second in command,expertly played the flu t e . A t r i o e x p e rtly handled fid d le , gu itar, and c la rin e t. A four­ p61~ ] Gorgas some male quartet consisting of L t. JG Everest, Frank Brown, CV Anderson, and the provost marshal., L t. Isa iah W illiam s, handled barber shop music superbly. Such music did much to cheer the wearisome drudge of camp l i f e - and incessant d r i l l .

Wagon and Blacksenth_Shops. - Heavy wagon t r a f f i c cut o f R o lla to south and southwest created an,urgent;; need fo r wagon re p a ir. Blacksmith shops were needed fo r such work - and a lso to care fo r placing horseshoes on the hundreds of mules and horses around camp. These shops were mainly located down along Rolla stree t from 10th south to 6th. A fter the wqr closed, these shops j as some of the u sefu l r e remnants o f army occupation, and in the latterv6Q* s and a l l the 1870* s blossomed mained 'P in to the w id ely known and patronized wagon establishments of MGerrish V/agons" and ® Strobach*s "S ta r o f the West" lin e .

Coamimication With_0utside_World. - Besides the many sp ecia l army messengers on horseback, contact w ith the outside world was e f f e c t iv e l y maintained by a t e le ­ graph lin e b u ilt from S t. Louis to R o lla, in service as e a rly as August 31,1861. / Rx Sat Aug 31,1861 p .2 . c o l . l / . U.S. m ail service from S t. Louis to R o lla was by d a ily tr a in . There were d ivers m ail routes out from Jefferson C ity - one special to L i t t l e Piney through St.Thomas, Vienna, and C liffcy Dale - once a weak. Another to R o lla from J e f f C ity v ia Vienna, 3 times a week. For a month or more the U.S. Post o f fic e advertised fo r bids fo r carrying m ail on these routes /Rx from Jan 1, 1862. fo r severa l weeks / THE ROLLA EXPRESS.- This pap.vr, edited and published by Charles P.Walker, .was f i r s t started at Vienna, in Maries county, e a rly in I860. Then, on July 30, I860, he moved the paper to R o lla — continuing also at Vienna as the Central , .

Missourian. The routine paper had 4 pages in the form of a tab loid , each page 12x18 inches, carryin g 5 columns. Besides news o f lo c a l happenongs, Walker ca rried a very lib e r a l account o f n ation al events - a l l the p rin c ip a l p resid en tia l I and sta te convention proclamations — a l l the p rin c ip a l campaigns and b a ttle s ,

was that o f Dec..27,186.1, which was in the routine 12x18 page s iz e .

Walker was warmly "Northern" in views, and fo r two weeks had his o ffic e pad-

and raid s took Henry Lick in as partner. But the paper could not be made to pay in d o lla rs * So in anuary o f 1863 he gave notide that i t must quit business. I t lin gered on u n t il the issue o f May 9,1863 (V o l.3 , No. 28), which i s the la s t we have seen u n til the post-war issue of July 31,1865 — which i s labeled V ol.5, No. 30* This makes i t appear that th is V ol.5 had begin with the new year, January, I 865. V ol 4 was ev id e n tly printed, in part at le a s t — perhaps dating from Jan 1,1864 to Dec 13o4» This i s our educated guess — we haven* t yet the concrete proof# Much o f the m aterial on which we base th is sto ry o f R olla in C iv il War days i s contained in Walker1s nH olla Exjsre^s•M

I . O O 4: 3^ AM Jan 24'67

While Trooos_Rest, JDetachments_Kake Numerous Raids.- While brass bands played a and male quartets sang in the s o ld ie r camps o f R olla from November, *61 to February, ! 62, small troop detachments played the opposite kind of game. They rode horseback in every d ire c tio n from Rolla, but p rin c ip a lly south, southeast and southwest, combatting g u e r illa forces under C ols. Freeman, Schnable, and Coleman, who as often as they could, joined the notorious B i l l Wilson in raid in g and burning fe d e ra l supply wagons headed fo r Union troops in south and southwest. Of the many such fo rra y s or in ciden ts, we r la te only a few: The Raid_on Ro_bidoux Creek.-- A small squad led by Capt. Hackney and Sgts Aylesworth and Adams proceeded from R o lla to Roubidoux Creek in Pulaski county, where in a s p ir ite d fig h t th -yef l l in with 18 secessionists, k ille 17 prison ers.

The Tcm Lenox Raid_on Maramec_.- Mr. Jim Grieg personally saw th is inciden t, person ally re la te d i t to present w riters. Young Tom Lenox, son o f John who w ith brother W illiam had helped la y out c it y streets in Jefferson C ity, appeared a t the Greig home, demanding the fam ily gun. The fa th er had been forced to work on F ort Wyman, R o lla . The gun refused, young Tom robbed Mr, Conway b e l l o f his p is to l, proceeded to Maramec Iren Works and robbed the store of provisions, arms and c lo ­ th in g. A l i s t o f the a r t ic le s stolen is s t i l l on f i l e in Phelps County Court House, Curcuit C lerk 's o f f i c e .

Escaping w ith his booty, young Tom and several companions were discovered by a Union detachment sent out to get him - and in the running b a ttle on horseback that follow ed ,th ree .of.:Tom'scompanions were k ille d . Tom and another companion forced th e ir horses to jump o f f a steep c l i f f , and escaped. The three boys k ille d were wrapped in q u ilts , hauled in a two -wheel cart to a b u ria l spot, and there in terred - d l by the neighborhood women - because the men would have been'shot had they done th is . The b u ria l spot i s now the Adams Cemetery, in N. Maramec Township.

The 3owen-Freeman fight_ 3,t_Sal£m.- Around Dec.3d 11861, Col. Tcm Freeman and h is g u e r illa band were lurking in the area south o f Salem, in Dent county*threat­ ening that town. Maj. _ .

Bowen with a small detachment of Kansas Rangers was sent out to d rive Freeman away. Their troops clashed in a sharp e a rly Qormng fig h t on Tuesday, Dec. 3> 1361. Of Bowen’ s troop, four were k ille d , ten wounded.

Subsequently, as Freeman was chased around in south Missouri, he was taken prisoner by a d e t a il o f the 2.3th 111# regiment on Feb# 17* 1362, and sent to St# Louis v/xth exchanged and form ally joined the other prison ers. St i 2i la t e r s he was released in _ - the -- great• ra id o^f Septemberi to return to Missouri w ith Price in Confederate army, i f\L °°t°°MarameCWorkmen U ne U£ And Take_Oath.- By request o f the Maramec Iron Works management, Provost Marshal Isaiah Bowen and drum major Me^rett Perry went to Maramec and administered the oath of a lleg ia n ce to some 100 workmen. The oath taken, the men gave a lu s ty cheer fo r the Union. An afternoon tea was served the Marshal, and at night he and Perry occupied the p riva te bedroom of Miss L u lie James. Being curious Perry opened the c lo set and examined Mias .James' wearing apparel - then donned skirts and put on a dancing show. He pretended to e n c irc le some young lady, danced -a b i t then escorted her to a seat - and took a second - ana a tn ird and so on each time saying he had had the best dance o f the evening with her. ine Provost M a r s h a l l oubled up w ith laughter,\ in his bed*! . .

Bushwhackers.Wild B i l l 7/ilson was the peer o f unattached The cm erilla'bands and in d ivid u a ls who committed outrages in the area south o f R olla L o n g l i t t l e Piney and Corn Creek, and elsewhere. Bill's sto ry is to ld in d e t a il in C lin t A rth u r's l i t t l e book, "The Bushwhacker", so we omit d e t a il here, b i l l la id in ameush and k ille d numbers of Union so ld ie rs sent out to g et him - as w e ll as numbers o f c iv ilia n s who liv e d in that area. He was f i n a l l y driven away. - No one whether he was k ille d or ju st went away. The r o le o f the bushwhacl^erwas to spy, lea rn o f contemplated troop or scout movements, w ait passage of such troop* in ambush, and shoot to k i l l then escape. ^

hurS hated ^ i ^ b o r s , burned th e ir

2nd Jid. Jan. 24, 1967.

6*00 a.m. ( I )

- 33 -

houses and fu rn itu re - l e f t wives and children out in the cold, homeless. The Henry Beddoe fa m ily was so treated . He was the o f f i c i a l shoemaker fo r the Union forces station ed a t R o lla. The so ld iers helped him to rescue and care for his fa m ily.

-ormer Circuit_Clerk_Francis_Marion Lenox Is_Captured.- v.-e have learned the a c t iv it y and fa te o f two members o f the second Phelps County Court - Presiding Judge Lewis F. Wright, who remained neutral, but came in to town; and Assoc. Judge John Hutcheson, f a it h f u lly lo y a l to the Union; and Assoc. Judge Thomas R. Freeman, g u e r illa leader, now under a rre s t.

Now, in December o f 1861, a detachment o f Capt. S. N. Wood's cavalry captured former C irc u it Court and County Clerk, Francis M. Lenox. He had been a ivlajoj. in Gen. James McBride's regiment - 1st B attalion, 7th D ivision , Missouri lConfederate) State Guard. Follow ing his capture, he was turned loose in R o lla, provided he would report d a ily at 10:00 a.m. to Post Headquarters - which he d id .

Mr. Lenox was, during the 1880's, the Phelps County representative in the M issouri L egislatu re — and a u sefu l, in flu e n tia l c itiz e n .

3rd Rev. Mon Jan 3 0 ,'67

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iVZMTS IN AND OUT 0? ROLLa FOR TEE Yi. E 1362

Importance_Of RoMLa As_Civil_J/ar_Amv Post. - probably, fo r lack o f_an inspired, in terested lo c a l pen, h is to ry has not accorded to R o lla a place of s u ffic ie n t importance in the conduct o f America's C iv il War. While many other Missour_ rail^ ends ( P ilo t Knob and S ed alia) and population centers such as Jefferson C ity, Springf i e l d , Cape Girardeau, Ironton, Potosi, Farmington, Poplar B lu ff, P a c ific , Union, C a lifo rn ia , Tipton, Lexongton, Arrowrock, Linn Creek, Marshall, Osceola, B olivar, Carthage, Neosho, K a r t v ille , Houston, and C a ssville - and many other communities vjere occupied or overrun by g u e rilla s or bona fid e Confederate troops, R olla, among these many, remained fir m ly in Union hands fo r the en tire duration of_the war.

The rugged country south of R o lla may have been a potent fa c to r in th is situ ation, although i t did not h alt or Ihamoer j much [ the fie r c e a c t iv it y of g u e rilla bands.

To R o lla, from S t. Louis, over the old Southwest Branch of the pacfic Railroad, came the m u lt ip lic it y of weapons, ammunition, food, clothin g, and goods required both fo r the h igh ly important m ilita r y expeditions that went out and through to.vn, in diners d ire c tio n s ( c h ie fly southwestf south, west and northw^s j 9 ^ provision s fo r c iv ilia n needs. From the viewpoint o f the town's news ed ito r in la t e 1862 came the remark that " Since 1861, R olla has grown more in i t s two years under m ilita r y ru le than i t would have grown otherwise in f i f t y years.

That is how important to R o lla , and i t s h is to ry , i s the story o f i t s m ilita r y occupation throughout the warf 1861-65.

Department Of The M issouri_D efined.- R o lla 's destin y throughout hhe war was co n trolled by” the ""United States Presiden t,, his Secretary and th e ir sub­ This?was defined, or i*e~peJ^^r|'~ ordinate commander o f the Department o f the Missouri 1861. The Department so defined •— -----defin ed, by a Washington order dated Nov Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, ana Arkansas, included the States o f Missouri "Major" (la t e 3 and that part o Kentucky west o f the Cumberland riv e r.^ The then General), Henry-W. Halleck was named the Commander o f th is Missouri D is tr ic t on date o f i t s creation , Nov. 9, and assumed o f fic e in St. Louis on Nov. 186— 2 He would be tra n sferred to Washington, as C hief o f the whole army, on (War Rec. v . 3 , p « 5 6 7 )^ S ____________ _________• S ecretary Edwin M. Stanton_App ointedjS eere ta ry _o f War.- On January 11,186^ ( or T^n 1? “ npr_ Sncv H ist Morris p.2357 President Lincoln replaced Simon Cameron as S a h i, successor. Stanton r o t t e d the post fo r the balance o f the war. George B. McClellan fo r a tana was chasf general o f 4.hp e n tir e U 3 Army but H alleck assumed that au th ority on T±> • Sere ttan « haA ihe basic fe d e ra l m ilita r y set-up which controlled a l l operations in and out’ o f R o lla f o r the war's duration. In 1363, Rolla would be located in a subdivision o f this Missouri Department, ca lled the "R o lla D is tr ic t .

1862 N ation al Svents_Concern_Rolla. - Many of the great we-e e ith e r- o f prime in te r e s t to R olla people, or d ir e c t ly e ffe c te d them. R o lla a le r t news e d ito r, o f R olla Express, kept the townsmen cu rren tly informed by prin t in g” t e le graphic reviews of most o f the important events, as w e ll as those of lo c a l concern: The fo llo w in g calendar o f events w i l l serve as a framework on which to hang our account o f the y e a r 1862 m ana around R o lla .

1361.- Ben H alleck Assumes Command, Dept, o f the M issouri,St.Louis « Nov.9 and 19, Secretary o f Yfar Edwin M. Stanton takes office,Jashington,D C.^ jan 11,136; a o l - Gen Samuel R. Curtis a rriv e s in R olla to head 3 .J. Mo. Campaign Dec 29,1 Same day Cavalry stationed at R o lla goes forward toward Lebanon * Jan 14 1862.- The main body o f the Curtis Army lea ves R o lla fo r Srf Mo. « Feb*. 6 1862.- Grant and fiom. Foote Capture Fort Henry J ^ r P ^ S S .- ^ tr e ^ r tL ^ ^ S n - P r ic e - M c C u llo c h

Army at Pea Ridge

a March 9,1862.- Great naval b a ttle , Merrimac ot Monitor,^ . A p r il 6*1862.- Great b a ttle o f Shiloh (Pittsbu rgh Lanaing), Tenn.

3rd Revision Jan 30, ' 6 7

- b

# A p r il 8,1862.- Llaj Gen John Pope takes Island No. 10 in M ississipp i River \ May 20,1862.- US Congress passes the U.S. Homestead Act May 30,1862.- Gen Beauregard evacuates Corinth, pushed out by Grant-Halleck army. * July 1,1862.- Congress passes Union P a c ific Railroad B i l l . p July 2, 1862.- Congress passes M o r r ill Land Grant B i l l ( Mo.Sch. Mines under i t ) » July 11,1862.- H.W.Halleck becomes G en eral-in -ch ief o f Union armies July 22,1862.- President Lincoln shows d ra ft of Emancipation Proc. to Cabinet.

AUGUST 30,1862.- SECCM) BATTLE BULL RUN. Federal rout.

Sept. 17,1862.- BATTLE OF ANT1ETAM. Even draw. B loodiest b a ttle of war.

Sept.22.1862.- Lincoln issues prelim inary Emanc.Procl.

Oct. 4,1862.- Rosecrans defeats the Van Dorn-Price army at Corinth,Miss.

Dec. 7,1862.- B a ttle o f P a a irie Grove, near F a y e tte v ille , NVJ Arkansas.

Dec. 13,1862.- Burnside loses at B attle o f Fredericksburg,Va. « Dec. 25,1862.- Col.John B. Wyman k ille d , Gen Wm T.Sherman being defeated in d riv e on Vicksburg from Yazoo r iv e r , at fo o t of Chickasaw B lu ffs .

Jan. 1, 1863.- Lincoln issu ee-Eaemeip ation Proclamation.

THE PEA RIDGE CAlffAIGN_CRIGINATES AT_R0LLA. Reason_For_Cam£aign. _ Secessionists Take_0ver Western Mi£souri_Again.- In dism issing Gen. John C. Fremont as head o f the Department o f Missouri and head of the Missouri armies, President Lincoln had stated that a winter expedition in to southwest M issouri and northwest Arkansas was poor m ilita r y stra teg y . The country had already been ex c e s s iv e ly foraged. An army couldn't e x is t on lo c a l supplies.

Even i f Confederate fo rc es should again over-run western Missouri, campaigns against them could qu ickly be organized and sent fo r th from the r a i l heads at Rib11a and S ed a lia . But i t d id n 't take Gen. P rice long to re-occupy western Missouri, where to north of S p rin g fie ld he could amply supply his army by foraging fo r stock-feed and provisions for* h is men. P r ic e 's men were g e ttin g altogeth er too close to J e f­ ferson C ity fo r Union comfort. Something had to_be done - and President Lincoln quickly, changed his mind about that "w inter campaign".

Gen._na lle c k Is_ Sent_To M issou ri.- We have already noted H a lleck 's appointment as. commander o f the Department of the Missouri, and his assumption o f ccmoand in St.Lou is on Nov. 19,1861. Gen. Samuel R. Curtis, a 'West Point graduate (Class 1831) had oeen in temporary charge between Fremont and Halleck. He had charge of troops station ed at Benton Barracks. In previous years, he had sevred in the Mexican War under Gen. Taylor, and had been c i t y engineer fo r S t. Louis. He was a w e ll trained engineer, 56 years of age. H alle ck now picked Gen Curtis to head the campaign out of^ R olla against Gen. P r ic e 's army, and sent him to H olla to i n it ia t e i t . I t appears that H alleck, w ith s t a f f o ffic e r s , and with Gov. Gamble of Miss curi, had e ith e r b efore th is , or immediately a ft e r , personally v is ite d R olla, and seems to have ordered a l l a va ila b le ca va lry to proceed at once toward Lebanon, to blaze the way and gather necessary inform ation. The regim ental h is to ry o f I l l i n o i s 36th Volunteers sayo that the ca va lry started, on i t s way the day Gen Curtis a rrived in R olla, Dec. 29,1861. / War Rec. v.3,pp 560-567-569- H ist 36th 111 R egt.p. / Gen Curtis_Arrives__In R o lla .- As we have r e c ite d , three d iv is io n s o f the U.S. Army were re s tin g on western frin g e s o f R o lla, under command o f Gens. A.Asboth and F .S ig e l, and C ol. J.B.Wyman. The R o lla Post was commanded by the popular C ol. Gren­ v i l l e M. Dodge. The evening tra in from S t. Louis dropped Gen. Curtis o f f at Rolla. at 6:30 P.M. ...A s o ld ie r d e t a il from Col. Dodge's 4th Iowa regiment met Gen Curtis and conducted him to C ol. Dodge's headuarters. Col.Dodge was su fferin g from a b u lle t wound in h is le g . He had been to Gen S ig e l's camp on a v i s i t , and was returning to town when a r e v o lv e r kept in h is pocket a ccid en ta lly fir e d , sending the b u lle t through the fle s h y part o f the le g . Even so, he was able to welcome Gen Curtis.

3rd Refe Jan 30,1967

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R olla Ga,_ap_Atiaos£her£ Juickljr Change_s.- Gen. Curtis was an engineer - accust­ omed to having things properly planned and then moved. He now la id down the law fo r the R o lla troops. . . . No more sulking by Gen S ig e l .. Ho more band concerts, He sent the splendid bands o f the 13ch and.36th I l l i n o i s regiments home. Troops were a le rte d , given in ten sive d r i l l , ordered out Uf .n town fo r t r i a l march experience.

With the ca va lrvideparted on December 29th, the day came fo r the main body o f troops to march out o f R o lla, on January 14th.

A lr e a d y j( Young_GapI.J?h± 1 Sherid an_(la te r General)_Was_In R o lla .- Young Capt. P h il Sheri­ dan, a West Point graduate, Class 1853, was commissioned to manage the array Commis­ sary fo r the Curtis Army. Extreme effe c tiv e n e s s was urgently needed - and P h il got i t - drew his General's commendation severa l times before--drawing fin a l l y Gen Curtis* wrath, because P h il c r it ic iz e d the Army* s }-method o f handling the Commissary. P h il was placed under a rre s t, returned to S t .Louis fo llo w in g the b a ttle of Pea Ridge. lhnfT e c tiv e Eut h is ta le n t was too great to be wasted - so a ft e r buying horses and mules in V/isconsin, he was f i n a l l y "discovered” and placed in' command o f an army d iv is io n .

Leading i t , at B a ttle of L'urfreesboro, Term., nine months a fte r his a rrest, he saved the Union army from a disastrous d e fe a t. .

The Army_Marches__To Lebanon,J^cledeJDount^,_Mo.- Our accounts o f b a ttle s away from R o lla must n e ces sa rily be b r ie f . On the other hand, they must .be mentioned, because o f th e ir impact on R o lla . And so we here include a sketch o f the Pea Ridge Campaign. . . . As already stated, the cavalry l e f t R o lla fo r Lebanon on Dec.29,1361.

The two ca va lry companies o f the lo th 111. Regt ( A and B ) were attached to the ca va lry led by Col. Eugene A. Carr. Making i t s way to Lebanon, th is cavalry con­ tin gen t fre q u en tly met small bands o f secession troops, e ith e r took them prisoner, dispersed or k ille d them. They were overtaken by fre e z in g rains, had to spend the night under frozen blankets, without ten ts, saddles fo r p illo w s . Horses turned t a i l to the storm.

The main body o f in fa n try l e f t R o lla January 14th, was in Waynesvil i e by the B ig Spring on the 17th. Their f i r s t march was to the snow-covered camp 5 miles west o f R o lla , on a spacious f i e l d in Section 8 (T .3 7 -8 ). As th e ir co^pissary wagons fa ile d to appear, the men went supperless to bed. The next and fo llo w in g days they marched down the L i t t l e Piney v a lle y , crossing the ic y waters o f that stream on, fo o t th irte e n times b efore reaching today's A rlin gton . Marching was WORK, so the boys threw away a l l unnecessary belongings - extra sh irts, love le t t e r s , e tc .

Foragin g For Apples J it Wayne s v i l l e . - The 13th 111. Regimental H istorian t e l l s th is story. While the army camped at fla y n es ville, severa l sold ier boys strode fo rth to view the town. As they approached a house, two comely maidens stood on the porch - and were not at a l l in teres te d when the boys attempted to f l i r t .

They nervously looked aside at severa l newly dug graves in the yard. Be ■/•oaing suspicious, the boys asked the "why" o f the graves. The response - " An epidemic o f typhoid fe v e r took our aunt and severa l r e la t iv e s ." . . The boys withdrew, got shovels, opened the graves - and discovered bushels o f fin e rip e apples. Returning to camp, they t ie d s trin g around the ankles o f th e ir extra pants, used them fo r sacks, and removed the apples from the graves. Successful fo r a g in g !

For age rs_GetJ'Jarm SupperJT6oked_ by J3^hw hackera.- On a previous occasion, these boys o f the 13th I l l i n o i s had h it the jack pot an th e ir foraging t r ip . Four o f them, including the l i t t l e Irishman, "P a tsy", went out from a temporary 13th 111. camp on the Gasconade, lo s t th e ir way when ^several m iles from camp. Spying a lo g hut, they entered and ate th e ir supper o f har£>ack and c o ffe e . Then th e ir outpost guard, came running, shouting » Hide, quick, bushwhackers are coming I» ...T h ere was no other place to hide, so they scrambled up in to the a t t i c . In came the bushwhackers, made a. fin e suoper o f fr ie d ham and potatoes. L i t t l e Patsy couldn't endure i t , 30 crept t o ahe end o f the puncheon a t t ic flo o r to look downthrough a hole over the fir e p la c e and fr ie d sujdper. The puncheons suddenly upended, and cown in to the supper went poor Patsy . . But ju s t as p re cip a tely , the bushwhackers dashed out the door and A splendid ham-and-potato su p p er^ g reed ily devoured fle d on th e ir horses. -4vc by four hungry s o ld ie r boys.

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Jan 30,'67

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Curtis Kalia_and_ReorgaJiizesA rm y in Lebanon.- The Curtis Army reached Wayne s v i l l e on Jan. 17th, Lebanon on Jan 24th, 1862. Here Curtis halted in order to reorganize his troops, and take in a few regiments that had marched from Sedalia under Col. J e f f C. Davis ( not_ the Confederate jDr£sident_ 1 ) . Gen. Curtis was lucky in that he made h is headquarters in the famous tavern operated by Mrs Martha (Hyer) Harrison ( widow o f the la ter'J oh n B r a z il H arrison). She was one of the w orld's fin e s t women - an avowed Unionist in s p ir it and b e lie f , but a warm frie n d o f her husband's brother, Berry Harrison ( a v io le n t secession ist, a lso the f i r s t ch ild ever born inside Phelps County). / We have the le t t e r s Martha_wrote_Berry ___ / The Reorganized Army.- We must cut d e t a il sharply, but need to include the reorganized plan o f.th e army, thus: FIRST DIVISION! In fa n try thus: I l l i n o i s s 25th-36th-44th V ols. . . .M issouri's 3rd-12th-17th.; . . .C avalry thusg Companies A & B, 36th I l l i n o i s . — two b attalion s Benton Hussars — 4th Missouri Cavalryj • • • A r t ille r y : WeI f le y 6-gun and Hoffman's 6-gun b a t t e r ie s .. . .D ivision Commander, Col. (la t e r B rig.G en.) P eter J. 03terhaus.

SECOND DI V io l ON: In fa n try: 2nd and 15th M isso u ri.. .Cavalry: Missouri 6th and a b a tta lio n o f Missouri 4 th .. . A r t i l l e r y : Two b a tte rie s , 6 guns uach. D ivision Commander, Brig.Gen. Alex S . Asboth.

THIRD DIVISION: In fa n try : Indiana 8th-18th-22nd. . . I l l i n o i s 37th ..M issouri 9th.

Cavalry: 1st Missouri . . . A r t ille r y : Two b a tte rie s - one o f 4-guns, one o f 6-guns.

Commander, C o l.J e ff C. Davis, whose troops had been at Sedalia.

FOURTH DIVISION: In fa n try : Iowa 4th and 9th . . I l l i n o i s 35th . . Missouri 25th j Cavalry: 3rd Iowa and 3rd I l l i n o i s , plus Major Bowen's cavalry b a tta lio n . . . .

A r t i l l e r y : Two b a tte rie s of 6 guns each, one of 4 guns. Commander, Col.Eugene A Carr. ui3iutinu ... MAND: .....| GENERAL COM Gen Franz S ig e l was given command of F irs t and Second D ivis­ ions - Gen. Curtis commanded the other two - and the e n tire army in addition .

Army Moves On Sprin gfie ld and Pea R id ge.- Thus organized tr.e Curtis Army broke Lebanon camp on” Feb".' 10th, and marched on S p rin g fie ld , brushing aside or destroying h o s tile bands. Gen. Price, with his army, h a s tily l e f t S p rin g fiH d fo r the nth time, which the Unionists occupied on Feb. 14th. There follow ed Price|s rapid r e tr e a t, w ith C ol. C arr's Union cavalry nipping at his heels, f i r i n g with mobile a r tille r y .

The B a ttle o f Pea R id ge,- We skip a l l possible d e ta il, but sketch high lig h t s .

The Curtis' army continued to chase Price u n til the la t t e r join ed up with Gtn. ben McCulloch's fo rc es , stationed south of Bentonville,Arkansas. Price and McCulloch disagreed so much, that Gen. E arl Van Dorn was sent in to conotmd both fo rc e s .

S ig e l unwisely advanced his contingent to B en ton ville, without permission or proper support from the re s t o f the army - and so was surprised w hile at breakfast, and q u ick ly surrounded by the Van Dorn fo rc e s . With great d i f f i c u l t y he .ought his wav out and joined the Curtis camp w ith aid o f troops under Gen Asboth and C ol. „ r . ' on the north Curtis chose the b a t t le fie ld - a l e v e l p la in bounded/by one high rx^ge Know as Pea Ridge, and on the south by Sugar Creek,, in Benton county - the extreme _ northwest county o f Arkansas. On March 5th, Van Dorn camped along the south sxae o f Sugar Creek - but as a measure of strategy, le f£ c a | P df ir e s ournxng there the night o f the 5th, and marched h is troops away and tip/tne north tlank o f Pea Ridge where, in a steep v a lle y at i t s east end, he attacked the Curtis army the morning o f March 6th. A" second w rig o f Van D o r a r m y , led by Gens. Ben McCulloch and flank of Pea Ridge. n on C u rtisiwest .on the south f.

James McIntosh, came in jn 'aged, Mirch 6-7-8.

Then one Peter Pelican, o f i, March 6-7-S. For three days the battle Co.B 36th “iliin o is " lA fa n t r y , shot and k ille d Gen. McCulloch. Gen McIntosh a lso ..

• n ended Van T \nvmt er west-end assault - me f e l l .^ ^These two ca su a« .lties p r a_cI tic anlly Dorn's Confederates there withdrew. But on the east end, a most furious b a ttle jaged u n t il the night o f the 8th, when the Confederates had suffered enough, and w iohdre,.

Curtis had won a <jajor v ic to r y .

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Jan 30,1967

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Y<hat_NovJ_Hap£ened To_The_Gurtis i rny_-_And_Rolla_Troops.-^During a l l this tim e,—Gen. Curtis had allowed the 13th I l l i n o i s , commanded by Col. John B. 1jTiilSIlj to remain in R o lla . But on March 6th, Curtis ordered Wyman to march from K olia to l troops With troops withdrawn in to M issouri, Curtis Inow twasl orders to s^nd 3,J— Dpi, where VanDorn he could spare to 3hiloh-C orinth areas Senhessee-iiissis: ;UUJLU opcu ^ U V the Uiiv —* -------------------of — _ .

1 * 1 x* T . ii.T P-^ice had taken t h e ir defeated fo rc e s .

Curtis had planned 00 strik e fo r l i t - i e and Rock/ and w ith part o f h is army, including the Wyman regiment, had gone as fa r as B a te s v ille , Arkansas. The re s t o f his troops, under Col. J e ff C. D a vis,_crossed south M issouri, marched to Cape Girardeau, took boats toross the M ississip p i and * going up the Ohio and Cumberland, were presen tly on the oid S h i^oh b a t t le fie ld .

This fo rc e b a ttle d in the Chickamauga-Chattanooga-Atlanta campaigns, and were then mustered out a t A tla n ta . v— „ -x* Curtis, w ith the re s t o f his army, and the 1 3 t im llin o is , w ith grtao d i f f i c u l t y crossed north Arkansas, f i n a l l y landing at Helena, Ark.,Xwhere^Curtis l e f t the command to become Commander o f the Department o f the g s a ^ r i . i n place of rialleck This post he held from July 11, 196fr unti l May 2 A, 19o3 i f f l l L , was super­ seded, by Gen. John M. S ch o field . The 13h I l l i n o i s went with Gen Um i.Sherman to attempt capture o f Vicksburg by way o f the Yazoo r iv e r and Chicxasaw Blufxs Th* venture fa ile d , and Col. Wyman was k ille d there on December 25, 1862. The regiment join ed in the Sherman march from Chattanoogs to Atlanta, was surrounded crnd d is banded on the way to A tla n ta . Thus we dispose o f many < o f tne troops^that l e f t RoLla in January-Febr ary, 1862, encamped there the w in ter of 13 6 x -6 2 . ^et us now see what haopened to the desettled town from February to the end of 18o2.

Rolla-Town Feb. _ 6th KOlia—Town—Celebrates ueicuiduca "As« Grant_Takes_Forts_Henry_&_Donel_son._ - - _ - - orsn - - - —.T— ~ V . I tOnwas vpl L ‘O nda''' — — _ — • — r tt ____ ____3 and 16th when Grant captured Forts Henry and Done Is on, re s p e c tiv e ly . On ^ a y , Feb. 17th, C ol. Wyman had the four b ig 32-pounder cannon at For^ ;,yman f i r d cause b f the v ic to r y . Th irty-tw o shots in a i l . Then on ^ town and the court house, with i t s b e lfr y , were illum inated by o ld - ^ y le keros-ne t^ S h ^ .

Col.,«.yman%;t/odp^onned th e ir uniforms and smartly marched through the town’ s streets'. Loyal c itiz e n s a lso illum inated both tn e ir hates and th ~ ir

— town°illu m in ation took place when, on March 8th, Gen. Curtis uon the b a ttle o f Pea Ridge. This time Col. Wyman was gone, but h is * * Post Commander was C ol. Sempronius Boyd, who once again ordered a town illu m in a tion .

The night procession wasried old-tim e kerosene torch lig h t s , i e o n hsaat i p Sm fii quartermaster (commissary) in the old Andrew Malcolm house at nor heast c fm e r o f ’ 8th and Fine s tre e ts , was b r i l l i a n t l y illu n in a te d and displayed severa l 11transparencies" a p p rop riately le t t e r e d .

2 23j Mar 1 , -----J A fcAErthx "celebration, was the R olla 4th o f July a f f a i r o f loo2 . Speec es we^. e made mina fir e d , the D eclaration of Independence was read. h r f vrafhA gton’ s Birthday, Feb. 22, Fort Wyman.' s guns f i r e d a 32-gun salute j fo r the occasion. l i t i o n a l Events I.eoinge, March 9th t o Kay 30th.- W h ile these things were R o lla these nacional events claimed a^ucnt.ion A l s o . \~) tween gunboats Kerrimac and Monitor, March 9th day a ft e r Pea todge »as^.on ; be ( 2\ R a ttle o f Shiloh, A p r il 6th; (3 ) Gen. John Pope takes Island wo. 10 in the (2) /. s s is s ip p i r iv e r A p r il 8th; (4 ) U.S.Congress passet the Homestead Act, Eay , k is s x s s ip p i r iv e r , Apxi > \J ^nth* U.S.Congress authorizes (5 ) Gen. Beauregard evacuated C oim th, k is s ., il jr j y construction o f Union P a c ific Railroad, July 1st; .

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REHABILITATION OF CIVIL GOVj The M issouri State Convention And State Government.e a r lie r pages, describe she lo c a l Phelos County election of delegates to the Missouri State 1 ioxaxssmklx by the secessionist governor C p. Jackson uonvention of 1861 c a ile to assemble at Jefferson C ity on February 28, 1861. The Convsntic. , consisting o f 99 d elega tes, duly met in Jefferson C ity, and promptly adjourned to St.Louis, where i t reassembled on March 4th. I t adjourned on March 22nd, a fte r long and ardent debate, and a ft e r deciding that "Missouri had no cause to secede- or, jo in with the Southern S tates. The vote had been 80:1 on that question.

Because Gov. Jackson and his secession ist o ffic e r s and the Legislature had fle d -from J efferso n C ity, in r e b e llio n , the State o f Missouri was without le g a l government fo r most o f July, 1861. For such reason, the Convention reassembled in J efferson C ity on July 22,1861. Then and there i t chose and inaugurated n-cessary state o f f i c i a l s to conduct state business. The sta te treasurer, auditor, and r e g is t e r o f lands remained lo y a l. The remaining o ffic e s were f i l l e d . Hamilton P. Gamble was chosen as provisional, governor, W illa rd P. H all as Lieut.Govern or. They were to serve u n til successors were prop erly and duly elected and q u a lifie d .

Gamble served u n til his death, January 31,1364. H a ll served out the remainder o f the term u n t il Thomas C. F letch er took over, in 1865.

This second adjourned convention session declared vacant any and a l l o ffic e s in s ta te , county, or municipal governments whose incumbents had gsfxgdxfcka espoused the secessio n ist cause. I t requird every v o te r - every state, county, or municipal o f fic e r to take an in te n s e ly s t r ic t oath o f a lle g ia n c e . The oath required a d en ia l o f p a rtic ip a tio n in some 45 offenses or a c t i v i t i e s . Besides c i v i l o ffic e r s , the oath had to be taken by a l l lawyers, jurors, teachers, clergymen. These requirements were duly advertised in the R o lla newspaper and in m ilita r y orders. But i t was found most .d iffic u lt or even impossible to e f f e c t iv e l y administer th is ordinance, which the U.S. Supreme Court f i n a l l y declared to be u ncon stitu tional.

We r e c it e th is b r ie f record o f the State Cohvention because i t had to be observed by the people o f R o lla - ^and because th e ir own town and county government had been d issolved e ith e r by f l i g h t o f the o f f i c i a l s , or by the decrees of th is Convention.

were required )

The Provost Marshal._ L ttlita r j._ C o u r ts 'O r d in a r ily , but p a rtic u la rly during a war,- i t ” becomes expedient br necessary to set up what i s tantamount to a m ilita r y Court, which may extend i t s ju r is d ic tio n not only over the armed fo rces, but also, in times o f emergency, over the c i v i l i a n population. Such an agency was established | in R o lla p r a c t ic a lly from the beginning o f the C i v i l War, in 1861. So an idea o f ■ what a Provost Marshal is , and what his duties are, i s pertinent here, as R olla and 1 the surrounding area was s t r i c t l y governed by such an o f f i c e r . * A Provost Marshal i s an o f f i c e r appointed by a m ilita r y au th ority ( in Rolla by 1 the Post Comaander), whose duties are (were) to preserve order in general, to arrest persons who v io la t e s p e c ifie d orders or regu lations or are g u ilt y o f crimes; to s a fe ly secure prisoners brought in ; to have charge o f such prisoners as are on , t r i a l ; to execute le g a l processes, and perform other p o lice or d is c ip lin a ry du ties, i Tt i s in te r e s tin g to .n o te what extrem ely broad powers these C i v i l War provost 1 Marshals sought/to ex ercis e, both in R o lla , and in the surrounding counties of 1 Maries, Pulaski, Texas, Dent, and Crawford, and in Phelps County i t s e l f .

In immediately preceding paragraphs, we have indicated that the State Convention o f July, 1861, required every vo te r, a l l holders o f sta te, county, or municipal o ffic e s , and a l l lawyers, ju rors, teachers and clergymen to take and/or sign an oath o f a lle g ia n c e , denying every manner o f reb ellio n - against government, or par­ t ic ip a t io n in armed r e v o lt . There were 45 s p e c ifie d categories o f such "crim es".

Under such convention orders, appropriate measures were supposed to be taken by a l l lo c a l a u th o rities - in the case o f R o lla by the occupying m ilita r y fo rc es .

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Jan 31,'67

i l lams ox What The_Rolla_Prov ost_MMarshals D-i-3-, Lieilx u • X3a i an 13th _ps 4- V>£2 as one m e ver Cl U ii~ f ir : st, i f not I l l i n o i s XWyman's; Regiment w j :irst R o lla 's provost marshals. He was anpoints a to t. he o f; ic< on January 27,1362, by Col. G ren v ille M. Dodge, of |.in la va Regime n t .

Sever $a>■, W illiam s a ft e r the 13th I l l i n oLois i s departed from R olla clla c <n j .a <amec Iron Works, where he One o f L ieu t. W illia m s* f i r s t acts was to go to la administered the oath o f a lleg ia n ce to some 100 o f the plant* s workers. The cere­ mony ended, the workers gave W illiam s a rousing cheer, and the la d ies served him an afternoon tea, and housed him and his cle rk in the room of Miss Lulie James overnight. This was a ltogeth er more pleasant than the next a ct. His routine du ties, in R o lla, were not only to preserve general order, acting in place o f a town and county government w holly vacated - but to examine cases where persons were w ron gfu lly accused o f order v io la tio n s or crimes, and to assess appropriate, penal­ t ie s , order dism issals, and award pardons. He was, in essence, a_..general m ilita r y court presidin g over both city, and county areas - and even those of. the “ R olla M ili­ ta r y D is t r ic t " , taking in counties of Maries, Pulaski,Texas, Dent, Phelps and Crawford On February 17, 1862, great consternation prevailed as L ieu t. W illiam s, in compliance with the State Convention Ordinance, issued s p e c ific orders to c itiz e n s o f those " d is t r ic t " counties of Maries, Pulaski, Texas, Dent, Phelps and Crawford fo r a ll male persons, aged sixteen or over, saying that _they_must_ come in to Rol l a and take or sign the s p e c ifie d oath o f a lle g ia n c e . For Phelps county, he made i t more s p e c ific by ordering a l l such persons from each of the county's townships to £ so journey to R o lla and sign up. A l l who e ith e r neglected or refused so to take the oath were to be considered as reb els, and have th e ir property confiscated, aa required by the State ordinance..........How w e ll these orders were enforced i s ano­ th er question - w ith so many g u e r illa bands operating in the a rea. I t was well, nigh impossible 11 B it W illiam s' successors p ersisted .

Within R o lla and in the army camps e n c irc lin g town, stringent additional, orders- were Issued - tantamount to c i t y ordinances, inasmuch as n eith er town or county government then ex isted . They had both been "vacated" by provisions o f the State Omvention ordinance, and by e x it o f secession ist members. Repeatedly, orders were issued p roh ib itin g sale of liq u o r, e ith e r to c itiz e n s or s o ld ie r s ,fa r any purpose other than 'for sacramental or medicjnal u se., As v io la tio n s continued, the Post Commandant, Col. Sempronius H. Boyd,y uook’ a* h-ncf and declared that v io —• la ta rs would be fin ed $25.00 fo r such liq u o r sa le. Orders a lso covered the f i r i n g o f guns or p is to ls , and required the clo sin g of saloons and "business houses on Sunday. not; 1362.

Major H.A.Gallup was the provost marshal. When the 22nd Iowa occupied H olla on Dec. 20, Col. W.M.Stone took over both o ffic e s , post commandant and provost marshal fo r the R o lla D is t r ic t . Stone was a veteran s o ld ie r from the Shiloh b a t t le f i e l d .

Major Gallup had one s ig n a l achievement worthy of record. He caused the stumps on Eighth s tr e e t, from ra ilro a d to Pine s tr e e t, to be grubbed up - as his o f fic e was at the northeast corner o f 8th and Pine, s ite o f today's jen Franklin swore.

RoVl a . Di st r i ch_tl±lj.fc ar%; Courts . - A s time went cn, the e f f o r t to enforce the State Convention ordinance req u irin g feSe oath o f a lleg ia n ce to be taken was sup­ plemented by es ta b lish in g area "cof/missions" or m ilita r y court 3 in the Uni on posts ma^ n f .a i n pH

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the to the or who openly m ilitary camps — or ca rried cn treasonable correspondence. ...T h e resp ective post commandant was to a rrest a l l such persons jerbnt o_l Horse th ieves, g u e rilla s , spies were to be placed in iron s, to await t r i a l . Properly c e r t ifie d Confederate so ld iers were to be treated as prisoners o f war. Their ia m iii~ ^ / ^ o ^ c cx*u ,

1st Ai Jan 31'67

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i f poss b le , they were to fin d work and support themselves. I f unable to do that, they were t o have Federal support.

A f i n a l s tip u la tio n was that each person taking the allegian ce oath must carry with him, at a l l times, an appropriate c e r t ific a t e in d ica tin g that he had taken the oath.

Listjs Of_FTisoners_Brought_In.- The current issues o f the Rolla Express contain numerous l i s t s o f the prisoners taken by troop raid s out o f R o lla . Among these we fin d the names o f such persons as Dr. John Hyer, preminent area physician o f Lake Spring; C ol. Thomas R. Freeman, former county court judge, soon paroled and allowed to resume h is g u e r illa raids in south M issouri; and F.M.Lenox, farmer Coutty and C ircu it Court C lerk. Most prisoners taken were sent from R olla to S t. Louis, there to be-disposed o f as the M issouri Department head should decide - go to the U.S. prison at A lton , 111., or be paroled.

r e h a b ilit a t io n OF PHELPS COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT C irc u it Court O fficers^A opointsa. iTs we Have already indicated, TThe Phelps County C ircu it Court had i t s la s t pre-war session in e a r ly May, 1861 - adjourning on May 7th. The c ir c u it judge then was James S. McBride, who at once took command o f a secession ist regiment o f south C to M issouri sta te m ilit ia , The o f f i c e remained vacant th erea fter, under ordinance o f the State Convention, u n til a new c ir c u it judge appointment was made, together with TJ p < —t O o 1 associated o f f ic e r s o f c le rk and s h e r iff.

The Phelps County C ircu it Court was the « | f i r s t unit o f c iv ilia n government re-estab lish ed in Phelps County.

0 5m On January 6,1862, R o lla people were informed that Governor Hamilton _ . Gamble 3 o -p -p had appointed Hon. J.S .W addill as c ir c u it judge fo r the 18th ju d ic ia l d is t r ic t 0 which took in Phelps and other counties. On Monday, Feb. 10,1862, word ocama that CO 0 ci 1—| actin g Governor W illa rd P. H a ll had appointed Henry V/armoth, son o f C ol.Isaac War■5 moth, as S tate*s A ttorney ( c ir c u it a ttorn ey) fo r the 18th d i s t r i c t . The c ir c u it J P^ > court s t a f f , required by law, was completed by appointment of Chas. P. Walker (e d ito r 0 >> CU?H o f R o lla Express) as c ir c u it clerk , and Chestine M ille r , s h e r iff. John M. Dunivin o c U V was deputy s h e r iff .

(X'X, Judge W addill fix e d the dates fo r c ir c u it court in Phelps County as the 5th 0 CO I Monday a ft e r the 4th Monday in March and in September - there thus being established o <U 0 two reg u la r terms o f court per year. The f i r s t session thus fix e d convened at Rolla, ?1 —I a in the Court House ( which had been vacated by the m ilita r y au th orities to permit CO CT? q 1862 ( during week o f May 1—7) o £q these c i v ilia n a u th o ritie s to meet there ) on May-5, CO o P r in c ip a l Circuit^ Actions Taken.Since the m ilita r y courts were handling J h 07) < T) • crim inal cases in general, few such concerned the new c ir c u it court in 1862. The &^ D *~D m a jo rity o f actions taken were o f the court" in va ca tion ". The town newspaper fo r the balance o f the year ca rried numerous_ le g a l n otices - most of which were d o fo r attachment o f property o f secessio n ists or others who had not paid property 00 o taxes or required in te r e s t, and would f o r f e i t th e ir property i f such taxes were not paid. Thus did many former Phelps countians f o r f e i t th e ir land holdings because o f th e ir choice o f secession f e a lt v . l . . . A second class o f le g a l a d vertise­ ments was o f s h e r i f f ^ as a lg 0ftfe&BS&H p ro p erties. . . ^ „ As required, /the C ircu it Court in s is te d that a l l lawyers ora ctisin g befor ie a .p lie d to a l l jurors ROUT'D must have taken the oath o f .a lleg ia n ce. employees o_ f the c ir c u it court, and a l l clerk s and judges o f e le c tio n s .

Attorneys w "h0 signed: * 0 - . a S £ E ® ! i l f: 5 F e ^ M GcB ii¥ -ajns * £U jah p e r,T ’ The Governor_Aopoints_ ^ounty_Cour_t_0ffic£rs_.- The la s t meeting o f the Phelps Phel] "County court Court'V-before a: CountyT~corporationcorporation o ffic e r s - the "county "y-oex ore war* war brokcy.vas o r o u e held l h on M May 10,1861, a t which time Lewis F. Wright was presidin g judge, and Thomas R. Freeman

t

s o lid ly resumed on A pri

7, 1862.

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Jan 3 1 ,167

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Now., on Monday, Feb. 17, 1362, news cameo that the Governor had appointed the three members o f a new County Court, and that they ’were duly c u a lifie d under the provision s o f the State Convention ordinance. The tnree persons chosen v/er-a John G, Hutchinson, James Angus Dun, and Dabney T. Hudgens. To permit these and other county o f f i c i a l s to meet and have propr o ffic e s , the m ilita r y commander had the present b ric k court house vacated by a l l fe d e ra l agencies. By common consent o f the three new judges, th e ir f i r s t meeting was arranged fo r the f i r s t Monday in A p r il - that being A p r il 7, 1362.

The o f f i c i a l jou rn al o f the Court ( Book A) shows that the Court did assemble on A p r il 7th. Mr. Hutchinson was chosen as the presidin g judge. Hudgens was from the west h a lf o f the county - Dun from the east, associated w ith Maraaec Iron Works and his store in St.James.

At th is meeting, Chas. P. Walker was appointed County C lerk. He was a lso serving as C ircu it Clerk. A group of "peace ju s tic e s " was appointed— Henry Webster and E lija h Perry fo r H olla township . .Vim. C. York and Samuel Crane fo r L i t t l e Piney ...John Perry, Anders on Glen, and Louis R. Matlock fo r Hawkins Twp. . . . John Grant and John F. Wait fo r Massey Twp.. . . .Thos. Morris and Wm Hoad fo r Green T w p ....J os. Kester §nd PateroBradford fo r L ib e rty T/p.. . .Nathaniel R. Spencer and John Matlock fo r Green._______ Twp . . and fo r R e lfe Twp. nobody. i The county court, as now, was g r e a tly concerned with roads — but the m ilita ry was so badly using them that the m ilita r y was expected to do a l l necessary road maintenance. ...Among other du ties, the County Court a lso constituted the probate court o f the tim es. Many adm inistrative n otices appear in current issues o f the R o lla .express. The fo regoin g court personnel continued u n til the f a l l e le c tio n o f 1862, when Eva# M orris replaced J.A.Dun — who was a mining engineer, and preferred to in v e s tig a te gold and s ilv e r /nines in Colorado rather than tinker w ith the p e tty business o f a county court.

With one fu rth er item of in te r e s t, we may thus leave the County Court u n til la t e r years. This item presents fin a n c ia l fa c ts about the^ Covinty fo r year 1361: S t a t is t ic s fo r Phelps County (1861 Tax Book) Number o f p o ll tax le v ie s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 999 Acres of land in Phelps Co. . . . . . . . .

161,920 T o ta l valuation ( c i t y included) . . . . 0437,920 105 slaves (va lu e) .............................. $44,030 $77,241 Money, notes (va lu e) .........

Other property (va lu e) ...................... $457.719 Total valu ation . . . . . $766,910 Tax due County & State ................... $5,478.52 ( which i s about 71$ per $100 v a lu a tio n ).

ATTEMPTED REHABILITa T I0N_0F ROLLa fC^_GGVERNMHlIT Vfar Terrninates_Rolla_Town Government.- R o lla 1s town government p r a c tic a lly seased the day that Union fo rces a rrived in town - June 14, 1861. R ob t.M . Case, the mayor, was a se ce ssio n ist. Of the seven counciJmen, f i v e were Unionists Bishop, Malcolm, Morris,Webber, and Dunivin. H artje and Andrae were secession ists.

In so fa r as can be learned, the la s t o f f i c i a l act o f the town council occurred on June 17, 1861, lust a ft e r Union troops entered R o lla . This ordinance absolutely proh ibited s a le " o f any form of liq u o r in sid e R o lla u n .il and unless s p e c ific a lly permitted by the cou n cil. This was because o f the inxlu x o f so many so ld iers , who needed to remain sober. The ordinance i s signed by n..7.Bishop, Council P r e s e n t pro tern, and H.S. Clark, C lerk.

As we have already said, tne m ilita r y provost marshal p r a c t ic a lly took over the functions o f the town council. Use o f the stre t was p r a c t ic a lly monopolized by the m ilita r y so i t had the job o f maintaining both s tr e e ts and county highways. At one time, the provost aarshal considered the levy in g o f a lo c a l tax s u ffic ie n t to take care o f these items which the town council woul have handled had not the town been under m ilita r y r u le .

The "Fiasco" Sown E le ctio n _o f June_2x1862.- The R o lla charter fix e d the f i r s t Monday in June as town e le c tio n day. That fix e d Monday, June 2,1862, as

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n*fia s c o " t own e le c tio n was held. I t was th is way: the day As e a r ly as Monday, March 3, 1862, R o lla townsmen had ca lled a general mass meeting to consider ju st what might be done to re h a b ilita te town government.^ Mayor Rcbt. M. Case was in the ch air. Frank G. Dake was secretary. Resolutions were brought in by a committee con sistin g of E.W.Bishop, W. C.York, J.GHutchinscn, Wm. Hawkins, Solomon King, C. P.Walker, and H.S. Clark. Tne resolutions contained many words, but very l i t t l e o f concrete suggestion. No plan was o ffere d .

There the question rested u n t il Mayor Case, on May 1, inserted a public notice in Rolla* Express s e ttin g the date fo r a town e le c tio n on Monday, June 2,1862. _ At that time a mator and seven councilman were to be e le c te d . . . . C itizens o f Unionist views met and nominated a town t ic k e t: For mayor, E lija h Perry. counoilmen, Robert P. Faulkner, E.W.Bishop, Louis E. Green, Cornelius W.Dunivin, ja n ie l O.Gcrman, Henry Boyer, and Edward G. Morse..........Whereupon c itiz e n s o f secession ist fa ith • met and chose a t ic k e t con sistin g o f persons o f that persuasion. No names seem to hsivs been r*ecox*d.ed — vje hs-vs .found nons* E le ctio n day came. The p o lls were crowded. Many who voted or sought to vote had been brought in by the secession group - to such an extent that t ^ Uni<^ist t ic k e t was voted down. The secession party had, i t was charged, ^ ro u h t i^ many army emolovees who liv e d outside c it y lim its - who had no rig h t to vote. Teamsters, S s S h C and so on..........G reatly outraged, the Unionists l e f t the p o lls - many not even castin g t h e ir b a llo t s .

E le c tio n Declared A F arce.- I t would seem that the issue was never taken to court - which could have s e ttle d the matter and provided a remedy. ^ But i t s e ttle d matter that a secessio n ist town council could never e x is t in R c-la, under lo c a l m ilita r y ru le and the provisions o f the State C o n ven tion o r a in ^ c e . the tram! s e d it o r h o tly . r o t e that the eneeaxon «a s a, f tren^ndoS that no mavor had been e le c te d . There had been many loud threats . a tr e m ^ o a s l o t Of e le c tio n e e rin g . He declared that there had been "NO ELECTI®". He follow sa w-i^-h a t e r r i f i c denunciation o f Hon. S.G.VJilliams, who, he said, had t^k'-n the a lle g ia n c P o a th , bu^had v io la te d i t in a t le a s t four d e fln ite v re s p e c ts . He blaned ,a :L ilT

c c S S b i l o r to tne t « n newspaper also denounced the e le c tio n , and

the f i l c h i n g “ ^ ^ P ^ 3; ere

sece3Sio n is ts »ho had taken the a U c g i^ c e oath,

but d id n 't mean i t . . . . ( 2 ) The secession mayoral o a n d l d a t . J' ' n^vis man . . . ( 3 ) This e le c tio n was a contest between Unionist and seceoSicn Davis man . . . . . K j J t la secession ist cast a vote xor E lija h perry, the ^ 0 ^ “ ’ ............- (4 ) ! s public announcement o f the Unionist tic k e t,

S -sS sS i aairsr- 4£S£rS3£”:Sr e le c tio n was a mockery . . . . ^

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' ~'J'" °We can fin d no record , as j.to _ ,i-.n ‘-'ho fh thi^is candidate c-naxaau- was, a , but he was . pronounced I t couldby e d ito r Walker as being the most rabid disloyc.

5JlaiUe l G. W illiam s - or have been George Harrington, or mayor Robert ^ oo.se, or 5-maei u. some other person. Our guess only - it "as Harrington. ’ show up . And/r -. the record of the Town of R o lla stands u n t il further facts show up. /thus

j5 3 BB> Ed 1 Jan L9$7

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R b lla i.3 _^ y £ r _^-£ Arrejsted^ _Fe_de_ral^v7agon_Tr'iiri_3 Burnea.- The R olla town e le c tio n !lfa rc7 "—had not y et been held when, on May 24 and May 31, 1362, two U.3. A1**V via o n tra in s were halted and burned by secession forces or gueri g u e r illa bands le^ by 2. former en X" ute R o lla resid en ts - W.O.Coleman and Henry Andrae. One o f 1 ior Houston. wagons from R o lla to Si— p rinug fie ld . The other,/ of 25 ---w » — ■ B efore a ca va lry squad came to the rescue and drove the attackers o ff, several of lim ita r y wrath in R o lla waxed red the r e s t robbed. the wagons had been burned hot.

■ * A second a f f a i r was the h a ltin g and burning of a 102 wagon pain by the same g u e r illa band - led by W.O.Coleman and H -nry Andrae. Ten of these wagons were burned b efore another ca va lry fo rce a rrived to aid the 80-man wagon tra in escort.

In the attendant gun f i r e , the Unionists lo s t one man — the g u e rilla s 13 kiMLed or yjounded.

M ilit a r y wrath now exploded — but th is was a milder a f f a i r than a la t e r one whoch took place on November 29* In that encounter, a 30-wa on tra in was e n tir e ly burned and robbed by an attacking fo rce of 1500 men. The escort had to leave or be overpowered. Even so, the escort lo s t 5 k ille d and 10 wounded. The attackers lo s t 11 - so)th e graves they dug.?- id . But,perhaps worse, the attackers, in the cold weather p re v a ilin g , stripped the teamsbers of a l l cloth in g except sh irts and drawers.

These a t r o c it ie s so angered Commandant S.H.Boyd and his provost marshal that they summarily a rrested a number o f R o lla persons and e n tire fa m ilies, accusing them o f having informed the wagon tra in attackers that the tra in s were about to leave R o lla - and the s iz e o f the wagon tr a in and of i t s e s c o rt. The persons involved were more or le s s re la te d by blood or marriage. Heading the l i s t was the town's mayor, who had c a lle d the town e le c tio n : Robert M. Case, and his fam ily. Othe:rs were these: S.G. and Mrs. W illiam s ...S u rveyor A.E.Buchanan and fam ily. He had made the o r ig in a l R o lla Town Su rvey... .Frederick H artje and fam ily - e was a o..n councilman . . . H.C.Clark, town c le rk . . . Mrs. W.0 .Coleman, w ne o f the g u e r illa leader . . . Samuel and Grundy Lester, re s p e c tiv e ly fa th er-in -la w and brother-in-law o f Coleman. . . . . A l l o f these were o f "known secession p r o c liv it ie s " , and were confined in th e ir own homes under m ilita r y arrest# The General Elections_of November^l862.- The general e le c tio n fo r choice o f county. state, and congre sio n a l o f f i c i a l s was set fo r Tuesday, November 4,1862* As e a r ly asJuly/ the County Court had designated the several voting precincts over the county. This once, we choose to l i s t them: F ir 3t_pre£inct: HAWFTN3 TCFVHSHEP (north o f St.James) . ./Vote at A.S.Doty home..Judges were A.S.Doty,". .Anderson Glen .. John Devault . • . house. Judges: G.W.Martin,John Perry, George L e t t ........... LITTLE .I ila f TG;.TJShlP. Vote at W.C.York's home. Judges: Tom C.Harrison, S.J.Hawkins, A.E.Buchanan....

ROLLA TO/JN3HIP: Vote at Court House. Judges: E lija h Perry, H.a.^addy.

TOWNSHIP: Vote at Wm. Arthur residen ce. Judges: James Deem » ° i'la /n ” * * ,* * „ RELEE TG'/NSHIP: Vote at home o f Mrs. Edgar. Judges: George SaLi.y, Jo aw , Dr. Robert Cwvan..........MASSEY TCPNSHIP: P re c in c t_ l: Vote at M.C.Hale house. Judg-s. a -p q shoe mate Precin ct 2: Vote a t home o f la te James# 0 Neal, Ashe. buidretfV Adams, R#b*onoema.Le# * * # „ T mA-iTruTp. ai fred Huffman Hollow. - Judges: Wm. Keepers, John McDole, John Grant. GRwET, TO.iNoHIP. A lfred Huflman w, V --- ----- 7 house. Jud - Bvan Morris, Wm. Hood, Samuel Fur Candidates fo r county o ffic e s seem not to have s tirre d up mch interest. Not so however, T o r offices of State Representative from Phelps county and State Senator.

t o r T d nS i ^ ^ P e S r y 0S P W p s T m ^ Representative. Both ,er= Unionists. Opposed to/*t£%orge F. Harrington, a "known secessionist". FrosJ had no opposition, stranve as i t would seem, both "sides" met together in a tern p o litic a l

d “ 2Sfs walker led m une s ^ H issu es. To endorse, or not, to endorse,

t'n« emancipation o f slaves as suggested by pne eifcnoj.ptxox^i President Lincoln seems to have been the chief Issue. the George F. Harrington followed Walker, and notly p

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Jan 31,1967

___ only two persons, one o f whom was a

customary secessio n ist views Ion that issue. He denounced th and the action i t had taken .1He personally lambasted the previous s was vig o ro u sly applauded by./, colleagu e, James Chauvin, a R oila attorney.

E lija h Perry follow ed Harrington, his opponent, and stated what was true that Harrington had not en ro lled , as required-,in the Missouri Enrolled M ilitia jr and that on May 7,1861, he had worn the ro s e tte o f the secession ists.

The sensational speech o f the evening was d elivered by Col. John M. Glover, the R o ila Post Commandant, who l i t e r a l l y wiped the flo o r with ,'arringtcn. He said that Harrington hada much b e tte r chance o f going to the p en iten tiary than to the L eg is la tu re as Phelps County rep resen ta tive. And i f he DID happen to win, Glover would gather togeth er enough evidence to throw Karringtan^out o f any o ffic e he were e le c te d to . The audience cheered Col. Glover to the - while Messrs. Harrington, W illiam s, and Chamvin took th e ir hats and departed.

Harrington was handed a personal l e t t e r o f warning by Col. Glover, so took i t t o heart and withdrew from the race.

When e le c tio n returns were t a l l i e d , the res u lt was as fo llo w s : For Congress: Henry Blow, 241 votes .4 . A llen 118 . . . Nelson 3* Blow e led ted .

Qf. ite R epresen tative: Perry 213 (e le c te d ) . . . Harrington 112 ( c h ie fly 3t.James) County Court: Hutchinson,247 ..M orris 158 ..Love 88 ..JH Perry 60. (1st 2 elected S h e r iff: John Dunivin,219 (e le c te d ) . . Ray, 80 .. Wilson, 39Coroner, John M. Dunivin v to Greene county, Col. 5 H.Boyd won over veteran John S. Phelps.

With these c i v i l governmental a ffa ir s thus reviewed fo r 1862, l e t U3 turn now to the le s s e x c itin g items that describe normal conditions in a town not war-torn.

Lincoln' spr£lim inary lman£i£ajbion_Pr0£lam ation. - As e a rly as July, 1362, President Lincoln had w ritten a preliminayy version o f his Emancipation Proclamation., and had shown i t to h is cabinet. By Sept. 22 he had made up his mind to announce . that a l l slaves in areas then in r e b e llio n were to be declared fr e e . This was the basis o f the M issouri issue in the Wovember e le c t io n ,1362. The f i n a l proclamat i on was to be issued on January 1, 1863.

— gin f- V*3 Vj ti'tM n

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1,1967.

is uOLjioTiU AFFAXRo Xi» itC H olla Businesses of 1862. ^Old__To^vri arid Nevj Town,- For some time the area the Court House, centered about 4th and Main s tre e ts , VJas c a lle d ?,QLd To.vn” . ire were the business stores o f Che shine M ille r , L.H. Gr e on ?r ank Deegan, and John B utler, a l l s e llin g drjr goods or groceries or both. B u tler’ s place was Knov;n as the "Red S to r e ". I t was ju st to the west o f the angle at 6th and State stre e ts , next west o f the H olla Express o f f i c e , which at the tin e was in the Joseph Campbell house immediately at that s tre e t an gle. B u tler’ s store was notable in that i t s operator, John B u tler, was id e n t ifie d with the huge Butler Bros, store in S t.Lou is.

H o lla 's "New Town” was the area west from the ra ilro a d to R o lla s tre e t, and between 7th and 3th"‘ s tr e e ts . Here were the] e a r lie s t ^two/ stores - Faulkner <1 Graves and Campbell & Co. - both now used as army commissary headquarters. Here, next to the r a ilro a d , ju st south o f 3th s tr e e t, _ .

MaEliianey, of S p rin gfield ,- b u ilt a far-1 store e s p e c ia lly handling iron goods. C h estin & cp ller had a store ton south, wes, ^fch§Eo f the ra ilro a d but near 7th s tr e e t. P.T/Metler had a "r e tr e a t" or saloon on north side o f 3th, west o f Faulkner & Graves. This was ca lled the "Arcade". 3 .V,'.Harding o-„ned the block bounded by 8th and 9th, Fine and R olla s tre e ts - and in, i t had h is ____ ______ 1Harding block Uii= ho] 3ow" ^and a general ■in oaVerT I :iin, the store ,| — On ----8tn,, — nor*tn M l Jtice cream and lemonade. Daniel the . *1 ?—1 _ -stand, J- 1 L____ ylor opened a bock and news served W. J.C. -C-J- '-’X -3, OKU ---- ------ » —— , . , .. . , I— Chamberlain opened a picture g a lle r y opposite the depot - p o ssib ly on the lo t where his la t e r stone house stands yet - southeast corner 6th and O live sre-ets. He made xhntKSxzxhxz ,fsuperd pictu res, ju st lik e nature".

'O ver in Old Town, in the Masonic H a ll, Dr. VMG.Harrison and Henry Webster had t h e ir d ru g’ sto re. The veteran doctor, E. E. Robber son, o f S p rin g fie ld , w ith a young partner named Smith, opened a second drug store - perhaps in the long-tim e stand at southeast corner o f 3th and Pine s tr e e ts . Also in Old Town was the meat market operated by J.S.Shute - thought to have been at northwest corner 4th & Main. ^ As fo r h o te ls , these were mostly clustered about 4th ana Min s tre e ts , in Old. ’ own. Here were the R o lla (Dunivin) H otel, the Pennsylvania House, the John V.Vcber - A t s i. Lamb’ s H otel was in the E.W.Bishop mansion, block bounded by Main ana State, 7th and 8th s tr e e ts . T iffa n y House was the second west from Main s tree t on south side o f 4th. . . . There were s t i l l other businesses, but these were the p r in c ip a l. . ones, and w i ll serve as samples. , TT ; P ro fessio n a l Men, 1362.- H o lla ’ s lawyers o f 1862 included George Ha.-ington, -James _7 Chiuvin, E lija h Perry, W illiam G. Pomeroy, Edw. A. Seay, Samuel G. W illiam s, and a few others. The p ra cticin g doctors were J*J.Hudspeth, J._.ThraxlkilJL, 3. Hove? dentist. James Dyer was the town barber. John G. Myers sold and repaired clocks and watches, dispensed jewelry. Daniels & McGee had the liv e ry sta oie.

J.V . Garber e was carpenter, made c o f fin e and fu rn itu re, sold trunks, omits & Stone had a blacksmith shop. L.A.W ilson and T.L.E ayly had the town’ s th ird drug sto re.

- 3 'lit''he 11 was the daguerrotype man. And Allen P. Ricnardson with partner” - ‘ -4rd L Kihg (headquartered in J e f f . .City,!,made c o lle c tio n s and d ea lt m land sales B h ^ d e t a i l s m y be^ound in Gcodspeed’ s 1333 H istory o f Missouri and Phelps County.

R o lla Town S ch ools.- A vailable records seem t o in d ica te that there was no public I c h o o liH R olla during 1362, although there was a " v illa g e school taught ry T “ r7 —B errv which on June 16,1862 was taken over by her successor r j s R T.i^thim .

A urivat^ school ” fo r females” was advertised to open on Aprxl <ii, 1qo2> t h f t k i i t i i M i l 1f e e o . e t A X o k "o ve r T h ^ i l i d l i - . Drug s ta re ", in the old Hasonio b u ild in g, northeast corner^tth snd^liain. Fees tor „ U P “M a M S M S e s M e M to be 53.00 f t an eleven seek te ra For interm ediate branches, P qS For higher branches, English, 55.00. German, oraumg, embroidery, 85.90.

0 4 .4 -n A r.h o o l H rO D C S e d tO . r o t A *U' I5s*1C^ M , ofr» Michigan , y_- M ___ State s Matthews > graduate’ Normal School, proposed to H s ox ic.aF 1 ^ e T a T i k L ^ s c h o o l ^ tke^same place. There is no concrete evidence that either ever opened — though tney may have.

1st 11:15 AM Pah 1,'67

- 47 -

Rolls ’ ch Items. 1362.-Immoral H o lla .- In no -stakable terms. H o lla 's news e d ito r proclaimed R o lla as a very e v i l town as of 1861-63. He said that R olla was permeated w ith "the necessary e v ils o f war", including liq u or, gambling, women, "and a l l those things that la y waste to a l l that is good." . . To quote, he said" Surely a great r e v iv a l must take place in R o lla soon. R elig ion , education, a l l that makes beings h ppy, virtuous, industrious, have been la id aside by ungodly people who la y ar; und dram shops and drink liq u id f i r e .

0 that a flaming two-edged sword might sever the d e v il and h is eraraisaries from a w ould-be-religious people" (end qu ote).

The ^th olic_C h u rch ,_R olla _^ s_F irst.- S t. P a tric k 's Catholic Church, s t i l l standing in 1967 ( now used by the C hristian S c ie n tis ts ) was under construction and i t s corner stone la id on June 21 . 1862. I t was "bub a few steps from the Rolla Express o f f i c e " , then at the s tre e t angle a t 6th and S ta te. L.dies o f the Catholic church were a c tiv e in ra is in g necessary construction funds - one of th e ir events being a Grand B a ll, held on December 17,1862.

Cumberland__Pre_sbvt_erian Minist£r_Preachej3.- On Mgty 24th, 1862, i t was adver­ tis e d that "Abraham Johnson will preach at the Court House next Sunday, May 25,1862".

Abraham was the brother of the "-ardent secession ist, Mis cal Johnson - and both were sons o f Thomas Johnson, who w ith fam ily liv e d on the Gasconade r iv e r a short distance above today's Highway 63 Gasconade b rid ge. M iscal chose to be a Free Methodist.

I n i t i a l A c t iv it ie s _ o f Methodistj Church. - We have mentioned the Methodist preaching o f Rev. Stanford Ing, who f i r s t held QSaSiiiSSS services in R o lla in I860, Union Army. During 1862 there held a commission as Major in ihen e n lis te d came to R o lla the A lb ert Sydney Long fam ily from Maranee Iron Works. They and a few other Methodists took the lead in what now fo llo w s . The story o f R o lla Methodism is presented in great d e t a il in the "Mann H istory o f R olla Methodist Church, 1956", so we elim in ate as much d e t a il as may be here.

As o f A p r il 27th, 1862, we note that Rev. F. -S. Beggs freld one of his f i r s t Methodist services at the Court House. He presen tly organized the Rolla (North) Metho­ d is t church corporation, and became the church's f i r s t pastor. On June 28, i t was announced that Mr. E.W.Bishop had donated two c i t y lo t s as a bu ildin g s ite fo r the Methodist church. They were the-east h a lf o f the block bounded by 3th and 9th, Main and Park s tr e e ts . The town e d ito r said that many townsmen would g la d ly contribute, Were such a church r e a lly to be establisn ed. .. . . A s of the same date, a R olla Sunday School had been established, under charge o f the Methodists ( es­ p e c ia lly the A .S . Longs), but was open to members o f a l l denomina: ions. I t had a good lib r a r y of books - and i t was b e tte r fo r the boys and g ir ls of town to attend i t than to run loose on the w ild and d ir t y s tre e ts .

The actu al church bu ildin g was commenced in 1863, a ft e r a R -v ._ Smith JSf a Methodist o f f i c i a l from St. Louis, had v is it e d R o lla and made a survey o f the. premises and p o s s ib ilit ie s . Rev. Robert W itten then, in 1863, came as pastor to r e lie v e the Rev. Vfau S e lle r s , whom we have mentioned in previous pages as the man who had been tarred and feath ered .b efore coming to R olla as the church's second pastor.

The United States M ails And R olla Post O ff ic e . - In previous pages we have ”T^3d hs VariG\_l3 r iir s i CQclXl VCU-t^ ..that ^ndnated from Jefferson C ity, R olla vOfiui act L i t t l e Piney, and elsewhere. Now, aS 5oL, ^ii«j ! pOoua_L aiai^nori txes , — Y«pk. and / .

Hudson J fO jS ^ ^ S H g fe t w e e n R o lla with Messrs. R.M.Case, Wm. 0 and

The exact lo ca tip n o f the post o f f i c e as of th is date i s uncertain.

- 18 b 1,1967.

Noon.

r*e3^T'"1C"L» on or th is paper and i t s C iv il War period.

in previous career. We

ges v;e have given a partial duO a few f i n a l items fo r the

4 ..

F° r ®aae time» u? to issue of May 10,1362 (Vol. .2,No.31), the Express had issued on „cnaay. I t now ( May, 10 ) reverted to i t s former p ra ctice oj LOoU._Lli.Sf on oaturdavs, Henry_Lick joined O.P.Walker as ed ito r, as C.P.W was very busy with nis m ilita r y a c t i v i t i e s .

As o f Uov. 8, IS 62 ( Vol^3, No. 4r -Ltfcg e d i t o rsaid that-here ter the p^per would oe printed on a single/sheet o n ly ^ a 2-o a le eS itioh '~ “ -TVn^ sty le was changed. “r : 01 Saturday, Oco. 13, Vblume 2 had ended, and th is issue i s V ol. 3 Ho 1 raper was s t x l l a 4-page a f f a ir - 4 pages each 12x18 inches, 5 columns per page. . ^D®ceniber 27 (V o l. 3, No. 10 ) , the ed ito r said that the paper was not paying in d o lla r s -was dying fo r want o f public support. Frau now on, i t w i l l issue “3 a 3^ S l e sheet 12x13 inches, printed both sid es. That is what i t did. In that xorm, i t carried almost e x c lu s iv e ly necessary le g a l and m ilita r y notices - the issues were crowded w ith them from now to the end.

As o f March, 1863, i t s shop was r t - - a lroia ° th 3X1(1 State to the second story o f Greenbaum*s saloon, north side OI OL£ s tr e e t, near the ra ilro a d sta tio n . This could have been the old Arcade bldg.

The la s t a v a ila b le issue was that o f Saturday, May 9,1 >£3 - s t i l l a sin gle sheet 12x18 inches, 5-column, printed both sides. , f*0: a lifta-l C iv il War record, the Express reappeared as V ol. 5, apparently r e h a b ilita te d in January o f 186 5. The only issue at hand i s that of July 31 1865 which i s la b eled V o l. 5, No. 30. This would make i t appear that V o l. 5, No. 1 was * printed in January, I 865, e ith e r on the 2nd or 9th. Also that M ere had been a volume 4, f o r the year I 864. We have been unable to loca te any o f the 1364 issues or any other than the July 31st issue o f 1865.1* So we re s t the "Express" u n til again revived during the 1366-1890 period, .

3,sllspe_ous_Local_I_tems_F^r_18^62. - Curing July, sanitary conditions laimed e d it o r ia l in t e r e s t. Dead hogs and dogs la id around in side town, became an odiferous nuisance Must be abated. But the weather was dry - and th ir s ty people ar.a s o ld ie rs throng/about the Dunivin-V/ebber d r ille d w e ll near 4th and Main stre e ts .

A p u b lic wellw_as_bsing_dug at 8th and Walnut s tre e ts . This had been dug to depth o f 14 f e e t - probably one o f the many m ilit a r y w ells o f i t s kin d.in the area.

In February, the telegraph lin e from 3 t. Louis was being extended to Lebanon to servs m ilit a r y purposes. In A p r il, the ropes on the t a l l fla g p o le la d again * ceen cut by some d is lo y a l person. H.C.Bohlman climbed the 120 f t . * pole, using stagin g and platform s. He. did i t in 4 hours......... in Lay, Eost Commandant S.H.Boyd had the l i t t l e army Cemetery enclosed with a fence, b u ilt by carpenter Geo. C.See. i t was and^i-s in the southeast corner of the old H olla Cemetery. . . . I n June a';;,, w e r n n c wxua^soorm hat tne town, r a is in g huge dust clouds from the worn c it y stree ts and roads. Just a l i t t l e la t e r , a sim ilar wind sto.m, but with ra in and h a il, unroof number o f bu ildin gs. ~ D.3 .Government considered the question of p o s s ib ly extending the r a ilro a d from Ro^l^ to S p rin g fie ld , so as to more r e a d ily ^ n ^ r iB 'p o r z i ^2.~ r . r ^ o e x is ij.uch. \iB2.gnz is giLvin z o tb.3 c o i p d .c n o f Qon 3 -;r?T r Cuirtl.j • The d ecision Was n e g a tiv e ....

A published tim etable stated that tra in s to R 11a from S t. Louis l e f t Shatouis 2t 3:30 A. m I — a rrived it' ■ P a c ific at 10:35 A.M., l e f t fo r H olla at 10:50, arrived The return was m& e lea vin g H olla a t 9:45 a rriv in g P a c ific ufw QOC T A J A?« 1., le .ving fo r St.Lou is at 4:24 P .li., and a rr iv in g S t.L o i i s 6:25 P.M. Conductors Curry and A lle n were h ig h ly commended by Editor Walker, as was Suot-. McKissock, manager o f the road. The tra in mentioned was an "accomodation" - a fr e ig h t w ith passenger coach attached. The track gauge at th is time, and u n til 1969 was 5 f t . 6 inches, not the modern 4 f t . 8g inches.

- 49 Sat Feb 4,1967 Begin 10:00 AM CONTIBUAnCg 0F_1862 MILITARY_AFFAlRS event sUf S*" In Previous PaSes * * havementioned n a tio n a l' event* and c a ttle s down to the la s t of July, 1862. M e may now add the following* august 30,18o2, Second B a ttle o f B u ll Run. A Union d e fe a t .. .Sept. 22, B attle o f -t ii»'drar* D l o ?dxf s^ b a ttle o f the war........Oct. 4, Rosecran, defeats VanDorn l l k ^ T *ttm ^ % Si f Pi# n V1Ct0ry‘ •** Dec* 7> B attle P r a ir ie Grove, northwest ; Urn-on v ic to r y . . . . Dec. 13, Union army under Burnside loses at B a ttle o f H S 1 T g' I * ;* .\ ? e c » 25» 1862> Col. John B. Wyman, o f l 3th I l l i n o i s regiment, S f-?lle advance against Vicksburg from Yazoo r iv e r and Chickasaw n iu iis . F in a lly .. ..L in c o ln 's Emancipation Proclamation, Jan. 1,1S63. t , n l h£_MilS£uri Enrolled M i l i t i a . - In July, 1862, by Order No. 19, the then Brig.Gen. John w. S ch ofield announced the creation o f the Missouri Enrolled M ilit ia , authorized oy naoional congressional le g is la t io n . There had been so many g u e r illa raids and a tr o c itie s that some kind o f a state-wide home-guard organization seemed necessary. a j i -j-on, G en era l-in -ch ief H alleckf in Washingt o n f was constantly demanding that a l l possible recru ited regiments-be sent east or ^hererer else he f e l t the need was paramount. These en rolled m ilitiam en would adequately defend Missouri, perm itting fe d e ra l troops stationed in Missouri to be moved elsewhere. . . .Another goal was to put a la b e l on every able-bodied man in the State, thus making i t possible to keen a v ig ila n t eye on him. ^

The Enrolled M ilit ia regulations required every able-bodied man in the State b° S° to the nearest m ilita r y post and report__for_duty. Each man was to bring along whatever arms or mmunition he might have - and, i f possible, a good horse. At R o lla the post commandant, ■Col. John M. Glover, of the 3rd Missouri Cavalry, had the order * repeated in newspaper columns; _ .

To care fo r the R olla D is t r ic t enrollments, these M.E.M. appoint -.ents were made: maj. John N.. Etheridge, Asst. Adjt.Gen. ...M a j. Chas. p. Walker (R o lla Express e d it o r ) Aid de Camp (R o lla ) ...Quarterm aster, Maj. Edmund W. Bishop ( founderof R o lla ) . . .

Brigade Commissary, Ebenezer G. Morse, of H o lla 's f i r s t toXn council . . . . A i d de Camp, ' Capt.^H.K. Latham. . . . Major Walker was designated as Provost Marshal fo r the R olla** D is tr ic t, Latham as superintendent o f enrollments. No wonder the R olla Express languished and discontinued in May o f 1863 i A l l males in Phelps County were required to report and e n r o ll at the Court House,Rolla, where they were organized in to designated companies o f the Missouri En­ r o lle d M ilit ia . I t was ordered that these companies must d r i l l on Saturdays. They would be fin ed i f absent from d r i l l . The uniform o f the M.E.M. was a “white band * around the h at", which must be worn by a l l . A l l en ro llees were required to carry a properly c e rtifie d ^ c a rd o f enrollment, and were arrested and fin ed i f they did not.

On Sept. 6th, 1862, i t was reported that in the R olla D is tr ic t, and including S p rin g fie ld , some 49 companies of M.E.M. , had been en ro lled . Of these, 1 1 had been taken in a t R o lla . Over the State, some 31,000 were eventu ally en rolled , ta ll, in a wide area south o f the M is s o u r ^ e r e armed and o u tfitte d a t R o lls 4 ?By o rd e r"o f’ On numbers ^occasions, these M.E.M. companies were ca lled up to do actual b a ttle , out s t r i c t l y in side bounds o f M issouri. .Seme did as w e ll in combat as did regularlyrecru ited volunteer regiments. In an instance or two, whole companies mutinied or deserted. I t was charged that many o f the en ro llees were secession, minded, and f o r b e tte r or worse had been armed by the S ta te. One w rite r said that most o f these men were o f the la zy , worthless stratum o f Missouri manhood - which was c e r ta in ly not tru e. The plan proved to be w e ll worth k h ile — but a sandburr /around the neck o f Governor Gamble and Generals Curtis and S ch o field . c o lla r Re£ular Re£ruits_For_United States_Army.- Aside from the Enrolled M ilit ia , there was a continual recruitment of Misscuri~volunteer regiments - not only in R o lla, but elsewhere in the S ta te . A post-war record Showed that Missouri had-contributed scrae 199,111 troops o f th is kind, and wa3 thus 5th among the Unionist sta te s.

(NY 467,047— Pa 366,107— Ohio 319,659— I llin o is 'A 5 9 ,147— Mo. 199,111-Ind. 197,147Mass. 152 , 648. These the only states contributing 100,000 or m ore).

At H olla, the Rev. Stanford Ing, no?; commissioned a major, recruited, a b a tta lion .

The tv.>on e d ito r said that th is p a rtic u la r leader and b a tta lion should be kept in Roily., because Rev, Ing was one o f the best of scouts. ...L ie u t Horace Wilcox, coming to R o lla to re c ru it men fo r a regiment being organized by Col.Florence Cornyn, , got tne re c ru its , then stayed on in R o lla as a permanent resident - la te r to ed it the R o lla Express. . . . A notable regiment, the "Pioneers" or 32nd Missouri regiment, was recru ited by S ta te ’ s Attorney Henry G. ’/Jarmoth, o f the 18th (R o lla ) D is tr ic t C irc u it Court. His men came from the f iv e R o lla D is tr ic t counties of Phelps, Dent, Texas, Pulaski, and Crawford — with a few. from elsewhere. That regiment l e f t St.Louis fo r Helena, Arkansas, on December 17,1862. . . . But who would ever have guessed that B rig . Gen. Henry Warmouth would very soon become the m ilita ry governor of the State o f Louisiana 1 1 . . . He d id .

The R olla Pqst_Commandants. - As the Wyman 13th 111. Regiment l e f t Rolla. on March 6, 1362, the o f fic e of R o lla Post Commandant was assumed by Col. Sempronius H* Boyd., o f S p rin g fie ld . He would soon be elected to Congress from that area in place o f the illu s t r io u s future governor, John S. Phelps. Boyd's regiment had been camped at the future s it e o f the Czark-Knotwell furnace, 3 m iles below Newburg. Boyd's provost marshal was W.R.English.........Following Boyd, the commandants changed so often as to make a d e ta ile d record ir r e le v a n t. They came and l e f t a fte r serving a mouth or so. We do, however, mention one of the most capable . . Col. John. M. Glover, who succeeded Boyd, and commanded the 3rd Missouri Cavalry, which would tales a promi­ nent part in Gen. S t e e l's advance on L i t t l e Rock, presen tly sketched. Glover was in R o lla u n t il some time in December o f 1362. His p rovist marshals were Major H.A. Gallup and _ .

Clark.

The S litor_S a ys BAnd_Still_They Cane_1"_(_More Organized Tr_oo£3) . - E specially dur~ ing the last, h a lf o f 1802 and f i r s t h a lf of 1363, divers organized U.S. troops came through R o lla . Some stayed on fa r a b r ie f time. Others stayed fo r a day or two, then departed. Present w riters nave/sometimes wondered how i t happened that an Indiana s o ld ie r s 's grave would be found somewhere down in Texas county, or an Ohio ooy out in the woods somewhere e ls e . What how fo llo w s gives an answer. Troops were here from most o f the middle S tates. Here i s a l i s t o f some o f the troops — not a l l by any means ~ that were thus in R olla, as indicated by long l i s t s o f Rolla Post Master records o f unclaimed le t t e r s : From Missouri : • lst-3rd -6th -8th -9th "Cavalry;... .Boyd's 24th and Wrrmoth's 32nd In fa n try ; .. . 1 s t Mo. L igh t A r t ille r y .

From Iowa: 1st, 4th, and 7th Iowa C a v a lr y ;... 19th-2Qth-22nd Volunteer in fa n try .

From I l l i n o i s : 10th-13th-14th-15th-3?th-94th-9?th Volunteers. 36th In fa n try & Cavalry.

From Kansas: lst-2n d-IG th -Ilth-13'th Volunteers.

From Ohio: 25th Ohio B attery ( A r t i l l e r y ) .

From'Wisconsin: 9th and 20th Volunteers Hrcm Indianai 26th Volunteers and Rabb's Indiana B attery ( a r t i l l e r y ) .

Many of these units were in Gen. Francis. F. Herron's army at the b a ttle of P r a ir ie Grove, Dec. 7,1862. His was the 1st Iowa Cavalry, a 1,200 man u n it. As I t came to R o lla fo llo w in g P r a ir ie Grove b a ttle , the regiment had only SIX men on the sick l i s t - a r e a l record ......... We c e r ta in ly know we have l e f t out o f hhe above l i s t numbers of other regiments that should have been included.

£ 5 ^ Ed 2 11:45 AM Feb 4'67

- 51 -

irU- BAixIM Ox1 p-j-,IRIE GHQV4. A £ @ 1 9 i/tems that precede Grove are these: Follow ing th eir defeat at r ea Ridge, March 8,1862, Gens. Earl Van Dorn and S te r lin g P rice went to the Shiloh-Corinth area of Tennessee and M ississip p i.

Gen. Curtis, as already stated, divided his army, part crossed south Missouri and* the M ississip p i, went to the same area as Van Dorn and Price had. Curtis, with the Wyman 13th 111. regiment, led his contingent across north Arkansas, but was g re a tly hampered and harrassed by the polluted and even poisoned watering places ordered so treated by Gen. Thomas C. Hindman, the Confederate commander who had taken over the Confederate fo rces then l e f t in Arkansas.

The Curtis "Army o f the Southwest" reached Helena, Ark., on July 14th,1862.

The Department o f the M issouri, over which Gen. Halleck presided u n til going to Washington as G en eral-in -ch ief on July 11,1862, was already p a r tia lly under command o f Gen.Curtis. On Oct. _____he resigned command o f the Southwest Army, was succeeded oy Gen Eugene Carr, and assumed command, o f the Department o f the Missouri S t. Louis on Oct. _____ , 1862.

The abandonment o f southwest Missouri and northwest Arkansas, except fo r nominal garrisons at F a y e tt e v ille ahd S p rin g fie ld , l e f t a sort o f vaccuum in those areas.

Here, Hindman thought, was another chance to invade Missouri - and he took advantage o f i t . He assembled a Confederate army of some 25,000 men, and headed fo r F a y e tte v ille .

Meantime, a Kansas army under Gen. James Blunt had been campaigning in th is area, and in Indian T e r rito r y . The Blunt and Hindman troops had a prelim inary skirmish in November, but the main b a ttle did not develops u n til December 7th. I t was fought at a place va riou sly c a lled "Cane H ill" or "P r a ir ie Ridge". Cane H i l l was a high f l a t rid ge some 5 m iles wide, 8 m iles long, ju st outside the north edge o f the Boston mountains. I t was some 45 m iles north o f Van Buren,Ark. - 12 miles nearly, due.southwest from F a y e tt e v ille . Here Blunt’ s Union army o f :some 8,000 man and Hindman’ s "force of 25,000 came face to fa ce. M a n ifestly Blunt couldn’ t hope to whip such a super i o r ■fo rc e. so he fr a n t ic a lly summoned troops under Gen Francis J. Herron, encamped .pear'' S p rin g fie ld , Mo., j“at Wilson [s Creek j to his a id . Herron march h is army the 110 miles in 4 days.

Hindman, learning o f Herron's approach, decided to defeat him before b a ttlin g f w ith Blunt. He hoped to destroy Herron f i r s t , Blunt secondly. But his plan fa ile d [ to work. He was caught between the two Union armies, and with [a r t ille r y managed to get away the night o f the 7th, having lo s t the b a ttle and being/foxlfed* . " in h is e f f o r t to invade M issouri. However, he promptly conjured up other plans and proceeded to t r y them out. He would send Gen. Marraaduke to capture S p rin g fie ld .

Ba^tle£ of_Sor2^£field_and_Har-t v i l i e . - As indicated, Gen. Hindman*s reverses P r a ir ie Grove did not dampen h is resolve to get in to southwest Missouri, or southeast.

M issouri, or even fa rth e r north in M issouri. And so, when b a ttle damages had been s u ffic ie n t ly repaired, Hindman sent B rig . Gen. John S. Ilarcaduke,Jr. ( a future gover­ nor of Missouri ) with a fo rc e of 5 ,0 0 0 picked and mounted infantrymen to attempt a capture o f S p rin g fie ld . The Union garrison there, of some 2,100 men, commanded;

by Brig.Gen, Egbert B. Brown, had two non-de-script fo r t s , two rusted iro n cannon and two o f b ra ss.. Tilth these 'forces, they res isted Marmaduke1s '5,000 men fo r th irteen ' hours,—a ft e r which Marmaduke b elieved he had done enough, and r e tir e d . Gen. Brown had received a serious wound, but recovered. I t was now January 8,1863.

Marmaduke next turned east fo r a t r y at H a r tv ille , Wright county, held by a r e l a t iv e ly weak Union garrison. He might, i f successful, go on to Rol l a . But the H a r t v ille garrison, rein forced from .Houston in the H olla M ilita r y D is t r ic t , gave, such determined resistan ce that Marmaduke, running low on ammunition, found i t expedient to g ive up. He r e tir e d to B a te s v ille , Ark., to res t and plan yet another jab at southern Missouri — th is time at the Iro n to n -P ilo t Knob area.

‘toon

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i the Frontier_Occupies R o lla .- Gen Herron, and his arxy re^rm ^d tiiwa.-.peu on the H rairie Grove b u tfcleiieId , and at ^ u yettevillo^ fo r 3erne^ tin e a ft e r the b a ttle . I t does seem strange that Marmaduke could have* so made ms S p rin gfieln 'CUiM H a r tv ille without interference- from He '-•von.

But that combined with a quarrel with Gen .S ch ofield , -who'was in »i iper command51 of nl «*► £& , spurred Herron to move his army to H olla. Herron 3 personally in 'r\f o Dn Aprxi. x 1 lo63, ana T* 1 he 2nd and 3rd d iv is io n ox his my encamped there by £X _L _ His <no. D ivision was enCa ped at 5if5Camp Totten15, at the f i r s t crossing o f L it tl< * --‘Mf eut Ox ^soutia.est irom) R o lla — as we b e lie v e at the Zimmerman crossing h y~. O' r •'cicn 24, Township 36-9. Kis f i r s t d iv is io n was divided - h a lf o f i t going viith.

Gen Blunt to Fort Scott , Kansas - the other under C o l.T ier l e f t near T e llv ille ,A r k , Herron person ally remained in R o lla from A p r il 1 lupe and was the im ?---Rg Ox f l e e r o f uhe R olla D is t r ic t during that time. From R o lla he directed the movements , o f the Army o f the Frontier, as we shall presen tly r e la te . His quarrel with Gen S ch ofield , commanding the Department o f the Missouri, including Herron’ s army, came to a head when S ch ofield , only a b rig a d ier general, was placed over-Herron a major general, on Kay 25th. Herron had superseded Schofield as commander■of the .n.my o f the F ro n tier. Now, Herron, again under command of .Schofield, stamped his fe e t and wrote Washington that fce wouldn’ t serve unde?* S ch ofield . Washinrt [ten :o x i tf« on he was insubordinate, to. co o l down arid ’'keep his sh irt on” , S chofield p re sen tly and t a c t f u lly to ld Herron he could go, with his troops, to rein force Grant at Vicksburg - and Herron so moved. He l e f t R o lla about June 2,1363, with the la s t regiments o f his army.

Marmaduke* s Southeast Mi£Souri_Invasion,„A£ril_20-M aj 1,1363• - From H a rtv ille and Bates v i l l e (A rk), Marmaduke proceeded to Pocahontas, a fa v o r ite Confederate camping spot, on the Eleven Point r iv e r . Gen. ^rmaduke has l e f t us an in te re s tin g sketch o f h is plans fo r th is raid , and the manner in which he carried i t out. / War Re v . 32, pp.,-285-233/ His forces numbered about 5, COO. Of these, 1,200 were unarmed.

A l l but 900 were mounted. He hoped to arm the 1,200 with gur*d he would take from defeated U nionists. He had ten cannon. For the most part, his men carried shot guos d esira b le r i f l e and fowling A Thrust A t_R olla_Is Planned_.- Marmaduke at f i r s t planned to get to Rolla,througl Houston and Lick in g. However, thanks to the g u e r illa operations o f the former Rolla resid en ts, Cols, Thomas- R. Freeman, J.S.Schnable, and W.0.Coleman and Henry Andrae, a l l the area throughout'south cen tral Missouri - counties o f Tdxas, Dent, Shannon, Reynolds, Douglas, Howell, Ozark, Oregon, Carter, and R ip ley had been so thoroughly plundered and stripped o f provisions and supplies that might be foraged to supply his troops that Marmaduke concluded that the desired thrust at R o lla was im possible.

Plans, Changed To_Hcad fo r Lcouton A re s .- Since the R olla thrust-was thus found to be inexpedient, armaduke now planned to get to the Iro n to n -P ilo t Knob area o f southeast M issouri. He would capture Gen McNeil* s forces at Bloom field, and go to Ironton by way o f today* s towns o f Doniphan, E lsinore, Piedmont, to Fredericktown, and thence to Ironton. Not in one column only, but in severa l.

The expedition was under way by A p r il 20th, and by the 22nd had reached Fredericktown. Joe Shelby was along. The Confederates managed to gat to the Iron Mountain' erf*.<5, _C4 O .a n ^ 0 r > i 4 u.iere to ou _ on-: .;hr*i . f! — — I t Wc then/that Gen Herron, at R o lla , sent his 2nd D ivision from Rolla t o C e n te rv ille and Ironton* Marmaduke had to r e t ir e - but f i r s t he went a ft e r Gen McNeil, who had r e tir e d from Bloom field to Cape Girardeau. -Marmaduke thought he could e a s ily dispose o f PiclJsil - but he reckoned erroneously - fo r Herron* s 2nd D ivision, under command o f Gen. _ .

Vane ever, came in behind Marmaduke on the west side - while -McNeil, re in fo r­ ced by troops sent doen the M ississip p i to Marmaduke1s east side, made ready fo r b a t t le . Thus trapped between two superior fo rc es , Marmaduke threw in the sponge.

His second thrust at Missouri was a fa ilu r e . Hg^’as lucky, indeed, to escape from the McNeil-Vandever pursuit - b a ttlin g them afc/ehalk B luff, crossing of Castor r iv e r , fin a lly 'c r o s s in g the St,Francis r iv e r near the Missouri-Arkansas lin e .

Thence he went to Jacksonport, on the Wijite r iv e r in Arkansas, close beside the town o f Newport.

Here he wrote, on May 20th, his report o f ,the raid - .which had p ro fite d him ana the Confederacy but very l i t t l e .

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12:50 PM Feb 4*67 As fo r Herron, his forces now joined those of Gen. U.S. Grant in the siege o f Vicksburg. And there is where we take leave of Gen Herron. /

For accounts o f th is whole campaign, see War Records Vol.33, the f i r s t 300 pp/

A Look_At Relevant_N£tional Events^ 1863^- At this point we need to take a look, at le a s t mention, a few o f the national events that were transpiring, and in some measure At le a s t a ffe c te d R o lla 's h is to ry . Sven w h ile th e Marmaduke raid on IroMigft a h d lP iln t KhbbyMblf was going on, A p r il 20-27, in southeast Missouri, Gen. Grant was making h is way down the west bank of the M ississip p i to his crossing at Rruinsburg, M ississip p i, on his march to the rear and east o f Vicksburg. ...H ere are ju st a few o f those relevan t events: Jan. 1,1863.- Lin coln ’ s Sahncipatioh Proclamation* Jan. 8 .— Marmaduke's b a ttle at S p rin g fie ld .

Dec. 31 (1862) and Jan 3,1863.- Rosecrans & Bragg fig h t at Murfreesboro,Term.

May 16, 1863.- Grant defeats Pemberton at Champion H ills,M iss.,b eh in d Vicksburg,.

May 22 .- Gbant begins siege o f Vicksburg June 25.— Union engineers explode mine under Confederate redoubt July 3 .- Union v ic to r y at Gettysburg.

July 4 .- Pemberton surrenders Vicksburg with 36, 000 men, July 9 . - Port Gibson, la s t Confederate garrison on M ississip p i rive r,ta k e n .

The M ississip p i i s now completely opened.

Sept. 2 0 .- B a ttle o f Chickamaiga ends in great Union army rout.

Sept. 22 to Oct, 26.” Joe Shelby's raid through western M issouri.

Oct. 17.- Grant made supreme army commander in the ’Test.

Nov. 1 9 .- L in c o ln 's Gettysburg Address.

Nov. 25,1863.- Great B a ttle of M issionary Ridge, Chattanooga,Tern. Great Union -v ic to ry . Union army rests at Chattanooga, Bragg re tre a ts in to Georgia.

On Deoa] S ch ofield assumed command in St.Lou is on May 25th, but in so doing in h e r ite d ^ bed o f sand burrs, rath er than one of roses. Grant had ju st crossed the M ississipp i, and was advancing t o the east and rear o f Vicksburg.

In making the appointment, Lincoln had person ally w ritten Schofield to say e x a c tly why he had removed Curtis, ancx warned. Scnofxelc to avoid ~oHo.vxng in uurtxs' fo o ts te p s . Lincoln tr ie d to make i t easy fo r Curtis, by saying that Curtis'nromoval was n eith er because Curtis had or had. not done his duty. I t was true th at Curtis had p e r s is te n tly and erroneously advocated invasion of Arkansas from southwest Mis­ souri, and had t r ie d out .that plan. I t was wrong strategy, and Curtis s t i l l advocated it.

The proper route, was up the Arkansas r i v e r . ....T h en , too, Curtis had dragged h is fe e t when Washington had ca lled on him fo r sending more Missouri troops to th is or that other quarter, where troops were more u rgently needed than in p is s o u r i.

However, the President said,,: the- rd a lje e a s M for, the' Gur^ia ^ismis.sal wad. because the lo y a l Unionists of M issouri'were sharply divided in to two quarreling camps,. One was led by Gov. Gamble o f Missouri - the other by Gen Curtis and a group ‘ r.MM rns p o litic ia n s , Lincoln was deeply annoyed by a l l th is , ana the constant od ambit-iouE ~ '' He couldn't remove Gov. he did with the hope o f m itig a tin g or sm’othering the quarrel, ana so ne m u spu Gen S ch ofield , & more conservative man than Curtis, to S t. Louis fo r a t r y at a peaceful settlem ent.

S ch ofield t r ie d - remained in command fo r 'seven months - then was alsj^ removed. He was replaced on Jan . 1864. b y Gen. W. S . Rosecrans, the Union leader whom eht Confederates defeated at Chicamauga on. Sept, 20th» ’ The Basis Of The Missouri Q u arrel.- The Unionists of M issouri at th is mime were, as we~have said, divided in to two^quarreling groups.' The one, c a lle d the "Claybanks" or " Conservatatives” , was led by Gov. Gamble. I t s opponents, the "Radicals" or

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"Charcoals", led by Curtis and his frien d s, the ambitious p o litic ia n s , accused the Gabble group o f being a "p ro -sla very p a rty ". This was because Gamble believed that residen t secessio n ists, not a c t iv e ly bearing arias, should be protected and not harrassed. The fin e s le v ie d against them - $5,000 fo r any c iv ilia n or Union so ld ier tilled'by bushwhacker gangs - should be dropped. The Missouri Enrolled M ilit ia , in to which many men had en rolled on condition th is m ilit ia should never be taken outside Missouri to fig h t , or be taken over in to .r e g u la rly organized Union troops, must be preserved in that status. ...T h e "R adical" group were of d ir e c t ly opposed views. Lincoln no more approved of Gov. Gamblef s position than he did that o f the Radicals, led by _ . Brake, la t e r so c lo s e ly connected with the "Drake" consitution o f M issouri, 1365.

As he said, he couldn't dismiss Gov. Gamble - but he_could dismiss Curtis - and so i t was done. .

Sc_oville_Plans_and_C^n__Frederick.Ste_ele_Etceoute_s Hove^On Li_ttle_R_ock.~ S c o v ille 1s plan to move on and capture L i t t l e Rock by way of the Arkansas V a lle y had to w ait u n t il Grant had taken Vicksburg. Then, jo in t ly with S chofield, Grant planned and aided in a L i t t l e Rock expedition led by Gen. Frederick S te e le , thus carrying out Washington's idea that th is was the proper route to be taken * In the meantime, Gen. James Blunt, with Kansas fo rces, had campaigned in Indian T e rrito ry , , and had occupied Ft. Smith on the Arkansas. He would jo in up with S teele when the la t t e r got to L i t t l e Rock.

S tee le l e f t Helena on August 10,1863, and wag in L i t t l e Rock on Sept.20th, ju st a month la t e r . With him was the 3rd Mo. Cavalry, led by Col. John M. Glover, who had been R o lla Dost Commandant. Steele went by way of Clarendon ana B rownsville. I t was hoped that th is would s e a l o f f Confederate invasions o f southwest Missouri - but that idea was soon exploded as Shelby made h is famous raid through western M issouri. As S teele entered L i t t l e Rock, the impending b a ttle of Chickamauga was about to begin, and end in d is a s te r fo r the Unionists.

Bushwhaoker t r i l l Burns and Sacks Lawren£eJLKansas.- In the ea rly morning o f August 21,1863, as SteeXe was advancing on L i t t l e Rock, the notorious Charles Quant r i l l with sane four or f iv e hundred bushwhackers and g u e rilla s pounced upon the defenseless Kansas town of Lawrence, and k ille d nearly a l l o f the male inhabitants.

Women and children were spared, but l e f t homeless and weeping as Q u a n trill's men set f i r e to most o f the homes and business blocks o f the town. He escaped without m olestation, but h is atrocious acts raised both lo c a l and national anger to a high pitch, and p recip ita ted Unionist wrath upon people o f the border area who had generously given Quantr3]3 and his men both aid and comfort in the past. Something had to be done, and that quickly.

S ch ofield , teaming up w ith Gen Thomas Ewing, jo in t ly devised a remedy. The several border counties next to the Kansas-Missouri lin e were made in to a special m ilita r y d is t r ic t , with Ewing in command. From i t every farmer or resident, with th e ir fa m ilie s , were ordered to leave the area, going to Kansas C ity or elsewhere.

Ewing wanted to go fu rth er and destroy a l l property in the area, but S chofield objected. The e je c tio n caused unutterable hardship, and so from those ejected Ewing and S ch ofield got p ltn ty o f curses. Because S ch ofield wouldn't allow Kansans • like. Jim Lane to cross over in to Missouri to hunt down and k i l l a l l sucn as Q uantrlli, S ch ofield drew th e ir imprecations a ls c .’ S ch ofield was now in l i t t l e b e tter position that^Curtis had been. Lincoln res is te d threats and appeals fo r removal o f S ch ofield fo r a time, but replaced S ch ofield with the defeated general W.S. Rosecrans on .1 8 6 4 ,- not, however b efore Shelby raided western Missouri, and added t o S ch ofield fa demerits because he allowed such a raid to happen.

Joe S helby's M issouri ^ id __o f OcR°t>er,_1863.- Once again southwest Missouri had no adequate Union” troon^ in i t to~prevent Confederate invasion. Seeing which, Price and Joe Shelby whipped.fa plan fo r the invasion of^area. Probably the Enrolled M i l i t i a wouldn't be able to do much about i t . So on Sept. 22,1863, Shelby l e f t Confederate headquarters in southwest Arkansas, and was soon at B entonville, in northwest Arkansas. From there he e a s ily made his way on a route passing through

- 55 3:00 FM F b 4 , 167 to 3: 50 Eli. thssouri towns o f P in e v ille , Neosho, Sarcoxie, G reenfield, Stockton, Humansville, Warsaw, Cole Camp, and Tipton, near where he ripped up the P a c ific ra ilroa d and burned the important Lamina B ridge. He was welcomed by secessionists at B oon ville.

But now the Unionists, led by Gen Egbert Brown, the hero of S p rin gfield , were on his t r a i l . They follow ed Shelby to Marshall, where a sharp b a ttle was fought.

In i t , Shelby lo s t Eds cannon, and learned that M s ammunition was about exhausted.

There was nothing e ls e to do but get out - and h e '^ g o t." ;He returned to Arkansas by way o f ¥aver ly, Warrensburg, Carthage, Kbytes v i l l e , Shelby,in th is raid , tra veled 1500 miles. He e ith e r used or destroyed &1,QOG,GOG worth o f supplies, ammunition, provision s. He destroyed 300 transprot wagons, destroyed ra ilro a d bridges and p ro p e rty w o rth ,$800,000, and did a l o t of other damage* He said he b elieved such a raid would hold within Missouri some 10,000 Union troops u rgently needed elsewhere. Either in coming or going, he crossed the S p rin gfield road to R o lla, and paused long enough to give thought to a v i s i t there - but gave i t up. Anyway, he said, he had caused the inhabitants and garrison at R olla to have a bad case o f h ysteria 1 / Shelby's own account o f Paid, W.Rec v.32 pp 670-679.leap / A ctiv_ity_In R olla La t_e_In IS 63. - Conditions in. R olla remained su bstantially the same fo r the balance o f 1363, a ft e r Herron's army l e f t in June. The Post Com­ mandant was B rig, Gen. Thomas Davies u n til re lie v e d and sent to Depart ent o f Kansas on February 17th, 1864. A ll through th is period the three or four'.forever R olla o f f i c i a l s or c itiz e n s £jj|jThomas R. Freeman, Col. J.A,S.eEin_able, Gol.W.O.Coleman kept up an almost continuous program o f raid in g toward.Houston,.

Saleau and .Rolla., Coleman, in p a rtic u la r, was assigned to raid and plunder the "mail stages' and wagon train s proceeding from R o lla e ith e r southwest to S p rin g fie ld , nrrsouth through Houston Single or groups of regiments continued to pass through R o lla, one way or another.

The County and C ircu it courts continued to function in a f a i r l y normal way. Records f a i l t o re v e a l what, i f anything, was done about a R o lla town government.

Bat_tle_of Mij5slonary_H±dgeii_ Chattanooga,__Tenn.- We may now close our account o f the I 863 year by mentioning the greataand d ecis ive b a ttle of Missionary Ridge, which freed the Union army from i t s siege by Confederate general : Bragg. 7 loung Phil ■ Sheridan had now blossomed in to a heroic general leading his bVave forces up the slope o f Missionary Ridge, there to dislodge Gen. Bragg and send him re e lin g in to distant areas o f Georgia, la te r to be driven on to Atlanta by G\n, Sherman's advance. \ Braxton ( Go t o next page ) .

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1 FM Tu Feb 7, ' 67 A Few Relevant ^National Events_Of 1864^- Some of the national events that hold at le a s t some in te r e s t in H o lla 's h is to ry are these: (1 ) Some measure of c i v i l government was re-established in Louisiana dnd Arkansas.

In Louisiana, the former R o lla residen t and b rig a d ier general o f the 32nd Mo. In fan try, Henry C. b’armoth, was appointed m ilita r y governor fo r Louisiana. In Arkansas, the future M issouri governor, Hon. John S. Phelps, fo r whom Phelps County was named, was made the governor fo r Arkansas. These appointments were sated March and i-tprxl*1864* (2 ) The doings o f L t. Gen. U.3 .Grant, who was made supreme commander o f the Union armies on March 12. On May 6th he waged the c a ttle o f the Waide me ss, in V irg in ia ; was defeated at Cold Harbor on June 3rd; but opened the siege o f Peters­ burg, next to Richmond, fo r the f i n a l round, on June 13th. He also directed that no important aggressive Union movement be made west o f the M ississipp i, no matter how great the n e c e s s ity because of Confederate action - because he had resolved t o " fig h t i t out on th is lin e i f i t takes a l l summer." For such reason, he caused Gen. .

Canby to r e t ir e from h is Texas campaign up the Red R iver. He needed a l l the troops he could get so ca lled fo r a l l possible regiments that Missouri could send him. -One reason fo r the continued bushwhacking in Missouri.

(3 ) We note the campaign led by Gen. Wm. Tecumseh 3her van, as he drove uonxeder— ate armies under Gen. Braxton Bragg from, the Chattanooga area to Atlanta, f i n a l l y captured and burned that c it y . The Confederates withdrew, led by Bragg's successor, Gen. John B.'Hood, who marched to N a sh ville and was there roundly defeated oy Gens.

Thomas and S c h o fie ld . Sherman marched from Atlanta to the Sea. ( 4 ) F in a lly , the vigorous cavalry battles fought by Gen. Pnix. Snerxdan — the former R olla commissary captain - in which he defeated the Southern cavalry led by the able Gen. Jubal E arly. Sheridan drove Early out of Shenandoah Valley, and f i n a l l y destroyed Early*s command at Cedar Creek on October 19th,1864* This i s the background o f n a tio n al events against which Rolla* s h is to ry is seen, during t h e - f ir s t h a lf o f 1364.

C haotic‘ Conditions Throughout 'MjS-^souri^.lSbif.- M issou ri's year of 1»64 could aptly"be 'called "The Year o f Raid's and Bushwhacking." Over^large areas of the State in that year there were s t i l l high percentages o f the inhabitants who favored .-the cause o f the South. This year they became bolder, and more openly took th e ir stand.

Aaon* them - as w e ll as among the. Southern army commanders and o f f i c i a l s , ana in the mind o f the deposed L ieu t. Gov. Thomas C. Reynolds, the idea grew that, x f o a x y a s u ffic ie n t ly strong Confederate fo rc e could invade Missour! successfully, and take S t. Louis and/or Jefferson C ity, then these secession-minded Mxssourxans^would r is e in a body and help the Confederates to ease the pressure Grant was applying to Richmond - and perhaps, thus, win the war. . , „ .But not so "w o rth ily " actuated, there were many sizeable groups, such <*s tnos« o f Chas Q u antrell Sxd B i l l Anderson, which were out^to redress personal grievances, / or to rob, plunder, s te a l, or murder fo r personal gaxn. Often suca partxes conno­ ted o f onlyPa few men - four o f f iv e , perhaps ten. These gangs went up «nd do n t west cen tr**1 northwest, a n d northern Missouri areas, stea lin g horses, roobin<3 and Dlundering^banks* town stores, and farm houses, burning what they did not ^confiscate, orde-ins Union men out of -t h e areas, shooting them when whey refused to go - or even i f and when they started to go. ‘They thus l e f t countless widows so c a r e j o r the rapped children o f the fam ily, so deprived o f food and sn elter and protection .

The -„i^ows c.-uld only t r y to make th e ir way to the nearest Unxon post, suenca R o lla or Vfarrensburg‘ where Union commanders did the best they couxt to provide

food,an± shelter, and relief. ' TI . Tr»nors Too Scarce To Povide Protection.- Because of Gen. Grant s continued "T*fha^all^possible available Missouri, troop's be sent to bolster his own drxve, ° 2 r ^ gD f3t S = t 3u r « S a r s found itxm p osu ib lo to comply ,1th th . great n o o d ^ o f w r it S n pleae that came to them from these raid v ic ta is or p o lx tic a l lead ers, - to send troop detachments to capture and punxsh these marauders. The

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Missouri D is t r ic t garrisons, composed c h ie fly o f companies or regiments o f the Missouri State M ilit ia , re g u la rly on duty but never joaid - an.d the Missouri Enrolled M ilit ia , c a lle d up only when needed, a lso unpaid - had to be kept as nearly as poss ib le at the resp ective m ilita r y posts. Detachments just could not be sent out to capture each end every small band o f marauders. And because these things were not done, lo y a l c it iz e n anger began to mounts and i — the 1864 state election s placed in power the r a d ic a lly minded/regime ^o f Governor/Thomas C. Fletcher, wh£ would change these conditions. publican / .fo r such reasons,

Sut conditions continued to be so bad that some sixty or seventy Confederate recruiting officials managed to operate in Missouri, chiefly in the north and north­ west areas. They wanted men to enlist in the Southern armies - and got them, Joe ShelDy* s raid of 1863 had had this sort of recruiting as one of its goals.

Price*s raid the f a l l of 1864 had the same goal. Small bands of such recruits were now' able to circumvent the watchfulness of. the various Union outposts, and,bypassing them, were able to join up with Confederate troops in Arkansas.

G u e rilla _A tr6 c it^ A t_C en tralia.~ Q uantrell’ s lo o tin g and burning o f Lawrence,

Kansas, had stirred national anger. Bill AnderSon andhisgang now added to th a t indignation by meeting a passenger train at Gentralia, ordering the company of Union soldiers to lay aside arms and come out, and line up to be shot. A firing squad performed the deed. Adrerscn was able to attract to his group many of the kindred outlaws of north Missouri, as well as many who would enlist in the Southern army* And both here, and elsewhere in Missouri, manmen and had been taken into the Enrolled Militia - and armed by order- of Governor Gamblenow used those arms to join in this g e n e ra l! program of robbing and plundering. y .

Sometimes the Missouri Militia troops sent out to destroy marauding bands forsook discipline and did the very things they had been sent out to suppress. ^A ll these conditions Weighed heavily on the shoulders of Missouri’s governor- Hamilton P.Gamble* and he died on January 31, 1864® Lieut * Governor Willard P. Hall j.imshed out the Gamble term.

These, then, are the general and chaotic conditions that raged throughout Missouri during 1864.

G u e rilla Warfare In South Central Mij3s_ourii _ R olla D is t r ic t .— Tne conditions just described did not e x is t in western and northern Missouri alone — they also^pre— va iled in the south ce n tra l Missouri area. I t was here, in the counties o f Phelps, Dent, Crawford, Texas and Pulaski that the Rolla District was designed to c0perate*~^ Igsggggj -jo the south of these counties were those o f Wright,Shannon, Reynolds, Carter R ip ley, Oregon, Ozark, Howell, C hristian and B u tler. There were also the north counties o f Arkansas, next to the border - Boone,Marion, Baxter, Fulton, Issard* These o a rtic u ld r counties were the fa v o r ite raiding-robbing-plundering area la r g e ly unde- co n tro l oft*the G u erilla bands le d by Cols. Thomas R. Freeman, former Phelps^ Go, county court member - and by Cols. jA .S ch n a b le and W.O.Coleman, former R olla r e s i­ dents. Added were the smaller bands le d by Mi sea l Johnson, Dick Boyce, Crandeli,^ Barnes Love and other g u e r illa s . Most o f these gangs were not acerdited^units m th e'con fed erate army - so could be executed on the spot, i f captured. With Mnxon trooos on a l l sides o f them - north at R olla,^w est at S p rin g fie ld , south at L i t t l e Rock and B a te s v ille , and past at P ilo t Knob - i t does seem strange that these nand. could have so continuously and so su ccessfu lly raided th is la rge area. But th ey got

by with it. One reason was that Freeman *s band had no less than 500 men cn the aver™ forces stationed at Rolla,- Salem, Houston, age. and at times as many as 15 0 0 . The — _ . tlaAesville were so small that they could not hope, to beat F r e e n ^ i n battle. They ___ a. k lle d , „ . ■ k iille d fllSHT oany g u e rilla s . made frequent scouts tc locate him, J&nd. " > wi* c••'a•p m ^ i Freeman was, on one occsion, and sent,a war risoner,to St. Louis,. Hut-he :csion, captured ana paroled or exchanged, and/^vent to, his^ old game ox gueri -la warfare ,d/went back tc / imm ediately

- 53 2:30 HI Feb 7’ 6? .— an u gly and The^'lature 0fJ3outhJ,{issouri Guer i l l a j ^ r f &r e . - Both Unionists, and G uerillas played / 7 conspicuous part in th is South Missouri g u e r illa w arfare„■ -On the part o f the Unionists, scout p a rties operating in these southern counties, down on Jasfc's Fork o f the Eleven Point r iv e r , "would surprise a group of presumed bushwhackers in the home o f one o f the an As the g u e r illa s were surrounded, some would try to escape.

These were shot on the spot, or pursued a mile or mors then shot. Over toward South Spring Cteek, a group of some tun or twelve g u e rilla s were surprised, surrounded and a l l but f i v e or s ix shot. Others were taken as prisoners to H olla. Over on Ho Didoux Greek, severa l widowed women who were caught in aiding the bushwhackers by lodging and feed in g them - and a lso a blacksmith who fS S fitte d the bushwhacker horses with horse shoes.--we re arrested and taken to W aynesville. Under iillfe a r y law they could have been executed on the. Spot, but'were not. Such are samples o f what Unionists and Union so ld iers did In th is g u e r illa warfare.

On the other side, a f i r s t a c t iv it y was to conscript a l l men, Union or not, in to the Southern armies or these g u e r illa bands. I f a Unionist refused, he was told to leave the country by n ig h t fa ll, and take his fam ily along. Many times, as he tria d to leave, he was shot in his tracks. His fam ily - or he with his fam ily, i f h© l it e d , made tfeei? way t o one o f the R o lls D is t r ic t posts, there to fin d food, shelter., and p rotection . Very lik e ly , the man o f the house joined Union troops. ...A s fo r the man’ s home and property, the. buildings were burned, the horses s t o l n , and everything of value to the g u e rilla s was confiscated.

On the Union side, i f men o f the South were caught wearing Union uniforms* or if they were engaged in and caught in guerilla activity, they -were shot oh the spot.

I f such men were bona fid e Confederate so ld iers, they were treated as.,such, brought ' _ to Holla, t r ie d and/or sent to St.Louis.

On the Freeman side, l i t t l e compunction was entertained, fo r any persons who favored the Union cause. The matter became so ir r it a t i n g and serious that^a series of le t t e r s passed between Col. Freeman and u t. Col. H.H.Livingston, the-Unicau cons,— mender stationed at B a te s v ille , not fa r from Freeman’ s headquarters. Livingston warned Freeman to pay a tten tion to the rules o f c iv iliz e d w arfare. He must "Great Union prisoners o f war with due respect — under no circumstances shoot them. Free­ man’ s men, i f caught, must be able to show a c e r t ific a t e that they were bona fid e Confederate so ld ie rs - otherwise they would be shot. Both men agreed that horse th ieves, unauthorized by e ith e r sideJbo plunder or s te a l, could be shot on the spot.

Livingston ended the' letter.-series, by sending Freeman a b o ttle of high q u a lity "bourbon".-whisky. Freeman had admitted that he personally had shot -two .jjnion men.

Sample Pleas For P r o te c tion From Robbed_Vicj:ims. - Here is one ox many such w ritten pleas” that appear in o f f i c i a l war record* o f the area and time: Ircntcn,Mo. (Q uote): Major General Rosecrans; S ir : A fte r w aitin g im patiently fo r almost two years fo r p ro tec tio n on the south border o f M issouri, and hearing: also dhat you .had , been misinformed concerning the condition o f the border o f the State, including Oregon, R ip ley, Carter, and Butler counties, being that I am a citizen, ox R ip ley county; ' I now take the l i b e r t y :to w rite, you a few lin e s to l e t you know our desperate There ran ges,in those counties above named,bands o f robbers, some ( o f whom a re) c itize n s o f that county and others, that have run from up- north in tnxs State ( as did Freeman), and concentrated on the (S ta te ) lin e , with forces numbering from oOO to 1000 men, leaders o f which are the notorious Reves, Freeman,Reed,Boyce Baines and others. These bands operate between our posts at Patterson, Mo., and B atesvxlle, .Ark.,' which are 150 m iles apart. The barbarous and insuxferabie to^tm ent ^ Uniori men and f.im ilie s get from these bands, a t their pleasure, have hardly a p a r a lle l in recorded

hunted, and i f found, are shot or k ille d in some other way,

^ d often our fa m ilie s are shamefully and grossly in su lted by ^ ^ / f h sPG^ r t y to bloody-handed bushwhackers. Nor i s th is the w orst. »fe - not having xhc lib e r t y to

tasigE Ed 2

- 59 -

Feb 7, *67. 3U5 Hi make a crop la s t year, and our property and provisions being taken away from, us by those bands - there are many fa m ilie s which are without r e l i e f , who shortly will be reduced to starvation . And, unless we can have some (m ilita r y ) protection, there w i l l be over h a lf o f the farms in the above named counties that w i l l go uncultivated th is year. I f there could be a m ilita r y post maintained c ith e r at Doniphan, Mo., or Pocahontas, Ark., i t would g ive us r e l i e f . But, i f we are not allowed to have pro­ te c tio n , we w i l l have to resort to some means fo r moving our fa m ilies out from there, andthat w i l l g ive a l l that area o f country up to the worst reb el bushwhackers there are in a l l the West. Scouting through that country w i l l never correct the condition.

There has been, so fa r , considerable scouting through there, and a great many o f the marauders have been k ille d or captured. But as soon a., our scouts turn back, the bushwhackers come r ig h t o u t^ £ u and return to th e ir former depredations.

1 am hoping that, with as many/soldiers as there are in the f i e l d , that your honor w i l l send a few o f them to our r e l o e f . . M o s t r e s p e c tfu lly yours, e tc .

(March 2,186/+).

(Sighed) RICHARD HUDSON. /WR v.62 p.4S5/ The Raiding and Burning Of__Mail Stages_And_Supolg !iaSons_Ccnt5nuea.- Somebody in th is g u e rilla -d n fe sted South Missouri area decreed that the d e t a il led by Col.W.O. Coleman, former R o lla residen t, should take over the task of raid in g and burning the d a ily m ail stage coaches and long m ilita r y Wagon tra in s that proceeded from R olla both to Houston and to S p rin g fie ld . B rig . Gens. John Sanborn (S p rin g fie ld ) and Odon Guitar (R o lla ), d is t r ic t commandants, were obliged to maintain a cavalry_ force o f 600 men as escorts fo r these stages and wagon tra in s . Despots a l l they could do, the __ robberies and burnings continued - some as close to R olla as L i t t l e piney. Fanally, Washington to ld the two commanders that the 600 man d e t a il was too much o f a waste, and that, fo r sake of economy, the m ails should go but twice a week.

A future Rolla Methodist pastor, Rev. J.C.H. Hobbs and his wife, one sen and , two daughters, rode such a stage from Rolla to Springfield, right at this time, and went on to' Neosho.as -church missionaries. On the stage, they were frightened by the presence o f the Coleman.gang, and the b r ig h tly burning f i r e s _o f the^destroyed The one s o ld ie r xn she coach v»ain tnem nexd nis gun m reaCtxnes^ fo r any f i g h t . that might take place. In the Neosho area, they experienced many of the acts o f the marauders in that area, in a personal l e t t e r to th is w riter, the son.

Dr. Richard Gear Hobbs, re la te d th is story.

The fam ily returned to Rolla the 1867 ysar to assume the pa,storate o f the Methodist churcn, and to esta b lish "Rolla. C ollege.

wagon tra in s .

The Change__In Top M is s o u r iJ ^ lita r j; Command.- The fa ilu r e , by the severa l D ist­ r ic t generals and by headquarters in .St .Louis, to bring to an end the constant raid in g, robbing and plundering over the S tate, as we nave now describee ac, g re a tly aroused the anger both o f the victim s and of many topmost p o l i t i c a l leasers oi Mis­ souri o f the "R adical" or "Charcoal" fa it h . I f Washington wouldn't send in o u t-o f-sta te troops to stop th is bushwhacking a c t iv it y , i t should at le a s t place over the several.

Missouri D is t r ic t s generals from o u t-o f-s ta te , who were vigorous and. s t r ic t , who would r i g i d ly execute a l l State laws and m ilita r y raiders. I t was thus that, on January 22, 1364, Maj. Gen. Wm S. Rosecrans, who was defeated a t Chickamauga, was appointed to Gen. Grant :onservative. jourst r.

John M. •Schofield., who had pu sue Diace,.

the

didn't think much of|Rosecrans-appointriient - as both^ne and Gen Curtis,... of the Kansas Department, were always calling for, outside troops. "Both would do the same, even xx n improveu xn Laxne, an abolitionist state." any replacement of Rosecrans would be cient, Grant . xxd. Rosecrans assumed command in S t. Louis on-Jan 3^^1364»^ He managed to hold the rein s until December 9,1864, when he, too, was found .incapable, • and was replaced by Gen. Grenville M. Dodge - c e r ta in ly a most c a p a b l e .....

S ch ofield to Rosecrans to Dodge a l l in eleven months I . . . Since a H Missouri was then under m artial law, these men held Rolla* s destiny in their hands.

- 60 -

^3s3^ Ed 2 Feb 7 ,'6 7

The Change_s_In Mi_ss_ouri_Di_5triefc Conjaands. - -Various conditions w ithin the several M issouri M ilita r y D is tr ic ts brought about somewhat frequent changes in the co..mands o f those d is t r ic t s . At R olla, the c h ie f condition was the s h iftin g of army troops as the d iffe r e n t campaigns developed, hut in Month and Central Missouri* lo c a l p o lit ic s entered in to s h ifts of D is t r ic t commanders. So did th eir fa ilu r e to provide p rotectio n to Union!s t 3:’ whose• property was confiseated by g u e rilla bands.

Sc a lso did those"commanders' p a rtic ip a tio n in lo c a l p o litic s * and in r e la tiv e strictn ess in enforcing Army regu lations or state lav/s. Shafts were also made oy . changing incoming Departmental. Commanders.

Commander Rosecrans got the idea, that i f these D is tr ic t commands were in the hands o f b rig a d ie r generals brought in from outside the State*, as was done .-when, Gen John . Sanborn was brought from Kentucky-to S p rin gfield d is t r ic t , the locaX^ o o lit ic s item would drop out, and the people o f the d is t r ic t would be bettex safcus"^ fle d . And so Rosecrans asked fo r th e necessary out-of-state b rig a d iers. He g o t but one - Major General A lfred Pleasanton, a h ig h ly capable, s k ille d cavalry o ffr e e r .

To make room fo r him, Gen Fisks was sh ifted to north Missouri). - Gen Taos Swung took his place in the St.Lou is D is t r ic t , Gen Odon Guitar was shafted from North Muasouxi to R olla, and Gen Egbert Brown, replaced by Pleasanton at Warrensburg, was appointee* to the arnv1s m ilita r T court xn St .Louis# ■ __ * *■■■ * R o ll o f R o lla Commandants, 1 # 1 to__end_of 1364.- The f i r s t of RollaJs commandants was Du Bayles who came in with S ig e l on June 14,1361. of 13th I l l i aoia .

•^eEiment served u n t il C ol. Greusei came w ith the 36th I l l i n o i s . Greusel served u n til Gen G M*Dodge took over, as the Fremont army returned from S p rin g fie ld , wyman Was | a S ™ S a n i from J a L 14 to March when he l e f t H olla -d ^ C o l S.H,Boyd to o , over, ■Boyd ■.left' w ith the 24th Reg t. Missourians on ---- i852, when T.v .’ :r 'p iotrer o f the -Missouri 3rd Cavalry, took over ana served u n til February, 1 % : Ihcm as1 S s then had the post up to a date ea rly in 1863, -hen tem porarily to Col. Albert S ig el., Brig.Gen Oden-Guitar came to and held the post u n t il replaced by Gen. John McNeil, wno held on unuil .he end o f 1864, and played an important role in the P rice invasion o f Septem ber-.c.6ber,loo4. ^Troops Staioned In R o lla _ D is tr ic t. -

Bieir/pi:-;, ty

^

The follow ing, i s a sample o f the troop

^

A r t i l l e r y (B attery L ) Capt.

I^ tfe T ln e v - & R o lla : 2nd Wisconsin C a v a l r y (Companies, A-O-G-4) . . .

Fort Wyman, H ^ a :

CapURichard Murphy

S S i v m - e ^ o . t 5th sta te M ilit ia Cavalry (Coapaniea A-E-H) —“ Fischer. . \ a t T E o ila , . * r»jj q+■d ie t commandant, Brig.Gan. Bayies, ana A l l these troops rep ort _ sta tio n made i t s scout trip s in whatever received th e ir_in s tru ctio n s :from * een the number o f troops at any station was S S e n H

c 1^

b 2 t l f . i t h the Fre'eian oontingeat o f 5C0 to 1500 men.

Ed. #1.

5 p.m.

Feb. 7 ,'6 7 .

-

61 -

f . .^ -2PP.S Stationed In R o lla Di s t r i c t . 1862-186/,. - Various news reports and “ have» from time to time, stated that throu^iout the C i v i l War some 0 000 troops were stationed at R o lla . There may have been that many during the 1861 year, or ju st before Gen. Curtis took o f f from R o lla fo r the P<X R M ^ c a m ! paign. However the fo llo w in g table from o f f i c i a l war records provides a cle a re r more accurate view o f the matter. cle a re r •YEAR . AND DATE

Hers For Duty

T o t a l s Here

Here and Not Here

O ffi­ cer s

Men

1962 D5S731 1863 Feb.28

169

3,446

Mar. 31

52

888

1,354

1,719

2,246

apr.30

41 8 19 30

620

1,029

1,272

1,203

8 508 723

8 652 977

57

1,231

4B

July 31

5,232

ARTILL ERY Guns

Here And Not Here ifSElh

Heavy

6,197 - 6,532

Who Was Commandant

Light

4

4

V o l. !

Page.

O ff ic ia l War Records.

Col. Cohn M. Glover

>#•##«#•# • ®# 90# ®»©««>##• Col. J .M.Glover 9

:

4

4

4

» ##

b r ig .Gen. Tho3 .4,I)avies v.33 P . I 08 Davies, v.33 p.263

i Staf: * at Roll. 0 330 708 4 1,452 1,520

Davies V.33 p.4 15 1 1 . . . (A t R o lla alon e) 2 ( Other than at R o lla )

1,637

2,290

2,236

13

TOTAL ROLLA DISTRICT ” ” .

1,263

1,619

2, 330

e

14

Davies. R o lla D is t. 33-585

6 972 407

6 1,333 590

57

j 1,379

1,934

2,260

66 6 25 17

(1,409 6 | 584 453

1,883

2,373 2,269 ( Rol la s t a ff • # • • # 777 © # • • 654

43

| 1,042

1,357

1,637

®

926

1,365

1,644

« • # « * #

51

1,047

1, 540

1,909

" ay 31

41

959

1,323

1,707

0 © $ @ #

June 30

rf 1 i

1,496

2,007

2,609

*> » »

Aug. 31

• • • « « !

Sept.30 Dct. 31

Nov#30 Dec.31

196a _Feb. 28 Mar. 31

1863 Apr.31

6 33 13 -

51

« • # • • • «

6 772 579

« •

» * • 0 «

SPS CIAL RJEI ’CRT FOR 15 15 2,016 2,633 111 2,453 2; 921 124 1,602 2,253 83 10 379 243

15

343

6,319

8,206

4

#• 0 &

t, R oll; . s t a f f ) 1, 519 © ® ■« # 744

m

2

&

» # # • # # •

# # # ©

0

1 ............... 1

6

« 6 »

2

t>

# • • #

r

• 9 0 #

6

* • •

'

6 4 4

| 10 .I ! 8

*

# # ® # «

Davies Rolla D ist. 33-72?

Davies V .33-758 At R olla only Other than a t R o lla

{ • #• * 1 8 i 14

TOTAL ROLLA DISTRICT

8

T if

TOTAL ROLLA DISTRICT

I .# • • j ©©# s

• • • •

# •

# # # # # # # • •

|

Davies ¥ .3 3 p.686 ( A l l R o lla ) Other than at Rolla

8 2

j f

.

O

■

e 9 # 9 • • 0 #

ARMY CF ( Staf f 3,488 4,315 3,844 427

C ol. A lbert S lg e l. 62-809 I : ROLLA DIST. B rig . Gen. Odm Guitar * 1 ROLLA DIST. ¥.64-155 " I 3.Gen. Odon Guitar 64-622

ROLLA DIST.

. •

Brig.Gen. John McNeil f

FRONTXE 1 AT ROfLA, Ap: “1 1 30,1963. ¥.33 p.263* j •.«» •« © * « # # # # © * • © • # .Uen. Francis Herron 3,483 #00® I 10 ( 1st-D iv. C ol. Weer; ....

2 0 3 2nd Div.u.Vandever PilofcKnc 4,031 3,914 ( # « # e j « # # « ■3d.D iv. b.Gen.Wm 1 * Qrma 347 1 • « # # ■ : I * # • Special Detachment, at. iLake Spr. Maj. Banzhaf _____ L ____ __ : TOTAL ARMY OF FRONTIER 1t QA # * 0 # 12,089 11,789 ; Encamped In RoUa D is tr ic t

l

g gqt Ed 1 Fen c5,1967 10

- 62 -

R olla Distri£t_Troops_ as^of A u _ g u _ s t _ 3 1 > £ l r :LcL. J|&ld#-* The Ro McNeil. He commanded the Rolla D is tr ic t, Post Commandant was B rig. Gen. John troops were these: His At R o lla : 145th I l l i n o i s ( 4 companies) Commandedby Maj. John 7,r. Bear.

1st Mo. State M ilit ia ( 4 companies) Gapt. David A. Rosenstein 5th Mo. State M ilit ia Cavalry (3 companies) Col. Albert S ig e l ' 9th Mo. State M ilit ia Cavalry (2 companies) Maj. Samuel A Garth 2nd Mo. A r t ille r y ( B attery B ) Capt. John J. Sutter At L i t t l e Piney (A r lin g to n ): 5th Mo. State M xli'cia Cavaxry ( Co.H ) . Caot. James Muinn At Big Piney (H ooker): 5th Mo* State M i l i t i a Cavalry (Co.F ) . L t. A ioert Muntzel At W a yn esville: 48th Mo. (Co.A) Capt. Wm. Wilson 5th Mo. State M ilit ia Cavalry ( 3 companies) Maj. John B. Kaiser At Salem: ' 4 ' , Le v i i** E ?lh^D3.rrv# 5t»h Mo# M ilit ia Cavalry (j> companx^3y Cci.pt* .uevx

Begin Here 8:45 AM Wed Feb 8,1967

- 6J -

The Bui -ding_Of R o lla ’ s For t JDet be.- A le t t e r dated at H olla M of February 19*1364 in d icates the progress' to t££t t$§tgn^ d g s£fiyCg§a|gjjcfcion of H olla ' s FORT BETTS* w.e s ite of which Was the area/now occupied by rlorwood H all and Parker H all, and the space between. The l e t t e r is th is : *cLieu t. Col. j(osep h ) A. Eppstein, Commanding, R olla D is t r ic t ,R olla, ho.: Colonel: On my a r r iv a l here, I fin d that the fo rces now occupied in ( working on) the erection o f the f o r t if ic a t io n at th is place are in s u ffic ie n t. By information fram Captain Crocker, I learn that the d e ta ils are rather irre g u la r and .uncertain, as the men are sometimes taken from th is duty to do ordinary fi e l d duty, owing to the small force stationed at th is post. In order to f a c i l i t a t e the speedy completion of the fo r t , I would r e s p e c tfu lly suggest that my company, which is accustomed to such work, should be stationed here, to ray disposal, or at lea st the mechanics in. such ^ company. ...V e r y r e s p e c tfu lly , your obedient■servant, John F.VJ.Bette, Capi., Coramanding Co. K, F ir s t In fa n try, Mo. State M ilitia ', (end quote). / WR 62-373/ • L ieu t. Col. Eppstein endorsed the proposal the dame day- ./ WR 62—373_/ and. on Feb. 23, at the Engineer’ s O ffic e , Dept. Mo. Headquarters, St.Louis, c h ie f Engineer Wra. Hoelcke added th is endorsement: _ , , ,.

(Quote) To fin is h the block-house very soon, i t w i l l be advisable to order Company H, 1st Mo. State M ilit ia In fa n try, at Franklin ( now P a c ific ), Mo., to R o lla .

Ih is companv consists e n t ir e ly o f mechanics, and en listed in i t s beginning as engineer so ld iers . The e n tire company may be at the disposal of. Captain Dette fo r no purpose other than to fin is h the block-house. Company H, at -Franklin ( P a c ific ), guarding bridges upon the P a c ific R ailroad, might be r e lie v e d by Companies A or K, f i r s c :_ Missouri S tate M ilit ia In fa n try . These two cospanies are stationed^at.Bent,on Barracks, St.Lou is. ....(S ig n e d ) Wm. Hoelcke, Capt. and Actg Aide-de-camp, Chief Engineer, Dept, o f the Missouri.- (End qu ote). . .; . .. . „ e ^ o T?rpT'« The-Rolla fo r t thus under construction was at f i r s t co.jJ.ed TSa S xAR FiMx , cut la te r named "FORT DETTE" in honor o f the b u ild er. . ' .

Dlans Of Fort D e tte .- By those not too w e ll informed, i t has often oeen stated that the " t l P o H S ! fo-fc-was that o f a Greek Cross. I t s f i r s t name of "Scar Fort" »ou ld s e L to W A that the plan was not that o f the "Maltese Cross", but rather on -an be la id aside, inasmuch as the engineer drawings of the Fort, as a k f in 186S- g iv e exact inform ation. The general plan o ^ tn e xort was a central square f>oa which lou r rectangular wings V extended per p e n d x c u ; ^ - ^4h i D '■ mua f.nuM be described as two in te rs e c tin g rectangles, eo.cn LOUf J “ w id i 163 f= et^ lcn g the ce n tra l In tersection being that cen tra l square ;

S

iig

r r t e

t

fro a which the F o r t's f i r s t 30ne S ' S

Tell t a S e a ^ S h

^

^

o f the

the .magazine, a central'square f lo o r - t o lc e illn g height o f 8 fe e t .

This was the R a t i n e

room. f l o o r rose 10 ft.’above the magazine floor.

It was formed of .— , of this first level, or "firing The ground level floor rose heavy oak timbers tim bers ’se^end “on end. The w alls were 4 feet thick, g a lle r y " room, consasteQ of s. . , im*-i-ht 12x1? timbers, and with f i f l e with d ir t f i l l i n g between « c f r l T o o f ' w a ^ m e d of three layers o f f i r i n g ports at b H . “" r S l ' D i l i D . e from the top and bottom la y e r. At 0 9 ends 5 XS c h t T £ h e p ro jectin g were openings fo r f i r i n g o f b i n a r y ; f i e l d cannon - b a rrels something lik e

ee

d it c h ^ a S -if ^ t A These moats com pletely surrounded the e n tire f o r t .

ditch es. ^

The top-edge3 of the ^

Ed. #1 10:30 a.ffl.

Wed. Feb 8, 1967.

- 64 -

( Fort. D ette,_con t. ) The major g u n -firin g flo o r was 12 fe e t above the ground flo o r le v e l. On i t , at two opposite ends o f the ''s ta r” ( perhaps at a l l four ends ) were mounted heavy siege guns. These were placed behind plank-and-earth embankments o f considerable size and strength — so diaped as to d e fle c t enemy missies upward, above the guns.

These guns had b a rrels some 9 fe e t long, and may have been 32-pounders, lik e those at Fort Wyman, o f 6-inch bore. They were p ivot mounted, so as to enable them to sweep or revolve h o riz o n ta lly through at le a s t an 180 degree arc. I t i s uncertain as to whether there were just TWO such guns, a t opposite ends o f the '’ sta r" - or whether there were FOUR - one a t each end o f the s ta r .

Aside from th is uncertainty, two o f the cross-areas o f the "s ta r" were pro­ vided with r i f l e areas where many so ld iers could move around, and shoot over p ro tective earth-amd timber embankments.

On the second flo o r , or major gun flo o r , at the center area, there rose the Guard House. This was some 18 fe e t square, with heavy 12x12 timber c e ilin g covered with 3 fe e t o f earth f i l l .

From the center o f the Guard House the F o rt's fla g p o le arose to scxne 44 f e e t above the Guard House flo o r - 32 fe e t from i t s r o o f.

A ppropriately placed stairways provided access from one flo o r to the others.

At the close of the War, the fo rt was dismantled - so that the enormous Quantity of 12 x 12 timbers might be resawed and used in the multitude o f new Duildings being constructed in Rolla. Many o f the timbers may have been used by m e Railroad, *as i t was extended westward to Jerome, in 1867.

One wonders just where so many such 12 x 12 timbers were obtained. Lengths had to be frcm 8 to 10 fe e t . The trees fe l l e d had to have minimum diameters o f some 17 inches* Capt • D ettef s mechanics must have scoured a considerable area about Rolla to get such trees - and then to saw them to 12 x 12 s iz e .

The o f f i c i a l clans o f the Fort in d icate that many o f the jo in ts wereo f the mortise-tenon s ty le - which, i f true, meant an enormous amount of time consumed in tte construction - as w e ll as great mechanical s k i l l combined with appropriate saws and tools* .

■ ,, One can w e ll imagine the tremendous a c t iv it y o f Capt* Dette s forces, as they scoured tte fo re s ts t o se lec t su itable oak trees, hauled them to the^steam sawmill, and thence to tte F ort. Probably many R o lla c itiz e n s helped in the tasks.

In e f fo r t s t o accu rately lo ca te the Fort s it e on the School o f present . r i t e r s have ooserved, from t h e w s t upper a t c r f ' f l f f we n t S S i certa in corner areas o f the old F ort. These are indicated by thed iffe r e n t grass growths over corners o f the old r,moat*f ditches* # For many years, tte School' s carpenter shop preserved boards taken from — old F ort. S everal small oak trin k ets sawed or turned by P ro f. J.H. Bowen were piven to the Phelps Co. H is to r ic a l S ociety. acquaintances^"of*present . r i t e r s have told us he. they "used to skate" on the POn<UExcept fo r the dra.n plan o f the Fort, on the next page t 64. a ) , *e no. take leave o f old Fort Dette l

Ed. n Wed., Feb. 3, 1967 SKETCH

- 64. a -

PL A N

OF

FORT

D

T T E

MOTES; i ' 1#- Central in terse ctio n Of Star Arms measures 40 x 40 fe e t .

2 . - Two o f the "Wings" measure 40 x 64.

3.

4.

5.

6. *

Other Two 40 x 79 fe e t .

— Lower Level has 3 f t . clear height — Lower to Ground Floor i s 10 fe e t .

- Major Gun Floor is 12 fe e t above Ground flo o r .

- Ground flo o r w alls are 4 fe e t thick ^ rjOuter and Inner Containing W alls o f 12x12* s ,s p a c e between d ir t f i l l *

8 . — ia ll timbers are 12x12*3 stood on end.

9 . - Ground Floor C eilin g is o f 3 layers of 12x12*s - the middle one la id crosswise to the top and bottom la y e rs.

10. -- Gun emplacement banks are 4 fe e t h i^ i. l l ! - Main gun barrels are 3 feet long - lesser guns common cannon, 6 f t * 12. - R if le ports spaced every 2 fe e t apart.

13. - Guard house, cen tral square, 13 x 18 f t . square. 8-foot cexlin g.

1 4 . -Flagpole 44 feet above guard house flo o r - 32 above i t s r o o f.

I Ed 3 10:30 Pli Feb 8 f 67

- 65 -

Lincoln Sanctions Extension Of_Railroad Weet_From H o lla .- During the years I 863-647 the cost o f transporting war supplies from H olla to S p rig g fie ld was enor­ mous - and slow. At times, as reported, there were as many as 900 wagons on the^ road.

A cavalry escort o f 600 men had to be maintained. Against uhis oackgrouns, President Lincoln wrote the fo llo w in g le t t e r , s e l f explanatory: (Quote). Executive Mansion, Washington, D.C., March 10,1864. . -Major Gen. Rosecrans; are f u l l y examine and consider the question whether, on the whole, i t would Pleas oe advantageous to our m ilita r y operations fo r the I-nit ..d States to furnish iron ( r a i l s ) fo r completing the Southwest Branch o f the P a c ific Railroad, a lit o r any part of i t , from R o ila to S p rin g fie ld , Mo., so la s t aa the Company sh all do a l l the other work fo r the completion, and to re c e iv e pay fo r said iron in transportation upon said newly made part o f said road; and i f /. your opinion snalx. oe in uhe a ffirm a tive , make_a C£ntract with_the_Coapany_t£ .th£t__ef fe c t_ , subject to my approval or^ rejection .

In- any"event, rep ort the main fa c ts , together w ith your reasoning, to me...Yours tr u ly ...(S ig n e d ) A. LINCOLN. (End quote) . . . .This arrangement never matured.

Gen. Joe Shelby1£ Threats — Prelude To_Pri£e_Raid.- As e a r ly as June 20,1864, B ri^ .“ 0don Guitar, commandant at H olla, reported to St.Louis headquarters that Gen. Joe°Shelby, with at le a s t 2,000 Confederate so ld iers, was encamped on the White r iv e r , at Jacksonport, near Newport, in northeast Arkansas. Shelby's men were w e ll mounted and armed. S’n elbv was conscripting a l l men, whether Union or Non-union, between ages 15 and 50. He was planning an attack on the R o ila area by way ox Houston, and planned

th e ir s a fe ty i f Shelby did attack. S t. Louis headquarters ordered R oila, Spring!ie-LX, and the ra ilro a d s p e c ia lly guarded and garrisoned^to prevent th e ir destruction.

Shelby's troops continued to increase u n til i t was sported that.he had some l g u e r illa hands, 10 000 men ready fo r the a ttack . He ordered several ox *>h^ p rin c ip a^ such as those under . Cols. Freeman and Schnable and Coleman, to come in and form ally jo in the Confederate erase army, le s t their-.men be summarily executed i f captured by « the se males aged from 15 to yO had b e tter jo in up pronto, or at once Unionists. Tnos< ^nuntrv - ii ff they horses, mules, get out o f the country they could■11 He , ordered a l l avaxlable . . . .„ m ilita r y woods commandeered, th e ir owners to be paid xn Conxederate money, xi they complied - to be paid nothing i f they objected to the seizu re. . * , Shelby's planned march to R oila seems to have been squelched uy two xmporuant jig s . F ir s t, a force iexii down 7aiite r iv e r on boats demonstrated against. too. a l l the area inside these north Arkansas rin g him somewhat* Then, .ww, . ,and south . inurn counties had been so long, and do thoroughly divested oi xorags anu proyxs-

■TOE PRIGS RAID OF S7-PTC.TBER-CX;TCBEF..1864As R oila was importantly concerned -j-f.'p and involved in , the great S te r lin g P rice Raid the f a l l ox 1804, we inc_ude^ so much o f a sketch as w i l l enable i t to be seen that R oila was r s a lly a very s tra t­ eg ic In d important C iv il War outpost. Our emphasis placea on that fa c t 01’ crucial m ilita r y post. / For f u l l sto ry 01 * rxce R^xnt see .u- ■iio iia as a the hope that h ie f Aims_0f The Raid. The p rin c ip a l aim of the Price --aid was Gov. Thomas -. X . . \c* JS? .04 kr XI Louxs and"~Jdfferson C ity might*be captured; that Confederate_Lt and that the C Revnolds mi^ht then set up a Confederate government; xn Missouri; I . secession-minded Missouriians would then r is e and defeat a l l ^e^C cnStfete, and so fo rc e Grant to withdraw from Rxchmond, and perhaps thus n .Ip the Con federacy to win the war. That could w e ll have happened - but xt dxdn t .

P rice At_ 3xlot Knob.- Pen. Price l e f t Confederate headquarters at damdan* Ark. of L i t t l e Pock — on. August 18, id 6^.. ..Going tnrou^L soutn anc ,es 1*— i ■mim V-* ^ w * ~ ^ — \ cue 8t> 1mile on garrison to his east, Price crossed tne ..

Benton, lea vin g L i t t l e Rock and i t s Unz^n :n i irkansas river at - « d « » U e , near H u s s ilv ille . ! w there he moved to cross Vihite r iv e r 16 m iles above BateaviXle, and from there went to Pocahontas, «rk .. a rriv in g i i l eSept. o t . 13th. At th is fa v o rite gathering point fo r Confederate raids he found on ihelbv*s trooos, and gathered together those o f Generals Fagan ana marm^uuke, als marauding hands such as had been led by Cols. Freeman, Scbnable ana Coleman___ in s oroperly marauuxng S eam u IT h “ S “ r p s n ^ ,____.

S e i a h ^ 12; “nnn o o F_ - onm? s ^ fi.000 8,000 te being p r o ^ l y mounted mounted and a

ara° d' J ‘^ i c f p i ™ e r h L ~ s s ' ^ i ‘invasion. He would go from P ^ ^ a a icktown , U issouri, marching his troops in three columns separate./ led Shelby, and HarmadSe, and kept apart by from ten to th ir ty m iles. Thus theymar ched capturinv or d isoersin g minor Dniohsgarrisons or contingents. Snelby got to s .p t : “

W

26th‘,

o iftT o s

“

^ s“ of track by cu ttin g 10001fo o t liaghhs o f i t loose, then having s tite a s t up i-u-les of tracK y ® , fy.a.f'k The Potosi lin e got sxiiKtlar 500 so ld iers grab t i e ®nctt5 ° « L d cars « e r t heavenward in flames-and smoke, k treatment. T ies, depots, tr e s t le s ana Z ktom w P rice %sith Fagan and Mamaduke, wenu from Frederm -^om wesu uu Price mu .o and reduced the Union fo r t at Arcadia.- m2&radxu.e, the axternoon o; S e p * . 26tn, ™ bP :^ i c s ‘ s in v a s io n , h u rriedly re c a lle d fe d e ra l Unionists at S t. ^ o u is, ^ ^ ori th e ir say east. A H troops led by iia j. Gen. A.J.omitn Tshic., » together, and some 5000 St.Louis State m ilitiam en in the S t. Louis ar=a « to ^ s fe n d the c i t y , citis e n s 'grabbed. ss-ch arms as " T o S s o o ^ n S ^ f « ™ t to P ilo t Knob, where H urriedly, Gen Thomas^Ewing, o » . best pos3ib la condition to he took charge and placed uhe fo r t ^ * d to send a l l ra ilroa d r o llin g r e s is t the P ric e attack that ^ s h e l b y ^ t th e'tra ck . InaaU , whan stock and engines back to S t . L°uio b e fo r ^h „ P r ic e ’ s 12,000. But i f B*iing "

“

3? : ; 1 > Z

- I d

S t. Louis, that -

be

ab ell's brave men e^ E "price came on f o r the Cattack. , by ^ in g , 3 cannon and r iflm e n . of the South charS f A M ^ d u k e fired well d i r e c t e d cannon missies into the fort.

From Shepherd Ko— k possession, but with hundreds of Price's men, The day ended v^xth Ew-JXg sx,xx±. m f , wounded or dead, ly in g on b a ttle i i e i a . another day, so he resolved Ewing w e ll knew that he couldn't possib ly ,.,heel3 and horse hoofs to Withdraw during the nighty o f the 27t troops out' on .the Potosi road, wrapped in sacks to m uffle tne soon , pi etcher, behind a t' the f ort • leavin g the next M is s o u r i governor, C ol. Thomas > . r hdard the to.blJ up the magazine when the d ^ k hour of the claws o f his explosion, but never guessed that h i. mouse waiting "cat". . of-Elielbv1s column, closing in on. king's vanguards now me.'ip » now escape by way of Potosi, P ilo t Knob from P o to s i. S ^ in g t^a l flanked by Huzzah and Court01s Creeks, Swing took a route on top of a --rAow r i o M not flan k . Swing*a rear a route which Shelby and harmaduke, eg^isfcance b hind, so that ©ling guard cannon kept the Gonfe e r* eventu ally reaching Leesburg, on tae , succeeded in crossing the Mara ec r a ; ; » , led w Col . Isaac Warmoth Southwest Branch ra ilro a d , .where a R o l l s J rd o f f suCh minor attacks as was garrisoned. T°S«t.her^ e ae ^ came°from H o lla . I t was ^ the Confederates could make beiore i v

so much worth while.

Ga the morning of Sepc.^.7th

k

^

- 67 11 AM Feb 9, ! rV From P ilo t Knob To S Louis an.; Jefferson City^- Gen. Price was probably g r e a tly - surprised, even stunned, by the losses he had sustained at P ilo t Knob the 27th o f Sept.

He must have admired the bravery and s k i l l of the f o r t 's l i t t l e garrison of only 1200 men. They c e rta in ly could fig h t t were'not to be scorned l could be handed la te r i so.

2wih£ had escaped w ith his men to R olla - l e t them ^iJj. those ------ two --- formidable -~~m9 9 B fo r ts at R olla,•. and many - more defenders .

• _ , Besides, there- were I there than had manned the P ilo t Knob f o r t . Ewing would be there, too, and Gen.^anoorn was there w ith his forces from S p rin gfield , to rein force Gen. k c ile il ana his R o lla garrison. B etter get onwith the St. Louis conquest - that was one of the two great o b jectives o f the raid l d, , And so that decision was made. P rice, w ith Fagan, Shelby, and Marmaduke, moved, on through Richwood to S t. C la ir, on the St.Louis-EolLa ra ilro a d . Rip up the r a ils — c t' the telegraph v ir e s .

R o lla was now is o la te d . Care fo r i t la t e r , cuo now, turn on S t. Louis. So a detachment moved frcm S t.C la ir to P a c ific - but got no fu r t je r fo r Maj. Gen. A.J.Smith was there w ith Federal troops. A sharp skirmish ended the S t. Louis d r iv e . I f Ewing, w ith 1200 men, could stand o f f P r ic e ’ s la,GOO men, then these F ed erals,rein forced by the M il i t i a troops and the 5000 armed c itize n s o f S t. Louis could c e r ta in ly handle Price and a l l h is men. Too bad, but i t was o f no use. The way t o Jefferson C ity was s t i l l open. Get there, l e t .Qov. Reyno3ds^coaveae his le g is la tu r e . A ll sympathetic Missourians would then take th eir guna an* help R o lla was is o la te d - i t could be handled la t e r . . „ But there most be no bridges or track l e f t between S t. Louis and Jej.xerson C ity so tear up the track, burn the fin e bridges over Gasconade and Osage r iv e r s , so Unionist armies couldn't qu ickly fo llo w . On they went, occupying towns lik e Union and Hermann on the way. Their path was su bstan tially along today SuateU.S. Route 50.

But R o lla Was Jet To Be Re£konedJffith.~ Learning of Pe4c< s 3_invasion, ^ana deciding’ ’i t " “was net going to in volve S p rin g fie ld , Gen. John McNeil, at R olla, an Qen. J‘-hn B. Sanborn, at S p rin g field , decided to combine th eir forces at Rolla, .and that was s w ift ly dene, the 2nd Arkansas (Union) Cavalry led by Col. yonn ji.Phelps being part of Sanborn's troops. At R olla,' every a v a ila b le man in the area was araed. and added to the garrison. R o lla could w e ll be the next point 01 Price 3 attack.

The two b r is t lin g fo r ts , Wyman and Dette, were ready. . . . . But, fo r Price, they were uch g rea ter threats than the fo r t at P ilo t Knob had been. His spy parties had already v is it e d Maram.ec Iron Works, and one party had even come so fa r as uhe tfem Lenox fJ m eigh t m iles straigh t south o f R o lla . Young Tom Lenox had come to see S s f a s ^ s fS m er home, and learn what he could of R o lla 's defenses. The farm £ d been taken over by the man who had bought the farm atj a so yoing Tom shot him and l e f t . R o lla was ready fo r Price - le t him come I hexd b®tuer Rescue.- The telegraph lin e to S t. Louis suddenly went ^ s ile n t “ Joe Shelby” had cut the w ires. Hewever, not before the news of tne conflic t ^ a t P ilo t Knob had come through. Messengers hurried from Leasburg to R olla, x l i ?fc I s there needin^ r e l i e f . Provisions and ammunition were low.

H ^S S w t o f f 2 y formidable attack, even though Col. Warmoth was there

SSS

,,lth S 3 0 Ssc°S=gp S t i “ w fr :1S r S S y RS ^ t c h . d to aid B-lng. Col. lo ta L. B r i d g e - hi - 17th I l l i n o i s cavalry ^ould lead the f i r s t one* Gox* John E* k S k r t ' 3 I t a G e governor Ptalpa, would l o l l ™ , though tir e d from the lorceo of nareh fro.a Sp

o ffic e r s , Col. Beveridge l e f t R o lla on SeJt - 3a^h’ ^ ■ . p-nrati ^ Here he captured & herd ox 100 c a t tle t S S H * * - ' £ £ ? £ £ , S ” ih .' * & that a Confederate troop o f ' A n en h: d plundered the store and burned a few ra il-o a d cars. Beveridge Z l„ ¥ * t o lb a where he brushed o f f a Confederate detachment o f some 400 2 . 5 0

Ed 2 1:3*0 Au ?'

- Do -

<67

advancing from Cuba, Col. Beveridge at la s t mot Ewing and his-.Hion, and ware "joyously g reeted ". A squadron o f B everidge's 17th I l l i n o i s noy formed the vanguard, with a second group bringing up the rea r. So arranged, the. combined troop marched to 31.James, where Ewing f e l t safe enough to part with the Beveridge d e ta il. Both then marched to R o lla . / See UR 63. PP 378/Hepart No. 29/ Col. John E. Phelps, with his 2nd Arkansas Cav: ■ l e f t Rolla a day a fte r Col. Beveridge had departed, and l e f t St.Jara.es with his own troop and the 7th Ho,. En­ ro lled M ilit ia Oct. 2. Marching east, he met the Ewing column at Knob View, and l e f t the Enrolled M ilit ia with Ewing. Phelps then secured the country south and east, including Maraaec Iron Works - where Confederate scout parties had been but had l e f t . He then returned to j.oih Ewing at Rolla, but at St.Jsijsk turned back to Cuba, and from there, on Oct. marched to Vienna and from there to Jefferson City to jo in up w ith the McHeii-Sanborn.troops sent from Holla.

Gens_a_ McNeil_and_Sa^n^orn_Qui£kly,__Moye T^JP^ihfbrce^jefferson^Cit.^.- By these Beveridge—Ewing-Phelps p a rties, enough had b en learned to make' it certain that, P ric e 's plan now was to capture Jefferson C ity and not in vest R o lla . Since there was no possible way o f contacting St.Louis, McMeil now made those decisions fo r Rolla a ctio n . He and Sanborn gathered up a l l ava ilab le mobile troops and cannon. .

In h is rep ort o f Nov. 26,1864, Gen. McNeil describes the measures he took to insure the s a fe ty o f R o lla, and h is march to Jefferson C ity, i t covered the fo llo w in g points: (1 ) His Arkansas scouts had brought advance news/ tim fP'rrice was to invade Missouri.

Rolla would perhaps be one of the points o f attack.

(2 ) He organized a l l troops present, together with a l l a va ila b le men in the Rolla D is t r ic t , in to defense units, armed and o ffic e r e d , (3 ) On Sept. 30, Brig.Geni'-John B. Sanborn arrived in Ro-la with between 1500 and i600 men.- • .

(4 ) 04 Oct-. 30 he had sent C ol. Beveridge, to the rescue erf Gen Ewing, as has been described above. Ewing had a rrived with some.700 men and s ix cannon. ( 5) The work o f C ol.A lb ert S ig e l, R olla commanoant, 5th Mo. State M ilit ia , plus arduous work by Maj C.Biehle, 1st Mo, M i l i t i a In fan try, ann Capi. John F.U.Dette, in charge o f Forts Wyman and Dette, respectively, insured R o lla 's sa fety.

(6 ) On Oct. 3, McNeil became convinced that P r ic e 's goal was Jefferson C ity, there to t r y and reinstate e x -L t. Gov. Reynolds for purposes already stated, .J (7 ) Cut o f f from St.Lou is, McNeil on his own decided to a ct. He took with him "every a v a ila b le man that a due regard fo r the sa fe ty 01 Roll«- would permit , and e a rly the morning of Oct. 4th headed fo r Jefferson C ity. Gen Sanborn was then at Cuba, but marched to jo in McNeil at Vienna. , _ .. ! (g ) M cN eil's force and equipment were these: 17th 111. Cavalry (o o l.B everid g e]j 5th Missouri State M ilit ia Cavalry (L t.G o l. Josep. Eppstein); one section Battery B, 2nd Mo. A r t i l l e r y (Capt. _ . S u tte r ); two sectio n ^ B a ttery H, 2nd M o .^ A rtillery ( Capt. . . ^Montgomery); one section 5th Mo. State M iii'cia (L t .

Hmerxcnj, with 12-pounder mountain how itzers. , M 1.

Both McNeil and Sanborn camped overnight Oct 4th at Vienna, but at daylight the 5th made a forced march fo r Jefferson C ity, crossed the Osage and got, H e re 24 hours b efore P rice d id . Both McNeil and Sanborn, cooperating witn brig.G^n.

Egbert Brown, placed th e ir eight f i e l d guns ("Napoleons") and 230o me,, moot ad­ vantageous p osition s to re p e l P rice when he came, .out curing tne nighu, a Conieaerate spy, v is it in g the f o r t ific a t io n s thus made, scampered deck to t e l l b etter leave J efferson C ity alone 11 I t was more h ea vily f o r t i f i e d thcn^Piiot knob had been. Very re lu c ta n tly , and to the u tter disgust o f ^Gov.Ttoitas c Gen Sfe-r-lin? Price decided that he had done enough-thougn his two reat objectives h S t a i T S S a S r S ° £ d b e tte r do „hat oth r damage he could, get recru its i f he could, and then escape. that forced march by „ .

M cN eil's in t e llig e n t d ecision /- his troops^and those of uen Sanoorn " ^ es p e cia lly Rollaj_s_guns - had saved Jefferson C ity -^before other reiniorcem could a r r iv e l Th at's how important R olla was in Price s Raid.

Ed. #1.

j. uixun m a x at Camden.

- 69 -

0,0

ac

fcureatea out.

OX

M issouri in to Arkansas, and back to home p la te,

Union troops were quick in fo llo w in g Price as he l e f t Jefferson C ity and headed fo r Kansas C ity. Harrassing his rear were the Union troops led by Gen. A.J. Smith, and the combined Missouri cavalry commanded by Mai. Gen. A lfred Pleasanton. The H olla troops led by Gens. McNeil and Sanborn participated h eavily in the pursuit. ^ S tea d ily , P rice drove ahead, only to meet troops front Kansas commanded by Gens. James Blunt and Samuel Curtis, the hero o f Pea Ridge. The B attle o f Westport went so badly fa r Price that he ordered a r e tr e a t. He_mus_t get out o f the__State l The r e tr e a t became a rout - even though Joe Shelby bravely defended the rear.

The column passed by Fort Scott - throwing away guns and arms - burning wagons and supplies, exploding ammunition.

Union fo rces under Gen. Pleasanton l e f t the race at Fort Scott — but the Holla troops, with others, under Gen. Curtis, followed Price out o f the State. Pries and the remnants o f h is fo rces f i n a l l y limped back to Camden, Arkansas - where a court marshal proceeding awaited him. The R olla and S p rin gfield Union troops now returned to th e ir respective bases.

In his f i n a l rep ort, Gen. Price said that he had marched 1434 m iles, fought 43 b a ttle s and skirmishes, captured and paroled over 3,000 Federal o ffic e r s and men, captured 18 cannon and 3,000 small arms - and had taken multitudes o f horses, wagons, blankets, ready-made cloth in g. He had destroyed miles and m iles o f ra ilro a d track, burned many bridges and depots - a t o ta l property destruction o f sock $10,000,000 worth.

On the other hand, he had lo s t 10 cannon, 1,000 stands o f small arms, some 1,000 prisoners. BUT, WORST OF ALL, he had lo s t, as prisoners, TWO o f his most v a lia n t o ffic e r s - Gen. John Marmaduke, J r., and B rig . Gen. Wm. L. Cabell, the hero o f P ilo t Knob. He had added many raw re c ru its to his array ~ BUT HAD FAILED UTTERLY TO ACHIEVE HIS TWO FOREMOST GOALS - THE CAPTURE OF ST. LOUIS and JEFFERSON CITY.

1^9 M 2 F r i Feb 10,196?

70

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THE CIVIL WAR PERIOD CLOSES N atl on: ■i M ilita r y Eveht -QS1 ' neea cnj.y to mention the closing national m ilit a r y events of the War in t rmxnatxng our :count of B e lla 1s war time a c t iv it ie s . . . . On November 15, 1864, Sherman burned A'uj larch to the sea, occupying Savannah,Georgia, on Dec. 2] • . . Qa Doc* otill* CjOd,s :h o iie ld crusnecU tag ;onfederat€ mom Gen. Join B* Hood ai 7/ She m in occupied Columbia, ca p ita l c it y of South Caro• • • « on iVh. anc on March 23 was at Goldsboro, North C arolin a., » .On March 4th, Lincoln nn; was inaugurated the second time, but was assinnated oh A p r il 14th .. . . On A p r il 3, Grant’ s so ld iers entered Richmond. General Robert E. Lee surrendered on A p r il 9th.

The Confederate cabinet met fo r the la s t time on A p r il 26th, and Jefferson Davis was captured on May 10th. The la s t C iv il War fig h t was near Brownsville, Texas, on May 13th, and Gen. Kirby Smith surrendered the la s t Confederate troops,in Texas, on May 26th. The War Was Over 11 The Judge_ Wri^tWJurder A ffa ir ^ - In the R olla area, there were no fu rth er m ilita r y operations of consequence subsequent to the P rice raid o f Octbber—Novembe 1864* But a g r e a tly lamented aftermath was the d elib era te murder, several miles south o f R olla, o f the former Phelps County presiding judge o f the County Court ~Lewis F. Wright - and his four sons. The fam ily was suspected o f having playedra nai or part in the robbing and burning o f Federal wagon tra in s, and of having in. ___ | s.!I A it s ^ oossession some o f the goods so taken,; taken, along with Union so ld ier uniform uniforms.

J roving band,which ^openly represented-1 that i t was a state a i l i t l a group, went to the Wright home, siezed Judge Wright and his four sons, marched them along the road to R o lla, and when only a m ile or two from home, lin ed a l l fiv e men up andj shot • BVm^ \ t h e m ^ ^ ^ ^ g ! . R o lla m s t e r r ib ly upset over the incident, had a mass meeting, composed resolu tion s that were printed in St* Louis newspapers. Some R o lla -ite s roundly.condemned the action, as Gov* Fletcher had p o s it iv e ly prohibited'such acts of1 re trib u tio n or revenge* Other c itiz e n s said the act was deserved* B u ria l *fas made in the King '.Cemetery, on Corn Or^ek not fa r from the Wright home*.

CHIEF GIVI LI M'I_AF?AIR3 State and N ational_E lections^ 18^4.*" At the general e le c tio n in Missouri as o f Tuesday, Nov. 8,1834, Abraham Lincoln received 71,6 76 votes as opposed to 31,626 fo r Gen. George 3 M cC lellan ,.the Democratic nominee.' fo r UM . president. ...F o r Missouri governor Thomas C. Fletcher, hero o f P ilo t Knob, a-.;foremost leader o f the 11R adical” Republicans, received 71,531 votes, and so defeated Thomas L. Price, who received 30 406 vo te s. Fletcher ran on a platform sb£ i~r-l®6.iat_e ( not gradual) a b o litio n o f s la v e r y 'in Missouri — Price as a conservative, advocating-a m ilder program. The Radicals elected most a l l State o ffic e r s , and so in itia te d a State urogram which demanded an extremely harsh "oath o f a lle g ia n c e ” , whereby the deponent had°to deny p a rtic ip a tio n .in any form^in the re b e llio n , and deny a l| :o having pu l i c l y advocated e ith e r secession or slavery, orj aid and 6*Jjbr t _ t o the engg v j here were seme 80 or more s p e c ific stip u la tion s - and so many mis sour lans cound not or DID not talce the oath, than they were ordered disfranchised - along witn several state supreme court ju s tic e s and over 100 c i v i l o ffic e r s in Sc.Louis.^ how R olla fared i s not ex a c tly known, but there was a change in the o f fic e o f c ir c u it judge.

Th« 1365 OCCon stitu tion al Conventi£n_And_The_Constitut3.on I ^ _ p r a f^ t e a. *T*h .e* KovemL li€ l o o p n S U J . ^UUJ-Uiics.-fc. x » — •— —* r~ 7*. — -| Lection o f 1864 had on the b a llo t the question as to whether a con stitu tion al ber I of onvention,' convention should be held - and also the names [t o such t_-------_— ~~t-i f i t were dele­ The Ccnheld. The proposition carried, and the __66__ delegates were ejected . g a te s mot in St.Louis on January _6__ , le€>5. I t s f i r s t act wa3 to vention ss an ordinance d ecla rin g sla very abolished at once, in M issouri. Gov. Fletcher sroclaimed that decision on January 11t’n .

• .

The Convention, in which Charles D. Drake was a foremost and. prime lea d er, sent on to frame-x&x a State C onstitution, often c a lle d the ’'Drake Constitution- , »hich was designed to disfran ch ise the many Missourians ^ o had^parUcipated ^ Wav a t a l l in the r e b e llio n , who had given aid and comfort_ to tne enmay, or wno pu blicly had advocated or sympathized with the re b e llio n or c r it ic iz e s the Uni-V

i

-----y

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*

i - r ...... firmr i mirm i n . .

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,i t . ,n

Ed 5:15 ?4. Fer Feb 10' 6 ?

i. 71 i -U - ii

States ;government, or who advocated slavery. The Convention adopted this constitution on A p r il 8,1865, and adjourned. scon a ft e r . I£issourians voted on the constitution on June 6, 1365, and it was approved by a vote of 43,67O to 41,303. Gov. Fletcher proclaimed i t i n e f f e c t on July 4, 1865.

O ffices Vacated, —t is ^ o u r ia it a jils fr ^ c h is e d .- The new constitution provided an e x c e e d in g ly !s tr ic t oath of a llegia n ce, both to the United States and to Missouri, to be taken by a l l voters, ju rors, lawyers, c i v i l o ffic e r s , teachers, and ministers of the gospel. At the p o lls , .e le c tio n judge's .were empowered to prevent fo lk s from Voting, requirements, as seen hsy those jud s. This resulted in a tre -r, nenaous and whole sale disenfranchisement of thousands of Missourians, and helped the "Radical*' Republicans to win th e ir various ele ctio n s and carry out th eir extremely a n ti-s la v e ry an ti-secession p o lic ie s .

By sp e c ific a tio n o f the constitution'•’and order.

Gov. Plfitfthery'ovei* Fletcher ^over i v i el so ffic e s in S t. Louis were declared vacant, and over o f -r,(w.

ICO c i vICO i l ocffic in So the State some 340 - a l l because incumbents did not meet the requirements set up _ by the co n stitu tion . S h e r iffs , county and c ir c u it c le rk s _thus lo s t th eir jobs - as did county and c ir c u it judges — and even severa l members o f Missouri oupreme Court.

Bitter cries of anguish went up, but to vacated offices.

no

avail.

The Governor simpiy filled the

Condition Of__Rolla__and, Phelps Co^ntyJCovernment.-'Exactly how Rolla and Phelps County fared under these circumstances i s hot too c le a r. As lo r R o lla government, o f f i c i a l records are s ile n t . There appear to be none. For the County, no m aterial v cnanw appears o have been made. No o ffic e s appear to nave been v»cuoeu by order HJHUH, Up to Feb. 6, 1365, the County Court consisted of^presiding judge Governor« OX John G. Hutchinson, and the associate judges Dabney Hudgens (west sid e) and A.Demgle- : v io lf, who aooears to have been appointed when Evan G. Morse died. But on May i , 1865 as a new', court term began, the county court co n sis te d )o f Dr . V.G.Latham, presiding iud^e, and associates A*Demple^olf (wast Morse ^ c P .Walker was replaced as county and c ir c u it clerk by Horatio V/alccsc, the next e d ito r o f the R o lla Express. Robert Love was s h e r iff, W.C.Tork Commissioner to sel_ countv lo t s -in R o lla subdivision......... The ro s te r of c ir c u it judges tor the time is thus: 1359-61, James H. McBride;.. . 1862, John S. WaddiU; ....1862- 63, W illiam G. Pomeroy; . . . 1363-68, Aaron Van Woraer.

THE

STORY

OF

M IS S O U R I

•

REBIRTH+BANK+IMILLS+COLLEGES

FO LLO WSM ALLPO X+FIRES+R.R.EXODUS 1865-1880

By Dr. and Mrs. C lair V. Mann R olla , M issouri COPYRIGHT, 1974

By C la ir V. Mann and Bonita H. Mann Tenants By The E n tire ty A ll Rights Reserved.

No p o rtio n o f th is Story may be reproduced

By Any Process Whatever Without W ritten Permission Of Copyright H olders.

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CVM July 6,1969.

This F in al E d itio n .

R

O

L

L

A

(M issouri ) B o o k

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R olla Under State. Charter. Government The. Year£ 186l_Throu^i_1890 -----This S e c t i o n ------Xears_186^ - 1880

Tte Tows^Of B e lla GuTforty G a l o ^ ^ rj;'"fc[odu&i|_ B i£ e a o ^ '-_ B o fla tl£ n S e ^ - S H 'y v i v o o

And

G i » p <j b i

FOREWORD: In the previous se ctio n s of this s to r y , we hare traced the o rig in s o f the City o f R olla , M issouri, and have described the te rro rs o f the C iv il War o f years 1861-65 through which i t passed. In this and the fo llow in g se ctio n s, we s h a ll h i g h - l i^ i t the c i t y and county governments, the schools and churches, the business and in d u stry and other m iscellaneous community events and a ffa ir s which in la te r years b e f e l l the town. The present s e ctio n w il l be lim ited to the years from 1865 through 1880.

The. Zc^.n_°£. ^ ° lla Suffers Calamity*. Exodus*. D i£ease,_D eflation Yet Survives And Grows.

Calamity,*. P estilence*. F ires Descend U pon_R olla.- S ca rce ly had tte C iv il War come to an end b efore great calam ity descended upon R o lla . The town's business houses and homes had been h a s t ily b u ilt , and by one commentator the v illa g e was described as a "shanty town". There were few, i f any, houses or stores b u ilt o f b r ic k or f i r e - p r o o f m aterials - the court house and j a i l being ex cep tion s.

Thus i t was that on June 20, 1865, a great f i r e broke out in the drug store o f Jeremiah S. French and Company, on the north side o f 8th s tre e t ju s t east o f Pine. I t destroyed a l l b u ild in g s on both sides of 8th s tre e t, from Pine on down to tte ra ilro a d track - except only the wooden frame wholesale warehouse o f Faulk­ ner and Graves. In a l l , some 45 bu ild in gs went up in smoke. The fr a n tic e f f o r t s put fo r th by town c it iz e n s and Union s o ld ie r s were o f no a v a il.

The l o s s in d o lla r s amounted to some $290,000 - but the re a l damage was that many o f the merchants whose stores had been destroyed were unable to reb u ild , and so they departed fo r other re g io n s. Tte p r in c ip a l s u ffe re r s , fin a n c ia lly , were th ese: The J .S . French company - J.H. Yost & Co. - B.C. McCreedy - Dr. L.A. W ilson J.C .Jew ett - E.M. Kraus - Peter 0 . M etier - S. Grayson - O'Brien B ros. - Frank Rogers — Jacob Suss — L.E . G^een & Co. — and Leu & Bros.

Exodus_Adds To_Cala m ity .- Then, as tte 'w a r ended, the Union troops were withdrawn and mustered out. Some 2,000 refugees l e f t . During most o f the war, the average number o f troops quartered in R olla numbered from 6C0 to 2,000. This withdrawal meant, o f course, that stores and merchants, whose business had^been la r g e ly patronized by s o ld ie r s , now lo s t that market. And, as we hare said, many o f those merchants whose buildings had been destroyed by the f i r e l e f t town.

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Others l e f t because o f th is business d e c lin e . And, as there was no more use fo r many o f the buildings the Army had constructed fo r war purposes, numbers o f them were torn s down fo r the lumber they contained. This was e s p e c ia lly true o f the old "Gr eek Cross" or "S tar" f o r t - Fort Dette - on the present School o f Mines campus, whose heavy 12x12 inch tim bers, resawed or l e f t unaltered, were bought and used t o reb u ild numbers o f the buildings the fir e had destroyed.

The. Railroad_Terminus_ Moves. On*. Adds_To C alam ity.- A ll during the C iv il War, the old Southwest Branch o f the parent " P a c ific " ra ilro a d had it s terminus in R o lla . That meant the huge shipments to R olla , over the r a ilro a d , o f a l l manner o f m ilit a r y and c i v i l i a n supplies - and the re-shipment out o f R o lla , by wagon tra in , o f the same. But the S te r lin g P rice raid through Ironton and J efferson City, in the f a l l o f 1864, had so badly ripped up the track and burned the brid ges, buildngs, and prop erty o f the S t.L ou is—Kansas City lin e - the Iron Mountain p ortion - and the R olla branch, that the ra ilro a d companies could not p o s s ib ly cope with the finan­ c i a l problems r e s u ltin g .

And so, because the State had h ea v ily subsidized these roads, M issouri now had to fo r e c lo s e and seize them, and fcr a time operate them as State r a ilr o a d s .

This, however, was not a sound State p o lic y , so M issouri sold the roads at au ction .

Gen. John C. Fremont, path fin der cf the West, bought the Southwest Branch, and dur­ ing I866-67 extended i t from R olla to A rlin gton , 14 m iles west of R o lla . Thus, R olla was crip p led as a great shipping p oin t, and so l o s t both in prestige and in bu sin ess. We s h a ll add more to this d e s c r ip tio n in la t e r paragraphs.

Scourg£ Of Cholera And Smallpox Augment C alam ity.i f tte foregoin g ca la m ities were not enough, a seriou s epidemic o f ch olera and smallpox broke out among the Swedish workmen employed to extend the ra ilro a d from R olla to A rlington.

I f , u n t il now, there had not been in cen tive enou^i to persuade people to leave town, th is co n d itio n fu rn ish ed them - f o r cases developed rig h t in R o lls . The town’ s reported population o f 6, COO sou ls, here during war time, now dropped to some 1,500.

To care fo r the strick e n smallpox and cholera strick en p a tien ts, the City and County join ed hands on a 50-50 b a s is , and b u ilt a "pest house" or quarantine h o s p ita l on Fort Wyman h i l l . The co st o f $1,975*26 was equ ally s p l i t between c i t y and cou n ty. The c i t y borrowed $975*26 to handle i t s share o f the c o s t, and thereby incurred the debt which, by the I865 c o u n cil, was l e f t to plague the c i t y fa th ers o f 1869-70 - at which time the c o u n c il le v ie d a s p e c ia l tax to pay the debt. A fter numbers had paid th eir assessed p o rtio n , the tax was declared void, and the paid in sioms refunded. The debt was f i n a l l y paid in le g a l manner.

R ival R a ilroa d _P roject£ Create_Anxiety. - Many o f the new ra ilro a d pro­ je c t s o f the next ten years proved to be nothing more than hopeful ta lk . But there were at le a s t two proposed roads that g r e a tly worried R olla townbuilders o f the I865-8O p e r io d . Of th ose, the forem ost p o te n tia l threat was the "Salem and L it t le Rock" road. This was designed to leave the Southwest Branch at Cuba, go to S te e lv i l l e and Salem, and thence to L it t le Rock, Arkansas. R olla business men f e l t that, in t h is way, Salem would grow at the expense o f R o lla . L ffo r t s to s e l l " L it t le P*ock bonds" in Phelps County were overwhelmingly voted down. However, enough support was provided elsewhere to enable that road to b u ild from Cuba to Salem — where the support vanished and where the road ends today.

A second proposed road was to leave the Southwest Branch at St.James, and go thence t o L it t le Rock. Surveys were completed, but that is as fa r as the e n terp rise ever g o t. A sim ila r road from R olla was surveyed years la t e r through Salem, L ick in g, and Houston t o Cabool. Roadbed was p r a c t ic a lly fin ish e d from R olla to Salem- when the promoter committed forg ery , fin an ces dried up, and the p r o je c t fo ld e d up. . . . A Salem commentator o f 1870 remarked that R olla people were unduly w orried about the Salem and L it t le Rock road — fo r R olla had a th rivin g flomr m ill, good churches and s ch o o ls , and would soon have the School of Mines. ..S o , why w orrj.

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R o lla ’ _s R ailroad _Goes.2 p _ f£°{2. A r lin g to n .- We have already noted, in pre­ vious pages, that the Southwest Branch o f the mother " P a c ific " ra ilro a d reached R o lla on December 22, I860, and th at R olla remained the road’ s terminus throughout the C iv il War years, 1861-6$. The track gauge at that time was 5 '- 6 " , which was 9 j inches wider than today’ s standard ^.uge o f i+'-Sg". This meant that trains from the e a s t, cro ssin g the M is s is s ip p i r iv e r on Eads Bridge, would fin d i t im­ p o s s ib le t o continue on w est. Therefore, when th is fa c t was re a liz e d in 1869, Mis­ souri ordered a l l e x is tin g and a l l future ra ilro a d track to be changed to the narrower, standard gauge. On the St.Louis-Kansas C i t y l i n e , th is change was made a l l in a sin g le day - Sunday, in 1869. On the S t. L ou is-R olla lin e , the change was made in a ten day period , July 17 to 27, 1869. During that period, no tra in s were running. After the change, the narrowed locom otives bore such names as the "R o lla '’ , the "St.Jam es", the "Lebanon", and the "Gasconade".

With the C iv il War ended, i t was now time to consider pushing the road on west t o the P a c ific coast, according t o the o r ig in a l plan. Even during the war, P resident L in coln had suggested to Gen, Wm. S. Rosecrans, the M issouri De­ partment Commander, that the road might, w ith advantage to Union m ilita r y needs, be extended. Rosecrans was authorized to con tract the work, i f he considered i t fe a s a b le . However, the plan was dropped. But even e a r lie r , Gen. Samuel R. Curtis had a lso recommended such a plan.

Now, however, with both the parent " P a c ific " road, and this Southwest Branch h o p e le s s ly impaired, both p h y s ic a lly and fin a n c ia lly , the State on February 19, 1866, siezed tte roads by fo r e c lo s u r e , and fo r a b r i e f time operated them as State roads. The State had so far become entangled in ra ilro a d bonds and m ortganes t o the extent of $30,000,000. I t was high time the State got out o f the business, so the roads were sold a t a u ction .

Gen._John C._F|>emont_Buys_ Southwest, B ranch.- Gen. John C. Fremont, who had been none too s u c c e s s fu l as the commander o f the "Department o f the M issouri" e a rly in the war, was a ferv en t advocate o f P a c ific r a ilr o a d s . In h is pre-war explora­ tio n s , he had scoured the Rocky Mountains, seeking passes which ra ilro a d s could s u c c e s s fu lly surmount during winter weather. He had loca ted several such passes.

Now - disappointed in his wartime a c t i v i t i e s , he decided to have a hand at ra ilroa d b u ild in g . He found a f i r s t chance as the Kansas P a c ific was sta rted west from Kansas C ity, going to Denver. He had accumulated a modest fortune from his C ali­ fo r n ia gold mines, and had money t o in v e s t. But a fte r he and a defunct partner had b u ilt 40 m iles of track, unsurmountable d i f f i c u l t i e s arose which prevented his fu rth e r p a r t ic ip a tio n , and he withdrew.

Where_ Could He_NpW_Dig I n ? Here was this Southwest Branch, ly in g dormant at R olla , being o ffe r e d fo r sale at a u ction . I t had been le s s damaged than the parent St .Louis-Kansas City lin e , and was f a i r l y easy to r e h a b ilita te . He_would buy i t l . . . And so, on June 14, 1866, he p e rso n a lly bought the road, and in New York, among acquaintances, he organized a stock company which he c a lle d the SOUTHWEST PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY. He was i t s p resid en t.

Fremont's Atlantic_Ard_Pacifip _ C te rte r. - While a l l this was being done, Fremont on July 27th, 1866, obtained from the U.S. Congress a most comprehensive ch arter and r ig h t-o f-w a y fcr an "A tla n tic and P a c ific " ra ilro a d , which would sta rt from S p r in g fie ld , M issouri, and end in C a lifo rn ia , e ith e r at San tra n c is co , or San Diego - or both . For stock holders in this new company, Fremont gathered in a great number o f c it iz e n s — and h is admirers — from a l l parts o f the n a tion . The contemplated r a ilro a d would even tu ally take in a l l o f the road, from S t.L ouis to San F rancisco - hence the name la te r chosen fo r the lin e - S t. Louis and San Fran­ c is c o Railway.

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^ _ Ai 1ZI £ P ^ ta n t_ P ro v isio n o f this A & P charter was that Fremont was granted a l l the even numbered p u b lic land survey section s along the route that were w ith in ten m iles each side o f the surveyed center li n e . These lands, when sold f o r p r ic e s between $1.25 and $2.50 per acre, would m a te ria lly help finance the road.

Fremont Builds_From Rolla T o J ^ lin £ to n x-fhen_Goes Bankru£t.- Under pro­ v is io n s o f the A & P Charter, the road had to be completed to M issou ri’ s west lin e

by December 31> 1870. h;pemont could take from a l l adjacent lands such necessary b u ild in g m aterials as earth, stone, and timber - but he must a lso occupy th is r ig h t of-w ay b efore other p a rtie s might do so, or lo s e such occupied p ortion s of the gran t. R ivals could enter and b u ild , i f thqy got there before Fremont d id . As i t eventuated, some r iv a l p a rties a c tu a lly dM t h i s .

With the Southwest P a c ific Company thus created, Fremont employed a compe­ ten t c i v i l engineer - a Mr. Arrowsmith - to handle the engineering work. Associa­ ted with him was young Jim Dun, a capable chap who was to r e a lly make ra ilro a d engineering h is to r y . Dun would p re se n tly become c h ie f engineer o f th is Southwest Branch, and even tu a lly c h ie f engineer o f the e n tir e Santa Fe system. He was a grandson o f W alter Dun, of Ohio and Kentucky, who was the f i r s t member o f the Dun fa m ily to come to America from S cotlan d. Walter Dun became a great landholder and r a is e r of thorough-bred stock in Kentucky.

The Change_0f Route_ Alignment,.- Up to 1866, the Southwest P a c i f i c 's route was designed to go from A rlin gton up the east bank o f the Gasconade to the con flu ­ ence o f the Big Piney, then up that stream to the present Fort Leonard Wood area.

Near the F ort, the lin e had to p ierce two f a i r l y long tunnels in order to get in to the Roubidoux v a lle y , and thence to Lebanon. These two tunnels had been started ju s t b efore the C iv il War broke, but had then been discon tin u ed. Because the ro a d 's charter required i t to reach M is s o u ri's west lin e by the end o f 1870, i t was de­ cided that that dead lin e could not p o s s ib ly be met i f the tunnels had to be d riv ­ en. Some other route must be found. I t was Mr. Arrowsmith’ s jo b , w ith the aid o f young Jim Dun, to fin d that rou te.

The Dixon H ill_R oute_Is Chosen.- The alternate route was found by turning north from the Gasconade crossin g beyond A rlington, going through the future s it e o f Jerome, and passing up a steep ravine to the west. This was fa r from being the most d esira b le lo c a t io n , but i t could be b u ilt so as to meet the deadline date.

The main o b je c t io n was the n e c e s s ity of using sharp curves and steep g r a d e s ... The d e c is io n was so made - and surveys were completed to Lebanon. Then the Southwest P a c ific company went bankrupt. So fa r as Fremont was concerned, i t was a l l over.

The State fo r e c lo s e d a second time, again took over and operated the road.

The South P a c ific Company Takes Over^- A State le g is la t iv e act dated March 17, 1868, provided fo r the tra n sfe r o f a l l the road and it s property to a new fin a n c ia l group, which would organize as the South P a c ific Railroad_Com£any. This group con sisted o f men capable of fin an cin g the road, and liv in g va riou sly in Boston, New York, and S t. L ou is. So empowered to do, the group met and organized in S t. Louis, with Mr. Francis B. Hayes as presiden t, and Mr. Andrew Pe±rce_ as man­ aging d i r e c t o r . Mr. Peirce ( J r .) took up residence in S t. Louis, from where he most a c t iv e ly superintended and promoted the con stru ction of the road from A rlington to S p r in g fie ld . Mr. Hayes played a most phenominal r o le by securing and furnishing the iron r a il s - which he at" f i r s t got from Europe, and then from the Cambria S te e l Works in America — along with the money required to pay la b o re rs, engineers, and co n tra cto rs^ .

Thus the con stru ction went q u ie t ly and e f f e c t i v e l y from one s ta tio n to the next - A rlin gton t o Lebanon ( reached Sept. 30> 1869 ) and S p rin g fie ld , where a great ce le b r a tio n was held on May 3, 1870. The goal was in sig h t.

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An in t e r e s t in g item is th at, as the road progressed, one s ta tio n a ft e r another was named fo r some d ir e c t o r o f the company. Thus, the town o f Crocker was named fc r Mr. Crocker - Richland fo r Mr. Rich - Sleeper fo r Mr. Sleeper - Stout-land fo r Mr. Stout - P eirce City fo r Mr. P eirce - and Selign&n fo r Mr. Seligraan.

The C eleb ra tion a t_ S £ rin £ fie Id , May 3,1370, had i t s d i f f i c u l t i e s . P rior to that date, two S p r in g fie ld le a d e rs, former R olla re sid e n ts - Dr. E.T. Robberson and C ol. Sempronius H. Boyd ( R o lla ’ s wartime commandant) had concocted a cle v e r plan. (Robberson would soon become young Jim Dunf s fa t h e r -in -la w .) . . . These two men caused a la rge c i t y su b d iv ision to be la id out a mile cr so north of downtown S p r in g fie ld . Then they o ffe r e d the South P a c ific read h a lf of the lo t s and b lo ck s, on co n d itio n that the company would bu ild tte depot and bring the main lin e t o th is area in stead o f to tte downtown area. B esides t h is , the two had bought up all the favorable depot tra cts downtown, and held them at unreasonably high p r ic e s . The ra ilro a d took the b a it , and so b u ilt the roa d .

So on thin May 3rd c e le b r a tio n occa sion , tte r a ilro a d cars dumped the passengers, n ota b les and a l l , out there on the p r a ir ie - and the passengers had to walk cr rid e over th at du sty t r a i l in to town, where the e x e r cis e s were held. Ex­ governor Thomas C. F letch er and Governor J.W. McClurg were among tte notables and McClurg was to make the p r in c ip a l speech. Were the assembled people angry 1 The South. P a c ific , Had Now Reached Its G oal. I t had come to the i n i t i a l point o f the A & P rig h t-o f-v «a y . I t was thus th at, on October 26, 1870, the South P a c ific company sold out to tte A tla n tic and P a c ific Railroad Company which Fremont had organized - which included presiden t F rancis B. Hayes and other d ir e c t o r s o f the South P a c if i c company. The new group had no trouble in extending the lin e to Seneca, on M issou ri’ s west li n e , b e fo re 1870 ended. Not only that, but i t then b u ilt on in t o Oklahoma, and to a ju n ctio n with" the "Katy" road ( M issouri, Kansas and Texas ) at V in ita . Here the road rested - "went to sle e p " - fo r some years u n til taken over by the Santa Fe and F ris co roads in order to b u ild on w est.

We must now d r a s t ic a ll y condense the balance o f th is ra ilro a d h isto ry , om itting cou n tle ss d e t a i ls , which can be read in a "Source M aterials H istory of the F ris co R a ilro a d ", w ritte n by Dr. C.V.Mann as o f f i c i a l F ris co h is to r ia n , 1945-47* We in clu d e t h is r a ilr o a d h is to r y fo r the reason that i t v i t a l l y concerned R o lla .

The St^_ Louis and San F rancisco R ailroad_Takes_O ver.- To resume, the A & P company continued to operate the road from S t. Louis to V in ita u n t il Sept. 8, 1876, when i t s su ccessor company, tte S t. Louis and San F ran cisco Railway Company took p o s s e s s io n . Young Jim Dun became it s c h ie f en gin eer. Under him, two branch lin e s were b u i l t - the one jo in in g Monett, M issou ri, to P aris, Texas - and the other going from S p r in g fie ld t o W ich ita, Kansas. This la s t lin e would soon become tte c ro ss-co n ­ tin en t lin e passing through R olla from S t. Louis to San F ra n cisco. Mr. Dun a ls o introduced tte b u ild in g o f b rid ges o f s t e e l, ra th er than of wood. P resen tly he was named c h i e f engineer o f tte e n t ir e Santa Fe system.

Tte_Santa_Fe Swallow s_Tte_Frisco And. A & P Roads..- In 1879, fin a n c ia l giants o f tte n a tion were competing w ith cu t—throat t a c t i c s . Jay Gould, of the Union Pa­ c i f i c lin e s - W illiam B. Strong o f the Santa Fe - C b lis P. Huntington o f tte South­ ern P a c if i c — w ith o th e rs. In th is t e r r i f i c b a t t le , the Santa re, wanting from Albuquerque to San F ra n cisco, watched tte "F risco" and EA tla n tic and P a cifid situ a ­ tio n lik e a hungry w o lf s ta lk in g a lamb. I f the Santa Fe c o u ld _occupy_the Fremont ch arter r ig h t-o f-w a y from Albuquerque to San F ran cisco, then jo in up with Jam Dun s F ris co lin e from W ich ita to S t. L ou is, then the Santa Fe would have an e x c e lle n t tra n s -c o n tin e n ta l system. To do t h is , i t was neoessary fo r the Santa Fe gain c o n t r o l o f the F r is c o road, and tte Fremont A & P ch a rte r. This i t d id . The old A tla n tic arri P a c if i c road, or company, was resu rrected and given a new set of o ff ic e r s .

Then a " t r i - p a r t i t e agreement" was made, tyin g together the adm inistrations oi a l l th ree companies. The Santa Fe and the F risco were required to furnish the cash f o r co n s tru ctio n , while the A tla n tic and P a c if i c furnished the chartered r ig h t-o f-w a y .

V

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Under th is plan, the Santa Fe and the F ris co companies shared the cash co sts on a 50 to 50 b a s is . The A tla n tic and P a c ific then gave the tv»o other companies the p u b lic lands granted by the United S ta te s. Again, the Santa Fe and the F risco shared on a 50 to 50 b a s is - and th is explain s why the F risco ra ilro a d s t i l l owns thousands o f acres o f land in New Mexico and A rizona. ...T h e d ea l was so made, ard the road b u ilt across New Mexico ard Arizona, from Albuquerque t o Needles, on the Colorado r iv e r .

The lin e so b u ilt was c a lle d the "Santa Fe P a c i f i c " .

This t r i - p a r t it e *■ agreement was dated January 21, 1880. I t terminated on June 30, 1896. £ ° l i s P♦ Huntin g ton Pre-empts A & P R ight-of-w ay_In C a lifo r n ia .- Meantime, the gian t C a lifo r n ia Southern P a c if i c promoter, C o lis P. Huntington - not wanting a r iv a l r a ilr o a d in h is area - concocted a plan t o prevent the Santa Fe from complet­ in g i t s li n e in t o San F ra n cisco. To do t h is , he would occupy the C a lifo r n ia p ortion o f Fremont’ s con g ression a l r ig h t-o f-w a y - as the Charter i t s e l f perm itted. And th is he d id , b u ild in g from B a k ersfield through C a lifo r n ia poin ts o f Tehachapa Pass, Mojave, Barstow , and on to Needles, on the Colorado r iv e r .

I t was thus that magnate Huntington and Santa Fe presiden t William B. Strong fa ce d each other a cross the Colorado r iv e r . Each had b u ilt as fa r as he could le g a lly g o . What would they now do ?? . . . F in a n cia l problems which each shared d icta te d the answer. Both were c lo s e t o bankruptcy. N either wanted th a t. A compromise seemed in order - and was made. Huntington gave Strong the r ig h t-o f-w a y and h is own track in t o San F ra n cisco - in exchange f o r the Santa F e 's e x c e lle n t lin e out o f Arizona and the United S tates to the prominent old Mexican seaport o f Guaymas . And thus was the matter s e t t le d ; R o lla Is_0n Through C ontinental Line^ St._ Louis to _ P a cific _ C o a s t. - This len gth y s to r y may be somewhat out o f order here - but fo r the fa c t that R olla was now an importamt s ta tio n on the S t. Louis-San F rancisco co n tin e n ta l railw ay l i n e . A con n ection o f the F risco at W ichita was made with the Santa Fe at the s ta tio n o f H alstead, Kansas - a town nine m iles west c£ Newton, ten m iles e a st o f today’ s town o f Burrton. Halstead is 25 m iles due east of Hutchinson and 5 south o f that c i t y .

I t i s 10 m iles west and 20 north o f W ich ita . . . . For the years from 1880 u n t il 1896, R o lla was, in t h is way, on a tra n s -co n tin e n ta l l i n e . A ll t r a f f i c between S t.L ou is and C a lifo r n is went over th is l i n e .

That meant huge shipments through R olla o f c a t t l e , g ra in s, f r u i t s , and m iscellan eous merchandise, as w e ll as passenger t r a f f i c .

The, Pnisco_Is_ Releas£d_From Santa Pe_Dominance. - The F risco was in these ways t ie d t o the Santa Fe system u n t il June 30, 1896, when the F ris co again emerged as a fr e e and undominated road. During the next two decades, i t b u ilt several thou­ sand m iles o f new road, and took over se ctio n s o f old er roads. Most of the new lin e s were in Oklahoma. Old and new roads were join ed and b u ilt from Kansas C ity through S p r in g fie ld , Memphis, and Birmingham to Pensacola, F lo rid a , g iv in g the F risco a good s e a p o rt.

A la s t and great exten sion was the b u ild in g , from Chicago and S t. Louis to New Orleans - and thence t o B row n sville, Texas ( on the way t o Old Mexico C ity) o f a grandly en vision ed "system" that was to t ie togeth er the F ris co ana the Rock I s ­ land, with other l i n e s .

To aid in t h is , a new main lin e down the west shore o f the M is s is s ip p i, from S t.,L o u ie , was b u ilt , and commodious term inals b u ilt at i t s end in New O rleans. A ll th is expansion was the dream o f the F r is c o ’ s p resid en t, Benjamin F. Yoakum. However, the w orld ’ s pocket book was not a v a ila b le , and the grand dream c o lla p s e d . The M issouri P a c ific now owns the "B row n sville" li n e , jo in in g that town t o New O rleans.

Today (1969), the F ris co road i s fr e e from domination, in good fin a n c ia lc o n d i t i o n v W h istles o f i t s d iesel-pow ered fr e ig h t tra in s can be heard almost every hour o f any day. F reigh t tra in s , carryin g th ree-decker automobile transport cars, would make almost a dozen tra in len gth s o f the old-tim e steam tr a in s . But, alas, the chugging passenger tra in s — fou r to fiv e each way d a ily — are com pletely gone. The l a s t run, east to west, was made on

CVH 7 /8 /6 9

- 7 P o l i t i c s In R o lla . 1865-1880 ...C o u n ty O ffic e r s And A ffa ir s

— J ^ mo i l 8 f_ A ft£ r £ ^ a r _ P o lit ic £ .- Consider the co n d itio n o f a town whose in h a b ita n ts, fo llo w in g war, was h a lf "Union", h a lf "R eb el". And, by State law, the " r e b e l" fa c t io n denied the p r iv ile g e , e ith e r o f votin g, or o f holding any c i v i l o f f i c e ! How could these people l i v e alongside each other in peace ? ...W e ll, they d id - but th ey went through a t e r r i f i c ten -year period o f p o l i t i c a l a d ju st- ’ ment. That in v olv ed them not only in th e ir l o c a l and county a f f a i r s , but a lso , to an even g r e a te r ex te n t, in State and N ational p o l i t i c s . Let us take a look at the s itu a tio n which e x is te d from 1865 t o 1880.

The Phel£3_C oun ty. Court,.- Since R o lla is the seat o f county government, we must at le a s t mention the County Court - the county* s business agency. And so we say th at, f o r th is p eriod , and in county a f f a i r s , lo c a l issu es were not in the foreground, not dominant. The County Court, o f course, and fo r the years 186575, had to be c o n s titu te d o f men who endorsed and supported the state-w ide "R adical R epublican", a n t i-s e c e s s io n is t views - but there was not too much personal fe e lin g in the s e le c t io n o f county cou rt judges, or o f c i r c u i t court judges and c le r k s .

R o lla town government had been subordinated to Union m ilita r y ru le - and because o f th a t, c i t y government had a l l but vanished. An adjustment in the town ch arter, pu ttin g i t in lin e w ith m ilit a r y c o n t r o l, was made in I863. Both c i t y and county governments had to be r e h a b ilita te d fo llo w in g the C iv il War. The 3 u cce s s io n _ 0 f County_Courfc_Judge£, _1865.-1880.- In our appendix, an appropriate ta b le su p p lies d e t a ile d dates and other data, i f wanted. In what now fo llo w s , the first-n am ed judge f o r any year is the "p re sid in g " judge (" P J " ).

The two a s s o c ia te ju d ges, from "East" side (E) and west side (W) are designated by the l e t t e r s "E" and "W" fo llo v jin g r e sp e ctiv e names.

As o f February 1, I865, John G. Hutcheson had been p resid in g judge, Dabney T. Hudgens (W) and Evan G. Morse (E) the a s s o c ia t e s . These men seem to have been removed from o f f i c e by Gov. F letch e r, in h is general state-w ide purge o f c i v i l o f f i c e r s - although Hutcheson was "Union" in p o lic y . At any ra te , the next court con sisted o f Dr. V.G. Latham (P J), and a s s o c ia te s A. Demplewolf (E) and W illiam Morse (W). In 1867, W illiam Morse presided, and a s s o c ia te s were John McDole (E) and R.W. Wade (W). For 1869, Morse p resid ed , W.R.P. Seaman (E) and R.W.Wade (W) were a s s o c ia t e s . Judge Morse d ied on September 30, 1869, and in s p e c ia l e le c t io n C lifto n B. B e it z e l was chosen in h is stea d , and fin is h e d the 1869-70 term.

For the term 1871-72, John G. Hutcheson again presided, w ith a sso cia te s W.R.P. Seaman (E) and R.W. Wade (W). Seaman became in volved in a U.S. post o f f i c e fraud, was t r ie d and removed in May, 1872. James R« Bowman, of St.James, was e le c ­ ted in h is p la c e . For 1873-72)., Hutcheson presided, with a ss o cia te s James R. Bowman (E) and John A. S a lly (W). . . . For 1875-76, James R. Bowman presided, w ith O.P. P a u ls e ll (E) and John A. S a lly (W) . . . . The same members served a second term, 187778. . . . For 1879-1880, O liver P. P a u ls e ll became p resid in g judge, L.R. Matlock (E) and W illiam Black (W) the a s s o c ia t e s .

During these years, the fo llo w in g men served as County Clerk; 18o2 to lb65, Charles P. W alker; 1865-66, Horace W ilco x ; 1867-68, C.M. Hamill; 1869-70, Jeremiah S. French; 1870, C.M. Hamill; 1871-1886, Jeremiah S. French.

Nat ure 0f_County B u s in e s s :- A c h ie f item o f county business was, of course, the assessment o f county and c i t y property, the c o lle c t i o n of taxes, and the expenditure o f these funds. When cash was sca rce, county bonds were issued - and in 1870 the Court made the great e rro r o f issu in g county bonds in the sum 01 $75 000 in a id o f tte S ch ool o f Mines - w ithout f i r s t submitting the question to the* county-w ide v o t e r s . Hence, in 1874 the cou rts decla red these bonds v o id .

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Another important item was county road lo c a t io n , b u ild in g , and maintenance.

At one time, the county had some 28 county road overseers, assigned to care fo r road co n s tru ctio n and maintenance. Some few small brid ges were b u i l t .

In 1865-66, the epidem ic o f ch olera and smallpox compelled the county, j o i n t l y w ith the c i t y of R o lla , to b u ild a quarantine h o s p ita l on Fort Wyman h i l l .

The co st - some $1,900 - was s p l i t e q u a lly between the county and R o lla ....A r d in 1869, W illiam G. Pomeroy and M ilton Santee, o f f i c i a l l y appointed so to do, made a comprehensive fin a n c ia l au dit o f county books, showing money c o lle c t e d and spent over the period 1857 to 1869. . . . A s p e c ia l note is that fo r many years the p re sid in g judge served a ls o as the co u n ty 's probate judge.

For county-wide e le c t io n purposes, the Court divided the whole county area in to se v e ra l p o l i t i c a l v otin g townships - s e t dates fo r county e le c tio n s - ap­ poin ted judges and cle rk s o f e le c t io n s , and f i n a l l y canvassed e le c t io n retu rn s.

The Court a ls o e s ta b lis h e d county sch o o l d i s t r i c t s over the en tire county, giv in g each a number chosen in terms of p u b lic land survey s e ctio n s and townships. This numbering system changsd from tine t o tim e.

Seme Sa/nple_Countj£ Properj^_Valuations_.- A comparison of some o f the assessed valu ation s o f Phelps County property over the la s t century i s o f some in t e r e s t - e s p e c ia lly when compared w ith the valuation fo r the year 1968. Even though our fig u r e s are sca tte re d , they provide some b a s is fo r comparison. Thise f o r 1968 are f o r on ly on e-th ird o f the true or t o t a l v a lu a tion . We assume that, fo r most oth er years mentioned, that was a ls o the b a s is . Here are the sca ttered valu ation s - which fo r s e v e ra l years, seem out of lin e w ith the oth ers.

O f f i c i a l Valuation Value Of Real Estate Personal Property The Year ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$1,045,000 $ ............................. $ .......................

459,815 -----1,194,220 ........... .

1,654,035 2,790,181 .

555,676 . . . . .

630,976 ......... 2,865,481 » •«••••# + 2,954,178 ...

1,418,160 ........... .

393,709 ......... 1,811,869 1,493,436 • ••»•»«# •+#+• 1,748,279 496,992 ......... 1,761,559 ...

1,2 64 ,567 ........... .

532,601 ......... 1,815,994 ...

1,2 83 ,393 .............

1968 . . .

33,951,181

1866 1869 1870 1871 1872 1875 1877 1878 1879 1880

..

Sample_Tax_Rgjtes. - Just as a sample, the tax rates le v ie d by the County fo r I87O were as fo llo w s : General county tax, 40 cents per $100 va lu a tio n .

Road tax, 40 c e n ts ; bond in t e r e s t , 20 ce n ts; poor house tax, 10 ce n ts; State re v e nue tax, 25 c e n ts; S tate in te r e s t tax, 25 ce n ts. T otal, $1.70 per 4100 va lu a tion .

The county taxes fo r the year 1968, a century la t e r , were th ese, per $100 v a lu a tion ! S ta te, $0.03 ..c o u n ty general $0.50 ..h o s p it a l $0.15 ..r o a d and bridge $0.35 . . county sch ool $ 0 .8 0 .. T otal on $100 valu ation , $1.83. Compare with $1.70 fo r a century e a r l i e t , 1870.

Ihe C ir cu it C o u rt.- The le g a l c i r c u i t cou rt, which b esid es Phelps County, served sev era l other cou n ties, had in common the c ir c u it Judge• Tne other o f f ic e r s f o r Phelps County, alone, were the s h e r if f , the c ir c u it c le r k and recorder, and a S ta te ’ s c i r c u i t a ttorn ey - la te r a lo c a l county prosecu ting attorn ey.

The c i r c u i t judges serving from 1857 to 1880 were th ese: 1857-60, P.H.Edwards..

I860—6 l, James H. McBride . . . 1861—62, John S. Vfaddill . . . 1862-64, W illiam G. Pom­ e roy . . . 1864-68, Aaron Van Wormer...1 8 6 9 -7 6 , E lija h Perry . . and 1877-80, V .B .H ill.

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C ir cu it Clerks and Recorders who served during the same period , 1857-1880, ware Lyle S in gleton , Francis Marion Lenox, Charles P. Walker, H.L. Wheat, E.M.Clark, G ra n ville A llen , and Ge orge Hume. . . .S h e r iffs included Francis M. Wishon, Edward B laine, ohestine M ille r, John M. Dunivin, Robert A. Love, Henry C leino, and James L. Smith . . .Among, p rosecu tin g a tto rn e y s were Henry Warmoth, Isaac Warmoth, W illiam C. K elly, A lf H arris, and E lija h Perry. Pleasant Gaddy was an a d d itio n a l s h e r if f .

B esides conducting rou tin e and s p e c ia l c i v i l and crim in al cases, the c ir c u it cou rt handled in co rp o ra tio n proceedings fo r many lo c a l concerns, such as the R olla M ill Co., the R o lla Bank C o., the R olla H otel Co., and the Board of Trustees fo r both the M ethodist church and it s R o lla C o lle g e . Also the Board fo r the Western Conservatory cf Mus i c .

The COUNTY COURT cared f o r in co rp o ra tio n of towns and c i t i e s .

The C ir c u it Court a ls o granted d iv o rce s - one sp e cia l case being that o f Judge Aaron ®an Wormer, who presided at h is own d iv o rce from h is w ife . He la t e r re-mar­ r ie d h e r.

The Im gact_0f State A ffa ir s O n _R oila_P olitics,. - Because o f Unionist c o n tro l o f R o lla during the C ivil. War, the in flu en ce o f Southern sympathizers was kept at a minimum. The State C on stitu tion o f I865, together w ith the ordinances passed by the State Convention, made the taking o f a harsh oath o f a lle g ia n ce o b lig a to r y f o r v o t e r s . C iv il o f f i c e r s , law yers, ju r o r s , teach ers, and preachers could not exer­ c is e any d u tie s o f th e ir o f f i c e s un less they took the oath. This e f f e c t i v e l y kept R olla p o l i t i c s in the hands o f the U nionists - the "R adical Republicans" as they were c a lle d . Governor Thomas C. F letch er was the v ig o ro u sly "r a d ic a l" c h ie f e x e c u tiv e . Under the old c o n s titu tio n , he held o f f i c e fo r a fou r year term. E lec­ ted in November, I864, he served the years 1865-66-67-68. Joseph W. McClurg was e le c te d f o r the next two years - the term being shortened by the 1865 Consti­ tu tio n . B. Gratz Brown follow ed McClurg fo r 1871-72. S ila s Woodson served f o r 1873-74* Charles Henry Hardin was in fo r 1875-76. And John S. Phelps, fo r whom Phelps County was named, was governor fo r two terms, 1877-78 and 1879-80.

The M ellowing O f_R adical J P o lic ie s..- The ex ceed in g ly s t r i c t a n ti-s la v e ry , a n t i-r e b e llio n p o l i c i e s o f the F letch er ad m inistration mellowed s lig h t ly under Gov. McClurg, and became rath er mild under B. Gratz Brown. These same p o l ic ie s p re v a ile d in the R olla area. F le tc h e r ’ s party d is-e n fra n ch is e d the s e c e s s io n is t s .

McClurg’ s party continued those p o l ic ie s somewhat abated, and gave the negros o f M issouri the r ig h t to v o te . Gratz Brown’ s adm inistration favored the elim in ation o f the harsh s t r ic t u r e s on former s e c e s s io n is ts - and that p o lic y grew u n t il con­ firm ed f o r the State by the new C on stitu tion of 1875.

R o lla ’ s. L ocal L e g is la t o r s .- Our ta b le s in the appendix give s p e c ific dates fo r both senators and rep resen ta tiv e s fo r the 1865-80 p e rio d . W illiam C. York, the f i r s t county p resid in g judge, 1857—58, was e le c t e d as the f i r s t Phelps County rep­ r e se n ta tiv e in August, 1858. He was in f o r the 1858-59 term. Samuel G. W illiam s (CHECK follow ed f o r 1860-61. W illiam Marcie had preceded W illiam s fo r 1859-60. E li jail (1858Perry served f o r 1863-64, and Cap t. P.C. Roberts fo r 1865-66. Enoch F e r r e ll had (1863 the two terms, 1867-68 and 1869-70. Cyrus H. F rost, who served as House Speaker, ( ??? was in f o r 1871-72. Thomas C. Harrison served fo r 1873-74, and Francis M. Lenox f o r 1875-76. Dr. Charles H. S to rts was e le c te d fo r 1877-78, John R. Bowman fo r 1879-80, ard Edward J . Seymour fo r 1881-82.

R olla was in_the_22nd State S e n a to r ia l_ D is tr ic t, which included Phelps and a d join in g co u n tie s . For 1858—1861, Dr. John hyer was senator. Cyrus 4. Frost served fo r 1862—66, E l l i s G. Evans fo r 1867—70, o o l . R.B. Palmer ror 1871—74* amd Edward A. Seay fo r 1875-78. Dr. S.H. Headlee occupied the o f f i c e from 1879 to 1882.

Of th ese, F rost, Evans, and Seay were from R o lla . Dr. Headlee from St.James. Sen­ a tor Evans was a v e r ita b le a g ita to r — a " r a d ic a l of R a d ica ls". But he had a Blighty part in secu rin g the M issouri S ch ool of Mines fo r R o lla .

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P a r P o l i t i c s _ I n R olla ,_1 8 6 6 -1 8 8 0 . - We s h a ll not d e t a il a l l the lo c a l p o l i t i c a l campaigns which R o lla went through in i t s century o f e xisten ce - but that o f the yeax 1868 i s o f s p e c ia l in te r e s t* And so here i t i s « ••• As we have sa id , Senator E l l i s G. Evans was a most r a d ic a l of "r a d ic a l" R epublicans. During the war years, he had liv e d in the town o f Cuba, £4 m iles e a st o f R o lla . There he had been a U.S. War Claims agent - and that had given him enou^x preminence so he cou ld run fo r e le c t io n as Senator from the 22nd M issouri s e n a to r ia l d i s t r i c t in 1366. He was e le c t e d . He then found i t of advantage to move to R olla , his home fo r the next few y ea rs. O ff and on, he was State r e g is t e r o f lands, w ith o f f i c e at B oon ville e d ito r of the M issouri Stfete News at J e ffe r s o n City, e d ito r o f tte Rolla Eagle, and r e g is t e r ( c i t y c le r k ) fo r the R o lla c it y c o u n c il.

L argely due to Evans and h is enormous ca p a city fo r making speeches and w r it­ ing p o l i t i c a l and r e lig io u s a r t i c l e s fo r numerous newspapers, party p o l i t i c s in R o lla became p r e t ty rough. There were p le n ty o f the old-tim e R olla p ion eers, o f "Union f a i t h " , to jo in with him. For in sta n ce, E.W. Bishop, Chas. P. Walker, Horace W ilcox, Enoch P. F e r r e ll, E lija h Perry, W illiam Morse, A lbert Sydney Long, and oth ers.

The three or fou r p r in c ip a l Democratic leaders included Samuel G. W illiam s, former re p re se n ta tiv e and able lawyer ; James H. Graham, v io le n t e x -s e c e s s io n is t , and e d ito r of the Herald of L ib e rty ( R olla H erald), which he founded in September, 1866; Robert P. Faulkner, a m ild ly disposed Democrat; and George Harrington, another v io le n t ly disp osed Democrat.

Of these, Graham was the p r in c ip a l spokesman. Through h is columns, Graham advocated many o f the old s la v e -h o ld e r d o ctrin e s o f the seces­ s io n is t s , in clu d in g adherence to the C on stitu tion , r e s to r a tio n o f c i v i l rig h ts and the vote to former s e c e s s io n is t s . He did th is in a town b o ilin g hot with opposite views 1 The. R olla Campaign_0f S e£t£m ber-0ctober,_1868.- We have chosen th is p a rticu ­ la r campaign because i t h ig h -lig h ts the town’ s p o l i t i c a l statu s immediately fo llo w ­ ing the C iv il War, and i s o f e s p e c ia l in te r e s t otherw ise.

We Begin With The D em ocratic_R ally held in R olla on September 1, 1868. The local, leaders were James H. Graham and Samuel G. W illiam s. R eca ll that both these men were South-sym pathizing, and £ould not hold o f f i c e . They were g r e a tly aided

by Gen. J. M cK inistry, who in 1861 had been Gen. John C. Fremont's adjutant gen eral.

Gen. M cK inistry brought some 200 S t. L ouis Democrats, by tra in , to this R o lla meeting to help whip up enthusiasm and p r e s t ig e . L ocal Democrats added some 256 to the t o t a l d e le g a tio n b f 456 s o u ls.

Strange as i t seems, the p r in c ip a l speaker was M issou ri’ s beloved ex-C ongressman from S p r in g fie ld - John S. Phelps. He had been a "U nionist" - and was the Union m ilit a r y governor cf Arkansas during the C iv il War. ...T h e day’ s d e lib e ra tio n s were fo llow ed (? ) by_an evening dance - but i t was la r g e ly a " f lo p " , because R olla *s gentlewomen refused to attend in any s a t is fy in g manner.

An i r r i t a t i n g in cid e n t served to whip up l o c a l anim osity, to the detriment o f the Democrats. In his home yard, Senator Evans, r a d ic a l Republican, had placed on a pole a United S tates f l a g on which he had in scrib e d these words: " For Ulysses S. Grant - McClurg - and Negro s u ffr a g e ".

Of course, the Democrats v io le n t ly opposed Negro s u ffra g e . T herefore, a squad o f twelve Democratic delegates went to the Evans honrfcx. The Senator was then out of town, but Mrs. ivans r sponded. The d e le g a tio n to ld her that the fla g had to come down - i t was "o ffe n s iv e " to the d elega tes and the Graham fa c t io n . Mrs. Evans immediately got a revolver and d e fie d the group. She also sent fo r Unionist help - which promptly came. She to ld the d e leg a tes that one o f them, e a r lie r in the day, had stood in fro n t o f her house and cheered for J e ffe r s o n D avis. That, to her, was ju s t as o ffe n s iv e as was her fla g to the d e le g a te s . ...T h e fla g stayed up, and Gen. M cK inistry’ s S t.L ouis delegates went back home minus th e ir former ju b ila n t s p ir it s i

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The_Republic_an R a llie s Of_1868. - The Democrats had celebrated "Their Day" on September 1 s t . But e d it o r Graham s t i l l had an arrow to sh o o t. In his columns he roundly berated Senator Evans fc r "so sham efully debasing our fla g with that endorsement o f negro su ffra g e " ...B u t the Republicans "had taken Mr. Graham’ s number", His Herald o f L iber t y cou ld n ’ t propagate such d o ctrin e s in R o lla . No Sih 1 And so, in 1869 Mr. Graham s o ld out to M essrs. N iles and Herbert, as we p r e s e n tly r e la t e .

The Republicans now staged two very remarkable r a l l i e s . On September 24, a Salem newspaper commented th at, in R o lla , the R adical Republicans had in creased in number from 50 to 100, and had organized three companies o f "Tanners". That name was used because the Republican nominee fo r governor, Joseph W. McClurg, had in speeches and w ritten a r t i c l e s l i t e r a l l y "tanned" the hide o f Frank B la ir, the U.S. Senator from St .L ou is, because o f the views B la ir held and expressed. But, said Salem, the R o lla Democrats had only a sin g le company o f th e ir fa it h - and that one was tw o-th ird s composed o f boys and d isfra n ch is e d s e c e s s io n is t s . There wasn’ t much th at kind o f an o u t f i t could do l The F ir s t Great, Day came on Friday, September 25th, 1868. The Republi­ cans had planned to hold t h e ir meeting in the old "Bishop Theatre" - the old Union team sters’ barn on the b lo ck bounded by 5th and s ix th , Main and Park ’ s tr e e t s .

I t had been gayly d ecorated, and would accomodate 600 p e o p le . ...B u t the "people" came in such numbers that a stage had to be e je c te d o u ts id e . Plank seats were brought from a neighboring lumber yard.

In b e h a lf of R o lla ’ s women, Miss Anna Warmoth, daughter o f Mayor Isaac Warmoth, presented a fin e new United S tates fla g , and made a h ig h ly p a t r io t ic speech. An appropriate response was given by the Reverend p ro fe s s o r Loughran, head o f the R o lla (M ethodist) C o lle g e . The Republican candidate fo r governor, Joseph W. McClurg, was one o f the two p r in c ip a l speakers - the other being U.S. Senator Carl Schurz. Both were "R adical" Republicans o f the f i r s t carder - but in sid e three years would be b it t e r opponents. Fancy having such prominent men making p o l i t i c a l speeches in the l i t t l e hamlet o f R olla o f 1868 11 The C olorful_Street_ P arade.- A c o lo r f u l daytime stre e t parade was formed and marched through town. The "Tanners" - 150 o f them, cla d in a t t r a c t iv e new uniforms w ith others in c i v i l i a n garb, follow e d a fte r the brass band. Senator E l l i s G. Evans was the grand marshal, on horseback, leadin g the parade. Follow ing the Tanners were s e v e ra l wagon f l o a t s , drawn by fo u r-h o rse teams. On the wagon platform s were b u i l t pyramids, on top o f which flo a t e d the n a tio n a l f l a g . Seated around the base o f the pyramids were some 35 sch ool g i r l s , ga yly dressed in red, w hite, and b lu e .

Streamers were ca rrie d on which were prin ted such phrases as " For McClurg, the Tanner o f B la ir " ..." E q u a l d u ties and equal r ig h ts " . . "Grant, the Q u ieter".

At n ig h t, a p rocession toured the s tr e e t s , carrying the old-tim e tin -ca n kerosene torch li g h t s , and cracking the atmosphere with lu s ty cheers fo r President U.S. Grant and M cC lurg.. . There had never been such a spectacu lar parade in R o lla ’ s h is to r y i ...O n the next day, an excu rsion to A rlin gton concluded t h is r a l l y .

M essrs. Schurz and McClurg were alon g and again made speeches.

The Second_Republican R a lly ,jD cto b e r JL 2 th .- Three weeks a ft e r the foreg oin g even t, on Monday, October 19th, 1868, candidate McClurg was again in R o lla . A S t. Louis re p o rte r remarked that a l l the former Democratic enthusiasm in R olla was now absent. The fla g the Democrats had displayed across the stre e t in fro n t o f the post o f f i c e was now absent. Nowhere in town was there a sin g le Democratic fla g or sign on d is p la y .

But the Republicans ? They again gathered at the old Bishop Theatre, and there beard a fe rv e n t speech by Hon. Enoch P. F e r r e ll, the Republican represen tative in the M issouri le g is la t u r e .

That fin is h e d , the parade again formed — Senator Evans

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on horseback, in the lea d - brass band and Tanners fo llo w in g . Again the wagon f l o a t s drawn by fou r-h orse teams, the fla g -to p p e d pyramids, and the gayly dressed sch o ol g i r l s .

This time, an a p p ro p ria te ly dressed squad o f sch ool boys follow ed the wagon f l o a t s .

The Tanners were le d by C ol. Charles Day, and Captains G. Hoskinson, F. Morgan, and H.L. Wheat. The committee on arrangements included E.W.Bishop, H. Garvens, S. Ruggles, E.M. Kraus, and J. Hoskinson.

The evening parade e c lip s e d anything yet seen in R o lla . Banners ca rrie d such phrases as these: " We vote the same way we shot - as boys in blue in the war" And th a t f l a g o f Senator Evans saying, "For Grant, McClurg, and Negro S u ffra g e ".

McClurg Is _ E le ct eaJG ove rn or of_M is£ou ri.~ When the votes in the e le c t io n o f Tuesday, November 3, 1868 were canvassed, i t was found that McClurg had been e le c t e d , thus d efea tin g Hon. John S. Phelps, the Democratic candidate, by a vote o f 82,107 to 62,780. The Phelps County vote was 493 fo r McClurg and 441 fo r Phelps. On a c o n s t it u t io n a l amendment granting the vote to negros, the vote was "No 1" by the number o f 55235 "fa r " and 74053 "a g a in s t". In Phelps county, the vote was 408 f o r , 499 again st granting the vote .

McClurg*s Great S ervice To_Rolla_And_Mis_souri. - I t was during McClurg's ad m in istra tion that there occurred the great con troversy over where the School o f Mines should be lo c a t e d . From 1867 through 1870 the c o n f l i c t raged. Senator E.G. Evans threw in h is whole and f o r c e fu l in flu e n ce , endeavoring to bring the School to R o lla . The b il). passed, lo c a tin g the School s_omewhere in southeast M issouri.

Governor McClurg signed the b i l l in to law on February 21, 1870. We sketch the S ch ool o f Mines s to ry in la t e r paragraphs. I t s u ff ic e s here to say th at the School o f Mines was o f f i c i a l l y lo c a te d in R o lla in December, 1870.

The. £ub lie an_C onye n t i on o f_ l8 7 0 .- Here was a v i t a l turning poin t in Mis­ sou ri gen era l p o l i t i c s - and view s. The M issouri Republicans met in state con­ ven tion at J e ffe r so n City on September 2, 1870. As business progressed, i t became p la in ly apparent th a t there were, w ithin the group, two b i t t e r l y opposed fa c t io n s .

One, le d by Senator Carl Schurz and B. Gratz Brown, claimed to be in fa vor o f "p ea ce", re-enfranchisem ent o f the s e c e s s io n is t s , opposed to the harsh oaths o f a lle g ia n c e o f the "Drake" c o n s titu tio n o f 1865. They were "anti-G rant and a n tiMcClurg." They wanted " fr e e trade" w ith fo r e ig n n a tio n s. Schurz said that th is fa c t io n was fo r reform o f the c i v i l s e r v ic e , fo r equal rig h ts as between whites and negros - fo r peace and fr a te r n a l fe e lin g throughout sta te and nation and among th e ir c it iz e n s , fo r g e t t in g the anim osity o f wartime.

The other fa c t io n , led by Gov. McClurg, Senator Evans and others o f s t r ic t e r view s, resented the Schurz p o s it io n or statement o f "Our candidate, B.Gratz Brown, or e l s e " .

This fa c t io n , a ls o , was fo r "p ea ce", and far negro su ffra ge, but opposed to B. Gratz Brown as candidate far governor.

Tie convention s p l i t - the Schurz fa c t io n b o lt in g . Evans stayed with the McClurg r a d ic a ls . In the e le c t io n o f November, 1870, B.C-r atz Brown won over Gov. McClurg . . And, o f course, a l l these disp u tes were p a rticip a te d in by the R o lla d e le g a te s , and echoes came back to be p rin ted in the R o lla newspapers. The sta te ­ wide vote f o r governor was 63,336 fo r McClurg, 104,372 fo r Brown.

Let us now la y aside State p o l i t i c s f o r a lo o k at R o lla 1s town government.

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Thirtyz ei^ it_D ays O f_S ecessio n _ -_ lte n Union C o n t r o l.- On the very day that the R olla Town C ouncil met t o in it ia t e town government - February 9th, 1861 - d e le ­ gates from a l l over Phelps County convened to e le c t other d elega tes t o a D is t r ic t convention at ‘Houston, where s t i l l o t t e r d e le g a te s were chosen to be members o f the M issouri State Convention cf 1861. After tte Houston d elegates had been chosen, the assembly debated whether ex’ not Phelps County favored secession from the Union such as South C arolina had p r e c ip ita t e d .

Tte d e c is io n was, "No l We s h a ll remain in the Union 1" But when Fort Sumter was f i r e d upon, on A p ril 14th, lo c a l sentiment q u ick ly je l l e d . H o lla 's inhabitants s p l i t - one group embracing secession - tte other remain­ ing lo y a l to tte Union. This so com p letely dominated c i r c u i t court d iscu ssio n and debate among the lawyers - who a lso took sid e s - that even the c i r c u i t judge, Gen. ‘lames M. McBride - jo in e d in , and s ta te d that the r e b e llio n would s u r e ly eventuate and su cceed.

Even as th is debate was being ca rrie d on, a group o f e ig h ty horsemen from Salem, in clu d in g th e ir topmost le a d e rs, rode in to town and to the court house. They were v a rio u s ly armed w ith p i s t o l s , s q u ir r e l guns, swords, and even p itc h fo r k s .

They had come t o exterm inate the Union troop s - m ostly Germans - reported coming to invest R o lla .

This day of s e ce s s io n was May 7th, 1861.

Thlif encouraged, the en tire group now hauled down the U.S. "Stars and S trip e s" and h o is te d tte f la g of the Confederacy. Tte Salem contingent went home - but fo r the next t h ir t y -e ig h t days, the lo c a l s e c e s s io n is t group tramped the s tr e e ts with drums and guns - attem pting e it h e r to persuade the rest o f the inhabitants to go "secesh " - or t o get out o f town.

Union Tr£0£S_Arriye,_Fr iday_,_June_ 1 4 th ^ l8 6 l.- This secession c o n tr o l of R olla q u ic k ly ended on June 14th when Union troop s commanded by Gen. Franz S ig e l and Maj or Thomas Sweeney came by tra in and surrounded R o lla . Some few s e c e s s io n is ts , in clu din g county judge s Lewis Wrigjit and Thomas Freeman - a lso former councilmen F. Hartje and Henry.Andrae - got away. But S i g e l 's men made p rison ers of some e ig h ty other " r e b e ls " . From that day, and throughout the r e s t o f the war, R olla was in Union hands.

I| olla’ s Town Government was thus p r e c ip ita te d in to an unusual and embarrasing s itu a tio n . Mayor "oase was an avowed s e c e s s io n is t . Under the ordinances and s t r i c t ­ ures o f the State Convention, h is o f f i c e was vacated. N evertheless, he b elie v e d he was s t i l l R o lla ’ s mayor, and seems to have met with the c o u n c il. Of the o r ig in a l town c o u n c il, January t o June of 1861, only Hartje and Andrae had f l e d . Mayor Par­ sons plus councilm en B idiop, Webber,Evans, Dunivin, and Malcolm remained lo y a l. Of the c o u n c il e le c t e d f o r the 1861-62 year, only Chauvin and King were d is lo y a l.

Bishop,Gorman, Morse, Webber, and Ryan remained l o y a l . As presiden t pro tern, Bishop signed at le a s t one town ordin an ce.

The N ature_0f Union Army_Military C o n tr o l.- Very e a r ly in Union army c o n tro l o f R olla , the post commandant, C ol. John B. Wyman, whose 13th I l l i n o i s Volunteer In fa n try Regiment had reacted R olla in July, 1861, had H o lla 's plenteous saloons raided and the liq u o r s poured in t o the s t r e e t s . That became a standard ru le through the war. Meantime, the M issouri S tate Convention had ordered that a l l adult c it iz e n s should take a rath er harsh "Oath of A lle g ia n c e ".

'Those who refu sed were considered at enmity w ith the U.S. Government - were "re b e ls " - and were t o be treated as such.

A ll c i v i l o f f i c e r s , attorn eys, preachers, sch o o l teachers were required to take tte oath - or f o r f e i t t h e ir o f f i c e and be p roh ib ited from continuing their o f f i c i a l jo b s .

The State thus vacated over 100 o f f i c e s over the S ta te, in clu d in g members of tne Supreme Court cf M issou ri. The County Court of Phelps County was thus vacated, _ as two cf the three members - Thomas R. Freeman and Lewis W. Wright - were se cession ­ is ts .

Thus, the county had no county court or c i r c u i t court as the year 1362 dawned,

CVM F ri 7 /1 1 /6 9 .

- 15 One FqgmJCf The L oya lty Oath.-. Among the p r in c ip a l things the army o f f ic e r s in s is te d on having R o lla in h a b ita n ts /— as w e ll as those throughout the county — was the sign ing o f the State Convention promulgated "oath of lo y a lt y " .

The version f i r s t placed b e fo re the people cf R o lla , as e a rly as February 24th, 1862, i s in serted ju st be la v . C iv i l o f f i c e r s , M in isters, sch ool teach ers, lawyers, a l l had to take i t or vacate the o f f i c e s and d e s is t in whatever o f f i c i a l ca p a city they were serv in g .

Here i s the t e x t : As one o f f i c e r put i t , " Sign_i_fc 1 Or_be_ _conside_red_a_R eb el".

"The undersigned swears that he w i l l bear true fa it h and a lle g ia n ce to the Government o f the United S ta tes o f America, and support the C on stitu tion th ereof, as the supreme law o f the land; that he w i l l never take up arms again st the said Government, or those who may be a c tin g under i t s a u th o rity ; that he w il l never, by word, a ct or deed, knowingly give aid or com fort, or in any manner encourage armed o p p o sition t o the Government o f the United S tates o f America; but that, bn the con­ tra ry , he w i l l do a l l in h is power as a c it iz e n to prevent such op p o sitio n , and to discourage the same whenever i t i s being made . . . He makes th is oath fr e e ly and v o lu n ta r ily , with no mental reserv a tio n s or r e s t r ic t i o n s whatever, h on estly intending at a l l times h e re a fte r to keep the same, in s p i r i t as w e ll in l e t t e r , and to con­ duct h im self as a p e a ce fu l, law abiding c it iz e n o f the United S tates o f A m erica...

This I do solem nly swear, so h elp me God." A S a ^ le _ M ilit a r y O rd er.- Many army orders were issued by the R olla Post commandants which governed the conduct, not only of the s o ld ie rs sta tion ed in R olla , but governed the people of R olla as w e ll. The order which we in clude below i s a f a i r sample, ard cou ld , fo r the most part, have been enacted as a town ordinance.

Here is the t e x t: P o l i c e ^®.gu.l.§_tions Offic_e_Of Provost Marshal R o lla , _M o._M a rch _1 5 , _1S62.

1.

- No s o ld ie r s are allow ed to be in town without a pass from t h e ir commanding o ffic e r .

2.

- No passes are good a ft e r 9 : 00 P.M., unless countersigned by the Provost Marshal.

3.

- P a r ticu la r a tte n tio n is c a lle d to General Order No. 2$, which w il l be r ig id ­ l y enfcsr wed, which reads as fo llo w s : " Any person who s h a ll s e l l or adm inister, t o any s o ld ie r or volu n teer in the serv ice of the United S tates, or to any person wearing the uniform o f such s o ld ie r or volu nteer - any sp iritu ou s or in t o x ic a t in g liq u o r s , in or about any m ilit a r y p ost, camp or command, w il l be punished by a fin e o f tw en ty-five d o lla r s , or imprisonment fo r t h ir t y da ys."

4.

- The P a tro l Guard, under the su p ervision o f the Provost Marshal, w il l a rrest a l l persons found in to x ic a te d , or in any r io to u s conduct, or distu rbin g the peace in any manner whatsoever.

5.

- Any; £ erson _a rrested f o r d is lo y a lt y _ t o tte government w il l be reported to th is o f f i c e , together w ith the names o f the w itnesses against them, where a record o f the same w i l l be kep t. $ . - Any persons a rrested fo r s te a lin g , or d istu rb in g the peace, or i f any prop­ e r t y be taken as contraband, a rep ort o f the same w i l l be made to th is o f f i ­ ce im m ediately.

7.

- A ll p la ces o f b u sin ess, shops, drinking saloon s, and other places o f p u blic r e s o r t must_be closed_on the_ Sabbath.

8.

- A ll shops, beer saloon s, ard drin kin g saloons must be clo se d at 9 :0 0 P.M. 9.

- A ll d isch a rges o f f i r e arms, o f whatsoever d e s c r ip tio n , are hereby p roh ib ited , in the tfflwn_of R oU a, and a ls o in the d iffe r e n t camps at th is p o s t.

1 0 .- Government horses are very o fte n broken down or se v e re ly in ju red by being ridden at improper and unnecessary speed - by s o ld ie rs and the employees o f the Quartermaster’ s Department. Any o f f i c e r seeing a s o ld ie r o v e r-rid e his horse w ithout n e c e s s ity w i l l make him immediately dismount and lea d h is horse.

And any Q uarterm aster's employee, g u ilt y o f such abuse, w i l l be immediately d ism issed . Tte Provost Marshal w i l l cause to be a rre ste d any person rid in g at an imoroper and unnecessary speed through the s tr e e ts of tte QAty .iR o U d )» Approved: C ol. Sempronius H.Boyd * (Signed) W.R. E n glish ,P rovost Marshal R o lla Post Commandant.

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Coi^t^y_Governrnen t l s_R estored. - As of January 1, 1862, Phelps County had * n eith er a C ir c u it Cburt nor a bu siness agency - the County Court. These o f f i c e s had been vacated in the o t a t e ’ s purge o f d is lo y a l incumbents. But now the S tate, as w e ll as l o c a l c it iz e n s , was in te r e s te d in r e s to r a tio n o f these a g e n cie s. Tte Governor th e re fo re , in a f i r s t move, appointed Hon. J .S . Waddell as c ir c u it judge o f tte 18th ju d ic ia l d i s t r i c t , con tain in g r io lla . Henry Clay Warmoth, son cf Isaac S. Warmoth, was named c i r c u i t a ttorn ey. I t was the fu n ctio n of these two men to choose a new c ir c u it c le r k . They s e le c te d ohas. P. Walker. . . . The Governor would appoint tte new s h e r i f f . He named ohe stin e M ille r . With these things done, the county had at le a s t a c i r c u i t c o u r t.

While these things were being done, C ol. John B. Wyman on March 3rd, 1862, wrote a le t t e r to R olla c it iz e n s , urging them to r e in s ta te th eir town government.

In lin e , the m ilit a r y vacated the Court House, used as a m ilit a r y h o s p ita l, so that the new county o f f i c e r s could meet there . Tte Governor helped things along by naming a new b u sin ess agency - the County Court. For th is , he appointed John G. Hutcheson < as p resid in g ju$ge, w ith judges Dabney Hudgens and Janies fingus Dun as a s s o c ia te s .

They chose Chas. P. Walker as the county c le r k . £all_FOT_R£St_ora_tion_Of R olla TownjG£vernm£nt_.- Urged so to do by C ol.

Wyman's l e t t e r of March 3, 1862, Robert M. Case, b e lie v in g he was s t i l l R o lla 1s mayor, d esp ite h is s e c e s s io n is t a c t i v i t i e s , c a lle d a R o lla mass meeting to d e lib e r ­ ate on how to restore town government. Tte meeting produced no d e fin ite plan, so Mr. Case issued a c a l l fo r a regu lar town e le c t io n , to be held the f i r s t Monday in June, which was June 2nd. This e le c t io n was held, as we p resen tly r e la t e . But f i r s t , we should e x p la in Mayor Case’ s m ilit a r y a rrest b e fo re tte e le c t io n occurred.

Maycr_ £ase_I_s A r re s te d _ F o r_ D is lo y a lty .- During th is time, Union wagon tra in s were being sent both south to Houston, and southwest to S p r in g fie ld , carrying food and m ilit a r y s u p p lie s . S e c e s s io n is t g u e r illa bands gathered along these roads - and i f at a l l p o s s ib le , captured and plundered the wagons, or burned them, k i lli n g the d r iv e r s .

R o lla 's m ilit a r y o f f i c e r s became su sp iciou s when i t appeared that somebody in R o lla was inform ing these g u e r illa s when wagon tra in s were scheduled to leave R olla on such t r i p s . This enabled the g u e r illa s t o be on the a l e r t , so as to waylay the t r a in s .

On c lo s e in v e s tig a tio n , th is source o f inform ation was traced to Mayor R.H. Case and h is fa m ily - and to some o f his r e la t iv e s and neighbors - p a r t ic u la r ly to the fa m ily ( w ife and ch ild ren ) o f former R olla resid en t, W.O. Coleman, a lea d er o f such g u e r il la s . Mayor Case, h is fa m ily and these others were placed under m ili­ tary a r r e s t, and confined to th e ir own homes. I t was only days u n t il the town e le c ­ tio n was t o be h e ld .

Ih e Town_Election Of_June 2 ,_ 1 8 6 2 .- This proved to be one o f the two strang­ e s t e le c t io n s ever held in R o lla . To nominate a Union t ic k e t , a group of lo y a l c it iz e n s met and named a " l o y a l i s t " or "Union'’ t ic k e t . E lija h Perry was the nominee as mayor. The seven c o u n c il nominees were Robert P. Faulkner . . E.W. Bishop . .

Louis E. Gr een . . C ornelius W. Dunivin . . Daniel 0 . Gorman . . Henry Boyer . . and Edward G. Morse.

On relea se of this news, the lea d in g R olla s e c e s s io n is ts met and nominated an "O pposition " t i c k e t . The naire s of these candidates haye not been preserved - but some o f the men on the t ic k e t would have included George F. Harrington, Samuel G. W illiam s, James M. McGuire, H.S. Clark, and James E. Chauvin. These men had a l l been o r m in e n t in the "se c e s s io n " o f May 7, 1861. Our best guess is that Harrington, a most vituperou s s e c e s s io n is t , was the mayoral candidate. I t could have been e ith e r W illiam s, or incumbent mayor R.M. Case. The R o lla Express e d ito r roundly bera a them a l l - W illiam s in p a r tic u la r . ____ E le c tio n Day Came. The- se ce ssio n group scoured the area, in a n _ e ffo rt to "pack the b a llo t box" - le g a lly or_oth erw ise. From both in sid e and outside c i t y lim its

CVM Bat July 12 '69

- 17 -

they brought in n on -resid en t team sters, d is s id e n t s o ld ie r s — anyone whould cast a s e c e s s io n is t ^ v o t e . Many so brought in - along with the candidates themselves were d is q u a lifie d under the otnte Convention ordinances req u irin g lo y a lt y and oath s ig n in g . None o f those th in gs m attered, so long as the op p osition p re v a ile d .

The_re suit, was chaos_. There was f i s t fig h tin g , cu rsin g, swearing. Viewing a l l th a t thus happened, many of the lo y a l c it iz e n s turned away from the p o l ls angry - w ithout v o tin g .

Most or a l l of the "o p p o sitio n " candidates seem to have been e le c te d - though no complete statement of the votes cast was recorded. At any ra te , the town e d i t o r "blew h is to p ", as did several o f his readers. In an e d it o r ­ i a l , he said that " The election _w as_a_be_au tifu l_farce_. No mayor has been e le c t e d .

Not a sin g le "secesh " cast a vote for "U nionist" E lija h P erry". He said that i t was a s e tt le d matter that "no s e c e s s io n is t town c o u n c il could ever e x is t in R o lla ".

Lawyer Samuel G. Williams was accused of being d i r e c t ly resp on sib le fo r the " f i a s c o " .

He had signed the lo y a lt y oath - but on four separate counts he had v io la te d i t .

The s e c e s s io n is t mayoral candidate had receiv ed more votes than Perry did -"b u t the s e c e s s io n is t was not e le c t e d " .

Was, A Mayor Or_Council_Thus_ E lected ? . - In the absence o f d e fin ite fa c t s , we are l e f t , wondering whether cr not th is "U nionist" t ic k e t took over and was in s t a lle d for the year 1862-63, or whether the town continued without town govern­ ment from then t o June o f 1864, when we have renewed in form ation . We are sure that the Union R o lla Post commandant, C ol. Sempronius H. Boyd would never have perm itted the " o p p o s it io n ", s e c e s s io n is t , c o u n c il to take o f f i c e or serve. . . . The only fa c t we have uncovered fo r the period 1862-64 is that, in 1863, there was some sort o f amendment or adjustment o f the town charter to bring i t ;.iore c lo s e ly in t o harmpny w ith the m ilit a r y than i t had been b e fo r e . We can only continue research in order to c lo s e th is gap.

The Recprd_For_The_Year 1864_-_And_Following^_- In a book marked "Book A", preserved in the o f f i c e o f the County Gierk of Phelps County, there is a w ritten , d e t a ile d , day by day record o f the R olla Mayor’ s Court, dating from June 16, I864 t o May 13, 1875* In th is book, i t i s recorded that W illiam Morse was R o lla ’ s mayor as of June 16,1864. That would in d ica te that the_re_ was a town co u n cil on that date.

But the record , being that o f the m unicipal cou rt, does not name any o f the c o u n c ilmen. I t names only the mayor ( Wm. M orse), the court recorder (Cyrus H. F ro st), the town marshal ( Geo. A. B azoni), and J.W. Stephens, c i r c u i t a ttorn ey. Later in the year, E lija h Perry was c i t y a ttorn ey, John A .J. Lee recorder, W illiam J.C. Tay­ l o r c i t y marshal.

I t thus appears that W illiam I^orse had been e le c te d at the regular town e le c t io n on Monday, June 7, 1864. The la s t entry which names Morse as mayor i s on June 6, 1868. He i s d e f i n i t e l y named as mayor fo r the years I864-65 . .1 8 6 5 -6 6 ..

1866-67 . . and 1867-68. Sim M M dXM SM M SXSaXM pSS Isaac S. Warmoth is men­ tioned as mayor on January 30, 1869'- — in d ic a tin g that he was e le c te d , re g u la rly , on June 2, 1868, but had not been in s t a lle d u n t il a ft e r June 6th, whenjsforse i s recorded as being mayor. On February 8th, 1869, A lbert Neuman is mentioned as being mayor - but th is seems to have been on some occa sion when Warmoth was out o f town or otherw ise absent tem p ora rily. In a statement Warmoth made in lo7 3 , he said that " s ix years ago I was R o lla ’ s mayor". That c o n f l i c t s w ith th is d e fin it e written_ re co r d , as the " s i x years ago" wou^-d have been 1867, and he was not e le c te d u n til June, 1868.

The S u ccession _0 f Mayors*. 1864_To 1 8 8 0 .- R e ca llin g that through these years, c i t y e le c t io n s occurred the f i r s t Monday in June, and that the terms were for one year on ly, from Jure t o June, we can record the names o f the mayors and the dates o f the terms they served as fo llo w s : Warmoth 1876- 77 .1872-73 •• Bland .1864-65 . . Wm.Morse, 1 8 6 9 ..Feb on ly •armoth 187778 A.Neuman 1872-73 *• Bland 1865- 66 . . Morse Warmoth & 187879 lgb9_70 . .

Bland .1873-74 ..'W armoth 1866- 6 7 , . . Morse C.G.Woody 1879 187071 . .

Bland 1874-75 • • Warmoth 1867- 68 . . Morse Pomeroy 1871- 72 . . . Bland 1875-76 . . Warmoth 1879- 80 1868- 69 . . Warmoth Pomeroy 1880- 81

f ' I i CVM 'Sat July 12, 169

- 18 -

R o lla 1£ Amended Charter O f_186£.- Having thus ended our resume o f R o lla 1s C iv il War-time government, we may now turn to the Amended Charter of 1865. There was some need f o r r e v is in g the o r ig in a l ch a rte r, one being the d esire t o give the c i t y a more d ig n ifie d name, another being the expediency o f d iv id in g the co u n c il in to two a lte r n a te ly e le c t e d groups, thus to procure a more continuous adm inistra­ tio n o f town a f f a i r s .

I t was thus th at, prodded by Elihah Perry, county re p re se n ta tiv e , and by other en e rg e tic R olla c it iz e n s , the M issouri le g is la t u r e on January 25, 1865, passed an amended ch a rter fo r R o lla , which Governor Thomas C. F letch er sign ed.

The date o f th is amended ch a rter was e x a c t ly four years a fte r the date o f tte o r ig in a l ch a rter.

S°me_Of The_ .Chief Amendme.nt.s: - Much o f the amended charter was composed o f p r o v is io n s already in the o r ig in a l ch a rte r. However, there_ were several impor­ tant changes and a d d itio n s .

A Firsjb Fundamental ChangeEnlarged Bounds_j_- To now, the town bounds had been id e n t ic a l w ith those cf S ection 11, T.37 N., R.8 W. - e x a c tly one m ile square. Much of th is was m erely oak fo r e s t , the a c tu a lly p la tte d area being in the iM Sof NE-£ o f the s e c tio n . Now the bounds were enlarged D y adding equal s trip s to the east and west sid es cf S ection 11. These s t r ip s were l / 4 m ile wide (e a s t west) and a mile lon g (n o rth -s o u th .) This made the area one m ile wide (n orth -sou th ) and one and a h a lf m iles lon g (e a s t-w e s t). To the north side o f th is in creased area there was added a s t r ip 1 /2 m ile wide (n orth -sou th ) and kg- m iles long (e a s t we s t ) .

This now made the area e x a c tly l g m iles square. The in creased area took in not only more oak f o r e s t , but as w e ll many sm all garden farm tra cts .

A Second Fundamaital Change was in the name i t s e l f .

The o r ig in a l name had been the "Town of R o lla ". I t was now changed to read "C ity cf R o lla ", a much more d ig n ifie d name.

A Third Change sought to prevent a recurrence o f the f ia s c o of June 2,1862 by w ritin g in t o the c i t y charter p ro v is io n s such as were enacted by tte State Convention of 1861. Thus, a l l v oters were required to_be r e g is te r e d _ b e fo re they could vote in any c i t y e le c t io n . This must be done at le a s t two weeks p r io r to the e le c t io n . Furthermore, voters must have liv e d in sid e c i t y lim it s .fcu-i at le a s t three months p r io r to the e l e c t i o n . These requirem oits enabled the "U nionist" e le c t io n judges to refuse b a llo ts to those who did not q u a lify - and to those known t o have been in volved in the la te r e b e llio n . k fourth_Amendment, in lin e w ith the th ird , provided that no g i f t or o f f i c e , w ith in the power o f the c it y to bestow, could be given or awarded to any person who, in the la te c o n f l i c t , had openly p a rticip a te d in tte r e b e llio n , or who had given aid, or any form o f com fort, or had encouraged the cause o f se ce s s io n .

A F ifth Amendment, changed the number o f councilmen from the former seven to the new number of n in e. H eretofore the terms had been only f o r one year. Now they were increased to two years. Furthermore, in order to provide fo r more continuous government, the group o f nine councilmen was to be divided in to two groups. One would serve a one-year term a ft e r being e le c te d at tte next regu lar c i t y e le c t io n ( June 6, 1865). This group, a ft e r the f i r s t one-year term, would then be e le c te d fo r regular two-year terms. The other h a lf o f tte nine would be e le c te d for tte regu la r two-year term at the f i r s t e le c t io n under the amended ch a rter (June 6,1865)* T hereafter, a l l councilmen would be e le c te d fcr regular two-year terms.

A S ixth Change provided both fo r a " r e g is te r " ( c i t y cle r k ), who would record proceedin gs o f the Council - and a "re co rd e r" who was, in e f f e c t , the c le r k of the Mayor* s m unicipal co u rt. The Mayor, with powers equal t o those of ju s t ic e s o f tte peace, was tte m unicipal judgp. This recorder o f f i c e was abolish ed by the State amendment o f 1874, which a ls o reduced the number o f councilmen from nine to tte o r ig in a l seven.

CVM Su 7/1 3 /6 9

- 19 -

The^First C ou n cil Under The 1865_Amended_Charter. - The re v ise d charter said that, imm ediately fo llo w in g the f i r s t e le c t io n under that rev ised charter ( the f i r s t Monday in June, I8 6 5 ), the nine councilmen chosen should name one o f the group as p resid en t pro tern. The e n tir e group should then d ivid e i t s e l f in to two groups or c la s s e s .

The f i r s t of these would serve fo r one year only, when i t s seat would be vacated.

The su ccessors would then be e le c te d fo r two-year terms, re g u la rly th e r e a fte r .

The second group would be e le c te d fo r a regular two year term, ard th e re a fte r fo r regu lar two-year terms. This gave the c it y a more continuous adminis­ tra tio n o f i t s a f f a i r s .

We do n ot, at presen t, have a c o r r e c t l i s t o f the nine men so e le c te d e ith e r in the e le c t io n of June 6, 1865, nor in those o f June 5, 1866, June 4, I867, or June 2, 1868. We_do have the nane s o f two groups who served in one or another o f those yea rs.

These men were named by "an informant" who did not sign his name.

The f i r s t such group included G.A. A llen . . A. Demplewolf . . W illiam Robson . . P. Schwartz . . W .J.C. Taylor . . C.L. Stephenson . . and Horace W ilcox. As the informant sa id , they were " a l l good and worthy c it iz e n s " .

There had to be nine in such a group, so two are apparently m issing.

The second group - p o s s ib ly e le c te d in June, 1866 - included E.W. Bishop . .

Henry Beal . . E.M. Kraus . . Dr. V.G. Latham . . Hu^i McCoin . . Andrew Malcolm . . .

Hancock C. Sanford . . and George A. Smith. Again, the informant said, " A ll are good ard worthy c i t i z e n s " .

This giv es us only e i ^ i t o f the nine e le c t e d .

From the record we have, we cannot t e l l whether these two groups were chosen in June o f I865 - 1866 - or 1867* There may have been s t i l l others not here named.

We s h a ll have to leave the record thus incom plete, and pass to la te r years.

For The Yezr_1S 68.-G?, we do have the names o f fou r o f the councilmen e le cte d on June 2, 1868, servin g f o r the terms 1868—69 and 1869-70. These in clude F.S.Huckins.

Isaac Hoskinson . . Alexander Orchard . . ard Charles S trobach ,S r. . . . We can now condense the record of mayors and councilmen in to a ta b le , such as fo llo w s .

Tabl^^f_M ayors And Counc^ilmen^ Years; 1869_To 1 8 8 0 .- In th is ta b le , we l i s t the names o f mayors in" CAPITALS - those o f councilmen in Caps and lower case. The terms are fo r two regu la r y ea rs. A fter a person has served a f i r s t term, we drop his i n i t i a l s or given name, using only h is surname. I f an o f f i c e r continues in o f f i c e as a "h o ld -o v e r" - not e le c t e d _ in a designated year - ju st continuing in o f f i c e - we e n clo se his name in parentheses ( ) . We shorten the "year" by l i s t i n g a year, such as 1869,as ( fo r June 2, I869) 6 /2 /6 9 .

We bear in mind that e le c t io n s occurred on the FIRST MONDAY in June — that newly e le c t e d o f f i c e r s held o f f i c e from June o f the e le c t io n year u n t il June, two years t h e r e a ft e r . O cca sion a lly , some member would resig n , or d ie — in which case some su ccessor served out the term. These explan ations should make the lo llo w in g ta b le i n t e l l i g i b l e . ( Table is on next page ) . ( NOTE

) In the above, ju s t b e fo re "Table o f Mayors and Councilmen" — INSERT

s p e c ia l page 1 9 (a) . . about 1865 Smallpox scou rge.

19(a) fo llo w s p .1 9 .

CVM 7/1 5/6 9 ; t

- 1 9 (a) -

i' Ihe |mallpox_Scour£eJ_ H ospital^ A ndD ebt_of I 8 6 5 .- We have se v e ra l times already mentioned the Smallpox Epidemic o f I865. Before passing to la t e r c i t y a f­ f a i r s , l e t us here in s e r t a few d e t a ils about the smallpox s itu a tio n . F ir s t, a "quote" from the S t. Louis "M issou riJtepublican " o f June 1$, 1865, thus: " The smallpox epidem ic in R o lla is alarming 1 There has been a d a ily in ­ crease^ o f ten new cases sin ce la s t Monday. Three are dead. The mayor of R olla ( W illiam Morse ) and the Phelps County s h e r if f ( Robt. A. Love ) have issued a proclam ation designed to stop a spread o f the d ise a s e . Smallpox p a tien ts are taken to the "county poor house farm" south o f R o lla . Schools have been clo s e d fo r 30 days. A ll assem blies o f groups are p ro h ib ite d . Great fr ig h t p r e v a ils in R o lla .

5yenty_negros h a ve_fled t o _ S t ._ L o u is .. .The St^ Louis Board of_H ealth had b e tte r look jL n to t h is _ s itu a tio n 1i A month la t e r , on July 17th, the "Re£ublican^ said that "the recen t outburst o f smallpox at R olla some weeks ago, has, the la s t three weeks, e n t ir e ly disappear­ ed. Trade with R olla has been renewed." ...T h i s statement was not e x a c tly true fo r as la t e as Nov ember 6, I865, Dr. J.C . B arrett was paid $10.50 fo r tre a tin g a case o f sm allpox.

Some_Few_Do c to r Bills_ and other charges fo r nursing smallpox cases may have some in te r e s t - dates, amounts, and oth erw ise. On Friday, June 9, 1865, an agent fo r the C ity o f R olla presented a b i l l o f $4*00 to the county court - " fo r expense o f removing fou r cases o f smallpox from in sid e to outside o f c i t y li m it s " .

The court re fe rre d the b i l l back to the c i t y c o u n c il - ju st newly e le c te d under the revised ch a rter o f I865. ...O n June 21, Horace W ilcox, the town p r in te r , rendered a b i l l o f $9.00 fc r p rin tin g 500 h a n d b ills - those "proclam ations" issued by R olla *s mayor and the county s h e r i f f .

And as an a d d itio n a l d is a s te r , the great R olla f i r e o f June 20, 1865, was s t i l l smoking l And on August 7th, the county court ordered the county attorn ey to b i l l the c i t y fo r ".one h a lf_ o f the. gross, expense.s_.of the. pm a.llpox_hospit.al".

We do not have a complete record o f the d e t a il expenses that were thus in volved , but - as samples - we l i s t the fo llo w in g b i l l s that were presented to the county c o u r t : August_7th: Jeremiah S. French & C o., drug s to r e , smallpox medicine .........$69.40 ( French's store had been t o t a lly destroyed by the b ig f i r e ) June_21: Horace W ilsox, printim g 500 handbills ............................................

9.0 0 Augu_st_7thj_ Dr. Wm. E. Glenn, ph ysician at smallpox h o s p ita l , , , , , , , , , , 420.00 ” S.W. Ryder, s e rv ic e s as sm allpox nurse .......................................... 19.28 L e ila W illis o n , s e rv ic e at smallpox h o s p ita l .............................

23«40 H a rriet Douglas, tte same ..................................................................... 12.00 Dr. J.C . B arrett, p r o fe s s io n a l s e r v ic e s ........................................ 143.00 R obt. A. Love, s h e r if f , paid others f o r w o r k ............................. 204.00 County attorn ey, John W. Stephens, se rv ice t o Ju ly 3 1 ........... 50.00 Augus.t_8th: S h e r iff R.A. Love, s e rv ic e s ................................................................. 30.00 H. B e ll & Co ............................................................... .................................

9#0° Dr. Wm. E. Glenn, post mortems on B.J.Hance & C. B r a d y ......... 15«00 August 14tht Henry Beal, coroner, fo r viewing body of 0 .B r a d y ................... H , 25, Thms sums up to ...$ 1 0 1 8 .0 0 The epidemic was not com pletely ended on November 6th, when Dr. J.C . B arrett drew an a d d itio n a l $10.50 for tre a tin g a smallpox ca se .

C ity_0f R o lla F a ils To_Pay_Its_H alf. - A year la t e r , on August 6,1866, the c i t y had fa ile d t o pay i t s h a lf o f the smallpox expenses. The County Court there­ fo re employed lawyer Azro Emory to f i l e a s u it fo r c o lle c t in g the amount due. An in s p e ctio n of c i r c u i t court record s f a i l s to l i s t any such s u it . However, in some -m anner a f i n a l t o t a l cost of $1,975.26 was determined or agreed upon. The c i t y 's h a lf was $987.63.

CVM 7/1 5/6 9

- 19(b) -

The. Cij;y^s_De[bts_As. Of_1866.-A Rolla* s m unicipal debts as o f December 31,1866 were unpaid, due t o a la c k o f c i t y revenue. They were l i s t e d as fo llo w s : (a ) The 1865 Charter Amendment co st the c i t y ....# 1 6 0 .0 0 (b ) S ala ry o f c i t y mayoral c o u r t ’ srecord er,I8 6 5 600.00 (c ) S alary o f c it y marshal, 1865 ............................. 192.00 (d ) P ublic v a ccin a tio n s , 1865 .....................................

70.00 (e) A town l o t bought o f E.W.Bishop, 8th & Main 200.00 (C h ristian church s it e ) ( f ) Digging o f c e lla r p i t on such l o t ...................

55*00 (g ) To G.A. A llen , grading s tr e e ts , I865 ............. 150.00 (h) Purchase o f f i r e engine from W.J.C. Taylor . 277*75 ( i ) Cost o f h a lf o f smallpox h o s p ita l expenses 987*63 T o t a l ........... #2,691.38 During I867, the c i t y c o u n c il borrowed #1,500 from Joseph Campbell, owner and operator o f the R o lla Flour M ill, and applied i t on this d eb t. But there was s t i l l an unpaid balance - or debt - o f $690.00. This remained so fo r the co u n cil o f 1869 t o handle. I t decided to le v y a s p e cia l c i t y tax to care fo r i t - and did s o . Many o f the taxpayers came in and c h e e r fu lly paid th e ir apportioned amount.

But there were o b je c to r s - and th ey took the case to the c i r c u i t court - which d eclared the s p e c ia l tax void , fo r some te ch n ica l reason. The c o u n c il then refunded such amounts as fed been paid in , and the debt dragged on u n t il s e tt le d in 1871.

CVM Su 7 /1 3 /6 9 .

20 Table_ OfJifeyors And_ City_CounciJLmen - Years 1869-1880

Date For E lected Term 6 /2 / 1867-68 6 /2 /6 8 1868-69 6 /8 /6 9 1869-70

Names Of Names Of Councilmen. Newly E lected - NOT in Parentheses Mayors In Parentheses ( ) Names Of Hold-Overs.______ Morse, Wm. Councilmen ??

Warmoth, I . Isaac H oskinson..F .S.H uckins..A lex.O rchard ..Chas Strobach BLAND,CC Danl. Deegan - Cyrus H. F rost - Frank Rogers - John Webber (Hoskinson-Huc k in s-O rchard-S trobach).

6 /7 /7 0 1870-71 (Bland) D anl.G errish - Orchard - Al.Neuman - Geo.Brucher -J.S.F rench ( D eegan..Frost . . Rogers . . Webber ) .

6 /6 /7 1 1871-72 BLAND . . . Wes Smith - Frost - Geo.Goettelmann - D r.C .H .Storts - Webber ( Brucher. .G errish . . Neuman . . Orchard ) 6 /4 /7 2 1872-73 (Bland) . . H.Bascom Brcwn - Geo. H. Hume - John Massie - Dr.M.C.Hutche­ son (Smith. .F r o s t. .Goettelmann. .S to r ts . .Webber ) .

6 /3 /7 3 1873-74 WARMOTH,I. (For 2 y r s .) Orchard - G ranville A llen - Robt.A.Love John O'Brien - Webber ( For 1 y r .) Perry C ollin s,-A .M alcolm . ( Massie . . Hume ) (Warmoth) COUNCIL MM^R_CHANG^_FR0M NINE_T0 SEW1N. . .Hume - Brucher 6 /2 /7 4 1874-75 Tg .All e n - Love - O'Brien - Orchard - Webber).

6 /8 /7 5 1875-76 'WARMOTH . E.W.Bishop — S .G .C lark — Frost — Edw.J. M orris — T.Q.EmersonDavid Malcolm - ( Brucher ) .

6 /6 /7 6 1876-77 (Warmoth ) C.C.Bland - A lbert Neuman - ( B is h o p .. Clark ..F r o s t . .

Morris ..Emerson . .D.Malcolm ) Neuman replaced Clark, who had embezzled sch ool funds and resign ed .

Love - Frost - Hume - M orris 6 /5 /7 7 1877-78 WARMOTH ( Bland . . Bishop .. Neuman ) 6 /4 /7 8 1878-79 (Warmoth ) Bishop - David Malcolm - Samuel M. Smith ( Frost . . Hume . . Love . . M orris ) .

(Woody) 1879 was a c r i s i s year in Rolla* s c i t y government, fo r two reasons: ( l ) The S.G. Clark embezzlement o f sch ool funds ra ised such a b i t t e r con troversy, with threats o f l i b e l s u its f i l e d , that Mayor Warmoth resigned on A p ril 8th. Camillus G. Woody was e le c te d t o rep la ce Warmoth u n t il the June e le c t io n .

(2 ) An exceedin gly b i t t e r q u a rrel was on because o f the tem perance-an ti-saloon campaign. The lic e n s in g o f saloon s, ani the lic e n s e fe e s charged being ra ise d , le d fiv e councilmen to resign on February 6th. These were F rost - Hume - Love - D.Aalcolm - and M orris. On Feb­ ruary 11th, these fiv e weie e le c te d to take th eir p la ce : T.Q.Emerson - A.M. M illard H.Bascom Brown - John Hardin - and Camillus G. Woody. Woody served out Warmoth*s term as mayor, from February 11th to J\jne 3> 1879* •• We comment that the mayor's sa la ry was $100 per year, and that of councilmen $2.50 fo r each meeting attended.

Continuing our table f o r another year . . .

6 /3 /7 9 1879-80 POMEROY L.H. Thompson - Danl.Donahoe - Jos. Campbell - Fred Strobach W.G. ( Bishop . . Hardin . . S.M. Smith ) 6/ 8/80 1880-81 (Pomeroy) Dr. E.A. B o lle s - Henry Seele - John Hardin ( Campbell . . Donahoe . . Thompson . . S trobach ).

This_ was a £i’ o_^al°2.n group» General Nat,ure_pf C ouncil B u sin e ss.- The Council maintained several standing committees which, in gen eral, in d ica te the nature of c i t y bu sin ess. There were committees on h ealth, f i r e , s tr e e ts , fin a n ce . A " r e g is te r " ( c it y c le r k ) recorded Council pr 0C66 dings • Henry Webs ter* held thnfc p o s itio n fo r 18 ^O—7-^* Tdllman fo r one year, 1873—74* Webster again fo r 1774~5 3*nd 75—76* j£ llis G* ivcins fo r 1878-79> and Webster again fo r 1879-80.

There Were^Git^ M arshals, a ttorn eys, a sse sso rs, c o lle c t o r s , treasu rers, s tr e e t commissi oners, and engineers* Of course, a most important item "was the assessment of prop erty, le v y and c o lle c t i o n of taxes, and expenditure oj. tne funds so c o lle c t e d . The M arstel was the c o l l e c t o r .

The Mayor, with a sp e cia l "re co rd e r” (co u rt c le r k ) c o n s titu te d the m unicipal court* In 1874> the recorder s o f i i c e "was a b o lish ed , and th e r e a fte r the maycr kept h is own re co rd s.

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- 1® Se a lth Conmxttee p e r io d ic a lly toured the town, look in g fo r dead dogs hogs, and i l l sm ellin g water p o o ls ard mud h o le s . The f i r e committee t r ie d to elim inate those o ld -fa s h io n e d m ud-and-stick chimneys and d e fe c tiv e stove pipes the frequ en t causes of house f i r e s , along with liv e ash p i l e s .

A s p e c ia l Fi^eJ^mjcany, with e le c t e d o f f i c e r s and f i r e c h ie f, procured and cared^for the f i r e x ig h tin g equipment - crude, indeed, compared to present day fa c ilitie s .

These men had hooks and la d d ers, axes, India rubber buckets, hand-drawn hose carts and hose - a hand pump in l i e u o f a decent f i r e engine. The only water available was that stored in c is te r n s .

There were no water mains, very few w e lls , oewage was d isp osed o f in the old -tim e out—houses — which adorned the back yards of a l l s to r e s and r e sid e n ce s .

There were a very_few indoor water c lo s e t s , draining in to cess p o o ls .

Zh£ Grading. O f_S treets was a f i r s t - o r d e r itegi. A cu lv e rt was b u ilt across the natural ’’HAPPY HOLLOW" d it c h which s t i l l crosses 6th and R o lla streets . Great concern, and many s p e c ia l ordinances, regu lated the b u ild in g o f the old-tim e plank sidewalks, both over in "Old Town" ( around 4th and Main s tr e e t s ) and in "New Town" ( centered around 8th and Pine s t r e e t s ) . Deep ruts and dangerous mud holes were numerous. 0n one o cca sio n , in March, 1876, a number o f angry c it iz e n s drove posts in bad mud h o le s , and n a iled to them signs reading » No bottom here" and "Dangerous h ere" .

S tre e ts had t o be con d ition ed and m aintained, but there was not enough general revenue to care f o r t h i s .

T herefore, the sev era l c i t y charters provided that every able bodied c it iz e n might be fo rce d to work on the s tr e e ts , not to exceed three days a y ea r. An in d iv id u a l p o l l tax was a lso provided f o r .

These were re g u la tio n s d i f f i c u l t to e n fo r c e . Numbers o f the w ealth ier men, in clu din g doctors and law yers, refu sed to do th is , complaining that th e ir health would not permit i t .

But fancy a d octor cr a lawyer w ield in g a pick am shovel on streets il S tre e t li g h t s would help - so the Council had twelve kerosene lamps made, to be mounted on s tr e e t p o le s at p laces designated by the C ouncil. Then they con­ tracted w ith a "lamp lig h t e r " t o lig h t and care fo r the lamps.

Town_Moral_Problems_ were o f con siderab le concern. More than once, s p e c ia l ordinances were passed t o elim in ate bawdy houses, and to pen alize those who operated them. The record o f the M ayor's Court, from 1864 to 1874, contains frequent cases in which groups of women were fin e d $10 each - with the fin e s rem itted i f they agreed t o leave town. Many drunken men were picked up on the s tr e e ts , and fin e d from one to ten d o lla r s . ...T t e lic e n s in g of saloons was an important and tro u b le seme issu e - p a r t ic u la r ly so in the period 1877-1880 and 1887-1890. On the la tt e r occasion, a d isp u te between the c it y , the county cou rt, and tte saloon owners com pletely d isru p ted Rolla* s ch arter government, and le d to adoption of the general "fourth c la s s " type of government fo r the c i t y .

A V ery_S£ecial_Item In_l870 was the issuance o f $1,200 in c it y bonds, in aid o f tte campaign to brin g tte School of Mines to R o lla .

The F ire B ri£ade_0f The lS^Ois o rig in a ted in a b ig c it iz e n s ' mass " f i r e meeting"held in la t e December, 1871. Some fo r t y -fo u r persons^attended. The^new allotm ent o f ladders, hooks, bu ckets, and f i r e truck had l a t e l y a rriv e d . I t was time to la y down o rd e rly means o f using the equipment. For that purpose, the fo r t y -fo u r men form ally organ ized a R o lla F ire Company, and e le c t e d o f f ic e r s and a fir e ctee^ . This organ ization , rather than tte c i t y c o u n c il or i t s o f f i c e r s , _would handle the f i r e problem. The o f f i c e r s and other members who e n ro lle d in th is f i r e company were ,thes .

P resid en t, Dr. W illiam E. Glenn (M.S.M. p r o fe s s o r ). . Vice president David W. Malcolm ..S e c r e t a r y , John OFJBrien ...T r e a s u r e r , Alex. ^H. Orchard. . . . . . 1 * H eller, J r ., was named F ire C hief, J. Peel company Captain, Perry C ollin s 1st Lieu tenant, and W.C. Buskett, 2nd L ieutenant. The remaining members were th ese.

CVM 7/15/69 .Cyrus H. F rost Mason ®akev W illiam H e lle r ,S r Jame s W♦ Live say Taylor Prigmore W illiam Reuf Paul K e lle r S ig . L. Lang

22 Lewis A* Livesay C.W. Burns Cha s . De s Moulin George McMinn Frank G errish Georgs Thompson W.H. Hunt Dr. W ilson M Lenox Jam.es Williams

W.S. Frost Perry C o llin s John S• Live say John P. Kaine Ar t •R.De ar b orn Aimon G errish E .M♦ Krause John Kester Hiram M. Shaw.

L.H. Thompson H.A. Isades Wm. Hambleton Ur« \f•Lt. Latham Thos♦ Maxwell, J r .

Henry Devens James H. Via Chas. M. McCrae

^Hl§. ^n^ire^Company, in February of 1873, marched en mass to the Methodist church on °undsy n igh t, o s te n s ib ly to hear Rev. R.R. P ierce preach. But when the c o lle c t io n was taken up, tne firem en placed in an envelope and, walking to the p u lp it, one o f them handed the envelope to Rev. P ie rce .

February*. 1823, the Council, by ordinance, set up appropriate f i r e regu lation s and r u le s , then turned the f i r e equipment over to the Captain o f the li r e company.

Thereupon, tne Firemen provided themselves with showy uniforms and staged a h ila r io u s s tr e e t parade. Two marshals on horse - Art Dearborn and W illiam H eller,C r. ( f i r e c h ie f) le d the column. Next came the brass band, and a fte r that the brand new f i r e tru ck , made r i $ i t here in R olla by the Gerrish wagon shops. The rest o f the f i r e company members, on f o o t , brou^ it up the re a r.

A Huge_Supper And Concert-Dance was staged by the Fire Company in A p ril o f 1875. Three hundred people attended or partook of the supper. The e d ito r said that the_ supper was one o f the f in e s t banquets ever served in R o lla . The con cert and dance that fo llo w e d la ste d u n t i l the next morning. The Amphyon Glee_ Club furnished the music - aided by S i j J . Lang, the company f i r e c h ie f - and the town*s most respected saloon keeper. The dance a ttra cte d s e v e n ty -fiv e persons, and the e n tire a ffa ir n etted the f i r e boys $100.

Jail_Breaks_ Werej5uite_Comwm in the 1 8 7 0 's . Even the old county stone j a i l , with i t s massive stone w a lls , could not contain desperate p riso n e rs. In August, 1870, s h e r i f f Henry C leino, with c it y attorn ey A lf Harris and marshals John McMasters and Charles Totsch, were taking fou r p rison ers to the State p en iten tia ry at J e ffe rso n City when, a m ile south of Vienna, the prison ers jumped out and - under cover o f road sid e brush - made th eir escape. In Jure, 1871, two men imprisoned fo r f i r s t degree murder sawed the iron window bars out o f the second fl o o r w alls of the stone j a i l .

Chestine M ille r , a former county s h e r if f , had given the prison­ ers the n ecessa ry saws ard f i l e s .

Together with the two recaptured p rison ers, M iller was taken to a blacksm ith shop, where appropriate iron s f o r th e ir ankles were made and a f fix e d . . . In November, 1871, fiv e other p rison ers escaped^by again sawing out window b a rs. . . . I t seemed evid en t that somebody outside the j a i l was supplying n ecessary f i l e s and hack saws.

A Frisco.Roundhouse ln _R olla was considered in June of 1874- The question was submitted t o a vote o f town c it iz e n s , who approved the idea by a vote o f 219 to 20. The p r o p o s itio n was fo r the c it y to acquire and donate to the F risco r a i l ­ road a ten acre t r a c t whereon the roundhouse could be b u i l t . However, the c i t y in s is te d that the r a ilr o a d should guarantee t o permamently maintain th is roundhouse in R o lla . The r a ilr o a d disagreed, and the p r o je c t was abandoned.

The Town_|_s_Firs_t_City H all was f i r s t considered as e a r ly as December o f 1872, when tte C ouncil ordered that the l o t at the southeast corner o f 8th and Main stre e ts ( Lot 2, B lock 36, B ish op 's A d d itio n ), on which a c e lla r p i t had been dug, should be chanced for a b etter lo c a t io n . A new s it e was chosen at the northeast corner cf 7th and R o lla s tr e e t s ( l o t 5, b lo ck 5<3j • In 196?, the 8th street l o t bears the C h ristia n Church b u ild in g . That at 7th and R olla i s the s it e Ox t Powell laundry and clean in g p la n t.

In December, 1874, the Council had plans drawn fo r the new c i t y h a ll on the l o t at 7th arri R o lla s t r e e t s . I t would be a wood framed ^stru ctu re, two storys high, with f lo o r dimensions o f 24 x 40 f e e t . F ir s t sto ry c e ilin g s were eleven fe e t

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three inches in the c le a r . One o f the largs r rooms was fo r use o f the Fire Brigade.

Another sm aller r 00m waa the c it y j a i l . Other rooms served the c it y co u n c il, the c it y c le r k ( r e g i s t e r ) , and the Mayor and h is m unicipal cou rt and re co rd e r. * % e_Council_Took Possess!on_O f New H all the la s t week of February, 1875.

I t was said to be " neat - but not gaudy" - com fortable, w ell su ited to tte need.

But no sooner were these o f f ic e r s in s id e , perform ing their resp ectiv e d u ties, than some f i r e boy sa id , " We've got to have a b ig f i r e b e l l - one that w il l get us out of bed when a f i r e s t a r t s ."

The f i r e boys sa id they would buy the b e l l - i f the Council would e r e c t a s u ita b le tow er. Mayor and Council unanimously agreed.

A B ell^ 'fei^ h in ^ £50 Pounds - one that would su it the f i r e boys - could be had in C in cin n a ti. They passed tte hat and got the necessary cash. Going to Cin­ cin n a ti, Captain S ij J . Lang s e le c te d the b e l l , bought i t . The b i l l was #105.70, d e liv ered at R o lla . I t arrived in R olla in O ctob er,1875, but the c i t y had not yet erected the tow er. There had to be a c e le b r a tio n - so the boys fix e d up a tempo­ rary mount, so the b e l l could be rung. Then they rang tte b e l l w hile pouring on i t a b o t t le o f w ine. That done, they went in sid e the new h a ll and staged a big dance w ith t h e ir re sp e ctiv e "d a te s ".

The F ir e _ B e ll Tower was planned and b u ilt by Messrs. Saw hill and R uffing the tow n's a r c h it e c t -b u ild e r s . I t was placed on the east side o f the h a ll. I t was fo r t y fe e t high, plus an a d d itio n a l f i f t e e n - f o o t fla g s t a f f . The timbers came from a Texas county saw m ill. The tower, con stru cted on the ground, was "ra ise d " to p o s i­ tio n in December. Of i t , the re p o rte r said , " I t i s s t a t e ly lo o k in g . Enhance s the town's b ea u ty".

To fin is h o f f the jo b , one o f those kerosene stre e t lamps was placed on top o f the tower, and another at the corner o f tte town h a ll. The heavy f i r e b e l l was soon in p la c e , ready t o rouse out sleep in g firem en.

H olla 's, S evera l Charter Amendm^nte apparently began in 1863 - when, i t is said, some minor changes were made in order t o a d ju st the ch arter to the m ilita r y occupation and ad m in istra tion o f the C iv il War. ...W e have noted the changes made in I865. A d i f f i c u l t y with the "Charter Plan" was that, every tine some s p e c ia l problem arose which had not been cared fo r in the previous o r ig in a l or amended charter, the town ted to go to the le g is la tu r e fo r perm ission to do the new th in g.

ItJIas_Thus Tbat_In 182,4_ the town again amended i t s ch arter. One o f the p rin cip a l changes was the red u ction in tne number of councilm en. Nine were said to be to o many — so the number was changed to SEVEN. A lso, the co u n cil o b jected to the sa la ry and procedure o f the M ayer's m unicipal court "r e c o r d e r ". ^ I t was abolish ed.

In 1875, the c it y gained sta te perm ission to relea se tte la rg e farming and wooded area ou tside o f fo rm a lly p la tte d town addition s fro m _ city taxation .^ This meant a lo s s in c i t y v a lu a tion cf p rop erty and tax revenue estim ated at #218.35. The II65 acres of land thus relea sed was valued at 345> 67'-1. -The newspapers said, 1 e are sorry fo r t h is l o s s o f revenue — but i t i s a i a i r deal fo r land owners outride our fo rm a lly p la tte d a r e a ". t

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CVM:7/4 5/6 9 - 24 | ^3^ ^ A 2 r ®ak - Saloons Ver sus_Tempe ranee. - R o lla , a&-—a~&o Phelps County ' have been sca rred b a t t l e f i e l d s over the qu estion o f "Saloons YES" and "Saloons No i" On variou s occa sion s there have been county-wide " lo c a l op tion " e le c t io n s . For the county con ten tion s, the "w ets" have m ostly been v ic t o r s . But not always so w ithin R o lla .

Two e s p e c ia lly f i e r c e b a tt le s occurred in R o lla in the town’ s e a r l i e r years — the f i r s t one in the years 1877 to 1880 — the second during years 1887— 90. Even b e fo re th a t, and while the C iv il War was on, R olla*s wartime saloons were raid ed and suppressed by Union p ost commandants. On sev era l such occa sion s, the saloon s were v is i t e d by s o ld ie r s and, on orders, a l l the liq u o r was dumped out in t o the s t r e e t s .

With the war’ s end, the saloons were back in town in f u l l fo r c e . Time and again, c e r ta in c i v i l i a n groups, or c e rta in members o f tte c o u n c il, tr ie d e ith e r to s a t i s f a c t o r i l y reg u la te, or to t o t a l l y a b o lish the saloons - with questionable su ccess. During the days o f n a tion a l p r o h ib itio n ( 1920-1933), drinks were ca rried in hip p ock ets, or s e c r e t ly dispensed from private "white mule" d i s t i l l e r i e s operated in the hidden hollow s o f the surrounding Ozark fo r e s t s .

So_It, Was In_187,2 that the a n ti-s a lo o n s p i r i t arose to vigorous a ction in R o lla , and the b a tt le was on. In August, 1877, an a n ti-s a lo o n group met in Charles Roehm* s tea and ic e cream p a rlo r on 7th s t r e e t , south sid e , midway from Pine to R o lla s tr e e ts - a b u ild in g la t e r used fo r a h o te l and fo r a time as the McFarland H o sp ita l. The group had a q u a n tity o f temperance cards which they de­ termined t o have sign ed.

By O ctober, the campaign had taken county-wide p ro p o rtio n s. There were by th is time f i f t e e n ou t-of-tow n subordinate clu b s. By Tuesday, November 6th, 1877, sentiment had so in creased that a great mass meeting was held a t the Court House. Mayor Isaac Warmoth was chairman, E l l i s G. Evans secreta ry - which p a rtly exp lain s the vig or o f the campaign. The Rev. J. Addison W hittaker, Presbyterian p a stor, made a f i e r y speech, and became a leadin g promoter o f the cause.

In 1878, the campaign became f i e r c e . In February, twelve hundred tem­ perance advocates p e t itio n e d the County Court to revoke a number o f saloon li c e n ­ ses that were m a n ife s tly i l l e g a l .

This the Court d id . But, immediately, these same outlawed saloons p e titio n e d the Court fo r v a lid lic e n s e s - and the Court issued them 11 In comment, e d ito r H oratio S. Herbert wrote that "temperance, in i t s e l f , is a l l r i $ i t - but i t is d o u b tfu l i f i t can ever be e n fo rc e d ."

On the same date as the fo r e g o in g , Feb. 21,1$78, a group o f temperance c it iz e n s met and organized a lo c a l chapter of the n a tio n a l "MURPHY TEMPERANCE CLUB" — so named fo r i t s founder, a n a tio n a l c e le b r it y . Rev. J.B. D aniels was chosen as p resid en t, Rev. Samuel Dyson as f i r s t v ice p resid en t, Mr. A.L. S t i f f as s e cre ta ry , Charles McCrae as trea su rer, E.C. Slawson as c h o r is te r , and Mrs. (R ev.) W hittaker as o r g a n is t. Nine other persons were named as associate v ice presiden ts • Dr. E .P . B elshe..M rs Bascom Brown . . A ttorney Wm. C. K elly . .

Edward Downing W illiam s . . Mrs. Downing W illiam s . . Rev. Hainsworth . . Mrs. Moore . .

Mrs. C l i f f French . . and Mrs. A.L. S t i f f .

On A p r il 11th, 1878, the "temperance wave" had h it R olla - hard 11 The n a tio n a l o f f i c e r s o f the temperance movement came to R o lla , where a h igh ly enthus­ i a s t i c m eeting was h eld at the M ethodist church. . . .But opposed to a l l th is , tne R olla c i t y C ouncil dropped the c it y saloon lic e n s e fe e from $100 to $40, payable sem i-annually. By May l6 th , the Phelps oounty ohristicin Temperance Union hao pi o— cured 1589 sign atures to the temperance pled ge. And by May ^30th, ^,rs. marie B. ^ Holyoke p resid en t of the Chicago chapter o f the V/omens C hristian emperance Union ( W .C.T.U .) appeared in R o lla with some "great le c tu r e s on the temperance cause".

The addresses were augmented by con gregation al sin ging o f temperance songs.

On A p r il 18th, a strange thing happened. Mr. Fred Strobach, owner of the town’ s o ld e s t saloon , clo s e d i t . He a ls o added the sum o f $1.00 per month to a l l o f h is workmen who would sign the temperance pledge. . . . And then, with the axd o

cm

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Mr. Sam Bowles, arranged s u ita b le s e cre t boxes in S trobach1s barn in which they stored g a llo n jugs o f liq u o r . They then lock ed the barn door with a m ulti-keyed padlock. In th at way, S trob a ch 's customary and f in a n c ia lly able customers could have a padlock key and thus go and get a drink whenever they pleased. However, when.-.the arrangement became known by the C ouncil, Mr. Strobach drew a fin e of $50, plus $40 in c o s t s .

On July 3rd, 1878, the C ouncil recon sid ered i t s saloon p o lic y , and by ordinance p ro h ib ite d saloon s from s e llin g le s s than a g a llo n to any customer. There was no lic e n s e perm itted fo r sa le s other than th ese. But th is was not done by a unanimous v o te , i t was a "fo u r to two" d e c is io n . Voting "Yes" were councilmen E.vv. Bishop, Robt. Love, Sam M. Smith, and David Malcolm. Cyrus Frost and George Hume voted "No". J.E . M orris was absent.

This d e c is io n ca me a f t e r heated arguments had been presented by the tem­ perance elem ent. They said that the County Court members - liv in g outside o f R olla - by granting lic e n s e s to R o lla saloon operators, were fo r c in g saloons on R o lla . This caused R o lla people to r e b e l, and request th e ir Council not to l i ­ cense the sa loon s. The two l o c a l governments were at loggerheads. I t was th is ph ilosoph y that was resp on sib le fo r t h is "Ju ly 3rd" ordinance.

The County Court r e ta lia te d by re fu sin g to allow the temperance fo lk s to use the Court House f o r th e ir m eetings. That court a ls o " la id over u n t il the next m eeting" the p e t it io n that had been presented. J.R.Bowman, John S a lly , and O.P. P a u ls e ll c o n s titu te d that co u rt.

The con trov ersy dragged on u n t il the f i r s t o f December, when the R olla C ouncil again refu sed to rep ea l the ordinance of Ju ly 3rd, which had said , " No dram shops fo r R o lla '!. At Christmas time, matters became s t i l l worse when two opposing groups - p r o - and a n ti-s a lo o n advocates - met in S ij Lang's saloon and had a knock-down drag-ou t f i g h t .

There were three men in each group. They fought w ith c h a irs , b i l l i a r d cues, shovels, and tum blers. Two were badly in ju re d . The others had b la ck eyes and b a ttered fa c e s . ...I n t e n t io n a ll y , or otherwise, the c it y marshal was absent 1 ...T h e town e d ito r said, " We are sorry to be obliged to p rin t th is s to r y , but a l l we can say i s that R o lla does not want such th in g s ."

The campaign_continued_throughout_ 1879- In February, the c la s s ic " Ten Nights In A Bar Room" was p resen ted. By March 27th, the Temperance Club was meet­ ing every Tuesday n ig h t. They had procured an organ, had a ch o ir, and program­ med sin gin g as w e ll as speeches at these m eetings, which became qu ite popular. On one p a r t ic u la r o cca sio n , Mr. E .C . Slawson was the ch oir d ir e c t o r . The ch oir members in clu ded the Mesdames E.C. Slawson and B.F. Tipton, the Misses C. Smith and B urley, and M essrs. W illiam P ierce and Thomas Emerson. The speeches were made by M essrs. Charles P. Walker, Judge Aaron VanWormer, and Dr. W .J.G uild.

Wanting a d ir e c t con nection w ith the n a tio n a l "Murphy Club", a l o c a l chap­ te r was organized in May. A.M. M illa rd was p resid en t, E l l i s G. Evans correspond­ ing s e cre ta ry , A.L. S t i f f record in g se cre ta ry , Henry Wood treasu rer, and E.C. Slawson c h o r is t e r . D ir e c to r s were E.W.Bishop, C.S. Montgomery, attorn ey Wm. C. K elly, Charles M. McCrae, and Samuel M. Smith.

On February 1 s t , 1879, the saloon issue had become so acrimonius that fiv e o f the seven councilmen resigned, rather than continue t o be berated on the one hand by the temperance group, and on the other by the saloon element. Those who thus resign ed were Cyrus H. F rost, Robert A. Love, George Hume, J.^^M orris, ard David Malcolm. This fa rced a s p e c ia l e le c t io n to replace them, in February.

Those then e le c t e d in clu ded T.Q.Emerson, A.M. M illard, H. Bascom Brown, John Hardin, and Camillus G. Woody. Woody took over as a ctin g mayor, because Mayor Isaac Warmoth had resign ed , due t o a squabble in the sch ool board p r e c ip ita te d by the embezzlement o f sch ool funds by board member E.M. Clark. Warmoth had been threatened $10,000 l i b e l s u it s . He had su ffered a l l he could endure.

CVM 7 /1 6 /6 9

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The Pomeroy C ouncil E lected - Takes O ver.- Empowered so to do as acting mayor, oam illus G. Woody c a lle d the regu lar c it y e le c t io n o f June, 1879. William G. Pomeroy was e le c t e d mayor . Chosen as councilmen were Joseph Campbell, Daniel Donahoe, -Thompson, and F end.Strobach. Continuing with them, as h old-overs ^ere #v** Bishop, bamuel M# Smith, and John Hap din# This "was th6 co u n cil which on June 15, 1879, repealed the "So dram shop" ordinance of July 3,1878. But i t a lso, on the other hand, ra ised the dram shop lic e n s e fe e from #100 t o §200 per year.

Somehow,_%e_Temperanee People_Had_A_MYenn fo r g e t t in g _organized. Now, in November, 1879, they organized a l o c a l chapter o f the C.T.U.""( C hristian Teiaperance U nion). B r a z illa Dean, a M ethodist, was p resid en t, A.L. S t i f f secretary, Henry Wood tre a su re r.. Miss Jennie Bishop, daughter cf Edmund W., was organ ist and Mr. Morgan c h o r is t e r . The board o f d ir e c t o r s con sisted o f M essrs. A.M .M illard, E.W. Bishop, a tto rn e y Wm. C. K elly , Judge Aaron lanWormer, A.E. Burke, and S .S. Kauffman. The doors cf 1879 c lo s e d with a fe rv e n t temperance meeting a t tte Metho­ d is t church. The e d ito r said , " The meeting had a monstrous crowd."

A p r il of_1880 gave b irth to yet one other temperance s o c ie ty - the"Womens* Christian Temperance Union" (W .C.T.U.) . . . Mrs. Clardy, of S t. Louis, was here to le c tu r e in aid o f the movement. The W.C.T.U. chose Mrs. A lbert Sydney Long as p resid en t, M iss Sarah Minium, as se cre ta ry , Mrs. Joseph Tipton as treasu rer, and Miss J u lia Demuth as v ic e p re sid e n t. Other h ig h ly a ctiv e women in the group included Mesdames H.S. Herbert, Nathan Coleman ( nee Mary Frances W illiam s), A.L. S t i f f , E.D.W. Hatch, Henry Beddoe, E.W. Bishop, Ham E. ^aker, and B.F. Tipton.

This o rg a n iz a tion , a c tiv e at tim es, le s s so at other times, continued in R olla down through the 1940‘ s and even l a t e r .

THE CITY_EIECTION 0F_JUNE,_1880 b rin gs us to the end o f th is long-drawn-out account o f c it y a f f a i r s f o r the p eriod 1865-1880. The temperance advocates su f­ fered a m a teria l s e t-b a c k when, on June 8th, mayor W illiam G. Pomeroy continued in o f f i c e w ith the newly e le c t e d councilmen Dr. E.A. B o lle s , Henry S eele, and John Hardin, togeth er w ith the h o ld -o v e rs Joseph Campbell, Daniel Donahoe, Lewis H. Thompson, and F erd .S trobach . The c o u n c il w s thus predominantly saloon minded.

And with t h is , we pass to other community a f f a i r s .

ROLLA‘ S ORIGINAL AMD CHANGING BOUNDS R o lla ’ s. O rig in a l and Changing Bound_aries_And_Additions. - We have already described R o lla 's o r ig in a l bounds as being those of S ection 11, T.37 N., R.8 W., and the exten sion , in 1865, to in clu de s tr ip s one quarter m ile in width (ea st-w est) and a m ile lon g ( n orth -sou th ) on east and west s id e s o f that s e ctio n , with a s t r ip one h a lf m ile wide ( n orth -sou th ) and one and a h a lf m iles lon g ( east-w est) then added on t t e north cf s e ctio n 11 and these two s t r ip s .

Most, but not a l l , o f the o r ig in a l Town of R olla included the southwest quarter o f the northeast quarter o f th is S e ctio n 11. Around^ this ce n tra l core, in the years 1862 to 1915, there were added the su b d ivision s l i s t e d in the ta b le below , th u s: ORIGINAL TOWN PLAT & SURVEY ..May, 1859 ...O w ner, County of Phelps.

TOWN BOUNDS, 1861 . . . . J a n . 25, 1861 .. Town of* R o lla . S e c .11, T.37 N., R.8 W. BISHOP*S 1 s t A ddition S e p t .22, 1862 . . Edmund W. Bishop James A d d i t i o n ......... S ept. 22, 1862 ..E ._.Jam es Enlarged C ity Bounds Jan. 25, 1865 . . City cf R olla , .

COUNTY ADDITION . . . .

Aug. 3, 1869 . . . Phelps Co. ( was^laid out much e a r lie r ) RAILROAD ADDITION . . Aug. 17, 1869 . . South P a c ific R ailroad Co. ( N ote: This su b d iv isio n was p a r tly in s id e , p a rtly outside the IS05 c it y bounds. In clu d es parts cf S ecs. 2-10-12-14, T.37 N., R.8 J .)

The in t e r - r e la t io n s of a l l these may be seen on any good map of R o lla .

The a d d ition s la t e r made, down to and in clu d in g the year 1915, are these: ( See next page )

CW 7/16/69 .. 1870’ s ..

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The Addi^ion_s L ater Made, down t o and in clu d in g the year 1915, are these: BISHOP’ S THIRD ADDITION..Mar.22,1904 . • Mesdames Jane E. Bishop, Ju lia B. P oole, and Jennie B. H arrison.

NEWMAN’ S ADDITION.... Jan, 4, 1906 . . David Newimn LADD’ S ADDITION ..................Mar. 6, 1907 •• Geo. E. Ladd, D ire cto r, School of Mines HOLLOWAY ADDITION . . . . . . S e p t.13,1907 . . Geo. F. Holloway COWAN ADDITION ................. Ju ly 10,1910 . . David E. Cowan, plus R olla Land & Invest­ ment Co., B.H. Rucker, presid en t.

12,1908 . . James Walker WALKER ADDITION ............... Apr. TOWNSEND ADDITION..... A pr.

13,1912 . . N.L. Townserd BISHOP’ S FOURTH ADDITIONMay 31, 1912 . . Mrs. Jane S ella rd (E.W.) Bishop EASTON ADDITION No. 2. . Nov. 4, 1913 •• A.W.Kruger-Wylie Tucker- T.E.Donahoe A lic e G ra y b ill - Mrs L iz z ie K. Smith BROWN? § ADDITION ............. July 7, 1915 •• David E. Cowan ( NOTE: Brown’ s A ddition was la t e r , and is now, c a lle d "F risco " A d d ition .)

CVM . . 1 8 8 0 's . . . ( 2 7 /a ) 8/4/69 SCHOOLS AMD CHURCHES R olla* s_ p u b lic_ S c h o o ls .~ Wfe have elsewhere in th is work composed a s p e c ia l story o f H o lla ’ s s ch o o ls , and th e ir o r ig in s and development, from the year 1800 down to the present date (1 9 6 9 ). We in s e r t here, in abbreviated form, items of that story that p erta in to the period i860 to 1881. ^ ^ £ ublic_A n d_P rivate jS e le c t S c h o o ls .- As e a r ly as December 3, I860, wb while R olla *s o f f i c i a l in co rp o ra tio n was pending in the M issouri L e g isla tu re , a v is i t o r from I l l i n o i s , in s p e ctin g the town, said that R olla had fin e p o te n tia l pro­ spects - but that there were "to o many grog sh op s." He said that no town looked good w ithout churches and s c h o o ls . R olla had n e ith e r - but ought to have both.

In June, 1862, the town e d ito r said that R olla wasn’ t "a very s a in tly p la c e ," even though the C a th olic church had by then la id the corner stone fo r i t s bu ild in g, and the Methodist church had been given l o t s fo r i t s church at 9th and Main s t r e e t s .

But saloons and gambling jo in t s were pleanteous - and th r iv in g . A Sunday School, pro­ moted by the M ethodists - p r in c ip a lly fo r ch ild ren , but with a B ible cla ss fo r adults, provided a b e t t e r place f o r ch ild ren than the d ir t y s t r e e t s whereon many of them p lfy e d . He sa id , " How much b e tte r i t is fo r boys and g i r l s to be thus engaged, rather than t o be running w ild and d i r t y on the s t r e e t s , learn in g nothing good, but every­ thing b a d ."

Again, in A p r il, 1863, the e d ito r said that " I t would seem that R olla i s a God forsaken and dangerous p la c e " . He hoped fo r a great r e v iv a l, soon - and f o r " r e lig io n and ed u ca tion , and a l l that tends to make human beings in du striou s, virtuous, and happy." A m ultitude seemed to c lu s te r around the dram shops, and card ta b le s , "d rin k in g deep o f liq u id f i r e that w il l, a la s, consume them."

And so . there WAS, in R o lla as o f the 1 8 6 0 's, a crying need fo r schools and education, both se cu la r and r e lig i o u s .

Th® En£Ch_ F e r r e ll V i l l age S c h o o l.- This seems to have been the f i r s t sch ool of any kind to e x is t in R o lla . Enoch F e r r e ll, a most u s e fu l and d iv e rs e ly talen ­ ted man - l a t e r county surveyor, p u b lic sch o o l teacher, state rep resen ta tiv e, ardent Unionist - was teach in g th is v illa g e sch o o l that day of June 14th, 1861, when Union troops entered the town and chased out the l o c a l s e c e s s io n is t s. The sch ool b u ild ­ ing was a lo g a f f a i r s ix te e n fe e t square, lo ca te d in "Happy Hollow", somewhere near 1st anc Elm s t r e e t s .

On that momentous June day, when to ld th at the Union troops were here, Mr. F e r r e ll h a s t ily l e f t h is c la s s e s and ran out t o see what was happening. The fr ig h ­ tened ch ild re n - o f whom Miss Mary-Murray was one - started home, but were stopped at a gate u n t il they cou ld g iv e the pass word. This they p resen tly obtained. Miss Kate Murray, s i s t e r of Mary ( the la t e r Mrs. Dan Donahoe), p erson a lly to ld th is sto ry to present w r it e r s .

Some_0f R o lla * s S e le c t_ S c h o o ls . - An e a r ly s e le c t sch ool, fo r g i r l s , was opened by a Miss H illo c k as of A p r il 29, 1862, in the old Masonic Hall, 4tn and Main s t r e e t s . She a d v ertised these fe e s : Primary branches, S3.00 per term.

Interm ediate le v e l , $ 4 .0 0 . Higher English branches, $5 .00 . German language and embroidery "were S>5*00 term* ^ From June 1 to 14, 1862, a Mrs. Berry taught a^ v illa g e sch ool, but as of the la t t e r date, she resign ed and Mrs. R.T. Lathim ca rried on^. In September^l872, Miss M.E. Guy had a s e le c t sch ool in the old Masonic H a ll.

In July, 1°73, rather Thomas J. Moran opened a C ath olic parish sch ool in a small room next to the^ church at 7th and State s t r e e t s . And from January, 1870, u n t il at le a s t the term oegm^ ning in January, 1872, Miss E lla VanDeren conducted a s e le c t sch ool^ in the Masonic H all. When, in e a r ly 1872, p u b lic sch ools discontin ued in the spacious R olla B u ild in g", on the S ch ool o f Mines campus, and Supt. Fred S. Wood and w ife had to

CVM 8 /4 /6 9 . . 1870's

..( 2 7 - b )

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close not on ly t h e ir p u b lic s ch o o l cla s s e s ( because of the exhaustion of sch ool money J, but a ls o the private sch o o l which they th e r e a fte r tr ie d to set up - Miss Van Oeren advised R o lla parents t o send th eir ch ild re n to her s ch o o l.

As^of May, 1875, Miss Annie Hume had a s e le c t sch ool in the old Masonic H all. In September, 1875, Miss Fannie Hoskinson, R o lla ’ s "town b e l le " , conducted her sch ool th e r e . And as of May, 1879, Miss L iz z ie Burley opened her school at the same place „ £ ub lic _ S c h o o l D is t r ic t _ I s In c o r p o r a te d .- On August 16, 1864 - a month b e fo re Gen. S te r lin g P rice invaded M issouri and fo u g it the b a tt le of P ilo t Knob - the R o lla P ublic S ch ool D i s t r i c t was in corp ora ted . Its lim its were those of the corp ora te uown of R olla , and id e n t ic a l w ith the bounds of p u b lic land survey se ction 11, T«37 -«, '-,8 n. Charles P. Walker, county sch ool commissioner, had presented an appropriate c i t i z e n s ' p e t it io n to Phelps County Court fo r th is pur­ pose. The Court created the d i s t r i c t under the name of » The School D ire cto rs of the Town of R o lla " , and named the fo llo w in g seven men as the town’ s f i r s t school board: Robert P. Faulkner ...D a n ie l Chamberlain . . . Andrew Malcolm . . .

Frank Deegan . . . John M. Dunivin . . . A. Demplewolf . . and Daniel R. Parsons, R o lla ’ s f i r s t mayor.

R o lla ’ s. F irst. P u b lic_3 eh ool T each ers.- An item in an issue o f "Records o f R olla High S ch o o l" says that the f i r s t term o f pu blic sch ool, under th is board, was held in the old "Faulkner House". This wood framed b u ild in g , which stood on the n orth s id e of 8th s t r e e t , a d join in g the west lin e o f the F risco ra ilro a d , had been b u i l t and used by the firm o f Faulkner and Graves as e a r ly as December 22, I860, when the f i r s t tra in to reach R o lla a r r iv e d . They had discontin ued i t s use as a warehouse, and i t had teen converted in to a h o te l, fo r a time v a ile d the "Faulkner House", and then the "Crandall House" . This was the s ite o f R olla *s f i r s t p u b lic s ch o o l.

A l e t t e r t o the present w r ite rs , dated July 4, 1941, and from a Mr. S.W. P eters, o f S p r in g fie ld , M issou ri, sta te s that his mother - the former Mis_s_Mag^ie Kern - together with "some man" - were the two f i r s t teachers in H olla’ s p u blic sch ools. Miss Kern la t e r married Joseph P eters, a leadin g merchant of St.James, and th e r e a ft e r tau ^ it in the S t. James s c h o o ls .

These two were the parents of the Mr. E.W. P eters who wrote the l e t t e r . We venture two educated guesses as to who "the other man" was. F ir s t , i t was probably P ro f. Simeon W. P h illip s , who i t i s known, taught in R olls *s sch ools in 1865. He^was accused of^being d is lo y a l, because he had p r e v io u s ly taught in the Springdale Seminary, at R elfe - but was e n t ir e ly c le a r e d . ..O ur second guess, i f necessary, would be that Enoch T e rr e ll was "the other man".

THE GS0RGE_AI1^_SCH00L The George A. A llen S ch ool^ 1865-6?..- An advertisement in a R olla news­ paper dated s ay 1, 1865, d escrib ed a R o lla sch ool c a lle d "The Phelps County Semi­ nary". I t was otherw ise c a lle d the "George A llen S ch o o l1'. Mr. George a lie n , A.M. tra in ed and brought in from "the E ast", was presiden t o f the group, in c lin ­ ing his broth er M.L. A llen , vhich e s ta b lis h e d and conducted the s ch o o l, and the above mentioned P r o f. Simeon W. P h illip s was the " P r in c ip a l". Mrs. George A. A llen ( Anna Mae), was P recep tress, and Miss Sarah J . t r o s t was A ssistant in the Primary department.

The O ffe rin g s Of This Sch ool, as o f May, 1865 - nine months a fte r the in co rp o ra tio n of the R olla sch o o l board - were as noted below . may have_ojeerate d, or s u b stitu te d , fo r any p u b lic sch ool programs .o r tne y er * These were the o ffe r in g s *

GW 8 /5 /6 9

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( 27 - c )

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1. Ihe. l.iS.hth_Term o f the sch ool commenced on Monday, May 15 1865 2 . - The term continued f o r eleven weeks.

3 . - Tne program was designed t o create permanent in s tr u c tio n o f h i$ i grade, such as a v a ila b le students could a ssim ila te .

4 . - The Curriculum in clu ded the usual common, or "E n glish ", branches - plus v o c a l m usic, drawing, penmanship. But in _a d d ition , the natural scien ces t p h y s ics, n a tu ra l h is to r y , geography, b io lo g y ), the higher mathematics { algebra and geometry ) . A lso, i f d esired , Latin, Greek, French, German, m —r—'a—Y—°.f fe-hs c o l le g e cou rses i aught_in the_ e a s t .

5*~ T u itio n : Per term, for the common branches, 45.00. For the Higher, $6.00 both in advance. No deductions except fo r sickn ess, or by s p e c ia l agree­ ment. ( Dated at R o lla , Mo., May 1 /1 8 6 5 ) .

This "George A llen S ch ool", seminary, or high sch o o l, seems to have opera­ ted with much su ccess from I865 ( or b e fo re ) down to 1869, when the R olla S chool Board bou ^ it i t s classroom s in the old Commissary B u ildin g. Later addition s to the curriculum in cluded o i l pa in tin g add piano, togeth er w ith purveying, taught by F.D. Morgan, the county su rveyor.

P o s s ib le _Connecti_on With R elfe Academy^— The note in the fore g o in g adver­ tisement that "th is i s the 8th term" in d ic a te s that the A llen School operated BEFORE I865. I t MAY h a ^ had a d ir e c t con nection with the Springdale Academy at R e lfe , which p robably was c lo s e d during most o f the C iv il War. l t _ i s ce rta in that_ P ro f.

Simeon W. P h illip s came from there. C ertain, a ls o , that he was in v estig a ted at R olla on a charge o f having u n fitn ess to teach - probably because, having taught at the Springdale Academy, in a s e c e s s io n is t community, he was thought to have been also a s e c e s s io n is t , or at le a s t d i s l o y a l to the Union. He was proved innocent.

The_ A llen School_H ouse. - E arly R o lla newspapers made frequent mention of "the A lle n S ch ool H ouse." Where was i t ? There are three p o s s ib le places - one of them a c e r t a in t y . F ir s t , i t may have been in the old Masonic H all, at northeast corner of 4th and Main s t r e e t s .

I t i s p o s it iv e ly known that the two A llen broth ers, George A. and M.L., during the 1860's had a lea se on that b u ild in g - and fo r the years 1867-69, su b -leased i t t o the R o lla C olleg e. So a few session s o f the A llen School may have been t h e r e .

A second p o s s i b i l i t y was the old "YELLOW HOUSE", owned by Robert M. Case, R o lla 's second mayor. This was the spacious tw o-story frame b u ild in g at the im­ mediate southwest corner of 3rd and Main s tr e e t s , opposite the Court House. I t was in th is b u ild in g , la te r c a lle d 'W ils o n 's R etrea t", that the great "S h all we secede, or n ot" m eeting of February, 1861, was h eld . I t seems ce rta in that at le a s t gome of the A llen S ch ool sessions were held th ere. The presence at 4th and Main s tre e ts o f a good and much used water w e ll was an a d vertised item in the s c h o o l's program.

There was no such "good w e ll" at the Commissary b u ild in g .

But the th ird p o s s i b i l i t y i s a c e r ta in ty . County warranty^deeds show that the old C iv il War Commissary B u ild in g, on a tria n gu la r l o t at the immediate corner o f 9th aid Elm s tr e e t s , was f i r s t sold by the co u n ty 's agent, Y/illiam C. York, to John ard Lucinda Webber. On November 28, I865, these two sold the premises to P Gforge A. A llen and w ife ( Anna Mae) for $300. The A llens, in turn, sold tne prem­ ises to the "Board cf Education o f the City o f R olla " on March 31st, I869. Then, r on July 2 i$ ‘t , 1881, the Schopl Board sold the l o t to F.C.W. Owen and W.R. Branson, owners o f the a d jo in in g Crandall House l o t .

This Commissary l o t , triangular in shape, fron ted 64-5 fe e t on the south lin e o f 9th s tr e e t , and 113.5 fe e t on the east lin e o f Elm s t r e e t . , ,. , The F in a l A dvertisem ent_0f Tte Allen S c h o o l.- In newspaper advertxsements b efore ate up“ to A p r il 30, 1869, the A llen S chool was ca lle d the R olla H igh_3choo_ The fo llo w in g i s the content of the advertisem ent as o f that date:

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( 27 -d )

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. RuIjL.fr SCHOOL, Phelps County, M isso u ri. S.W. (Simeon W.) P h illip s P r in c ip a l. W.S. P erkins, Asst . P r in c ip a l. Ernest H oh efele, teacher o f German’ and rren ch . Mrs.^M.L. A llen ( w ife o f G eorgef s broth er ), pian o. Miss R.E. White drawing and p a in tin g . Mr. F.D. Morgan ( he was county surveyor ), v o ca l music ( and s u r v e y in g ).

The year i s d iv id e d in t o three terms o f f i f t e e n weeks each. The f i r s t term b eg in s on A p r il 6th, 1868 - the second term on September 7th - the th ir d on December 28, 1868. O r i t e r s ' N ote: I f the s ch o o l thus fa r had held three se ssio n s per year, as here s ta te d , then i t would appear that th is sch o o l had s ta rte d , fo r term 1, in 1862. wos.

3—4 would have been in 1863 - 5-6—7 in 1864, ending with c5— 7 — ID in I865, w ith that 8th term beginning on May 15,1865, as we have record ed / .

T u itio n per s e s s io n i s as fo llo w s : Prim ary: 1st c la s s ............................ $5.00 2nd c la s s ............................

6.50 3rd c la s s ............................

8.5O Common E n glish Branches .................... 10.00 Higher E n glish branches ...................... 12.00 A ncient languages (L a tin , G r e e k ).. 15.00 Surveying ................................................. 15.00 P e n c il Drawing .......................................

5*00 M ono-chrom atic drawing ...................... 10.00 O il P ain tin g ............................ $5.00 t o 15 .00 V ocal M usic, 12 le s s o n s per term . 2.0 0 each Music, 30 le sso n s on piano ................ 15.00 " Good board can be had from $2.50 to $3-50 per week. Th£ in s t it u t io n i s in_a_most_ £l£a£ant_and_quie_t__part o f_ R o lla / which w ou ld n 't have been on the Comm issarv l o t / w ith ample grounds and good w ater. The b u ild in g has been f i t t e d up with good, s u b s ta n tia l fu r n it u r e . No pains w i l l be spared to make t h is a f i r s t c la s s s c h o o l.

Courses are ra p id , thorough, p r a c t i c a l . Government i s m ild, but r ig id in observance o f ord er, co u rte sy , and p r o p r ie t y . NORMAL CLASSES w i l l be formed each term, the o b je c t being to prepare young men and la d ie s to teach country s c h o o l.

T h is_ sch o o l stands a l t ogether ajpart fro m _ re li g i ous or p o l i t i c a l in flu en ce* P ro sp ectiv e patrons may v i s i t the S ch ool and observe i t s workings. Address "The P r in c ip a l" , at R o lla , M isso u ri. " This_Impre£sive_ Program, even reach in g in t o c o lle g e in s tr u c tio n , was present­ l y term inated by the t r a n s fe r o f i t s p ro p e rty and some o f i t s program to the R olla p u b lic s c h o o l system, and to the newly e s ta b lis h e d S ch ool o f Mines (1870—7 1 ). a lt thus i s seen th a t during tte p eriod 1865-69, R olla had not only common sch o o l edu­ c a tio n , but a ls o - in th is "A llen S ch ool" and a ls o in "R olla C o lle g e ", in s tr u c tio n in high s ch o o l and c o lle g e s u b je c t s .

THE ROLLA COLLEGE OF_1867-69 R o lla C o llege I s_In corpora ted In _ 1 8 6 7 .- R o lla C ollege was crea ted because o f the c o n v ic t io n o f the Rev. J.C .H . Hobbs, p a stor o f the R olla M ethodist ohurch, th at young "Rolla-Tow n" b a d ly needed s ch o o ls , in clu d in g some s o rt o f c o lle g e f o r the t r a in in g o f R o l l a 's teen -a g ers who had graduated from l o c a l common s c h o o ls .

Rev. Hobbs th e r e fo r e l e f t h is p a s to r a te , fo r a few weeks, and con tacted w ealthy fr ie n d s in Galena, I l l i n o i s and elsew h ere, who mi^ht fin an ce such a s c h o o l, in t h is , he succeeded so w e ll that in September, 1 8 6 /, he, together witu p re sid in g e ld e r , Rev. S tanford Ing, h is son John, Dr. L.A . V/ilson, and M essrs. E ../.B ish op, W .J.C. T aylor, Andrew Malcolm, and three oth ers, p e titio n e d C ir cu it Judge Aaron VanWormer fo r in c o r p o r a tio n o f ROLLA COLLEGE. The in co r p o r a tio n was granted, and p la ced on record on September 5th, 1867• Where_ And How R olla C ollege Operated^- The two b ro th e rs, George A. and M.L. A lle n a t th is tine had a tease on the second f l o o r o f tte old Masonic H all at n o rth ea st corner o f 4th and Main s t r e e t s . The Rolla. College Board sub—le a se d that,

CVM 8 /5 /6 9

. . 1870‘ s . .

(2 7 -e )

- 32 -

and ''fche p la c e " was fou nd.

The Board had an ou tsid e stairw ay b u ilt to second f l o o r , procured and in s t a l le d desks, c h a irs , books, an organ and a p ia n o. They must a ls o have arranged f o r an i n i t i a l teach in g s t a f f , of which John Ing may have been a member, as he was l a t e r .

The others who may have served are not p re s e n tly known to u s .

Boughran_Is £_re_side_ntO n May 21, 1868, the Board brought in the Rev. a. Loughran T pronounced "Lauren" ) , who assumed c o n t r o l both as head p r o fe s ­ sor and as p re s id e n t of the C ollege . A form al c o n tra ct with the Board d efin ed h is d u tie s , p r e r o g a tiv e s , f i n a n c i a l arrangements, and other p e rtin e n t d e t a i l s .

For th e Board, the c o n tr a c t was sign ed by S tanford Ing, p r e s id e n t, and Dr. L.A. W ilson , s e c r e t a r y .

The R o lla C ollege C u rricu lu m .- The s p e c i f i c l i s t o f stu d ie s o ffe r e d by R o lla C ollege i s n ot a v a ila b le . However, the c o lle g e was a d e fin it e r iv a l o f the A lle n S ch o o l.

I t o ffe r e d the common or "E n glish " branches and the curren t high s c h o o l co u rs e s, togeth er with a group o f c o lle g e l e v e l s tu d ie s . I t gained an ex­ c e lle n t re p u ta tio n , both in R o lla and out o f town, as the fo llo w in g e d i t o r i a l re v e a ls ( June 2 4 ,1 8 6 9 ): " In ed u ca tion , our county ranks among the h igh est in M isso u ri. The fr e e p u b lic s c h o o l system i s in g o ie r a l o p e ra tio n , and i t s good e f f e c t s are a lrea d y becoming m anifest . . . I n a d d itio n to the fr e e s ch o o ls , we have a lso numbers o f p r iv a te s ch o o ls , sem inaries, and c o lle g e s . S evera l of these have alrea d y secured w ide-spread p o p u la r ity , and a l i b e r a l ou tsid e patronage.

"M essrs. S.W. P h illip s and F.D. Morgan, o f ROLLA HIGH SCHOOL - P ro f. John Ing o f ROLLA COLLEGE - and Rev. G. H. "Williamson, of the S t. James ^ale and Female Seminary, are. each _a n d _a ll eiidnently q u a li f ie d f o r Jbheir £ o s it io n s . Under t h e ir e f f i c i e n t management, the p o p u la rity o f the r e s p e c tiv e sch ools i s d a ily in cre a sin g In a d d itio n to the above, we have in R o lla a p riva te s ch o o l under the d ir e c t io n o f P r o f. Foss - and a ls o a s ch o o l conducted under au spices o f the C a th olic Church, w ith F ather Thomas J. Moran as te a c h e r ".

R o lla C o llege Dis_con_binue_s. - We do not p r e s e n tly know, f o r c e r ta in , the date when R o lla C ollege d iscon tin u ed - but i t appears t o have done so during the 1869 year, a f t e r Rev. Loughran l e f t R o lla .

The 8pe.ctac.ular T e a c h e r s I n s t i t u t e O f_l869 ..- This momentous even t occurred on Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday, A p r il 6, 7, and 8, 1869. I t was convened

by Chs-yles T. Walker, former R o lla Express e d i t o r , and now Phelps County s ch o o l commissioner ( i . e . , su p e rin te n d e n t). In the c a l l , he was jo in e d by State S ch ool Superintendent, T.A. Parker.

S ohb tw e n ty -fiv e s ch o o l teachers from Phelps and a d jo in in g c o u n tie s were in atten d a n ce. S ev era l o u t-o f-to w n speakers were brought in , in clu d in g P r o f. E.G. Clark, a s s is t a n t sta te s c h o o l superintendent . .P r o f . 0 . H. Fethers, o f the J e f f e r ­ son C ity s c h o o ls , . . P r o f . O.M. Ba£er Gf the S t. Louis sch o o ls . . and Mrs. A lt­ man, of P enn sylvan ia. Other s p e c ia l speakers in clu d ed P r o f.

Wines and G.J. A y ers.

The daytime session s on a l l three days were held in the "A lle n School House The even ing session s were at the M ethodist church. Charles P. Walker presided at a l l m e etin g s. George A. A llen le d the d e v o t io n a ls . An i n i t i a l org a n iza tion o f the I n s t it u t e c o n s is te d o f Mr. Walker as p r e s id e n t, P r o f. Simeon W. P h illip s as s e cre ta ry , and John Ing as r e c o r d e r . A committee on permanent orga n iza tion c o n s is t in g cf P r o f. P h il lip s , O.M. Baker, and G .J.C . Ayeis wrote a su ita b le con­ s titu tio n .

A committee on r e c e p tio n , headed by Mr. Georgp A. ^ lle n and Miss L iz z ie Emerson, cared f o r such m atters as r e ce p tio n of guests and p r o v is io n o f board and lo d g in g .

A committee on r e s o lu t io n s re p o rte d , and recommended u n ifo rm ity in use o f approved te x t books throughout the county.

This was approved by the assem bly.

The books so recommended c o n s is t s d of R obin son 's N a tion al Reading and S p e llin g Book - the Robinson s e r ie s on A rith m etic - Geographies by Monteith and McNally K a r l's E n g lis h Grammar - and the Spencerian system of penmanship. This l i s t p ro­ v id e s a good id e a o f the textb ook s t h e r e a fte r used in R o lla 1s s c h o o ls .

CVM 8 /5 /6 9 ..1 8 7 0 's

( 2 7 -f)

( MEW CARBONS)

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. , " Uf r U- I n s t it u t e Program s.- The program fo r the several daytime sessions con sisted o f ten-minute ta lk s or d iscu ssio n s by the various speakers. The to o ics so d iscu ssed included^reading, w ritin g , arithm etic, orthography, penmanship mental and ^written a rith m etic, sch ool government, English grammar) U.S. Constitu­ tion , q u a lific a t io n of teachers, and he idea o f summing up high sch ool c re d its in terms o f " u n it s " .

The evening session s featured l i v e l y debates on the subject o f corp oral^ u n ish m en t p f ja u p i l s . Retain - or ab olish i t ? ..The group favored i t s r e te n tio n .

Music - a S p e cia l fe a t u r e .- A very s p e c ia l feature o f tte In s titu te was the music, led by Miss A lic e Ryan, organ ist and choir leader at the M ethodist church.

Dr. Richard Gear Hobbs, son o f tte 1867 M ethodist pastor Rev. J.C.H. Hobbs, who was a boy in that church in I867, to ld present w rite rs that i f ever a story o f R o lla ’ s m usicians were w ritten , Miss Ryan should c e r ta in ly be in cluded. She had a strong but b e a u t ifu l v o ic e , and at times sang fo r p o l i t i c a l r a l l i e s out on the town’ s s tr e e ts . Her beauty and voice so captivated P ro f. E.G. Clark, the a s s is t ­ ant state s ch o o l superintendent, that, fo llo w in g a sw ift courtsh ip, he married her.

Tte wedding was in S t. Louis on June 30, 18?0.

A , . Those p a r t ic ip a tin g in the evening debates included P ro f. Wines ..e d it o r ,;.r . N iles ..M rs. E.A. Seay . . mayor C.C. Bland . . P ro f. F. D. Morgan, . o f A lle n 's School ..P r o f . O.M. Baker ..P r o f . S.G. Clark ..an d P rof. Simeon'./. P h illip s , o f A lle n 's S ch ool. P ro f. O.H. Fethers captiva ted the assembly with his serious and humorous r e c it a t io n s . . . . P r o f . John Ing, o f R o lla C ollege, kept and signed the minutes o f the I n s t it u t e .

Rapid Development O fJ te lla _ S £ h o o ls _ F o llo w s _ te stitu te . - The consequences o f th is in s t it u t e - the f i r s t ever held in Phelps County - were tremendous. There seems not to have been much punch or vigor in the R olla p u b lic sch ool system thus fa r - exceptin g the e x c e lle n t program ca rried on by the A llen S ch ool. Now, how­ ever, the S ch ool Board seems t o have been g r e a tly impressed by the young assista n t state sch o o l superintendent - P ro f. E.G. Clark - and so th ey employed him to conduct or fin is h out the p u b lic sch o o l spring term for 1868-69, ending in July.

He then conducted the p u b lic sch oo l fo r the year 1869-70.

Of the s ch o o ls , under d ir e c tio n a? P ro f. Clark, the School Board member and secretary, Camillus G. Woody, in a published statement, had th is to say: " Our pu blic s ch o o ls , under the superin tendency of P ro f. E.G. Clark, have been an unusual success f o r the term ending July 9th, 1869. School w il l open again, under his management, the f i r s t Monday in September (1869), spd ™DPD_c£ntipu®. ten months.

No pains w i l l be spared to make the " p r in c ip a l department1' ( i . e . , the high sch ool) a model s c h o o l. L a tin ,_h ig h er m ttem atics,_a£d_natural_spianpes_ pan be_purpupd.

There w i l l be - in _ th is department - good, com fortable seats, and the roan , in other re sp e cts , w i l l be made com fortable and p leasan t. Scholars from abroad w ill be adm itted in to the sch ool by paying a reasonable t u it io n fe e . THp R o h li^ S ch o o l has not been an honor in R olla so fa r . But h erea fter, under a corps o f e f f i c i e n t teachers, we may be c e rta in o f a change fo r the b e t t e r . Tte City of R olla w ill not be o f much importance in the eyes of right-m inded men u n t il thp pu blic_sph pol becomes a su ccess.

Therefore — b u ild u.p_the_frep pchopl l In the end, i t i s one more econom ical, and fa r more humane / than R olla C ollege or the A llen S ch o o l?/ .

The Board o f S ch ool D ire cto rs r e s p e c t fu lly asks the earnest and unanimous support o f the c it iz e n s of R o lla in th eir e f f o r t s to b u ild up and e sta b lish a f i r s t cla ss p u blic s ch o o l in th eir m id s t." Signed: Camillus G. Woody, --.lerk o f the poard o f Education.

S ch ools Opened*. Sept*. 2,_186£, at which time e d ito r W.T. N iles had th is to say: " Our ears were greeted th is morning by the fa m ilia r peals o f the sch ool b e l l s .

School opens with b rig h t p ro sp e cts. There is no good^reason^why R o ll3- should not support a f i r s t - c l a s s p u b lic sch ool - as good as any in the S ta te. Experienced teachers have been secured f o r each department, and tte success of the PrincipP ro f. E.G. Clark - during the la s t term, augurs w ell fo r the future o f our s ch o o ls.

OVH.3/5/69 .. 1870's .. (27-g)

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„ . a S00d teach er cannot, alon e, make a good s c h o o l. The good w i l l the support ana in flu e n c e oi paren ts i s needed. Without th ese, no sch o o l can succeed. ^-et us, then, as c it iz e n s o f R o lla , lo o k in to the g o a l o f our town and our c h ild ­ ren, and do a l l we can f o r the encouragement o f the e n te r p r is e - knowing that a f i r s t c la s s s c h o o l w i l l add more to our good repute, at home and abroad, than any private e n te r p r is e we may e s t a b li s h ."

R o lla School^. Undey P rof^ E .G .ja a r k ^ 1869z 7 0 .- Prof., E.G. C la rk 's impres­ sive ta lk s and p a r t ic ip a t io n in the leachers* I n s titu te o f 1869, plus his person­ a l q u a lit ie s , seem to have been the p r in c ip a l fa c t o r s in h is s e le c t io n as R o lla 's school su perin ten den t f o r the 1869-70 y ea r. His a t t r a c t io n to Miss A lic e Ryan no doubt helped him to say "Yes" when the s ch o o l board o ffe r e d him the p o s it io n .

At any r a te , he headed the p u b lic s ch o o ls , not only fo r the spring term of 1869 but a lso f o r the year 1869-70.

As we have sa id , the 186?-70 term began on the second Monday in September, (kept. 13th ) 9 1869» B esides Prof . Clark, there was an a d d itio n a l teaching s t a f f o f at le a s t two - but t h e ir names are not record ed . As of March 10, 1 8 7 0 ,°P ro f.

Clark rep orted that the s ch o o l enrollm ent in clu d ed 208 p u p ils - 110 boys and 98 g ir ls .

The number o f p u p ils in each o f the c la s s e s taught were th ese: In Reading . . . 208 A rith m etic . . . 147 Grammar . . . 42 S p e llin g . . 208 Geography . . . . 121 U.S. H istory 19 W ritin g . . .

85 L a t i n .........18 The fo llo w in g p u p ils were in regu la r attendance ( 20 days ) during the month o f A p r il, 1870: Primary; Department: Amanda Cauffman . . Fanny B urdell . . . Caleb S k ile s . .

E lic Massey . . . David Kauffman . . . Sophia Sherman . . John Sanford ..and John M it c h e ll.

Intermediate_D£pajrtmait_: John Massey . . Arthur Brisban . . M illa rd Faulkner . .

Fanny S k ile s . . Cyrus Morse . . Nancy Moore . . George Brucher . . Sarah Majors . .

W iLlie Furnsworth ,,. Valcone M ajors . . and Nancy Hawh in s.

P r in c ip a l De]oartmen_t_(Hi£;h_Sdi£ol): Annie F lin n . . Joseph VanWormer . .

Annie O 'B rien . . Maggie O 'B rien . . Robert Fraim . . Charles Roehm . . Thomas W atkins..

Eddie T aylor . . Oscar Garvens . . C arrie W ilson . . and Peter S ch le e r.

I t thus appears th a t, during th is 1869-70 year, P ro f. Clark conducted what was R o lla ' s_ v ery f i r s t ; p u b lic High S ch ool. I t is p o s s ib le , a ls o , that the two extra teachers on his s t a f f may have been John Ing and Amos Richardson.

Prof_j_ C lark Rsyi£.n®. ~ Leavps_R_olla. - For reasons we do not p re se n tly know, P rof. Clark re sig n e d as sch o o l superintendent at the c lo s e o f the spring term, in la te June or e a r ly Ju ly, 1870. The year had been a ten m onth^session. What­ ever the reason , h is a b i l i t y and competence were in no way qu estion ed. And as we have sa id , on June 30> 1870, he m arried Miss A lic e Ryan, then l e f t R o lla to li v e at McPherson, Kansas.

The_ Teaching S t a f f For 1 8 2 0 -7 1 .- To replace P r o f. Clark, the s ch o o l board on July 21, 1870, a d v e rtis e d fo r a new s t a f f of teach ers, as fo llo w s : One p r in c ip a l, s a la ry n ot to exceed ^90 per month. A f i r s t a s s is ta n t principa-L, sa la ry &35 per month. A second a s s is t a n t p r in c ip a l, sa la ry p 30 per month. And one tea cn er fo r the negro s c h o o l, s a la ry $40 per month. ihe teachers employed under tn is arrangement, f o r the 1870—71 year, were these 1 P r in c ip a l, Amos J. xticnardson.

F irst a s s is t a n t , Mrs. Amos R ichardson. Second a s s is ta n t, Miss Keene. Third a s s is ta n t, ffa}'/pfe/ ^ i s s Mary K evins. And for tte negro sen ool, ^ is s Eunice Comstock.

The T each ers’ I n s t it u t e O f_1 870 .- This, the second Phelps County Teachers' InstututeT convened from A p r il 12th to 14th, 1870. I t was arranged and conducted by county superin ten den t Chas. P. W alker. P r o f. E.G. Clark, s t i l l R o lla 's super­ intendent, had an im portant p la ce on the program, which was much lik e that of l o o y .

The music f o r the o cca sio n was provid ed by P r o f. Amos J. Richardson, who was to succeed P r o f. Clark as su p erin ten den t.

cm

8/ 5/69 . . 1 8 7 0 ’ s . .

( 27 -h )

- 35 -

THE SUCGESSION_OF SCHOOL_BOAHDJiEMBE^JL 1869z 1 8 8 1 .- As of September 10, 1870, the s c h o o l board d i r e c t o r s who had, so fa r , served two years o f t h e ir th ree-yea r term ( September, 1867—68, September 1868—6 9 ), with a year yet to serve, were Camillus G. Woody and W illiam Robson, the town’ s a rch itect". Robson was the board’ s p resid en t - Woody the s e cr e ta r y fo r t h is and a dozen years afterw ard.

Up to September, I878, the s ch o o l board e le c t io n s were held in September, so that the terms ran from September to the next September. Two of the s ix board mem­ bers were thus e le c te d f o r terms of three years each, two the next year, am the f i n a l two in the fo llo w in g y ea r. Tte two new members e le c te d on September 10, 1870, were Charles C. Bland, R o lla 1s maycr, and A lb ert Neuman. And fo r th ree-year terms, e le c t e d the same day, were Robert P. Paulkner and Andrew Malcolm. Robsop was board p re s id e n t, Woody the s e cr e ta r y , and Paulkner the trea su rer.

The fo llo w in g ta b le tr a c e s the s u c c e s s io n o f sch o o l board members and o f f i c e r s through year 1880-81.

THE YEa R MEMBERS OF THE BOARD BOARD PRES.-SECY.-TEEAS. 1 8 6 4 . R .P .F au lkn er. .D anl. Chamberlain . . Andrew Malcolm Frank Deegan ..Joh n D u n iv in .. A.Demplewolf— Danl.

P arsons...................................................................................... ? . o 1865-69 . . ?? .............................................................................................. ?.

1869 -70 . . Louis Auerbach . . T.Q. Emerson . . Camillus G. Woody . .

Wm. Robson . . Dr. L. A. W ilson . .W. J.C . Taylor . . . .

Robson - Woody -Faulkner 18 70- 71 . . Robson . . Woody . . C.C. Bland . . A lb ert Neuman..

Andrew Malcolm . . Robt. P. Faulkner..........................

Robson - Woody - Faulkner (NOTE: This board chose the site of the R olla B u ild in g and con stru cted tte b u ild in g ).

18 7 1 - 72 . . C.C. Bland ..A.Neuman . . R.P.Faulkner ..C .G . oody Bland - Woody - Faulkner A. Maico lm . . A lex. Demuth ......................................

18 72- 73 . . R.P*Faulkner - A. Malcolm -*■ C.G.Woody - A.Demuth? ........... '^Voody -Faulkner Hirarn Shaw — H. Bascom Brown................................

1873- 74 *• C.G.Woody - A.Demuth - H.M.Shaw - H.B. Brown Isa a c Warmoth - E.M. C lark.

(NOTE-: Brown q u it , Faulkner d ie d . Replaced

by H.S. Herbert and Dr. John F etzer) 1873- 74 «. C.G.Woody - Dr. J .F e tz e r - H.M. Shaw H .S.Herbert Shaw - Woody - Clark I . Warmoth - E.M. Clark .........................................

18 74- 75 •• H.M. 3h$w - H.S. Herbert - I.Warmoth - E.M.Clark ? .........-Woody - Clark C.G.Woody - Dr. J. F etzer ....................................

1875- 76 . . I.Warmoth — E.M. Clark — C.G.Woody —.D r. J .F e tz e r — H.M. Shaw - H.S. H erbert. ( NOTE: Treasurer Clark embezzled $ 7 ,96 4.82 , Warmoth, angry, q u it . Replaced by E.W.Bishop and Cyrus H. F rost ............................................... Shaw-Woody-Clark & Frost 18 76- 77 . . E.W.Bishop - C.H. Frost - C.G.Woody - Dr. F e tz e rH.M.Shaw - H.S. Herbert ........................................

Shaw - ’Woody - Frost 1877- 78 . . ( NOTE: E le c tio n s f o r the fo r e g o in g , through the year 1877-78 were held in September, the terms being from S ep t, t o S ep t. For the year 1878-79, and afterw ard, e le c t io n s were changed to A p r il, terms A p r il to A p r il. To e f f e c t the change, Bishop, F rost, Shaw and Herbert served out what remained o f the 1877-78 term.

18 7 8 - 79 . .

For 1878-79, three ( R obt.A .L ove, Geo.Hume, Shaw ) were e le c t e d fc r one year - three ( F ro st, Bishop, Herbert ) f o r two years ........................................ •♦••• Bishop - Hume - r r o s t 18 79- 80 . . E.W.Bishop - C.H. F rost - John Hardin -Henry Dean Dr. Sami. B. Rowe - Henry Wood ................... ............ ........... ......... ■'•••• 1880- 81 . . John Hardin - Henry Dean - Dr. Rowe - Henry Wood C.H. F rost - J o s. Campbell, S r ................. ............ .. • Campbell-Wood r r o s t This r e co r d takes us through the p e rio d 1865-1881. We s h a ll resume thfe ta b le in making the re co rd fo r tte p eriod 1881-1890.

CVM 8 /5 /6 9

1870’ s

(2 7 -i)

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The Offi_ce_Of C ountyjSuperintend^nt. - In R o lla ’ s e a r ly yea rs, the county sch o o l superin ten den t "was e le c t e d a t the same tune as R o lla ’ .s s ch o o l board mem­ <£> bers - in September h e fo re September 10, 1878 - in A p r il t h e r e a ft e r .

Thus the terms ^would be d esig n a ted as 1875-76, fo r example. Our re co rd from 1857 down to 1869 i s in com p lete, but such re co rd as we have i s as fo llo w s : 1857-58 . . L yle S in g leton 186$ & 1870 ..C .P .W alker 1859 •• W.S. Ragan 1862 to 1868 . . No Record 1870—71 . . L .A . Dunlap 1860 . . Enoch F e r r e ll excep t th at in some 18 7 1 - 72 . . Dunlap 1861 . . John P. N o rv e ll. year $n there D an iel 1873 . .Amos Richardson Chamberlain serv ed .

1873-74 . .W.S. Perkins Perkins served con­ Dutie_s_0f The_ O f f i c e . - E esides v i s i t i n g tin u o u s ly through the s c h o o ls over the county p e r io d ic a lly , the county the year 1887-88. superin ten den t form ulated and adm inistered teacher examinations and granted tea ch er c e r t i f i c a t e s .

On o c ca sio n , a s s is t e d by two other " s c h o o l com­ m is s io n e r s ", he determ ined what textb ook s should be used.

These two others helped him t o prepare and a d m in ister the teacher exam inations. A ll of t h is work con­ cerned the s c h o o l board and tea ch in g person n el of the R o lla s ch o o l system.

GR0WTH_0F THE ROLLA SCH00L_3YSTEM The Campaign_For_A_N£w_Scho_ol B u ild in g .- Soon a fte r the c lo s in g o f the Teachers I n s t it u t e o f A p r il, I8 6 9 , e d it o r W.T. N ile s o f the R o lla Herald opened the campaign f o r a new and decen t R o lla S ch ool B u ildin g w ith the fo llo w in g e d it o r ­ i a l (Apr. 2 1 ,1 8 6 9 ). " S c a r c e ly a day passes but we hear the q u estion asked - "S h a ll we have a new S ch ool House ? " That i s asked by the v ery men who should take hold of the mat­ t e r - and by t h e ir support o f the measure - cause i t to be answered in the a ffirm ­ a t i v e . . . The c i t y census now bein g taken w i l l develope the f a c t that we have a popu­ la t i o n o f between 2500 and 3000 p e o p le , whose e d u ca tio n a l in t e r e s t s are represen ted in_an jold £oim is_saiy_barn, lo c a t e d in_the_re_ar £f_stables_an d_sal_oon s, and w i l l remain th ere f o r y ea rs, ren derin g our c i t y the s c o f f and by-word o f our more e n t e r p r is in g n eigh bor communities - u n less immediate ste p s are taken toward b u ild ­ in g a new hou se. " "In con v ersin g with c i t i z e n s on the s u b je c t, we have not met a sin g le in ­ d iv id u a l who expressed o p p o s itio n . But, on the con tra ry , each one, in the stron g­ e s t term s, advocated prompt a c t io n in the prem ises. The s ch o o l board, we lea rn , are a l l r ig h t - but do not wish to move in the m atter w ithout an e x p re ssio n o f the w i l l o f the p e o p le . Perhaps th is i s r ig h t . But - l e t a vote be taken as soon as p o s s ib le - say the f i r s t Monday in June, at the time o f h oldin g the c i t y e le c t io n .

Let the q u e s tio n o f " s c h o o l house" or "no s ch o o l house" - or ra th er, the q u estion o f "new s c h o o l house" or " o ld commissary barn" be thorough ly a g ita te d , and we are c o n fid e n t that our peop le w i l l unanimously be found on the sid e o f improvement and e d u ca tio n . " The b u ild in g o f a good s ch o o l house w i l l do much to in v it e permanent improvements, advance r e a l e s t a t e , and promote the growth o f R o lla , and our c i t i ­ zens w i l l n ot be com pelled t o blu sh f o r very shame, when asked by s t r a n g e r s ,’ Where i s your s c h o o l h ou se?’ ...A g i t a t e , a g it a t e , a g ita te l 1 The R o lla 3ch ool_B oa rd _H esita tes^ - One way to solve the "new sch o o l house" problem was to buy the o ld "YELLOW HOUSu" owned by former mayor Robert Case. —t was at the immediate southwest corn er o f 3rd and Main s t r e e t s , and Mr. Case in d i­ cated h is d e s ir e to s e l l the b u ild in g . However, the Board d id not regard th is as a s u ita b le s o lu t io n . Nor was the Board c e r ta in that a tw enty-year bond issu e o f $30,000 w ith 10% in t e r e s t ra te was good fo r R o lla . The Board had the power, under the* law, to c a l l a mass m eeting o f c it iz e n s wherein a vote f o r , or a g a in st, the new b u ild in g cou ld take place 2 what c o s t cou ld be in cu rred - and where the s it e

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should b e. I t cou ld , on a ffirm a tive vote o f the mass meeting, issue bonds to run twenty years, with in te r e s t not to exceed 10%. . . . While the Board h esitated , e d i­ tors P h ilip Van neren and H oratio S. Herbert prodded i t with t h is e d it o r ia l (June 2f

1870

) l

" The question^of a new sch o o l house i s one that should in te r e s t every c i t i ­ zen of Rolla . ^ xhere i s no town in the State o f M issouri, we w i l l venture to assert, of the same s iz e , and possessing the sane natural advantagss ss R olla , that is so d e s titu te ^ o f edu cation al p r iv ile g e s - or where so large a number o f c itiz e n s mani­ fe s t so l i t t l e in te r e s t in tte cause of popular education. Other towns, in every d ir e c tio n around us — north, south, e a st, and west - are keeping pace with tte s p ir it of improvement by e r e c tin g commodious sch ool houses, and securing tte serv ices of competent te a ch e rs........... I f the members of our present sch ool board have not tte nerve to use the power given them by ,the law, then l e t tte people of R olla, by vote next Tuesday, in s tr u c t them to proceed at once to bu ild a house worthy o f the county seat o f Phelps county. We b e lie v e that tw o-th irds o f the taxable inhabitants o f R olla, had they the opportunity, would vote fo r a new sch ool house. I f p o s s ib le , le t us have the vote, and then we s h a ll know who are the tru e _ frie n d s_ o f R o lla .1' " A New School_Hous_e_At Lajst^ .(Aug.. 1 ,_ 1 8 7 0 ).- The R olla Herald e d ito rs an­ nounced th is jo y f u l news in th e ir issue o f August 4th, 1870, as fo llo w s : " On Monday evening, August 1, 1870, the R olla Board o f Education passed an order pro­ viding fo r the issu e o f twenty-year bonds to the amount o f 430,000 fo r the e re ctio n o f a nexv p u b lic sch ool house. This a ctio n o f the Board w i l l add more to the mater­ ia l wealth o f R olla , and secure a la r g e r em igration to our county, than has been e ffe cte d f o r the la s t ten years. The next move w i l l be to s e le c t a favorable s it e , without referen ce t o " th is or th at" p a rtic u la r l o c a l i t y - although, should some la rge-h earted p u b lic s p ir it e d c it iz e n f e e l disposed to deal l i b e r a l l y with the Board, the p r o p o s itio n should be fa v ora b ly en terta in ed . Every member of the Board w il l be long remembered as among our most fa r -s ig h te d and pu blic s p ir ite d c it iz e n s . They are: Louis Auerbach . . Camillus G. Woody . . W illiam Robson . . T. ..ruerson ..

W.J.C. Taylor . . and Dr. L.A. W ilson ."

The p r o p o s itio n DID have some opponents. Among them was Walbridge J. Powell, ed ito r of the R o lla Express - and la te r of the Rolla New Era. C hoicejD f New School_House_Site . - The f i r s t choice o f s it e by the School Board was that now Tl969) occupied by the "R o lla B u ild in g", on the old School o f Mines ( now Univ. o f Mo., R o lla ) campus. This was owned by Mr. E. J. Bishop. He asked $1500 f o r the t r a c t . The Board r e je c te d the o ff e r , and bought another tra ct to the north of the S chool o f Mines, on which Jackling F ield was la te r la id o u t ,in R ailroad Lot No. 39. Mr. Bishop now o ffe re d t o trade the s ite f i r s t chosen the area bounded by 12th and 13th, Main and State stre e ts — fo r an equal amount of ground in R ailroad Lot 39* The o ffe r was accepted.

The. ^ R olla_B u ildin g''_ Is C on stru cted.- With the s ite new chosen, plans fo r the new b u ild in g were prepared by Mr. J.T . Harris, an a r c h ite c t o f 3j_oomington, I l l i n o i s . Bids were requested, and those received were opened in A p ril, 1o 7-l .

Mr. A.E. Dye, o f Salem, M issouri, o ffe r e d to con stru ct the b u ild in g fo r $23,000.

The co n tra ct was signed on May 1, 1871. The corner stone was la id with appropriate ceremonies on June 24th, 1871, w ith Mayor C.C.Bland and other c it y o f i i c i a l s , the School Board, and a large group o f c it iz e n s in attendance. The Masonic Lodge o f f ic i a t e d in la y in g the corner stone.

A D eta iled _D escrip tion _0 f Tte B u ild in g .- The "R o lla Building" may not la s t fo re v er, and th e r e fo r e we tate such space as is required t o include here the con­ t r a c t o r ’ s d e s c r ip tio n as he stated i t on the co rn er-la yin g day: " The corner stone o f the R olla sch o o l house w i l l be la id with Masonic honors on the 24th day cf June, 1871 - the anniversary of S t. John, the B ap tist.

I t i s expected that the e x e r c is e s w i l l be c o n d u c t e d ^ Thomas E. G arrett, Most Worthy Grand Master o f the Masonic order in M issouri. A general d e s crip tio n o± the e d i f i c e is as fo llo w s :

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. . 1870’ s

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11 fhe MAIN BUILDING fr o n t s south. I t measures 53 fe e t a cro ss the fro n t and i s o9 f&efc 6 in ciies in depth, north—south* I t has two added wings — one on the ea st and one^ on the west s id e , each 16 f e e t 6 inches by 30 fe e t - making an extrsme fr o n t o f 06 f e e t , and a depth of 69 f e e t 6 in ch e s. A ltog eth er, i t covers an area o f over 8,000 square f e e t . nIn clu d in g the basement, the b u ild in g i s fou r s t o r ie s high. The c le a r height o f the basement i s 8 f e e t . Measuring from f l o o r to c e ili n g , the heights o f the f i r s t , second, and th ir d s t o r ie s are, r e s p e c t iv e ly , 1 3 '-2 " . . 1 3 ’ -4 " . . and 1 3 ’ - 4 " .

The h eigh t t o the p la tform on top o f the main b u ild in g is 56 f e e t . Tte platform , 22 fe e t square, i s surrounded with r a i l and ba lu stra d e, forming a promenade 4 fe e t wide around the base o f tte tower, which is 11 f e e t square. The h e i^ it from p la t ­ form to f i n i a l i s 32 fe e t . The h e i^ it o f tte b u ild in g , from ground lin e to f i n i a l , is 88 fe e t . " Each f l o o r cf tte main b u ild in g is d iv id e d in to fou r rooms, capable o f seatin g 50 p u p ils each .

The fou n dation w a lls are of lim estone rubble work, two fe e t t h ic k and b u i l t from fo u r fe e t below ground to fo u r fe e t above. These stone w a lls e n c lo s e the basement sto ry , which is entered by two doors on the north sid e , and lig h t e d by 18 windows, two li g h t s each, 16x18" g la s s s iz e .

This basement is intended far the fu rn aces and fu e l fo r heating the b u ild in g . " This basement rubble work i s capped with a water table o f cut sandstone ( " c o tto n r o c k ", l o c a l l y named ) .

The b e l t cou rses, entrance step s, and window s i l l s are a ls o o f the same v a r ie t y of cut sandstone, and in a l l t o t a l some 1,000 lin e a r fe e t o f cut stone . " The w a lls from the water table to tte top o f the second s to r y are o f l o c a l l y produced b r ic k .

The corn ers are ornamented w ith quoins of b rick , stained in im ita tio n of Milwaukee b r ic k - and the w alls are sta in e d a cherry red. The second s to r y b r ic k work i s crowned w ith a brack et c o r n ic e . Above th is comes the mansard t h ir d - s t o r y r o o f , the sid es o f which are covered with fan cy r o o fin g s la t e .

The r o o f i s covered w ith sheet t i n . " There are fo u r entrance doors to the f i r s t s to r y - two on the north sid e, and two on the south. Each door measures 5 x 8 f e e t , and has a c i r c l e head (transom) with h ea d lig h ts o f 27x55" g la s s . There is one door lea d in g from each o f the two wings in t o each sch o o l room. " The f i r s t story i s lig h te d by 24 c ir c le -h e a d windows, each con tain in g 8 lig h t s o f 16x26" g la s s .

There are fo ld in g doors between two o f the rooms o f th is f i r s t f l o o r , and lik e w is e of the second fL o o r . By fo ld in g these doors, the back rooms can be con verted in t o a s in g le room fo r the purpose of le c t u r e s , e x h ib itio n s etc. " The wings each con ta in two ample f l ig h t s of s t a ir s - one s ta r t in g from each ou tsid e en tra n ce, winding each way, ard len din g togeth er on the second f l o o r .

From thence, they continue t o the th ird f l o o r . Underneath, the stairways are e n clo sed , form ing wardrobes so that there need be no con fu sion coming in or going out«

" The second s to r y is lig h t e d by 28 windows, segment heads, 8 lig h t s each b f 16x12 g la s s .

The th ird s to r y i s lig h te d by dormer windows, which are ornamented w ith b r a c k e ts , s c r o l l s , e t c .

They each have 8 lig h t s o f 16x21" g la s s . " A l l sash, excep t in the basement, are balanced with w eig h ts. Glass through­ out is o f the b e s t American double stre n g th . A ll the rooms and stairw ays are wain­ scoted , and a l l the windows supplied with in s id e b lin d s . A ll the e x te r io r wooa _ work i s painted and serried w ith white sand, and the in t e r io r wood work is fin is h e d in grain ed oak s t a in .

The p la s te r in g i s white hard f i n i s h . Blackboards are put up between a l l t te windows in each room. , n py the above, i t w i l l be seen th at the ROLLA PUBLIC SCHOOL nObon-, com pleted, w i l l have but few su p e rio rs in the S ta te , in p oin t of a r c h it e c tu r a l beauty, con ven ien ce, and fin is h •'*

CVM 8 /6 /6 9

. . 1870' s ••«

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CONDUCT OF_Iffi)_ROLLA_SCHOOLSJ_ 1871-80

A Mew F a cu lty For Y e a r _ 1 8 7 1 ~ 7 2 O n August 10,- 1871, the Schoibl Board dropped Amos J . Richardson as p r in c ip a l o f R o lla p u b lic s ch o o ls, and employed P ro f. Fred S. Wood, o f Chariton, Iowa, in h is place - at $100 per month". The s t a f f for^the 1871-72 year in clu d ed th ese: P r in c ip a l, Fred S. Wood, at $100 per month $ i r s t a s s is t a n t, --rs. red 3 . ( Mary E .) Wood, at 340 per month; Second a s s is ta n t, M iss Mary E. W ilson, at $35; Third a s s is ta n t, Miss Mary E. Bevins, at 330; and f o r the negro sch o o l, Miss Eunice S. Comstock, at $40 per month.

S ch ool was s t i l l held in the old Commissary b u ild in g , 9th and Elm, u n t il trans­ fe r r e d to the new b u ild in g about January 1, 1872.

As o f February 6, 1872, s ch o o l was conducted in the new b u ild in g , and P ro f.

Canape^ and M iss F lorence W hiting had been added to the s t a f f . However, a l l th is was d isru p ted in March, when exhaustion of s ch o o l funds c lo s e d the s c h o o l. For a sh ort time ^ r o f. and Mrs. Wood t r ie d t o m aintain a s u b sc r ip tio n s ch o o l, but in this they f a i l e d . As of A p r il 4th, they l e f t R olla f o r th e ir former home in Char i t on, Iowa.

The Board P r m u l^ t e s . General Rules, For S c h o o l.- In October o f 1871, the Board e s ta b lis h e d these r u le s f o r government of the R o lla s ch o o ls : ( l ) the Super­ inten dent was t o ha-ve charge o f, and be the " p r in c ip a l o f" the HIGH SCHOOL... (2 ) Teachers must be in t h e ir rooms 15 minutes b e fo re c la s s time, so as to make r e p o rts , watch room temperature ard. v e n t ila t io n .

They must m aintain order, and use the s c h o o l books ordered by the Board. . . . ( 3 ) Pupils cou ld be o f any age from 5 to 21 y ea rs, and must_be white_. (4 ) P u p ils must fu rn ish books and su p p lie s, must NOT ca rry firea rm s, and MUST be c le a n . ( By order o f C.C. Bland, p re sid e n t, and C.G. Woody, s e c r e ta r y .,; Reading 0f_The_BibIp . - A few patrons o f the S chool o b je cte d to the reading o f the B ib le in classroom s.

The Board s p l i t 3 to 3 on a d e c is io n , but f i n a l l y d ecid ed that p a ren ts who o b je c te d to having th eir ch ild re n l i s t e n to such reading cou ld have the c h ild r e n excused - but in that case they would be marked "tard y" (Jan. 4, 1 8 7 2 ).

The Teachers_Inst_ihj.t,e_0f A p r il, _1871 •- From A p r il 18th to 20th, 1871, a th ird T eachers' I n s t it u t e was h eld in R o lla .

The l i s t o f those present was t h is : R o lla te a ch e rs: P r in c ip a l, A .J . Richardson . . Mis Richardson . . Miss F lora Vihiting .

Miss Minnie W hiting . . Miss Mary Nevins . . and Miss E lla Van Deren. These from elsew h ere: Rev. J.C .H . Hobbs . . P ro f. L . A. Dunlap . . Rev. J .S . F ra izer . . B .F .F ryer Dr . S.H. Headlee . . Sam G ourley . . B .F. Clark . . Dr. J.C . Alexander . . Mrs. Maggie (Kern) Peters ( R o l l a 's f i r s t s c h o o l teach er ) ..M iss Dau^it E. Kern ..M iss N e llie F r i z z e l l . . Miss M o llie Hudson . . Miss M.C. Hamilton . . Miss Emma Coughlin ..M iss Sarah Burns . . ard M iss L iz z ie Emerson. S everal of these became very w e ll known as te a ch ers, both in R o lla and in S t. James.

The Teachersj_ I n s t it u t e 0f_November 2 2 -2 ^ ,_1871. - The p rin ted record sta tes that t h is was the FIFTH o f such in s t it u t e s in R o lla . With th is one, we have men­ tion ed on ly fo u r .

The p a r tic u la r o cca sio n o f t h is meeting was the d e d ica tio n o f the new R o lla P u blic S ch ool House i&we have d e scrib e d fo v fin is h e d and ready fo r u se . S oeb 35 teach ers were p resen t, among them. Supt. Fred S. Wood and w ife , Mary E. And as we have said , p u b lic sch o o l was s t i l l conducted in the old Commissary B u ild in g, and would not occupy the new b u ild in g u n t il January 1 s t , 1872.

The Inst,i_tute_Convened And F inished most o f i t s bu siness on Wednesday, Novem­ ber 22nd.~ This_ was because, on the next day, November 23rd, there was t o be a tw o -fo ld d e d ic a t io n : ( l ) D ed ica tion o f the New B u ildin g fo r p u b lic sch o o l pur­ poses; ani (2 ) Opening and d e d ic a tio n o f the new M issouri S ch ool o f Mines and M eta llu rgy .

These e x e r c is e s were p resid ed over by Hon. E lija h re rry , u n iv e r s ity cura or, in the daytime s e s s io n . In i t , p resid en t D aniel Read, o f M issou ri U n iversity,

CVM

8 /7 /6 9 . . 1870»s

- i+G -

inducted P r o f. Charles P. W illiam s in to o f f i c e as D ir e c to r o f the S chool o f Mines.

An evening s e s s io n w^s held in the R o lla M ethodist Church. The d e t a ils o f these m eetings are recorded in our 1941 H istory o f M issouri S ch ool o f Mines and M etal­ lu rg y , so we do not repeat them h ere.

MISSOURIJSCHODL 0F_MII^S_3NTMRS PICTURE. M is,souri_S£hool o f Mines A rriv es - Change_s_R olla _S ch ooI Pr£gram.- A fte r three years o f co n te n tio n , the M issouri L e g is la tu re passed an A ct, approved by Governor Joseph W. McClurg on February 24th, 1870, p rov id in g f o r a M issouri "S chool o f Mines and M eta llu rg y ", which would be a d iv is io n of the U n iv e rsity of M issou ri, but which would be e s ta b lis h e d in some county of southeast M isso u ri. To be e l i g i ­ b le to b id f o r lo c a t io n o f the s ch o o l, the county had t o ha-ve a ctiv e m ines. Phelps County had them, at Maramec Spring - the Maramec Iron 'Works. That county which o ffe r e d the most in cash, land, and oth er p ro p e rty could have the S ch o o l.

Five c o u n tie s en tered b id s .

The e le c t o r s o f Washington and S t. F rancois co u n tie s r e je c t e d the p r o p o s it io n at the p o l l s .

The bid of Madison county was thrown out because i t was ir r e g u la r and inadequate. Iron and Phelps cou n ties were l e f t to compete. With i t s b id o f $130,500, Phelps county won over Iron county w ith i t s bid o f $113,500. Of the Phelps County bid , $75,000 was in bonds, viiich were la t e r voided because not subm itted to the v o t e r s .

The U n iv ersity cu rators fo r m a lly lo c a te d the S ch ool in R olla on December 8th, 1870, and the L e g is la tu re confirm ed the lo c a t io n on March 10, 1871.

The_ S ch o o l_ o f Miners ls_0£ened_.- Im patient because o f seeming delay, R o lla c it iz e n s demanded a c t io n .

The u n iv e r s it y cu ra to rs th e re fo re responded , and on August 25, 1871 e le c t e d P r o f. Charles P. W illiam s, of Pennsylvania and Delaware, as D ir e c to r and head o f the S ch o o l.

Now they would open the S ch ool - but how, and where ? The founding Act had not provid ed f o r b u ild in g s , nor cash f o r opera­ t io n .

I n t e r e s t on the $75,000 bond is s u e provided on ly nominal funds. In such circu m stan ces, somebody proposed that the new Public S ch ool B u ildin g was much la r g e r than needed f o r the p u b lic s c h o o ls . Why not rent the two upper f l e e t s P°r use o f the S ch ool o f Mines ? The idea j e l l e d .

The p u b lic s ch o o l would use only the ground f l o o r .

W ith temporary headquarters thus assured, D ir e c to r W illiam s, on November 6th, 1871, assembled the S c h o o l’ s very f i r s t c la s s . In i t was one g i r l - Miss Clara Smith - and twelve boys gathered in from R o lla and the Newburg and oth er farm s.

Under D ir e c to r W illiam s, s ch o o l a f f a i r s moved sm oothly up to the end o f the term in May or Jure of 1875. The f i r s t M.S.M. graduation occurred on June 18,1874, when three boys - John Pack . . Gustavus Duncan . . and John H olt re ce iv e d degrees, r e s p e c t iv e ly , o f mining en gin eer, c i v i l and m echanical en g in eer.

The_ Fort jd£m £n_E uilding Ps_Planne_d. - This opening of the S ch ool in the "R o lla B u ild in g " was in tended t o be temporary, o n ly . In lin e w ith th at plan, the cura­ to r s in 1872 caused plans t o be drawn fo r an $85,000 S ch ool of Mines b u ild in g t o be lo c a te d on F ort Wyman H i ll, south of R o lla . Mr. A.M. Dye, o f Salem, who had b u ilt the "R o lla B u ild in g ", co n tra cte d to b u ild t h is Fort Wyman b u ild in g . He had gather­ ed to g eth er h is t o o ls , b u i l t c o n s tr u c tio n sheds, opened a stone quarry and dressed some fou n d a tion stone when the C urators, in June cf 1872, summarily voided h is c o n t r a c t . Money t o pay f o r the work was not in s ig h t . Rumors a ls o arose that the $75,000 county bond is s u e was i l l e g a l and could be voided - because the e le c t o r a t e had not voted on i t .

In f a c t , s u it was brought, and M issouri Supreme Court void ed the bonds in 1874* What would the S ch ool now do ?

S c h o o l_ o f Mines_ Move£ To_Pre_sent_Cam£U_s.- There seemed to be but one answer.

By consent o f R o lla c i t y o f f i c i a l s and prominent c it iz e n s , i t was d ecid ed that the "R o lla B u ild in g " would be s o ld to the U n iv e rsity cu ra to rs f o r $25,000 - payment to be made in f i v e in s ta llm e n ts .

The plan was adopted - but that meant that the R o lla p u b lic s ch o o ls would have t o move back in t o the old Commissary b u ild in g at

CVM

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1870's

9th ard Elm s t r e e t s . old lo g b u ild in g .

- 41 That move found the f a l l sch o o l opening, 1875 back in the x ’

Erie ^ o l l a ochool_s, _1872 t o _ 1 8 8 l.- We have sta ted that Rolla* s p u b lic sch o o ls opened in the new "R o lla B u ild in g " on January 15, 1872. The s t a f f on that date in clu ded P r o f. and Mrs. Fr ed S. Wood, and the M isses Mary W ilson, Mary Nevins and F loren ce W h itin g. By February, P r o f. Campe, who had been b rou ^ it in to teach at tne S ch ool of .'.lines, was added. Then, as we have sa id , sch o o l funds were ex­ hausted, and the s c h o o l had t o c lo s e .

P r o f, and Mrs. Wood returned to t h e ir former home a t C hariton, Iowa. From the date of suspension, March 7, 1872, there was no more s ch o o l u n t i l the f a l l term opened in September. ^ The le a r _ 1 8 7 2 -2 3 • -^Luman F. Parker - budding young a ttorn ey of R o lla - la t e r c h ie f cou n sel f o r the F r is c o r a ilr o a d - and the one fo r whom Parker Hal]. :bn the M.S.M. campus i s named - served as the R olla p u b lic s c h o o l p r in c ip a l f o r this yea r.

At the c l o s e o f the year, he began h is study and p r a c t ic e of law in R o lla , and abandoned te a c h in g . We d o not p r e s e n tly have the l i s t of other teachers fo r the year - but among them couM te ve_be_en the Mis ses F lorence and Minnie W hiting, Mary —• H ilson , and Mary b . N evins. Miss Eunice Comstock ma^ have_taught the Negro s c h o o l.

The. •~ This term was lim it e d 2°_P2.ui. months, beginning in Sep­ tember, on the f i r s t Monday. Miss Jennie W inters was the P r in c ip a l, Miss M.H. Clark the f i r s t a s s is t a n t , Miss Jennie Deane the second a s s is t a n t . Miss Minniw "Whiting had the f i r s t prim ary, M iss E lla Van Deren the second prim ary. The Negro, cr "Lin­ c o ln " s c h o o l, taught by J.D . Mershon, was conducted in the old Commissary b u ild in g .

Tte_Year 1824-72*” This was the la s t year the p u b lic s ch o o ls were conducted in the R o lla B u ild in g . M iss Jennie W inters served as P r in c ip a l. Miss Minnie C. W hiting was f i r s t a s s is t a n t , Miss Annie Hume the second a s s is t a n t . Miss E lla Van Deren taught the prim ary c la s s , and George H. Richardson taught the Negro s c h o o l.

Tte _ p is tr ic t_ Pres id £nts_Choose_ Textbooks . - In January, 1875, seventeen p r e s i­ dents o f Phelps County s c h o o l boards met and chose the textbooks to be used in county s c h o o ls f o r the next f i v e y e a rs . The source or author, togeth er with the s u b je cts covered by the t e x t s , were as f o l lo w s : Independent. Serie_s: The Barnes reader books - upper c la s s S p e lle r , Child* s S e r ip t S p e lle r .

Ray/s. A rith m etic, W ills o n ’ s Primary Charts Sw inton’ s : S ch ool Com position - Language Lessons - Word A n a ly sis.

2 l a r k 1s_: Grammar . . . S t© elei.s Natural S cie n c e .

E c l e c t i c : Penmanship . .Ridpath* s.: H isto ry . . . F i p k l i n ’ s A lgebra.

In previous y ea rs, the McGuffy Readers had been used. The Barnes* s e r ie s now rep la ced the M cGuffy’ s.

The 1825-76 Y e a r .- The "w h ite" s ch o o ls were now back in the old Commissary b u ild in g .

The Board now h ired P r o f. C. B. I sham as P r in c ip a l. Miss Minnie C. W hiting had chargs o.f the "In term ed ia te" grad es. Miss Sarah Minium taught the r i r s t Primary ..M is s Mary VanWormer the Second Primary. John 0 . J e ffr e y s , a most capable Negro, ta u g it the "L in c o ln " s c h o o l.

This y e a r ’ s s e s s io n did not open u n t il the^ f i r s t Monday in O ctober, due t o d e la y in r e —fu rn is h in g the old Oommissary o u ilo in g .

The. 1826-72 T e a r .- The Beard, at f i r s t , h ired P r o f. J.M. B u tle r, of Dyersburg, Tennessee, as P r in c ip a l — at $70 per montn. However, he decid ed not to come, In h is p la ce the Board h ired Mrs. C.N. F lin t , at $75 per month. She was ch a ra cte r­ iz e d as ” a most capable te a c h e r ". Miss Minnie C. W hiting taught the "In term ediate" at $40 per m onth.. The M isses B e lle Huyette and Mary ^an Wormer, r e s p e c t iv e ly , taught the F ir s t and Second Primary at s a la r ie s of $30 per month.

Sorte P u p il S t a t i s t i c s f o r the je a r - with teach er loa d s - have much in t e r e s t .

There w ere? th is year, and in R o lla , 300 ch ild r e n cf s o h o ll age. As of September 7, ‘When s c h o o l opened, Mrs. F lin t , in the "Grammar Department", had 24 p u p ils , m the

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In term ediate c la s s e s , M iss J h it in g had 34 p u p ils . M iss H uyette, in the F ir s t P r i­ mary, had 40 . . and M iss Van Wormer, in Second Primary, had 60 1 ..T h e t o t a l was 158. . . . By February o f 1877, the p u p ils in attendance had in cre a se d as fo l lo w s : There were 108 w hite b o y s, 117 w hite g i r l s , 26 n egro b oy s, and 37 negro g i r l s f o r a t o t a l o f 288^ John 0 . J e f f r e y s con tin u ed at the L in c o ln s c h o o l. . 2*5. I e a r _ 1 8 7 2 -2 S .- T his yea r was n o ta b le because P r o f. C.P. W illiam s re sig n e d as D ire cto r^ o f th e S ch o o l o f M ines, and was succeeded by P r o f. Charles E. W a i t / o c h o o l ox M ines p o l i c i e s and management, l a i d down by the u n iv e r s it y c u r a to r s , were c o n s id e r a b ly changed, th ereb y in some measure a f f e c t i n g R o lla ’ s p u b lic s c h o o l pro­ cedures . _ p the p u b lic s c h o o l, M iss Emma W hitaker succeeded Mrs. F lin t as P r in c ip a l.

M iss M innie W hiting con tin u ed in charge o f the In term ediate c la s s e s . „ i s s B e lle Huyette had th e Second Prim ary, M iss Mary VanWormer the F i r s t .

John 0 . J e ffr e y s had charge of L in c o ln S ch o o l f o r n e g r o s . ...A n d in O ctob er, 1877, M iss Ida Smith was employed as an a s s is t a n t t e a c h e r .

S t a t i s t i c s are a gain of i n t e r e s t .

In the "Grammar ^epartm ent" ( i . e . , high s c h o o l ) , M iss W hitaker had 25 p u p ils .

In In te rm e d ia te , M iss W hiting had 55. Miss Huyette in F i r s t Prim ary had 55, and M iss VanWormer in Second Primary had 75 • Mr. J e f f r e y s , at L in c o ln s c h o o l, had 62. . . . ’What would modern te a ch e rs thin k and do— w ith c la s s e s as la rg e as th ese ??

The Year_1878~29. - For t h i s yea r, the Board e le c t e d Miss B e lle Huyette as P r in c ip a l and head o f the Grammar S c h o o l. M iss Maggie F in le y had the F ir s t I n t e r ­ m ediate, M iss Sarah Minium the Second In te rm e d ia te . M iss Mary VanWormer taught the Primary . . and John 0 . J e ffr e y s con tin u ed a t L in c o ln .

6 c h ° o l _ o f Miners I n i t i a t e £ Prejo^ Studies^.- For t h is y ea r, the S ch ool o f Mines i n i t i a t e d a departm ent o f "p r e p a r a to r y s t u d ie s " , in which 46 students were e n r o lle d .

This meant th a t many who, o th erw ise, would have pursued high s c h o o l s tu d ie s in the p u b lic s c h o o l "Grammar Departm ent", upon le a v in g the Interm ediate or grade s ch o o ls r e g is t e r e d f o r th ese M.S.M. " p r e p ." c o u r s e s .

This p o l i c y continu ed throughout the Wait a d m in is tr a tio n , 1877 t o 1888.

Thus, up to the end o f the 1884-85 term, some 220 students had taken t h i s M.S.M. p r e p a ra to r y c o u r s e .

For such re a s o n s , the p u b lic S ch o o l Board now form ulated these p o l i c i e s : ( l ) The te a ch e r in charge o f the "Grammar Departm ent", which t o date had conducted c la s s e s o f high s c h o o l rank, should from now on con tin u e as the head of the p u b lic s c h o o l.

(2 ) From June Of' 1878, no more stu d ie s h ig h er than th ose of the to p grades o f common s c h o o l l e v e l shou ld be taught ( a p o l i c y rep ea led the n ex t y e a r ).

This meant, as a c t u a l ly happened, th at students who would otherw ise have e n r o lle d in the h ig h s c h o o l co u rs e s o f the Grammar Department would now e n te r the "prep" cou rses a t M.S.M. This was a p o s s i b i l i t y up to 1893, when the S ch o o l of Mines a b o lis h e d i t s p re p a ra to ry departm ent. From then on, the p u b lic s ch o o l had to o f f e r such high s c h o o l work as was r e q u ir e d .

The Y e a r _ l8 7 2 -8 0 .- For t h is y ea r, the Board d ecreed an e i ^ i t month term.

Capt. H.W. Cox was employed as P r in c ip a l at a s a la r y of &55 per month. His room was d e s ig n a te d as "Room Ho. 1 " .

For Room 2, M iss B e lle H uyette, who had been tne p r i n c i p a l the p re v io u s y ea r, was h ire d at 3?30 Pe r month. She re fu se d to serve at the reduced s a la r y , s o in her p la ce the Board h ire d Miss L e t i t i a G allatior, a very much lo v e d young la d y .

For Room 3, Maggie F in le y was chosen at 636 per month, u00m 4 was in charge " o f Miss Sarah Miniugi at §30 per month. M iss Mary ^anWormer had Room 5 a t §30 per month. And John 0 . J e ffr e y s taught L in c o ln s c h o o l f o r v35 per month.

These s a l a r i e s seem to in d ic a t e th at the Board was "economy m inded", in another a c t io n , th e Board r e p e a le d the r e s t r i c t i o n o f the p re v io u s year - and now d e cre e d th a t "some o f the h ig h e r bran ch es" COULD be taught by the P r in c ip a l in the Grairmar Departm ent. .

The Y ear_1880-81^ - For th is yea r, the Board h ire d Capt. H .J. oox again, as P r in c ip a l — bu t he r e sig n e d to teach m athem atics a t the S ch o o l o± mines* T herefore the Board employed M illa rd Godi/vin as p r in c ip a l in h is place • He p re sid e d in

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. . 18 70's

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Miss L e t i t i a G allaher had Room 2 . . Maggie F in le y Room 3 . . Sarah Minium Room 4 . . and Mary VanWormer Room 5 (P rim ary). John 0 . J e ffr e y s continued at L in coln s ch o o l.

For the sparing term, room assignments had been s h ifte d so th at Miss F inley had Room 2 ..M is s Minium Room 3 ..M is s G allaher Room 4 and Miss Van .former Room 5.

THIS WAS THE LAST TERM EVER TAUGHT IN THE OLD COMMISSARY BUILDING. IT WAS DESTROYED BY THE great FIRm OF JULY 4th, 1S81 — as we have a lrea d y r e la te d . i

• ♦ •

Plans_ For A New B rick B u ild ing were under way b efore the great f i r e destroyed the Commissary B u ild in g .

Townsmen were t ir e d of sending t h e ir ch ild re n to the old b u ild in g , which was behind saloon s - and l i v e r y s ta b le s which spawned numberless f l i e s and otherw ise dispensed sten ch . There should be found a b e t t e r s ite - and on i t a s u b sta n tia l b r ic k b u ild in g should be e r e c t e d .

• I t was thus that the S ch ool Board, ic a lle d a s p e c ia l e le c t ic h fo r May 17, 1881 - b e fo r e the b ig f i r e - in which the voters would make a ch o ice between sev era l new s i t e s - and a ls o in d ic a te th e ir id ea o f what the new b u ild in g should c o s t .

Three s it e s were voted on: ( l ) The old Bishop Theatre l o t , bounded by 5th, 6th, Main and Park s t r e e t s .

(2 ) The old Isham B lock, between 7th ard 8th, O live and Cedar stre e ts.

(3 ) The M illa rd B lock . The votes cast fo r each, r e s p e c t iv e ly , were 183 12 - and 43• That s e tt le d the q u e stio n of " s i t e " .

The second q u estion was, " What c o s t do you fa v o r ? " ( l ) a b u ild in g co s tin g $8,000 - or (2 ) one c o s t in g $6,000. The r e s p e c tiv e votes were 218 fa r the $8000, 20 f o r the $6,000 c o s t . That s e tt le d the c o s t item . The b u ild in g would be of b r ic k .

Old CoOTaissary_L£t_Is_ S o ld .- With changed s i t e , c o s t , ard type o f b u ild in g thus d ecid ed , the S ch ool Board on Ju ly 21, 1881, sold the old Commissary l o t to F.C.W. Owen f o r $150. This was a fte r. the great f i r e of July 4th.

The. C en tral 3 ch ool_B u ild in £ Is_ P la n n e d .- Henry H. Hohenschild was now chosen as the a r c h it e c t .

P relim inary plans drew much c r it ic is m , but d iffe r e n c e s were f i n a l l y iron ed ou t. Sets of the plans are not now a v a ila b le . Therefore we can on ly estim a te the b u ild in g 's dimensions from in s p e ctio n o f photographs. Thus, we estim ate the f l o o r plan' to have been some 44 fe e t on the north fa c e , flan k in g 6th s t r e e t 's south s id e .

The depth, to the south toward 5th s t r e e t , was some 36 f e e t .

This provid ed fa r e ig h t rooms in the tw o -sto ry b u ild in g . Each f l o o r had a c e n tra l hallway, extending n orth -sou th , with p a irs o f two rooms on each side of the h a ll.

This provided fa r rooms measuring same 18 x 19 f e e t .

The p a ired rooms could be converted in to s in g le rooms 19x36 fe e t by opening swinging p a r t it io n w a lls . Each room was w e ll lig h t e d by fou r windows per room.

P rogress of C o n s tr u c tio n .- As earky as June 9th, 1881, the old Bishop Theatre b u ild in g ( C i v i l War Teamsters' barn ) had been wrecked. By June 29th the Board had purchased the l o t , and plans were ready fo r re ce p tio n of b id s . These were the o f f e r in g s : Robert McCaw, $7998.00 ...W e is s and W a lfert, $7995 •• —vans and B ro., $ 8 ,2 0 0 . McCaw got the c o n t r a c t .

The b u ild in g must be completed by December 1, 1881.

That a c t u a lly happened on February 4th, 1882.

FoundationJtfork S tarted on July 14, 1881, and was ready far b r ic k work on August 1 8 th , Brick work sta rte d September 6th, and the slate r o o f was being la id on top o f the w alls on November 10th . The desks and fu rn itu re , ordered that same day, c o s t $790.00.

The new b e l l a rriv e d on October 20th. i n s t r u c t i o n was f u l l y completed on February 4th, (Saturday ), 1882, on which d a y /a r c h it e c t reported that the t o t a l b u ild in g and fu rn ish in g c o s t was $ 8 ,6 1 7 .0 0 .

C entral S ch ool_B u ild in g Is_Dedicated_:_ _S ch ool Opens_ I n _ I t .- The new Central b u ild in g was d ed ica ted w ith appropriate ceremonies on Monday, February 6th, 1882.

M illa rd Godwin was the s ch o o l superin ten den t. Speeches were made by the fo llo w in g p e rson s: Judge Charles C. Bland - E.W. Bishop - Joseph Cam pbell,Sr. - Cyrus H. F rost - a r c h it e c t H.H.Hohenschild - and Supt. M illard Godwin.

The incumbent S chool Board, A p ril 1881 to A p r il 1832, under which ohe foreg oin g c o n s tr u c tio n took p ls c e , in clu ded th e s e : Joseph Campbell, presid en t . . Henry hood, s e c r e ta r y ..C yru s H. F rost, treasu rer . . H.S. Herbert . . John Hardin ..an d 3 . o.K a u ff­ man .

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Central 3chool_0Eened,Jtondax,.February 6th, JL832.- As the dedication ceremi monies ended on Monday, February 6th, 1382, the f i r s t cla sses in Central School were opened. These were the teachers, the rooms, and the number of pupils enr o lle d in each room: M illard Godwin, P r i n c i p a l ----- salary *62.50 per month . . . 36 p u p ils. ^e t i t i a Gallaher, room 5 •• #32.50 per month ....................... 34 Maggie F inley, room4 ..........

32.50 per month ....................... 42 Sarah Miniprn , room3 .......... 32.50 per m o n th ........................ 42 Ida Smith , room2 .......... 32.50 per month ....................... 31 Mary Van Wormer, room 1 . . .

32.50 per m o n th ........................ 71 TIffi_FIPST_RECOI®M} GIUDUATION_PROGEAM R o lla 1s_ F ir s t Re£orded_Graduation Program.- We have not, thus fa r, discovered any record of pu blic school graduation e x e rcise s p r io r to the one of June, 1882.

This one was the f i r s t ever presented in the new Central Sch ool. I t was reported on Thursday, June 22, 1882, and convened a t 8:00 o 'c lo c k in the evening. This was the prin ted program: Song: "Welcome" ...................................................................... By the School.

Opening Address: .................................................................. Miss Emma Cleino.

R e c ita tio n : "Never Give U p " . . . . . ......................................... Eddie Bishop.

R e c ita tio n : "Popping the Question" ........................................... Nora H ill.

The Quarrel o f Brutus & Cassius . . . Eddie Lepper and Charles P ierce.

Connubial Controversy .................................................................... Ida M ille r.

German R e cita tio n ........................................................................Freddie S eele.

R e c ita tio n : " How Jennie Carte Home" ...................................Lenora Stern.

"Meteor" ........................................................................................ W illie Hardin.

Song: " Sweet Roses That Wither" ....................................... ?? .....................

Charade: "Petroleum" ........................................................... Group o f p u p ils.

R e c ita tio n : 11 We Reap What We Sow" ...............................L izzie Harrison.

R e c ita tio n : " Who'd Be A Boy Again?" ................................. Frank Ryker .

R e c ita tio n : " The P olish Boy" ................................................... Lucy Morse.

R e c ita tio n : " The Best Cow In P e ril" .............................Eddie Harrison.

R e c ita tio n : " Torn" ..................................... ........................ Bessie Gallaher.

R e c ita tio n : " The Lord o f Burleigh" ..................................... Flora S co tt.

R e c ita tio n : " The C hristian Maiden and The Lion" .............. Lulu H all.

Song: .............................................................................. lembers Of The School.

Charade: "Dandelion" ........................................................... Group Of P upils.

R e cita tio n : " M0th2r Gray's Farewell" ................................... Ida M ille r.

R e c ita tio n : " Jennie McNeal's Ride" ............................... Hattie Maupin.

Tableau: " GOOD NIGHT" ......................................................... By The School.

B.ons_truction_0f L incoln Scho^l^ 1882.- During the period 1373~75> while the "white" sch ool convened in the "R olla B uildin g", the negro school occupied the old Commissary Building at 9th and Elm s tr e e ts . When, in 1875, the white school re-occu p ied the Commissary bu ilding, the Negro school had to be held in the old Robt. M. Case "Yellow House" at immediate southwest corner o f 3rd and Main s t r e e t s . With the Commissary bu ild in g now gone up in smoke, i t was deemed expedient to con stru ct a separate bu ilding fo r the Negro sch ool.

A ccordin gly, the School Board, con sistin g o f Campbell, .;ood, Kauifman, x'root, Herbert and Hardin had plans drawn by H.H. Hohenschild, and purchased Lot 4, Block 11, O rigin al Town, as a s it e , On June 29, 1882, Robert mcuaw offered to bu ild the structure fo r $1,297-50. By August 3, the contract was signed. The b u ild in g was to be completed by November 1. _ . . .

The b u ild in g was o f native R olla b r ic k . -Lt was one sto ry in height, c.nd i t s main f lo o r dimensions were 24 x 36 f e e t . A vestib u le, added to the west end

18701s

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measured 10 x 12 f e e t .

C ir cu la r windows were p la ced in north and sou th w a lls o f the v e s t ib u le .

In each w a ll o f the main b u ild in g , th ree d o u b le -sa sh windows were p la c e d .

The b u ild in g fr o n te d t o the w est, fa c in g Pine s t r e e t .

I t was com pleted

by November 9 th , and s c h o o l opened on Monday, December 4th, 1882.

Some _M^sj;e ]_lane_ou s_F in an cial_R ep or ts j_ 18^3-18^0. - The fo llo w in g s ca tte r e d s c h o o l f i n a n c i a l r e p o r ts have some i n t e r e s t : Value ol P rop erty Date_____ R e ce ip ts Expenses Balance D e fic it D is t r ic t R .S ch ool 4 9 ,0 1 8 .8 0 # 9 ,2 7 0 .5 8 .................. #251.73 N ov.18,1873 ................. ) >) n ) ) ) j ) .............

7 382.62 5 ,4 0 0 .7 2 $ 1 ,9 3 1 .9 0 A p r.15,1880 #395,025 ..................

6 ,5 0 2 .9 2 2 ,6 5 7 .6 5 ............. .................. #16,714.80 A p r.12,1883 9 ,1 6 0 .5 7 6 0 .7 6 (Gen.Fund) ........... ...............................

Jan. 17,1884 1 .9 4 5 .1 9 1 ,3 8 4 .4 3 1 , 980.86 261.15 ( B ldg. & I n t e r e s t Fund) .............

D it t o .........

2 , 242.01 3 ,3 5 0 .6 6 745.51 ....................................... #16,7 14.8 0 J a n .15,1885 2 ,7 6 5 .1 5 5. 160.20 4 ,1 5 6 .6 6 J u l.1 7 ,1 8 9 0 1 ,0 0 3 .5 4

,

M ar.28,1878 . . T o ta l s ch o o l r e s o u r ce s , # 3 2 ,6 8 9 .2 2 ...D e b t s , # 4 0,3 50.0 0 June 22,1882 . . C a th o lic S ch ool had 24 p u p ils . Teacher, M iss Agnes Nena M it c h e ll.

____ NEW CARBON ____ CVM 8 /9 /6 9

. . . 1870’ s

- 46 THE STORY OF_ROLLA43J2HURCHBS

^n_fcr_oduc_fcion. — As p a r t o f t h is g e n e r a l s to r y o f "ROnl A " , we have elsew h ere w r it t e n a s p e c i a l and d e t a i l e d n a r r a tiv e about R o l l a ’ s e a r l i e s t ch u rch e s. We t h e r e fo r e p r e s e n t h ere o n ly the b r i e f e s t p o s s i b l e s k e t c h .

As o f 1857, when Phelps County was o rg n iz e d - or as o f 1858, when R o lla was f i r s t named and ch osen as the county sea t - there were no chu rch es a t the " £ l§ n e u c a l l e d R o lla .

However, there had been , s in c e the year IS36, chu rch es o f v a r io u s d en om in ation s i n the a rea su rrou n d in g Rol l - in c lu d in g Dent, C raw ford, erd P u la s k i c o u n t ie s .

Our l i s t o f such ch u rch es ta k es in the P r im itiv e and the M is s io n a r y B a p t is t s - the N orth and South M e th o d is ts - the C h r is t ia n s , or D i s c i p l e s , the C a t h o lic s - the P r e s b y t e r ia n s -t h e E p is c o p a lia n s -and the L utheran s, Dunkards, and S even th Day A d v e n tis ts - a d ozen s o c i e t i e s , l e s s o n e .

E arly. Churche_s_In The_ R o lla A re a . - Some id e a o f the o r ig in s and grow th o f the s e v e r a l den om ination s named above may be sk e tch e d as f o l l o w s : The P r im it iv e £apt_i.3t_s - seem t o have been the f i r s t t o e r e c t a church b u i l d ­ in g w it h in P helps c o u n ty .

This th ey did in 1836, when, le d by R ev. Thomas S n elson and E ld e r David Lenox, th ey b u i l t a l o g s tr u c t u r e n ea r the home o f W illia m Copp ed ge, in t o d a y 's town of Newburg. For many y e a rs t h i s d en om in ation p r o s p e r e d .

But as the y e a rs p a ssed , t h e ir a d h eren ts dim ish ed , o th e r d o c t r i n e s outmoded t h e i r s , and t h e i r v i g o r d e c li n e d , e s p e c i a l l y f o l l o w i n g the C i v i l War. T h e ir members l e f t t o j o i n the more l i b e r a l "M is s io n a r y B a p t i s t s " , such as are in the f o r e f r o n t o f t o d a y ’ s B a p t is t a s s o c i a t i o n .

The one a c t iv e group s t i l l in the R o lla area as we w r it e i s a s m a ll grou p w h ich has an a t t r a c t i v e l i t t l e ch a p e l o p p o s ite the C e n tra l F a ir Grounds, on sou th Highway 63, some two m ile s south of R o l l a .

The ^ i s s i ^ n ^ r y B a£tists_£, t o g e th e r w ith the "F ree W i l l " bran ch , had church b u ild in g s in Smith H ollow , in the extrem e w e s t - c e n t r a l p a rt o f P helps cou n ty, as e a r l y as I85O .

The n oted R ev. J . J . W atts was one o f i t s c h i e f prom oters and preach ­ ers.

But, b e f o r e t h a t , in 1838, the B a p t is t s had a charge and s o c i e t y m eetin gs a t Salem, in Dent c o u n ty .

W hereas, i f you were a P r im itiv e B a p t is t in th ose e a r l y days, and a woman you c o u ld n o t o n ly g e t your f e e t washed - b u t you c o u ld smoke t o b a c c o in a c o r n -c o b p ip e .

These e a r l y M is s io n a r y B a p t is t s a l s o a llo w e d sm oking. But the e a r l y p re a ch ­ e r s , in warming up f o r a th a tch ed a r o o r o u td o o r m eetin g, would o ft e n shed t h e i r c o a t s , open t h e ir s h i r t s at the n eck , r o l l up t h e ir s le e v e s , and th en take a "n ip " from a h ip p o ck e t f l a s k l But they w ere n o t a lo n e in sh o u tin g and waving t h e ir arms.

The M e th o d is ts - p a r t i c u l a r l y th e "Free M e th o d is ts " could do th ose th in g s to p e r fe c t io n .

Tbe_ £North_£ and UBi^utALL M ethiodistsw ere ju s t "M eth od ist E p is c o p a ls " up to 1845, when they p a rte d company b eca u se o f d i f f e r i n g view s on the p o s s e s s io n o f s l a v e s . M e th o d is t c i r c u i t r i d e r s e n te r e d M is s o u r i as e a r l y as 1800, and from then t o 1845 and l a t e r , to u re d the south p a r t o f the S t a t e .

Jacob L annius, perhaps the c h i e f o f th ese c i r c u i t r i d e r s , v i s i t e d the W a y n e s v ille ch arge, e s t a b lis h e d as e a r l y as 183Z,., w ith m eetin g s at the home o f Joseph T urpin .

As o f the year 1845, the M e th o d is ts , o f both b ra n ch e s, p reach ed at Maramec S p r in g .

The South .chu rch had no o r g a n iz e d s o c i e t y th e r e , bu t the N orth branch form ed su ch an O rganized s o c i e t y on Septem ber 13, 1849.

T his p a r t ic u l a r s o c i e t y l a t e r to o k in Rolla. as p a r t o f the R olla-M eram ec c i r c u i t , and becajre the m oth er o f the R o lla "N orth " M eth od ist c h u rch .

The South M e th o d is ts were q u ite a c t i v e around R o lla , even b e fo r e the C i v i l War. They to o k t o c o v e r d u rin g th a t war, then became a c t iv e again t h e r e a ft e r <ana up t o a b o u t 1890, when m ost o f t h e ir members jo in e d up w ith the R o lla N orth Metho­ d i s t c h u rch .

There was a h a lf- h e a r t e d r e v i v a l o f t h is South church in the 19 00’ s, a f t e r w h ich i t ce a s e d t o e x i s t in R o l l a .

There was a l s o , on M i l l Creek, in 1845, a s tr o n g South M e th o d is t c h a r g e .

The o ld church b u ild in g there s t i l l s ta n d s.

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Ihe *= This denom ination had churches in S t. Louis even b e fo r e the U nited S ta tes too over L ou isian a T e r r ito r y , in 1803. C ath olicism came t o the R o lla a rea alon g w ith c o n s tr u c tio n of the F r is c o r a ilr o a d which reached R o lla on December 22, I8 6 0 . Many workmen on the road, lik e the Dunivins the onahoes, the Deegans and o th e rs, were Irishm en. They were predom inantly •of^the^ c a t h o lic f a i t h , and welcomed such preaching an d^services as the S t.L ou is p r ie s t h o o d -c o u ld p r o v id e . With the r a ilr o a d tem p ora rily h a lted in R o lla from 1861 to lrffc;, many oi these workmen s e t t le d in R o lla . In June o f 1862, they had funds s u f i i c i e n t t o e r e c t a cnurch b u ild in g in R o lla — la y in g the corner stone in June, 1®^2. Thenaiev. Father F rancis P a trick G allagher was the f i r s t p a sto r - and under ..him th is R o lla church oecame the mother cf many oth er C ath olic churches in south c e n tr a l M is s o u r i. _ - h r i s t ia n Church ( " D is c ip l e s " ) had m eetings in Phelps county as e a r ly as 1843. Tn 1850 they had s o c i e t i e s in Dixon and S t. Ann, in P ulaski county. In 1855 th e y were m eeting at Lake Spring, on the southern fr in g e s of Phelps County, a p la ce at p resen t a lo n g s id e Highway 72. Among t h e ir p r in c ip a l preachers was Charles Drennon, who li v e d on a farm 1-J m iles south and 3 m iles west o f down-town R o lla .

The_ Tbesbyter_ians_,_Cumberland Bra ch^ around the year 1840, were meeting at Lake S prin g, on t o d a y 's Highway 72, at the Phelps-Dent county l i n e . Two preachers o f th is denom ination - Rev. Curry and the la .yer-fa rm er-p rea ch er Abraham Johnson d e liv e r e d sermons in 1860-61 in the Court House. The Johnson fa m ily, which had a farm, on the Gasconade r iv e r some two m ile s above the Highway 63 b rid g e , had two sons - Abraham and M is c a l. Abraham preached fo r the P resb yteria n s - whereas L liscal was a fe r v e n t proponent of "F ree" Methodism. The R o lla P resbyterian church organ­ iz e d on May 16, 1864 - one o f the f i r s t charges o f th is church in the R olla area.

R °il§ Church, in R o lla , i s f i r s t mentioned, in so fa r as vie know, as of December 30, I869 , when the R t. Rev. Bishop Charles Franklin Robertson held s e r v ic e s in the old M asonic H a ll, 4th and Main s t r e e t s . He was a s s is te d by the Rev. G.K. Dunlap, of Grace Church, E p is co p a l, o f Kirkwood, M isso u ri.

The_ E v a n g e lica l Luj:hgran_Church was organ ized on March 29, 1880, by F red erick Hass and o th e r s . For th ree years they met at the home o f Mr. Hass. Then they la id o f f a cem etery and b u i l t a modest chapel in the Elk P r a ir ie area some 4i' m iles south and 3b m iles e a s t o f down-town R o lla . Down t o the year 1957, when the modern b r ic k church was b u i l t at 10th and Spring Avenue, the s e r v ic e s were m ostly held in th is country church. However, fo r some years b e fo r e 1857, the Lutherans met in a modest b r ic k b u ild in g on Spring Avenue and 11th s t r e e t .

Zhe Dunkards have not been g r e a t ly in v o lv e d in R o lla h is to r y - but we can at l e a s t r e co rd that a group o f fo u rte e n organized a charge w ith in the county in the year 1880. One o f t h e ir te n e ts was the o b lig a t io n cf washing on e-a n oth ers' fe e t.

They a ls o wore lon g beard s, but minus the m oustache.

Finally;,_W e Come_To The Seventh Day Advents,. This denomination, while having a m in o r ity s ta tu s , has e x is t e d in R o lla at le a s t s in ce the year 1871. As o f that y ea r, the re co rd says that P r o f. Nelson A lle n , a mathematics teachers at the S ch ool of Mines, preached f o r the Advents in a ten t e re cte d near the S c h o o l's campus.

Through the y ea rs, the members have been few . In R o lla , the Slawson fa m ily have been the numbers. Dr. and Mrs. B .E .C . Slawson, c lo s e fr ie n d s o f p resen t w r it e r s , were perhaps the most prordLnent o f a l l o f these members. In th e ir day, ard in la t e y e a rs, the church e r e c te d a sm all chapel on the corn er of B ishop Avenue and th s t r e e t . /c o n c lu d e d , The End Of Our I n t r o d u c t io n .-//T it h t h is sketch o f the general development o f church a f f a i r s in the R o lla a r e a / we may now add a few d e t a ils f o r each o f the -seven p r in c ip a l churches o f the fo r e g o in g group o f e lev en , om ittin g fu rtn e r aeoa-LLs f o r the P rim itiv e B a p tis t, Lutheran, Dunkard, and Advent churches - at l e a s t ^ c r the p r e s e n t. We can p ick up the s to r y cf these and the many newer churches in l a t e r s e c t io n s of th is gen eral s to r y .

jt

J

/ ,c m /8 /1 1 /6 9 . . . i

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j

■ D iv e r s it y £f_Ohu£ch B e lie f s ..- These e a r ly church groups were s e r io u s ly in earnest, ^mio. fir.ni in tn e ir p a r t ic u la r set of b e l i e f s .

The most important d iffe r e n c e in b e l i e f s was that between C a th o lics and P ro te s ta n ts .

The C a th olics b e lie v e d in papal c o n t r o l - the P rotesta n ts r e je c t e d i t .

F o r a ll s e c t s , th e ir r e lig i o n meant "rig h teou s l i v i n g — con form ity t o th at s e c t 's moral code — or e x p u lsio n . Preaching d ea lt l a i g e l y w ith heaven or h e l l l i r e " The C a th o lics on one extreme b e lie v e d in one-man c o n t r o l and d i c t a t i o n .

The B a p tis ts and C h ristian s on the other were a l — .most e n t i r e l y fr e e from e x t e r io r a d m in istra tio n . The M ethodists and E p iscop a lia n s were in between, with a corp s o f b ish o p s .

O ften , even in s n a il towns cr v i l l a g5 s, there would be e ig h t or ten d i f f e r ­ ent denom inations - kept apart by in co n s e q u e n tia l d o c t r in a l d is p u te s . On one hand, tine re was the quests, on of m a r ita l sta tu s - the ce le b a cy o f tte C ath olic p r ie s ts and nuns - the r e je c t i o n of women as P ro te sta n t preachers - the requirement that women wear hats during s e r v ic e s .

Some sa id that Saturday was p r o p e r ly the "L o rd 's Day" - others p re fe rre d Sunday. Some adm in istered baptism by immersion, others by sp rin k lin g or pouring.

Some den ied the L o r d 's Supper ( communion) to a l l but church members in good stand­ ing - o th e rs r e q u ire d only th at you were a co n fe sse d C h ristia n . Some read th eir prayers from p r in te d books, others thought extemporaneous prayer b e t t e r . Some b eliev ed th a t p eop le are p red estin ed to l i f e ' s variou s v ic is s it u d e s , others b e lie v e d that th ey are fr e e m oral a g en ts, in large measure c o n t r o llin g th e ir own d e s tin y .

Some b a p tiz e d in fa n ts , others b e lie v e d in in fa n t damnation. Some used form al r it u a l in church s e r v ic e s , others did n o t. Some b e lie v e d in wearing clean shaven fa ce s , with lo n g b ea rd s. Others observed the custom o f fo o t washing.

Whatever you may hare thought, you could have found - and s t i l l can fin d among a l l th ese churches, sone one which w i l l take you in .

The R rotestants b e lie v e d that in d iv id u a ls may commune d i r e c t l y w ith tte Almighty - w ithout the in te r c e s s io n o f tte p r ie s th o o d . You could - and can - take your ch oice 1 . . . and so we come to the s to r y of H o lla 's very f i r s t organized r e lig io u s in s t it u t io n — the R olla C ath olic Church.

THE ROLLA CATHOLIC CHURCH How The. Catholic_Church Hajopened_To Come_To R o lla . - To the R o lla C ath olic Church ( S t. P a t r ic k 's ) goes tte d i s t in c t io n of having e re cte d the very f i r s t church e d i f i c e in R o lla . H ere's how the church g o t sta rte d in R o lla . ...A s e a r ly as 184-5, A rchbishop P eter Kenrick, cf S t. L ou is, confirm ed a large c la s s o f ch ild re n and ad u lts at Maramec Iron Works. For se v e ra l years th e r e a fte r , p r ie s t s from the I r is h settlem en t at Catawissa, a F ris co r a ilr o a d s t a t io n , v is it e d the gen eral R olla area on o c ca s io n — though R olla d id not e x is t u n t il 1858 * ine la s t of these p r ie s t s was F ather Grace, who was in and around R o lla in 1861.

From 1855 to I860, the old Southwest Branch of the P a c ific r a ilr o a d was being b u ilt* fr o m P a c ific to R o lla . Many o f the workmen were I r is h and C a th o lics.

Among them were such fu tu re R o lla re sid e n ts as tte M ichael D u n i.in s, D an iel Deegans, the Murphys and Donahoes. Because tte r a ilr o a d ^ now the F r i s c o ;, v-mich - - reaMn^.

R o lla on December 22, I860, was h a lted here by the outbreak of tte C iv il War, many o f these I r is h fa m ilie s took up resid en ce in R o lla .

There were enough of them to warrant the esta blish m en t o f a C a th o lic church in town - and so these peopte appealed to A rch bishop K enrick to send a p r ie s t to R o lla to lo o k a f t e r th eir s p ir it u a l I t was thus that Rev. F ra n cis Patrick G allagher was appointed, jand became the ch u rch 's founder and f i r s t p a s to r . He a rriv ed in ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ e ^ ^ e a t x o r ^ e m ^ d y January 18 1862, when he b a p tiz e d s ix communicants. Included were ^leanor n-.u up, Margaret Mary Murphy ( the la t e r Mrs. Dan. Donahoe ) , James Andrew Ryan, Richara Hughes, Margaret Flanagan, and M artin Kxng.

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On June 2, 1862, Father G allagher purchased Lot 2, B lock 43, at southeast corn er o f 7th and State s tr e e t s fo r a b u ild in g s i t e , and on Saturday, June 21, la id the c o r n e r stone f o r R o lla 1s f i r s t church e d i f i c e . He c a lle d i t " S t .P a t r i c k 's " church. He served th e church as pastor during the C iv i l War days, 1862-6$, but was a r r e s te d because he refu sed to sig n the Union lo y a lt y oath. Gem W.S. Rosecrans, commandant o f th e M issou ri D i s t r i c t , caused him to be r e le a s e d . t Through the years I865 t o 1879, Fathers F.W. Graham, Thomas J . Moran, and E. \ Smith, in turn, fo llo w e d -father § a lla g h e r . Father Thomas Bonacum, la t e r a Bishop at L in c o ln , Nebraska, served from September, 1879, to May of 1880. Then came Father V P a trick B. O 'L ou gh lin , who served the lo n g e s t term o f any of R o lla * s p r ie s t s 4 from May erf 1880 u n t i l June o f 1918. He was e s p e c i a l l y c lo s e to h is young p a ris h in o rs , and was in t e r e s t e d in a l l thin gs that were good fo r R o lla .

Father John P. Lynch served from dune, 1918 to August, 1921. Father Sidney P. S tock in g p re sid e d from 1921 to November of 1941, when Father Henry J . Lambert took over, se rv in g u n t il January, 1953. During h is p a s to ra te , the b e a u t ifu l Carthage stone church and the c lo s e - b y stone parsonage were b u ilt at State and 14th s t r e e t s .

The P arish s c h o o l was moved from 7th and S tate t o a s ite opp osite the new church.

Father Lambert was a vig orou s person, in te r e s te d in g e n e ra l community a f f a i r s .

F ather G erold J . K aiser served the church from January, 1953, u n t il May o f 1962. Under h is a d m in is tra tio n , the church b u i l t i t s e x c e lle n t p a rish s ch o o l b u ild in g and the a d jo in in g home f o r nuns. The S ch ool had e x is te d from and a ft e r 1873* but was now c o n s id e r a b ly expanded and given both com fortable rooms and good teachers .

F ather Thomas S u lliv a n , the present incumbent, succeeded Father Kaiser in May, 1962. We append a ta b le showing the p a s to r a l terms and incumbents, then end t h is s k e tc h . F urth er d e t a i ls are in clu d ed in our s p e c ia l w rite -u p of R olla * s \ The p a stors were th e s e : churches, in another p a rt of this g e n e ra l s t o r y .

Jan. 1862 to O c t., I865 . . Father F ra n cis P a trick G allagh er.

O c t.,I 8 6 5 to e a r ly 1868 . . Father F.W. Graham. . Father Thomas J. Moran.

E a rly 1868 to May, 1875 . Father E. Smith.

May, 1875 t o S ept. 1879 . Father Thomas Bonacum ( l a t e r B ish o p ,L in co ln , Neb) Sept 1879 t o May, 1880 . Father P a trick B. O 'L ough lin .

May, 1880 to June, 1918 . Father John P. Lynch.

J u n e,1918 to Aug., 1921 . Father Sidney P. S to ck in g .

A u g.,1921 to N ov., 1941 . Father Henry J . Lambert. to Jan., Nov., 1941 1953 . Father Gerold J . K a ise r.

1962 Jan. 1953 to May, . Father Thomas D. S u lliv a n .

May, 1962 to d a te, 1969 THE NORTH METHODIST CHURGH f

The North M ethodist C hurch.- As a lre a d y r e la t e d , the immediate p red ecessor o f the R o lla M eth odist Church was the Rolla-Maramec' c i r c u i t , in charge o f Rev.Stan­ fo rd Ing, who preached in R olla during I8 6 0 . In 1861, Rev. w illia m o e ll e r s took over the c i r c u i t . While l i v i n g in Clay county, and because he was an ardent Union­ i s t , he was covered w ith ta r and fe a th e rs by a v io le n t s e c e s s io n is t group. Because o f t h is , a l l h is h a ir cane ou t.

Rev. F ra n cis S . Beggs a r r iv e d fo r the 1861-62 year, and in 1862 le d a group in o rg a n iz in g an o f f i c i a l "M ethodist S o c ie ty " which in clu d ed sixteen members: Mr. ard Mrs. A lb e rt S . Long . . S ta n ford and Mrs. Ing ard son John . . Mr. and Mrs. John Copeland . . Mrs. Lem Morgan and her mother, Mrs Frank Webster . . jir . and - j ’ s ^ r a z il la Dean and daughter ..M r. and M is. Cbas. P. Walker . . and M essrs. John F. Waits and Henry B ea l.

The Board of 'Trustees in clu d e d S ta n ford and John Ing ..J oh n Waits ..J oh n Gopeland . . and Henry B e a l.

CVM 8 /1 2 /6 9 . . 1870’ s

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On June I262., Mr. and Mrs. E.W. Bishop donated l o t s 1 and 2. Block 34 Bishop^ s A d d itio n , uo tte tr u s te e s fo r a b u ild in g s i t e . But i t was war tim e, so the b u ild in g was n ot s ta rte d u n t i l 1363, when Rev. Robert W itten became p a s to r . With the h elp o f many Union s o ld ie r b oy s, he was able t o com plete the b u ild in g so that i t co u ld be used - but the tower was n ot fin is h e d u n t i l 1886. The old b u ild in g measured some 39 X 53 f e e t , and i t s c o s t was around 3 8 ,00 0.

The p a s te r s who succeeded Rev. W itten are l i s t e d below . We hare elsewhere d escrib ed the "R o lla C o lle g e " which the M eth odists e s ta b lis h e d in 1867 ard operated u n til some time in I 8 6 9 . This church b u ild in g became a popular m eeting place f o r variou s o r g a n iz a tio n s ana groups through the years — in clu d in g e a r ly meetings of the E p isco p a lia n s, th e d e d ic a t io n s e r v ic e s f o r the S ch ool o f Mines in 1871, and as a refuge fo r those who s u ffe r e d l o s s cf homes in the great f i r e of June, 1365.

The o r i g i n a l b u ild in g has been en larged s e v e r a l tim es. A f i r s t time during the p a s to r a te o f Rev. A.D. B a ll, years 1894-98, 'iie n the north w a ll was set toward 9th s t r e e t by twelve f e e t . A second time when, under Rev. Claude S. Hanby, (1915-22) a c h o ir l b f t and pip e organ were in s t a l le d in the south w a ll, and a tw o -sto ry b r ic k Sunday S ch o o l room was added to the west s id e .

The th ir d time, the parsonage b u il£ in 1924 was moved a c r o s s Main s t r e e t to make way fa*, tte modern "sanctu ary" b u ild in g occupying the south h a lf o f B lock 34.

To these a d d itio n s to the church b u ild in g , proper, there hare been added two re sid e n ce b u ild in g s fo r use of tte W esley Founda­ tio n , m aintained fo r the b e n e fit of students o f tte S ch ool c f M ines.

F urther d e t a i l s con cern in g the M eth odist church are contained in our s p e c ia l s e c tio n of th is g en era l s to r y ,w h ic h g iv e s more e la b o ra te s t o r ie s o f tte s e v e r a l churches than we can in clu d e here . There i s a lso a s p e c ia l 60 page s to r y , w ritte n by p re sen t w r it e r s , which g iv e s a f u l l h is t o r y of R olla ’ s M ethodist Church. ...t was p la ced in the corn er stone o f the new church in May, 1956. Copy i s f i l e d in tte R o lla P u blic L ib r a r y . F ollow in g is a l i s t of the s e v e ra l r e s id e n t p a s to rs : 20.

- I .J .K . Lunbeck, 2nd term . . 1887-91 1.

- W illia m S e lle r s .....

1861 21.

- G.T. A s h l e y ......................... 1892-93 2.

- F ra n cis S . Beggs ...... 1862 22.

- A.D. B a ll ............................. 1894-98 3.

- Robert R. M i t t e n .........1863 23.

- H.B. F oster .........................

1899 4.

- S ta n ford Ing .............. 186A 24.

- F ra n c is S . B eggs, 2nd term 19 0 0 -0 5 5.

- A le x . H. F ie ld s .... 1865-66 25.

- Thos. P. S h a ffe r .............. 1906-10 6.

- J.C .H . Hobbs ..........

1867 2 6 .- George Hunt ................................ 1910-13 7.

- John L o u g h r a n .........1867-68 27*- A.M. Dixon ................................

1914 8.

- L .F . Walden .......... 1869-70 9.

- S . J . B o s t r ic k , and 28.

- Claude S. H a n b y ................ 1915-22 10.

- John W. Johnson . . . . 1870-71 2 9 .

Clarence P. M ills ............ 1922-23 11 .- R. R. P ie rce ................ 1871-73 3 0 .

Harry P. H u n t e r ...................... 1923-28 1 2 . - N.B. Cassevant (J y r . ) 1873 3 1 .

— Harry R. Osborne ................... 1928-32 I .J .K . Luhbeck ......... 1874-7$ 13.

3 2 .

Harry P. H unter,2nd term . . 1932-42 14.

- S. H. M0r t l a n d ....

1876 3 3 .

Joseph Fulkerson .............. 1943-44 15.

- J .B . D an iel .......... 1877-78 34.

- Ralph Hicks ......................... 1944-51 16.

- J .B . Lee ................. 1879-80 35.

- W alter N ile s ...................... 1951-57 17.

- J . H a llock ............

1881 36.

- Lee Soxman ........................... 1957-59 18.

- James Pine ............ 1882-83 3 7 .

E lb rid ge W. B a r t l e y ....... 1959-66 19.

- B. F. P oole .......... 1884-86 3 8 . - George W. H eslar, 1966 to d a te, Aug., 1969 and on.

I t i s in t e r e s t in g to compare church membership as between 1862 and 1 9 -9 .^ The o r i g i n a l c h a r te r group numbered s ix t e e n .

The 1969 r o l l l i s t s some mem e r s .

W h e r e a s /in 1862^ B.V? Beggs re ce iv e d a cash sa la ry o f * 1 9 .0 0 , the church budget fo r on ly the ord in a ry expenses i s approxim ately * 50 , 000 . The co st o f tte 1956 new san ctuary p r o je c t was approxim ately 2 5 ? ,0 >j O.

CVM 8/12/69 •• 1 7 - ' ;

- 51 THE SOUTH m th o d u t church

The, South M ethodist C hurch.- We have =4,, aiong w ith the worth b ra n ch ,“ w^re h o ld in g „ ^ S ££ **££*•• as e a r ly as 1849. But as o f th at d ate, and fo r years t •, they had no iza tio n or s t a t io n in the R o lla a rea . However, a number o f Rolla* s e a r lie s t citiz e n s were members. These in clu d ed the s e v e ra l s cio n s of the Edward Downing Williams fa m ily J o l. _Lamuel G. .illia m s o f .. i i l i a m . and wife (nee Sarah - . — ; . .

W illiam s . . James M. W illiam s . . A.M. W illiam s ( o f Baltim ore, « id j^ ..uesdarnes J o in D. (kary Frances) Rogers and M.E. S t i f f o f the Bella a re a . ^This fa m ily group co n s titu te d the nucleus o f tl l y South Metho— d is t Church in^ the R o lla a re a . There were others not named. S .L . fillia m s liv e d on the south sid e o.i. L i t t l e t in ey r iv e r , ju st oelow Newburr. The ston e—w a lled family cem etery i s ju s t to the e a st of the old pioneer home. That area was the pioneer home o f the whole Edward Downing W illiam s fa m ily .

During i8 6 0 , a v i s i t o r from I l l i n o i s , seeking a place o f re sid e n ce , r e je c te d Rolla b eca u se, as ne sa id , the p la ce had " toe many g ro s and gambling joir.L. but had n e ith e r churches or s c h o o ls '.1 The town e d it o r spoke o f the town as a "God­ le s s p la c e " , prom otin g l i t t l e that was good, everyth in g bad. Thereupon, a Mr. Thomas Johnson, who owned "Coleman*s A d d ition " - a t r a c t a d jo in in g to d a y 's "Coleman Cut" on the F r is c o r a ilr o a d ju st west o f R o lla - o ffe r e d t o donate b u ild ­ ing l o t s t o th e South M ethodist Church, p rovided that they would be used fo r a church b u ild in g . Undoubtedly th is would have happened but f o r the outbreak o f the C iv il War - w hich made i t n ecessa ry f o r the "South-minded" people to cease most o f th e ir a c t i v i t i e s .

Some were even placed under m ilit a r y a r r e s t .

A ft e r the war, and through the 1 8 7 0 ’ s, the group again became a c t iv e ; and, follo w in g l i v e l y m eetings at Maramec Iro n .forks, le d by Rev. John E. Godbey, d i s t r i c t su p erin ten d en t o f the Salem con feren ce unit* r e -a c t iv u t e d the R o lla area South M eth od ist grou p . Aided by a high-powered S t. L cuis m in is t e r ia l band, and the prom inent layman Nathan Coleman, Rev. Godbey held numbers of r e v iv a l meetings at the o ld Masonic H a ll, 4th and Main s t r e e t s ,R o lla . In 1875 he o f f i c i a l l y organized t t e R o lla group, which by February, 1376, was endeavoring^to "gather togeth er a c o n g r e g a t io n ."

The l o c a l camp hee tin g s at the old Pair Grounds con­ tinued through 1878, when the Rev. John W, Robinson was the l o c a l p a s to r .

By December, 1881, the church had bought Lot 2, B lock 36 , at southeast corner of 8 th and Main s t r e e t s , and bad plans ready fa r b u ild in g . The Rev. Samuel A. Mason was now the p a s t o r . But by th is me, P r o f. Robert ... Dflgtl it, of tte School ©f Mines, to g e th e r w ith a number of other townsmen, had created a ’Western Conservatory of M u s ic ." I t was agreed th a t the new b r id e church was a su ita b le p la ce for headquarters and m e e tin g of the C onservatory. This armngement, e v e n tu a lly , was the r e a l b e g in n in g o f the South M ethodist Church's dem ise. The CJonscr occupied the b u ild in g f o r o n ly two or three ye^re, u.mn mo iiia m - oe" n to Goettelmann b u ild in g , 5 th and Main s t r e e t s . And the fa m ily 01 .telliam o d o disperse or d ie o u t.

L

L

.

^

_ Nathan Coleman - who had met

RogeS

s

I J u r i e d h er in iViay> 1S77‘ j!6 d ie headed'the ere tion of tte ^had been a m ainstay, and had spear he a 1 S84. Mrs. r e s i g n e d a t the S ch o o l ot Mines in JLpP Dc^em° i ) d ie d W ances Mary V .illia m s, the form er D! W illiam s,

- p t f c s

j

s

b

w

?

Western Conservatory, Nathan Coleman ( nee in March. 1887, and d i . Her r oth er,

the South u e th o d is t group had departed.

CVM 8/12/69 . . 1 8 7 ,'s

Ms l fij

f

- 52 -

Strange as i t seems, th is South Methodist b rick b u ild in g was not fre e from debt — and thus e li g ib l e to be dedicated - u n til the ..lissouri Conference o f the South M ethodist church convened in i t - in Rolla - the four days May 28-31, I885.

The Rev. D. R» M 'Anally, e d ito r o f the C hristian .idvoc' te, preached the dedica­ tion sermon.

For sev era l years the Ro la C hristian Church had been considering ways in which they could e ith e r b u ild , or otherwise acquire a suitable house o f worship.

In 1889 i t became known that the South Methodists desired t o s e l l th e ir bu ilding at 8th and Main. The C hristians decided to buy i t , and therefore closed the deal on A p ril 18, 1889. That, fo r a l l p r a c tic a l purposes, was the end o f South Metho­ d is t a c t i v i t i e s in R olla - although a fe e b le e f f o r t was made by another group during the e a r ly 1900’ s. Most o f the remaining members e ith e r join ed the North Methodist church - as did Prof (Judge) John B. S cott and his wife -f or some other R olla church, j But whatever e ls e the church may have done, i t deserves e v e rla stin g c re d it for~ having nurtured the Western Conservatory of music - fo r the in flu ence o f that in s t it u t io n la ste d many years afterward, both in and out o f R o lla . I ts two most outstanding graduates were the two brothers - Homer S cott, who conducted the Conservatory a f t e r i t l e f t R olla - f i r s t in Carthage, then in Kansas C ity, M issouri, and f i n a l l y in Chicago - and John W. S cott, Wto fo r some s ix ty years was H o lla ’ s "MAN OF MUSIC", doing more than any other person to pro ote good and popular music in R o lla .

The fo llo w in g i s our b est e f f o r t to gather togeth er a l i s t of South m ethodist pastors, and important d a tes: ( when only a single year i s given, that means that the pastor was here at le a s t sane time during that y e a r).

1882- 83 . . . Rev. A.T. Tidwell 1871 ___ Rev. J .S . F raizer 1883- 84 . . . The same Rev. W.M. W illiam s 1872 1884- 85 . . . Rev. S.D. Rogers 1875 ___ Rev. S.A. Dyson ( SD or FA or AH ?)

1875 ----- CHURCH FORMALLY ORGANIZED 1885 (May 3 1 ) . .CHURCH DEDICATED

By Rev J.G odbey,Pres. Aider 188586 . . .

Rev. J.R. Ledbetter 1876 ____ Rev. John Williams 188687 . . .

Rev. J.M. England (Died in o f f i c e ) 1837-88 . . .

Rev. M.A. Clayton 1876- 77 •Rev. John W. Robinson 188839 . . .

No residen t pastor 1877- 78 . The same 1889 (A pr.18) C H U R C H IS SOID 1878- 79 . Re v . J .VI. J ohn s on To Christian Church 1879- 80 . Rev. H. F ull 18891892 .

N O PASTOR. Church is 1880- 81 . Rev. J.H. Dennis • dispersed.

1881-82 . Rev. Samuel A. Mason

CVM 8/19/69 . . 1870's

- 53 THE ROLLA PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH

^The H olla Presbyterian_Church. - As e a rly as the year 1860, Presbyterian d octrin es were expounded at the Phelps County court house by Abraham Johnson, a farmer, lawyer, and Cumberland P resbyterian. He was a s cio n o f the pioneer fam­ ily Johnson, of Maries county. Their farm home was on the Gasconade r iv e r , some two m iles above to d a y 's Highway 63 b rid g e . Abraham was a Presbyterian, but his younger b roth er, M iscal, was a ferven t adherent o f the shouting "Free M ethodists11, But ror the outbreak o f the C iv il .‘Jar, the Presbyterians might have organ­ ized in R o lla soon a ft e r Rev. Johnson preached. Howbeit, on Sunday morning, May 15j I864, in the midst ox the raging war and i t s campaign in volving R olla , the Rev. A»T. Norton, o f A lton , I l l i n o i s , preached to a group o f twelve P resbyterians. At the c lo s e o f h is sermon, the group organized as the R olla Presbyterian Church. The charter members were these: The Messrs. Theophilus D. G r iffith ,-W illia n H. Hazzard Hdnry Robineau - A lfre d R. Prater - and Daniel R. Parsons, R o lla 's f i r s t mayor.

The Mesdames M.E. Faulkner — E.B. Lamb — G.E. Mountforte — ana E lija h ( Amelia P .)

Perry. The M isses Martha F. Guy - Mary P. Guy - and Levina E. Hazzard. ...O f these, Mrs, Margaret E lla (Guy) Faulkner was the wife o f R o lla 's great tow n-builder, Robert P* Faulkner.

The P resbyterians form ally incorporated on January 10, 1868. The corpora­ tors included C ircu it Judge W illiam G. Pomeroy - Alexander Demuth - P ro f. Simeon W. P h illip s - T.Q. Emerson - Henry Beal - 3 .4 . Harding - Andrew Malcolm - M ilton Santee - Jeremiah S. French - C.H. Hamill - G ranville a lie n - and the Messrs.

Werth and Clark. Here was a key group o f R o lla 's foremost "tow n bu ilders".

In September, 1868, the church tru stees purchased the l o t at the immediate northeast corner o f 6th and Olive s tre e ts ( Lot 7, Blk. 64 ), and on i t b u ilt a wood framed e d i f ic e measuring 32 x 54 fe e t , costin g approximately 44,000. Mr. George B onnell was both a r c h ite c t and bu ild in g co n tra cto r. The Rev. A.T. Norton, who had f i r s t organized the group, together with Rev. J. Addison Whittaker from J efferson C ity, dedicated the bu ild in g on Sunday, May 30, 1869. The b u ild in g, with la t e r a d d itio n s, s t i l l stands as this s to r y is w ritten , 1. M. As was customary in other R olla churches, the Presbyterians, through the e a rly years, sponsored or staged various events such as s p e c ia l con certs, s p e llin g bees, strawberry f e s t iv a ls , and so fo r t h . The la te r additions to the o r ig in a l church were made in 1931 and 1941- The la s t ad dition was a room added to the north s id e , which measured some 18 x 65 fe e t , and cost some 1, In 1961, the church decided to s e l l the old church and remove to a land tra ct ju s t to the e a s t o f 10th and Holloway s tr e e ts — a part o_ tne former George Holloway —W illiam s farm. Here they b u ilt a handsome, co imodious, modern styled sanctuary, with ad join in g chapel and general adm inistrative o fx ice s ana Sunaay School rooms. The plant c o s t sane 4393,000. The new bu ild in g was dedicated on Sunday A p ril 28th, 1963, as part o f the observance o f the hundredth anniversary o f the’ o r ig in a l founding o f the s o c ie ty . From the ^original group of twelve members o f 1864, tte church membership in 1969 numbers _74_----------- • The l i s t o f P resbyterian pastors down to date fo llo w s : Term M inister Term The Minis t e r Mar.'0 7 - Sep. '09 3 . a .

Caldwell . . . .

May to N ov., 1865 14.

1. W illis t o n Jones Apr.'1 0 - Mar. ' l l J. Watson Mays . . . ' 66 Jan. 15.

N o v .'65 2. S. B. Shaw ........

Liar.

'12 - Sep. '15 G.P. Keeling ........

16.

'66 Sep. Jan. 3. H.T. Perry . . . . .

- May '18 S e p .'15 Chas.

F. Wilson ..

Feb. *67 17.

Sep. 4. Philander Read Oct. '68 18. A lbert R. Fiske .. N ov.'19 - Jan. '21 5. W.L. Clark ............. J u ly '67 July '69 19. G.P. Keeling ........ June'21 - Apr. '22 6. T .T .W in g ...................

Apr•169 Sep. '72 20. E.W. Behner .......... O c t .'22 - Nov. '24 7. Andrew Luce ............. J u ly '69 Apr. '78 21. Wm. L. Earl .......... S e p .*25 - Sep. ■26 8. J.Addison W hittaker J u ly '73 Sep. '79 22. Chas. W. Estes . . . S e p .'26 - oG]p • '30 9. Dr. R.B. Bement . . . May '79 June '01 23. Dow G. Pinkston . . J a n .'31 - Sep. •41 10. J.A.Annin ............... June'80 - June'Ol O ct.'4 1 - Sep. '45 11. James V a llie r . . . .

June'01 - May ay '03 24- Frank L. Rearick . O c t.«45 — May '69 G .Scott Porter . . .

12. W/ / / / Hayes Topping June'03 - Aug. Aug. '03 25.

Jan. '07 26. ,/ rre n H. Rutledge s s p . '69 - date 13. J.H. Alexander . . . S e p .'0 3

cm 8 /19 /6 9

1870's

_ K4 THE ROLLA CHRISTIAN CHURCH

?h a iioLLa ^ a r is t ia ^ Churdi^-. Charles and Harvey Drennon, togeth er with negress named^ -*unt Fanny Drennon" are the f i r s t known members o f the C hristie tan. or D is c ip le s church o.c R o lla .

C harles, as e a r ly as 1849, was one o f the two or three p r i n c i p a l p reachers o f th is denom ination, having th at year conducted nee tin g s P j # ® Sf - m g , OJ? to d a y 's Route 72 , ju s t south of the south Phelps coun ty b o u n d ^ y .

U 1865, he was l i v i n g on a farm in S e ctio n 10 , T .3 7 -8 , ju st w est of R o lla . His b roth er, Harvey, l i v e d in S e c tio n 17, net fa r from the old Bridge Sch oolhouse, a place where they conducted e a r lie s t , m eetings in the R o lla area.

As e a r ly as 1873 , members o f this church were planning a church e d i f i c e in Rolla, and b y J u ly had secured $500 in s u b s c r ip tio n s . In November and December o f that year, -elders 4 . Henderson and James . . Tennison preached at the Court House.

In June, 1877, Or. E. P. Belshe and w ife a rriv e d from I l l i n o i s , and f o r the next two y ea rs D r. Belshe appears to have served as p a s to r .

On October 25. 1377, the s o c i e t y bought the o ld masonic H all from the R olla Masonic modge, payin g *>400 f o r i t .

This was < . ood framed b u ild in g , measuring 20 x 50 fdet in f l o o r ^plan,^ two s to r y s in h e ig h t. I t stood - and s t i l l stands - on Lot 8 o f Block 3 , O r ig in a l Town, at n ortheast corner c f 4 th and Main s t r e e t s .

Tte C h ristian s re-named the b u ild in g , c a l l i n g i t the "C h ristia n C hapel". From 1877 they shared i t s use w ith sev era l other churches, in c lu d in g the South L e th o d ists and the E p is c o p a l!

T h is, as a l l churches o f the denom ination, had p r a c t i c a l l y no government by any g e n e ra l church a d m in istra tiv e body. I t s su cce ssio n of p a stors was fo r many years q u ite ir r e g u la r - and f o r tte most p art the s e r v ic e s were conducted, in t e r ­ m itte n tly , by members c a lle d " E ld e r s ".

This was e s p e c ia lly true dram t o tte year 1882, when P rof. J . M. M orris, a teach er cf p h y sics at the S ch ool of Mines, was d is ­ missed and h is department at the S ch ool a b o lish e d .

Thus i t was that the C h ristia n s, wanting to " c a l l " some p reach er, chose Ppof. M o rr is . U n til th en , the group had hot been fo r m a lly organized, but in 1883 the twenty members d e cid e d to do s o .I n t h i s move, they were le d by E lder J .R . Lucas.

Two executive o f f i c e r s were chosen - P r o f. J.H. M orris and layman A.M. M illa rd , a leading town m erchant.

As e a r ly as O ctober, 188 5 , the church con sid ered the b u ild in g c f a new e d i f i c e , and tie abandonment o f the Masonic H a ll as a meeting p la c e . But when the South M eth od ists d e cid ed t o s e l l th e ir b r ic k b u ild in g at 8 th and Main s t r e e t s , the Christians, wanting that p ro p e rty , fo rm a lly in co rp o ra te d on February 7, 1889. The corporate o f f i c e r s then chosen were th e s e : Dr. Thomas J . Jones, p re sid e n t — u.R. M illa rd , s e c r e t a r y .

The tru s te e s were Dr. Jones - O.R. M illa rd - E.M. M illa rd Henry Dean - and D.D. Lamar. The tr a n s fe r from the South M ethodists t o the C hristians was made by deed dated A p r il 18, 1889.

From 1889 down to 1907, the church program appears to have been a continua­ tion o f the in term itten t sermons by various E lders, plus a regular Sunday School and other e x e r c is e s and events such as Christmas programs, cnurch s o c ia ls , e t j . u-1907 on, the pastors were re g u la rly " c a lle d " and in s ta lle d .

As thus arranged, the church program continued down to Decemoer -J, l y l 7, when an e a r ly Sunday morning f i r e t o t a lly destroyed the former South Lietnodist b u ild in g at southeast corner cf 8th and Main streets ( on Lot 2, Blk. 3c ;, together with th e former G errish Wagon Shop huD fa c to r y ( la t e r used fo r a mens' dorm itory ane ca lle d "P overty F la ts ") which was being used by Dr. Martha S h ort-brigh t fo r o f u c e and c l i n i c . Unabie tQ re_b u ild at once, the church found temporary quarters on the second flo o r o f tte Pythian C astle, southeast corner of 7th and R olla streets - and a lso in tte R olla High School auditorium, on east side ox Cedar, between 8th and 9th s tr e e ts .

T second b u ild in g was erected on the same lo t in 1 9 2 _ , under pastorate o f Rev. Ira G. Williams "- but that also burned on Sunday, -a r c h 4th, 1923- This tine headquarters were moved t o the old B ap tist b r ic k bu ild in g, b u ilt in 1894 at southeast corner of 7th and O live s t r e e t s .

CVM

8/19/69

//

1870'

- 55 -

construction ^ E * * < » » > church e d ific e - „as under basenent had been completed 3rd * s e r v ic e " w ■> ■ e during 191,. By August the be secured t o complete tte S te' 2 dhere until funds ° « M January 3rd, 1951. A f i n e e d u c a t io n a l a d d it io n , . ^ h u m l ^ e S ! t e l f S o u l th new sanctuary, and co m p le te d d u r in g A p r i l , 1963. ......... t e ly sou n 01 th e Our l i s t o f church pastors fo r th is church i s much too incomplete - even my contain in a ccu ra cie s - but the church's own records do not suoply mote c o u p l i n g ths incumbents p r io r to the year 1907. Here is the l i s t »e have been abte t o a s s S e : Group One. E arly M inisters Elder Chas. Drennon e t a l . P ro tra cte d Rev. E.W. James, o f Jt.Jam es. Preached m eetings at B ridge S ch oolh ou se.

Jan. 3, 1889, and s e v e ra l other Aug., 1877* As e a r ly as 1365. tim es.

Elder James M. T ennison. J u ly , 1873E lder Cowan. P ro tra cte d m eetings.

Jan. 7, 1875.

Mar. 27, 1834.

Elder Harvey Dr ennon. A p r.20, 1876 E lder R obt. Turner. Jan. 2 and June Elder J .J . Lane. P r o tr a c te d m eetings, 26 , 18 9 0 .

June 5, 1879 E lder John D illo n . Feb. 5, 1891 Dr. E .P . B e ls h e . June 2 8 ,1 8 7 7 -0 c t .l4 ,1 8 8 0 E lder John Giddens. Preached.

Prof. J.M? M o r r is . Mar.2 2 ,1883-May 22 , 1 8 8 4 .

Jan. 3, 1889.

Elder J a s. M. E ennison. June 26 -N o v . 20 , 1884 D. D. Lamar (Trustee or/and p a s to r'.?)

Elder Houston H. F e r r e l l . A ug. 8 - Sept.

Feb. 7, 1339 E lder .ra tson . .re a ch e d , O c t.26, 1891 25-26, 1889.

E ld er W.J. F ro st. Preached Jan.16-17, Elder B ax ter. P r o tr a c te d m eetings, D e c ., 1883.

1892.

Prof. J.M. M o r r is . P reached. S e p t .20,1892.

Early-Jviini^sterDS^ _Group_Two. (N ote: Church records mention these, but give no dates ) .

Dr. John C. Glover J Louis Moneymaker James C. Glover R. B. Havener H. D. R utter Llder Speck Mr. _• Frame Group Three._ Dated Pastorates R. C. A bram ............. 1907 . . 1910 Ivan K in n e y ............. 1910 ..

C.E. N ich ols ........... 1911 . . 1912 R.H. Love ................. 1913 . . 1914 E.M. Romine ............. 1915 •• J. Ross M ille r . . . . 1916 . . 1921 I r a G. W illiam s . . . 1921 . . 1923 Tom Ashton ............... 1923 •• R . L. Morton ...... ... 1923 •• 1924 A.W. Craig ............... 1925 . • 1926 S . D. Harlan .......... 1927 •• 1929 E .P . G a b r i e l ........... 1929 . . 1939 LeRoy Munyon ........... 1939 •• 1941 Arthur P o ll ............. 1941 •• 1945 T. Pow ell Sharp . . . 1 9 4 5 -..,1 9 4 7 Grant Cowan . . . . . . .

1947 •• 1950 Neal M. L o v e ll .... 1950 •• 1955 Chas. A. Willbanks . . May,1955 to Aug., 1965 Henry B. P ratt . . .

Peb., lyoo .o

CVM 8/20/69

1870‘ s

- 56 THE ROLLA FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH

, . f e 31 B a p tis t C hurch.- P rin ted re co rd s conce ■nine t h is church state^that i t was orga n ized at a m eeting held on February 27 1870 in th~- old Masonic H a ll 4 th and Main s t r e e t s , w hich the C h ristia n Church / / / purchased fran the Masonic edge in 1877. The seven ch a rter members were th e s e : W.W. Watkins and w ife Martha . . W esley M. Smith and w ife Lucy . . . George H. Hume, a c i t y c o u n c il­ man, la t e r c i r c u i t c le r k ..M rs . John G. ( J u lia ) Hutcheson, w ife o f the lon g -tim e , 6®unty c o u r t p r e s id in g ju d ge, and Miss Mary A lle n . The Revs. R ice and Rutledge o ffic ia t e d at th e m eetin g.

Rev. Rutledge served as p a sto r u n t i l June of 1870, when the Rev. C.C. 'Tipton came to R o lla from T enessee. He served u n t il h is death on September 5 th, 1872 when Rev. Joseph Walker took h is ^ p la c e . Walker served as p astor u n t il 1879. I t was during h^s pastorate th a t the B a p tist Church became fir m ly fix e d in R o lla h is t o r y .

As o f O ctober 1 2 , 1874 , th is co n g re g a tio n had held i t s m eetings in the old Masonic H a ll. But now, plans had been drawn f o r a new e d i f i c e at the southeast corner 01 7sh and O live s t r e e t s , on l o t s 3 and 6 , b lo c k 64 , County a d d itio n . Mr. J. B. S a w h ill, a r c h it e c t and g en era l c o n t r a c t o r , drew the plans and proceeded to construct th e b u ild in g . Jork sta rte d on O ctober 12, and tte b u ild in g was compl ted and d e d ica te d on O ctober 17, 1875. The f l o o r plan measured 3 3 j x 61 f e e t . The in te rio r c e i l i n g ro s e 20 f e e t from th e f l o o r . But the ste e p le 'w a s tte outstanding feature - r i s i n g 90 f e e t from ground l e v e l . The c o s t was approxim etaly v 5 ,000.

The church s u ffe r e d a t e r r i f i c se t-b a ck when t h is splendid e d i f i c e ( far Rolla ) was co m p le te ly d e stro y e d by f i r e on October 10, 1893* The f i r e was thought to have been th e work o f a r s o n is t s . Undaunted, the church im m ediately planned a new s tr u c tu r e p b u i l t o f b r i c k . But in the in te rim , s e r v ic e s were held in the county court house. In due time the new b r ic k b u ild in g was co lp le te d and d ed ic. te A sid e from i t s p u re ly r e lig io u s s e r v ic e t h is church was unu u- M y a ctiv e in s o c i a l and m u sica l e v e n ts . I t sponsored l i v e l y s p e llin g matches - and church con certs. One such m u sical event i s o f s p e c ia l concern in t h is s t o r y , f o r out o f i t was born H o lla ’ s "Western Conservatory of .m s i c " .

T his even t was a combined s o c i a l and m u sical program, held in the old R olla Woolen M ill b u ild in g , on the n orth sid e of 7 th s t r e e t midway from the F r is c o railroa d to O liv e s t r e e t . I t had been abandoned as a w ool fa c t o r y , and had been re-named "Cam pbell H a ll" .

I t was Tuesday, May 2 , 1882 , at Campbell H a ll. U p sta irs, the young members ;®f the chu rch, with o th e rs, staged a s e r i e s o f ta b lea u x and m u sical numbers, w hile the adult members served ard en joyed stra w b erries and cream witn cake, d ow n sta irs.

As part o f the upper chamber program, th ree la d ie s e n te rta in e d with songs, piano solos and d u ets, and r e c i t a t i o n s . Foremost in the group was Mrs. '... Jacobs, who possessed a most e x c e lle n t v o ic e . Her s i s t e r , miss u-eorgia *.ond, ■ t at the p ia n o. Both were daughters o f the B a p tist p a s to r, Rev, W. ? . cond. We coula be mistaken, but vie th in k i t i s p o s s ib le th a t the f i r s t named la d y may cavc.^ ijeen the la te r renowned C arrie Jacobs Bond. ...T h e th ird lady was^Miss Uena iM tchM .1., dauditer o f Gen. Ewing 1 . M it c h e ll. She e x c e lle d in r e c i t a t i o n . ^ Among others p re se n t and lis t e n i n g t o the music were two members o f the School c f Mines f a c u lt y - P r o fe s s o r s Georg; D. Emerson and Robert .. uouthnt. .... were d eep ly Lnpressed - n o t o n ly by the m usic - but a ls o by the in ten se in t e r e s t t.fc young f o l k s d is p la y e d 'in the music thus rendered by the two s is tore.. ^ the end of the program, the two p r o fe s s o r s exchanged view s, and agreed that R o llc should ha kino a a 's p e c i a l m L ic s c h o o l - or " o b s e r v a t o r y " - in wheoh t o young fo lk s could r e ce iv e m u sica l in s t r u c t io n and e d u ca tio n 01 c l a s s i c n a tu re. They would sta rt such an i n s t i t u t i o n I i .....

A c c o r d in g ly , the next morning th ey walked R o lla s s t r e e ts ^ o ^ 1^ lle n ecessa ry f i n a n c i a l supprt . They g o t i t , and p r e s e n tly had created the "Western

CVM '8 /2 0 /6 9

1 8 7 0 's

- 57 -

C onservatory ° f M u sic” But WHERE would i t s headquarters be ?? . . In th is matter P r o f*. u a t to a ,-t h e le a d . He had been a prime mover in the South M eth od ists' campaign to buxld the modest b r ic k church chapel at southeast corn er o f 8 th and Main s t r e e t s , xt was s r .iU u n pla stered - but i t COULD be that p la c e . Being a member and o f u c e r o f the South Church, he gathered togeth er the other church o f f i c e r s , and a number o f prominent townsmen, and arranged f o r the C onservatory to open headquarters in the new church b u ild in g . I t so operated fo r the next two years, af ter -which i t moved to the o ld George Goettelmann b r ic k tw o -s to r y b u ild in y at northw est corn er o f 5 th and Main s t r e e t s . . . . We have elsewhere in t h is s to r y re la te d th e s t o r y o f t h i s Conservatory, so take leave o f i t fo r the p re se n t.

The church events o f the next f i f t y years are not e s p e c ia lly re le v a n t in th is s h o r t sk etch .

The church program was m ostly ro u tin e u n t il the United States became in v o lv e d in <<orld War Two, in 1941-42, and R o lla experienced a g re a t expan­ sion o f p o p u la tio n , due to the co n s tr u c tio n of Port Leonard Wood nearby. In order to meet t h is c o n d it io n , the church in A p r il, 1942, having so ld the old b r ic k e d i f i c e co n s tr u cte d in 1894, planned and b u i l t a new and commodious b rick structu re at the northw est corn er o f 7th and Cedar s t r e e t s .

This b u ild in g s t i l l (1969) serves as the main church sa n ctu a ry .

The old b r ic k b u ild in g , e re cte d in 1894, was com­ p le t e l y d estroy e d b y f i r e the evening of December 20, 1952.

In 1954, the church purchased the form er tw o -s to ry b r ic k resid en ce and the en tire b lo c k bounded by 8 th and 9th , Oliva and Cedar s t r e e t s f o r the co n s tr u ctio n o f an e d u ca tio n a l and a d m in istra tiv e church "com plex". The house had been the home o f the g re a t R o lla tow nbuilder, Joseph Campbell. I t was wrecked to make room f o r the new b u ild in g s . A f i r s t u n it was an e d u ca tio n a l and admini t r a t iv e wing measuring 50 x 1 3 0 .2 f e e t , b u i l t a lon g sid e the south lin e of 9th s t r e e t . A second such u n it , com pleted on February 4, 1962, measures 50 x 120.5 f e e t . I t fla n k s the east lin e o f O liv e s t r e e t .

The u ltim a te plan in c lu d e s a sim ila r u n it - planned as the main church sa n ctu a ry - fla n k in g the north lin e of 8 th s t r e e t , The completed complex would thus be in th e shape o f a c a p it a l l e t t e r "U", with the open side fa cin g Cedar s t r e e t .

The t o t a l c o s t of c o n s tr u c tio n o f the th re e -u n it "com plex" so f a r b u i l t has been $ 262 , 2 4 9 . 0 0 .

As f c r membership, tte o r ig in a l membership r o l l o f seven ch a rte r members has in c re a s e d from 7 in 1870 to 350 in 1891 and 630 in 1946. The 1969 r o l l i s ____ member s .

The fo llo w in g i s a l i s t o f the church p a sto rs from 1870 to d a te : • ) * • •• A.E. B olster Rev. Rutledge . . Feb. 1870 - June, 1870 * • •* — 1903 Geo. W. Smith •) C.C. Tipton . . . . J u n e,1870 - 3 e p ., 1872 — 1905 E. M. Owing •) 1904 Joseph 'Walker ..J u n e , 1872 - . . . . , 1 7, — . . . . , 1906 • * • * G. 3. Daugherty H. J . Chandler .N o v ., 1880 — O c t., 1 1 - ------- , 1911 J. M. Daniels 9 7 1906 W. P. Bond ___ M ar., 1882 - F eb ., 1883 . . . . , 1913 1911 J .

S. A llen .

9) W. A. G iboney . June, 1883 - Ju ly, 1885 . . . . , 1915 1913 G. G. Riggan *) Jas. M. McGuire S e p ., 1885 - June, l : o o ___ , 1918 1916 A. B. Carson •} W. W. C arter . . N ov., 1886 - N ov., 1387 . . . . , 1922 1918 J. A. Morse .

•) J . Wo S w ift . . . D e c., 1887 — Aug., 1- - ) 1922 . . . . , 1924 James Barnes •) R. N. G o u g h ................. ....... - N° v ., 1S9° . . . . , 1933 1924 B. V. Bolton •) W. H. M a y fie ld . N ov., 1890 - May , 1892 . . . . , 1941 1934 J. W. J e ffr ie s •) Georgs Maness . N ov., 1892 - . . . . , 1894 1942 - ------- , 1943 A lvin J .

Lee . .

• ) . . , 1895 S. A. Smith ...........

— Jul. 1,1957 1943 J. V. C a rlisle . . , 1896 Geo. Cr eekm ore. . .

1957 - J u l., 1962 Jas. W. Hackney •) . . , 1897 ( No p a s to r ) . •• . .

Apr., 1963 To date Kenneth W Davidson

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THE ROLLA EPISCOPAL CHURCH Tne_ ^i°_la. Episc_oge.l ^hurch.- ( Otherwise ca lled "C hrist Church" ) . From 1369 u n t il 1949, th is church existed in R o lla as a s p e c ia l "m ission" u n it. As e a rly as December 30, I069, s e rv ice s were held in the old Masonic Hall, 4th and Lain s tre e ts, R olla , by the R t. Rev. Bishop Charles F. Robertson, assisted by Rev. G. A. Dunlap, pastor o f Grace Church, Kirkwood, M issouri.

From 1869 up to 1886, Bishop Robertson continued to v is i t R olla and hold s e r v ic e s . He was then succeeded by Bishop Daniel S. T u ttle. As samples of such v i s i t s , on October 13, 1873, Bishop Robertson conducted E piscopal serv ices in the Bella M ethodist church, and on October 23, 1881, in the old Masonic Hall - or "C hrist­ ian Chapel" as i t was then re-named. Rev. Dunlap frequ en tly v is ite d and preached in R o lla . On occa.sions, he conducted three-day meetings - one such as of October 1 9 -2 1 ,/ a t 'the P resbyterian Church, and another the week cf June 16, 1875 at the Methodist Shurch.

From the beginnings, the la d ie s o f this church were very a c t iv e . In January of 1871 they held a f e s t i v a l in the old two-compartment lo g Grant Hotel at 8th and Pine s tr e e t s , in an i n i t i a l e f f o r t to launch a drive for a church bu ild in g ibnd.

And as of O ctober, 1873, there were enough m usical Episcopalians to enable them to stage a church con ce rt"a t the Phelps Countj* Court House."

Great emphasis on the church-building p r o je c t resu lted when Dr. Charles P. W illian s and his superfine w ife ( n e e Annie Carter Sharpies ) arrived in September, 1871. He was the f i r s t D irector of M issouri School o f Mines. They were both Epis­ co p a lia n s. Mrs. W illiam s at once became h igh ly into-.' fc i in Roll 1 sultnr fa ir s , and many times had groups of young g ir ls come to her home, where she implanted in them her ideas of gen tlen ess, refinement and true womanhood. One of these g ir ls , Miss L ola Shaw, p erson a lly rela ted these things to present w rite rs . Among other things, she said that, when - r . .. ' lia n s attended se rv ice s at the old Masonic H all, dressed in a fin e s ilk dress - she did not h esita te to kneel on the n o t-to o -c le a n f l o o r when prayer was o ffe r e d . She was one of K olia ' 3 most devout, consecr ited, .11 _ovcd Christian c h a ra cte rs .

In August o f 1873, Dr. W illiams spearheaded a drive f o r the church b u ild in g fund which netted 4800. However, tie p r o je c t had to await the coming o f Dr. W illiams1 successor - Dr. Charles E. Wait - in 1877, who a c t iv e ly assumed the leadersh ip. Ly November, 1882, Dr. Wait had prepared the plans and had brought about the constru ction of a neat l i t t l e wood framed chapel which measured 19 x 40 fe e t in floe, dimensions.

This was completed on A p r il 6, 1882, and dedicated by Bishop Robertson on Sunday, November 12, 1882. Fiev. F. B. Scheeta and Rev. W illiam Johnson a s s is te d . I t was on th is occa sion th a t these men named the church "C hrist Church".

On t h is d e d ic a tio n occa sion , Bishop Robertson "confirmed" the Mesdames H.M. Shaw and (D r.) C.E. Cauffman - the Misses Katie Shaw, jainnie Orchard, and E li/,a Short - Mr. W illiam Chewning - and Master Walter Johnson. I t was announced that from this d a te , regu la r s e rv ice s would be conducted every Friday, and a lso on each second and fo u r th Sunday, both morning and evening.

The la d ie s continued to work fo r increased b u ild in g fhnds. In February, 1887, they staged a 10 c e n t candy p u ll at the Grant H otel. The candy was gone long before late comers a r r iv e d , and a church f a ir they held in the old Goettelmann-Conservatory bu ild in g was so crowded that la te comers held to stand. That netted them 6100.

From 1877 up to date o f his death, November 12, 1892, Rev. William Johnson was the h ig h ly beloved church r e c t o r . His son, Dr. R.L. Johnson - one of R olla*s most capable and resp ected d octors - conducted an E piscop 1 Sunday School in the old Masonic H all on Sunday afternoon s, ana p rio r to e re ctio n of the new church bu ild in g.

pj I CVM '.8 /2 0 /6 9

1870‘ s

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S k ipp in g over t e many in t e r e s t in g events from 1882 up to the year 1925, ■when Rev. H.N. T r a g itt was r e c t o r , we record that in th at year the church b u ilt a commodious wood-fram ed P a rish House. In f l o o r plan, i t measured 30 x 60 f e e t , and was two s t o r y . I t had an a d d itio n measuring 15 x 30 f e e t , which p rovided a d m in istra tiv e o f f i c e and c h o ir rooms. This stru ctu re became not o n ly a church s o c i a l ce n te r, b u t a l s o served fo r many o u tsid e and g en era l R o lla banquets and m eetings.

In the new b u ild in g program o f 1950, i t was covered w ith a b r ic k e x t e r io r matching the b r ic k o f the new sanctuary. u rin g the years from September, 1931, to I960, Rev. Oral V ir g il Jackson served as h e c t o r . He was not on ly a most popular and e f f e c t i v e head o f the church he was a t i r e l e s s worker f o r a l l th in gs good f o r R o lla . He was e s p e c ia lly a ctiv e in prom oting the campaign and the plans which brought the Phelps County Memorial Hos­ p i t a l a t R o lla in t o e x is t e n c e during 1949-50. Of a l l the church m in iste rs ever in R o lla , R e w y " , as he was a f f e c t i o n a t e l y c a lle d , surpassed them a l l by a great margin f o r thus prom oting p u b lic works and community w e lfa r e .

On or about May 1, 1949, the church was fo rm a lly in co rp o ra te d under St law, w ith the t i t l e o f "The R e cto r, Wardens, and V estry o f C h rist Church, E p isco­ p a l '. R olla * s in c r e a s in g p o p u la tio n , and the r is in g S ch ool o f mines student enrollm en t, made i t mandatory to e n la rg e the church p la n t. This req u ired a b u ild in g fund o f $100,000. H a lf o f i t , $ 5 0,0 00 , was the g i f t o f Mr* W illiam Jame3 Rucker, grandson o f W illiam James, fo rm e rly o f Maramec Iro n Works, ter. Raymond M a ritz, a r c h it e c t , o f S t. L ou is, prepared the p la n s.

On J u ly 15, 1949, the Robert Paulus Co s t r u c tio n C o., c f S t. L ou is, signed the c o n s tr u c t io n c o n t r a c t . Mr. Dave Turner came as c o n s tr u c tio n su p erin ten den t.

Dr. C.V.Mann, one o f the p resen t w r ite r s , la.id out a l l lin e s and grades f o r the b u ild in g , and su p ervised c o n s tr u c tio n on b e h a lf o f the a r c h i t e c t .

T^e b u ild in g was o f b r ic k , w ith f l o o r plan in the form o f a cro s s which occu pied a space m easuring 47 x 74 f e e t , lo n g dim ension n o rth -s o u th . The tran sept, at n orth end, measured 45 fe e t e a st-w e st, 26 fe e t n o rth -s o u th . The nave was 32 fe e t vd.de e a s t-w e s t, 44 fe e t lo n g n o rth -s o u th . The v e s t ib u le , beneath the tower, meas­ uring 11 x 20 f e e t in f l o o r dim ension, was added to sout end o f the nave. The new s tr u c tu r e , to g e th e r w ith the b rick -e n ca se d P arish House, was d ed icated by the R t.

Rev. B ishop A rthur C. L ich te n b e rg er on June 1 4, 1956.

In a d d it io n to the fo r e g o in g , the church acqu ired the handsome b r ic k r e s i ­ dence b u i l t b y the la t e P r o f, and Mrs. C.R. F orbes, a t sou th east co rn e r o f 9th and S ta te s t r e e t s . I t i s c a lle d the "H a rriet Coleman Memorial R e cto ry ". A lso, in the y ea rs 1^ 64 - 66 , the church dem olished the old tw o -s t c r y wood framed r e c t o r y next n o rth o f the o r ig in a l church, and extended the P arish House u n it northward t o p ro v id e a d d it io n a l rooms f o r s o c i a l and e d u ca tio n a l purposes.

The o f f i c i a l members o f the V estry, during the 1950-51 co n s tr u ctio n , con­ s is t e d o f Rev. O.V. Jackson, r e c t o r . . Dr. A ../. H chlecten, se n io r warden ..

John D. P ow ell, ju n io r warden. The seven vestrymen were the M essrs. B.R. Conyers ..

Aaron 0 . S t a r lip e r . . James K. Searcy •• and Robert W ilkins . • plus the i^e^da/nes C h a rlotte G. P a u ls e ll ..an d L eola M illa r .

The Board o f Trustees in clu d ed C ol. Chas.

L . Woods . . H0n . B.H. Rucker . . and Miss Helen R o lu fs .

The church membership, which in 1969 numbered not more than a dc^an, h<is in jl 1969* jO S Qme ______ J.X1 y . grown to some Th£ Bishops_ who have p re sid e d over the R o lla area sin ce I 869 are th e se : Charles F ra n k lin R obertson (1868-1886) ..D a n ie l S y lv e ste r T u ttle ( 1886-1923) •• F rederick Foote Johnson (1923-1933) ..W illia m S c a r le t t (1933-1952) . . and arthur J* L ich te n b e r g e r ( 1952-19 )• The R ectors who have served are t h e s e : The Revs. W illiam Johnson (1877-1392) . .John W. Higson 11893-1896) . .Frank M. W eddell (1896-1910) . . R.L. Knox (1910-1911) . .H oration N elson T r a g it t (1911-1931) •• O ral V i r g i l Jackson (1931-1961).. and Joseph W. C arlo ( 1961 -d a t e , 19 6 9 ) . e a r ly And w ith t h is , we conclude our p re se n t sk etch o f R o lla * s /ch u rch e s .

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1870 '5

- 60 -

KOALA'S EARLY FRATERNAL SOCIETIES T - r^eE-a-*-"in c luded the three Masonic orders - the Blue Lodge the oya_ Arch Chapter, and the E astern S ta r. The Odd Fellow s Lodge had the regular I .O .O .F . ch a p ter l o r men, the Daughters o f Rebecca a u x ilia r y fo r women. Other lodges were the United Workmen ( A.O.U.W.), the Knights o f Labor ( K .L .), and ihe

A ^ M m T q ) h re in clu ded .

T?e Army * fche ^ p u b lic ( G .A .R .), while not a I t s a u x ilia ry fo r women was the Womens' R e lie f Corps.

- T ov^ t B- UR olla Lodge No. 213, A.F. . was organized May 30, 1861.

T.T. Sh ie l ds was W orsh ipfu l master (W.M.) - W.M. Pennington the Senior Warden - P .J. Lynch tne Junior Warden - P.R. Woodward the Senior Deacon - Francis Marion Lenox the Secretary - Dr. J.G. M arshall the Treasurer - and H.J. Smith, the T yler. The addi­ tion a l ch a rte r members were th ese: A. C lare C.E. Hall S. C. Fleming G.W. Matlock J.R . Cr a ig •J . Hawkins T. F. J one s S.M. Stigleman A. Davis Jas.. P. Harrison James King Danl. R. Parsons D.O. Gorman Thos. C. Harrison Ezra T iffan y J.W. Thompson , S. W. Smith .

In 1888, the Lodge had 83 members. The o f f ic e r s at that time were these: Worthy Master . . Luman F. Parker Junior Deacon . . Ti.os, Jones Senior Warden . . Hamilton E. Baker S ecretary J. J. Garvey Junior Warden . . George L. Love Treasurer Chas. Strobhch,Sr. Senior Deacon . . J. L. Smith Tyler . . . .

R.A. Warren R olla Royal Arjch_Chajoter_N£._32,_A_1F1_ 1 _..M. was organized Hay 31,1865. The f i r s t o f f i c e r s were th e s e : Dr. W illiam E l l i s Glenn, High P r ie s t - Robert P. Faulkner, King - C.F. A lle n , S cr ib e - A. Demplewolf, C.H. - Thomas N evins, P .S . —Thos. C. H arrison, R.A.C. - T .J . K insey, S e cr e ta ry - J. Brunnel, Treasurer - Joseph Campbell, M.3rd V. Dr, L. Prigm ore, M.2nd V. - C lif t o n B. B e it z e l, M. 1 s t V. - James King, T y ler. The Charter members were th e se : Dr. Wm. E lli s Glenn Thomas J. Nivens Dr. Leander Prigmore j£; Robt. P. Faulkner Thos. C. Harrison James King C. P. A llen James P. Harrison Joseph Campbell G. C. Curry Thomas J. Kinsey ... Demplewolf C lifto n B. E e itz e l Charles C a rte ll J. Brunnel In 1888, the Lodge had 83 members. The same year, the Masonic Lodge sold the old Masonic Hal l b u ild in g at 4th and Main streets to the C hristian Church, and in i t s place erected a good wood frame b u ild in g on 7th s tr e e t, between Pine stre e t and the Frisco r a ilr o a d . In 1888, the Royal Arch o f f i c e r s were these: George L. Love C.H. . . . .

Dr. Sami. B. Rowe High R riest J .J . Garvey M. 3rd V. Wm. C. K elly E.K...............

Luman F. Parker M. 2nd V. David W. Malcolm E .S ...............

Pleasant M. Gaddy M. 1st V. Cyrus H. Frost Treasure r .

R.U. Brown Guard . . .

A lex. H. Orchard S ecreta ry .

William P a u lsell R .A .0. . .

J.L . Stewart P .S .J . . . . .

R olla Chapter No. 176, Eastern Star Lodge, fohn R. Parsons, Grand Worthy Patron, of ot.-i-.ouis Worthy Matron . „ S ister Sami. B. Rowe . Bro. Thos. D. Smith Worthy Patron . . S is . J.R* Hardin A sst. Matron . . S is . L.R. Dunivin -— Se ere tar y . •. . . S is . E lla Smith Treasurer . . . . . S is . J.L . Stewart Conductress .

S en tin el . . . Bro.

w. s organized January 14, 1889, by . The f i r s t o ffic e r s in s ta lle d were these Adah . . .

Ruth . . .

Esther . . S is .

Msz* fchci • • o i s • E lecta . . S is . ’Warder . . Bro. Walter Wishon

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The Charter members ( Eastern Star) were these: i-isses___________ ___________ Messrs Sami. B. Rowe J u lia Poole . M. Fie tt . r . George Love B. Dickson J. F. Parker G. Bradish F. J. Dunivin J. J . Garvey M. Faulkner E. M ille r L.R. Dunivin Wm. Paulsel1 David E. Cowan John R* Hardin A. Smith Jennie Gordon Joseph Poole B. Dickson N.A. Kinney T.D. Smith S a llie Jordan Dr. Sami. B. Rowe J. H. Dunivin J.S. L ivesay E lla Smith I . M ille r M illard Faulkner James L. Smith George Love J .L . Stewart E. Sturn Clara Rowe John R. Hardin A.J. Jordan E. Sturn E. Strobach Walter W. Fishon Noel A. Kinney Wm. P a u lse ll J .W. Wishon Edith Strobach Robt. ... Love Miss L. Sturn . . . 'V / / / / Z / / . . . .

H°I=Ia Bodge Ko_j_ 1?^,_Gdd_i^e> llows_(_±_i_0_i0_i_F_;_) was organized May 16, 1866. The charter members were Louis Bergau, W.F. D e lis le , E. Ryan, J.S . Bales", and A. Demplew e lf. Mr. Bergau was the f i r s t Noble Grand. Through the years to 1889, his succes­ sors were th ese: George C. Brucher . . . Chas. Strobach, Sr. . . . William L^pper . . .

Chas. Totsch . . . Wm. Fort . . . J.L. Stewart . . . J.P. Wilson . . . Wm. H e lle r ,3 r . . . .

J.B. S a lly . . . R.M. Browne . . . John F. Kaine . . . E . J . f i l l e r . . . O.W. Jones . . .

Dr. J.D. Carpenter . . . and Henry Wood. The Lodge owned property valued at &2,000 in 1888.

The_ Daughters of_Rebe_cca_(_Ii Oi Oi Fi A u xilia ry) was organized S ep t.20,1888, with tw en ty-six ch arter members.

Mesdantes

, ■. - .

R o lla Lodge of_an cien t Order_of Uni ted_Worknen_(_ j1*0.IM'■i j R o lla Legion No. 56, S.K. ( a branch lodge T ^'va3 organized A p r il 11, 1883, by H.L. Deem, G.C. o f M issouri. The ch arter members were these: John Hardin was the f i r s t "Commander".

W.Wo Southga.te J. Weisenbach J. A. Oatley .Jeremiah S. French A lb ert S. Long John Hardin W illiam Robson Dr. R.L.Johnson James G. F ra izer George L. Lcve J. D. Watkins Robt. McCaw H oratio S. Herbert ’Wm. J. Pierce R olla L odg. No^ 2, Jf o i ght s _ o f Honor £ K.H._) was organized June 8, 1881.

In 1888, the lodge had twenty-two members. The charter o ff ic e r s v;ere these: Henry ’Wood Wm. H eller ? -R* D. Dr. C.E. Cauffman H.S. Herbert C.E...........

P.D. Jeremiah S. French G. ........... T.D. Smith V.D. Arthur Corse Robert McCaw Guardian A.D. Dr. R.L. Johnson Wm. J . Pierce M.E...........

R. .

There were three tru stees, not named.

• • • •

R olla Assembly No..8^.967j. l i g h t s . of_Labor_(_KJLL j _ was organized in October, 1886 by “ .“ Liscomb, D.O. of M issouri. Ihere were th irty-n in e charter members.

J.G .’ F ra izer was the f i r s t Master Workman, and the 1888 incumbent. Henry Beddoe had a ls o serv ed . The 1888 membership numbered some 150. This group was vigorou sly, prominently in volved in R o lla 's c i t y p o l i t i c s .

The Grand Army Of Tte Re nubile £ The Gen._KenryJVilson Post^. Nof 1 3 9)_(G .A .R .l >rganized“ in R o lla on July 26, 1884. L. F ischer, o f Salem, Mo., o f f l c i a t e a . . _re , e T t « e n t y charter menders. ’ Hr " C o d e r s " , 1384 to 1883, »ere ‘ heae: Charles ’otsch fhonas D. Smith . . . James G. F raizer . . . and Henry Wooa, t.i ■•' * e n t : * ‘ , s 0^ 188 8, the am bers hip numbered son, s e ^ n ty Union veterans.

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MISCELLjilffiOUS COwdjJNITY AFFAIRS 1865_To 1880 A griculture,^punt^r. Lairds, _rr.omoted .-1-n R o lla .- Organized promotion o f a g ricu l­ ture and cou n ty ia ir s in R o lla began with the in corporation o f the Phelps County A g ricu ltu ra l, Medhanical, and H orticu ltu ra l S o cie ty in February, 1869# Edmund W» Bishop, Rolla* s founder, am the leader in so many other e n terp rises, took the lea d also in th is orga n iza tion . Besides Bishop, the coi’porators were Henry Gleino, Horace W ilcox, W.B. Tallman, and oth ers. . . . In May, the S o cie ty decided to hold the county’ s f i r s t FAIR in the f a l l o f 1869 - but that had t o be deferred u n til the f a l l o f 1870.

In February, 1870, an appropriate c o n s titu tio n was adopted, The main purposes o f the S o c ie ty would be to promote uhe w elfa re, the improvement, and the increased in te r e s t in a g ricu ltu re , h o r tic u ltu r e , and the mechanic-1 -rts and implements.

Membership was open t o a l l who desired t o jo in . Dues were ,1.00 per year. House­ wives were admitted fr e e . The r o l l o f o ff ic e r s included president, vice pr<= sident, 'Secretary, trea su rer, corresponding secretary, and a board o f d ir e c to r s o f nine members.

In th is meeting of February, 1870, the sum of 45,000 was raised or pledged fo r use in cle a r in g and grading the S ociety*s property fo r use in holding f i r .

The d ir e c t o r s had purchased a land tra ct o f t h ir t y -fiv e acres fo r such use. This included the o r ig in a l f a i r ground s it e lo ca te d in L o t/ 119 and the north h a lf o f Lot 98, R ailroad A ddition to R olla ( In Sec. 10, T .37 -S ).

In 1969 these premises include Buehler Park, the M issouri State G eolog ica l Survey, the State Armory, and the U.S. F orest Servi.ce b u ild in g s .

In August, 1870, the S o cie ty had a p u blic session devoted to a d iscu ssion o f potato cu ltu re and produ ction . Dr. J .S . Frost gave the le c tu r e , ar. E. .. Bisnop exh ibited e x c e lle n t samples o f potatoes which he had raised lo c a l 1y . -igaxa, • Bishop i s seen as the topmost promoter o f th is whole move. ant.

The F irst. Annual_Fair was held on Tuesday and Wednesday, September 27th and 28th, 1870. I t was held in E.W. B ishop's "Theatre B uilding" - the old C iv il War team sters’ sta b le , on the block (47) bounded by 5th, bth, Main and Park s tr e e ts .

In d ivid u a l admissions were 25 cents - fam ily groups # 1 .‘ . A long l i s t o f ^premiums was a d v ertised . S p e cia l ex h ib its were these: ( l ) Horses and mules; (2) o a ttle , hogs, g oa ts; (3) Clothing, grain s, fr u it s , vegetab les; (4) B u t t e r . . (5) A very sp e cia l e x h ib it o f m inerals owned by M ilton Santee.

This f i r s t county f a i r remains as a c la s s ic landmark in ooth the h istory of R olla, and cf Phelps county.

t

/

l

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O f f i c ers_ ^ e re e le c t e d in February, 1871. Edmund W. Bishop was p re s i-c dent, A lb e r t Neuman v ic e p r e s id e n t, W.B. TalOman s e cr e ta ry , and S tillm an Ruggles tr e a s u r e r .

The d ir e c t o r s were A .F . Pack . . S. Ruggles . . Henry C lein o . . A lbert Neuman . . E . o o e s t . . i«Q.Emerson . . E.W. B ishop . . and H.L. .fheat.

The Second_Annual F air was held the f a l l o f 1871. We skip d e t a ils and pass t o th ose o f the Third Annual_Fair o f 1872. For that year, there was a long l i s t o f premiums, bought m ostly from adm ission funds. The e ig h teen c la s s e s of e x h ib it s were these.* C lass A . . H orses ( s t a l l i o n s ) G . . V egetables M. .Domestic fa b r ic s B . . H o r s e s ,t r o t t in g & r id in g H . . D airy produ cts N. .Needle work C . . Mules i . . F ru its O. .Fine Arts D . . Cat t i e j . . Cookery P. .Farm Implements E . . Swine, sheep, p o u ltr y K . . J e l l i e s , preserves Q . .M inerals F . . G rain s, seeds L . . Flow ers, b ird s R. .Manufactures These se v e ra l c a t e g o r ie s o f e x h ib its were f a i r l y re p re se n ta tiv e f o r a l l the f a i r s l a t e r g iv en by t h is S o c ie ty .

The_ Fourth^ F ifth ,_ a ^ _ S ^ th _ A n n u a l_ F a irs occu rred , r e s p e c t iv e ly , in 18731874 - 1875 - and 1876. At t h is 1876 s e s s io n , M essrs. Ferdinand Strobach had h is R o lla m anufactured "S tar Of The West" farm wagon on e x h ib it . The D. G errish com­ pany competed w ith the "G errish " wagon.

September was a fa v o r it e month fo r these se v e ra l f a i r s .

The one f o r 1874 included e x h ib it s o f n a tiv e grown co tto n , grown in the M issou ri cou n ties o f Howell, Shannon, D ouglas, and Oregon. The commercial b a le s were hauled to R olla by wagon, and shipped by tr a in from there t o S t . L ou is. In 1879, the F r is c o r a ilr o a d shipped 5,000 b a les in th is way during the months September through December.

The. le a r_ 1 8 7 2 Brought Trouble. For The. S o c ie t y ._ I n February, the town e d i­ to r s a id th at " the A. & M. S o c ie t y i s in a bad way". He sa id that the c h ie f tro u b le was th a t the members o f the Board were not g r e a t ly in te r e s te d in _ a g r ic u ltu re .

They seemed, the ra th e r, to want to promote th e ir own in d iv id u a l b u sin esses.

But a worse c o n d it io n was that there might be a lo s s o f the f a i r grounds through fo r e c lo s u r e - and th a t a c t u a lly happened when, in December, the L ife A sso cia tio n o f the U .S .A . took o v e r. Sale of the grounds n etted 4 l,0 0 0 . The o f f i c e r s , as o f August, 1877, were t h e s e : P re sid e n t, E.W. B ishop. A lb e rt Neuman was v ic e p r e s i­ dent, W.B. Tallman s e c r e ta r y , A .S. Long tr e a s u r e r . The d ir e c t o r s were th ese: A .S . Long ..A le x a n d e r Demuth . . Chas. S tro b a ch ,S r. ..A lb e r t Neuman . . H oratio 3.

H erbert ( R o lla Herald e d it o r ) ..C y ru s Peabody . . O liv e r P. P a u ls e ll ..an d Robert A. L ove.

The Ninth Annual_Fair was held in September, 1878 - d e s p ite the fo r e c lo s u r e and i t s subsequent discouragem ent, Our re co rd does not show that subsequent f a i r s were held f o r the years 1879 or 1880 - they may have been. However, through the 1880*3, the coun ty f a i r s were held in o t . James — as w i l l be recorded in our next s e c tio n o f th is s t o r y .

N u r s e r ie s .- During the 1870*s, there were se v e ra l n u rse rie s around R o lla , owned by d i f f e r e n t persons . Thomas Q. Emerson had a forem ost one o f these u n t il he removed t o P arson s, Kansas in 1882. A lb ert Neuman and a partner named Hooker teamed up and in 1875 were s e l l i n g tre e g r a f t s - 50,000 o f them. They were cu t­ tin g s from a p p le , peach, ch e rry , plum and oth er t r e e s . A.F. Pack ( fa th e r o f John Pack o f t t e ‘ f i r s t graduating c la s s at M.S.M. ) had another nursery some short_ d is te n ce southw est o f R o lla . And through the 1 8 8 0 's L a tt H. Case had a f lo u r is h ­ in g n u rsery and t r e e orchard on the t r a c t which, in 1969, i s the d .o .u . (J n iv . o f M is so u ri, R o lla ) g o l f grounds

CVM 7/16/69

- 64 T..E ORGANIZATION_AM_GROWTH OF_I|ffi_GRMGER_MO'\®dENT ‘

^

•^ „ ~ n- - a- r - n- - f _Hlisbandry, otherw ise and p o p u la rly c a lle d the'^Granger Soc­ ie t y , or movement, was organized in Washington, D .C ., on December 4th, 1867. I t was e s s e n t i a l l y a "farm ers s o c i e t y " . Among i t s main g o a ls were th ese: (a ) to d e s tr o y a l l ch a rte re d m on op olies; (b ) t o have laws passed which would f i x reason­ able r a t e s for f r e ig h t and passen^pr t r a f f i c on r a ilr o a d s ; ( c ) t o s t r e s s farmer c o o p e r a tio n ; (d ) to reduce the number o f "middlemen" handling farm p ro d u cts; (e ) t o oppose a l l "m onopoly"; and ( f ) t o e s t a b lis h a g r ic u lt u r a l and m echanical c o l l e g e s . During the 1880* s and 1890* s, the movement le d t o the org a n iza tion o f s e v e r a l p o l i t i c a l p a r t ie s such as th e "Farmers' A llia n c e " and the "P o p u lis t" and " S o c i a l i s t " p a r t ie s .

In R o lla and Phelps county, the movement spread with lig h tn in g speed.

A f i r s t re co rd we have cf such a county m eeting s ta te s that a "Grange" meeting was held at the D illo n s ch o o l house on December 4th, 1875 — the eigh th anniversary o f the movement's fou n d in g . Sven b e fo r e th a t, "Granges" were springin g up in many parts o f Phelps cou n ty , In 1874 there were ch a p ters in R o lla , Sdgar S p rin gs, South Spring Creek ( R e lf e ) , E lk P r a ir ie , and Cold Spring.

In June o f 1873, E.W. B ishop was "M aster" o f the R o lla ch a p ter, and P ro f.

Nelson W. A lle n , o f the M.S.M. f a c u lt y , was s e c r e ta r y . This chapter met at 2:00 P.M. on the l a s t Saturday o f each month. A lle n 's fa th e r , far- whom the v illa g e o f A llentow n, some l i t t l e d ista n ce west of S t . L ou is, was the r e a l prom oter o f the granger movement in M isso u ri.

In_l874;,_there_were_ ele v e n granger chapters In Phelps county - and they requ ested - and g o t - a s p e c ia l w eekly column in R o l l a 's newspapers. A s p e c ia l m eeting o f the coun ty-w ide Grange was h e ld in January, a t R o lla , in ,he Court House. A new s e t of o f f i c e r s was then e le c t e d .

The fo llo w in g l i s t g iv e s some id ea o f what the s o c i e t y was lik e and what i t d id .

These were the o f f i c e r s : Master . . J.M. D illo n Treasurer . . H .J. Daugherty O verseer . . R .E . Jones S e cre ta ry . . G.P. Breen L e ctu re r . . E.W. Bishop Gate Keeper . .

Adams Steward . . . J.B . A nsley Ceres ............Mrs. J.B . Ansley A sst.Stew ard . . . . Dodson Pomona ......... Mrs. J.i.:. D illo n Chaplain . Daniel Chamberlain F l o r a ........... Mrs. Dickerson Stewardess . . Mrs. D an iel Chamberlain I n_1872,_The_C ounty Grange, by r e s o lu t io n , urged the L e g isla tu re to g iv e the M issou ri S ch o o l o f Mines a re g u la r, permanent, annual a p p ro p ria tio n . To that date, i t had no such th in g .

In _0 ctob er,_ 1879, the county grange sent a r e s o lu t io n t o the le g is la t u r e making the fo llo w in g com p lain ts: 1 . - P r o te s t was made because o f cu rren t high ta x a tio n .

2 . - State o f f i c e r s were d is h o n e s t.

Their s a la r ie s were m o high.

3 ! - L e g is la t o r s were condemned because they re fu se d t o reduce such s a la r ie s .

4 . - L e g is la t o r s were condemned because they f a i l e d to p r o te c t the weak from the stro n g - the poor from the r ic h .

5 . - The l o c a l grange appointed D aniel Chamberlain and A lb e rt Neuman a s p e c ia l committee to study and evaluate the fo re g o in g wrongs.

The Great 1880 Grange_Convo£ation_At R o l l a . - In O ctober, 1880, the State Grange c o n v e n e d ^ R o lla . Headquarters were on the s it e o f old F ort De tte - on what in 1969 i s the U n iv e rsity campus. On October 20th a g re a t t o r c h - li g h t s tr e e e t parade was staged by 340 p erson s.

To accomodate the huge crowd, a s p e c ia l b u ild in g measuring 28 x 210 fe e t was co n s tr u c te d . I t was d iv id e d in to seven separate d ta ln g r o c m s W n g c a p a c ity fo e fr e n 600 to 700 p e rso n s. Long rows o f ten ts « = « se t ud fo r s le e p in g q u a rters - p le n ty fo r se v e ra l hundred fa m ilie s . _ inere was a ls o a s p e c ia l canm issary house.

The men programmed speeches and other had t h e i- own program.

This was p o s s ib ly the la r g e s t con voca tion c f the kind ever staged in R o llZ A lb e rt Neuman, l o c a l chairman re sp o n sib le fo r tne program and b u ild in g s , was v ig o r o u s ly lauded " f o r h is lin e e x e cu tiv e a b i l i t y . ^ u s e c t io n o f t h i s s to r y w i l l f o llo w fu r t h e r a c t i v i t i e s of the Grange .

CVM 8 /3 0 /6 9 1870‘ s . .

NEW RIBBON & CARBONS

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THE EMERffiWCE 0F_BU3INESS AND INDUSTRY 186$_-_1880 S en era l S u jyey o f R o lla B u sin ess,. 1 8 6 5 -1 8 8 0 .- The p r o s p e r it y and liv e lih o o d o f any town depends la r g e ly , upon the sta tu s o f the busin ess and in d u stry conducted.

R olla s b u sin e ss d e c lin e d sh a rp ly im m ediately a f t e r the c lo s e o f the C iv il War. There w ere p ie n t y o f s to r e s which d isp en sed g r o c e r ie s , dry goods, queensware, hardware ana the l i k e - but m arkets f o r th e se goods were nojt so p l e n t i f u l , R o lla ’ s bu sin ess and in d u stry needed a shot in the arm — a revamping But th e re w ere, in these tr y in g years o f R o lla ’ s calam ity and d e c lin e (1865-80) a dozen o r jn o r e men who were determ ined that t h e ir town _should_not_continue t o d e clin e that i t should be the town i t was intended t o be when f i r s t e s t a b lis h e d . And so - i t ~ was th a t, as e a r ly as J3 67 or b e fo r e , these men jo in e d hands and set about b u ild in g up t h e ir town - i t s b u sin e sse s and in d u s tr ie s - w ith a l l th e ir might and combined re so u rce s.

They must have £rohuc_ti;re_industries_ ’ The Army had l e f t behind at le a s t two wagon r e p a ir sh op s. Perhaps these could be r e h a b ilit a t e d so as to produce new wagons, which migfct fin d a ready sa le ou tsid e of town, and in the f a r southw est. The Army had used hundreds o f b a r r e ls o f f lo u r in i t s town b a k e rie s , where at times as many as 6,000 lo a v e s o f bread had been baked d a i l y . At le a s t two b a k eries had been l e f t in town. A t h r iv in g f l o u r m i l l was a p o s s i b i l i t y .

The cou n trysid e was producing la rg e amounts o f wheat and c o r n .

The farm ers were a ls o growing many sheep and c a t t l e .

Stock yards were a p o s s i b i l i t y . And sheep w ool cou ld be made in t o yarn, and woven in to fin e w oolen c l o t h . A w oolen m ill might pay o u t. S ev era l blacksm ith shops had been l e f t b y the Army - perhaps they might be turned in t o plov; f a c t o r ie s or other works. And - t o cap the clim ax - a town bank and a fin e h o t e l were n e c e s s it ie s .

Some car- a ll o f th ese e n te r p r is e s might be s ta r te d - i f o n ly that "dozen or more men" pooled t h e ir f i n a n c i a l r e s o u rce s , organized a sto ck company, and g ot any or a l l e f these p o t e n t ia l b u sin e sse s on th e ir f e e t . They would t r y i i The Townj_s_Inventorx_of B usiness^ 1 8 2 1 .- C h ief among R o lla ’ s post-w ar business houses was th a t o f Faulkner ard Graves. I t was a w holesale concern, ca te rin g to the b u sin ess needs of the r a ilr o a d company and c o n s tr u ctio n w orkers. I t s la rg e warehouse a d jo in e d the F r is c o r a ilr o a d on the west s id e , a b u ttin g the north lin e o f 8th s t r e e t . O pposite i t , e a s t o f the r a ilr o a d , was the s im ila r store o f Joseph Campbell & C o., w hich was a ls o the o f f i c e o f the Adams Express Co. As the r a ilr o a d l e f t R o lla , g oin g on to S p r in g fie ld , the Faulkner and Graves store was vacated, and became a h o t e l .

I t was f i r s t c a lle d the "Faulkner House", but a f t e r Mrs. Crandall assumed i t s management, i t was c a lle d the "C ran da ll House". On the op p osite sid e e f tte tr a c k s , Mr» Campbell tapered o f f h is g en era l w holesale b u sin e ss, and p re s e n tly operated the R o lla F lour M i l l s .

Taking a lo o k a t the l e s s e r b u sin e sse s - a f i r s t would be the w holesale sto re operated b y tte John L iv e sa y fa m ily . Like the Faulkner-Graves s to r e , th is one con­ ducted a w holesale g sn e ra l b u sin e ss, handling food item s, c lo th in g and p ro v isio n s needed in the southwest cou n try, and farm m achinery. At tim es, i t s b u sin ess amount­ ed t o seme $ 300 , 0 0 0 . per y e a r.

There w ere a ls o tte sm aller s t o r e s which, in varyin g amounts, dispensed g r o c e r ie s , d ry goods, hardware, cro ck e ry , n o tio n s , papers and m agazines, b oots and shoes, s t o v e s , sewing m achines, pianos and organs. There were two or three drug sto re s two l i v e r y s t a b le s where one could h ire a horse and buggy, or a team fo r a day’ s t r i p , or lea ve a team t o be fe d and cared f c r . There were c a fe s , b a k eries, jew el and watch r e p a ir shops, r e a l esta te and insurance a g e n cie s, m illin e r f P s * fu rn itu re s t o r e s op erated by those who made and sold c o f f i n s and conducted f u n e r d s .

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eif

2!/®. Table_ Which Follows^ shows the variety or such busin e s s e s , and the number of each kind, as the record stood at tie end of tte year 1871.

Book stores Cabinet makers .

Carpenters, boss Clothing stores Cigar fact<9ry Cutlery makers Drug stores . .

Flouring m ills Grocery stores Gunsmiths . . . .

Hotels .............

Lawyers ...........

.1 1 3 2 2 h

3 1 1 2 2 9 1 5 10

Bakeries, confection stores. . 3 Blacksmith shops .....................

Cooper (barrel) factories . . . 1 Dry goods stores, etc ........... 10 Harness shops, saddlers . . . .

2 Insurance agencies ................. 4 Jewelers, watches, clocks . . 2 Livery stables ......................... 3 Live stock dealers ................

3 Millinery shops ....................... 8 Physicians (doctors) ............. 7 Real estate, insurance agts. 3 Tin shops, hardware ............... 1 Wool carding shop ................... 1 Wholesale gro-hdw-dry goods. 1 Lumber yards . . . 3

National Bank . . : Nurseries ............

Packing house . . . plow factories . .

Plasterers ..........

Painters ...............

Pointing shops . .

Planincr mill ____ Restaurants ........

Shoemakers...........

Saloons .................

Tailors .................

Wagon shops ........

Meat markets . . . .

Tobacco factory .

1 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 4 4 6 2 2 4 1

_House_Buildin£,_1871.- For a small town,, Rolla experienced a tremendous boom in house and sto re b u ild in g during tte year 1871. And th is con­ tinued f o r some y e a rs a fte rw a rd . The fo llo w in g ta b le re p o rts the number o f b u ild in g s so erected, t h e ir owners, and t h e ir c o s t s .

B u ild ings E rected In _R olla i _ 1871 R olla Pub. School D is t . Blag. ..$30,000 Wm. Beddoe, brick residence . . . . 1,500 Blackwell, A. . . Ees.......................

300 Bland, C.C...........Res.......................... 1,500 Bonnell & Force, Planing m ill . .

3,500 Bowles, Sam . . . . Res.......................

600 Campbell, J o s ... Store bldg...........1,100 Campbell, J o s ... Tenement bldg . .

500 Creusbauer,Chris Res............................1,000 Clark, E.M........... Improvements . . .

800 D eslisle, W.F. . Improvements . . .

500 Force, W.H...........Res............................ 1,300 Ferrell, Enoch . Res .......................

560 Gerrish, D.F. (WagonShop improvmt) 2,000 Heintz, J.L. . . . Res......................... 1,000 Heintz, J.L. . . . Carpenter shop 1,000 Kauffman, J.B. . Res.........................

400 Kelley, Wm. C. Law office . . . . . 1,500 L©ve, Robt. A. Brick res............... 8,500 L ivesay, J.D. Res ....................... i> 500

Long, A.S. ..Tenement bldg............. $900 Long, A.S. ..Tenement bldg ...........

800 Long, A.S. ..Business house .........

700 Lepper, Wm . Res.................................

750 Massie, John . . Brick res................. 1,500 Moore, Fred . .

Brick res............... 1,500 Maser, Geo. . .

Res. ......................

Mansfield, E ..

Res.............................1,000 O’ Brien, John .

Brick res................. 3,500 O'Brien............. 2-story brk.hotel 7,000 Prigmore, Dr.L Brick res...............2,500 Prigmore, Dr.L Office .................

Richardson, Amos J. ..Res ............... 1,200 Richardson, W.H...........Res ...............

Russell, A.W. ..Res .........................

500 Slawson, E.C. . Pies .........................

Tall man, Wm. B. Pies .........................

800 Wagner, Theo. (lawyer) Pies............... 1,200 Whiting, Misses Florence & Minnie 300

$ 5 9 ,0 6 0

$25,650

Grand T ota l . . . $84,710 The known lo c a t i o n o f a few o f these b u ild in g s i s worth re co rd in g , ( l ) The Public S c h o o l Bldg i s th e '’R o lla B u ild in g " on School o f Mines cam pus... (2) The Beddoe brick re sid e n c e at S.W. corn er 5th and Main . . . ( 3 ) The G errish wagon shop on west s i d e R o l l a d s t r e e t midway between 7th and 8 t h . . . (4 ) The O 'B rien b r ic k h o t e l, on north side 9th J t r e e t m iddaybetw een R o lla arei Pine stre e ts . . . ( 5 ) The Dr. Prigmore b r ic k re s id e n c e 8 S .E . T orner 3rd and R o lla s t r e e t s . . . ( 6 ) The Amos Richardson residen ce W d l a t e ’ s.W . co rn e r 4th and Main. (7 ) The Robt. Love b r ic k - s c e n e s cen ter o f block bounded b y O liv e and Cedar, 9th and 10th s t r e e t s . (8 ) The Heintz carpenter shop, e a s t sid e o f O liv e , midway between 5th ana 6th s t r e e t s .

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-

67 -

•.T^nhnf^lJ0^ Mil1 - One of the f ir s t lo ca l productive enterprises tree.

TvT S i ? «n •“ i aunch;uig was the R o lla Flour M ill . R o lla - town cou ld not But w hS kind W e lf gT °C! r7 St0re3 a l ° n e * ^ r e _ h a d _ t o b e_p rod u ctive in d u stry .

But what kind . . W ell, coun ty farm ers were producing ample q u a n titie s o f wheat? corn barley, from which f l o u r or corn meal cou ld be ground. These farm ers had to have the gr a i ? ground or m ille d be far-e th ey cou ld use i t fo r bread making. The town peo­ ple had to have i t a ls o - as d id the two or th ree town b a k e rie s . And, b e s id e s , there was a good p r o s p e c t fo r o u t-o f-to w n and county-w ide sale o f good m ille d p rod u cts.

Rolla was on the r a ilr o a d , and th e re cou ld even be a la rg e o u t-s ta te and o u t -o f-s t a t e business. rue — there were s c a tte r e d over Phelps and a d jo in in g co u n tie s se v era l existing g r i s t m ills - but they co u ld n ’ t compete w ith a b e t t e r one at R o lla . They ----- d~ would b u ild i t I — flqvo£ite_jplan, much used in R o lla in these try in g post-w ar days, was to organize a l o c a l sto ck company, with each one of the dozen or so "Townbuilders" signing up f o r as many shares at $100 as he cou ld handle. In th is way, s u f f i c i e n t c a p it a l was su b scrib e d t o s t a r t the e n t e r p r is e . A fte r i t g ot g oin g , i t o fte n hap­ pened th at th re e or fo u r o f the more a b ly fin an ced men would take over the e n tir e stock and the e n t e r p r is e . This was true o f the f lo u r m ill p r o je c t , o f the la t e r Beddoe f l o u r m i l l , the w oolen m i l l , the Grant H otel p r o je c t , and the R o lla Bank. §u~ch a Stock Company , with Judge William G. Pomeroy as president, was organ­ ized in august of 1867. I t launched the Rolla Flour M ill proje c t . . .The M ill was located and b u ilt immediately joining the Frisco railroad track, on its east side, in Block 8, Rolla M ill Addition, between 7th and 8th streets. During it s best days, it milled some 40 bushels of wheat per hour - and during a year produced some 45,000 barrels of flou r. I t marketed several brands cf excellent flour, two of which were named "Beats ’ em A ll" and "Rolla Patent Flour". For the best grade, hard wheat from northern and weste rn out-of-state field s was shipped in . Local wheat was used as required. For several ye ars, the Rolla flour was quite popular on the S t. Louis and other out-state markets.

In those days, flour was packed and sold in_barrels. Some, of course, was sacked fcr local use. And so there had to be barrels. Where get them ?? The answer was, "Make them on the premises". And so a "cooper shop", or barrel factory, was set up on the extreme northwest corner of Block 8, M ill Addition — next to the east line of the Frisco right-of-way and the south line of 8th street. The barrel staves were eith er sawed ard shaped right there, or were shipped in. For the bands around barrels, farmers brought in small saplings of white oak or hickory that could be ripped and sized and bent into the circular loops or barrel hoops. The iinished bar­ rels were rolled to the flour m ill on a plank walk joining the two structures.

A s_first_b u iltJ_ the M ill consisted only of tte "merchant" unit, which ground out flour for ^ n e r a l sale — not small amounts for local customers. Records, state that tte original m ill was powered with a 250 horsepower_ steam engine. But in 1876, the plant was enlarged by addition of a smaller unit designed to grind small amounts of grain for lo ca l customers. This was called the "Custom M ill". As part of the 1876 renovation, a new engine of 165 horsepower, with two new steam boilers was installed. A new brick chimney was b u ilt, ard the power house provided with brick walls. The merchant m ill now had two sets of millstones ( hewn from fine-grained local sandstone ) that were 4 feet in diameter. I t also had a smut m ill, a 25-foo bolting machine, and plenty of spouts and e le c tin g fa c ilt ie s .

A f i n a l improvement was the stu rd y ELEVATOR, added in 1879, f o r the storage in i t s s e v e r a l compartments, o f la rg e q u a n titie s of g r a in . , ® w ? , th or tw o-inch plank, l a i d f l a t in lam inated s t y le , w ith plank ends d o v e ta ile d togeth er y * Tte elevator floor dimensions were ___ x ----- feet, ana for the necessary strength bushels of grain. fe e t. I t could store the extreme height, ground up, S wheat in 1876""had been 12,000 bushels. The :lower port ions ef this elevator and the flour B i ll s t i l l exist in 1969, as part of the lumber storage rooms of tte Herrman Lumber Col

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Ma£kBt_Pri|e£ Of_Gra|n_And_Flour.- In 1869, the p r ic e s of g ra in ate grain products were as f o l l c w s : Per b u sh e l, b e st wheat sold a t $1.20 . . Next b e st and medium, r e s p e c t iv e ly , a t $ 1 .1 0 and $ 1 .0 0 . . Poor wheat sold at on ly 80 cents per b u sh el. . . . Corn s o ld a t 60 to 70 ce n ts, rye at 50 to 60 cen ts per b u sh el. Oats brought 25 t o 30 c e n t s . Corn meal s o ld a t 80 t o 90 cents per b u sh e l. Bran was $12 per to n . F lo u r, in three grades, s o ld at $ 5 .5 0 . . $ 6 .5 0 . . and $7-50 per b a r r e l.

S ° l l a M illJ )w n ersh ip _C h a n g es.- As the years passed, I 867 t o 1880, tte m ill ownership passed th rou ^ i s e v e r a l changes and in t o p rivate hates u n t il , in 1876, i t s p r in c ip a l owner was that g re a t "T ow nbuilder", Joseph Campbell. For a time, there were a s s o c ia t e d w ith him that oth er g re a t "T ow nbuilder", Robert A. Love, ate a ls o the M essrs. Wes. Smith and Joseph T ip ton . Fred S e e le , the M i l l 's master m ille r during most o f i t s a c t iv e o p e ra tio n , was b a d ly mangled in 1876 while try in g to adju st a moving p art ©f the m achinery. F ortu n a tely , he re co v e re d , and b u i l t the house which, as l a t e as 1950, stood at the southwest corn er of 8th ate O live s t r e e t s . On ____________________ , 19___ > the R o lla M ill d c s e d down, due m ainly to tte grea t comp e ta tiv e Gold S e a l and P il l sbury m ills b u ilt up in the S t. Paul—M inneapolis reg ion o f M innesota.

The M i l l had been R o l l a 's c h i e f in d u stry of a l l tim e. I t s f i n a l owners were tte members o f the Charles Schumai fa m ily , who so ld tte abandoned m ill to the Herrman Lumber company, the 19 69 owners of the prem ises.

The Beddoe_Flour=Wool M ill^ - In 1869, Mr. 'William Beddoe, who, during tte C iv il War, had been o f f i c i a l book-and-shoe-m aker f o r o f f i c e r s o f the Union Army, b u ilt a much more modest m illin g p la n t on the t in y f r a c t io n a l p o rtio n o f B lock 2, O rig in a l Town, on th e south sid e o f 5th s t r e e t , at west side of the r a ilr o a d . I t was powered w ith a steam engine p la n t.

B ed d oe's M ill ca te re d c h i e f l y to the "custom " trade - the sm all customer who wanted o n ly a sack or two o f wheat ground. Beddoe not on ly ground these sm all quanti­ t ie s o f wheat and corn , but had a ls o m achinery fo r washing, combing, and tw istin g the w ool and h a ir sheared from sheep and g oa ts ra ise d in the coun ty. The woolen " c u r ls " so produced cou ld be more t i g h t l y tw isted in to fin e woolen yarn - or, l e f t lo o s e ly c u r le d , made e x c e lle n t f i l l i n g between the co tto n sheets which women o f town and co u n try t ie d t o g e th e r t o make warm q u i l t s . Present w r ite r s have samples o f th is Beddoe w ool m i l l tw iste d c u r ls , given t o us by B edd oe's daughter, M argaret.

In _ th e _ b u ild in g and O peration O f_H is_M ill, Mr. Beddoe had to have at le a s t two k in d s o f h e lp . The f i r s t was fin a n c ia l a id .

This was p rovided by another o f those l o c a l s to c k com panies, the board o f d ir e c t o r s o f which co n s is te d o f M essrs.

C.H. F r o s t, J.W. L iv e sa y , R .A . Love, A.M. M illa r d , Azro Emory, A .S. Long, ate C.C. Bland - a l l from R o l l a 's to p -n o tch Townbuilder group. ...B u t to operate tte m ill, Mr. Beddoe a ls o had t o have workmen - ate this need was p rovided by h is two daugh­ t e r s , one o f whom ( M argiret ) became Mrs. H a ll. She gave us the sample o f woolen c u r ls ( which tee cu t out o f her own w ool blanket in order that we m i^ it have the sample ) , and in p e rso n a l in te rv ie w t o ld us the b a s ic fa c t s aoout the m ill ana it s ......... o p e ra tio n .

The R o lla Woolen M i l l . - With n ic e w ool yarn bein g produced oy the Beddoe M ill, why n ot have a w oolen m ill that would weave fin e woolen c lo t h ?? The id ea j e l l e d and matured in th e b u ild in g o f tte R olla Woolen M i l l .

This a lso £ another o f th ose l o c a l sto ck com panies. The m i l l was lo c a t e d in the same b lou . a the R o lla F lou r M i l l - B lock 8, R o lla M ill A d d itio n . I t abutted tte n orth l i n 7th s t r e e t , midway e a s t from tte r a ilr o a d to O live s t r e e t .

I t was August. 1876, teen this stock company decided to build the tw o-story wood frame b u ild in g I t s flo o r dimensions were 30x50 fe e t . R olla s veteran carp te r-b u ild e r^ UJ-G . Ira d ish , handled the frane and wood work. R o lla 's veteran stone mason, C hris M intner, b u i l t the stone fo u n d a tio n . , w orse.

For th ree j e a r s , op eration s went from good to b e t t e r , and th si to ’worse

<?n

izi

s

hB J

.«

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1870's

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10,000 yards of woolen cloth.

That would stretch to a length of 5 .7 miles « Hut for some reason Rolla merchants seemed to prefer buying wool cloth made L the east thus by-passing their own town industry. By 1879, Mr. Albert Sydney Long, a ’ topmost ownbuilder who was^then operating the m ill, gave up the ghost. He could no longer operate at a p rofit. He said that Rolla people were "dead", because they wouldn t support such local home industries. And so the Wool M ill was closed down.

-----|ie_^nsuing_Ye_are this old m ill building - principally it s second floor - was called Campbell H a ll". It was much used for group meetings ard town dances. The late and highly intelligent negress, Leah Christian, foremost member of the mikins^Chapel Methodist Church, personally told present writers about some of these dances in which she participated - contrary to the wishes of her parents - and how she was churched" by the governing board of Elkins Chapel for her "ungodly conduct in so dancing. . . . In the year 1923, the Woolen M ill building was removed from it s original s ite , and relocated across 7th street to the south, opposite to the old stand. This was done to mate room for the Rolla Shoe Factory building. The old structure is now ( 1969 ) used by the Smith grocery store.

••••• The Gerrish and .Strobach Wagon Factories.- During the Civil War, the Union Army used hundreds of farm wagons to transport military goods from Rolla to Houston and Springfield. These wagons were often wrecked by marauding bands - or otherwise broke down. For necessary repairs, the Army maintained extensive repair* and black­ smith shops in Rolla.

As the Army le f t Rolla in I 865, some of these shops were le f t behind, and came into the possession of two rival wagon manufacturers - Messrs.

D. F. Gerrish and his sons on one hand, and Ferdinand Strobach on the other. Both men rehabilitated their respectire plants, and proceeded to manufacture farm wagons of excellent quality on a wholesale basis . They also made stylish buggies, and hacks or stage coaches for use on mail routes from Rolla to Salem and Houston. The Strobach plant also used its blacksmith shop to mate fie ld plows.

A ll thr°ugh the 1860's and 1870‘ s, these two concerns competed fiercely.

Strobach chose the name of "Star Of The West" far his wagons. Gerrish called his products by his own narre, "Gerrish". Their standard - and reasonable - price per wagon was $80.00 each. But every now and then they would cut that price to $70.00 in order to beat the other fellow in sales. During their peak years, these plants manufactured and shipped out of Rolla hundreds of such wagons. In the period from January to May, 1871, the Gerrish plant produced 127 wagons - an average of one per day. The Gerrish plant also produced the fire wagon for the Rolla Fire Department — and fine buggies for some of Rolla*s principal townsmen — like oamuel G. Gilliams, and Albert S. Long. Gerrish also made the "hacks" used on the Rolla-Sadem mail route.

Judged on any basis, these Rolla wagons were of topmost quality.

Both_Wagon_F^ctories_Were Located on Rolla street, between 6th and 8th streets, and OR the west side of Rolla street. The Gerrish plant was built on lots 1-4-5 of Block 36, Bishop’ s 1st Addition - which lo ts abut Rolla street - and on the east half of lo ts 2 and 3, which lots abut Main street at 8th. In 1872, Gerrish enlargec his plant by building a very substantial three-story structure in which to house his factory for producing wagon wheel hubs, spokes and fe llo e s. It was powered with a 40-horse steam engine. I t had barely been placed in service when the national financial panic of 1873 occurred. Mr. and Mrs. Gerrish had mortgaged the plant to S S W S E .1 . lenlargement, an! had ai£ned note,s bearing 1C* interest The panic so reduced their sales ard resources that they defaulted - and S e ^ l l n t was sold. After some adjustment, their son Albert continued the business for a few years, then removed from Rolla and the plant was abandoned.

Tte Rolla Manufacture Of Field*Plows. - From very early years in Phelps County

Tte*principal of these plow-makers was John Massie, who n^ ® t ^ t S ^ 'e a s t ^ ™ plows. His advertisements said that his plows were much better th«n the

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- 70 -

plows shipped in , and^sold by the s t o r e s of L iv esa y & C o., and o th e rs. Massie was a p ro g re ssiv e R o lla c i t i z e n - as was a ls o h is contemporary blacksm ith, Perry C o llin s .

Both v e ry a b ly served R olla -tow n as councilm en during the 1 8 7 0 's , and were h ig h ly re sp e cte d . C o llin s was W orsh ip fu l Master o f the R o lla Masonic Lodge No. 213 °A .F. and A.M. & R o lla Nee_ded_—_And_Got_—_A_Bank.- In 1870 there was a great need f o r a BANK — not alone fo r the c i t y , but as w e ll f o r the e n t ir e county. In an open l e t t e r , a person who s t y le d h im s e lf as "Uncle B i l l " ( p rob ab ly Judge Wm. G. Pomeroy ) , on June 24, 18 6 9 , made a p u b lic p le a f o r the cre a tio n o f a "home.—owned" bank in R o lla .

He argued th a t R o lla had 1 ,9 0 0 in h ab ita n ts — that R o lla merchants were s e lli n g $500,000 w orth o f goods per y e a r - that the R olla Flour M ills were g rin d in g out 125 b a rre ld o f f l o u r p er day — and th a t there was a sp len d id chance f o r a l o c a l l y formed stock company t o se t the b a l l r o l l i n g . I f l o c a l people did not do th is - then out­ sid ers w ou ld. M oreover, such a bank would serve n ot on ly R o lla arri Phelps county i t would serve a ls o the surrounding co u n tie s o f M aries, P u lask i, Tfexas. Dent, and Crawford. ’ * Uncle B i l l y 's p le a a t le a s t serred to assemble those m ilit a n t Townbuilders o f R o lla . They met at the Grant H otel on J u ly 28, 1869, which h o t e l had not yet been changed from the double lo g stru ctu re t o the t h r e e -s t o r y b r ic k o f 1876. On th is o c c a s io n , th e se Townbuilders were p re se n t: Robert A. Love . . Chas. S tr o b a c h ,S r ..

Fr ank Rogers . . Is a a c Hoskinson . . John O’ B rien . . Capt. H. Garvens . . Wesley Sm ith..

E. A. Seay . . Andrew and David Malcolm . . Judge Aaron VanWormer . . Capt. P.C. R oberts.

Alexander Orchard . . Samuel G. W illiam s . . Judge Wm. G. Pomeroy . . J.M. Craddock . .

Peter C h r is t ie . . and yet o t h e r s .

These were the vanguard o f the Rolla. Townbuilders.

R obert A. Love occu p ied the c h a ir . Peter C h ristie serred as s e c r e t a r y . By r e s o lu t io n , the group said i t fa v ored a "R o lla Savings Bank", w ith c a p it a l sto ck o f $50,000 ( 100 sh ares o f $50 ) paid up. A committee c o n s is tin g o f C.H. F ro st, E.A. Seay, Frank R ogers, John O 'B rien , Andrew Malcolm, S.G. W illiam s, Wm. G. Pomeroy, and Peter C h r is t ie was appointed to s o l i c i t and s e l l the shares.

Mrj_ J .A ._P ierce_ Starts_Phelps_ £oun_^y_Bank.- I t would seem th a t the sa le s o f v |he bank sh a res, mentioned above, met w ith no immediate su c ce s s . As a consequence, i t l e f t the f i e l d wide open f o r o u tsid e rs t o occupy - which one J . A. P ie rc e , o f Mt. < P lea sa n t, M is s o u ri, did in March o f 1870. Nine months had ela p sed during which no l o c a l l y fin a n ce d bank m atured. Mr. P ierce opened h is "Phelps County Bank" on Monday, March 5, 1870 - the v e ry f i r s t such i n s t it u t io n in R o lla . His p la ce o f business was " in the new b r ic k b u ild in g " on 8th s t r e e t , op p osite the Grant H o te l. ( The Frank Rogers b u ild in g , e it h e r at S.W. or S .E . corn er of 8th and Pine stre e ts ? 1 ) He handled d r a f t s , fo r e ig n and dom estic exchange, government bonds and s e c u r it ie s , e t c .

Faulkner^ McCoin_&_Co._ Take_Lead Far R o lla Bank.- Mr. P ie r c e 's maneuver brought t h is q u e stio n o f "home ownership" o f a R o lla bank in t o the lim e lig h t . Such outside ownership co u ld n ot be endured l i And so , twelve days fo llo w in g the opening of the P ie rce bank, the fir m o f Faulkner, McCoin & Co. announced th at IT would open a banking house on June 1, 1870. They d id n ot q u ite meet that d e a d lin e , however but by June 9th had b o u ^ it out Mr. P ie r c e . They then proceeded t o ca rry on P xerce’ s business u n t i l they co u ld reorg a n ize and have a room in the new Malcolm b r ic k busin ess block, then b ein g co n s tru cte d sane f i f t y f e e t e a st o f the immediate n orth ea st corn er of 8th and Pine streets. > Original "Bank ef Rolla" I s O rg a n ize d .- The Faulkner-McCoin firm now c a lle d a m e e U ^ f ^ t e ^ a d RolIa"cItIzenf for" Jure 20, 1*70, when the "BANK OF ROLLA" was formally o rg a n iz e d . N ecessary in c o rp o r a tio n papers we^ sent to s Secretary c f State. C a p ita l stock was fix e d at $ 5 0,0 00 . Cyrus H. F rost was cnosen as president David W. Malcolm as s e c r e ta r y , Robert P. Faulkner as treasurer and D ir e c t o r s named were Hugh McCoin. .I s a a c Hoskinson . . David and Andrew Mal! R obtt ? ! S u l S T r . . S.G. m ilia rn s ..O ther heavy sto ck h o ld e rs were E .A .Seay . .

D aniel W. Faulkner . . Wm. G. Pomeroy . . and S .J . T aylor, a mire o p e ra to r.

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- 71 -

The new bank opened on J u ly 4 , 1870, and by October 6 , 1870, had rented quarters in the new Malcolm h r ic k , f i f t y fe e t p lu s ea st o f n orth ea st corn er o f 8 th and Pine s t r e e t s . Faulkner, McCoin & Co. took most o f the $50,000 in c a p it a l stock .

As o f Ju ly 13, 1871, the b a n k 's t o t a l a s s e t s were said t o be $72,573.21 - equal to the l i a b i l i t i e s .

Pa id in c a p it a l stock was $ 3 7 ,1 0 0 .7 2 . D e p o sits were $ 1 8 ,1 9 0 .1 6 . ... . • ^ i a— —a£H_Goe;s R a t i o n a l l_1_- There were c e r t a in advantages in being a N a tion a l bank, under th e C on g ression a l laws o f I 864 . The R o lla Bank's management th e re fo re d e cid e d to re o rg a n ize as such a "n a t io n a l” bank. The change took p la ce on August 21, 1871, when the name was changed to the "N ational Bank o f R o lla " . Under that name, t h is bank con tin u ed in b u sin e ss fo r the next s ix t y years ard more. Capi­ t a l s to c k was fix e d at #50,000, paid up. Cyrus H. F rost continued as p re sid e n t, R obt. P* Faulkner as c a s h ie r , David Malcolm as a s s is ta n t ca sh ie r and s e cr e ta ry .

Andrew Malcolm was v ic e p r e s id e n t. D ir e c to r s were Hugh McCoin, C.H. F ro st, David W. Malcolm, A lexander Demuth, Frank Deegan, Isa a c Hoskinson, Joseph Campoell, E.W.Bishop, and A lb e rt Sydney Long.

The l o c a t io n contin ued in the Malcolm b u ild in g , sotre f i f t y f e e t e a st o f the n orth ea st co rn e r of 8 th and Pine s t r e e t s .

Two items o f s p e c ia l in t e r e s t are th ese: ( l ) By fe d e r a l law, t h is bank, li k e oth ers o f the time, was au th orized t o have p r in t­ ed, and to is s u e , i t s own bank_notes ( paper money ) which, a d v e rtis in g R o lla , c i r ­ cu la ted a l l over the w est and southw est; ( 2 ) While many another bank f a i l e d during the n a t io n a l fin a n c ia l p a n ic o f 1873, t h is R o lla bank remained as s o lid as the Rock o f G ib r a lt a r - d oors wide open.

As showing the growth o f the bank during the next 17 y ea rs, we c i t e these fig u r e s as o f 1888: C a p ita l s to c k , $50,000, paid up. R esources, #233,951*87Surplus, $1 0 , 0 0 0 . Undivided p r o f i t s , #9,227*45* N ational bank n o te s, $ 27 , 0 0 0 .

Check d e p o s it s , $ 8 6 , 2 7 7 *8 8 . Demand c e r t i f i c a t e s , $5 1,4 46 .5 4 - T ota l l i a o i l i t i e s , $233,951*87* The_ H o lla S tock l a r d s . - As we hare sa id , Phelps County farm ers were r a is in g a co n s id e r a b le amount o f s to c k .

The A tla n tic & P a c if ic r a ilr o a d through town was, as e a r ly as 1870 or b e fo r e , hauling many ca rloa d s o f c a t t l e , sheep, and hogs through town. As a sample o f l o c a l a c t i v i t y , M essrs. J o ice and S t i f f , during July, 1871, load ed 20 ca rlo a d s o f c a t t l e at R o lla , and shipped them t o S t . L o u is. In Ju ly e f 1874, a drove o f 500 c a t t l e went through town on h o o f, going to Iowa. During one day in November, 18 7 2 , 171 ca rlo a d s o f c a t t l e were hauled through town by the r a i l ­ road. The c a t t le were coming a l l the way from Texas and Oklahoma and southwest M issou ri.

The M u ltitu d e 0 f_ C a ttle P cseJP roblem .- A very r e a l d i f f i c u l t y fa ced both the r a ilr o a d and the c a t t le owners d oin g t h is amount o f sh ip p in g . Coming from such long d is ta n c e s , w ith ou t adequate fe e d in g and but l i t t l e w ater, the stock was in no con­ d it io n f o r p r o f i t a b l e s a le when i t reached S t . L o u is . And so i t tra n sp ired that the A & P r a ilr o a d o ffe r e d to e s t a b lis h a su ita b le s to c k yard in R o lla , provided the town would p rocure and donate a s u ita b le te n -a cre t r a c t of land plus a bonus o. $ 1 ,0 0 0 . The c i t y Townbuilders a ccep ted the o ffe r on March 20, 1873 , ^ the yards were soon in o p e r a tio n .

The land donated took in the area we now c a l l O il C ity .

Part o f i t was in the NW£ o f SW4 and the SW£ o f NW^ of S e c. 1 (T .3 7 8 ) , ly in g noro o f M isso u ri Avenue, and w est o f Holloway s t r e e t extended. A seeond t r a c t took m F r is c o Pond, o f which 7 a cre s E.W. Bishop owned 3*2 a cre s and -V.J.C. Taylor 3.8 a cre s .

The e n t ir e d on a tion com prised 17 a c r e s . The f i r s t t r a c t d e scrib e d , o f ten a cres, was taken from tte Peter C h ristie farm , e a st o f the F r is c o tr a c k s . To g et F ris co pond water t o t h is t r a c t , p ip es and pumps were in s t a lle d . n m -rr n-p 1 avq the Yards were in o p e ra tio n . They could handle 40 ca rloa d s o f

By May o f l 8 73, estim ated that 3 00 ,00 0 c a t t le would be brought c a t t l e a t one tim e. For 1873 , i t was estim au £ > was fchis: c a t tle ^ ^ t o g e th e r Uw i t h ^ >136 <^s4 ephandChogs and watered i t b o a r d s I h it e ^ S ip r is e o f co u rse , a co n s id e ra b le market f o r county-produced hay and grain s - a boon in d u s try f o r b o th county and c i t y .

CVM 8/31/69

1870*s

- 72 -

..

Ihe L°S.al I ro n ^ - As a lre a d y recorded , the Maramec Iron Works in southeast h e lp s County, begun in 1826 and producing smelted ir o n by 1829, was the g c tiv e mining e n t e r p r is e which enabled Phelps County to b id and secure tte M issou ri chool of Mines in 1870. Not so w e ll known i s tte f a c t that from 1869 to 1876 and later, c o n s id e r a b le ir o n mining was done in the area extending e i ^ i t m ile s south and s ix m ile s w est o f R o lla - p a r t ic u la r ly in the area s ix m iles south and s ix west. _ *s 186?> a tto rn e y s W illiam C. K e lly and Aaron Van Wormer had a mine in Section 20 (. T . 3 “7 - 8 ) i miles south and 3g west of Rolla. They sold this t h i _ mine, __ of questionable worth, to their fellow townsman, John W. Livesay, for $13,000 11 Near by was the J.M. Taylor mine, and tte Schinkowsky mine, which was bought by Senator Buckland, of S t. Louis, fcr $8,000. By 1870, a ll of these mines were ship­ ping.9re through Rolla to St. Louis. Another mine, the Moselle No. 10, was located in the NWtj of NE^ of Sec. 20 ( T.36—8 ). This was some 8 miles south and 4 west of Rolla. During the 1950*s, i t was re—opened and from i t largp quantities of pyrite ores were taken and shipped to St. Louis. The ore was permeated with sulphuric acid. ^n_Addition To_The_Foregoing , tte iron mine of most importance was the Beaver Creek p it, in the S j of Sec. 33 ( T. 37 - 8 ) - 2^ miles west and 5 south of Rolla - a mile due west from the "Cool Brook" swimming pool on Highway 63 , south. This mine was opened and worked in 1872, at a time when the Maramec Iron Works, operated by William James and associates, had practically ceased operations. Wanting new iron supplies for the new Ozark Furnace alongside the Frisco railroad two miles below Newburg, The James associates opened tte Beaver mine - and fouixi i t so productive that they incorporated an independent railroad company, joined to the Frisco at Newburg and extending up L ittle Piney and the Beaver branch to the mine. Though incorporated to go on south to L ittle Rock, Arkansas, the line never built beyond the Beaver Creek mine.

By December of 1872, this Beaver Creek mine had shipped, for tte preceding month of November, 123 carloads of iron ore throu^i Rolla to S t. Louis. The record from October of 1872 to September, 1873, was 34,118 tons of ore. This mine, with the others named, seemed to warrant the building of another smelting furnace by the Maramec proprietors —W illi an and Anvil James and the Robert G. Dun family, So it transpired that these interests purchased lands in Sections 20 and 21 ( T.37—9), which took in the future site of Alhambra Grotto Park. Here they built the Ozark Furnace, already mentioned. I t was formally "blown in" on June 10, 1874* Disaster followed. The casting house burned. The mortgage notes became due, interest could not be paid, The Dun family decided that i t had invested enou^i funds in the James enterprises. And so tte mine and the furnace plant were taken over by foreclosure, and the ownership went to tte Knotwell Company.

The Knotwell concern re—opened the Furnace plant, but after a short tine closed it for good. During the furnace's best days, i t smelted some 25 tons of cast ir o n p er d a y . „ . ... , . , The furnace was on the immediate north s h e of the Frisco railroad tracks, at tte mouth of a gulch or valley coming in from the north. This spot was the former site of the "York" post office and stage station. I t now took the name of "Ozark", which was also tte name of the post office . A commodious two-story brick store building was built across tte tracks In 1373 - and on the day the furnace opened ( June*10, 1874), a notable morning breakfast was served in this store. Numbers of prominent socialites and o ffic ia ls from Rolla and St. James attended, along with members of the W illi an "arras fam ilies. 0n an earlier J ^ y 29, 1874, a more colorful event - an evening ball - was staged in the store to celebrate its formal opening. Handsorraly costumed men and women, both from Rolla and from St.

James, in itia l headquarters for tte Amy sta ff planning and ouildJLng Fort Leonard Wood in 1941, the building was fin a lly destroyed by fire on ------------

CVM Sept. 1/69

1870*s

- 73 -

F in al Q u an tities_0 f Iron J)re_Shipped J u ocally. - The follow ing taoulations show U ; at l e f t - the tons of ore shipped during the one year from October, 1872 to September, 1873* (2 ) At r ig h t, the to ta l and f in a l production of these mines as of the year 1 9 1 3 . ( l ) For The Year 1872-7?________ The Beaver Greek Mine ..3 4 ,1 1 8 tons Buckland Mine ................... 1 ,7 0 0 Taylor Mine .......................

56 Jerome .................................... ^4 Totals ...3 5 ,9 1 9 tons

(2 ) Total Production To 1913__________ Beaver Creek Mine .............. 49,000 tons Buckland Mire .....................

5, 500 K elly Mine (in 1 8 -3 6 - 8 ) .

3 ,0 0 0 Moselle #10 ( in 2 0 -3 6 -8 ) 1 0 .0 0 0 ...........................................

67 ,5 0 0 tons

THE FINANCIAL PANIC 0F_187^_.- This national d isa ste r ended mining in the Rolla area — although, as we have indicated, the James in te r e sts s t i l l believed the business could survive and be profita b le . Scattered mining was done in the area throughout the la t t e r 1 8 7 0 's ; but, with the Maramec ard the Ozark-Knotwell furnaces, declined almost t o t a l l y a fte r I 8 8 5 .

The mining in te re sts were not the only enter­ p rises that su ffered from the e f f e c t s of the panic. Many land owners, farmers and merchants, had mortgaged th e ir property, and could not meet th eir scheduled in te re st payments . The current newspapers were f u l l o f le g a l advertisements n otifyin g the public o f impending s h e r if f sa les of such property.

Concerns such as the Gerrish Wagon Factory succumbed. Only the most prosperous, t h r if t y firms and persons were aDle to surmount th is calam ity.

A Cat_alo£ Of_M inor_Industries_.- For a short time in 1872, Messrs. Forse and Bonnell operated a planing m ill in the Gerrish th re e -sto ry wagon shop b u ild in g . They made door and window frames, and m illed many kinds of wood moulding.

They surfaced and sized the rough pine lumber brought to R olla from the upper reaches of the Big Piney r iv e r , and the hardwood oaks and hickory obtained from lo c a l fo r e s ts . Daniel Chamberlain had another, but sm aller, planing m ill at or near 4th and Oak s tr e e ts .

Messrs. J .G . Bpadish and J .L . Heintz had carpenter shops. H eintz's shop, ju s t south of tte Chamberlain stone house at 6th and Olive s t r e e t s , caught f i r e and burned, destroying not only the bu ildin g, but many valuable t o o ls .

Camillus G. Joody, the long-tim e clerk of the School Board, seems to have been the town's most capable maker of cabinets and c o f f in s .

From the town's beginnings, Frank Rogers had been the town's tinsm ith. A brick b u ild in g , ca lle d the "Rogers B u ild in g ", existed at the time the R olla bank was chartered. We cannot be certain whether the building was at the southwest corner or the southeast corner of 8th and Pine . We favor the southwest corner, now the Scott Drug store corner, where a cigar factory was once lo ca te d . Rogers expanded h is business to include a store at LeDanon, but this eviden tly brought aoout h is b a n k ru p tcy ... In Rolla, he sold the "Charter Oak" stoves, along with a l l kinds of tinware. „ „ „ . . . . , „ The two O'Brien brothers, along with John P. Kaine, had harness shops of much e x c e lle n c e .

John O'Brien served several terms as c it y councilman, and Kaine served both as mayor ard as a long-time member of the school board. ^He was the father of tte la t e Charles Schuman's w ife, mother of John and Toots Schuman.

Beniamin C ulbertson,S r. , with William Lepper and John S. Parker (negro) manufacturedand s .ld boots and shoes. Messrs. Sid Lang and W ilson, together n ith Sdnard Woelk, made cigars from lo c a ll y grown tobacco. They had a payroll o f *200 per »eek

saloons , much too numerous, ntmufactured --d r u n k s !

dis cose red the prank, they fir e d him * 5 0 .0 0 and c o sts of sore * 4 5 . 0 0 .

Mr. Fred

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1870*s

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- ° - ai Manu|a2.ture 0 f _ B r ic k .- Relevant reports stated that the surface s o i l over much o f the Ro_tla townsite possessed good brick-making p rop erties. Certain i t is that f a i r l y good t o p -s o i l brick was made in R olla«s e a r lie s t days. Tobias Heimberger had the f i r s t brick yard - on south Pine s tr e e t, near Highway 72. His brick, the f i r s t ever made in R olla, can be seen in the w alls of the Phelps County Court House. Other b ric k , lo c a ll y made, was used in the w alls of the "R olla B uilding" on the Schoo^. oi Mines campus, and in w alls of the old Mechanical H a ll. Another yard, located near the junction o f Highway 63 and In terstate (c ity ) Route 44, produced the brick used to b u ild the old Central School, where now stands the West Elementary school, 6th and Main s t r e e t s .

In 1882, the old brick Crandall Hotel ( la te r the El Carney ) , at west side of the Frisco ra ilro a d , north side of* 8th str e e t, was b u ilt of lo c a l b r ic k .

This old b u ild in g was demolished in 1962. A f in a l example of lo c a l brick use - and there are many more - may be seen in the walls of the Grant Apartments, 8th and Pine s t r e e t s .

Stone Quarrres_ard_Lim2_ Manufacture^.- In modern times, but l i t t l e stonework is dene around R o lla . Brick and cement, made by large manufactories, are shipped in .

This was not so in the 1870’ s .

Numerous stone foundations may s t i l l be seen in R olla - notably at Norwood H a ll, on the U.M.R. campus. The old Daniel Chamberlain residence, southeast corner of 6th and Olive s t r e e t s , i s wholly constructed of lo c a l stone.

The. P rincipal Stone_Thus_ Used for foundation work was the calcium-magnesium limestone - "d o lo m ite" - taken from the geologic formation known as the "Jefferson C ity" 1i me stone . Numbers of quarries of th is m aterial were opened, close in about R olla.

The School o f Mines experimental mine southwest of town was driven in to th is formation.

The Frisco railroa d had extensive quarries inside the h a lf mile west of the School’ s mine, from which stone was taken fo r the Frisco bridge across the Gas­ conade r iv e r at A rlington - and for bridges on the F risco’ s Mis souri-Arkansas lin e joining M0n e tt to Van Buren and Texas. One such dolomite quarry was covered up when the H ollid a y Inn was b u ilt down the west slope of Fairground H i l l .

These quar­ ries made use o f the old method of s p lit t in g out ( or o f f ) of portions of stone of desired shape and s iz e .

A row of d r i l l holes outlined the block.

The portion was then cracked or s p l i t o f f by driving s t e e l wedgss in to the h o les. Present writers observed th is process at the H olliday Inn quarry before i t was covered up.

Another Type_0f Stone, lo c a ll y called "co tto n rock ", was much used for window s i l l s and door l i n t e l s , aLso fo r trim .

Cotton rock was of fin e r grain than dolomite, ard made nice cut stone b lo ck s.

Several quarries of this m aterial were opened near R o lla - one being at the center of Section 10 ( T .3 7 -8 ), immediately west of the old Fair Ground h i l l .

There were also ledgs s of fin e-g ra in ed , w ell cemented sandstone, used fo r cu ttin g and shaping g r is t m ill burrs (grinding sto n e s).

Lime_Manufacture.- In the town’ s ea rly days, there had to be lime for making p la s te r . Numbers of good lin e stone outcrops e x ist around R olla - an excellen t example being the Bray lin e stone quarry alongside Highway 63, some three m iles south of R o lla . W illia m Joice, R o lla ’ s e a r lie s t lime manufacturer, found such an out­ cropping, ard burned the stone in to quicklim e.

Tom p la ste re rs including T° b_la s _ Heimnereer M. C o ste llo , and a Mr. Moore, used such lime to fin is h ofi the w alls o_ tte County*Court House, the Grant _apartments , the R olla b u ilding on School of Mines campus, and yet o tte r R olla b u ild in g s.

Q uantities of Goods Shipped From_Rolte,_ 1 8 2 3 .- We may close th is sketch of b u i n e s ! S d I n d u I to iT l-a c tiv I ty with the .record o f various *

, , ^ a x, p a^ OVSr ^ n ' l g A Q * with such b u sin e ss i n 19 60 ca rlo a d s o f f l o u r . . 565 D ..

f a ilr c a d during the year 1873. In te r e s tin g t o compare « T h S were thus skipped ou t: 137 carload s o f s t o c k ., • •••'^ ^ and " s h ip - s t u f f s " . . 20 tons o f tons o i . co u n tie s south o f R o lla ( as Oregon,

S l / S d Q t k r l ) T lO tin s o f P ^ a to e s .B 130 tons of ^scaX lan eou s goods. carloads of stock were unloaded and fed at tte Rolla stock yards.

116

NEW CARBONS CVM Sep 1 /6 9

1870';

- 75 -

The Grant Ho^el P ro je c t..- During the post C iv il War days,

T fl

l M ?6 l»

Iround ar und Sth and

the 1860*s

h° - elS„ ^ , ROlla’ ±nClUlinE the °ld P« n s yi TOnia hL

dunivin H otel,

there

‘;

and the John Webber H otel, on 4th s tr e e t ju s t

W6re ^ " ° ld tOVm" t e l r i e s • Over in tte "new town" area, ine - and at tte northwest corner of 8th and Pine - was tte old

S: Hf dlng d° ^ le lo g hotel 1010,01 as " The Qrant House".

This had, by 1875, seen i t s b est days and needed replacement. M . Hiram Shaw, another of these intrepid Townbuilders, had acquired i t in 1869, and now decided that the time had ca re .'

Ron T o l ^ n J aS N0Zem5 er 18’ 1875’ Mr‘ Sfew called a meeting of those stalw art o lla -ownbuilders - to discuss the formation cf a h o te l stock company. Here was

the group th a t s ta r te d th e b a l l r o l l i n g : Hiram M. Shaw - A .S. Long - David Malcolm Aleac. Demuth - Cyrus H. F rost - Sami. G. W illiam s - E.M. Clark - Jeremiah S . French y . bawh i l l ( a r c h i t e c t - b u il d e r ) - E .D . M ansfield - G.W. R u ffin - H.M. Devens ( p a in te r ) - J .G . B radish ( ca rp e n te r-co n tra c t e r ) - E.D.W. Hatch.

By January 15, 1876, t h is group had organized the R o lla H otel Company, w ith c a p it a l sto ck o f $25»000. Other Townbuilders had now jo in e d the o r ig in a l group. These included Joseph Campbell - Andrew Malcolm - E .A . Seay - L. Thompson - E lija h P erry - E .J .

M o rris.

The company o f f i c e r s were: H.M. Shaw, p re sid e n t —- E.M. Clark, se cr e ta ry — David Malcolm, t r e a s u r e r . D ir e c t o r s were H.M. Shaw - J.B . S aw h ill - A lex . Demuth E.M. Clark - and David W. Malcolm.

The old h o te l l o t ( Lot 8, Blk. 54 ) was enlarged by buying a 1 3 -fo o t str ip on the w est, making the 8th s tr e e t frontage 70 f e e t .

The 3 -s to r y brick building now erected had a 7 0 -fo o t frontage on Pine stre e t ( plus a la te r addition, 1888, measuring 40 fe e t on Pine s t r e e t , with depth of 75 fe e t ) .

A rch itect-b u ild er J .B .

Sawhill drew the plans and served as general contractor.

Before the new work could commence, tte old double-log structure had to be torn down.

This was accomplished during the period A p ril 6 to 20, I 8 7 6 . The new work was then sta r te d .

J .B . Sawhill did a l l the woodwork and framing for $ 3 ,5 0 0 .

Chris Mintner la id the stone foundations for $ 1 ,3 2 5 John M itch ell and his partner, Mr. F ie ld s , la id the brick fo r $ 1 ,5 0 0 .

Thomas Scott burned lo c a l brick fo r $7-50 per thousand.

J .F . Dumont excavated the basement fo r 35<£ per cubic yard. Tobias Heimberger p lastered tte w alls for 15£ per square yard. And E .J . Morris put on the tin ro o f fo r $10 per square ( 100 sq . f t . ) .

The building was p r a c tic a lly completed by the end cf October, 1876.

This structure, plus the north-side addition of 40 f e e t , s t i l l stands as of 1969.

I t survived a l l of R olla*s great f i r e s , including the one of July 4th , 1881, just across Pine stre e t to the e a s t.

And i t became the center of m ultitudes of R olla*s p rin cip al o f f i c i a l and s o c ia l a f f a ir s .

E arly Machines_Arri_Aopliances, Used_By Housewives Jted_Farmers. - Spinning wheels, weaving looms, co ffe e grinders, cast iron k e t t le s , w affle iron s, sad irons were found in the very e a r lie s t Phelps county homes. Absent u n til ju st after C iv il War days were tte more modern sewing and washing machines, and tte a r t is t ic designs cf stoves, such as tte Charter Oaks. Along with the many improvements made in farm machinery, there appeared new and better machinery and appliances for tte housewife. ^ fQr in sta n ce . From e a r lie s t years, crude iron stoves, consisting of s ix f l a t sla b s b olted together, ted bean made at Maramec I f ° n^ ° ^ s .

The old time fir e p la c e with i t s suspended cast iron k e ttle s had about served th eir time. No* there appeared more a r t i s t i c , more u se fu l modern s t y le s , exemplified by the -t e r t e r O ^ l i S ^ h i c h soon be came a c l a s s i c , both in kitchen pattern, and in parlor h eaters.

Frank Rogers, R olla tinsm ith and hardware man, introduced tte Charter Oak iin e

wittl it s

corrugated z in = s u r f a « .

was - r c i t e s s

HAD to be a b e t t e r way ! Frank Rogers and other R o lla meron womens* hands. There „,i machine Tte l a t t e r had chants brought in C a lk in 's "Champion" washer, and "D oty’ s machine.

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1870‘ s

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those6 o ld "^rubber ^ oT*f ^ S° ld f ° r $ l 4 ‘ For * 9 .0 0 you could buy one of those o ld r u b b e r -r o ll cloth es wringers which, when tte r o l l s d isin tegrated so that the handte would not operate tte dinged thing, you could swear your h ill o f f l ,, t — were r e la t iv e ly new items in households of 1870. I t was then t a several e a r ly designs and models were brought to R o lla . One of the f i r s t was the "F lo r e n c e ", offered by Rolla merchant "X ". 5oth i t and tte "Weed" m c h S e " t t e "W ilson Shi HM SM3dvi: bM the Rolla Hera^ e d ito r. In 1872, L .F . Scherpe offered thu . ,, d Machlne at & 50.00. Benjamin Culbertson, S r ., was s e llin g the m uch_betu.e^ Singer machine in 1871. And in 1879, merchant "X " dispensed tte "New V ictor . Tte New Home was a late comer, but a good machine. ...A nd in 1876, over in rranee, they were making a typewriter that would type 300 words per minute. I t had ju st been inrente d.

Pian_os_Ana_Or_gans_ may not be classed as "machines" — but they ce rta in ly in te r e s te d housew ives. And so we record th a t, as e a r ly as I 869, Jeremiah S. French & C o., o p e ra tin g R o lla ’ s drug store, sold pianos made by William Pond & Co. The store a ls o s o ld v i o l i n s , band and m usical instruments in general. ..P r o f . Amos. J. Richardson, e a r ly R olla school and music teacher, sold pianos and organs made by Chase and 6 abcock, and a lso featured the "Mathushek" piano. A R olla agent of Veihle & M ills , of S t . Louis, offered "Chickering" and "Steinway" pianos - the "A rion" piano and the "E ste y " cottage organ. Mason and Hamlin organs - cream of the crop - sold at $50 f o r the fo u r -o c t a v e model - $100 to $125 for tte fiv e -o cta v e s iz e . In Kansas, Mrs. M argaret E . Mann, mother of one o f present w riters, had such a fiv e -o cta v e model.

In R o lla , James H. S c o tt, father of the two music-master sons Homer and John W ., made and sold h is R olla design o f "m elodians".

Ma£hine_s_FOT_The_Men. - The men were in terested in e a r ly designs of such mach­ ines as f i e l d plows, mowers, reapers, sorghum m ills , grain d r i l l s , steam engines, hay ra k es, "p it c h fo r k s ", threshing machines, feed grinding m ills - and, believe i t or not - in lawnjnowers I In 1869, Frank Rogers sold the celebrated "Vulcan" cast plows. The same year, "R u sse ll" mowers and reapers, and "M a sillo n " threshing machines were sold in R olla.

Three R o lla agents sold "Bucheye S ta te" mowers and reapers - W .J.C . Taylor, Livesay and Son, E . S o est and Brother. The Livesay firm handled the "K irby" two-wheeled mowers - threshing machines made by "Altman & Taylor'1, and by " P i t t s " . The Livesays said they handled everything from steam engines down to p itch fork s, seed d r i l l s , and sorghum m i l l s . E. Soest and B rotter dispensed Taylor’ s "Sulky" rake, and John Deere’ s "Moline" p lo w s. In R o lla , John Massie made and sold his "Premium" lin e of plows.

In 1874, the firm of Sample, Birge & Co., of o t . Louis, through a R olla agent, o ffe re d the "C hallenge" feed grinding m ills - made at Batavia, I l l i n o i s , in the "Challenge Windmill P lan t" where Dr. Mann worked in 1900. And in 1876, i f you had a lawn, you cou ld get an "E x c e ls io r " lawn mower, hand powered model, for $14 - or a horse powered m odel for $200. I f you needed a windmill, you could get a champion in R o lla . Fred Strobach hate led tte " H i l l s " hay stacker and b u ll rakes, ate Mr. E.W. Bishop bought R o lla ’ s f i r s t hay press.

In 1876, the celebrated "V ib ra to r" threshing machines, made by the N ich olsShepard Co. cf B attle Creek, Michigan, reacted R olla. That company sold 1 ,0 0 0 of these machines in 1876.

This was widely used, and was perhaps the most popular mod 1 for the next too decades. But i t had a number of f i e r c e f competitors, among which was the " B u f f a l o -P i t t s " , the "A very", and the " J . I . Case models. „d „ Th-i c, m fh o ls —Sheoard "V ibrator" machine was the v e r ita b le boyhood dream

gotten sounds.

There were s t i l l other sorts * sh eller s and w e ll d r i l l s - but the loregoin g w o f the R o lla area from 1865 to 188U.

SUch as tte horse powered corn

sS“ f vd : s% aHp l e S used by tte Tamers

CVM 7/21/69 ■

(a)

- 77 EARLIEST ROLLA NET'SPAPERS Years 186O_-_1380

,

i

~a- ^°Hr_% w spapers,_Yea£s 1 8 6 0 -1 8 8 0 .- During the period from 1860

UP i S S r f

SU? i ne^ Sp£perS/1,e™ p u blish ed .—in term itten tly , ~in RoSa^°^The°four°^ E T T i L i 860 ‘ ° 9 75 5' the H° l l a ite" ^ d < 1866 t o l k ( 1875 t o S i ) 2 a l i t ^ T t0 ^ Very i r r e 8U la fly ) , and the R o lla hew

eL

n

l he | o i l a Ex£res s was an offsp rin g of the old Central Missourian, founded

on December 25th, 1858, or on January 1, 1859, by Charles P. Walker" I t was pubUshed at Vienna, county seat of Maries county, M issouri. Of th is Central M issourif 1’ r® ar® av5;1} a b lf» a® lve wrifce> three issu e s: V o l .l , No. 10, Feb. 26, 1859; Vo1 . 2, No. 35, O ct. 24, I8 6 0 ; and V o l.3 , No. 6, Apr. 24, 1861. The four pages in these issu es measure 10v x 14 inches.

They carry fiv e columns. Publication was every Wednesday.

Sack-dating V o l. 1, No. 10, by using weekly issu e s, i t would appear that No. 1 was published on Wednesday, December 25, 1858 - a somewhat unlikely day. No. 2 would thus have been issued on January 1, 1859. I t is altogether pos­ sib le that Mr. Walker issued V ol. 1, No. 1 on January 1 s t, 1859, and that some’ number between that and No. 10 was put out on a non-weekly b a s is . In any event, these f a c t s in d icate that January 1 s t, 1859, was eith er the date of the founding of the Central M issourian, or that i t had been founded a week e a r lie r , on Christmas day o f 1858. Charles P. Walker was e d ito r, proprietor, founder.

V °l. 1

Ibe_R£lla_Express_Is_ Founded.- The f i r s t issue of the Rolla Sxpres^, as

released or published in R olla, was Volume 1, No. 3, for July 30 "^Monday) of I860.

Back-dating, th is would indicate that V ol. 1, No. 1, was dated July 16, 1360. These issues were printed at Vienna, on presses of the Central Missourian, but the Rolla o ffic e with i t s own presses was established very sonn afterward. This e a r lie s t issue, with those up to Nov. 15, 1862, was a four-page tab loid , page size 12x18 inches, f iv e column. The annual subscription price was 4 1 .5 0 . As Union troops arrived in R olla on and a fte r July 7th , 1861, the Express, with aid of sold iers who were a ls o newspaper men, printed the "Camp Sweeney Spy" and " Our Regiment".

Late in 1861, the Express" printed a "D a ily express" e d itio n . This was d istrib u ­ ted throughout town and camp by c a r r ie r s. But expenses exceeded revenu^s^ jo .th is , was discontinued in December. We have one single issue of the " D a i l y " ,' Dec’. 2 ? ; 1 8 6 1 .

On A p r il 28, 1862, c o -in c id e n t w ith the death o f h is w ife (nee Jane McMinn), Mr. Walker arranged for' Henry L ick t o a ct as a s s o c ia te e d it o r . The paper continued as a fo u r-p a g e t a b lo id until"November 15 , 186 2 , at which time expenses had mounted, su b scrip tion s had d ecrea sed , and Mr. Walker*s o f f i c i a l m ilit a r y d u tie s in te r fe r e d with e d it in g . For such reasons, the number o f pages per issu e was cut from fou r to two. This con tin u e d up to the issu e o f May 9 , 1863 ( V o l.3 , N o.28, Saturday ) when p u blica tion would appear t o have ceased. At least,_ that i s the la s t issue now available u n t i l p u b lic a t io n was resumed by Horace Wilccoc in 1865. Statements made r e la tiv e to tte 1863 d iscon tin u a n ce say th a t the Express was in that year suppressed by the m ilit a r y , because the e d it o r s , b o th "R a d ica l R epu blican s", crowded the columns with the harsh d o c t r in e s o f th a t p a rty .

The Renewed P u b lic a tio n I n _ l3 6 £ .- In January o f 1365, p u b lic a tio n of the Express was renewed by Horace W ilc o x . He was an ex-Union army o f f i c e r , ana a R adical Republican" o f v ig o ro u s p r o p o r tio n s . In h is masthead, he proclaim ed th a t he was t h f t t t e paper, under him would advocate and p r ^ o t e "R adical^ views So" 7 30

" o l ^ e n ^ b e k ^ g are such as

It is c e rta in that W ilcox numbered h is issu es in conformity with tnao _d a.

ClM j/2 1 /6 9

"Express

. (b)

- 78 -

j , V n1 B? Ckw^a t n i nS t? i S,_Express issu e o f July 31, 1865 ( V o l .5, No. 3 0 ), i t appears that V ol. 5 , No. 1 would have been p rin te d e it h e r on January 2nd or 9 th. I 865 .

The o f fa c e was in the Phelps County court house. W ilcox was named as o ro o rie t o r e d ito r , but a iir . i- .a . C o llin s was l i s t e d as "p u b lis h e r ".

The paper as then issu ed contained a r t i c l e s on p o l i t i c s , a g r ic u ltu r e , sign s of the t in e s , lit e r a t u r e , adminis­ tr a tiv e n o t ic e s , cou rt orders f o r sale of p rop erty fo r e c lo s e d or d elin qu en t in pay­ ment of ta x e s , and some few merchant advertisem ents.

I

On January o, 1866, Horace W ilcox, con tin u in g as e d it o r —p r o p r ie to r , changed the name t o i|ie_Pural_Expres_s", gave i t an e la b o r a te ly drawn "masthead" on page 1, and arranged the contents o f the tw elve—page is s u e s in to la b e le d columns devoted to m usic, p o e tr y , l i t e r a t u r e , p o l i t i c s , biograph y, h is to r y , m edicine, s c ie n ce , a r t, ed u ca tion , m ining, m arkets, and m erchants' advertisem en ts. S p e c ia l w r ite r s , in clu d in g ^ H 13 G. ^Evans, E lija h P erry, and George A. A lle n wrote some o f these columns. A llen , at the tim e, was the head o f a "R olla Hi^i S c h o o l", p r iv a t e ly owned and op era ted .

Part cf i t s cu rricu lu m in clu d e d m usic, instrum ental and v o c a l.

The page s iz e was s t i l l 12 x 18 in ch e s.

The numbers which we have at hand s t a r t w ith V o l. 1, No. 1, Jan. 6 , 1866, and end w ith V o l .l , No. 17, A p r il 28,1866.

The pages were s e r i a l l y numbered - from page 1 on January 6 th t o 181 on A p r il 28 th .

What happened a f t e r that i s n ot p re s e n tly known. These iss u e s were more in the form o f a magazine_ than the paper had e v e r been . Each iss u e seems t o have contained twelv- p ages.

Some h in t of what may have happened i s provided by the f a c t that E l l i s G. Evans, a fr ie n d o f W ilco x , and a " r a d ic a l cf r a d ic a ls " i the R a d ica l Republican party, was e le c t e d s ta te sen ator from the R o lla s e n a to r ia l d i s t r i c t in November o f 1866. Evans s h o r t ly t h e r e a ft e r , as member of the M issou ri Senate, became e d it o r o f the M is so u ri State Times. He p re s e n tly took W ilcox to J e ffe r s o n C ity with him, as a s s is ta n t e d it o r o f the Times. As o f May 7, 1869, W ilcox became c h ie f e d ito r c f the Times, w r itin g h is s a lu ta to r y on th a t date . Evans continued f o r a year or so as a sso cia te e d i t o r . W ilco x was fo r c e d out a ft e r the great s p l i t in the R ad ica l Repub­ lic a n p a rty o f 1870, and went t o Kansas City t o l i v e . In 1872 he d ecla red him self bankrupt.

We_Do Not_ P re se n tly lfoow_Nho_3uvceeded_Wilcox. We_do know that at le a s t from June o f 1867 u n t i l March 2Z o f 1868, the paper was published by "The M issouri P u b lish in g C o ." We have lea rn ed n e ith e r the e d i t o r 's name, nor who composed t h is M issou ri P u b lis h in g Co. M ilton_S antee Takes O v e r.- As o f A p r il 1, 1369, the E xpress was in the hands o f M ilton Santee - who, i t was s a id , succeeded a C o l. Day. Santee became both e d ito r and p r o p r ie t o r . He was a r e a l e s t a te agent, and a su rveyor, ro r a short time, he had been Phelps County S u rveyor. He had been a s s o cia te d with Chas. P. Walker, in and about th e v a riou s county o f f i c e s in the Court House, and was in te re s te d in county a f f a i r s . But h is c h i e f in t e r e s t , new, was in s e lli n g to p ro sp e ctiv e home owners the p u b lic lands which the Government had granted t o the various r a ilr o a d s M issou ri, Kansas and Oklahoma. He thus used the Express as an a d v e rtis in g medium.

He a ls o composed ard p rin te d a modest b o o k le t ( o f which we have copy ) d e s crib in g the la n d s he had f o r s a le , and con ta in in g a modest map.

Santee changed th e p a p e r's form at from the p rev iou s 12x18 page sia e t o 20x25 in ch es - which s iz e continued u n t i l the paper d isco n tin u e d , in 1376. His is s u e s con ta in ed fo u r pages o f t h is s iz e , e ig h t columns per page. The masthead said th a t the paper was "Devoted To Home I n t e r e s t s ' .

The one copy cf S a n te e 's iss u e s which we have is o la t e d June 27,1863. This is d esig n a ted as V o l. 9, No. 6 . B ack-datin g, t h is would in d ic a te that / o l . 9, N o .l was p u b lish ed on May 23, 1 8 6 8 . Again, the volume s e r ie s seems to have been an ex­ tension o f th a t o f the o r ig in a l is s u e s o f 1360-63- Because he and h is w ife had been d iv o r c e d , Santee l e f t R o lla and went t o C a lifo r n ia .

CVM 7/21/69

"Express" (c )

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Pe^

B a£riciaov)_Is E d i t o r T h e next that we know o f the Express i s that, 21, 1869, Perry B arricklow i s e d i t o r . He was la t e r the e d ito r of newspapers in oalem and Houston, M is so u ri. B arricklow was a Democrat - whereas 1 preceding e d i t o r s had been ardent R epu blican s. B arricklow had a hani in promoting the campaign of 1876, which asked Phelps County Court o issu e bonds in favor o f the M isso u ri S ch o o l c f M ines. As of September 29,1870, the nerald sta ted th at Bar­ rick low had so ld the Express to ohas. . McEntee, "who would again promote the F le t— cher-M cClurg R a d ica l p o l i c i e s . " But the H era ld _also said, on A pril" 13, 1871, that B arricklow had re —purchased the Exprepp, and that " f o r the la s t s ix months Charles P. Walker, o r ig in a l fou n d er, had e d ite d i t . " When B arricklow f i n a l l y l e f t i s not d e f i n i t e l y known, but i t would p rob a b ly have been sometime around October 31,1872, when Walbi*idge G. P ow ell purchased the paper. as oj. august

ila-lbridge_ G ._Ppw ell Purchase^ The_ E x p r e s s .- On November 2, 1872, Powell issu ed h is f i r s t number. In commenting, the R olla Herald sa id , " Mr. Powell is a stranger among u s. We knew l i t t l e cf him ." P ow ell had on ly l a t e l y a rriv e d in America from England, his n a tiv e la n d . That f i r s t number was la b e le d " V o l. 1 4 , No. 2 0 ". The volume number was wrong - should have heen " V o l.1 3 ". Pow ell continued the e r r o r u n t i l December 21 , 1872 , when he co rr e cte d h is numbering t o "V o l.1 3 , N o.2 7 ".

P ow ell’ s announced p o l i c i e s were to be "R epublican ", in g e n e ra l, so fa r as n a tio n a l or sta te p o l i t i c s were concerned. But l o c a l l y , in county or c i t y , he would stand f o r whoever was b e s t , or whatever was b e s t , fo r c i t y cr coun ty.

P ow ell remained as e d ito r-o w n e r o f the Express u n t il about October 1, 1874* He had bought the sm all tria n g u la r l o t a t extreme northw est corn er of 3 rd and Lain s t r e e t s , and had a shanty f o r h is o f f i c e . Now, in O ctober, 1874, he became so d is ­ gusted and angered a t the l o c a l R epublicans that he found i t u t t e r ly im possible to continue w ith the E xp ress. The R epublicans, although demanding h is p o l i t i c a l sup­ p ort, gave a l l t h e ir p r o f it a b le a d v e rtis in g and p r in tin g t o the Herald - P o w ell’ s com p etitor, and the Dem ocratic newspaper. He th e r e fo r e so ld the Express to Henry C lein o, a form er county s h e r i f f , and h is re a l e s t a t e partner, Theodore Wagner, a "sh y ste r" la w yer o f shady c h a r a c te r . C leino and Wagner would use the Express to promote th e ir r e a l e s ta te b u s in e s s . This was in ^October, 1874- For the next nine months, P cw ell remained out o f newspaper b u sin e ss, up to A p r il, 1875, when he founded and issu e d the Phelps County New Era, which we s h a ll p re s e n tly d e s c r ib e .

The Gle in o -Wagner Regim e.- Mr. C lsino had nothing to q u a lify him to be an e d ito r — and a ttorn ey Wagner did not want the jo b . So they advertised in Bt. Louis newspapers fo r " a capable young man, with good business connections, who can come to R o lla and buy part or a l l o f the R olla Express plan t, and run the paper."

I t was thus that a young man named U lr ic 4 . Liddy, fr e s h from the U.3.

Quartermaster's Department in Leavenworth, Kansas, bought an undivided h a lf in t e r e s t in the E xpress fo r " $1,100. Of t h is , he paid $450 in sp ot cash, then gave a note and c h a t t e l mortgage f o r the balance of * 6 50 . When Wagner ( the scamp ) learned that Liddy had p osse sse d but w ithheld an a d d itio n a l $150 in cash, he demanded - and got i t a ls o .

This was on October 10,1874In the E xpress cf February 25, 1875, (V o l.1 5 , No. 3 5 ), Liddy s ty le d him­ s e l f as " e d it o r Snd p r o p r ie t o r " . He had moved the o f f i c e to the second f l o o r o f the O 'B rien b r ic k s t o r e , e a s t sid e o f Pine, midway between 7 th and 8 th s tre e ts . At t h i ju n ctu re Mr. a lb rid g e P ow ell, who had bought the small l o t and shack a t northwest corner o f 3 rd and Main s t r e e t s , o ffe r e d to jo i n up with Mr. Liaay by buyxng the h a lf­ in t e r e s t s t i l l owned by C lein o and Wagner.

1ein o Pow ell would be an u n desirable partn er - so Liddy d e c lin e d . But n m .l a & e r and b iern o persuaded L id d y to buy t h e ir h a lf in t e r e s t - which he d id , with p u b lic aid t o &200 Wagner and C le in o took an $800 note f o r the b a lan ce, exten t o f ^ g 0 . ^ a g n e r and enamoured o f honesty, found i t of high ad. + n i fn ’ c l L L iddy now r e a liz e d that he had "been taken f o r a r i d e " . n o % s i b l f . a y 'i n * i c h he couM overcome the immense fin a n cia l burden he had assumed. Tims i t »a s that he " g a « up the gh ost" on August 5th, 187u. rhi l e f t the Exjores^ in C le in o 's hands.

CVM 7 /2 1 /6 9 .

Expre 5s (d )

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Modolphus^ cd r i ch_- _Fin al _Ed i tor Of Expre ss _j— As we have said, Mr. Cleino had nothing to Q u alify him as an e d it o r . He th erefore, and for a few issues after id d y l e f t , hired Peter C h ristie , a veteran R olla schoolmaster, to do tte e d it ­ ing. But that arrangement did not pay o f f . The Express was ready fo r fin a l sale.

A new buyer turned up in the person o f Mr. Rodolphus Goodrich, who owned a newspaper in M ille r county, but who a lso had been mamging and e d itin g tte "Rolla Eagle" f o r a year or more.

On November 13, 1875, Mr. Powell, in h is "New Era", said t h is : " The R olla Express of this c it y has again changed tends. Mr. Goodrich, form erly o f the M ille r county "V id ette", i s the new owner. We hope that Mr. Goodrich has en terp rise s u f f ic ie n t to make a fin a n c ia l success out o f i t . I f he does, he w ill do what a long lin e o f predecessors have fa ile d t o d o ."

I t appears that Mr. Goodrich had l e f t the M iller county "V id ette", as ea rly as 1875 or b efore - and at le a s t as e a rly as December 9th, 1875, was e d ito r o f tte R olla E agle, nut by September 16, I876, Mr. Goodrich had found i t im possible eith er to make the Express pay, or to continue it s p u b lica tio n . The New Era on that day September 16, 1876 - recorded that Mr. Goodrich - lik e the Arabs - had folded his tent and s i l e n t l y sto le n away. That was the end of tte R olla Express. ............ , o f four 'ages about 9x14 inches, Th£ Rolla^ ^ag l£ .

This diminutive l i t t l e newspaper had a short and tumult- * uous e x is te n c e . We do not presen tly have tte exact or even approximate date o f it s f i r s t is s u e s . We do know that Senator E lli s G. Evans, from the R olla s e n a t°r ia l area, had a l o t to do with i t . He may have launched i t follow in g his e x it as e d ito r o f the M issouri State Times, at J efferson C ity, as his term ended on December 31, 1870. He was lo ca te d at B oonville fc r a time, and there was about that time pub­ lish e d there a "B oon ville E agle". He may have promoted the "R olla Eagle" while liv in g in R olla the years 1867-70. His s cran book is f u l l of clip pin gs from both o f these "E a gles". Unfortunately, key dates o f issues are m issing.

We have noted that Rodolphus Goodrich was e d itin g the Eagle on December 9th of 1875, and afcgRglla. Allen Dearborn, dru ggist, was serving as associate e d ito r .

As o f March 2 ,/Dearborn severed th^sconnection. As o f May 11,1376, Goodrich was making t r ip s to h is M ille r county plant, and the Eagle was prin tin g only occasional issu e s. In June, 1876, Sen. E lli s G. Evans was w ritin g fo r tte Eagle, and A.G.Hatch, son o f p ostm istress Hatch, was manager o f the " lo c a l department". In July and again in August, 1876, the Herald said that the Eagle was p rin tin g " s i l l y poetry".

In September, 1876, the Eagle "was to be made in to a r e lig io u s paper," probably on suggestion of Sen. Evans. But on September 16, 1376, e d ito r Rodolphus "suddenly l e f t both R olla and the E agle." He "vanished". On October 12th, the paper "flapped it s wings a ft e r a two week suspension". A sample column of tte Eagle i s preserved in Sen. Evans scrap book. I t is dated trid a y , October 27,1876. As of November )uh, 1876, the Herald said that "The Eagle has now achieved i t s purpose. I t can nav la y back and r o t " . The la s t item we have as to i t s p u b lica tion is dated November 3 0 ,lc.70.

The f i n a l note recorded by the Herald as of January 25, 187/', is that the nagle plant - presumably a lso that o f the Express in which the Eagle was printed - was removed to Lebanon. And that is the "swan song" o f the R olla nagle.

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CV. ;7/22/69 !

R.N.Era ( l )

- 81 -

i

Powell.

1875-

_kn2. j_Rel2.s_w_ou.r1tv New wr\a was founded, owned, and published by Vv'allbridge J. The f i r s t issue ( 1 0 I.I, No. 1 ) came from the press on Saturday, A pril 17,

As me bare w ritten elsewhere, Mr. Powell, a native o f England, had la t e ly come t o America. Before coming to R olla , he had at le a s t landed in New Orleans, and had spent some l i t t l e time there . By October, 1872, he had cane to R o lla , and from then to October of 1874 had ed ited the old R olla Express.

Then, as of October, 1874, he became h ighly disgusted and angered because the R o lla and Phelps county Republicans - while demanding h is p o l i t i c a l and e d ito r ia l support - at the same time gave th eir paid ad vertisin g and fin a n c ia l support to the R olla Herald, the mouthpiece of the Democrats, and his h o s tile opponent. He there­ fore qu it the Impress. and, buying the fr a c t io n a l l o t 6 o f block 7, at the immediate northwest corner of 3rd and Main streets - at south end o f the Main s tr e e t bridge busied him self with things other than newspapers fo r the next nine months. I t was then that, in A p ril, 1875, he founded the New Era, as we hare said .

We can give some idea o f what the "Era" was lik e by l i s t in g a few d e ta ils below, such as volume and issue numbers, pages and th e ir s iz e , number o f columns, o r ig in a l and changing names fo r the period during which iu,r. Powell remained as e d itor and owner.

Volume 1 was published on Saturdays, ’which remained the p u b lica tion day throughout the Powell regime. The f i r s t issue was V o l.l, No. 1, which appeared on A pril 17, 1875. Tt had four pages, s iz e 13x19 inches, with fiv e columns per page.

The o r ig in a l name was "The Phelps County New Era". The su b scrip tion p rice was 41 per year. These d e t a ils continued through volumes 2 and 3« For Volume 4, No. 1 ( Saturday, A p r il 13, 1878) the page size was enlarged to 14x22 inches, with s ix columns per page. The t i t l e dropped the "Fhelps County", and became "The New E ra".

Volume 5 was o f lik e form at. As Volume 6 began ( No. 1, A p ril 10,1880 ), Mr. Powell again changed format to four pages 20x25 inches in s iz e , eigh t columns per page. The name i s then changed to read " The R olla New Era" - which name i t re tained to the end o f Mr. P ow ell’ # conduct o f the paper, in March o f 1897.

As f o r plant lo c a tio n , the New Era was printed in the modest shack at 3rd and Main s tr e e t s u n t il November 11, I876. I t was then moved to temporary frame b u ild in gs along the north side of 6th s tr e e t, between Pine and R olla s tr e e ts . When Mr. Powell had completed the tw o-story b rick , with basement, which yet (1969) stands at the immediate northwest corner of 6th and Pine s tr e e ts , the presses were moved in to the basement, and continued there as long as the Powell fam ily retained owne rsh ip .

In founding the New Era, Mr. Powell broke away from both the R adical Re­ publican and the Democratic p a rties - c a lle d his paper 'independent . — 1880 he espoused the cause o f the new national "Greenback P arty". He sta ted that he hooed to wipe out the intense lo c a l , s e ctio n a l s t r if e raging between the county Republican ard Democratic p a r tie s . He wanted the paper to be a high cla ss lo c a l, independent paper, fea tu rin g abundant lo c a l news. In that he c e rta in ly achieved eminent su cce ss . His e d it o r ia ls and "quips" or s a t ir ic a l item s_enriched the columns.

He was never a fr a id , or relu cta n t, to e x p r e s s e s personal opinions, and often b i t t e r ly denounced those who opposed him or h is p o l ic ie s . tie close tnis sketcn -t a copy o f his "sa lu ta tio n " o f A p ril 17, 1875= _ . p .

"In presenting th is l i t t l e Journal to the c itiz e n s of Phelps County, far their con sid era tion and support, i t is our -M en tion to advocate « q^ J ^ ^ x p e n s e parts o f the county. We sh a ll not s. ek to b u ild up one section o f i t at the expense S f the oth ers. 0u^ paper w i l l favor aid earn estly advocate any measure fchat tends to ,. ,, To n " i-avTtion I t w i l l oppose the issuance of bonds for any an- a l l r e lie v e the people oi taxation . their cre d it tends to retard purposes, firm ly b e lie v in g that c o ^ u n it ie s ^ ° a n in ^ the ire ^ r v,m be str c t ly S S e S S t T T J b p S m i a o r g ^ S a t io n - t h f u j tte p u b l i c reserves t t e r ig h t to S t o S S ^ d l d ^ c e the p o l i t i c a l in te re s ts o f a l l those "hose honesty and oorcpetency p e c u lia r ly f i t t b s . to f i l l t t . ^

CVM 7/23/69

R.Herald (l)

- 82 -

The Rolla] Herald_Is Founded.- The R olla Herald - or the "Herald of L iberty" •^e<^ ~ e s ta b lish e d by James LI. Graham in the year 1866.

The month ®*. in ■which t h is was done has always been named as September. However, present wr^ e r s » ky C a r e fu lly back-dating weekly issues from the known date o f March 18, 1869 - tne f i r s t issu e o f the paper available - printed on the date when Mr.Graham turned the paper over to Messrs. N iles and Herbert — gives us the date o f Thursday, August 16, 1866, as the probable co rr e c t date o f the founding issu e, V o l.l, No. 1. ^ro Graham seems to have had at heart the lo s t cause o f the Southern States in the c i v i l Jar. Such a c t iv it ie s as he engaged in, as we have learned them, make that fa c t p r a c t ic a lly ce rta in . Why he came to R olla - and when — are good questions fo r which we have no answer. I t would have been a fte r 186$. But he seems to have wanted to help restore to the ex—s e ce s s io n is ts th eir rig h t to vote, and to return to them f u l l status as c it iz e n s o f the United S tates. He c e rta in ly s tirr e d up the vigorous op p osition o f the Unionist "Radical Republican" element o f R olla - to such an exten t that he found i t expedient to s e l l the paper and leave R olla - as he did on March 18, 1869 • J e jia v e not_ learned what_Mr._Graham did with the f i l e s of the "Herald" when he l e f t . He may have taken them with him, and p o s s ib ly may have l e f t them in some Arkansas newspaper o f f ic e which he had there .

A search fo r the f i l e s might yet be made in these p la ce s. On A p ril 3, 1873, associated with .’rank A. Mason, he was e d itin g the "North Arkansas G azette", at Y e llv ilie , Arkansas. On November 9th, 1876, he prin ted the "Lacrosse P ost", at la cro s s e , Arkansas. On L1ay 22, 1879, he was p u blish in g a paper at Llelbourne, Izzard county, Arkansas. And, the la s t we p resen tly know o f him, he was at Rogers, Arkansas, publishing the "New Era" there .

The_ Herald_Office_ Lo<jaticns_.- 'Me do not know where Mr. Graham's R olla o f f ic e was lo c a t e d . However, when Messrs. N iles and Herbert took over on March 18,186?, they moved the plant to the second flo o r o f Benjamin C ulbertson's shoe shop, on south side o f 8th s tr e e t, midway from Pine s tre e t to the ra ilro a d - the site o f the la te r R olla Herald b u ild in g . In October, 1869, the plant went to the Livesay b u ild in g , n orth east corner cf 6th and Pine s tr e e ts . In August, 1871, i t moved to the southeast corn er of 8th and Pine, over the Kutcheson-Jones drug sto re . On October 22, 188$, i t moved from there to the second flo o r rooms over the H eller clo th in g s to r e , ea st side of Pine between 7th and 8th, "second door south o f 8th s t r e e t ", where i t remained u n til the en tire plant was destroyed by the great fir e o f October 28, 1894.

The £hysicaL_Features Of_The_Herald. - Yfhen, on March 18, 1869, Messrs.

W .T.N iles and H oratio 8. Herbert took possession, the "Herald o f L iberty" was a fou r page paper, 7 columns per page. The page size was 18x24 in ch es. The new e d itfcjps kept Graham's t i t l e fo r the paper from March 18 to A pril 8, when they changed i t to " The R olla Weekly Herald". Mr. N iles was e d it o r -in -c h ie x . Thursday was always the H erald's p u b lica tio n day.

When V ol. 4, No. 7 was printed ( Thursday, September 23,1869 ), Mr. N iles had sold out to P.B. VanDeren. H.S. Herbert s t i l l remained. VanDeren continued through V o l.7, No. 21 ( Jan. 9, 1873), When he sold h is in te re s t to H.S. Herbert.

Mr. Herbert continued as e d ito r and p ro p rie to r up to August 2u 18op (. Vol.IV, No. 52 ) when Charles M. McCrae, h is foreman, bou^it a h a lf in te r e s t, noth then are named as e d it o r s . „ T Graham's issu es had been in siz e .18x24 inches, 7 columns per page . in w , n n W Vol 6 ( A u e .3 1 .l8 7 l), VanDeren am Herbert had increased the page size to S^ 2 $ Si L i ; s , 8 columns per 'paf9>. ( That is the size of tte pages in the bound file s The unbound size may teve been 20x26 in ch e s ). This size continued up to Vol 23 No 50 ( Aug. 8, 1889 ), when Mr. Herbert sold out to Charles M. MeGrae, who’ was’ theA sole owner and e d ito r . On July 2 4 ’ , 1890, Mr. McCrae replaced the old "h L d operated press" with one driven by power. I t was a cylin der press made by the Campbell P rinting Press Co., o f new York. aS n

CVM 7/24/69

4 . Herald 2

- 83 -

'A O

„

, , ^e^ i . d_ ri aa t_ Desfcrojed_Biir F ir e .- On Sunday, October 28, 1894, the en tire flit S i. °n SeC°n d . f l o o r o f tte Wm. H eller cloth in g store, two doors south S S ? tre e t on east side o f Pine, was destroyed by the b ig f i r e which enveloped a l l the east^ side^ of Pme street from 7th to 8th, except only tte drug store bu ild in g at immediate southeast corner of 8th and Pine. The next few issues o f the Herald were prin ted in the R olla New Ir a plant. When the new plant ooened, on tire north side o f 8th s tr e e t over the National Bank bu ild in g, the size was changed to 13x20 in ch es, and the paper had e i g i t pages o f 5 columns each.

The t i t l e a fte r the f i r e was simply "The R olla Herald".

--i . McCrae died on May 18, 1899* Mrs. McCrae ( nee Eddie Rogei’s) then managed and^edited the paper up to Sept. 14, 1899, when Charles L. woods, la t e ly from ir g in ia , but long-tim e Herald ed itcr from 1399, became associate e d it o r .

Mrs. McCrae and Mr. Woods were married on November 22,1899, a fte r which Mr. Woods appeared as sole e d ito r .

With V o l.34, No. 23 ( Thursday, Feb. 22, 1900 ) the paper's name was changed to The R olla Herald-Democrat". This was because another D .mocrat - Ray F. Rucker had set up the Phelps County Democrat - a competing paper. This was not good for the I helps county Democratic p a rty. Therefore, a bargain was made bet ;een Messrs.

Woods ard Rucker, according to which M-. Mucker sold out to Woods - but with the s tip u la tio n that the name th ereafter should be The R olla Herald—Democrat. This, remained the status up to V ol. 43, No. 36 ( July 15, 1909 ), when the name changed back to "The R o lla H erald". Tne s iz e , fo r the years only of 1900 and 1901, had been enlarged t o 15x22 in ch es. Thereafter, i t went back to tte 13x20 s iz e .

We hare now covered t i e major p h ysical featu res o f the Herald fo r the period 1866 to 1900. We leave them there for extension in la t e r section s of this general s to r y o f R o lla . We think i t is f i t t i n g bo add, in clo s in g , the v a le d icto ry w ritten by James K. Graham, on March 18, 1869, and the salu ta tory by N.T. N iles o f the same d a te . They r e f l e c t , scmewhat, the thinking and q u a litie s o f those w r ite r s . This one by Mr. Graham: T o _ 0 u r _ P a t _ r o n £ ( By Ex-Editor James H. Graham ) .

With th is issu e, our connection with the HERAID OF LIBMRTY ceases. This step has not been taken without d e lib e ra te and mature r e fle c t io n , and calf con­ s id e r a tio n . We came among you in the dark and gloomy days o f your h isto ry , and made great s a c r ific e s to e s ta b lis h a journ al that advocated a co n stitu tio n a l pol­ ic y , c o n s titu tio n a l government, and c o n s titu tio n a l p ro te ctio n to a l l .

We have labored, t o ile d , and contended with an unalterable and untiring devotion t o the p r in c ip le s and d octrin es as proclaimed by the fa th ers, and promul­ gated by the founders o f our government. And in our e f f o r t s in beh alf o f truth and ju s t ic e , we have had the most hearty cooperation o f some brave and true men who have stood by us from the beginning, and such we s h a ll have in the kindest and warmest remembrance.

We saw by a glance the perilou s situ a tio n , that a great work had to be per­ formed; and we thank God that we have been able t o discharge a part o f our duty to our fe llo w c it iz e n s . A dark cloud, lik e the p a ll o f dec.tr., nung over the land.

Danger and ruin lurked at almost every p o in t. The _v ery_foundations o f s o cie ty seemed broken up. Lawlessness and m is-rule had raised i t s bloody and defian t fron t, and claimed the rigjht to the c h ie f, or supreme, rule of a ctio n .

This once happy and prosperous union o f free and independent States had ju st emerged from tte b lood y embrace o f a fe a r f u lly desola tin g c i v i l c o n i l i c t .

Every heart throughout the land had been made to mourn, ^herisoed ones J-rom every household had been o ffe re d up as a s a c r ific e in vin d ica tio n o f the d e c la ra 'io n f o r which the deadly struggle was waged. A ll was gloom, doubt, m istrust, with s ca r c e ly one cheering ray; and amidst these dark and forbiddin g scenes and sur­ roundings - we_commenced_the_publi£ation_of the tErtiLp_GF LIRaRTl From that day to the present hour, we have ceased not, day or night, to warn the people o f the dangers, the t o i l s and p i t f a l l s , and the h orrid death that would swallow them unless they would cane back to the C on stitu tion al landmarks.

CVk 7 / 2/69

3 R.Herald

- 84 -

‘ e have spoken p la in ly , but we have spoken our honest con v iction s, and have sought to dea l p la in ly and candidly with a l l , both Democrats and R adicals, p la b o r in g fo r the permanent good of a l l ; and i f we have made enemies, i t has been f o r the truth s sake - and we regret that any one, i f there is one, should cherish f e e lin g s o f b itte r n e s s against us.

The p r in c ip le s that we have advocated are dearer to us than l i f e i t s e l f , and the ni&ihtenance o f them has caused us, almost, to la y down our l i f e . But — we r e t i r e from the e d i t o r ia l management o f the Herald with a l l b itte rn e s s g on e,- as v is io n s o f the p a st. But we s h a ll contend fo r the same truths, the same etern al p r in c i p le s , that underlie our g lo rio u s form o f government, wherever we may be. Vie s h a ll contend fo r the C onstitution as our fath ers gave i t to us; and .hether we "sink or swim, li v e or d ie, survive or p erish ” , in the fu ry and storm o f partisan hate and partisan m alevolence, our voice sh a ll be raised in beh a lf o f the Consti­ tu tion — that grand and shining bulwark o f American lib e r t y .

Although death has shaken h is bloody mantle with a heavy hand, and su fferin g and fe a r f u l woe have swept over th is once f a ir domain with a g ia n t's tread, peace and p r o s p e r ity now reign triumphant; and i t is destined at no distan t day to be the happy abode o f the oppressed m illio n s from the old w orld. Yes, the blessin gs that must and w i l l flow out from our peerless fcrm o f government w i l l stand out as a great li g h t house upon the highway o f nations, beaconing and p ilo t in g the down­ trodden o f other lands to our peaceful and happy shore . .Truth mu£t_and_will p re v a il.

One, word_more. The two gentlemen who succeed us - Messrs. N iles and Herbert - are w e ll known to most o f you. They w i l l labor fo r the good of a l l . He hope they w i l l meet with most abundant encouragement - that th eir hands may be strengthened, and hearts cheered, in the good cause in which they 1mve eng r<.

L et the peoplb :ra llty around them, and give them the c o r d ia l and hearty support that the e n te r p r is e e n t it le s them to re ce iv e .

And now, may peace, prosperity and happiness hover around and about you; and when the race o f l i f e is run, may we a l l look back on liv e s w ell spent, with the consciousness that the world is the b e tte r fo r our having liv e d in i t .

(Signed) JAMES H. GRAHAM. We add the fo llo w in g from the pen of Mr. J.T . w ile s . ^SALUTATORYM _(_Bv W .T ._N iles_). - In assuming e d it o r ia l charge o f the HERALD, custom requires us to state to the readers o f the paper something o f the p r in c ip le s that the paper w ill advocate, and the o b je cts i t w ill endeavor go accom­ p l i s h / „ . .P o l i t i c a l l y , we s h a ll tray to sustain the time-honored cause of Democ­ racy, by a l l honorable e x e rtio n s . At the same time, we sh a ll not h esit te to denounce wrongs committed in the name of Democracy, or by men cla.iming to be Democrats. . . .

We a ls o e n t ir e ly deny the righ t o f demagogues and p o lit ic ia n s re e sta b lish a standard o f p o l i t i c a l ''f a i t h , and s h a ll f e e l free to embrace e ith e r side o f any new qu estion that may a rise in our p o l i t i c a l h isto ry , t ill, i t s m erits sh a ll be pronounced upon by a regular convention o f Democrats. . . . while we sh a ll try to uphold our p o l i t i c a l views, we s h a ll not be g u ilt y o f the in ju s tic e of accusing those of dish on esty who are opposed to us p o l i t i c a l l y , simply because tney are our PP n We s h a ll devote the greater p ortion of our space to a r t ic le s settin g fo rth the great n atu ral advantages o f this county, and o f Southwest M issouri gen erally b e lie v in g that by so doing we sh a ll b etter discharge our du ties to our readers than by w o S y d iscu ssion s o f p o l i t i c a l issu es, or vitu p erative attacks on our neighbors o f d lffe ^ e? e i 1miyabeVs a id ‘ or done that w ill induce one immigrant to s e tt le in wnauev y t _ or aid in bu ild in g up a sin gle branch o f INDUSTRY in °ou remldst - we b e lie v e w ill be o f greater b e n e fit to our readers than the most b r i l l i a n t a r t ic le that could be w ritten on National p o l i t i c s .

CVM 7/2 4/6 9

4 R- Heraid

-8 5-

With these views, we sh a ll ever s tr iv e to make our paper worthy o f the patronage o f an enlightened community, tru stin g that our frie n d s w ill appreciate the d i f f i c u l t y of our p o s itio n , and our comparative inexperience in journalism ; and grant us th e ir forbearance should we at any time f a i l to come up to the stan­ dard o f the p o s it io n we f i l l . ...A s we s h a ll have the pleasure o f addressing you each'week, we s h a ll not w rite further at th is time. But l e t th is b r i e f expres­ sion o f our views s u ffic e as our sa lu ta tion .

(Signed) W. T. K ile s .

In_S^nmatL ion - The R olla Herald, under James H. Graham the founder, began during the "recon stru ction period" fo llo w in g the C iv il War. He led the lo c a l fig h t against the I865 "Drake" State C on stitu tion , advocated re sto ra tio n of c i t i ­ zenship, the vote, and c i v i l righ ts to the e x -s e c e s s io n is t s . ...U nder Herbert, the paper was newsy, sen sib le, although Herbert fought greed and monopoly. mcCrae issued a se n sib le , in te re s tin g paper, defended virtue and ju s t ic e , denounced doers o f e v i l . Woods upheld Democratic party p o l i t i c s with v ig or, but regardless of p o l i t i c s , printed in te re s tin g lo c a l news fo r a l l a lik e . He had the R o_lla Herald B uilding constructed on south side of 8th stre e t, midway between Pine s tre e t and the r a ilr o a d . He also in s ta lle d the f i r s t lin eotype in R olla in 191a.

CVM 9 /1 /6 9

1870‘ s

- 86 -

TOWNBUIIDERS_BRING_SCHpOL OF_MINES_TO ROLLA A Crowning Achievement.

School_Of_ Mine s_ ^gments_Town In d u s tr ie s .- R o lla ’ s great Townbuilders were making every e f f o r t to create productive in d u stries that would bu ild up th e ir town.

Fiour and woolen m ills , wagon fa c t o r ie s , harness shops, general business and sto re s.

But when, in 1867-70, th e ir state senator, Hon. E lli s G. Evans, got the idea that a proposed M issouri School o f Mines might be had - because Maramec Iron Works - an ac­ tiv e mining en terp rise - ex iste d w ith in Phelps County - hopes and ambitions knew no bounds. R o lla must_have this_S ch ool of_Mines 11 Our story o f this sch ool, at this p o in t, must be d r a s t ic a lly concentrated. Those d esirin g more d e t a il may fin d i t in our 1010-page "History; of_Mis_souri School_af_ Mines & M etallurgy", published by Phelps County H is to r ic a l S o ciety in 1911. Here, then, is our concentrated s to ry . ocho_ol_of Mines_‘ _ 0 r ig in s . — The idea of a M issouri School of Mines was f i r s t con ceived in the mind of Mcses Austin, p r a c tic a l and pioneer mining engineer and m e ta llu r g is t , who acquired and operated lead mines in the P otosi area o f southeast M issou ri. Henry S ch o o lc ra ft, who v is ite d Austin in 1819, took the idea from Austin, and w rote about i t .

Both thought the lead miners in that area needed a "sch ool o f mines" in order that they might better know how to do the mining, how to smelt the ores, and how to sink th eir shafts and workings so as to keep them unwatered.

These ideas were imparted to, and endorsed by, various s c ie n t is t s , medical d o c tc r s and e d ito r s o f S t. Louis, who kept the subject a liv e u n til such time as p r a c t ic a l means for e s ta b lis h in g such a sch ool might m aterialize - as i t did in 1862.

The M o r r ill Land_Grant_Act_;_- On July 2, 1862, the United States Congress passed the "M o r r ill Land Grant A ct", by the terms o f which each State o f the Union might, by accep tin g the terms o f the a ct, receiv e a grant o f the then plenteous amounts of p u b lic la n d s. These lands, being sold , would provide funds with which schools might be opened and maintained - sch ools of A griculture and Mechanic A rts. Today, the term "mechanic a r ts " is understood to mean "engineering" in i t s various f i e l d s .

This Act was passed during the severest days of the C iv il War - when Missouri was in no co n d itio n to e s ta b lis h ANY sch ool or c o lle g e . The State was in a death s tru g g le , b a re ly able to keep i t s e l f a liv e . And so, acceptance o f the p rovision s o f the Land Grant Act did not occur u n til March 17, 1863 - and the actual establishment o f any s ch o o l thereunder u n t il 1870.

M issourijOeneral_Assem bly E stablishes Mining_School, _1870. - With the war ended, the p r o je c t fo r establishm ent o f a M o rrill Land Grant School r e a lly came a liv e .

For th re e yejM*s_ the M issouri Legislature wrestled with the problem. The S t. Louis group o f s c ie n t is t s , m edical d octors, and in d u s t r ia lis ts wanted M issouri to e sta b lish an " in d u s t r ia l u n iv e r s ity ", a part of which would be th is desired sch ool of mines.

They did NOT want th is type of education d ilu ted with the kind e x is tin g at the Uni­ v e r s it y a t Columbia - which catered to the c la s s ic s , and preferred to graduate sch o l­ ars la w y ers, and m inisters o f the Gospel. A compromise was fi n a l ly reached, whereby the College o f A gricu ltu re was esta b lish ed as a part of the University at Columbia.

The S ch o o l o f Mines and M etallurgy was awarded to the mining and in d u s tria l in terests o f sou th ea st M issouri - but made a unit o f the U niversity system. The le g is la t iv e Act w hich esta b lish ed the two s is t e r sch ools was signed xnto law by Governor Joseph W. McClurg on February 24, 1870.

L ocation Of The S ch ooljO f Mine_s_At R o lla .- The Act o f February 24, 1870, dxd no4- n lo c a t e tte School of Mines at R o lla . Instead, xt provxded that the School s h o S i ha lo ca te d in com e county_of southeast M issouri »hsre there were active mines in existen ce - ard in that one of such counties which would subscribe the most S te ris money' lands fcF c a ip S C Ind 7ther m aterial p rop erties. Under these prov is io n s fiv e cou n ties took an in te r e s t: Iron, Madison, S t. Francois, ..ashxngtun, an; ■------Phelps'.’ The taxpayer o f S t. Francois and Washington counties voted on tte P ^ P °“ £ ° n but turned i t down. Tie people of Madison county made a bid, but i t was so in d e fin ite S a t t L S n i v e r s X curatfrs, a ctin g as tte lo c a tin g committee, threw that bid out.

CVM 9/1/69

1870's

-

87 -

Iron and Phelps counties remained in the ra ce. Both had active mining enter­ p rises, which made them e lig ib le to make com petitive b id s. Presence in Phelps County of the Maramec Iron Works and mine made th at county e l i g i b l e . In both counties, the county business agency ( County Court ) o ffe re d county bonds and lands — without f i r s t putting the p r o p o s itio n t o a vote of the taxpayers. As i t la t e r developed, th is was a fa t a l e rro r, f o r such bonds as were issued were voided by the co u rts. However, the re sp ectiv e bond issu es o ffe re d were these: Iron county, $83,500; and Phelps, $75,000. ^ °ll^ ., s. Foremost_Tpwnbuild.ers_ BaJstle_For_Tte_School. — I t seems that whenever any great c r i s i s arose in e a r ly R olla h isto ry , the people o f the town turned to some one or two o f the leading c it iz e n s . Edmund Ward Bishop, the town's founder, seemed always to be one of the chosen few. And so i t was that, a fte r i n i t i a l bids made by Iron and Phelps counties had leaked out, the Phelps Coonty bid seemed to be in danger o f being exceeded by that of Iron . To prevent this from happening, Townbuilders E.W. Bishop and mayor Charles C. Bland persuaded the County Court to raise th e ir in i­ t i a l bond issu e bid from $50,000 to $75,000. A School of Mines was too great a prize fo r R olla to be lo s t fo r la ck of an adequate b id .

Besides that, the Maramec Iron Works was, at the time, more active and productive than any other mining enterprise in the S ta te . Senator E l l i s G. Evans had used that fa c t to get tte L e g is la tu re 's b i l l so worded that Phelps County might mate this b id .

And now, re in fcre e d with th is $25,000 added to the Phelps County bid , Townbuilders E.W. Bishop, Robert P. Faulkner, and Wesley M. Smith went to S t. Louis and submitted the in creased bid to the o f f i c i a l Locating Committee ( the University curators ) . Now, when compared, the two bids were th ese: Iron County, $113,500; Phelps County, $130,545. The Locating Committee accepted the Phelps County bid - and, v is it in g R olla on December 8, 1870, sele cte d the S ch o o l's campus s it e on lands that had been donated on Fort Wyman H i ll. By an Act of March 10, 1871, the State Legis­ lature confirmed tte lo c a tio n thus made a t R olla . £urators_Plan S chool_of Mines B u ild ing On Wyman H i l l . - During 1871, the U n iversity curators caused plans to be drawn fo r con stru ction of a School o f Mines bu ild in g on Fort Wyman H ill. These plans provided f o r a b u ild in g three sto ry s in height, w ith f l o o r dimensions o f 60 x 130 fe e t - much lik e today's Norwood Hall on the present campus. This was quite a pretentious a f f a i r fe r the tim es. A contract was l e t and signed with Mr. A.E. Dye, who had b u ilt the R olla B uilding, and who would erect the b u ild in g fo r $85,000. But a fte r Mr. Dye had b u ilt con stru ction sheds, opened stone qu arries, and dressed considerable stone fo r foundations, the contract was voided by the cu rators — because money to pay fo r the bu ild in g was not in sig h t.

Some other arrangement had to be made in order to open the sch ool.

R o lla 's . New P u b licjS ch ool Building_Is. Rented_-_School Opened^- These R olla promoters of tte S chool of Mines had become impatient because o f tte seeming delay in a ctu a lly opening the S ch ool. And so, the curators yie ld e d , and in August o f 1~71 appointed Dr. Charles Penrose Williams as the S ch o o l's f i r s t head and adm inistrator.

Class work must begin — but where 7 Someone got the idea that tte new R olla Public School B uildin g ( "R olla B uilding" ) was much la rg e r than the public schools needed.

Why not rent the two upper flo o r s to the School of Mines ?? To do i t , the campus site had t o be changed from Fort Yiyman H ill to the north frin g es o f tov/n. A ll concerned - the sch ool board, the c it y co u n cil, tte p r in cip a l c it iz e n s , and the curators agreed - and tte d ea l was made.

F ir s t School of Mines C la ss e s .- Suitable ren tal arrangements having been made, D irector- W illiam s took over the two upper rooms of tte R olla Euilding, and in them en ro lled the f i r s t c la s s on November 6, 1871. In i t were twelve boys from lo c a l farms and one g i r l - Miss Clara Smith.

Tte formal_o£ening o f the School did not occur’ u n t il November 23, 1871, when a county-wide sch ool teacher "in s titu te had con evened and assembled in the new R o lla B uilding. Prelim inary e x e rcise s were held there in the morning, with the R olla lo c a l u n iv e r s ity curator, Judge ^ lija h rerry, presiding.

President Daniel Read, o f t te U niversity, was present and inducted D irector Williams

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The day' s Pr °gram was completed with an evening convocation at the R o lla M ethodist church. Thus be^in the career o f a great te ch n ica l sch o o l.

The_Fort ifyman Campus _Site_ Is_Abandoned_j_ _F in an c i al_Pro blems Arise_.- The R olla School B uilding proved to be so w ell adapted fo r School of Mines cla sse s that n e g o tia tio n s were made whereby the U niversity would purchase the bu ildin g, and abandon the Fory Nyman s it e . That meant that the R olla p u blic sch ool children would have to return to the former inadequate, undesirable quarters in the four-room lo g l v i l i ar commissary b u ild in g at 9th and Elm streets . The R olla c it y cou n cil, which had donated #1,200 in c it y bonds to help bring the School to R olla, o ffered no o b je c tio n to th is aoandonment o f the Fort Wyman s i t e . The d e cisio n was so made.

However, another fa c to r had now entered in to the general s itu a tio n . In dona­ ting the #75,000 in county bonds, the county o f f i c i a l s had not f i r s t submitted the p r o p o s itio n to a taxpayers' vote, as state law required. As e a rly as late 1871, the probable in v a lid it y o f the bonds had been suggested. Now, in 1874, the Missouri Supreme Uourt decla red the bonds i l l e g a l , u n con stitu tion al, and ordered c o lle c t io n o f in te r e s t on them to cease.

This d e c is io n was a w ell-nigh m ortal blow to the S ch ool. I t permanently doomed the idea o f a Fort Wyman bu ild in g, as no funds would be available to pay fo r i t . Moreover, and so fa r , the bond in te r e s t had been used f o r School operation and maintenance. What would new happen to the School ? . . Again, the in trep id Town­ b u ild ers a cted . They persuaded the Legislature to make a modest but passable state ap propriation fo r operation and maintenance.

Under such circum stances, the people of R olla and the u n iv e rsity curators agreed that the curators should buy the R olla sch ool b u ild in g . The taxpayers f e l t that the burden of paying p rin cip a l installm ents and ten per cent in te re s t was too heavy a burden. They were glad, indeed, to "get out from under" by s e llin g the bu ild in g to the curators fo r $>25,000 - which they did in 1875* This meant, however, that the town's ch ild ren would have to go back to the old Commissary B uilding. I t was so arranged. The Commissary so served u n til destroyed in the great fir e of July 4, 1881.

The Nature_0f School_of Mines. C u rricu la .- Before coming to R olla, D irector Chas. P. W illiam s had been both a student, and a teacher, in the old Pennsylvania P olytechnic C olleg e, at P hiladelphia. That in s tit u t io n , in keeping with it s name, was in fa c t an " in s t it u t e of tecn n ology". I t s o ffe rin g s included not only the basic scie n ces, and a smattering of li b e r a l a rts, but a ls o such d iv isio n s o f engineering as were then recogn ized— c i v i l , mechanical, mining. I t o ffe re d sp e cia l in stru ctio n in 11analvt i c al_ch em istry11. which was in essence chenMcal_enginee£_ing, but ho.d not been so design ated. Immediately p rio r to coming to R olla, Dr. ./illiam s had been p ro fessor o f chem istry ( chemical engineering ) at Delaware C ollege. He was also Delaware state chem ist.

And thus i t was but natural fo r Dr. Williams to pattern the cu rricu la dt R olla a ft e r those with which he had b e® in contact at the Pennsylvania and Delaware c o lle g e s . His e a r lie s t advertisements f o r the School of Mines therefore stated that th is S chool was a "sch o o l technology" - and that it s o ffe rin g s included » en gineerin g, mechanics, geology, mineralogy, general and a n a ly tica l chemistry, assaying and p h y s ic s ." To these were added courses in hygiene, drawing, _nglish lan guage^and com position, and such sm atterings of li b e r a l arts as were required by the M o rr ill A ct. M ilita r y tra in in g was a lso included - and i t had able teachers in the S c h o o l's f i r s t and "top -n otch " fa c u lt y . .

L oca l C itizen s Are Aopointed_0n Board o f _ C u r a t s . - In his d ed ication speech,

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in the School and i t s a f f a i r s - and am many ways helped to nurture the School. I t a lso helped to i n s t i l l culture and educational in te re s t among the people of R olla .

As such a l o c a l R olla u n iv e rsity curator, Hon. E lija h Perry, who was a lso Phelps oun y c i r c u i t judge, presided at the S ch o o l's formal dedication e x e rcise s on Novem­ b e r 23. 1871. o cto rs William E. Glenn ( of R olla ) and Samuel H. Headlee ( o f St. James ) were both on the Board the years 1875-76, arxi Dd. Glenn was serving as vice p re s id e n t o f the u n iv ersity board. .

.

J*® SGHOOLJ_S_FIRST_-_A|TO_GREAT_-_FAGULTY. - R o lla ’ s cu ltu ra l and educational r * Were raised when this f i r s t great School o f Mines fa c u lty came t o town. Dr. WiUiams had the very best o f preparation and p r a c t ic a l experi­ ence in the s c i e n t i f i c f i e l d , in general - and s p e c if i c a lly in mining, geology, m in era logy, and chem ical engineering. P ro f. ( "C o l." ) James W. Abert was a West P oin t graduate in engineering and m ilita r y t a c t i c s . He was the School*s very f i r s t teacher o f en gineerin g. He la te r taught the engineering drawing and painting cou rses.^ P ro f. ("M a jo r 1 ) George D. Emerson had taken training both in law and in engineering - had p ra ctised mine engineering in the great copper b e lt o f Michigan.

P ro f. ( "C apt." ) Robert W. Douthat was c o lle g e trained, p e c u lia r ly fi t t e d to teach the S c h o o l's humanistic cou rses. He was a veteran o f the great b a ttle of Gettysburg, having there le d h is Confederate company in the great charge made by General P ick e tt.

A ll three o f the la s t named teachers had served as C iv il War s o ld ie rs and o f f i c e r s .

Chairs in mathematics were f i l l e d by younger men, also capable - Nelson W. A llen, Van Court Y antis, and Edwin J. J o lly . Dr. Wm. E. Glenn taught physiology and Hygiene.

InfC_uen c£ Of_Facu 1 t_y_And_School Qn_Rolla_S£ciety_t_- The u p liftin g in flu ence o f such a fa c u lt y on the crude "shanty-town" s o cie ty o f R olla was most remarkable.

These men r e a lly took the S ch ool’ s students - and the town - to th e ir hearts. They tr ie d to make men and women o f s te r lin g character, c a p a b ility , and refinement out o f youngsters reared on the farm, or roaming the town’ s s tre e ts - in a town not too f u l l o f education and c u ltu r e . Here was a great u p lift in g fo rce that undergirded the young people o f R olla .

This in flu en ce soon made i t s e l f f e l t , not only in side the School - but also in down-town c i r c l e s , where such fa c u lt y members as Dr. Glenn and P rofs. Abert, Emerson, and Douthat le d both student and town groups in clubs concerned with books and l i b r a r ie s , w ith Shakespeare, and with lite ra tu re in gen eral. Eventually, they took that a c tio n which led to the crea tion o f the town’ s 'Western Conservatory o f M usic."

Nor was the u p lift in g in flu en ce confined to these three p ro fe s s o rs. Mrs. W illiam s, w ife o f tte D irector, led in gathering together an E piscopalian church group. D irector W illiam s was among the f i r s t to suggest the bu ilding o f the Epis­ copal church, and ted in c o lle c t in g the f i r s t funds raised fo r that purpose. Mrs. W illiam s brought many of the town g ir ls in to her home, and there polished o f f some o f the crude manners and ideas these g ir ls possessed. One sucn g i r l personally to ld present w riters o f these happenings.

In the E piscopal church se rv ice s held in the old Masonic H all, Mrs. W illiams knelt on the f l o o r in her fine silk en dress, as prayers were o ffe r e d . She was tru ly a grand and devoted " f i r s t lady" o f the town.

Not t o be l e f t out, P rof. Nelson W. A llen "sermonized" fo r the Seventh Day Adventist congregation, meeting in ten ts, *s was the fashion in those days Prof,.

Abert gathered about him a devoted group o f young la d ie s , and taught them how to paint in o i l s and water c o lo r s . Some o f these g i r l s , among whom were Miss Lo^a Shaw and^he^younger11s is t e r Olive ( la t e r Mrs. P rof. J.H. Bowen ) produced, as a resu lt o f t h is tra in in g some remarkably fin e p o r t r a its . In his sch ool c la s s e s , Pr°~.

Ab t -ea u ired e x c e lle n ce , not only in mechanical drawing, but a lso in pen and-ink sketchin g. A number o f these student ink sketches o f horses, » l l d deer, and c a t tle , were o f superb q u a lity , and have been preserved in the School lib r a r y .

A * o these h igh ly educated, cultured, gentlemanly professors As was n atu ral, these n i^ ixy ’ f hin the area - among whom were searched for, ‘J T K S d , congenial''spirits „ithin the area

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^ . r rS ’

James> o f S t. James and the Maramec Iron Works. V is its back S rrcqUent “ d P - ^ t a b l e . Dr. 3 . H. H e a d ie e /2 s o o f S t. James, belonged t o th is group. There were 1 others, liv in g in R olla , who enjoyed th is c lo s e a s s o c ia tio n . . TOri f 7h| . - C- ° - 1- 3T1Te- i m2ortant Technical Problem s.- A most important boost was f, ^ . ils s o u r i.mining * e n D irector W illiam s, in examining the lead mines o f t e op lin area, in southwest M issouri, to ld tte miners that the "muck" they were throwing out on the dump was h igh ly valuable zinc ore. His pronouncement was the beginning o f M issouri s tremendous cen tu ry-old production o f zinc in tte t r i-s t a t e area o f M issouri, Kansas, and Oklahoma.

In 1877, Dr. Williams, then actin g state g e o lo g is t, published another out­ standing study - o f the iron mining and smelting industry of tte area, and o f the mines in Shannon county. In another study, he destroyed the dream o f a few north M issourians who thought that l o c a l g la c ia l dep osits contained valuable deposits o f g o ld . The e n tire fa c u lt y s t a f f join ed him in making a g e o lo g ic a l survey of Shannon county, and appraising i t s mineral wealth. He a ls o studied and reported on the coa l f i e l d s of southeast Kansas.

In R o lla , Major Emerson and his engineering students led o f f in several areas o f te ch n ic a l a c t i v i t y . One of the boys - John W. Pack - fo r the f i r s t time determined R olla*s s e a -le v e l e le v a tio n . The group establish ed ard staked R olla*s f i r s t s t r e e t grades. They a ls o la id out a comprehensive trian gu lation survey net­ work surrounding R olla and, using i t , made a topographic map o f the area. With P ro f. Abert, Major Emerson v is ite d numerous s it e s where e it h e r iron or lead depos­ i t s had been d iscovered - took samples, and reported on the r e la tiv e worth, or w orthlessness, of these p o te n tia l mines. Numbers o f the students analyzed, fo r the f i r s t time, the many rocks and minerals o f the county and s ta te .

A Glimpse, of_St,udent_Li f e_. - I t was said, o f old, that " a l l work and no play makes Jack a d u ll b o y ." School of Mines students acted on this p r in c ip le . They c e r ta in ly had p len ty o f hard work to do in pursuing t h e ir courses. Eut, o f th e ir own accord, ard encouraged in every way by their fa cu lty , they organized and engaged in a number of e x tra -c u r ricu la r a c t iv it ie s . Groups o f the boys had bachelor quar­ ters on second flo o r s o f the down—town sto re s. One o f the group was a ssig ied the task, f o r a monthly term, o f r is in g e a rly to kindle the f i r e in the fre e z in g -co ld room, and get group b reak fast. That was work — and so was baseball — a fa v o rite sport in which the younger down—town p ro fe s s io n a l men jo in e d .

Debating was fostered by the S ch ool’ s li t e r a r y and debating s o c ie ty . Many o f the students who had th e a tr ic a l leanings planned and staged various plays and " e x h ib it io n s " . These events featured declamations, tableaus, the reading o f essays and poems, and other lik e item s. The student "Irv in g S o ciety" presented numbers o f e x c e lle n t plays - and even the stern down-town d octors and p rofession a l men joined with students in some of them. „ , . .. ,. , .

One outstanding play, c a lle d "L a ila ", was given to ra ise funds with which to rebu ild or fin is h the steep le on the M ethodist church. Among the S ch ool*s_students ( the c o lle g e was then d e f in it e ly co-edu cation al ), there were plenty o f vnvacious aM ta len ted g i r l s who p a rticip a ted in these programs and plays. Among them tte S t d e ^ T w S e the M isses Fannie Hoskinson, Lola Sha», Laura Harrison Lena Hooker, Mary6VanWormer, Jennie Bishop, L e t it ia Gallaher, end J u lia Bishop. Present a l t e r s had the good fo rtu n e t o meet se v e ra l of th ese g i r l s la t e r women. ,. had the good io r tu n in ci uded"H erctent of V enice", "Lane Excuse", and oth ers, ria y s be siu e s L d i i d ________ . ____ , . , T w P a „ i , Rlow. Oscar Robinson, James B. Harrison, Dumeniel, and y et oth ers.

1874.

Ohmann-

first Graduation Day arrived on June 18,

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fo r th to re ce iv e t h e ir resp ectiv e diplomas. Each had w ritten the required th e s is . . oh" H °lt^ G ill, the genius of tte c la s s , included d e scrip tio n s and drawings o f O rig in a l Machines" which he had designed. . . . John W. Pack described the z in crecovery problem the School had solved in the Jop lin area ...G ustavus A. Duncan wrote on "The Economics Of Commin Roads". He must, at le a s t, have mentiored "mud I" R esp ectively, the three boys were awarded diplomas in C iv il - in Mine - and in C iv il Engineering. !lhat_T^ies_e_t ir s t duate_s_Did_Out_In The_ World. — In the f i e l d of mining, perhaps John W. Pack led the group o f three.

A ll o f them, upon graduation, took the fa s t e s t passenger tra in to Boulder, Colorado — shooting at b u ffa lo as they cro s­ sed the p la in s . A ll three worked with pick and shovel, fo r a time, in digging a m ill race fo r a sm elter being b u ilt at tte mouth of Boulder canon, in west Boulder.

They spent tte w in ter in a thatched hut in tte h i l l s west of Boulder, making char­ c o a l — which they sold to the smelter the next spring a t_ a _ p ro fit of_five_ cents each I Pack then r e a d ily found a job as smelter assayer. In a year or two, he had examined the "heavy mud" being thrown away by the gold miners in C a liforn ia Gulch, in the L ea d v ille d i s t r i c t . His analysis of tte "mud" discovered that i t was lead carbonate, very r ic h in s ilv e r . That discovery is what made L eadville the booming mining d i s t r i c t of Colorado f o r tte next few years.

L ater, going to the Butte area of Montana, Pack assayed and reported to Mon­ tan a's Senator Clark on the silv e r-co p p e r-g o ld ores o f the area - and that d i s t r i c t , too, and again, blossomed as a resu lt o f the Pack assays. In his la te r years, Pack was the expert c h ie f m eta llu rg ist fo r the U. S. mint in San F rancisco.

Gus Duncan's work, while perhaps a Dit le s s spectacu lar than P ack's, never­ th eless contriDuted m ig h tily to the development o f gold and silv e r mining in the Colorado areas north, south, and west of Denver. One o f his c h ie f d isco v e rie s was the high value o f tte sylvanite and tellurium gold ores o f Boulder county. His work was d e f in i t e ly th a t o f a mining engineer and m e ta llu rg ist. He had much to do with the g o ld -s ilv e r smelters of Denver - and fo r a time was associated with mines in Nevada.

Without doubt, John Holt G i l l was the in t e lle c t u a l giant and genius o f his c la s s - howsomever, g en ia l and j o l l y . A fter hie i n i t i a l stay at Boulder - during which he c a lle d tte very f i r s t "M.S.M. Alumni meeting" while standing in the cold mountain i c e water o f the smelter m ill race - he married tte gracious and lo v e ly daughter, Mary, o f Judge and Mrs. John G. Hutcheson, presidin g judge o f Phelps County Court. They went to Washington, D .C., where he was in the employ o f the U.S. Coast ani Harbor d iv is io n of the Corps o f Army Engineers. Without a doubt, he would have clim bed to a p o s itio n o f high eminence among engineers, had he not con­ tra cted a f a t a l i l ln e s s and died in 1882. He was in terred in tte Rock Creek cemetery in the c a p ita l c i t y .

Samples. Of_Work Done_By Later Graduates.- Other of the S ch o o l's e a rly gradu­ ates con tribu ted much to the n a tio n 's wealth and in d u s tria l development. Peter Blow f o r instance — a classmate of G ill, Pack and Duncan — upon graduation took over’ the management of his fa th e r 's le a d -z in c mines at Granby, in the Joplin area o f M issou ri. L ater, he operated a large brass manufacturing plant m N ashville, Tennessee. Many of the boys, even b efore graduation, took p osition s with railroads which required surveyors to la y out new rou tes. Lindsey Coppedge, from the Relfe area, made the lo c a t io n and con stru ction surveys fo r tte F risco ra ilroa d , join in g the town o f P a c if i c to S t. Louis - a fte r tte F risco decided to no lon ger use the o r ig i­ nal P a c ific tracks p a r a lle lin g the new one .

Ashnah B. Schrantz, who person ally related h is sto ry to present w riters, la id out many of tte smaller r a ilro a d routes o f southeast Kansas. He graduated m 1882 Franh W. Gibb, also of tte 1882 c la s s , went to L it tle Rock, Arkansas, and 1882. trank w. uidd t f i r s t C apitol B uilding. W alter W. Wishon, c la s s of S S T S - S i C i ? ' £ regi on o f C a lifo rn ia , and f r o . i t

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nfi S ? i f l n ? 3 ' derabl! f °rtu ne- His uncle, Albert Wishon, developed the beginnings c f r s » s S ™ o f 81"".!

Ct^ ° out o f tte sane’ area. Arthur C. Carson, s cio n of a Maramec Iron Works fam ily, helped to s ta rt and sink the great 8 ^ the samples.

Butte area ° f Montanaadd many others to these

Were sP ^ e to permit,* we E ould

18« f ^ ^ r i J S t e t e t e o l o g l c a l Survey.- This Survey had been in it ia t e d in a .? ’ q°f n*1Ge0rf ! Swallow, cf the State U niversity, as i t s f i r s t administra­ tor. o i . f a l l o w and his associates made a most remarkable beginning fo r tte urvey, and published the findings in a comprehensive volume. He was succeeded by others n e ith e r so capable or as in te re ste d , so that by 1875 the Survey had been removed from Columbia to J efferson C ity, and was in a languishing con d ition . in an e f f o r t to revive the Survey, the Legislature by Act of March 18, 1875, tra n sferred the Survey to tte School of Mires, at R olla, together with a l l i t s records and p rop erty . The S c h o o l's d ire c to r was made custodian o f al 1 th is property but the S chool was to name a professor o f geology, who should be the Survey’ s a ctive head. But the cu rators fa ile d t o appoint such a p ro fe sso r, so tte School had none, n eith er had the Survey an e n t ir e ly le g a l head i In th is predicament, there seemed to be no other way in which the Survey could be conducted — and so D irector Williams assumed the n on -existent chair cf geology, and proceeded to conduct the Survey. Unfortunately, this arrangement disp leased the e r r a t ic Phelps County representative in the L egislature - Dr. C.H. Storfcs- and f r i c t i o n developed between him and D irector W illiam s. In a f i t o f d isp lea su re, S to rts defeated a State appropriation designed to finance the survey and it s work. This led to D irector W illiams resign ation in June o f 1877- But in order t o complete such studies and work as he had started, he remained on at R olla u n t il February o f 1878, when he qu it as "a ctin g state g e o lo g is t", and returned to P hiladelphia to l i v e . I t was l e f t to others to revive and continue the Geolo­ g ic a l Survey - which fo r some years was returned to J efferson C ity.

Dr._ Charles_ E.J/Jait Become s. D ir e c t o r .- Dr. Charles Edmuhd Wait succeeded D ire ctor Charles P* W illiam s, and came to R olla on August 29, 1877. He was at that time sin gle - but in 1879 married the lo v e ly Miss L elia Beasley, o f Petersburg, V irg in ia . He ted p reviou sly taught mathematics and science in S t. John’ s C ollege, at L it t le Rock, Arkansas. In 1875, for a b r ie f time, he was chemist fo r the Ala­ bama G -eological Survey, then spent a year as chemist with the Sacramento Smelting and R efin in g Go., in C a lifo rn ia . Then he spent the year 1876-77 with the Arkansas Antimony Co., superintending it s mines and reducing furnaces. From there he came to R o lla .

In an e f f o r t t o r e s t r ic t the o ffe rin g s o f the School of Mines, the several "ch a irs " or p ro fe sso rsh ip s were reduced to four onlyi ( l ) A nalytical Chemistry and M etallu rgy; (2 ) Pure ard Applied Mathematics; (3) Engineering and Graphics; and (4 ) Languages, coupled with preparatory stu d ie s. S a la ries, which previr ioly had been $ 2 ,0 0 0 per p rofessorsh ip , were now reduced to $ 1 ,5 0 0 . But the L egislature gave tte S ch ool i t s f i r s t substantial state appropriation of $15,000 f o r the b i ­ en n iu m .^ ^ "shake-up" when tte curators "vacated" a l l prevoois appointments, P ro f, J.A .A bert was named P rofessor of Engineering and teaphics - Van Court Yantis headed tte new Mathematics department - P rof. Robert Douthat continued in charge of Languages and Dr. Wait took charge cf A n alytical Chemistry and M etallurgy. i L r f S S n e d l n October of 1877, and Maj a- Georg? D. Emerson then took over the department8 of c i v i l and mine e n g ite e r in g . Prof. I ^ t i s te s a g ^ d the 1873, and bv 1882 had been succeeded by P ro fs. E .J . J o lle y , Capt. Herey </. Cox, James ri. and by D en Prof . j o li ey took over tte p o s itio n of c h ie f of surveys f ^ itr T s ! ^ ‘ in whteh capacity he served f o r tte next fo r ty years n ^ /r /f^ o r d ie in to the next s e c tio n of our generte.

^ t ry

, -

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CVM

9/2/69

1870's

- 93 -

Some J ^ n c l u s i o n s J a spe c t in g E a rly S ch o o l_ o f M in e s.- We think th is short 6? l y 6Vn ei?Js at the S ch ool o f Mines h ig h -lig h ts these c o n c lu s io n s : (1) C all^re o f the te ch n ica l training given, even to these f i r s t graduof * l J 7 a mOSt d is t in Suished fa c u lty ; (2) The spread, to a l l parts he nation, o f t h is tech n ical "know-how", and the s k i lls imparted to these farm area boys at M issouri School of Mines; and (3) tte fa c t that these in trepid a ownoui ers did a splendid thing when they b a ttle d and won in bringing this noted in s t it u t io n to th e ir town.

In la te r pages, we s h a ll fo llo w , b r ie f ly , the development and a f fa ir s o f the School - now ca lle d "The U niversity o f Missouri at R o lla ". Those who desire complete and greater d e t a il than here recorded may find i t in our "H istory of Mis_souri_S£hool of_M ines_andJietallurgy", a 1040 page book published in_ 1941.~

ROLLA»S EARLY PROFESSIONALJEN 1860-1880 J J J a i l Of_Early_Doctors_And_Denti£t£.- We present the l i s t o f ea rly d octors in two groups, thus: (a) Those who were in R olla before 1865; and (b) those who came a ft e r I865. An a d d ition a l l i s t w ill be included for those who came during the period 1880-1900. Those here before I865 were th ese: ( A ll "d octors" ) .

John G .J ia r s h a ll. F irst treasurer o f R olla Masonic Blue Lodge. Died 1863.

J J J o r m a n d ie ^ Was here before and during C iv il War. Died before I865.

J._W^ T h r a ilk ill. Here in e a r lie s t 1860’ s. Had drug store, Masonic Hall 4th S t.

W»_G> H arrison. Came to R olla in August, 1861.

W illiam Ap£ley. Here as e a rly as 1859.

J ._D«_ Huds£eth. Here in 1862.

E.T. Robberson. From S p rin g fie ld . Here during C iv il War. Had a drug sto re .

John_Salter Frjost. Had farm at Macedonia, 6 m iles north of R olla .

R._Burns. Here as early as I860.

Leander Prigmore. Here before 1865. B u ilt b rick house, S.E. Cor 3rd & R olla Sts. N._Barron. Here before I865. Helped treat I865 smallpox victim s.

Wnu E l l i s Glenn. Graduate o f Iris h Medical C ollege, Dublin. Here before I865.

Chief d octor trea tin g victim s o f the I865 smallpox epidem ic. C ivic minded. 1871 p rofessor of hygiene, School o f Mines. 1876 u n iv e rsity cu rator, v ice president cf tte board. 1880 went to Lead, S. Dak., where he died, 1880. Interred at Columbus, Ohio. Splendid c it iz e n .

L .J U W ilson. Here in 1862. Very active in c iv ic a f fa ir s . Had an 8th S t. drug s t o r e . Lost i t in great fir e of I865. Was corporation secretary fo r "R olla C olleg e", 1867-68. Capaole, popular.

The d octors who came to R olla after I865, and were here before 1881, were th ese: Richard Love J o h n son. Very capable, c i v i c minded physician, high ly respected.

Samuel B. Rcwe. Capable, c i v i c minded. Served on c it y cou n cil and R olla ~ sch ool board. E stablished the Faulkner drug s to re . Father o f Mrs. M illard Faulkner and Miss Roberta Rowe.

J. D. Carpenter. Father of Mrs. Frank B. Powell and Miss Grace Carpenter.

Thomas J . Jone£. Capable, c i v i c minded. Served on c it y co u n cil.

E .—aT B o lle s . C iv ic minded. Served on c i t y cou n cil - la s t one unde: ch arter.

John~Feteer. Veteran R olla d o cto r o f this period . Served on sch ool board, 1374.

U .L .J ^ y e t te . Among R o lla 's forem ost d octors o f tte period.

Several d octors who were in R o lla with Union troops, in 1861-62, were th ese: Drs. Delos W. Young, head surgeon, S i d n e y H a w l e y and Jethro A. Hatch, a ssista n ts, 13th 111.- Volunteer In fa n try Regt. Dr^ SamuelJraig^Plummer, c h ie f surgeon, 36th I I ] . Volunteer Infantry Regt. "

CVM 9/3/69

1 8 7 0 's

- 94 -

There were d en tists other than dose we are able to name below . These were here a fte r the C iv il War, during the period 1865-80.

— — — 7-* " erhaps the most prominent o f these d e n tis ts . He was a lso R olla s forem ost photographer. jr1- 1-* . Another R olla d e n tist, thought to be brother of W.J. - aHk-i. Not only a d e n tis t, but c iv ic minded. Served on c it y co u n cil. £ - _ H£ v e y . v e r y e a r ly R olla d e n tis t. D etails la ck in g.

— Kauffman. Good d e n tis t. E piscopalian. C ivic minded. Wife was a promi­ nent s o c ia lit e , a ctive in E piscopal c i r c l e s . * ••• Surveyors, And Engineers, Who Ape 0f_R ecord.- We cannot l i s t all such tech­ n icia n s , but do have the follow in g l i s t : Maj_og Douglas, R•_Bushne l 1. Second in command of the 13th 111. Volunteer In fa n try regiment. Designed and started Fort Wyman, R o lla .

Buchanan. He made the very f i r s t survey cf Town of Rolla, 1859. Was associated with old Southwest Branch of P a c ific Railroad, now F risco .

Acted as e a r lie s t Phelps county surveyor.

Jameg E ._C lark. Served as Phelps Co. Surveyor, Aug. 28,1865 to Apr.17,1868.

Ge£._H_. R._Richardspn. Deputy Co. Surveyor, Aug»,1872 to D ec., 1873* F. D. Mprgan. County Surveyor, 1869-71. Taught music in A llen ’ s High School.

Thomas_D_1 Smith. Veteran County Surveycr, 1872-76 and la t e r . Veteran member o f R olla sch ool board, and other community agencies.

D._Watkins. County Surveyor, 1877-78.

W illiam Snelson. Alumnus of School of Mine s . One o f Phelps County1s very best county surveyors. Engineer fo r Caribou Mine, Boulder county, C o lo ., operated by the ’Wm. James in te r e s ts . 1881-87.

Enoch F e r r e ll. Served fo r a short time e ith e r as ea rly county surveycr, or as deputy. R o lla 's e a r lie s t sch ool teacher. State representative from Phelps Co., 1877-1880.

Milton_Sgnte e . Served a short time as one of e a r lie s t county surveyors. ~ Was a forem ost rea l esta te agent, associated with old Southwest Branch P a c ific ra ilroa d - now the F risco . For a year cr so was e d ito r o f the "R olla E xpress." From Ro11§l, went to C a lifo rn ia . A capable man.

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R o ll_C a ll O f_R olla£s_E arly_A ttorneys.- We d ivid e the l i s t o f attorneys Into two groups - these here before 1865 - and those who were here during the period irtZr- to j- _ 1880. n m i-------------- here befere r These C,aine_Between_186£ And 1880^ I865 The_se_were I865: Chas. C. Bland Sami. G. W illiam s .James CKauvTn Azro Emory Richard P. Bland B. F. Trigg Edward A. Seay Geo. F. Harrington Aaron Van Wormer Wm. C. Kelly E lija h Perry Jarre s M. McGuire / Hamilton E. Baker J.L. Hutchinson Arthur Corse Wm. G. Pomeroy J H. P. Perry Luman F. Parker Robt. Meriwether James B. Harrison Wm. Wallace Southgate Thos. M. Jones . . Brown _ . _ . Sanders Gen. Ewing Y M itch e ll W illiam H. Murphy A h i s t o r ic a l w riter in 1889 made the f o i l owing c omments concernong a number /

ot

th ese^ m en ^ ^ ^

a youJlg FrenchrDa„.

A good, plain business lawyer, »ho en­

joyed f a, d^ C U£hi 8b e L educated member of the Phelps County oar o f e a r ly year's.- He was a graduate cf Brown U niversity, Providence, R . l . He ex celled both as a pleader, and as general counsel. He was a curator of th varsity o f Missouri., 1871, and Phelps County c ir c u it judge, 1869-1376.

Har-T-infxton was from Ohio. He had strong secession sympathies. He was a fa ir ly a • * » « » nature atened by Union o f f ic e r s , because o f his p r o -s e c e s s io n a c t iv it ie s , he l e f t R olla before 1 -+.

CVM 9/3/69

1870's

- 95 -

^~r ~ - r^ g£ was a good lawy e r » an e x c e lle n t speaker, but a v io le n t s e c e s s io n is t .

He f l e d from R o lla as the Union Army cams to R o lla in June, 1861. Joined the Con­ fed era te Army.

—r^. Hutchinson was a young man o f f a i r ed u ca tion and strong s e ce s sio n pro­ c l i v i t i e s . He was R o lla * s f i r s t c i t y c le r k . He f le d from R o lla in 1861.

Mr-r McGuire was a f a i r l y educated man. As a law yer, he was a good speaker, and had a shrewd mind. A fte r the war, he serred as a B a p tist m in is te r, and was p a stor o f the R o lla B a p tis t church f c r the 188 5-86 y e a r / Mr.*. £ ilL ia n s_w a s a V irg in ia n . He was w itty , humorous, g e n ia l, popular.

B efore the ju r y , he was stro n g and e f f e c t i r e . He was a member o f Gov. C la ib . Jack­ s o n 's M issouri le g is la t u r e in 1860-61 - an aid-de-cam p to Gen. M.M. Parsons in charge o f Confederate tr o o p s . P re fe rr in g not to f ig h t , he re -e n te re d R o lla under p a r o le , and liv e d here u n t il about 1887, when he and Mrs. W illiam s removed to Carjbhage, M issou ri, then t o Roanoke, V irg in ia , where he served th at c i t y as mayor.

Mr._R_.JFk Bland had, and used, a keen, e n e r g e tic mind, and handled his cases with v ig o r . For a year a r /E ft e r the C iv i l War, he and his b ro th e r, C harles, had a j o i n t o f f i c e at 3rd and R o lla s t r e e t s , R o lla . He then removed t o Lebanon, and during the 1890*s campaigned v ig o r o u s ly fo r " fr e e coinage of s i l v e r " . In 1896, he l o s t t o W illiam Jennings Bryan the p r e s id e n t ia l nom ination on the Dem ocratic t ic k e t .

Mr_j_ Charles. .C ._B land.-served R o lla as mayor, than became c i r c u i t judge o f the 19th j u d i c i a l d i s t r i c t u n t il, in 1896, he was e le c t e d a judge of ths S t . Louis ( e a ste rn M issou ri ) a p p e lla te c o u r t. He returned t o R olla to p r a c t ic e law in 19___ .

Mr_j_ Van Wormer. was educated as a m in is te r . He had more a b i l i t y than energy.

His p r o fe s s io n a l p r a c t ic e s u ffe r e d . He l o s t in p o p u la r ity when he d iv o rce d h is w ife , p r e s id in g through the whole p roceed in g . He afterward re-m arried h e r. He was a v etera n o f th e Union Army in the C iv il W ar.. He d ied about 1884.

Mr_. Seay was State Senator from the R o lla area fo r two terms, 1875-76 and I 877 - 7 8 . He was in t e r e s te d in many e a r ly R o lla e n te r p r is e s , and was a d ir e c t o r o f the e a r l i e s t R o lla bank. He removed to Salem, M isso u ri.

Mr._ Pone ro y cane to R o lla from S t e e lv ille . He was an e x c e lle n t business law yer, e s p e c i a l l y successfb.1 in c o l l e c t i n g . He was not so ex a ct as he was vigorous and p op u la r. He spearheaded se v e ra l of R o l l a 's e a r lie s t in d u s t r ie s , in clu d in g the R o lla F lou r M ills and the N ational Bank. He serred as R olla *s mayor, 1879-31.

He d ie d w h ile in o f f i c e .

I

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f V-. • v m 7/P-7/69

- 96 CULTURE AND ZNTSRTAINLL.-NT 1865 - 1830

L ib ra ry And U altu ral_C lu bs. - One o f the e a r l i e s t such org a n iza tion s in R o lla was the R o lla B ib le S o c ie t y . I t had e x is te d even b e fo re November o f 1869 when, in a m eeting at the P resb yteria n church, a new se t o f o f f i c e r s was e le c t e d .

Thomas Maxwell was the r e t i r i n g p r e s id e n t. Newly e le c t e d were th ese: P residen t, Cyrus H. F r o s t . .v i c e p re sid e n t, Dr. L .A . Wilson ..s e c r e t a r y -t r e a s u r e r , Thomas a s s o c ia t e v ic e p re sid e n ts were Rev. Andrew Luce (P resb yteria n p a s to r ) ..

Rev. L .F . Walden (M ethodist p a sto r) . . . John Ing . . and Thomas Q. Emerson. W.J.C. Taylor was the "d e p o s ito r y " ( cu stod ia n o f p r o p e r ty ). The board o f d ir e c t o r s c o n s is te d o f th e s e : A .S. Lc ng . Dr. Wm. E. Glenn G. W. W ilson S tillm a n Ruggles A lex. H. Orchard John Massie Enoch P. F e r r e ll Henry Beal H. L. ’.Theat In the m eetings o f 1869, the S o c ie ty heard two addresses and c o lle c t e d &50.

In January o f 1871, the S o c ie ty e le c t e d new o f f i c e r s - th e se : P residen t, C.H. F ro st . . v i c e p re sid e n ts th ese: Robert P. Faulkner ..R e v . A. Luce ..R e v . J.W. Johnson . . Rev. C.C. Tipton . . Judge Aaron VanWormer . . C ol. Isa ac S. Warmoth .

Thomas Maxwell was s e cr e ta ry , H.L. Wheat a s s is t a n t . Rev. Luce was trea su rer, and W .J.C . T aylor d e p o s ito r y .

The new boani o f d ir e c t o r s in clu d ed th ese: A .S - Long Henry Beal Azro Emory S tillm a n Ruggles John W. L ivesay Thomas Belknap A le x . H. Orchard G.W. W ilson L t. W illiam s John M assie Dr. Wm. E. Glenn Thos Q. Emerson The S o c ie t y had a ls o been a c tiv e in 1870 - had ra ise d 0116.42. This had been spent fa r purchase o f B ib le s . To th is sum, in 1871, the S o c ie ty added $ 2 4 . 2 0 . I t now had a c o l l e c t i o n o f books and B ib le s worth $130.

In A p r il o f 1873, the S o c ie ty met to m em orialize i t s form er p re sid en t, Thomas Maxwell, who had d ie d . Rev. Andrew Luce had removed from R o lla . The new o f f i c e r s now e le c t e d were th e se : P resid en t, Cyrus H. F rost . . v ic e p re sid e n ts A le x . Demuth and P r o f. Wm. Cooch ( o f M.S.M. fa c u lt y ) ..s e c r e t a r y , P r o f. Nelson W. A llen ..t r e a s u r e r , A lex. Orchard . . and d e p o s ito r y , W .J.C. T a y lor. The d i­ r e c t o r s were Andrew Malcolm. .A .S . Long . . John Massie ..E .J . ...orris ..Thomas B el­ knap.

R olla -tow n cou ld n ot oe " t o t a l l y immoral" when busy community and b u s i­ ness men l i k e th ese jo in e d tog eth er in such an a c t i v i t y , d isre g a rd in g t h e ir d i f ­ fe r e n c e s in church, c o lle g e , and b u sin ess a c t i v i t i e s .

The R olla. L ib ra ry A s s o c ia tio n was another u p lif t in g agency during the 1 8 7 0 's . As e a r ly as January o ' 1870, i t e le c t e d a se t o f o f f i c e r s , somewhat in t e r lo c k in g w ith the B ib le S o c ie t y . W.H. F orce, who owned and operated a lumber yard and a p la n in g m i l l , was p r e s id e n t. Rev. Andrew Luce was le c t u r e r .

Ine d ir e c t o r s were W.H. Force ..R e v . Andrew Luce . . Amos J . Richardson . . H.L. ./heat . .

Wm. W allace S ou th gate.

In 1871, a le x . Demuth was p re s id e n t, Dr. W illiam E. Glenn v ic e p resid en t, W.W. Southgate s e c r e ta r y , and Robert P. Faulkner tre a s u re r . The d ir e c t o r s were th e s e : Rev. Andrew Luce . .H. Garvens . . Amos J. Richardson . . A le x . Demuth . .

W.W. Southgate . . and R obert • Faulkner.

The A s s o c ia tio n held i t s m eetings both in the County Court House, and in the P resb y teria n church. B esides ouying and review ing books, i t s program included o c c a s io n a l le c t u r e s - one by E lija h P erry on "The U.S. C o n s titu tio n ".

In November o f 1871, Dr. Wm. E. Glenn became p re sid e n t, and David ^alcolm s e c r e t a r y . The A s s o c ia tio n now met in O 'B rie n 's b r ic k s to re , on the e a st side o f Pine s t r e e t , between 7th and 8 th s t r e e t s . In i t s reading room, i t had ta b le s , lam ps, c h a ir s , ard book ca se s. I t s o l i c i t e d g i f t s o f books, newspapers, and m agazines. I t r e g u la r ly su b scrib ed f o r the S t . Louis newspapers.

CVM 7/17/69

* 97 -

ar P 16 Assoclat;Lon going strong in 1872. A .S . Dearborn was oresident, ';®r^-rDan s®crf fcary, G*w* Burns lib r a r ia n .

In the s o c ie t y 's room they now had 140 bound books, 11 weekly newspapers, 9 d a ily newspapers, and 28 magazines. ew members included Rolla s public school superintendent, P rof. Fred S . 'flood with these others: attorneys E .A . Seay and S.G . W illiam s - James W illiam s ard’ James e v in s.

In A p ril, P rof. Campe of the School of Mines presented the le c tu re . i.-ore funds were needed - as w e ll as more members - so on A p ril 5th the A ssociation^staged a b en e fit b a ll at Germania H a ll.

This was follow ed, on April 25th, by a c a lic o b a ll , for which the la d ie s came dressed in c a lic o gowns.

In May^of 1 8 /2 , new o f iic e r s took charge. A.R. Dearborn (druggist) was president, Dr. Charles H. S torts and Ga p t. H. Garvens vice presidents. J .S .

Wertman was recording secretary, J .S . Livesay fin a n c ia l secretary, Dr. M.C. Hutche­ son treasu rer, and G.W. Burns lib r a r ia n . t

c

But now, d i f f i c u l t i e s began to a r is e . Borrowers f a i l e d to return books.

How g e t them, back ? Seemingly, the adm ission fe e was too large, so i t was reduced from 45 t o ^ 2 .5 0 . L a dies, not h e re to fo re adm itted, were now in v ite d t o j o i n . And chess p la y in g was added t o book reading I Among the p r in c ip a l magazines su b scrib ed f o r in 1875 were th ese: H a rp er's magazine - the A tla n tic - S c r ib n e r 's - the Aldir.e - and the P h ren olog ica l J ou rn al.

The Youths Companion, published by Perry Mason & Co., was a lto g e th e r p op u lar, w ith i t s continued s t o r ie s w r itte n by C.A. Stephens, Louisa ... A lc o t t , and e ig h t o th e r s .

The Town_LibraryJ_s_Influe:nee. - E d ito r Walbridgs P ow ell, o f the R o lla New Era, was q u ite im pressed by the in flu e n ce o f the town lib r a r y thus d e s crib e d .

In two separate e d i t o r i a l s in March, 1876 , he had th is t o say: (1 ) " We are proud to n o tic e a growing ta ste fo r reading among n e a rly al 1 c la s s e s o f p eople here . The causes are perhaps to be found in the in flu e n ce ex­ e rte d by the S ch o o l of Mines, and the d is t r ib u t io n o f sch ola rs through variou s parts o f the c i t y .

The examples se t by the p r o fe s s o r s and p u p ils have the e f f e c t o f s tim u la tin g im it a tio n , and i t i s a l i v e l y hope we have o f seein g, a t no very d a te, a £onmunity_ in_R olla_that_ is _ n c t _ o n ly g e n e r a lly and h ighly_educated, but, many d is tin g u is h e d by th e i p r o f ic ie n c y in s cie n ce , in the fin e a r ts , arid in_the highest, g u ltu r e attaine_d_in modern c i v i l i z a t i o n ^ Speed the plow i Haste the day l" ( 2 ) " Among ev id en ces o f the p rogress o f knowledge in R o lla and v i c i n i t y i s the co n s id e r a b le in cre a se in the stock o f books and oth er reading matter dispen­ sed by our d e a le r s .

The s a le s are not very e x te n siv e , but the distribu tion and c i r c u l a t i o n o f books and magazines is q u ite la r g e , as compared with a few years p a s t.

There i s s c a r c e ly a house w ithout a good book c o l l e c t i o n , and i t i s n o t ic e ­ a b le that the books in _ t h e _ c ir c u la t ing l ib ra ry , k egt_in the £ o s t _ o f f i c e b u ild in g , are p a ssin g through many hands."

C ultural_C lubs_A t S ch o o l^ o f Mines_.- The Shakespearean Club was among the e a r l i e s t o f se v e ra l c u ltu r a l clu bs organized by S ch ool o f Mines students, with f a c u lt y a id . P r o fe s s o r s James W. Abert and George D. Emerson were the f a c u lt y sp on sors.

The group in clu d ed both young men and young women. This group enjoyed b oth le c t u r e s in Shakespeare, and a ls o the reading o f h is works.

The I r v in g _ S o c ie t y was another o f the outstanding entertainm ent and c u l­ t u r a l a g en cies a t"th e S ch ool o f M ines. One o f i t s programs w i l l g iv e some id ea o f i t s n a tu re .

This one fo r June 28 , lr, , 6 .

Opening Event .......................................Music D ebate: "There should be an eduOpening address .................... John A. Pack c a t io n a l q u a lif ic a t io n f o r g ssa y .................................

Thomas S. Lane v o t e r s . . . .Lee R. G r a b ill, D e c la m a t io n .................... George L. Love Edw.Durment v s. Gus P. Brene and R -if a tio n ....

Miss Mary VanWormer Andrew VanWormer E s lly ....................................... M iss Turner In terlu d e .............................. Music D e c la m a tio n ................... James D. Watkins Declamation ...C h a s . 0 . Orchard R e c it a t io n ...............

Miss Coppedge Reading: The Irv in g Review, the O r ig in a l poem .................... Gus P. Brene c lu b 's minute r e c o rd . . .B.Hatch — F inale —

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— — — i £. H l - i l i S i ® 1861-1880 —us_i,cal Entertainm ent, _ 1^ 69_—lSSO^- J ith the a n im o sitie s generated by the C i v i l !»ar, i t i s remarkable that R o lla should have staged any m u sica l events a t a ll t h is near t o the c lo s e o f th a t c o n f l i c t .

There were then none o f the modern musi­ c a l f a c i l i t i e s such as phonographs, ra d io , and t e le v is io n . I f towns—people had any entertainm ent a t a l l , other than the o c c a s io n a l shows and c ir c u s e s that v is it e d town - they had t o cre a te i t them selves - which, at th at, had many advantages.

P°n The. Zean_1862, we record that there were pianos in R o lla as e a rly as I 8 6 9 . Jeremiah S. French so ld them, along w ith drugs, m edicines, and chem icals.

Church groups le d o f f w ith an assortm ent o f c o n c e r t s . The P resb y teria n s, w ith a Sunday S ch ool co n c e r t in J u ly . . In August the news e d it o r asked, "'./here i s our band? I t h a s n 't been heard, from in months. Some o f the p la y e rs are gone, but the instrum ents are s t i l l h e r e ." . . On December 8 th , a s p e c ia l co n ce rt was given by a Mr. and Mrs. Ames and t h e ir two daughters, aided by Miss E lla R hinehart.

Perhaps the y e a r 's outstanding perform ances were g iv en by R o lla 's "Harmony S in gin g S o c i e t y " , composed o f R o lla 's German c i t i z e n s .

These were t h e ir o f f i c e r s : P re sid e n t, George Goettelmann . . v ic e p re sid e n t L .F . Scherpe ..s e c r e t a r y A.Juenemann . . tre a s u re r Ferdinand Strobach. The membership r o l l was t h is : Henry C lein o C. Guenther J. Suess David H irsch i J .J . D e n tlin g e r L. Kraueger Chas. Totsch Chas. Strobach,S r Wm. Sch neider Wm. Lepper M. D e ib e l T. K e lle r Ed Woelke Frank Rogers H. Hartmann E . . . Kraus John H ir s c h i C. Goettelmann Wm. H e lle r Music_ In _ 1 8 7 0 .- The Harmony Singing S o c ie t y le d o f f w ith a co n ce rt and tab­ lea u in February. The tableau was from S c h i l l e r 's p la y, "The R obbers". Of the perform ance, the e d it o r sa id , " I t was a great su ccess - c o u ld n 't be su rp a ssed ."

I t had been staged in the old C iv il War team sters barn - in 1870 c a lle d "Bishop* s T h ea tre", where many such events were held f o r many years l a t e r .

'The proceeds o f t h is event went t o a "German s ch o o l fund".

In March, the "North” M ethodists fo llo w e d with a monthlv Sunday S ch ool con­ c e r t . During March and A p r il, P ro f. Simeon W. P h illip s , who had been a tea ch er in the s c h o o ls a t R e lfe and R o lla , organ ized and tra in ed a twelve p ie c e brass band at R e lfe .

This band played far v a riou s events a l l over Phelps coun ty. The members were th e s e : B.D. Freeman S.W. P h i l l i p s , le a d e r F.M. Coppedge M.L. Bradford Louis A L iv esa y J.H . McFarland L .L . Coppedge J.M. Freeman Geo. I . Bradford S .V . B radford J .A . B radford J .R . Freeman T his J.H . McFarland was the fa th e r o f R o lla 's Dr. A.S. McFarland. Jack R. Freeman was the husband o f Annie Duncan, who ( Mrs ..nnie rreeman) s t i l l l i v e s in R o lla , in her " n i n e t i e s " .

In A p r il, the Harmony Singing S o c ie ty l "Harmonia G esangverein") gave a b a ll at the^Grant H o te l.

This was fo llo w e d , in may , by a " L it t l e Old F olks" co n cert in Shaw's Opera rooms in the Gr&fife H otel. P ro f, a W .P h illip s was the d ir e c t o r .

In September, a number of R o lla 1s " l i v e young men" formed a R o lla Brass a good te a ch e r", p o s s ib ly P ro f.

Band. They had a f u l l se t o f instruments - and P h illip s .

The boys w ere: Frank B. Dismer John Weymier John F a lls L ouis D. L iv esa y W illiam Buskett James Fort James W illiam s George E. Bonne 11 Louis H eintz John Kaine George Burns W illiam F ort In November, a h ig h -c la s s music tea ch er in the person o f P r o f. L.Lybecker came to R o lla . He had l a t e l y been a tea ch er in the S t. James Seminary, n e a r_R o lla .

S T h ad come to America from Stockholm , Sweden. He now formeu music c la s s e s in R n l / r He was e s p e c i a l l y a tea ch er o f piano f o r t e . Of him, the e d ito r said , He i s an*accom plished te a ch e r, worthy o f our patronage. He i s th orou ^ i, and we recom­ mend him ."

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Harmony In_1872.~ The Harmony Singers again took the lead in the 1S72

programs, meeting with th e ir presiden t, George Goettelmann, in January. The same month, P r o f. Amos J. Richardson, who was a p u blic school teacher, organized a popula r , w e ll patronized, much needed singing c la s s . There was no musical in stru ction in the p u blic schools such as th is - and he a ttra cted some s ix ty p u p ils. He gave twelve lesson s in t h is program, and charged -$1.50 fo r each per p u p il.

On June 7th, he staged a^ r e c i t a l by his cla ss at the Presbyterian church, and charged 2 5 cents fo r admission. The e d ito r said, " The event was h ig h ly pleasin g. Do i t again."

P r o f. Richardson not only taught singing - he also encouraged pupil par­ t ic ip a t io n in instrumental music — and in so doing sold Mathushek pianos, Chase and Babcock pianos and organs. ...Rolla agents for the Viele & Mills company, in S t.

Louis, sold pianos made by Checkering, Steinway, and Arion. They featured Estey cottage organs. You could buy ..ason and Hamlin organs, made up in Boston. Their fo u r-octa v e model sold for $50 - the five-octave for $100 to $125. On a Kansas farm, the mother of one of the present writers had a five-octave model. ...In Rolla, the town’ s piano tuner was J.J. Dentlinger, one of those German Harmony Singers.

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F°r_ 1873,_ our record_is limited to A.J. RicEardson was stxlT teaching a vocal pu pils in recital in May. The editor said voca l music is fine." We add that, within badly failing health, had to leave Rolla.

a single item - and that is that Prof. music class. He again presented his of him, " His reputation as a teacher of a few short years, Prof. Richardson, in

1874 Record i s likew ise lim ited to a sin gle item . And that is that a Mrs. Simmons, liv in g at 9th and Pine s tre e ts , was giving piano le sso n s. She char­ ged $5-00 per month per p u p il. ...T here is but l i t t l e doubt that a R olla band e x is ­ ted fo r both years, 1873 and 1874, and also that the several churches continued with Sunday School and other concerts . The Harmony Singers may also have continued th e ir program in one or hoth o f the years.

Music_ From_187^ To_1872. receives scant record in our story. There were undoubtedly many more musical events than we mention. In 1875, the "Swiss Bell Ringers" appeared at Rolla’s Germania Hall - once in May, a second time in December.

In December, the Methodists gave a concert in which Dr. William. E. Glenn, Rolla ph ysician and curator of the Missouri University, sang as a solo that beautiful old song, " Gome Where My Love Lies Dreaming". Editor Powell said that ” Dr. Glenn has mistaken his calling. He should have chosen a career as a gifted singer. He displays a splendid voice. Those who heard this song will never forget it."

As the story was told to us by one who c lo s e ly knew Dr. Glenn, he liv e d in Dublin, Ireland, before coming to America. He had won his medical degree there.

While th ere, a be. u t i f u l young woman, su fferin g from the "sleepin g sick n ess", was brought to him. He was given charge o f her, and for weeks tried to arouse her — to no a v a il. I t i s said that he f e l l deeply in love with her - out death cheated p him. The in cid en t plunged him in to depths o f mourning. This song at the Methodist church undoubtedly was in memory o_ her .

One more item fo r 1875 takes us to 1878. That item is that Rev. James H. Scott fa th er o f Homer and John W. S co tt, and of Mrs. George R. Dean, in that year was manufacturing, here in R olla, that model o f organs ca lle d "m elodians."

For 1878 We Record_ that Homer S co tt, just mentioned, had fo r the past C fiv e ye ar s~conduct ed_ a music sch o o l. He had such a school when the fam ily liv e d at Abingdon, near Bloomington, I l l i n o i s , before coming to R o lla . During the 1880 s ae would conduct the Western Conservatory of Music, here in R o lla , as we re la te in a la t e r s e ctio n o f th is s tory .

There Was Also In 1878, A Rolla_Band. In October, the boys decided to p u r o h a s e liw -s U v e F ^ ito Y h S r M T "They th erefore sold the old tra ss set to the negro boys who liv e d "down in Happy Hollow" - as the area around E lkins Chapel, at 1st and Elm s tre e ts was c a lle d . And thus there was a lso a negro band in - o l l a .

Vfe c lo s e this part o f our story by noting that, as the year closed , parlor organs made by George Wood & Co., o f Cambridge, Mass., were sold in R olla .

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18_20_-_1880 .

H°m e_Circle 0 f_ 1 8 7 0 .- R o lla * s entertainm ent throughout t h is 1870-1380 p eriod in clu d ed s o c i a l and t h e a t r ic a l ev en ts, b esid es the m usical events ju s t de­ s c r ib e d .

There were a ls o programs of f i e l d sp orts and r a c e s . The p resen t group o f such events d e s c r ib e s some o the s o c i a l and t h e a t r ic a l fu n ctio n s o f the p erio d .

I t was in 187- that the men o f r o l l a organized a "Home C ir c le " t o promote s o c i a l e v e n ts . In March, the group gave a " b a l l " in the Opera Room o f the Grant H o te l. In June, on two n ig h ts, a tr a v e lin g t h e a t r ic a l company gave a number o f p lays at^ Theatre H a ll1' — the old C iv il War team sters' barn on b lo ck 47 - the t r a c t bounded by 5th and 6 th, Main and Park s t r e e t s , Mr. Bishop, the owner, had f i t t e d the old sta b le up f o r such t h e a t r ic a l perform ances and far p u b lic g a th e rin g s.

On t h is o cca s io n , the company 'pruna donna" was Miss N e llie Boyd, who assum­ ed the r o le o f "Lady I s a b e lle " and "i.iadame V ine" in the drama o f "East Lynne". She was 'J u lia n a " in "-honeymoon", and "P au lin e" in "Lady of L yons".

The men o f the group were M essrs. B reyer, Percy, and Harden. Other la d ie s and men o f the troupe were "good a c t o r s " .

Tne e d ito r sa id , "Last nigL t the show a ttra cte d a b ig crowd.

You had b e t t e r go e a r ly t o n i^ it - i f you want to g et s e a t s ."

In July, the M ethodist women held an i c e cream andstraw berry f e s t i v a l in the old warehouse o f Faulkner and Graves, on n orth sid e o f 8 th s t r e e t , next west o f the F r is c o r a ilr o a d .

I t became known, f i r s t , as "The Faulkner House" - and then as the "C ran dall House", a ce le b ra te d R o lla h o s t e lr y . . . I n such ways as th ese, t:.e s a la r ie s and oth er p e c u lia r needs of many R o lla church p astors were cared f o r . An ov ercoa t f o r the p a s to r , a d ress fo r h is w ife - maybe a cash o f f e r in g .

On another n ig h t, at the same p la ce , "the young fo lk s o f town" staged a b a l l .

S m ith 's band fu rn ish e d the m usic.

On August 4th, as f o r many yea rs, the R o lla negros ce le b ra te d th e ir own "Fourth of J u ly " - t h is bein g the anniversary when negros had been fre e d from s la v e r y in San Domingo. Most always, in these annual c e le b r a t io n s , the negros in s is t e d on having "the white f o lk s " come as g u ests, or as speakers.

Indoor ses­ sion s were h eld in the o ld Grant H otel opera roan, and f o r years wereattended by Miss L o la Shaw, daughter o f the owner, Hiram Shaw - and the lad y who supplied us with m u lt ifo ld fa c t s about e a r ly R o lla .

In _0 £ to b e rJ_ 1821, a number o f the younger men o f R o lla formed the "Germania C lub", in ord er to promote s o c ia l a f f a i r s . I t continued to e x is t f o r a number o f y e a rs . A f i r s t meeting p la ce was in the second f l o o r o f the O 'B rien b r ic k store b u ild in g , e a s t sid e o f Pine s t r e e t , between 7th and 8 th . I t la t e r removed t o the ren ovated hay l o f t o f a l i v e r y s t a b le , at immediate southwest corner o f 6 th and Pine . David Neuman was p re sid e n t of the clu b - Louis Auerbach the v ice p resid en t Henry C lein o the tre a s u re r , and Dr. John F etzer the s e cr e ta ry . A lb e rt Neuman and Charles S trobach , S r ., were among other members. These were very resp on sib le men.

Fun In 1872 Year" - sta rted with a Germania Club b a l l on January 1 s t. The Club- now_had 50 members. A r e a l "Leap Year" party was held in Germania H all January 1 8 th . as the e d it o r sa id , "S evera l hardened b a ch e lo rs were there as a ls o s e v e r a l b_abies." On February 15th, tne Germania xoI ks staged a memorable masquerade b a l l .

The costum es, worn by both men and women, were "e x ce e d in g ly r ic h .

At about the same tim e, a town group appeared in i t s f i r s t t h e a t r ic a l perform ance.

The troupe c o n s is te d o f the M isses Garvens, C orn ellson , and S o e st, and the M essrs.

Falk, Roehrn, and C a rl.

Church f e s t i v a l s , arranged by most o f R o lla s cnurches, were fre q u e n t, un May, the M ethodist women again had a straw berry f e s t i v a l in the o ld Faulkner House.

About the same tim e, the R o lla L ib ra ry A s s o c ia tio n had a s im ila r ev en t, as the e d it o r s a id , " The R o lla P u b lic L ib ra ry i s w e ll p a tro n iz e d ".

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,, . i^ Z 3 _ ^ r g ^ n ia ^ l-i._Ba.lls . - In 1073, the Germania Club fea tu red other o f t n e ir masquerade b a l l s , - a f i r s t one in February. P a rticip a n ts impersonated v a riou s prominent ch a ra cte rs o f the p ast - such as George and *~artha Washington and d ressed in costumes appropriate fc r those person s. Such masquerade b a lls were both freq u en t and popular in R o lla during the 1870 *s. , . — £urnac§_ And Iron _ ,'orks, e re cte d and operated by W illiam ^ames, the f i n a n c i a l l y a b le fa m ily of Dun, and o th e rs, was e sta b lish e d in June o f 1874. s a s to r e an., supply house, the concern b u i l t a huge three s to r y b r ic k m ercan tile b u ild in g a d | a c £ n j | | ^ nace • p la n t was some two m iles down the L i t t l e aneZ r i v e r ,/b e s i d e the ’ Jrrisco. .r a ilr o a d .

The p la ce was r e c e n tly c a lle d "Alhambra G r o t t o " . This s to r e b u ild in g served fo r U.S. Army headquarters in 1941, when Fort Leonard .Wood was b ein g s ta r t e d . I t was com p letely destroyed by f i r e on As rep orted on January 28 th, 1874, i t had been the scene o f a most memor­ ab le dance and b a l l . A l l the p r in c ip a l personages o f S t . James, and those con­ n ected w ith Maramec Iro n Works were there — as a ls o many o f he prominent s o c i a l­ i t e s from R o lla .

The women wore the most s t y lis h d resses o f the season. The men wore a p p rop ria te b a llroom s u i t s . Among those present were th ese: The Mesdames James Angus Dun ..Thomas James (nee O ctavia Bowles) ..Edward Seymour . . ’..’ .I .S o u th gate . . J .L . Samples . . and G ood a llj the Misses Iddie Rogers . .M illie Hudson . .

L iz z ie F ort . . J u lia Demuth . . and Florence I n g a lls ; and the M essrs. Janes Angus Dun . . Thomas James, J r. . .W illia m James . . Thomas -.assy . . Dr. Volker . .

Stimson.

Samuel G. W illiam s . . and G o o d a ll.

At_The_Sc_hool _of_MinesJ_In 187_4, the students in J u ly gave a p la y e n t it le d " L a lia " as a b e n e f it a f f a i r in b e h a lf o f the M ethodist Sunday S ch ool. And in December, the M.S.M. L it e r a r y S o c ie t y gave an "E x h ib itio n " c o n s is tin g o f r e c it a t io n s , e ssa y s, and other numbers. The re p o rte r sa id , " I t was very f i n e " .

I 876 Was. Leap_Year Again. I t was a ls o the hundredth anniversary o f the n a t io n 's independence. R o lla made c e r ta in that it_w as Leap Year by engaging in an u n u su ally la rg e number o f b a l l s , dances, and p a r t ie s . On January 2 1 st, f i f t y cou p les gathered f o r such a le a p year p a rty a t the old Faulkner House ( now c a l­ le d the C ran d all H ouse). The d resses worn by the la d ie s were sp e cta cu la r. Mrs David Malcolm wore a w h ite "T a rle to n " d re ss, with ro se co lo r e d co rsa g e . Mrs. E.M. Clark had a green s i l k d re ss, w ith white t a r le t o n o v e r s k ir t and s i l k co rsa g e .

Mrs. C.N. F lin t and Mrs. E .A . Seay came in b la ck s i l k s , with white ta r le to n trim­ m ings. M rs. James Green wore a Drown s i l k , w ith white s a tin corsage and trimmings.

Mrs. J .L . Sample had a green ta r le to n d re ss. Miss Creery was gowned in a black d re ss, w ith white t a r le t o n o v e r s k ir t , trimmed with m yrtle, and with a pink s illb o d ic e . Mrs Luman F. Parker came, decked in a bro n s i l k w ith white ta r le to n o v e r s k ir t trimmed in b lu e . And Miss May Turner wore a n e a tly trimmed brown o u t f i t .

This was r e a l l y a "h ig h -to n e d , c la s s y a f f a i r 1 .

The fo r e g o in g p a rty was so popular, so e x c it in g , that the fo llo w in g week a s im ila r event was held a t the Crandall House. For t h is o cca sio n , the women c a l­ le d f o r and escorted_the_m en - not n e c e s s a r ily th e ir PWh husbands 1 The sane week, another r i v a l group staged " i t s " v e rs io n of a lea p year p arty a t the Germania ••-•■1.

This group began the evening with a sumptuous supper at the ^rant n o t e l.

Ihen^ the p a r t ic ip a n t s re p a ire d to the Germania h a l l , and danced u n t il d a y lig h t, time the la d ie s wore no e la b o ra te evening gowns - but the men came dressed in a l l t h e ir b e s t . George Brucher had a form al co a t, v e s t, s t i f f white s h ir t , and pants t o matcn. W illiam H e lle r , J r ., had the same, minus the white s h i r t . Dr. W illiam E. Glenn wore gold-rim med s p e c ta c le s and high-topped b o o ts . Charles Strobach wore No. 10 bfogan s and "a l a peg top " pants, "and a white c o l l a r , turned down, exposing the b r e a s t " . E.M. Clark had a s t i f f , white stand-up c o l l a r , -no .m lliam H eller S r. , c a L in a heavy b la ck b ro a d clo th s u it - which kept him warm on a co ld winter n ig h t.

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• .. • 'as_T^e_haticn s_ Centennial_Year - the hundredth anniversary o f the signing o f the D eclaration o f Independence. Governor Chas,. H.'Hardin- recognizing campaign e f f o r t s in h is b eh a lf, sent Mr . and Mrs. Edmund W. Bishop to P hiladelph ia as M is s o u r i's represen tatives at the centennial ce le b ra tio n .

This was a v e ry s p e c ia l ieap__year , as w e ll as an anniversary not soon to come agam . The_re_ had t_o_be £ o c_ ia l_ a ctiv iLty ana £ommunity fun. And so the young men o f R o lla proceeded to organize a " S o c ia l C ircle C lu b "/ They named E.M. Clark as p r e s id e n t, and rented the old Germania H all - in " H e lle r 's B rick " - ju s t nor th o f the cen ter o f the b lo c k on e a st sid e o f Pine s t r e e t , between 7th and 8 th s t r e e t s .

Here the new clu b staged a dance and b e l l in e a r ly March.

1 2.1TT®r®.nJi Find_ 0 f P arty - lik e so many which occurred in al 1 the la t e r years — was held on August 26 th, 1876 , when a group o f s ix young men and ten young women went t o Maramec Spring fo r an a ll- d a y p i c n i c . In a horse-drawn ta lly h o , they l e f t R o lla at 6:00 o 'c lo c k In the morning - a rriv e d at the Spring a t ten o 'c l o c k had p ic n ic dinner at the head o f "the b e a u t ifu l blue sp rin g" - %nd l e f t f o r R olla at f i v e o 'c l o c k .

They were home at ten o 'c l o c k — and "wanted to go a g a in ". 'The group c o n s is te d o f th e se : f l o r a B ishop Emily Love Ida Strobach George Love Jennie Bishop L ola Shaw Sarah Hutcheson Andrew Van '.'former J u lia B ishop Laura Eaulkner J u lia Dean W illie Scott Miss S ella rd John S. L ivesay Arthur Hatch Almon Hare l n _ 1 8 7 2 > T a k e _ N o t e Of ju s t one item - the many others o f that year heing l i k e those o f form er y e a rs. Unis e ^ n t was another o f those "annual masked b a l l s " .

I t was h eld in the m iddle o f February. Some f i f t y couples attended, and they came a t t ir e d , as o ft e n , in costumes supposedly worn by h i s t o r i c n ota b les - f o r in sta n ce, King L o u is o f France ..an d Pocahontas, the Indian p rin ce s s accompanied by John R o lfe .

The years 1878 and 1879 were those during which the t e r r i f i c a n ti-s a lo o n campaign was b ein g ca r r ie d on. That seems to have "put the q u ie tu s" on the many s o c ia l events, so we skip these years and recount what happened during 1880.

1880_was_Anojther_Popular_LeajD Year. Germania H all - now lo ca te d in the hay l o f t o f the l i v e r y sta b le at south vest corn er of 6 th and Pine s t r e e t s , shook and trembled as i t housed t h is , one o f the l a s t events held there - far in June, Mr. E . M ille r bought the b u ild in g , and resumed use o f i t as a l i v e r y barn.

This l a s t b a l l seems to have been a "g rea t town e r e n t " . As d d it o r H.S. H erbert s a id , i t was " A r e a l l y b ig lea p year adven tu re". The la d ie s wore e la b ora te evening gowns. And, b e lie v e i t or not I The women chose whatever man they d esired f o r e s c o r t s - and went a ft e r them i To e s c o r t them to the a f f a i r ! .Jeveral solemnfa c e d S ch ool o f Mines p r o fe s s o r s attended - among them D ir e c t o r Charles W aite and Major George ^ g E m e r son, he b a ch elor teacher o f e n g in eerin g . Major Emerson* would not at any tim e/had any tro u b le in a t tr a c t in g a f a i r la d y _e s c o r t - f o r he was immense­ l y b elov ed and p opular among M.S.M. students - in clu d in g the c o -e d s .

In ^arch, the men o f R o lla 's organized "F ire B rigade" staged another o f those masquerade b a l l s — fo r which le s s e la b o ra te costumes were worn.

-ne l s— sion charge went f o r purchase o f needed f i r e fig h t in g equipment.

There was another v e ry s p e c ia l kind o f p a rty - one held by sev era l "enraged, in d ign an t b a c h e lo r s " . Some in the group were d iv o r c e e s .

The gripe these men had was "WHY?" Why should there be bachelorhood ? P a r t ic u la r ly , WHAT should ba ch elors do in le a p y ea rs, when pe-S’tsredl by the e te r n a l fem ale.

We c lo s e our account o f s o c i a l a f f a i r s during the p eriod 1865-1830 by noting that th ere were s t i l l oth er kinds o f p ic n ic s and s o c ia l events during the p e rio d .

Many were the p ic n ic or Fourth of Jply celebration s when small and large p-oups went in horse-drawn v e h icle s to th is or that pleasant grove, or to some shady and “c o o l spot o f an aftern oon , fo r re st or ju b ila tio n o f one sort or another, £.ven without modern radio, t e le v is io n , or phonographs, these pioneer fo lk s o f the period had many jo y f u l, wholesome tim es.

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- 103 SPORTS - CIRCUSES - GAMES - HORST? RAGING1865_-_1880

irtAr t ^ Sj- T u -C- i - SjE n tertain m en t.- There were in R o ll* , during the years . t o i f 80’ oth er f ornis o f fun and entertainm ent b e sid e s masquerade b a lls and m usic.

There were c ir c u s e s , b a s e b a ll games, and horse ra cin g , f o r example. / Ur, J‘^r s ^ ifcems» ^ 6 f o r the year 1869, i s a m arionette show cut on by P r o f. Robert Burgehardt and accompanying tra v e lin g trou p e. This was held in the old C iv i l Way team sters' barn, l a t e l y f i t t e d up by Mr. E.W. B ishop, the owner, f o r such t h e a t r ic a l events* This was a December event* In September, L ak e's Mammoth Circus brought the old -tim e "b ig te n ts ", clow ns, tra in ed horses and r id e r s to town. " I t was a good show", said the r e p o rte r, ihe fo llo w in g O ctober, the Hemmings, Cooper, and Whitby c ir c u s perform ed. I t had a d is p la y o f menagerie anim als, tra in ed h o rse s, fly in g trapeze a c to r s , and s t r e e t parade.

In August o f 1871, c a k e 's Circus was back again, on i t s 20th n a tio n a l to u r . They now c a lle d i t " L a k e's Hippo-Olympiad C ircu s ". I t added to in t e r e s t and excitem ent w ith some o f R o lla 's e a r l i e s t b a llo o n a sce n sio n s. Miss Agnes Lake was the p r o p r ie t r e s s .

In Ju ly, 1873, c ir c u s fun was brought in by DeHaven's "Great Chicago Show".

L a k e's c ir c u s had charged adm issions o f 50 and 75 c e n ts . This one admitted f o r 25 and 50 c e n t s .

There were caged animals, f i v e lad y horse r id e r s , clowns, a Royal Japanese Troupe, and a " f ly in g sh ip ". we pass over 1874 and 1875 to get t o 1876, when Cooper, B a ile y & C o., in A p r il, brought in th e ir "Great In te rn a tio n a l C ircu s.' They had a menagerie, horses and r id e r s , clow ns, b ra ss band, and o rch e s tra . But they had two new fe a tu res a steam c a llio p e and a tepee f u l l o f r e a l In d ian s. " I t was a good show".

In 1877, If C o le 's c ir c u s a rriv e d . The r e p o rte r said that the o u t f i t 's equipment req u ired a r a ilr o a d tr a in of f o r t y - f iv e _ c a r s to tra n sp ort i t i . . . I n O ctober o f 1878, the famed Adam Forepaugh show was here - fo llo w in g Cam pbell's c ir c u s which was here in June.

There were other c ir c u s perform ances, but those we have mentioned were typi­ c a l . For a t le a s t some o f them, the show grounds took in the area from Pine s t r e e t e a st to the r a ilr o a d , and from 9th to 12th s t r e e t .

Miss Lola Shaw, who was a g i r l in these e a r ly R olla years p e rso n a lly d e scrib e d some o f these c ir cu s e s to p resen t w riters - a a a e a B a a i H B B a B B B a S B i H M B B E S M M BageballJffas_A_Popular_Sport in R o lla during the 1 8 7 0 's and 1 8 8 0 's . Some o f the fe a tu r e s o f the game, as then played - and some o f the gimes played - were p e r s o n a lly r e la te d t o p resen t w r ite r s by Dr. Amand Ravold, o f S t.L o u is - who was a student a t the S ch o o l o f Mines in the 1 8 7 0 's . He said th a t, on one occa sion , the team 's p itc h e r sta rte d throwing "curve b a l l s " . When P ro fe sso r George Emerson, the teacher" o f e n g in eerin g a t the S ch ool o f Mines, was to ld t h is - he sa id , "T h a t's non sense. You c a n 't throw a curved b a l l 1" Taken t o the f i e l d , and standing behind the ca tch e r, he f o r the f i r s t time saw a curved b a ll thrown.

As e a r ly as J u ly 13, 1871, R o lla had i t s "Ozark B a seb a ll C lu b". On that date i t had a " t r i a l game", t o t e s t out team and r u le s . The q u estion o f whether or not to p r a c t is e on Sunday came up. I t was voted down by the 31 members o f the clu b - 29 t o 2. ( Compare THAT w ith t o d a y 's n a tio n a l games b ein g played on Sunday I) .

We have the names o f seven of tte boys on t h is f i r s t team. They were th ese: H.M. Devers - A. J. Smith - Chas. .... .. cCrae - W.S. S in g le to n - ’.Ym. H. Beddoe - and C. O lson . In September, th is R o lla team played and d e fe a te d a S u lliv a n team by a score o f 66 t o 48.

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In 1874, oaseb all games were being played with M.S.M. students on one team, and down-town men on the other. Such a game in October resu lted in a score o f 2$ fo r the Miners - 19 fo r down-town. A spectator said, " I t was the best game ever played i n Roi_la‘'. The members o f the tivo teams were these: ------------The -dn er. - c a m _________ ._______________ The Down-Town Team Buskett J o lly Livesay Guild Garvens Deegan McCrae Love F etzer Sutherland Winters Toomey H eitzberg Blow Pierce Prigmore M illsaps Hare Croquet Was A Very Popular Game with both young and old, p a rtic u la r ly in 1875* In A p ril, the R olla New Era commented — said that the croquet season was ju st commencing. Editor Powell a ls o said that "Human hearts are frequ en tly l o s t at th is season o f the year" - because June, the popular wedding month, was not fa r o f f .

Hunting Nas_ S t i l l In terestin g , both to townsmen and to students at the School o f Mines. F a ta lly so to some few. I t was so fcr George Love, son o f Rob­ e r t Love, who on a hunting tr ip just outside o f R olla , in some way discharged his gun, in s ta n tly k i lli n g him self. I t was a reg retta b le acciden t.

Again we record a story person ally related to u^ by Dr. Araand Ravold, o f S t. L ou is. When a student at the School of Mines in the 1870’ s, he became sorry f o r a R o lla fam ily that was d e s titu te and in need o f food . He decided to search the h i l l s and fo r e s ts around R olla fo r a deer, a few of which were s t i l l her i.

Without perm ission, he took a gun from the S ch o o l's armory. He found nd shot the desired deer, and the poor fam ily had abundant food fo r a season, at le a s t . But he, Ravold, got a b r is t lin g reprimand from the S ch o o l's d ir e c to r , Dr. G.P. W illiam s, fo r taking the armory gun without perm ission.

Other town sportsmen, in A pril of 1875, saw a b ig flo c k of ducks a lig h t on the F r is c o Pond. Sneaking behind brush and ra ilroa d embankment, they found favor­ able fi r in g spots, and together bagged sixty_ o f the ducks 1 Horse Rac_ing_W’as_^nother_3gort that, throughout many years, was engaged in v ig o ro u sly by several o? R o lla 's most prominent men. Several of them owned high priced thoroughbred h orses. Some were pacers, others were racers.

These men cleared a race track that extended to north and s lig h t ly west from the old Fai r Grounds, p a ra lle lin g the cre s t o f the ridge in that l o c a l it y .

In one such racing event, in September of 1875, a Mr. Clinton owned a horse named "W ild ca t". Mr. S cott had one named "Dumpy". The two were up fo r a com petition.

The p rize money was a "pot" of S250. Dumpy won the race by 1^0 fe e t .

Before th is , in September of 1874, HzfcciBiexaxBHixfcHBkzxlazjKZxzxExzacEtk Ewne(izazk0EaEzi^iiQZi±zk£xzkis.skz Mr. Hambleton1s horse was aoberu Lee . fhtx J5exzez :£e£ zaziKfexsspxBatszx^nizxaiizkikQx Mr. S cott entered ‘Dumpy .

Robert Lee won th is ra ce. Then, in October, Mr. Hambleton entered two horses in a tr ip le event f o r which a prize of %100 was awarded fo r the winner o f each event.

"Robert Lee" won the f i r s t bout. In the second event, Hambleton's horse "P ick les" l o s t t o a lo c a l mare. In the third t r i a l , -"Robert Lee" tie d with a horse brought in from I l l i n o i s . horses Some of the prominent R olla men who reared/and enjoyed such racing events included the conservative General Ewing M itch ell, P ro f. Joseph Bowen, P rof. James W. A bert, and others.

CV^I 7/ 1S/6 9 Ne/iv c 'arb.

I

- 105 DISaoTixi> - j IL^ vCIAL PANIC - STORIiS - FIRES - ACCIDENTS — ' 1865_-_1880

bis^a^te^r.— <te have already recorded d e t a ils o f the R olla suB.llpox epidemic o f June, 1365, so mention but do not repeat^ them here . in an c ia l _panic was probably the worst d isa ste r o f the period 136^-80. I t resu lted from a combination of unbridled railroa d constru ction and sp ecu la tion , over expansion o f industry, lim ita tio n o f European demands fo r U.S. farm, produ cts. I t was immediately p re cip ita te d , on September 18, by the fa ilu r e o f Jay Cooke *s powerful New York banking firm . Banks a l l over the nation went under - and there c e rta in ly was fin a n c ia l panic i Would R olla succumb ??

There was but one bank in town - the National Bank of R olla . I t came through w ith fly in g c o l o r s ! The lo c a l situ a tio n was tremendously helped when sixteen o f the town's topmost merchants, by published re so lu tio n , backed the National Bank and affirm ed th eir confidence in i t . C o lle ctio n s and demands from out o f town d e clin e d , and the c r i s i s was soon over. The merchants who thus aided th e ir bank were th ese: Malcolm, Orchard & Co. Simmons & Deegan .D. Newman & Co. A.S. Long J.G. Hutcheson Sc Son Wm. H eller Sc Son Samuel Boss Thomas Chatham Campbell, Love & Co. C . L . F lin t & Son John P. Kaine Daniel Donahoe M illard Sc Tipton C.W. Creusbauer John P. Y/ilson J.W. Livesay & Co. B ig Fires; Pe£t£re_d_Early_RoIla. We have already mentioned the great f i r e o f June 20, 1865, which destroyed a l l ouildings on 8th s tr e e t from Pine stre e t to the F risco r a ilr o a d .

The next serious f i r e occurred in 1370, when flames t o t a lly destroyed a wood frame store bu ild in g on the west side of Pine stre e t, in the middle cf the b lo ck between 6th and 7th streets - just south cf the 1969 s ite o f the F irs t State Bank. Messrs. Barker and -ing had a large stock o f books and other merchandise in the b u ild in g . Fire fig h t in g equipmdnt included hooks, ladders, axes, and water bu ck ets. In e f f o r t s to h a lt the f i r e from spreading to adjoin in g bu ildin gs, wet blankets were spread on r o o f tops and draped on w a lls. Charles Roehm, frontin g on 7th s tr e e t , used h is private w ell and garden hose. The tote 1 lo s s was # 3 ,00U. The Great. Chicago Fire o f October, 1871 - while not a lo c a l event - never­ th e less produced considerable excitement in R olla, and stimulated e ff o r t s to provide the town with b etter f i r e fig h tin g equipment.

The Old Red S tore, ju s t south o f the in te r s e ctio n o f 6th and State stre e ts, on the south side of Kingshighway, was com pletely destroyed by fir e in A pril of 1872. I t had housed the cig a r-tob a cco fa cto ry of Messrs. M iller and Green. Bat t h is was a most h is t o r ic landmark. In i t , John Butler - la te r o f the prominent B u tler S tores cf S t. Louis - was one o f the e a r lie s t o f R olla merchants. Later merchants bargained with hunters - taking animal skins and hind quarters o f deer (priwed at $1.25 each) in return fo r store goods.

He J.L . Heint^ Carpenter Shop, on the east side of Olive s tr e e t, just sou Mi o f the Chamberlain stone house at 6th stre e t, burned, w ith a l l i t s contents and valuable carpenter t o o ls on May 26, 1373. And in September o f that year somebody attempted to burn out a l l the 8th street stores east o f Pine street by p ilin g kerosene soaked straw against the w all o f one o f the b u ild in g s. The in cip ie n t f i r e was discovered in tine to avert d is a s te r . And^in August^ ^oysjplaying with matches in A.M. M illa r d 's barn set i t on f i r e .

Tie John Webber Barn F ire, in July, 1876, was a p i t i f u l a f ia i r .

The barn stood to the west” o f t o d a y 'I ju n ction cf Route 63 with Highway 66 west - on the Trachoma H o sp ita l, the P a tro l Academy b u i l d i n g At sunset o f th a t day, o n lco h e rs - r e . o ^ d ~ ^ ^ “ a ^ i r h f r L r i r M l ^ r t o - d a a t h : Their screams „e re p i t i f u l .

This barn, a ls o , was a most h is t o r ic landmark.

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- 106 S

T 0 R M S 1865-1380

Several Grea.t_ Storms_of _the_ Feriod deserve a place in th is record. .'e have mentioned others elsewhere. In February ard la rch o f 1871, a wide, general storm disturbance traveled across M issouri from the Kansas lin e near Joplin to the S t. Louis area. I t h it the R olla area on February 23rd, uprooting trees, dem olishing barns and b u ild in g s, destroying fen ces. Just south of R olla . Capt.

Henry Cleino* s barn was blown down and 125 o f his sheep k ille d . His lo s s was $3»000. Houses in R olla owned by Messrs. R ussell and C.Creusbauer were unroofed.

Outhouses galore were d istrib u te d everywhere. E.W. B ishop's large store house, at 6th and Pine, was warped. Col. Benjamin Wishon, whose farm was ju s t east o f D illo n , s ix m iles east o f R olla , had 3,000 fence panels blown down. He said that th is was the worst storm he had seen since coming to the area th irty -th re e years b efore ( would have been 1838). Residences in 3 t ., James were plastered with mud.

The. Grt-eat St_. Louis Tornaaio h it that c i t y on March 8th, i n f li c t in g great damage and wrecking the east p ier o f the Eads bridge .

A Great. HailjStorm descended upon R olla at 3^30 P.M. on Friday, October 29th, 1875- Hail as large as hens eggs broke hundreds o f window panes and sky­ lig h ts . Included were the stained gla ss windows o f the new ly-bu ilt B aptist church Two great rain storms a lso caused much damage - one in Hay, the other in August.

L ocal r iv e r s were at extreme high flo o d stage. I t was said that the May storo was the grea test since 1841.

1880_Was_A_Banner Tornado Year. In a general sweep o f tornadic winds cros­ sing Missouri from S p rin g field to S t. Louis, a lo c a l tw ister descended.upon the neighboring town o f L ickin g. Here, the Rev. Sappenfield, Methodist pastor, had ju st fin ish ed b u ild in g the North Methodist church. On Sunday morning, A pril 13, he conducted the d ed ica tion s e rv ic e . But at 8 o 'c lo c k that erening, the new church was a t o t a l wreck, the work of a v icio u s tornado. A ll his work far naught t The same storm destroyed the Licking flo u r m ill, together with many residen ces.

Pleas fo r help came to R olla . Gould r e l i e f be sent ?

The answer was "Yes". A committee con sistin g o f E.W.Bishop, A.M. ..lillard, H. Bascom Brown, A .S. Long, and Sid J. Lang gathered together generous supplies o f food and c lo th in g , with a donation of $385 in cash, and was: promptly on the road.

The MarshfieId_Tornado occurred the same day, Sunday, A p ril 18,1880. i t was fa r worse, as a catastrophe, than the Licking storm. Over seventy persons at M arshfield were k ille d , among them Mrs. Judge Robert •• ryan, the d ughtei of Dr. John Hyer, of Lake Spring. R olla people at once c o lle c te d a r e l i e f fund o f $522, and sent m edical aid to the stricken c it y . Doctors R.L. Johnson, U.L. Huyette and L.A. W ilson, accompanied by seven motherly R olla women who served as nurses, went promptly to M arshfield. These motherly women were ifesdames A.S. Long . .Wm. 3 - P ierce . . W.J.C. Taylor . . E.W. Bishop . . and Benj. F. Tipton.

The M isses L illia n Fort and May Turner also went.

Another D estru ctive Tornado Hit Vichy, twelve miles north o f R olla, ripping up f i f t y houses” in that area. Hail as large as hens eggs added to the damage.

S im ilar h a il and h i$ i winds struck R olla and S t. James.

These Are Samoles o f the worst storms that have v is ite d the R olla area through the years. “ They do NOT con stitu te a complete l i s t o f such d estroyers.

OCIDENTS 1865-1380 Of Twenty-three accidents. Here_Reported, during the years 1871 to 1820 three are "somewhat spectacu lar. In August, 1874, Mrs. Nancy Ames quarreled with hl!r husband - and, in a f i t of anger, went to the F risco Pond, got in .o a boat,

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' an^ rowel t ° the middle of the pond. There she jumped in , and would have perished had not asper Dobson watched her and g^he to the rescue. As he pulled her out, ■ehe begged, Oh, l e t me a lon e". She recovered, to liv e a happier day.

In October, lo'74, a negro g i r l named Amanda Plummer was h it by a d ir e c t b o lt o f lig h tn in g while carrying a basket of newly washed c lo th e s . The ligh tn in g burned o._f her h a ir, embedded the hair pins in her scalp, melted the s t e e l stays in her c o r s e t, burned her shoulders, breasts and to e s. Her shoes simply exploded.

She f e l l down, but was rescued — and liv e d to see yet other days.

In December o f 1875, a "Miss" or "Mrs." Reid, rid in g a tra in from Newburg to^R olla, jumped o f f at the old "high bridge" that o r ig in a lly spanned the creek which flow s past Bridge School. Had she fa lle n o f f the brid ge, she would have dived 125 feet in to the creek bed - but the t ie s and timbers o f the bridge caught h er. The tra in stopped, picked her up, and took her on to S t. James.

Hors<es_Cau^e_Numero_us. Accidents_.- Here are sane samples. In October, 1871, W illiam Stimson, S r ., was k ille d when h is horses ran away while he was drivin g from R olla to Maramec Spring.

In February, 1875, Jacob B erlin l e f t his team and buggy far a minute,stand­ ing on 8th s tr e e t between Pine s tr e e t and the r a ilro a d . Something scared them,a.id they broke away, sped up 8th..to Pine, and down Pine to 6th. One horse f e l l down, got up and’ ran again. Down Fine street they rushed, smashing buggies that were parked beside the sidewalks. At 6th, they c o llid e d with a twosome o f yoked oxen.

The ox team wagon was upset, the buggy to which the horses were hitched was smash­ ed, both horses were badly bruised, and one o f the oxen was dangerously kicked by a h orse. The crowd that gathered untangled the mess.

On another occasion, a horse hitched to a sin gle buggy got away on 8th s tre e t h a lf way from Pine to the ra ilro a d . I t ran to Pine, then turned down toward 7th.

But, seeing the open door o f H e lle r’ s cloth in g store fo r men, decided that i t was a good place to enter. Thus i t was that William Heller and Son had a horse f o r a customer.

This path from some point on 8th s tr e e t, near the ra ilro a d , up to 8th and Pine seemed to be a fa v o rite race track fo r run-a—'ways. On s t i l l a third occas­ ion , a team driven by a fourteen year old boy follow ed that same rou te, as i t turned down Pine s tr e e t , i t had to negotiate a narrow lane l e f t by the teams and wagons parked on both s id e s . Dr. C.H. S torts happened to be crossin g Pine s tr e e t just as the team turned south. He had reached th is narrow a lle y when the runaways bore down on him. Only a fa s t , surprised sprint, and a dodge out o f the a lle y between parked v e h icle s saved him.

A f i n a l example o f "horse accid en ts" concerns c it iz e n C.W. Hastings, who liv e d alon gsid e the ra ilroa d a short distance east of R olla . ne had- gone to town on horseback to buy g ro ce r ie s , and had places them in a gunny sack. As he reached home, he threw the bag to the ground, while s t i l l having one fo o t in a stirru p .

The noise scared the horse, which promptly dashed away}, dragging Mr. Hastings along f o r 75 yards. The fo o t was then released - but Mr. Hastings had a fractured l e f t leg* a lower jaw broken, most o f h is teeth out, his rig h t ankle d islo ca te d , and many cuts and b ru ise s. Dr. Win. Glenn managed to patch him up.

F a c t o r y M achine s_Also Caused_Accidents . We c it e three. Henry Seele, veteran operator o f“ the_ R olla Flour M ills, attempted to replace a b e lt which had slipped o f f from a ohoked-up grinding »h e e l or "b u rr". Hid arm caught in the ™ ving , . r+.. drawing him in . The clogged burr mas revolving at the rate of 160 revolu tio A s ^ r minute. His l e f t aS T art one le g were broken, h is thigh crushed.

Drs Glenn and Prigmore were summoned - and r . oeele survived. Imagine having such accidents without modern telephone f o r c a llin g aid - ambulances and modern h o s p ita l and s u r g ic a l f a c i l i t i e s to a lle v ia te m miering. , , Tn another acciden t, a young negro workman named .Andrew Magsby was employed in the G errS h wagon fa c to r y . ^He Sarked next to a ra pidly revolvin g power sh aft.

S s clo th in g was caught on the sh a ft, and he was heaved in to space. His rib s were ° shat tered^ and he was otherwise fe t a lly in ju rea . He dad not recover.

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-l-uud wa§ complete ly mashed, from fin g e r t io s to shoulder, may l i v e " .

ew the arm in . The The doctors said, "She

Zhere_ M®Ze_pther_Type s_0f ycyidents.. Chris ..lintner, H o lla 's veteran stone mason, liv e d out along today's "Highway 66 West", h a lf way from the ju n ction of that road with Routs 63 and Fair Ground H ill. Somewhere close to the Catholic emetery. In his stone work in qu arries, he used q u an tities of b la stin g powder, is three ch ildren , boys aged 10, 12, and 14 years, found a can of Dad's bla stin g powder containing h a lf a pound o f the e x p lo siv e . They placed i t behind a bear'd rig h t next to the house foundation, used a newspaper fo r a fuse, and threw i t down on the powder. I t went o f f with a 1 One boy was thrown th ir ty fe e t , a l l had th e ir fa ces so badly burned that the chances were that they would be d is ­ fig u red fo r l i f e .

For the time, at le a st, two o f the boys could not see. A ll th is happened in October of 1880.

In July, 1875, Mr. Joseph Tipton was driving a horse-drawn hack fo r an out—o f—town t r ip . His wife plus kesdames A.M. M illard and Benjamin F. Tipton and k is s Carrie Smith, with one or two others, were passengers. The hack over­ turned. Most o f the women were injured — *j s . UUl&rd too s e rio u sly to return to R o lla .

A m iscellaneous acciden t occurred in 1875 when a c h ild o f County School Superintendent W.S. Perkins f e l l in to a privy v a u lt , and drowned.

There. We re _Almc>s;t 6ontinuou5_Railroad Ac£idents_. We mention only a few.

In 1873, a tra in brakeman, walking on top o f the cars, was h it by a suspended rod on the "High Bridge" near Bridge School - ..here that woman had jumped o f f .

He f e l l o f f , and la id on the track. The train that follow ed ran over him.

In June of 1874, four men of R olla were k ille d on the same day. The f i r s t was struck by a west bound fr e ig h t as he walked the track. Another got drunk, la id down on the track, and was reduced to mince meat by the next tra in . The th ird man, also drunk, f e l l o f f of the horse he was r id in g , struck h is head on hard ground, and was k ille d . The fourth man, a negro who was misbehaving, . sh ot.

In December, 1874, Ed Brooks, while on top o f cars being switched in the R olla yards, f e l l o f f between the ca rs. His legs were crushed, from hips to to e s.

In August, 1879, Jim Brown, a young man, was h it and k ille d by an east-bound tra in .

His body, l e f t on the track, was cut to pieces by the next west-bound tra in .

In January, 1880, Ben Hildebrand, aged 34 - one o f the F r is c o 's old est and best employees, was coupling switching cars in R o lla . His hand caught and was mangled in the coupling, and he was dragged in that con dition fo r a hundred fe e t the engineer not knowing o f the acciden t, and continuing to sw itch. Mr. Hilde­ bran d's body and leg s were c r u e lly crushed. I t was near midnight — 11 j22 P«M. Drs. Cady, Johnson, and Prigmore were summoned - but could do nothing to save him.

He liv e d on u n t il 5: 00 the next morning.

S h ortly afterward, in July, 1880, while standing beside the ra ilroa d track alongside the R olla M ills , young Julius Brucher was struck by a car and thrown beneath i t s wheels. His le g was crushed ju st below the thigh jo in t . The doctors amputated the crushed parts, but to no a v a il. Julius su ffered fo r seven days, then exp ired .

The stre tch of F risco ra ilroa d through Holla — From east o f F risco Pond rii, +*.

Gnlfiman Cut west o f town, could w ell be designated as "3AUSAU ALImk".

tr a in s .

There Were_Plenty 0f_Actual Train Wrecks, during the 1865-80 period ,

/

______

We

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mention only fo u r. During January, 1875, two very sim ilar train acciden ts occurred.

The f i r s t in volved an east-bound passenger tra in . A r a i l broke and the cars r o l­ le d down a twelve fo o t bank. This happened two m iles or so above Newburg, at a s ta tio n c a lle d "Beaver". Two women sustained broken c o lla r bones.

The second acciden t b e f e l l another east-bound passenger tra in . Another r a i l broke, and the cars r o lle d down a tw enty-foot bank. Three passengers were dangerously in ju red, twenty others hu rt. Four were from R olla .

In March, 1876, a Rolla-bound train was wrecked when the engine and front cars broke through the bridge spanning the Maramec r iv e r . The fireman and engi­ neer were k i l l e d .

And, though i t occurred in September, 1882, we add the spectacular wreck which occurred when two fr e ig h t tra in s met head on in side a tunnel between V alley Park and S t. L ou is. The train s were loaded with lumber and cars containing burnt lim e. The dampness o f the tunnel, dropping on the lime, caused it to heat and sw ell - and even tu ally the cars were set on f i r e . They burned for two days. As there was no by-pass track, a l l train s were can celled . The clea rin g o f the tun­ n el was a mighty tedious jo b .

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Cemetery.- R olla Cemetery - at le a s t the southwest corner o f i t - seems to have been started during the C iv il Wap, 1861, when deceased Union s o ld ie r s were in terred th ere. Up to 1870, i t was l i t t l e more than a cleared p lo t w ithin native oak fo r e s ts and brush. I t was in November of 1870 that Rev. Andrew Luce, pastor o f the R olla Presbyterian Church, plead fo r a change. He wanted the p lo t cleared of brush, and fenced to keep the c a ttle out. There was no plat preseeving a record o f b u ria ls - he wanted one made. He wanted the cemetery to have permanent care. Complying, the c ity cou n cil negotiated with the then owners, who agreed to s e l l th e ir righ ts to the c i t y at the rate of $30 per acre. I t was a d e a l. The c it y then hired a cemetery superintendent, and in 1872 named Albert Neuman to the p ost. He gare a bond of #1,000. Lots were then sold at $2 ap iece.

Neuman received 5% o f the sales money.

N E C R 0 L 0 G Y, _186^-1880.- Death is no respecter o f persons. I t takes both lea d ers, and those in the ranks. And so we clo s e our story o f ROLLA during the p eriod 1865-1880 with a l i s t - much too incomplete - o f some cf those who were prominent, or were lea d ers, during that period . These: ( Dates of demise in pa­ rentheses ) .

Hon._William_Mor s e . Died in o f f i c e ( Sept. 30, 1869 )• At the time, he was presid in g judge o f Phelps County Court. Far 1864-65 he had been R o lla 's mayor.

Mr£._Robert P*_Faulkner, nee Maggie E lla Guy. ( Feb. 28, 1871). Wife o f Robert P. Faulkner. She was a prominent and g re a tly loved Presbyterian.

Rober^Pj^ Faulkner. ( Dec. 31, 1872). Senior member cf pioneer R olla firm , Faulkner & G-paves. In turn, merchant, postmaster, banker. A very great Townbuilder.

Mr._ Frank Deegan, Sr. Came t o Rolla with F risco constru ction gang. Father o f the prominent Deegan fam ily of R o lla . ( Sept. 20, 1872).

Thomas_Maxwell. ( Feb. 16, 1873). R o lla 's foremost insurance agent. P resi­ dent o f R olla Bible S ociety .

Dr._Marion C._Hutcheson. (Dec. 2, 1873). With h is fa th er, Judge John G. Hutcheson, operated a drug sto re . A c iv ic minded c itiz e n .

M.aj°£L Charles. P.JWalker. ( Mar. 4, 1874). Founder-editor o f R olla Express.

County sch ool superintendent, c ir c u it clerk and recorder. Great Townbuilder.

C°l._Benjamin J.JWishon. ( Mar 7, 1874). Prominent, e a rly pioneer s e tt le r o f Phelps County. Had store and stage stop s ta tio n 7 m iles east cf R olla . Was fath er o f severa l illu s t r io u s sons who held o f f ic e s in e a rly county government.

P h ilip B. Van Deren. ( July 6, 1874). Early e d ito r of Rolla Herald.

Henry Cleino^ S r. T Aug. 29, 1876). Former Phelps Co. s h e r iff . Next to la s t ow ner-publisher o f R olla Express.

Nathan Coleman. ( Apr. 30, 1873 ) . Great S t. Louis Methoaist layman, oame to R olla a ft e r m rr ia g e to Mrs. John D. Regers ( nee Frances W illiam s;, * o was the mother o f Edwarda ("E ddie") Rogers, the la t e r Mrs. Chas. McCrae, and s t i l l la te r Mrs. Chas. L. Woods.

Andrew Malcolm. ( May 27, 1878 ) . Member o f H o lla 's f i r s t c i t y co u n cil.

Wealthy- merchant",~member o f Rolla*s f i r s t school board. Wealthy merchant, vice presiden t R olla National Bank. Native of Scotland. t w. . » n Mrs._(Dr J_William_E_;_ Glenn ( nee Ann Dun ) . ( aug. 3, 1878;. Wife of Dr. Vfa. E. 3 21gpfl_ ( Jan. 18, 18S0 ) . Early R olla physician-surgeon.

Iporip-r. Tn Rolla* s Masonic lod ges. P rofessor of hygiene, mo. School cf Mines. / ice presid en t V v ? Mo. Vigorous in church and u i * c a f f a i r s . Dued at Lead, S. Dakota. Interred beside wife at Columbus, Ohio.

With this entry, we conclude' otlr story of ROLLA for the period 1865-1880.

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THE

S T O R Y

OF

M I S S O U R I

CHARTERED TO4th CLASSTOWN 188I -1890

By Dr . and M rs. Cl a i r V . Mann R o l l a , M is s o u r i COPYRIGHT, 1974

By C l a i r V . Mann and B o n ita H. Mann T en an ts By The E n t ir e t y A l l R ig h t s R e se rv e d .

No p o r t io n o f t h i s S to ry may be reproduced

By Any P ro c e s s W hatever W ith o u t W r itte n P e rm issio n O f C o p y r ig h t H o ld e r s .

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cm

7/ 31/69

18801s

(1) THE PER I OD FROM 1881 THROUGH 1890

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D u r i^g th e s e e v e n t f u l y e a r s , 1881-189 0 , b e s id e s the u s u a l o- norm al th in g s

^ W6re at ieaSfc e i° hfc - U « i or ou tstan din gEven ts? A th e h i g h l y d e s t r u c t iv e f i r e o f J u l y 4, 1881. A second r e s u lt e d f £ S is was the tem p orary d is r u p t io n o f the p u b lic s c h o o ls f o r a year The t h ir d w £ / t t e i n 1 8 l? n ° f ? ne:H b r iC k ^ CS 01 b u ild in g > to be known a s d a " C e n t r a l S o ™ oSned c u tJo n o f t h e WaS ^ h a n S ln g ’ ln 1832> ° f Bohannon - the second’ e S T i h p W ^ f th n k d e r r t0 OCCUr ln ^ R o lla a r e a - The f i f t h was the c r e a t io n o f ohe .Western O o n se rv a to ry of n u s i c , which fu n c tio n e d d u rin g the 1880«s. A s i x t h grL f

o u tr o f et t e ° ” G r a i L “ f i o l l a » b u t n a t i o n a l l y , o f s e v e r a l p o l i t i c a l p a r t ie s which w f? ! movement. A se v e n th , and most s i g n i f i c a n t e v e n t, was the b a ttle both m R o l l a and th ro u ^ io u t P h e lp s County, between the "tem perance p e o p le who wanted t o r i d the a r e a of s a lo o n s , and th ose who fav o re d s a lo o n s / T his b a t t l e c u lm in a te d i n th e e ig h t h m ajor e v e n t, which was the t o t a l d is r u p t io n o f 1889 90 C lt y goV erm ien t> and th e f L m l r e P e a l o f i t s s p e c ia l s ta te c h a r t e r , as o f C it y B u sin e ss And Government The Su cce s s io n _ 0 f^ C i^ _G overn m en t O f f i c i a l s . - As we c lo s e d th e record f o r the y e a r 1880, Ju d ge W illiam . G . Pomeroy was the m ayor. He had tee n e le c t e d f o r the tw o -y e a r term 1879-80 and 1880-81, and t h i s was h is second year i n —o f f i c e .

The seven cou ncilm en who were s e r v in g w ith him f o r the 1880-81 ytenn were the h o ld - o v e r s , Jo se p h C am p b ell, D a n ie l Donahoe, L .H . Thompson, and C h a rle s S tro b a c h S r . , w ith th o se e le c t e d in Ju n e f o r the terms 1380-81 and 1881-82 - D r . E .A * B o lle s Henry S e e le , and Jo h n H a r d in .

The f o llo w in g t a b u la t io n p r o v id e s a reco rd o f the succe sio n o f th e se o f f i c e r s down th ro u g h the f i n a l year o f c h a r te r governm ent, 1889. The f ig u r e s 6/7/81 s i g n i f y "Ju n e 7 th , 1 8 8 1 ", th e date o f c i t y e l e c t i o n s . Names of newly e le c t e d counciIm en are The m ayor's d e s ig n a te d as "New". The h o ld -o v e r s are e n c lo s e i n p a r '............es ( ) . f i r s t e l e c t i o n i s i n CAPITALS - h is second i n caps and low er c a s e .

Date For The The Councilm en, Years 1881-1890 E le c te d Term Aiav o rs______ ___________________________________________________________ _______ 6/ 7 /81 1881-82 POMEROY New: J o s . C a m p b e ll. . C h a s. S t r o b a c h ,3 r .. ,D .D o n a h o e ..J .P .K a in e (Wm.G.) O ld ( Jo h n H a r d in ..D r . E .A .B o l l e s . . Henry S e e le ) .

6/ 8/82 1882-83 Pomeroy Cam pbell r e s ig n e d j u s t b e fo r e e l e c t i o n . E l e c t fo u r th ree f o r 2- y e a r s , one f o r 1 year r e p la c in g C am p b ell.

New: D r . E .A . B o lle s . . A l . L . G e r r is h . . L . F . P arker ..H .S e e l e .

B o lle s to r e p la c e C am p b ell.

O ld : ( S tr o b a c h . .Donahoe . . K a in e , w ith Cam pbell o u t ) .

Mayor Pomeroy d ie d in o f f i c e on O ctob er 28, 1882. C laude S . Jam ison was e le c t e d i n Pom eroy's p la c e on N ov. 7, 1882, served the b alan ce of term 1832-3 N ov. 7 1882 . .1883 JAMISON Served out th e r e s t of the 1882-83 term .

(C.S.]P 6/5/83 1883-84 JAMISON E le c t e d f c r r e g u la r term 1883-84 and I 084- 85 . 4 Councilm en t o be e le c te d ; New: J . L . S t e w a r t . .D .D o n ah o e. .D r ._■• a .B o l l e s . .D r . Thos J .J o n e s .

O ld : ( G e r r i s h ..P a r k e r . . S e e le ) . N o v . 8 ,1 8 8 3 , G e r r is h r e s ig n e d , l e f t R o l l a . L . F . P ark er r e p la c e d him .

cm: / 7/ 31/69 1880's (2) • / / a te For The E le c t e d Ter fn i-£7 ors 6/8/84 I 884-85 Jam iso n

6/2/85

1885-86

BAKER (H am ilton )

The Counci lin en . i^ew- L . F . P a rk e r, fo r one y e a r , r e p la c in g G e r r is h R e g u la r 2- y e a r : John S . L iv e s a y ..F r e d S t r o b a c h ..

B is h o p . ^ S te w a r t. .Donahoe . . O r . . J . Jo n e s . .D r .^ .A . B o lle s >.

New mayor and fo u r councilm en e l e c t e d .

L e m Henry D ean. .D r . S .B .R o w e . .P c u l s e l l . .THOM.M Jo n e s O ld : ^ L iv e s a y ..S t r o b a c h ..P is h o p ) Dean r e s ig n e d as of N o v .12 ,1885 , L o u is K r e i lin g e le c t e d in h is p la c e .

6/8/86 1836-87 B aker Lev/'* Absalom Gordon. .C h a s . 4 . -c C r a e . . P a t O ’ B r ie n . ( 2nd y r .)

O ld : ( K r e i l i n g . . P a u l s e l l . . 1 ...... Jo n e s . .Dr.Row e ) 6/7/87 1887-88 BAKER New mayor and fo u r cou ncilm en e l e c t e d .

Lew: L o r r i s F r a i z e r . .H enry Beddoe . .Wm. F o r t ..J a c k s o n Sim pson, h i ^ i l y r e s p e c te d n e g ro .

O ld : ( Gordon. ..I c C r a e . .O ’ B r ie n ) .

6/5/88 1888 —89 Baker New: D r .^ T h o s . J . J o n e s ..C h a s . S tr o b a c h , S r . . . J o s . Cam pbell ( 2nd y r .)

O ld : ( F r a iz e r ..B e d d o e . .F o r t . . Sim pson ) .

T h is was the l a s t mayor and group o f co u n cilm en e le c t e d under R o lla 'a C h a rte r Governm ent. A t e r r i f i c R o lla f i g f r t was on - over whether car no t to lic e n s e s a lo o n s , and how. T h is C o u n c il was a n t i- s a lc o n - by 4 to 3 . Phelps County Court c o n s is te d o f p r e s id in g judge W illia m Dawson, a s s o c ia t e s D a n ie l Donahoe and John W o lfe , and t h e y a l l fa v o r e d s a lo o n s . Whereas the c i t y c o u n c il r e fu s e .. cn l i c e n s e s , the c o u n ty c o u r t g ra n te d them . Thus, c i t y and county governments were b i t t e r l y op­ p o se d .

I t a l l le d t o f i n a l d is r u p t io n of th n *s c h a r te r governm ent, as we s h a l l p r e s e n t ly r e la t e .

The. Gr®at_ F i r e _ 0 f Ju ly _ 4 j_ 1 3 8 1 .- Our acco u n t o f the d is r u p t io n of c i t y govern­ ment must be l a i d a s id e f o r the t i n e , u n t i l o th e r im p o rta n t ev en ts have been d is c u s s e d .

And so i t w as, t h a t on th e ev e n in g of J u l y 4 t h , 1881, a group o f R o l l a ’ s most r e s p e c t-a b le young men g a th e re d on Pine s t r e e t , perhaps on hundred f e e t south o f 8 t h , and d e cid e d to c e le b r a t e by f i r i n g a few r o c k e t s . One o f th e se l i t on th e r o o f o f a b o a rd in g house above the C u lb e r ts o n droe shop, on so u th s id e o f 8 th s t r e e t , midway from the r a i lr o a d t o Pine s t r e e t .

A b r i s k w ind fanned th e l i v e sp a rk o f th e r o c k e t i n t o a r a g in g f i r e .

This soon sp read to the f l im s y wood s to r e b u ild in g s on b oth s id e s o f 8 th s t r e e t , from Pine s t r e e t to th e r a i l r o a d .

The fr e n z ie d e f f o r t s o f th e R o lla f i r e b rig a d e were fr u itle s s .

T h e ir main equipm ent c o n s is te d o f h ooks, la d d e r s , I n d ia rubber b u c k e ts , and a hand pump draw ing w ater from a c is t e r n a t 8 th and P in e . When th e ) is te d men gave up, M is s L o la Shaw ( who t o ld p re se n t w r it e r s about i t a l l ) and a n o th e r woman manned the pump. They, to o , had to d e s i s t .

On th e n e x t m orning, J u l y 5t h , 1381, a l l the b u s in e s s houses on b oth s id e s o f 8 th s t r e e t , from Pine to the r a i l r o a d , were j u s t p i l e s of smoking ash es and r u b b is h .

O n ly one b u ild in g escap ed - th e b r ic k b u ild in g a t im m ediate so u th e a st corn er o f 8 th anc P in e s t r e e t s , used f a r years as a drug s t o r e . A long w ith the r e s t , th e h i s t o r i c old w arehouse of F a u lk n e r and G raves - w hich , when th e y abandoned i t and through the 1870’ s had been used f a r a h o t e l , f i r s t named th e ’’F a u lk n e r H ou se", and th en the " C r a n d a ll House" - was a l s o consumed. I n a d d it io n , the f i r e d e stro y e d the o ld C i v i l War "Com m issary" l o g h ou se, which fo r years had been used fo r R o l l a ’ s p u b lic s c h o o ls .

The O ld C e n t r a l 3 c h o o l_ B u ild in £ Is _E r e c te d _1- This g re a t l o s s posed some m ighty problem s f o r e a r l y R o l l a . l/heie would th e sc h o o ls now go i’? The o c n o o l o ..lin es had b ought and o ccu p ie d the b ig b r ic k s c h o o l house which the c i t y s c h o o l board had e r e c t e d ° in 1871 - f o r c i n g the c i t y s c h o o ls to r e tu r n to the o ld Commissary B u ild in g .

Now t h a t was g o n e .

The o n ly answer was the b u ild in g c f an e n t i r e l y new b r ic k s c h o o l house — and t h a t c o u ld n ’ t be com pleted u n t i l the end of December, 1 - 1, or l a t e r .

One t h in g was s u r e .

The sc h o o ls would be "h u rt f o r the 1881-82 y e a r . Such stu d en ts as w ere a b le and so m inded cou ld a tte n d a p r iv a t e ^s c h o o l conducted by .- i s s d l l e n Van D eren — or go to the S c h o o l of L in e s , i f q u a l i f i e d .

CVU'

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tyeen D u r c h a a ^ f

1880*S

(3)

blOCk bouilded bF 5 th , 6 th , L a in and P a rk s t r e e t s had Tte o ld B ish o p Theatre b u ild in g on i t „ „ o f l S ' T " ? , b id S / ° r con^ uc t i ° . : had been r e c e iv e d . R obert iicCaw ' s b id C o n s tr u c tio n w a s ^ l l v ^ ? S f S ? t h o c o n t r £ c t - F o u n d atio n work s t a r ta d J u l y 14 t h .

U 1 w a s ^ fu lly com pleted on S a tu r d a y , Feb ru ary 4 th , 1383, and p u b lic s h o o ls resurieo .■ m V 'd n ce ............ ’ ' 1 ' ' w'j ' SS eptember o f 1881. elsew here In o npf>i i tb e buid-d in g seem n o t to have been p reserved - nor i t s d im e n sio n s, mo 1 ^ measurem ents made from photographs in d ic a t e t h a t the f l o o r p la n s assured a p p r o x im a te ly 38 x 46 f e e t o u tsid e b r ic k l i n e s . The b u ild in g was o f b r ic k , two s t o r y s in h e ig h t , w ith e i l i t classroom s s e p a ra te d by s i x f o o t h a llw a y s . I t served the town u n t i l the p r e s e n t ( 1969 ) W est E lem en tary S c h o o l B u ild in g , on the same s i t e , r e p la c e d i t i n 19----- . A much f u l l e r d e s c r ip t io n i s c o n ta in e d in our se p a ra te s e c t io n on S c h o o ls and E d u c a tio n in R o l l a " , a p a r t o f p r e se n t s t o r y .

»fesn purchased for th e »

^

building.

—b— — ^ f_Ceorge_ Bohannon.— I t was even w h ile a l l th ese f i r e and s c h o o l t r a n s p ir in g th a t the p u b lic e x e c u tio n o f George Bohannon!Vidr nm rdering W illia m L i g h t .

I t a l l began on Monday, a u gu st 15, 1881 ( s h o r t ly a f t e r the g r e a t R o lla f i r e J when a n eighborhood s o c i a l day was h e ld in Poole H ollow , sone m ile s w est of R o l l a .

There was m usic and d a n cin g - and l i q u o r . William L ig h t and h is f i d d l e " p ro v id e d th e m u sic . The liq u o r was se rve .; in a cave on the p re m ise s.

Bohannon, e v i d e n t l y warmed up by l i q u o r , ollo w ed when L i g h t went fo r a r e s t on a s h o rt w a lk . Bohannon provoked a q u a r r e l, s tu c k a r e v o lv e r a g a in s t L i g h t 's b re a ,t , and p u lle d th e t r i g g e r . L ig h t e x c la im e d , " B o y s, lo o k t h e r e " , and d i e d . L ig h t, aged 21 ye a r e , l e f t a w ife and one c h i l d .

A c o r o n e r 's in q u e s t pronounced Eohannon g u i l t y . He was brou gh t to R o lla and c o n fin e d i n one o f th e two b a se i.e n t dungeons of the o ld count; . ja il.

The f ig u r e o f a man, f u l l s i z e , w hich he ■rved in the p l a s t e r is s t i l l t h e r e , an the c i r c u i t co u rt t r i a l which fo llo w e d , -ohannon, on December 23, 1881, was senten ced to be hung. C h a s . C . Bland was c i r c u i t ju d g e , A lex an d er Orchard s h e r i f f .

On a p p e a l, th e S t a t e Supreme C o u rt g ra n te d a s t a y of e x e c u tio n u n t i l Ja n u a ry 20, 1832, th en gave p e rm iss io n fo r a nev L under Judge B la n d . The case was argued from F e b ru a ry 25th to 2 8 th , n Bohannon was f i n a l l y c o n v ic te d ani ordered to be hung on F r id a y , A p r i l 21, 1882. On the p re v io u s d a y , R o l l a ’ s mayor Pomeroy a p p o in te d a s p e c i a l p o lic e fo r c e of tw enty men. He ordered a l l sa lo o n s to d o s e on the f a t e f u l d a y , and ordered th a t no d r in k s should be so ld w ith in one h a l f m ile o u ts id e c i t y l i m i t s .

‘The n a t io n a l Bank and o th e r b u s in e s s houses c lo s e d f o r the e v e n t, and a l l sc h o o ls were d is m is s e d .

The g a llo w s were e r e c te d in th e h ollo w im m e d ia te ly west o f the R o lla Cem eteryj th e s i t e o f to d a y ’ s S o u th R o l l a Park c i t y a d d it io n . I t was e s tim a te d t h a t some 3 ,0 0 0 p e o p le had assem bled t o w itn e ss the gruesome e v e n t. Some had come from p o in ts f i f t y m ile s d i s t a n t .

A t the a p p o in te d h ou r, a double f i l e o f f i f t y armed p o lic e stood by the o ld stone j a i l , w h ile ’ s h e r i f f O rchard le d th e p r is o n e r o u t.

The s h e r i f f and Bohannon rode in a c lo s e d c a r r i a g e . News r e p o r te r s from v a rio u s towns fo llo w e d on f o o t , as the p r o c e s s io n moved to °th e p la c e o f e x e c u t io n . The R ev . W .P . Bond, o f th e P re sb y ­ t e r i a n ch u rc h , opened the program w ith a h a l f hour o f e x h o r t a t io n . Bohannon s a id , i n r e p ly , " I am n o t g u i l t y , b ut am w i l l i n g to d i e . G oodbye". The mask and rope were a d ju s t e d , and s h e r i f f O rchard r e le a s e d the tr a p — s a y in g , as he d id s o , " God be m e r c if u l t o me, a s in n e r H is m orale was u t t e r l y broken - he n ever recovered from t h i s m ost d i s t a s t e f u l a c t - eren though i t was decreed by l a n .

The s p e c t a t o r s ended the o r d e a l by c u t t in g the hang rope in t o s i x in c h le n g t h s f o r s o u v e n ir s .

P a r t 01 our p re se n t s t o iy was pe sona-ury r la t e d to us b y .three p e rso n s who were p r e s e n t .

Re tu r n in g Now To C i t.y B u s in e ss jind .jovei r~.mn t A.. f a i r s 3 ^.ie C)- o t x ir e of J u l y 18817 a c c e le r a t e d o r o t e c t iv e m easu res. The f i r e had g l a r i n g l y dem onstrated the trem endous in a d e q u a c y o f the town’ s f i r e f i g n t i n g equipm ent. B ut what cou M be done ? An adequate water system , w ith f i r e h y d ra n ts, was e v x d e n t_y out o f tne p i c t u r e , f o r the c i t y c o u ld n o t p o s s ib ly fin a n c e i t . xy or b e fo r e ...ay o; I d ->2 the

,CVLI

7/31/69

1380's

(4)

.ma.toer was up f o r d i s c u s s io n . A newspaper e d i t o r i a l s a id t h a t the proposed w ater • s to r a g e c is t e r n s would be in a d e q u a te , and a ls o u n f i t f o r do m estic u s e . The f i r e e n g in e s on hand were o f l i t t l e u s e , w ith th e s u c tio n hose moved from one c i s t e r n to a n o th e r d u rin g b ig f i r e s .

Then why n o t d r i l l a s u it a b le w e ll, and c o n tr a c t w ith the R o lla M i l l s to o p e rate th e w e l l , and w ith i t s e n g in e s fo r c e w ater th ro u ^ i a number of w a te r p ip es to co v er the c i t y ? O r, why n o t make a s im ila r arrangem ent w ith the F r is c o r a ilr o a d ?

-Ln e i t h e r c a s e , e f f e c t i v e f i r e p lu g s cou ld be i n s t a l l e d where need ed . A l l t h is would m a t e r i a l l y reduce in s u r a n c e r a t e s , b e s id e s p r o v id in g b e t t e r f i r e - f i g h t i n g e q u ip m e n t. The e d i t o r p la ce d th e s e id e a s b e fo r e the C o u n c il.

■^ie fo r e g o in g was in J a y of 1882. But n o th in g happened, o th e r than the o f neiv c i s t e r n s , in 1884, a t the in t e r s e c t ! cns of Pine s t r e e t w ith 6t h , 7t.h, and 8 th s t r e e t s . The c is t e r n s m easured seven f e e t in d ia m e te r , and were te n f e e t d e e p . The one a t 8 th s t r e e t was l a t e r enlarged t o 20x20 f e e t . The R o lla i - I i l l s d id i n s t a l l a fo r c e pump, m a in ly f o r p r o t e c t io n of i t s own p la n t - but f o r emergency^ elsew here , //// / / / / / // / / i f c lo s e enough .

C iJy _S ^ re_e t_ Workj_ 1 8 8 1 -1 8 9 0 .- B e fo re the g r e a t 1881 f i r e , the old F au lk n er H ouse, b u i l t w ith s id e s p a r a l l e l to and p e r p e n d ic u la r to the r a i l r o a d , had a la r g e p o r t io n o f th e b u ild in g p r o je c t in g out in t o 8 th s t r e e t . I t s d e s t r u c t io n by the f i r e e n a b le d th e c i t y to make a d e a l w ith the r a ilr o a d and L r s . C r a n d a ll whereby t h i s p r o je c t e d a r e a was e lim in a t e d . Mrs. Crandall t r a n s fe r r e d to the c i t y the p r o je c te d a r e a , th u s s t r a ig h t e n in g 8 th s t r e e t to i t s f u l l p la t t e d w id th . The r a ilr o a d gave M r s . C r a n d a ll an e q u a l a re a on the o p p o site end ctf h er l o t .

Numerous wood p la n k sid ew alk s were ordered in by th e C o u n c il. P r o f . George D . Em erson, of th e S c h o o l of M in e s, was employed to e s t a b li s h o f f i c i a l s t r e e t and w alk g ra d e s and l i n e s up t o 1882, a f t e r /cou nty su rv ey o r .i l l i a m S n e ls o n d id the w ork.

New g m d e s were e s t a b lis h e d on r in e s t r e e t from 6th to 1 0 th , and on 7th from Pine to th e r a i lr o a d - and w alks were low ered a c c o r d in g ly .

A l l through the d e cad e, s tr e e t c o n d itio n s were sim p ly t e r r i b l e . There was no s t r e e t pavement of any k in d .

The news e d it o r com plained th a t " P in e s t r e e t , R o lla * s m ain b u s in e s s t h o r o fa r e , i s a ls o the f i l t h i e s t s t r e e t i n town. M erchants dump a l l t h e ir w aste p a p e rs, straw and o th e r ru b b ish in t o th e s t r e e t .

The C o u n c il should a c t to e lim in a t e t h i s c o n d it io n " . In 1387, a c ity -w id e vote was ta k tn on w hether or n o t to " r e s t r a in hogs from ru n n in g w ild , or l y in g in mud h o le s in the s t r e e t s !1 The v o te was 77 " Y e s, do r e s t r a in " and .65 " No, l e t the hogs r u n ."

3ome_ImproyenKnts_ ^ e e d e d _In 1882 . - as o f May, 1882, the e d it o r , w alk in g the s t r e e t s , and o b s e r v in g , s a id t h a t " A n e g ro , w ie ld in g a p ic k and s h o v e l, and u sin g a w h e el b arro w , has been d o in g d u ty f o r s e v e r a l d a y s , in a v a in endeavor to u n e arth a c r o s s -w a lk on P in e s t r e e t a t 8 th# n A gain he s a id , " We c a n 't understand why the p r o p e r ty owners on 8 th s t r e e t do n o t l a y a sid e w a lk in f r e n t o f t h e ir p r o p e rty , so th a t f o lk s can re a c h th e dep ot w ith o u t swimming in wet w e a th e r ."

I n s t i l l a n o th e r e d i t o r i a l , th e e d it o r had t h is t o s a y : " Here are sane o f the t h in g s I would l i k e to see in R o l l a . ( l ) The fo u n d a tio n f o r a new F r is c o depot sta rte d . ( 2 ) S t r e e t lam ps l i g h t e d d u rin g d a rk n i g h t s .

(3) L e s s "dog in the manger" d is p la y e d by our le a d in g c a p i t a l i s t s .

(4) Everybody a t chu rch n e x t Su n d ay.

(5) E ig h t h s t r e e t illu m in a t e d with ^ th e j s l e c t r i e iULght. ( 6 ) Fewer wood p lan k s id e w a lk s, more o f b r ic k or co n crete . a man who could s te p from the p o st o f f i c e to S h in nem an's s to r e w ith o u t g e t t i n g in t o mud. ( 8 ) G e n e ra l B o o th , of th e S a lv a t io n Army, b e fo r e a R o lla a u d ie n c e .

(9) Madame A d e lin a Ju a n a M aria P a t t i w a rb lin g a few sweet n o te s in the new opera h o u s e ."

The F r is c o New D e p o t_o f 1 3 8 2 .- The e d it o r g o t a t l e a s t one o f h is d e s i r e s .

I n 1832 the" F r I s c o _ r a i lr o a d b u i l t a new b r ic k dep ot n e x t t o th e south l i n e of 9 th stre e t.

I t s e r r e d th e town u n t i l th e year 1929, when the p re se n t depot r e p la c e d i t .

S u c h , t h e n , were th e c o n d itio n s o f s t r e e t s and sid e w a lk s d u rin g th e decade 1881 - 1890 .

CVM

1880's

(5) THE LAST_DAY3 0 F _ O I ^ 1^ S _G ^ R E R _O O V E ffil^ 'T

D em x^ e_G ro ^ s_0 u t_0 f A n _ti-Salo o n C a m p a ig n .- We have seen how b i t t e r a fi^ + it was b e in g made i n the years 1879 -3 0 by the a n t i- s a lo o n fo r c e s in R o lla - to m inim ize or e iim in a te s a lo o n s , and e s p e c i a l l y th ose on "S a lo o n Row", as th ose on th e n o rth s id e o f 8th s t r e e t , between Pine s t r e e t and the r a i l r o a d , were c a l l e d . The camnai ;n was now renewed - as e a r l y as J u l y , 1883, when a l o c a l troupe sponsored by the R o lla L i t e r a r y and D ram atic S o c ie t y p rese n ted the drama, " Ten N ig h ts I n A B ar Room." .

1^85, th e campaign was w axing h o t . A l o c a l group o f a n t i —sa lo o n c i t i z e n s , i n May, o rg a n iz e d a C it y P r o h ib it io n P a r t y . T h is grou p , w ith a la r g e number o f s i g n e r s , p e t it io n e d P h elp s county Court n o t to g r a n t sa lo o n l i c e n s e s — at l e a s t , no t in R o l l a .

In J u l y th e p a r ty met a t th e P r e s b y te r ia n church and heard th e R e v . H erb ert G ib o n y , the B a p t is t p a s t o r , d e l i v e r a f i e r y a n t i- s a lo o n t a l k . In 1885, the H erald donated a w e e k ly column to th e group fo r p r o h i b i t i o n i s t p ropaganda.

In 1887 the W .C .T .U . ( .’/omens' C h r is t i a n temperance Union ) became v e ry a c tiv e .

They to o k over the new spaper's donate:! colum n, and h e ld n i h t l y m eetin gs in m ost o f H o l l a ' s c h u r c h e s . ;- r s . G illia m . Murphy was p r e s id e n t , Mrt . ............. . the v e ry v ig o r o u s s e c r e t a r y . The cou nty co u rt so re s e n te d th e s e a c t io n s th a t th e y fo rb ad e the a n t i- s a lo o n a d v o c a te s to lo n g e r use the c i r c u i t c o u r t room fo r t h e i r m e e tin g s .

The. 133'7_New spaper_Debate_s. - In Septem ber o f 1887, a g r e a t "newspaper d e b a te " was s t a r t e d .

The R e v . E .W . Jam es ( who had o f f i c i a l l y p la t t e d th e James A d d itio n to R o lla ) le d o f f w ith a v ig o r o u s a n t i- s a lo o n " l e t t e r to the e d i t o r " . An in d iv id u a l who s ig n e d h is l e t t e r as "Adam Boomer" r e p lie d in c a u s t ic term s, a n o th e r w r ite r s ig n in g a s "C y c lo n e " jo in e d i n , as d id a ls o s t i l l a n o th e r who s i ned 'o h ib it io n F a n a tic " .

In one such l e t t e r , sa lo o n a d v o cate "Boomer" argued t h a t R o lla needed m o re _s a lo o n s^ not. few er i W rite r "G" used one and a h a l f columns to quote p assag e s from the B ib le - v h ic h , he s a id , showed th a t th e B ib le fa v o re d liq u o r and d r in k in g more than i t d id tem perance and a b s t in e n c e .

F i n a l l y , a much r e s p e c te d h o u sew ife, named M rs. W eisenb ach , appealed t o mayor Ham B aker to p u t her in j a i l , so as to p r o t e c t her from th e abuses showered upon her b y her drunken h u sb an d . E d ito r McCrae s a id th a t " A more e lo q u e n t a p p e a l f o r tem perance th an t h i s was never u t t e r e d ."

County-G ide_ C a K r)aig n _F o r_L q caL _G _.iij >n.— As of November, 1387, a group o f a n t i- s a lo o n a d v o c a te s p e t it io n e d the County ^ o u rt to h old a " l o c a l o p tio n " e l e c t i o n .

The Court c o n s is t e d o f ju d g e s W illiam Dawson, D a n ie l Donahoe, md John W o lfe . They were r e l u c t a n t , fa v o r in g s a lo o n s , so th ey r e jo ic e d when somebody cried , " The sta te l o c a l o p tio n law i s v o id , u n c o n s t it u t i o n a l ." Whereupon, Judge C .C . B la n d , in No­ vem ber, 1887, is s u e d a c i r c u i t co u rt order r e s t r a in t m ty C ou rt from c a l l i n g such an e l e c t i o n u n t i l the S ta te Supreme C o u rt had r u le d th a t the law was v a l i d and c o n s titu tio n a l.

M eantim e, th e R e v . I . J . X . Lu nb eck, M e th o d ist p a s to r , i n May, 1888, took a p e t i t i o n to th e County C o u rt a s k in g fo r the l o c a l o p tio n e l e c t i o n . The document was sig n e d in e x c e s s of t ie l e g a l l y re q u ire d o n e -te n th o f the C o u n ty 's p o p u la tio n w hich was 12 819. Ey December o f 1887, the Supreme C o u rt had d e c la r e d the l o c a l o p tio n law v a l i d ard c o n s t i t u t i o n a l - and so the County C o u rt was com pelled t o c a l l the e l e c t i o n .

I t was s e t fo r June 1. , le> • I n an e f f o r t t o win the e l e c t i o n , the "d ry s" and the W .C .T .U . brought i n C a p t. Dank S h i e l d s , who put on an in te n s iv e cou n ty-w id e a n t i - l i q u o r le c t u r e cam­ p a ig n .

The "w ets" cou n tered by o r g a n iz in g a "P h elp s County « n t i- P r o h i b i t io n A sso­ c i a t i o n " D r . C h a r le s H arvey S t o r t s was i t s p r e s id e n t , E r n e s t S o e s t che s j c r e t a r y .

Tte L o c a l O p tio n E l e c t i o n , June 12*. 1 3 8 8 .- E l e c t io n day came - and d e p a rte d .

The "wete "“ won” b y I vote c f 1381 a g a in s t l o c a l o p tio n , to 852 fo r i t . . The tow nships w hich v oted "d ry " were R o l l a , M i l l e r , L ib e r t y , and P re w e tt. m cee v o t in g wet were -Msramec, S t .J a m e s , Dawson, E a s t and W est Cold S p r in g , N o rth awl aouth D i l l o n , udgar S p rin g s * A r lin g t o n , Newburg, and R e lx e .

CVM

1880's . . .

“ tie n s tx e n s.

(6)

W inners R e j o i c e .- In g l e e f u l c e le b r a t io n o f t h e ir v ic t o r y sene f i f t y « ‘ ‘ T 3? 1*’ - 1 * * ^ J - «■ Leno x, met in R o lla a t S S S * » 2 . £ t th i f l l ' l ° p t i ° n e le c t io n " exch m g ed m utual O C E g ra tu la b u t th e "d r y s " - th e y vowed th e y would n e ve r q u i t .

.. n l i t e r s i_°^ iie a d e d _ lo r _ a _ H e a d -O n _ G o Iiis io n when, in O c to b e r . 1887, the G n r L n 0™ ? ’ p r e s ia e d over by Mayor Ham B a k er, and composed of councilm en Absalom Gordon . . . h a s . 1 • eCrae . . P a t O 'B r ie n . . M o r ris F m i z e r . . Henry Beddoe . . W illia m o r t . . and Ja c k s o n Sim pson ( o f b l k in s C h a p e l ) passed a famous ord inance which r e f t n ^ t sa lo o n lic e n s e e s to "have good c h a r a c t e r " . They were re q u ire d to fu r n is h a *500 bond, and pay a fe e o f +75 fo r each six-m o n th p e rio d - from J u l y 4 t h , 1887, to the fo llo w in g Ja n u a ry 1 th , and from th e r e t o the n e x t J u l y 4 th , and so on.

To t h is r e g u l a t io n , th re e sa lo o n o p e ra to rs to ok v io le n t e x c e p t io n . They were Hiram Shaw, owner o f th e G ra n t H o t e l - M rs. C h a r lo t t e K rau s, p r o p r ie to r of the O zark H o t e l, and George M a r lin g . B ein g u n w illin g to l e t m atters r e s t t h e r e , th e se th re e re q u e s te d l i c e n s e s from the County C o u rt - and g o t them . Thus the c i t y and th e county governm ents were in d i r e c t c o n f l i c t . The membere of t h is Court were W illia m Dawson, p r e s id in g judge . . D a n ie l Donahoe and John W o lfe , a s s o c ia t e s .

Janies B . S a l l y was co u n ty c l e r k , and C .N . Dean s h e r i f f .

County Court_b]jendj_ A F u l l Day D iscus_s in g ^alojon_Ljreen^ing. - By J u l y 5 th , 1888, the m a tte r o f sa lo o n l i c e n s i n g - fav o red by the County C o u r t, b u t d isap p roved b y th e c i t y C o u n c il, approached the oncoming c r i s i s . Cn th a t d a y , f i f t y - e i g h t c i t i z e n s from the M acedonia a r e a , s i x m ile s n o rth o f R o lla , b ro u g h t in a p e t it io n a s k in g the C o u rt NOT to g r a n t sa lo o n l i c e n s e s . But the a t sa lo o n o p e r a to rs , Hiram Shaw, George M a r lin g , and M rs. Kraus of R o lla , to g e th e r w ith M e s s r s . V e tte r and Baum gardner of S t . Ja m es, p ressed hard f o r t h e ir l ic e n s e s - and th e C ou rt gran ­ te d th em .

I t a ls o ordered th e p r o h ib it io n a d v o c a te s no lo n g e r t o use the c i r c u i t c o u r t room f o r t h e ir m e e tin g s .

The £ ity _C o u n c i1_l_Re_fus£s_To Gran_t L i c e n s e s .- A week l a t e r , J u l y 12, 1888, Luman F . P a r k e r , a t to r n e y f a r Shaw, M a r lin g , a nd M r s. K ra u s, appeared b e fo r e the C o u n c il and renewed r e q u e s t f o r l ic e n s e s fo r h is c l i e n t s .

Thereupon th e C o u n c il r e fu s e d to g r a n t th e se p a r t i c u l a r l ic e n s e s - o r _a n y _o th e r £ - f o r the p r e v io u s ly e s t a b lis h e d r a t e o f 475 p e r s i x month p e r io d . I t d id more I I t r a is e d he size-month f e e to $300 i B ut i t was b y a vo te o f fo u r in fa v o r , th re e a g a in s t . Councilmen C am p b ell and F o r t were a b s e n t.

"Y es" v o te s were c a s t by Henry Beddoe, M o r ris F r a iz e r and Ja c k s o n Sim pson - "Ho" v o te s by D r . T . J . Jo n e s and C h a rle s S trO b a ch , S r .

A Com prqm i^e_O ffer was made a week l a t e r by th e S h a w -.-a rlin g -K ra u s g ro u p .

They would. pay the form er e s t a b lis h e d $75 f e e , and add a note fo r $225 in seeming com p lian ce w ith the new ly e s t a b lis h e d $300 f e e . The C o u n c il r e fu s e d . Three o f the se re n co u n cilm en fa v o r e d th e d e a l — D r . Jo n e s , Cam p b ell, and S tr o b a c h . Four o b je c t ­ ed - F o r t , F r a i z e r , Beddoe, and Sim pson. That vote l e t the " c a t out o f the b a g " .

The war was on i n e a r n e s t !

The s a lo o n a d v o c a te s hunted f o r a lo o p h o le - and found i t For a l l c i t y e l e c t io n s of o f f i c e r s , the C h a rte r s p e c if ie d t h a t to v o te , e le c t o r s must f i r s t r e g i s t e r .

In the e l e c t i o n o f the p re ce d in g Ju n e , t h is had been over­ lo o k e d b y the e l e c t i o n o f f i c i a l s - there had been no r e g i s t r a t i o n !

The C i r c u i t C o u rt O rd ers_C i t y O fi_ic_ials_ Ouste_d.— rhe sa lo o n a d v o c a te s im­ m e d ia t e ly toeik- th e _ is su e ""to Judge C h a r le s C . Bland o f the C i r c u i t C o u r t. They contended t h a t th e June e l e c t i o n was n u l l and v o id ( because of the n e g le c t o f r e g i s t r a t i o n ) , and th a t th e Mayor and C o u n c il had been i l l e g a l l y e le c t e d a n d s e a t e d f and sho u ld be o u s te d . Judge Bland a g re e d , and_ on August 6 th , 1 -8 8 , is s u e a the o u s te r o rd er -

vf ^ c ^ i S S ^ ^ F m i S r ^ d ^ e d d ^ , w h S T h L b e e r / le aders i n the

a n t i- s a lo o n l e g i s l a t i o n .

The e d it o r q u e s tio M d t t e p a g e ' s

' u e l t ^ l ^ l u d g f q u a l i f i e d S H u s t e r 5 Baker Beddoe and F r a iz e r , a llo w in g them t o rem ain in o f f i c e a t l e a s t u n t i l August l b t h .

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, H . (^ f r- - aj e- - - l i l i e s . - The sa lo o n a d v o ca te s had so a c te d b ecause the v o te rs had n o t r e g is t e r e d .^ Mayor B aker now f i l e d a m otion in c i r c u i t c o u r t in which he s a id t h a t th e C i t y c h a r t e r , amended i n 1874 , had n o t m entioned th e r e g i s t r a t i o n r e q u ire m e n t. He contended t h a t th e S t a t e c o n s t it u t io n o f 1875 had n o t r e q u ire d i t . t h e r e fo r e r e g i s t r a t i o n was NOT r e q u ir e d . But - i f t h a t were n o t tru e - then a l l the c o u n c ils e le c t e d from I 874 to 1888 were i l l e g a l . He f u r t h e r o b je c te d t o the p a r t i a l th ^ G o u n c il> demanded t h a t , i f any o f th e C o u n c il were o u ste d , then a l l sh o u ld b e . He f u r t h e r s ta te d t h a t , i f b la n d 's r u lin g was c o r r e c t , th en R o lla no _ongejr_ ad o.ny governm ent l This would be a good time to drop c h a r te r government and in c o r p o r a te as a F o u rth G la s s C i t y under g e n e r a l s t a t e law p e r t a in in g t o c i t i e s .

Ju d ge £ lan d Extends. Ouste_r_To A l l Seven C o u n c ilm e n .- F i r s t , Judge B lan d ord ered Mayor B ak er and Councilm en Beddoe and F r a iz e r to cea se " in te rm e d d lin g or c o n c e rn in g th e m se lv e s about the a f f a i r s o f the m ayo r's o f f i c e , or th ose o f the C o u n c i l" . Then, on August 23rd, he extended the o u s te r p ro cee d in g s to in c lu d e a l l seven o f th e c o u n c ilm e n .

One i s sim p ly amazed by th e se s e v e r a l f a n t a s t i c a c t s by Ju d ge B la n d . They seem to have been in s p ir e d by p e r s o n a l a n im o s ity of the judge toward two or th re e o f the C o u n c il.

Oouncilman D r . Thomas J . Jo n e s , in a b i t t e r l e t t e r to the e d it o r , c h a r a c t e r iz e d E la n d 's e n t ir e a c t io n as a "m ise ra b le s u b te r fu g e 11.

The T a s t _ U £ e t in g _ O f The. C h a r te r Governmen t _ C £ u n c i l . - This was h eld on Septem ber 1 3 th , 1888. O n ly fo u r o f the seven councilm en were p r e se n t - Beddoe, F r a i z e r , F o r t , and Simpson# D r. T . J . Jo n e s , J o s . Cam pbell, and C h a s. S t r o b a c h ,S r . , w ere a b s e n t .

The fo u r p re se n t p a id a number o f b i l l s , then a d jo u rn e d . As a f i n a l s a l u t e , te’d i t o r K .S . H e rb e rt c a lle d th e s e fo u r a n t i- s a lo o n councilm en " c r a n k s " .

Ou£t£r_Frc£ee_ding_s_A re_R e_ferred To_A £pelate. C o u r t .- In an e f f o r t to fo r c e the c i t y c o u n c il t o g r a n t them the d e s ir e d l i c e n s e s , Hiram Shaw and o th e r s took th e m a tte r to th e S t . L ou is Court of A p p e a ls . In O c to b e r, 1888, t h a t co u rt made th e s e d e c is io n s : ( l ) U n t i l Ja n u a ry 1 , 1889, the s a lo o n s would have to pay the .^75 fe e f o r a s i x month p e r io d .

(2) A f t e r Ja n u a ry 1 ,1 8 8 9 , th ey must pay the $300 fe e e s t a b lis h e d b y the C o u n c il. ( 3 ) T h is d id n o t s e t t l e the m atter o f w hether or n o t R o l l a had a l e g a l governm ent.

Ju d g e B lan d O r d e r s _ N o n -C o u n c il_ O ffic e r s > T o _C erv e. - In an order which now seems i n c r e d i b l e , Ju d g e Bland on November 1 5 th , 1888, r u le d thftfc c i t y o f f i c i a l s , o th e r than the mayor and c o u n c il, s t i l l r e ta in e d o f f i c e , and "had a l l the powers and d u t ie s s e t f o r t h in th e C it y C h a rte r of 1 8 7 4 ." He in s t r u c t e d c i t y m arsh al Jam es G . F r a i z e r , as c i t y c o l l e c t o r , to co n tin u e c o l l e c t i o n o f such ta x e s as had been l e v i e d and were d u e . How co u ld t h i s be — when the m a rsh a l, a lo n g w ith the couned jjnen , had b een e le c t e d by th ose v o te r s who had n o t r e g is t e r e d ? ? T h is was a fa n ­ t a s t i c c o u rt o rd er l B ut the m arsh al co m p lied , money was in v o lv e d .

C i t i z e n G rou £ Moves. T o _ A b o lis h _ C h a r te r . - On December 20, 1888, a group o f c i t i z e n s gave p u b lic n o t ic e th a t th e y would r e q u e st the fo rth co m in g S ta te L e g is ­ la t u r e t o r e p e a l R o l l a ’ s s p e c ia l c h a r t e r . They proposed to re o r g a n iz e the town as a F o u rth C la s s c i t y , under g e n e r a l s t a t e la w . They would r e t a in the p r e s e n t c i t y l i m i t s and name, a l l i t s r i g h t s , a l l i t s p r o p e r ty . .0 1 c u rr e n t o rd in a n ce s would be r e t a in e d u n t i l r e o e a le d or amended. The town would be d iv id e d in t o th ree w ards: ( l ) A l l n o r th c f 7th' s t r e e t ; ( 2 ) A l l south of 7th b u t w est o f Him; ( 3 ) A l l south o f 7th b u t e a s t o f E lm . They would ask the County Court to so in c o rp o r a te the c i t y , and a l s o to name a new mayor and s i x co u n cilm en , and a town m a r s h a l, an em ergency c la u s e w ould be a t t a c h e d .

The f o llo w in g men composed the group so g iv in g n o t ic e : J . B . H a rriso n V/illiam Psu ls e 11 W a lb rid g e J . P o w ell D r . R .L . Johnson W .H. Goodwin D avid W. M alcolm D r . J . D . Carpenter C .R .

M illa r d R o b e rt A . Love Ym.V/allace oo u th gate Jo se p h Cam pbell George L . Love M illa r d F . F u lk n e r L .H . Thompson C h a s. M. McCrae D •» Sam uel B . Rowe.

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.

F iffc ^ C it iz e n s _ lf e e t ~nd Dis_cuss_ C h a r te r B e jg e a l.- On Ja n u a ry 10, 1889, f i f t y C i t i z e n s , in p r o t e s t over the cou rse e v e n ts were t a k in g , met J u r t H use to d is c u s s the s i t u a t i o n . G en. mwing Y . M i t c h e l l p r e s id e d , C h a s. cCree a c te d as s e c r e t a r y . Luman t . P a r k e r , a t t o r n e y fo r the sa lo o n a d v o c a te s , s t a t e d t h a t R o lla now had no l e g a l governm ent. The C h a rte r was o u td a te d , b u t had served i t s p u rp o se.

Anyway, F o u rth C la s s government would be cheaper* Someone a sk ed , " .That i f the Supreme Court sh o u ld re v e rs e Jud|p B la n d 's o u s te r d e c r e e s ?? ...S o m e o n e e ls e sa id t h a t the C it y was out o f fu n d s . Taxes a lr e a d y le v i e d must be c o l l e c t e d . Nev. assessm ents tv a to be made. None of t h is co u ld be done u n t i l new e l e c t io n s were h eld th e coming Ju n e . b .W . B ish o p , the to w n 's fo u n d e r, said t h a t he d id n o t want "any w a rd s". " T h in g s should be l e f t j u s t as t h e y w ere". C it y a tto r n e y Corse and A lb e r t Neuman agreed .

The m eetin g adjou rned w ith o u t h avin g made any d e f i n i t e d e c is io n . But the same d a y , the news broke t h a t a " r e p e a le r b i l l " had a lr e a d y been in t r o in the L e g is la t u r e .

R o l l a ' s. Ori g i n a l S t a t e _ C h a r t e r j _ W ith_Am endm ents_,_Is R e£ ealed i - House B i l l N o. 295, r e p e a lin g H o l l a 's o r i g i n a l c h a r t e r , was sign ed in t o law on A p r i l 5 th , 1889, b y a v o te o f 106 t o 4 . I t c a r r ie d tire em ergency c la u s e , which made i t e f f e c t i v e on f i n a l p a s s a g e .

This i s what the b i l l d id : ( l ) I t r e p e a le d the c h a r t e r a c t s o f 1861 and 1865, " and a l l o t h e r s " .

(2 j Because the town was w ith o u t l e g a l governm ent, the a c t was i n fo r c e upon p a s s a g e , A p r i l 5, 1889. These were the recommendations o f th e co m m itte e 's m a jo r it y r e p o r t . A com m ittee m in o r ity re p o rte d t h u s : ( l ) D e fe a t the b i l l .

(2) I f R o lla has no l e g a l governm ent, then w ait u n t i l e l e c t i o n tim e , in Ju n e , and th e n , o b se rv in g r e g i s t r a t i o n requirement©, e l e c t a l e g a l s e t o f o f f i c e r s . ( 3 ) The m in o r it y b e lie v e d t h a t the Stf te C o n s t it u t io n of 1875 a b o lis h e d the r e g i s ­ t r a t i o n r e q u ir e m e n t. ( 4 ) The R o lla mayor and c o u n c il were l e g a l l y in o f f i c e u n t i l th e Supreme Court should d e c id e o th e r w is e . ( 5 ) The b i l l should not be p ass d u n t i l the o u s te r p ro c e e d in g s had been r u le d on, and t h a t would be about A p r i l 2 0 th .

D e s p ite the m in o r it y r e p o r t , the L e g is la t u r e passed the b i l l on A p r i l 5 th .

The R u lin g Of The S ta te . Supreme 2 ° u r t .- Oi 1 lay, June 24, , the M is s o u r i Supreme Court made th e fo llo w in g d e c is io n s , announced by Judge B a r c la y . ( l ) A ffirm ed . Judge B la n d 's £uo w arran to m otion " By what a u t h o r it y do the mayor and f i v e c c u n c iliie n co n tin u e t o e x e r c is e t h e i r r e s p e c t iv e o f f i c e s ? ( F r a i z e r ..

Beddoe . . F o r t . . Sim pson . . D r . Thos. J . Jo n e s ) . The Court r u le d f c r B la n d .

The d e c is io n was based on the f a c t th at the v o te r s had n o t r e g is t e r e d fo r the e l e c ­ t io n o f Ju n e , 1 83 - and a ls o t h a t the S ta te C o n s t it u t io n of i.375 had NOT a b o lis h e d v o te r r e g i s t r a t i o n f o r R o l l a .

The s p e c ia l c i t y C h a rte r governed in t h a t r e s p e c t .

THE D IE WAS CAST. ROLLA HAD NEITHER CHARTER NOR M Y LEGAL GOVERNMENT. Jud re Bland. A p o o in ts _ R e c e iv e r For R o l l a . - ovin g out i n fr o n t c f th e S ta te Supreme C o u r t 's d e c is io n of June 2 4 th , Judge E la n d , on M arch 6 th , fo r the c i r c u i t c o u r t , a p p o in te d R o b ert A . Love as a r e c e iv e r f o r the C it y of R o l l a . Mr .L o v e was ord ered t o c o l l e c t a l l moneys due th e c i t y p r io r to the d ate o f the C h a rte r r e p e a l ( A p r i l 5th 1889 ) and w ith such fu nds pay those d e b ts which the ou sted govern ment owed, ’ when th e s e th in g s were a cco m p lish e d , then th e re must be a speedy re ­ o r g a n iz a t io n o f th e town a s a c i t y of th e Fou rth C la s s .

I t is d i f f i c u l t t o u nd erstand how Judge b la n d 's whole conduct o f th ese m a tte r s co u ld have been j u s t i f i e d or a p p roved . . . . M r . Love served as r e c e iv e r from March 6 th to A u gu st 2 1 s t, 1389, when he » a s d r s c te r g e d from a l l d u t ie s as r e c e iv e r e x c e p t f o r some m inor item s connected » l t n the - t o lls Comet o r ;..

C i t i z e n s P e t i t i o n County C o u r t_F c r _F c u r th C la s s C i t y _ I n c o p e r a t i o n .- nS . S S r l y a s - December 5 t g l S 89 ,~ g ? o u p -p e t it io n s were taken to the County Court a s k in g ■ “ f t to tn c o r n o r a te R o lla as a "Fo u rth C la s s " c i t y under g e n e r a l s t a t e la w . The c i t y l i m i t s were to be th o se th en e x i s t i n g - the m ile -a n d -a h a l f s q u a re , a p p a r e n tly th e C o u rt to o k no such a c t io n a t t h i s tim e .

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00 q l i t A | ! £0a- t E- f ° r7 ~a-

on C c to b e r 2» 1390. The p e t i t i o n was sig n e d by -p33 . f r o ™ e n t s were made by a tto r n e y s on b oth s id e s - ’'For" and " A g a in s t " .

R ® fln a l was “ ade ~ and th e C o u rt on November 13, 1890, 1 co rp o ra ted R o lla a s a C it jy _ o f the. ^ o u r t h _ C la s s " . I t sc rem ained down to th e y e a r 1957. ^ n so in c o r p o r - t in g tne town, G en. .awing _ . ^ .i t c h e l l was named m ayor, ihe s i x councilm en named were t h e s e : Jo se p h Cam p b ell, S r . ..J o h n S .^ iv e s a y . .

Henry Dean . . C h a r le s s tr o b a c h , S r . . . Absalom Gordon . . and G r a n v ille A l l e n .

1nomas Madxgan was named m arsh al and c o l l e c t o r . These men were to h o ld o f f i c e from ovember 13, 1390, U n t i l the n e x t r e g u la r e l e c t i o n , which under g e n e r a l s t a te law would be m A p r i l , 1891. r n Under F ° u r t h _ C la £ s _ 3 t a t u s . - The new F o u rth C la s s C it y C o u n c il met f o r the f i r s t time on November 1 8 th , 1890. The im p ortan t b u s in e s s was" th e ap p o in tm en t o f v a rio u s c o u n c il com m ittees, and o th e r a p o o in tiv e c i t y o f f i c e r s , lh o s . D . sm ith was chosen a s c i t y c l e r k . Thomas M. Jo n e s was c i t y a t t o r n e y . Henry n . H o h en sch o ls was t r e , s u r e r .

Tne c i t y c l e r k and the tr e su -er were in s t r u c t e d to se cu re from the l a t e r e c e i v e r , Robert A . L ove, h is books and any oth er c i t y reco rd s he may have h ad .

The New C ity _B o u n d a r ie s . D e f i n e d .- in a m eeting on December 1 1 , 1390 , the C o u n c il d id th e se t h in g s : ( l j Approved r u le s and r e g u la t io n s f o r conduct of the C o u n c il.

(2) P r e s c r ib e d th e d u t ie s of the co u n cilm en . ( 3 ) ap p o in te d th e c i t y o f f i c e r s - a t t o r n e y , t r e a s u r e r , s t r e e t com m issioner* ( 4 ) D e fin e d the d u t ie s of the mayor and c i t y m a r s h a l. ( and passed O rdinance No. 1, which e s t a b lis h e d new and r e s t r i c t e d c i t y b o u n d a ries - scra p p in g the o ld l i m i t s o n e -a n d -a -h a lf m ile s sq u a re .

The new l i m i t s were thus d e s c r ib e d : B e g in n in g a t N o r th e a s t co rn e r o f S e c . 11 ( T . 37 - 3 ) . Run as fo llo w s : ( lj ..

So u th 741 f e e t to N . . l o r . L cE n te e a d d it io n . ( 2 ) . . E a s t 660 f e e t on .. lin e o f same to N .a . C o r . t h e r e o f .

(3) •• South 1320 f e e t to 3 .1 . Cor R a ilr o a .; .-4 9 ( 4 ) . . So u th 660 f e e t to 1/4 C o r. to S e c s . 11 4 12 ( 5 ) . . (e st 264O f e e t t o c e n te r o f S e c . 11.

(6) Due n o r th to S . R/W l i n e o f F r is c o r a i l r o a d . ( 7 ) W est 240 f e e t to c e n te r o f Cold S p r in g c r e e k .

(8) . . N o rth w est, w ith c r e e k , to M.W. C o r. B lo ck 49, B is h o p 's a d d it io n .

(9) . . N o rth e a st on N . l i n e B lo c k 49 to w e st lin e of Spruce s t r e e t .

(10) . . N o rth on W, lin e Spruce s t r e e t to N . lin e 7th s t r e e t .

(11) . . l a s t on N . lin e 7th s t r e e t to lin e S t a t e s t r e e t (12) N orth 1824 f e e t on W. l i n e S ta te s t r e e t to N . lin e 1 3 th .

(13) E a s t on N . l i n e 1 3 th t o E . l i n e .Cain s t r e e t . ( 14 ) So u th on E . l i n e Main s t r e e t , 3&0 f e e t to N . lin e 12th s t r e e t ( 1 5 ) E a s t on N . l i .i e 12th s t r e e t to 4 . l i n e P in e .

(16) S o u th on E . l i n e Pine s t r e e t to N. lin e 1 0 t h ..

(17) E a s t on N . l i n e 10th to p la c e o f b e g in n in g .

The d e s c r ib e d a re a s i t u a t e in S e c t io n 2 and 11, P .3 7 -3 .

( New carb o n s) CVM.

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1 8 8 0 's

10 -

MISCELLANEOUS COMMUNITY AFFAIRS 1831_-_1890 In c u m b e n ts _ A n d _ A ffa ir s _0 f County C o u rts 1881—1 3 9 0 .— In fo r e g o in g s e c t io n s o f ^ t h i s g e n e r a l s t o r y qj. ROLLA we have s u f f i c i e n t l y w e ll covered co u n ty a f f a i r s fo r t h i s p e r io d , r e s id e s is s u in g sa lo o n l i c e n s e s - w hich seemed to be b ig b u s in e s s t e r e were alw ays the problem s o f e v a lu a t in g and a s s e s s in g p r o p e r ty , e q u a liz in g t a x e s , c o l l e c t i n g and sp en d in g the t a x fu n d s , and m a in ta in in g r o a d s . * O c c a s io n a lly , as in in c o r p o r a t in g R o lla as a fo u r th c l a s s c i t y , the Court was concerned w ith su ch mat­ i te rs. they were a l s o concerned w ith c r e a t i n g ' r u r a l sc h o o l d i s t r i c t s , and in c a l l i n g e l e c t i o n s , a p p o in tin g e l e c t i o n c le r k s and ju d g e s , c a n v a ssin g the v o t e s , and h e lp in g I ® c i r c u i t ju d ge im p an el j u r i e s . One s p e c ia l ite m o f b u s in e s s was th e c o n s t r u c tio n by ord er o f the C o u r t, o f the two b r ic k v a u lt s added to th e e a s t and west s id e s o f th e o r i g i n a l Court H ou se. These were some 14 f e e t sq u a re , and were f i t t e d w ith f i r e - p r o o f s t e e l v a u lt d o o r s . ^ A sid e from th e s e ite m s , we s h a l l om it a l l fu r t h e r d e t a i l s co n ce rn in g county b u s in e s s , e x c e p t f o r l i s t i n g th e s u c c e s s io n o f cou nty c o u rt ju d g e s f o r the p e r io d .

T a b le s below l i s t the s u c c e s s io n of co u n ty cou rt ju d g e s and co u n ty c l e r k s .

T ables ^he c lo s e o f t h i s g e n e r a l s t o r y , in the A ppendix, w i l l su p p ly l i s t s of a l l the e le c t iv e c o u n ty o f f i c i a l s oth er than th o se connected w ith the C i r c u i t C o u rt.

The c o u n ty court ju d g e s and c le r k s fo r th e p e r io i were t h e s e : The Term W. S id e A sso c. fe a r s ________ P r e s id in g Ju d ge .E. Side AssnrCounty C le r k 1879-80 O li v e r P . P a u l s e l l L . R . M a tlo ck W illia m B la c k . . .

Jerem iah S . French 1881-82 0 . P . P a i i l s e l l . . .

W illia m Dawson . .

R o b t. R . Flannagan J . S . French 1883-84 W illia m B la c k . . . .

John W olfe ............... D a n ie l Donahoe . . .

J . S . French 1385-86 W illia m B la c k . . . .

Jo h n W olfe ............... D a n ie l Donahoe . . .

J . S . French 1887-88 W illia m Dawson . . .

John W olfe ............... D a n ie l Donahoe . . .

J a s . B . S a lly 1889-90 W illia m Dawson . . .

J o s . S . W illia m s . F e l i x D . M a th is . .

J . B. S a lly 1891-92 Jo h n W o lfe ..................

J o s . S . W illia m s . F e l i x D . M a th is . .

J . B. S a lly C o u n ty _V a lu a tio n s_ O f_P ro jo e_rty .- The fo llo w in g t a b le fu r n is h e s such p ro p e rty v a lu a t io n s as our re c o rd s c o n ta in - a ls o g iv e some id e a o f r e c e ip t s and e x p e n d itu r e s .

The V alue O f Annual Annual P erson al T o ta l E xp en d itu re s R e c e ip ts f e a r R e a l E s ta te V a lu a tio n P ro p e rty B alan ce 1880 $ 1 ,1 2 2 ,8 0 2 $ 1 ,6 4 6 ,4 8 4 $523,682 $2 5 ,3 8 7 .4 2 $ 1 5 ,0 2 5 .4 3 $ 7 ,3 1 1 .5 3 2 6 ,7 1 6 .9 0 1881 1 8 ,7 8 2 .2 3 7 ,9 3 4 .6 7 1 ,8 1 8 ,3 2 0 644,088 1882 1 ,1 7 4 , 232 2 8 ,6 6 9 .8 8 509,408 1 , 732, 625 4 4 ,4 2 8 .0 7 1 5 ,7 5 8 .1 9 1 , 223, 517 1883 2 5 ,7 4 4 .4 0 1 4 ,0 8 7 .2 6 1 1 ,6 5 7 .1 4 1 ,2 8 9 ,4 2 6 1 ,9 6 4 ,7 0 9 675,283 1884 3 2 ,1 3 9 ,6 1 1 0 ,5 8 3 .1 0 2 1 ,5 5 6 .5 1 1885 4 , 622.10 2 1 ,2 9 3 ,8 0 1 6 ,6 7 1 .7 0 521,586 1 ,6 5 7 ,0 8 9 1886 1 ,1 3 5 ,5 0 3 1 4 ,8 4 1 .0 0 1887 1 4 ,0 4 5 .2 5 1888 1 5 ,7 5 0 .4 6 1889 13 ,3 8 3 -7 7 1 ,5 9 1 ,8 1 4 551,952 1 ,0 8 9 ,8 6 2 1890 bonded in d e b te d n e s s .

The above ta b le om its a l l d a ta THE CIRCUIT COURT The C i r c u i t Court O f f i c e r s _ f o r th e p erio d 1880-1890 were t h e s e : P r o s e c u tin g A t t y .

Sher i f f ___________ fe a rs C i r c u i t C le r k C i r c u i t Judge W illia m C . . K e lly P le a s a n t M. Gaddy G r a n v ille A lle n V .

B .

H i l l . . . ' ' 1877-78 E l i j a h P e rry . . . .

P le a s a n t G a d d y .. .

G e o . H . Hume . . .

1879-80 V . B . H i l l . . .

W illia m C . K e lly A le x .

H .

O rch ard .

G e o .

H .

Hume . . .

1881-82 C h a s . C . Bland :7m.

C . K e lly . . . .

Harmon Gaddy . . . .

G r a n v il l e A lle n 1883-84 C . G . B la n d . .

Wm. C . K e lly . . . .

Harm.

Gaddy ............

G r a n v ille A lle n 1885-86 C • C • Bland . .

James B . H a rriso n C h a rle s M. Dean .

1887-88 C . C . B land . . D av id E . Cowan .

Wm. C .

K e lly . . . .

C h a s.

M. Dean . . .

D . E . Cowan ' 1889-90 C . C . Bland . .

R o b t.

M eriw e th er.

John W. Cooper . .

D . E . Cowan . . . .

1891-92 C . C . B lan d . .

CVM 9/6/69

1880*s

th e G e o ^ e B o £ m o n ~ m S d e r * * y6arS 1881~18^0 « e r e t h e s e : (1 ) mayor and c o u n c il , the y e a rs l S S ^ i e d ! ? 3® ^ ^ Th® o u s te r o f R° H a » s b y c o u n ty c o u r t Judge J? h n R . Bowman iA A ^ i l ^ 3 3 W e^ Hay6S f i r s t two o f t h e s e .

The +-« l. i " • a l b b ,i’ we have a lr e a d y d e s c r ib e d th e s t a r t e d between JuA ge W n L g u n , Hayes on the L J t * , t o shoot Bowman S e e in g t h r e a t , Bowman sto od a t h is do’

,

d Haj* 3 -

^

a S a l° ° n’ a < *“ * " *

DeeP± 7 a g g r ie v e d , and c a r r y in g a

J ? dgS Bowaan,s o f f i c e . He had th rea ten e d ^ l i e v i n g th a t Hayes was about to c a r r y out h is

s ta g g e r e d in t o th e s t r e e t L d ? e U T A “ f " t o ■ * * - . . - « « a c q u i t s on the p le a th a t he had f i r e d t d e S IL ™ dmnn . d' th e se th r e e m ajor c a s e s , there were p le n t y o f th ose o f l e s s e r l i c e n s i n g 8 o f ^ r e Were . J J e “ “ 7 th at were concerned w ith l o c a l o p tio n a rt the

a u ? fS

l o r p r S e n t S; u r ^ e s 9 0rCeS-

’ ° °n'

^

" e *“ *

n<"

" i 11

R o lla a S ~ R ^ e~f~ - eJ s^3- 0^ i.8 |P showed t h a t P h e lp s County had 13,027 in h a b it a n t s .

R o lla and R o l l a tow nship had 2 ,6 8 7 . The f ig u r e s f o r 1880 had been 12,674 fo r the c o u n ty , 2 ,5 0 7 f o r R o lla and R o lla to w n ship .

.

THE ROLLA PUBLIC_SCHODL3 R o l l a J_s / u b lic _ 3 c h o o ls . - We have a lr e a d y r e la t e d how th e g r e a t f i r e o f J u l y 4 1881, d e s tro y e d the o ld lo g Commissary B u ild in g in which p u b lic sc h o o ls were h eld t o t h a t d a t e . ^ We have a ls o d e s c r ib e d th e D u ild in g o f the new C e n t r a l S c h o o l b u ild in g a t 6 th and M ain s t r e e t s , and th e re -o p e n in g o f s c h o o l th ere on Monday, F eb ru ary 6 th , 18 82. And in a se p a ra te s e c t io n o f t h i s g e n e r a l s t o r y o f R o l l a , we have w r itte n i n m inute d e t a i l th e s t o r y o f R o l l a ’ s sc h o o ls from 1860 to 1920. In the p r e se n t sk e tch we s h a l l condense the s t o r y , naming the members o f the s c h o o l b o ard , the v a rio u s te a c h e r s and s u p e r in te n d e n ts f o r th e 1881-1890 p e r io d , and ad d in g a few o th e r comments.

I n d e s c r ib in g the C e n t r a l S c h o o l p r o je c t , we f a i l e d to in c lu d e th e f a c t t h a t , even b e fo r e the g re a t f i r e o f 1881, the d e c is io n had been made to c o n s t r u c t a new b r ic k s c h o o l house on a new s i t e .

In a s p e c ia l e l e c t i o n c a lle d f o r Tuesday, May 17, 1881 - and thu s b e fo r e th e b ig f i r e - the s c h o o l board asked v o te r s to e x p r e ss a c h o ic e f o r s i t e from th r e e s i t e s o f f e r e d . The s i t e o f the o ld B ish o p T h e a tre , on the b lo c k bounded b y 5 th , 6 th , Main and Park s t r e e t s drew 183 v o t e s .

The Isham b lo c k , bounded b y 7 th , 8 th , O liv e and Cedar s t r e e t s r e c e iv e d 12 v o t e s . And th e M illa r d b lo c k , s u r­ rounded b y 8 th , 9 t h , O liv e a rt Cedar s t r e e t s had 43 v o t e s . That d ecid ed th e q u e s tio n o f s i t e , so on J u l y 21, 1881, the Board so ld the o ld Commissary l o t to F .C .W . Owen f o r $1 5 0 .

Asked to choose between a b r ic k b u ild in g c o s t in g $ 6 ,0 0 0 , and one c o s t in g $8 ,0 0 0 , 218 v o te d fo r the $8 ,0 0 0 b u ild in g , 20 fo r th e $6,000 one.

School_B oard_M em bersJ_ 1 8 8 0 -1 8 9 0 .- The fo llo w in g ta b le reco rd s the s u c c e s s io n o f s c h o o l b oard members, y ea rs 1880-1890. ( p ) , ( s ) , and ( t ) mean t h a t person was, r e s p e c t­ i v e l y , board p r e s id e n t , s e c r e t a r y , or t r e a s u r e r . Terms were from May t o May. ■ 1883-84 .1884-85 Y ear 1880-81 .

1831-32 . .1882-83_________ J o s . C a m p b e ll (p) H .S . H erb ert . . . Henry V/ood.............. C .H . F r o s t ( t ) H .S . H e rb e rt (p) Cyrus H. F r o s t ( t ) Jo h n H ard in . . . . S . S . Kauffman . .

A lb e r t S . Long E l i j a h P e rry . . .

D r . S . B . Rowe . . . Jo s .C a m p b e ll (p) H .S . H erbert . . . Henry Wood (s) C .H . F r o s t ., ( t ) H enry Wood . . ( s ) C .H . F r o s t . . ( t ) Jo h n H ardin . . . .

S . S . K auffm an. A .S . L o n g ................

Jo h n H a r d i n D r . S .B . Rowe . .

Jo s .C a m p b e ll (p) H .S . H e rb e rt . Henry V/ood . . ( s ) H enry Dean ...............

Henry Wood . . ( s ) Cyru s F r o s t , ( t ) Jo h n H ardin . . J o s . Cam pbell . .

I n 1884-85, Kauffm an r e s ig n e d . E . J . M o rris r e p la c e d him .

I n 1884-85, M o r ris r e s ig n e d . J o s . Cam pbell r e p la c e d him .

Y e a r 1885-86 1886-87____ 1387-88 ____ 138.&-82______ _ _ 1889-90 J o s . C am p bell (p) D r . T . J . Jo n e s Henry Beddoe . . F . E . Dowd . . . M illa r d Godwin C h as. S trb b a ch (t) G e o . L . Love . Thos. D . S m ith . A lb e r t Neuman. G e o . L . L o v e ..

T T .S. H e rb e rt _____ J o s . C a m p b e ll. D r . T . J . Jo n e s . Henry Beddoe . F . E . Dowd . . .

E lija h P erry . . . .

C h a s. S tr o b a c h G eo . L . Love . . T .D . Sm ith . . .

A . Neuman . . . .

D r . T h o s. J . J o n e s ..

H .S . H e rb e rt . J o s . Cam pbell . D r . T . J . Jo n e s Henry Beddoe. .

A .S . Long .................. E l i j a h P e rry . C h a s. S tro b a ch G eo. L . L o v e .. Jo h n P . K a in e .

I n 1889-90, G e o . Love a c c id e n t a l l y sh o t h im s e lf. Jo h n P . K aine r e p la c e d him .

?

CVM 9/6/69

1880’ s

- 12 -

The A d m in i^ tra tiv e _A « i_T e a c h in g ^ S t a f f o f R o l l a ' s p u b lic s c h o o ls , y ea rs 18811890, i s l i s t e d b elo w . The a b b r e v ia tio n s used are t h e s e : "P r" means the p r in c ip a l o f th e h i^ i s c h o o l, to g e th e r w ith g e n e r a l s u p e r in te n d e n t. "Rm" means th e room in w hich th e te a c h e r ta u g h t — Rm 1 b ein g th e p rim ary , th e room o f h ig h e s t number ( as Rm 6 ) b e in g t h a t o f th e h ig h e s t grade or h i^ i s c h o o l. " L in e " means the separate n e gro s c h o o l - L in c o ln S c h o o l. For the second term , 1887-88, the re co rd a v a ila b le d id n o t s p e c i f y th e rooms in w hich te a c h e rs were p la c e d . "G r" means Grammar S c h o o l a p p a r e n tly th e e q u iv a le n t o f modern 8 th g r a d e . $35 means m onthly s a l a r y ," 3 6 " i s N o .p u p ils .

©

_________ Y ear 1880-81. 1 s t Term __________ ______ Y ear 1880-31, 2nd Term Year 1881-82 Rm 5 (p r) M illa r d Godwin Rm 6 (p r) M. Godwin ($6 2.50 ) ” 36 Rm 5 (p r) M i lla r d Godwin Rm 4 . . M aggie F in le y Rm 5 . . L e t i t i a G a lla h e r ( $ 3 2 .5 0 ) ..3 4 Rm 4 .• L e t i t i a G a lla h e r Rm 3 . . Sarah Minium . .

Rm 4 . . Maggie F in le y ( $ 3 2 .5 0 ) .. 42 Rm 3 • • Maggie F i n l e y . .

Rm 2 . . L e t i t i a G a lla h e r Rm 3 •• Sarah Minium ($3 2.50 ) . . 42 Rm 2 . . Sa rah Minium . . .

Rm 1 . . Mary Van Wormer Rm 2 . . Id a Sm ith ( $3 2.50) . . . . 31 Rm 1 . . Mary Van Wormer.

L in e . . Jo h n 0 . J e f f r e y s L in e . . John 0 . J e f f r e y s ^$40) .

L in e . . Jo h n 0 . J e f f r e y s Rm 1 . . Mary VanWormer ($3 2 .5 0 ) 71 Year 1 8 8 4 - 8 5 ______________ Y ear 1883-8 Year 1882-83 6 (P r) J .M . M o rris t$7 5 ) " Rm 6 (Pr) R .G . Kinkead ( H i.S c h o o l) ( P r ) . .M . Godwin . . .

Rm L e t i t i a G a lla h e r Rm 5 . . E s t e l l a A . H e ll (Grammar) Rm 5 . . L e t i t i a G a lla h e r Rm Maggie F in le y . . Rm 4 •• Nena A . M i t c h e l l ....................

Rm 4 . . M aggie F i n l e y . .

Rm Rm 3 . . J u l i a Demuth ................................

J u l i a Demuth . . .

Rm 3 . . J u l i a Demuth . . .

Rm Rm 2 . . Id a L . Sm ith ................................

Id a L . Smxth . . .

Rm 2 . . Id a L . Sm ith . . .

Rm Rm 1 . . Mary Van Wormer (Prim ary) Rm 1 . . Mary Van Wormer , . . M ary Van Wormer.

Rm L in e . . Jo h n 0 . J e f f r e y s (NegroSch) John 0 .

J e f f r e y s L in e . .

L in e . . Jo h n 0 . J e f f r e y s Y ear 1886-87______________ _Year 1885-86 Rm 6 (Pr) J . H . S t r in e ....................... 40 Rm 6 (Pr) J . H . S t r in e . .

43 Rm 5 . .

W .S .

P e rk in s (Grammar) . . 45 48 Rm 5 •• E s t e l l a A . H e ll Rm 4 • .

Nena A .

M i t c h e l l ..................

47 Rm 4 . . Nena A . M i t c h e l l 39 Rm 3 . .

E f f ie Morgan ..............................

57 76 Rm 3 . . J u l i a Demuth . . .

Rm 2 . .

Id a L .

Sm ith ...............................

53 Rm 2 . . Id a L . Sm ith . . .

53 Rm 1 . .

Mary Van Wormer ......................

82 90 Rm 1 . . Mary Van Wormer L in e . . Jo h n 0 . J e f f r e y s ................... 65 L in e . . Jo h n 0 . J e f f r e y s 67 TOTAL ENROLLMENT: 324 w hite c h ild r e n . . 65 n e gro .

M is s H e l l r e s ig n e d J a n . 14 , 1886. ___________ Y ear 1887-88 - 2nd Term Y ear 1887-88 - 1 s t Term Rm 7 ( P r ) . .R .C . Barnard 24 Rm 6 ( P r in ) R .G . B arnard ..( $ 7 5 ) M innie Morgan Rm ?

Rm 5 .(Gram m ar) T .M . Hanrahan ..( $ 3 5 ) * * 4 7 D a is y H a rriso n Rm ?

Rm 4 . L a u ra S i b l e y ( S t .L o u i s ) ..7 ^ 3 2 .5 0 ; 51 Mamie (Mary) Donahoe Rm ?

50 Rm 3 . L ora Maupin ............ ($3 2 .5 0 ) . . .

Annie T otsch Rm ?

Rm 2 . M rs. B eck w ith W ilso n ( $ 3 2 .5 0 ) .. 51 L ib b ie York Rm ?

Rm 1 . Mary Van Wormer - . . . ( $ 3 5 ) ............... 75 Annie Lepper Rm ? . Jo h n 0 . J e f f r e y s . . ($40) . . . . ?

L in e John 0 . J e f f r e y s L in e As betw een th e f i r s t and second term s o f 1887-88, there appears t o have been q u ite a s h i f t or s h a k e -u p .

Y ea r 1888-89 (P r) R .

C .

B arn ard . . . ($75 ) ..........................

Rm . .

L a u ra S i b l e y (Grammar) ($35) ..................

Rm . .

C o ra M a u p in ............... .. ($3 2 .5 0 ) . ------Rm 5 .

M rs .

M a r ia (C la u d e ) Jam iso n ($3 2 .5 0 ) Rm . .

L e n o ra S te r n ...........................................($3 2 .5 0 ) Rm . . J u l i a D u n iv in ...................................

Rm . . Mary Van Wormer ..............................

Rm - L in e . . Jo h n 0 . J e f f r e y s .................................... ($40)

_____________Y ear 1 8 8 9 - 9 0 ____________________ Rm 7 (Pr) E . T . Hubbard ( H i .S c h o o l ) . . .

Rm 6 ..M r s .M a r ia ( C .D .) Jam ison (Gr ammar) Rm 5 . . Cora Maupin ....................................................

Rm 4 . . B e rth a B ru ch er ...........................................

Rm 3 . . L en o ra S t e r n . R e sig n e d , R eplaced b y L i z z i e H a r r is o n ......................................

Rm 2 . . J u l i a D u n iv in .................................................

Rm 1 . . Mary Van W o rm er................................... ..

L in e . . J . 0 . J e f f r e y s ( h is l a s t y e a r ) ..

cm

9/6/69

1880's

- 13 -

was h e l f ^ S ' S ^ f i 0? - - ~b ° U- | c^ ° ^ - 1 8 8 0 -2 0 .- The p u b lic s c h o o l, y e a r 1880-01 on J u l v L 1881 c l l tJ Jne-:!r ±p ^ ° ld lo g Conm issar y B u ild in g . F ir e d e stro y e d i t 1 . j® ?1 ' 3 pt" P- *• Cox< wh0 had been sch o o l p r in c ip a l the p re v io u s year S f-M r l • t h lS 5Bar - b u t r e s ig n e d t o teach m th e m M i l l a r d Godwin su cceed ed him . o , . 7 h- 1 ^ - 1 8 8 1 - 8 2 was the year in which C e n t r a l S c h o o l b u ild in g was c o n s tru c te d c h o o l f o r th e second term s t a r t e d in i t on F eb ru ary 6, 1882. The 1882 canmencement program - the f i r s t we have been a b le to fin d f o r th e R o lla p u b lic sch o o ls - was h e ld on or a b o u t Ju n e 22, 1882. The program, b e g in n in g a t 8 :0 0 o 'c lo c k in th e e v e n in g , was t h i s : * S o n g : "WelconE " .................................................................................... By tb e S c h o o l.

O pening A d d ress: ........................................................................... M iss Emma C le in o .

R e c ita tio n : "Never G iv e Up » ................................................. E dd ie B ish o p .

R e c i t a t i o n : "Popping The Q u e ztio n " ......................................... Nora H i l l .

"The q u a r r e l O f B ru tu s & C a s s iu s " E d d ie L e p p e r ,C h a s . P ie r c e .

R e c i t a t i o n : "C o n n u b ia l C o n tro v e rsy " ...................................... Id a M i l l e r .

German R e c i t a t i o n : ........................................................................... F re d d ie S e e le .

R e c i t a t i o n : "How Je n n ie Came Home" .............................

Lenora S t e r n .

S e l e c t i o n : "M eteor" ........................................................................... W e llie H a rd in .

S o n g : "Sw eet R oses That W ith er" .................................................... The S c h o o l.

C h a ra d e : "P etro leu m " .....................................................................

S e l e c t Group, R e c i t a t i o n : "Be Reap What We Sow" ................................L i z z i e H a r r is o n .

R e c i t a t i o n : "Who'd Be A Boy A g a in ?" ..................................... Frank R y k er.

R e c i t a t i o n : "The P o lis h Boy" ............................................................ L u cy M orse.

R e c i t a t i o n : "The B e s t Cow In P e r i l " ........................Edd ie H a r r is o n .

R e c i t a t i o n : "Torn" ........................................................................ B e s s ie G a lla h e r .

R e c i t a t i o n : "The Lord O f B u r le ig h " .........................................F lo r a S c o t t .

R e c i t a t i o n : "The C h r is t ia n Maiden & The L io n " ............L u lu H a l l .

S o n g : ................................................................................................................. By The S c h o o l.

C h a ra d e : "D a n d e lio n " ........................................................................ S e le c t G roup.

R e c i t a t i o n : "Mother G r a y 's F a r e w e ll" ................................... Id a M i l l e r .

R e c i t a t i o n : " Je n n ie M c N e a l's R ide" ................................ H a t t ie M aupin.

T a b le a u : "GOOD NIGHT" ........................................................................ S e l e c t G roup.

The. Y e a r _1 8 8 2 -8 4 .- P r o f . J . M. M o r r is , who had been p r o fe s s o r o f p h y s ic s a t the S c h o o l o f M in e s, was the new p r in c ip a l fo r t h i s y e a r . The U n iv e r s it y c u r a to r s , b e l i e v i n g t h a t a c h a ir of p h y s ic s was out of p la c e in a S c h o o l o f M in es, a b o lis h e d t h a t c h a i r , th u s f r e e i n g P r o f . M o r r is . S c h o o l c lo s e d on or about May 8, 1884.

The I e a r _ l 8 8 2 - 8 6 .- J . H. S t r i n e , a form er stu d en t at the S c h o o l o f M in es, r e p la c e d R . C . K in k ea d , 1M10 had fo llo w e d P r o f . M o rris f o r the 1884-85 y e a r . We have a p h o to grap h o f th e 1886 g r a d u a tin g c l a s s , in whirh P r o f . S t r in e i s s e a t e d .

We have been a b le to i d e n t i f y a few o f the p u p i l s . These: The S c h o o l_C u r r ic u lu m For 1885-86 - the o n ly one o f the p e rio d we have found i s o f i n t e r e s t and in fo r m a t iv e . Here i s a d e s c r ip t io n .

P r im a r y . _Room 1 . - R e a d in g , s p e l l i n g , "£ lu s_w h a tev er e ls e the te a c h e r e le c t s to t e a c h ." . . .R o o m _2 .- R e ad in g , s p e l l i n g , fflent ar 5 sounds of l e t t e r s c a p i t a l l e t t e r s , p u n c tu a tio n , s l a t e e x e r c i s e s ----- Room 3 ,.- R ead in g, m ental a r it h m e t ic , w r i t t e n a r i t h m e t ic , s p e l l i n g , w r it in g , p u n c tu a tio n , a b b r e v ia tio n s sounds of l e t t e r s , c a p i t a l l e t t e r s , e le m e n ta ry g eo gra p h y ..................Room.,4^.- R ead in g, w r it in g , s p e l l i n g , p u n c tu a tio n , l e t t e r sounds, c a p i t a l l e t t e r s , a r it h m e t ic , geo grap h y..................* £ 2 2 L l- R e a d in g , s p e l l i n g , p r a c t i c a l a r it h m e t ic , advance d geograp hy, w r i t in g , grammar, r u le s f o r s p e l l i n g , p u n c tu a tio n , a b b r e v ia t io n s , c a p i t a l l e t t e r s , w r it t e n c o m p o sitio n .

The Work o f Room 6, under the p r i n c i p a l , covered two y e a rs - supposed to con s t i t u t e ” h ie h s c h o o l w ork. This was th e c o n te n t: F i r s t Year^ 1st, Term...- R ead in g, ' w r i t i n g , a r it h m e t ic , geo grap h y, £ r ~ r . _ . . 2n d ^ ^ . - ^ g l i s h ^ a l y s i s j L o ^ s t a r y , w r it t e n c o m p o s itio n , p u n c tu a tio n , a b b r e v ia t io n , sound^of l e t t e r s . ..S e c o n d Y e a r, 1 s t W m . - R e a d in g , GRAMMAR, b o o k -k e e p in g , w r itte n c o m p o sitio n , word and E n g lis h a n a ly s e , p h y s io lo g y , h y g ie n e _____ 2nd Term. - Review and d n . l l e x e r c is e s in a l l b ran ch es so f a r ta u g h t - p lu s w r it t e n c o m p o s itio n .

CVM 9/6/69

1880's

xx pr c

f h ooi

H e ^ B e d Z T tX V i T T ^ 1* X n s? 3et ° f * • “ ■ “ ■• " » c o n s is t e iT o f C h a r le s Stro b arh *Sr-a it h » D r* 3 J * Jo n e s , Georgs L . L ov e, Jo sep h Cam pbell, and R C Barnard rr^K i v ° r bw6 term , th e y e le c t e d th e s e t e a c h e r s : P r in c i p a l, L ^ Is m V v K xrksvxU j M r. t . . anrahan, R o l l a ; The M isse s L au ra S i b le y , s i ’ Id a Sm ith M De " o t o * ‘,ir s * BecRw ith W ilson and the M isse s Cora M aupin, I X n T X

S J f a ^ r

Wor“ r ’

or R o U a -

»-

*■ >•« -

« * » » * • ■ «

!° r S e c ° " d term , P r o f . Barnard rem ained as p r in c ip a l , but the o th e r new s e t o f te a c h e rs e n t i r e l y r e p la c e d th e se o f th e f i r s t term . These: The M isse s M innie o rg a n , D a is y H a r r is o n , Mamie Donahoe, Annie T o tsch , L ib b ie Y ork, aril Anna L e o u e r.

Jo h n 0 . J e f f r i e s co n tin u e d a t the L in c o ln (negro) s c h o o l.

The Ho_pele s g ly _ L a r g e _ C la s s e _ s , ru n n in g from 39 on up to 90 f o r the 1884-85 y e a r - 40 to 82 fo r th e y ea r 1386-87 - and 47 to 75 fo r 1887-88 - must have s e v e r e ly t r i e d the p a tie n c e and p h y s ic a l en erg y o f the te a c h e r s - e s p e c i a l l y in the p rim ary room s, w hich had the l a r g e s t e n r o llm e n ts .

The^ T eacher S a la r y _ S c a le - q u ite lik e th a t o f c o u n try s c h o o ls o f the tin e would n o t be t o le r a t e d in our d a y . The p r in c ip a ls were p a id from $55 to $75 per m onth, v e te ra n te a ch e rs such as M iss Van Wormer got $35 per m onth. The L in c o ln (negro) S c h o o l t e a c h e r r e c e iv e d $40 p er m onth. The more o rd in a ry te a c h e r s were p aid $3 2.50 per m onth.

S°rT E _3^ at_tere_d_F irian£ial_D ata. - We are able to p re se n t o n ly a few s c a tte r e d f i n a n c i a l d a ta f o r the s c h o o ls .

These: Board Date________ R e c e io ts $LxDenses B a la n ce D e fic it D is tr ic t School S e cre ta ry N ov, 18,1873 $ 9 ,0 1 8 .8 0 $ 9 ,2 7 0 .5 8 $251.78 A p r. 15, 1880 7 ,3 8 2 .6 2 5 ,4 0 0 .7 2 $ 1 ,9 8 1 .9 0 H . Wood $395,025 . . .

A p r. 12 , 1883 9 ,1 6 0 .5 7 6 ,5 0 2 .9 2 2 ,6 5 7 .6 5 .....................$16, 714.80 H . Wood J a n . 1 7 , 1884 1 ,9 4 5 .1 9 60 .76 (Gen Fund) ............... ... . . .

1 ,8 8 4 .4 3 Same D ate . . . 2 , 242.01 1 ,9 8 0 .8 6 261.15 ( b ld g . & I n t e r e s t Fund) • • • • • • • • • • • * • • J a n . 15, 1885 3 ,3 5 0 .6 6 • ••• • • • • l j 714.80 2 ,7 6 5 .1 5 745.51 • •••••• J u l y 17, 1890 5 ,1 6 0 .2 0 4 ,1 5 6 .6 6 .1 ,0 0 3 .5 4 M. Godwin M a r. 28, 1878 June 22 , 1882

T o ta l s c h o o l r e s o u r c e s , <*32,689.22 . . O u tsta n d in g d eb t $ 4 0 ,3 5 0 .0 0 C a t h o lic S c h o o l had 24 p u p i l s . Agnes Nena M i t c h e l l was te a c h e r .

The_ County _ S u p t ._ o f Schools,_1880-182P _;_- This o f f i c e r , a lth o u ^ i a county o f f i c i a l , was NOT e le c t e d in November, a lo n g w ith the other county o f f i c e r s . He WAS e le c t e d i n A p r i l , a lo n g w ith members cf th e p u b lic s c h o o l board and c i t y o f f i c e r s .

H is t e r n s , there f e r e , d id n o t syn ch ro n ize w ith th ose of the o th e r co u n ty o f f i c i a l s , b u t d id w ith members o f the s c h o o l b o a rd . At tim e s, there was a cou n ty com m ission o f t h r e e , one o f them b e in g th e s u p e r in te n d e n t. The th re e composed the te a c h e r e x a m in a tio n s f o r th e e n t ir e c o u n ty , and a d m in iste re d them . The R o lla s t a f f was in ­ c lu d e d .

They a ls o had to do w ith s e le c t io n of te x tb o o k s u se d .

W .S . P e r k in s was e le c t e d to th is o f f i c e i n A p r il o f 1873. He h e ld the p o s it io n from th e n , c o n t in u o u s ly , u n t i l A p r i l o f 1893, when W illia m C . Kennedy succeeded him .

T h is lo n g term of s e r v ic e t e s t i f i e s both to h is c a p a b i l i t y and h is p o p u la r it y and v o te —g e t t i n g pow er. He was t r u l y an e x c e l l e n t o f f i c e r .

CVM 9/8/69

1880 * s

- 15 ROLLA*S CHURCHES . . 1880-1890

R o l l a 1_s Seven P r in c i p a l C h u rch es^ 1 8 8 0 -1 8 9 0 .- The seven p r i n c i p a l ch u rch es in R o lla d u rin g the 1180-81 p e rio d were the C a t h o lic , North M e th o d is t, P r e s b y te r ia n , E p is ­ c o p a l, C h r i s t i a n , b a p t i s t , and South M e th o d is t. The A d v e n tis t chu rch had members, b u t no b u i l d i n g , nor d id i t make n o ta b le h i s t o r y . The f i r s t th ree had no e s p e c i a l l y n o ta b le e v e n ts , o th e r th an r o u tin e s e r v i c e s , o c c a s io n a l C h ristm a s and oth er programs and c o n c e r t s . The M e th o d is ts h eld r a t h e r ffr e q u e n t r e v i v a l s , and were e s p e c i a l l y f r i e n d l y term s w ith the P r e s b y t e r ia n s .

These two o fte n jo in e d in T h a n k sg ivin g s e r v ic e s The C a t h o lic p r i e s t , F a th e r O 'L o u g h lin , sp en t much time and e f f o r t in o r g a n iz in g and v i s i t i n g new chu rch es th rou gh ou t so u th c e n t r a l M is s o u r i. A l l of them, in c lu d in g the B a p t i s t s , S o u th M e th o d ists and E p is c o p a lia n s , fr e q u e n t ly sta g e d ic e cream s o c i a l s , s tra w b e rry f e s t i v a l s arri th e l i k e in e f f o r t s to b o ls t e r church fin a n c e s or p rovid e e x t r a fo o d o r c lo t h in g f o r t h e ir p a s t o r s .

F o r more d e t a i l s co n cern in g a l l th e s e ch u rc h e s, tu rn to the s p e c ia l s e c tio n o f t h i s g e n e r a l s t o r y of R o lla which we lave w r it t e n in a n o th e r c h a p te r . We in c lu d e th e f o llo w in g much a b rid g e d sk e tch e s c£ th e s e c h u rc h e s.

The C a to o i l c _C h u rc h . - This church co n tin u e d a t i t s o r i g i n a l s ta n d , the south­ e a s t co rn e r of 7th and S ta te s t r e e t s . F a th e r P a t r ic k B . O 'L o u g h lin was the lo n g -tim e p a s t o r , s e r v in g fro m May of 1880 to June of 1918 - t h i r t y - e i g h t y e a r s l He o fte n t r a v e le d a f a r on fo o t - and e s t a o lis h e d chu rch es in such p la c e s as Salem , Cuba, D ixon , S t . Jam es, S u l l i v a n , and V ie n n a . He was v ery a c t iv e among and in t e r e s t e d in young people - and was both companion - and promoter o f - R o l l a ' s b y c y c le c lu b .

The North_ Methodist^ C h u r c h .- We hare no p a r t u c u la r or o u ts ta n d in g ev e n t to r e p o r t fo r t h is c h u r c h . I t h e ld fre q u e n t r e v i v a l s , as we hare sa id - a ls o ic e cream s o c i a l s and v a r io u s f e s t i v a l s to r a is e money. The l i s t o f p a s to r s f o r the 1880—90 p e r io d i s t h i s : 1879-80 . . J . B . Lee 1882-83 . . Jam es Pine 1887-1891 •• I . J . K . Lunbeck 1884-86 . . B .F . Poole 1 8 8 1 ............ J * H a llo c k We may n o te t h a t , d u rin g the grea t a n t i- s a lo o n f i g h t o f 1887-88, R ev . Lunbeck to o k the le a d in c o l l e c t i n g the s ig n a tu r e s on a p e t i t io n p re se n te d to the County o o u rt, u r g in g the C o u rt NOT to g r a n t sa lo o n l i c e n s e s .

The P r e s o y ^ r ia n _ C h u r c h .- Along * i t h the other c h u rch e s, the P r e s b y te ria n s s ta g e d fr e q u e n t r a s p b e r r y or stra w b e rry f e s t i v a l s a t the o ld F au lkn er House on 8th s t r e e t im m e d ia te ly w est o f th e F r is c o t r a c k s . I t conducted o ld -tim e s p e llin g m atches fo r g e n e r a l e n te r ta in m e n t . On o c c a s io n , i t held n o tab le c o n c e r t s . As a sam ple, we p r e s e n t th e program fo r the one h eld A p ril. 20, 1882. .

P ia n o d u e t: (Von Weber" ................................... The M isse s Laura and Rebecca Annin Q u a r te t : "God I s The R efuge O f His P eop le" ( From C a n ta ta E s t h e r ; ...............

The M isse s M e ll and Demuth — M e ssrs. Johnson and S n e ls o n .

P asq uinade C a p r ic e : ( G o tts c h a lk ) ................................................. .. {J1 ” L* u r* V o c a l S o lo : " C a p tiv e K n ig it " (Hemans) ................................ D r . R o b t. L . Jo h n so n .

Q u a r t e t : " When H e Sea G ir e s Up Her Dead" ( Q u a r te t as above ) . ...................................M iss E u n ic ia Mcnntee V ocal vocal P ia n o P ia n o T r io :

D u e t: " The B ir d L e t L oo se" .................................................... .. • • t Whom • *. ‘ ' u ,, fn.04.4-qCh a lk ) ................................... M iss R ebecca A n n in .

S o lo : " The B a n jo ( G o tts c h a lk • • • • ....................... ^ m 3M S A n n in . d u e t- \ Lampa .......................... .. . wh«n 1 » Rock O f A ges" ( Warns n) ...............; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; — g a lla h e r ' .

n ^ fo lo :

(Capnioe E tu d e) . . . . . . .

M iss L au ra A n n in .

0 I s r a e l 1 ; From Cantata m sth erj ............

Q u a r te t : " I s r a e l i M e ll and J u l i a Demuth, M e ssr s. ----- Durand & ..i l l i a m The M is s e s ____ S n e ls o n . ......................................

D r . R o b t. L . Johnson Vv o o ca ca il So od lo " i u :. " F le e "As w A b ir d7_ The M isse s Annin P ian o d u e t: " W illia m T e l l " ( G o t t s c h a lk ; • • • ; ............

P ian o d u e t A M ISS IO N : T w e n ty -fiv e c e n t s .

CVM 9/9/69

1880*3

16 -

The P r e s b y te r ia n p a s to r s f o r th e p e r io d 1880-1890 were th e s e : May t o Septem ber, 1879, D r . R . B . Bement . . . Ju n e , 1880, to Ju n e , 1901, Rev. J . A. A n n in . He rem ained t h i s ch u rc h ’ s p a s to r lon ger than any other incum bent, e x c e p t f o r one o n ly - R e v . G . S c o t t P o r t e r , p a s to r from O c to b e r, 1945, u n t i l __________________ 19 6</. H is two d a u g h te rs - e s p e c i a l l y M iss Lau ra - became topm ost R o lla m usic te a ch e rs. ...............

The E p is c o p a l C h u r c h .- A sid e from i t s v a r io u s s o c i a l e v e n t s , c o n c e r ts , f e s t i v a l s , the p r i n c i p a l ev e n t fo r t h i s church was th e e r e c t io n o f i t s o r i g i n a l chu rch e d i f i c e .

As e a r l y a s Septem ber 8 , 1881, D r. C h a rle s E . W a it, d i r e c t o r o f the S c h o o l o f M in es, drew p la n s f o r the b u ild in g , and D r . Robert L . Johnson d is p la y e d them in h i s o f f i c e , i n the b u ild in g w hich in 1969 i s th e S c o t t drug s t o r e .

By the d a te above g iv e n , a c o n s t r u c t io n c o n t r a c t had been s ig n e d . The o u i ld in g was of G o th ic d e s ig n . I t s f l o o r p la n measured 19 x 40 f e e t . An e n tran ce v e s t i ­ b u le , added to i t s Main s t r e e t e n tr a n c e , measured 5 x 8 f e e t .

The b u ild in g stood a t th e n o r th e a s t co rn er o f 1 0 th and Main s t r e e t s , on l o t 10 o f b lo c k 85, B is h o p 's second a d d it io n .

Surm ounting a modest tower a t the n o r th e a s t co rn e r o f the b u ild in g was a beau­ t i f u l b e l l w e ig h in g 760 pounds. I t s fundam ental tone was in B - f l a t . I t was i n ­ s c r ib e d " C h r is t Ch u rch , R o l l a , M o ., 1887* C a l l a solemn Assem bly — G a th e r the peo­ p le " ( From G o sp e l o f J o e l , c h a p te r 11, v e r s e s 15 & 16 ) .

The b u ild in g was com pleted

by E a s te r Sunday, A p r i l 9 , 1882, when th e f i r s t s e r v ic e s in i t were h e ld . I t was f o r m a lly d e d ic a te d on Sunday, November 12, 1882.

The church e x is t e d as a s p e c ia l "ch u rch m iss io n " u n t i l 1949- From 1877 to 1881, i t was se rv e d b y trie R ev . W illia m Jo h n so n , who liv e d in Lebanon where h is p r i n c i p a l work w as, w ith the Lebanon c h u rc h . In M arch, 1881, he moved, w ith h is fa m ily , t o R o l l a , w hereese rve d as p a s to r ( r e c to r ) u n t i l h is d eath on November 12, 1892.

The d io c e s e b is h o p s , in g e n e r a l s u p e r v is io n o f the ch u rch , c o n s is t e d , f i r s t , o f the R t . R e v . B ish o p C h a rle s F . R o b ertso n , who served as such up to 1886, when he was su cceed ed b y th e R t . R ev . B ish op D a n ie l S y lv e s t e r T u t t l e . B ish op R obertson had p r e s id e d a t th e ch u rch d e d ic a t io n s e r v ic e s o f November 12, 1882.

The C h r i s t i a n C h u r c h _ ( D is c ip le s ) . - T h is church seems to have been much l e s s w e ll o r g a n iz e d , l o c a l l y , th an the fo r e g o in g f o u r . In 1877 th e y had bought the o ld Mason­ i c H a l l b u ild in g a t 4 th and Main s t r e e t s , and in i t con tin u ed to h old s e r v ic e s u n t i l l a t e in th e 1 8 8 0 's . They had formed no s p e c i f i c l o c a l o r g a n iz a tio n u n t i l 1883, when the tw enty members o rg a n iz e d a fo rm al s o c i e t y . Church s e r v ic e s were a p p a re n tly m o s tly i n t e r m it t e n t , w ith E ld e r s such as James M. Tennison and Harvey Drennon occu­ p y in g th e p u lp it on o c c a s io n . From June o f 1877 to O ctob er o f 1880 D r . n .P . B e lsh e s u p p lie d f a i r l y r e g u la r s e r v i c e . P r o f . J .M . M o r r is , e x -p r o fe s s o r o f p h ysio s at t i e £ « f w M I served a s p a s to r i n 1883-84, and led in th e move to o r g a n is e .

The c h i e f a c t i v i t y o f t h is church fo r the 1880-1890 p erio d was the a c q u is it io n o f the South M e th o d is t b r ic k b u ild in g a t 8 th and Main s t r e e t s . A s^ e a r ly as O c to b e r , T888 <-he ch u rch c o n sid e re d e r e c t io n of a new e d i f i c e to r e p la c e C h r is t ia n Chapel , as th ey c a lle d th e M ason ic H a l l . But by Feb ru ary o f 1386, the South M e th o d ist church had begun to d e c i l e , ani co n sid e red s a le o f i t s o u iq iin g at 8th and M ain , n , d , (.no 4-Vif> Phr*i s t i ans had rented the b u ild in g and were h o ld in ^

By November o f l ^ > / h e Ch: ^ i n t e r m i t t e n t p re a ch in g s e r v i c e s . On F ebruary r e g u la r Sunday S c h o o l th , hasg the South M e th o d ist b u il d in g , th e C h r is t ia n s f o r m a lly - in c o r p o r a te d under S ta te S ' S S ' i - S re co rd e d as of A p r i l 18. ^ 9 * ^

wTre T * . j f S o L ^ ^ ^ ' M i m S r S ' le t e

™ — - d a ni ^ r h a p s in some in s ta n c e s i n -

a = c u r a £ r - r a f i T S . t £ c h u r c h -s o»n r e c c r d . Such d a ta as » e h a w , c o v e rin g - i r r e g u l a r and in t e r m it t e n t s e r v i c e s , are as f o llo w s .

CVM 9/9/69

1880's

- 18 -

young f o lk s from town. P r o fe s s o r s R o b ert W. D ou th at and George D . Emerson were th e r e from the S c h o o l of M in e s.

As th e y noted th e r a p t a t t e n t io n o f th e young p e o p le , the two p r o fe s s o r s w ere so im p ressed th a t th e y a gre ed t h a t R o lla needed some s o r t o f a m u sic a l s c h o o l or c o lle g e w herein R o l l a 1s young people co u ld g e t h i^ i c la s s m u sic a l e d u c a tio n . The n e x t m orning t h e y to u red th e tow n’ s m erchant shops, s o l i c i t i n g both m oral and f i ­ n a n c ia l a i d .

They would s t a r t such a s c h o o l. And th ey_su c£ e£ d ed 1 Not o n ly t h a t , out i n a v e r y sh o rt time th e y had c re a te d a "W estern C o n se rv a to ry o f M u sic" — had i t a l l p la n n e d , even to the f in d in g of a p la c e fo r h e a d q u a r te r s . A board o f t r u s te e s was ch o se n , and t h is soon had the n e c e s s a r y t e a c h e r s .

The p lao e ? I t would be th e new ly com pleted South M e th o d ist Ch u rch , a t the s o u th e a s t co rn e r of 8th and Main s t r e e t s . P r o f . D o u th a t, a topmost p i l l a r i n th a t c h u rch , managed Doth th e purchase o f the chu rch l o t - and now t h i s arrangem ent fo r the C o n s e rv a to r y ’ s u s e . . . . .We pa-ise here u n t i l we have review ed the a c t i v i t i e s and d e c lin e o f the S o u th M e th o d ist Cnurch, when we w i l l review the c a r e e r o f th is W estern C o n s e r v a to r y of M usic - and the Im p ortant events w hich fo llo w e d , grow ing out o f th a t ca re e r.

The South. M eth o d ist. .C h u rc h .- D u ring the co n fe re n ce ye a r , which a p p a r e n tly ran from O cto b e r c f 1880 through Septem ber, 1881, the R ev . W. F u l l was p a s t o r . He a ls o served the S t . Jam es c h u r c h . In R o l l a , th e je a r w itn e sse d numbers o f church s o c ia ­ b l e s , su p p e rs, and p r o tr a c te d m e e tin g s . R e v . F u l l was p o p u la r, b u t fo r the n e x t y e a r was tr a n s fe r r e d to C h a r le s to n , Mo. R e v . J . H . D en nis succeeded R e v . F u l l . S e r v ic e s were s t i l l h e ld in the old M asonic H a l l , now c a lle d the " C h r is t ia n C h a p e l", and owned by the C h r is t ia n ch u rc h .

B u t the South M e th o d is ts wanted t h e i r own house of w o rsh ip , so the la d ie s h e ld f a i r s , f e s t i v a l s , church suppers - and by Septem ber c f 1881 had in c r e a s e d the church b u ild in g fin d to $ 1 ,0 0 0 . In a d d it io n , P r o f . R o b t. W. D o u th a t, o f th e S c h o o l o f M in es, had purchased th e l o t a t so u th e a s t co rn er of 8th and Main s t r e e t s f o r a s i t e .

P la n s were new p e r fe c te d so t h a t , d u rin g December o f 1881, the stone founda­ t io n s were la id . B rick work was w e ll under way by Feb ru ary o f 1882. As o f A p r i l , 1882, th e la d i e s h e ld a f e s t i v a l , th o u ^ it to have been in the com pleted b ut u n p la ste re d new b u ild im g . They n e tte d $98 - v e ry good fo r those tim e s .

I t was now th a t the W estern C o n se rv a to ry e n t e r p r is e in te rv e n e d - and i t may, p e rh a p s , have become the b e g in n in g o f th is c h u r c h ’ s d e m ise . I t c e r t a i n l y WAS a m ain f a c t o r . . . . In 1884, P r o f . D o u th a t, who was the forem o st prom oter and f i n a n c i e r , b o th o f th e chu rch and o f th e C o n se rv a to ry , q u it h is p o s t a t th e S c h o o l of M ines and l e f t R o l l a . The C o n se rv a to ry co n tin u ed fo r th re e or fo u r y e a r s , then la n g u is h e d and was removed, f i r s t , t o C a r t fo g * , then to Kansas C i t y , f i n a l l y to C h ic a g o .

Then, to o , th e Edward Downing W illia m s f a m ily , which from the ch u rch ’ s b e g in ­ n in g s had been the topm ost group o f church p i l l a r s , now e i t h e r l e f t town, or d ie d .

The p a r e n ts , Edw. D . W illia m s and w if e , to g e th e r w ith th e ir son Sam uel G . W illia m s , p rom inent R o l l a a t t o r n e y , removed to Roanoke, V ir g in i a , where the mother d ie d , and Sam uel became mayor of the tow n. The d a u g h te r, tr a n c e s - f i r s t m arried to John D. R o g e rs, and th e n to N athan Coleman, d ie d on March 3, 1887. M r. Coleman had d ie d in 1877. F i n a l l y , the f a t h e r , E .D . W illia m s , on r e tu r n in g f o r a R o lla v i s i t , d ie d on S e p t . 1 , 1887. A l l th is n e a n t th a t the c h i e f members and le a d e r s o f the church were now g o n e .

The rem ain in g members c f the ch u rch , reduced i n number, d ecid ed t h a t the b u ild in g w h ile none to o l a r g e , was n e v e r th e le s s to o la r g e f o r the sm a ll membership.

They t h e r e fo r e l i s t e n e d wten tte C h r is t i a n chu rch o ffe r e d to b uy. The s a le was consummated on A p r i l 18, 1889. , , As e a r l y as the 1885-86 y e a r , p a s to r J . R . L e d b e tte r seems to h aw sensed what was ab o u t to happen . In 1887, the new p aster R ev . M .A . C la y to n , was in R o lla w ith h i s f a m ily in O c to b e r . B ut he immediately developed a case o f m e a s le s .

— By A p r i l o f 1888 f o r seme rea so n - perhaps to keep them from s t a r v in g - he had se n t h is f a m ily to l i v e i n Craw ford co u n ty - perhaps a t S a le m . F or the n e x t y e a r ,

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1888-89, the d ie seems to have been c a s t . No r e s id e n t p a s to r f o r R o lla was named in the c o n fe re n c e m in u te s , - nor any s u p p ly m in is t e r . The R ev. D . J . M arquis was s e n t to S t . Jam es - preached on o c c a s io n a t R o l l a , and was a c t i v e l y in charge of the So uth chu rch on M i l l C re e k , w hich had been e s t a b lis h e d in 1845. South Methodism in R o lla was p r a c t i c a l l y at an en d.

The few members rem ain in g e i t h e r jo in e d the North M e th o d is ts - as d id the f a m ily of P r o f . John B . S c o t t , l a t e r co u n ty prob te judge - or found other church homes.

The P a s to r a L _R .o ll fo r the p e r io d 1879-1890 was as fo llo w s : 18 79- 80 . . R e v . W. F u l l .

1885-86 R ev . J . R . L e d b e tte r 1 8 80- 81 . . R ev . J . H . D en n is 1886-87 R ev. J .M . England 1 8 8 1 - 82 . . R e v . Samuel A . Mason 1887-88 R ev. M .A . C la y to n 1 8 82- 84 . . R e v . A .T . T id w e ll 1888-89 No r e s id e n t p a s to r .

1884-85 . . R e v . S .D . (FA or AH) Rogers 1839 ..............Church so ld to C h r is t ia n Church 1885 ............ Church b u ild in g d e d ic a te d 1889-90 and a f t e r - n e it h e r church or p a s to r .

As our g e n e r a l church s t o r y en d s, we must say th a t - had t h is South M e th o d is t Church dons n o th in g more than to n u rtu re the young Wesbern C o n serv a to ry o f M u sic - i t s s e r v ic e to R o lla would have to be c h a r a c t e r iz e d as IMMENSE - both in the c u l t u r a l and th e e d u c a tio n a l f i e l d s . However, i t s m oral te a c h in g s and in flu e n c e we re g r e a t , a l s o . A l l th ese b e n e fit s co n tin u ed in R o lla - and in the l i v e s o f tne m usic stu d e n ts and th e chu rch com m unicants, fo r many y e a r s .

We now tu r n to the rem ainder of the s t o r y o f the W estern C o n se rv a to ry , and i t s r e la t io n s h ip s to the S c h o o l o f M ines - and the f i n a l consequences o f th a t r e la tio n s h ip .

TP_V^TERI,_C0NSERVATORY QF_MU3IC 1882-1888 The. C o n s e r v a to r y _0 £ e n s . - We have d e sc rib e d th e manner in which the W estern C o n se rv a to ry grew out o f the 1882 c o n c e r t at the B a p t is t ch u rch , and hew P r o fe s s o r s R o b t. 1 * D o u th at and George B . Wmerson toured the s t r e e t s to secure m oral support and f i n a n c i a l a i d . How, a l s o , they had managed to re n t the South Me .h o d is t church b u ild in g f o r C o n s e rv a to ry h e a d q u a r te r s .

I t was here t h a t the C o n serv a to ry opened f o r b u sin e ss on Septem ber 18, 1882.

There was a board o f d i r e c t o r s , and P r o f. D outhat assumed th e r o le o f m anager. The f i r s t f a c u l t y in c lu d e d th e s e te a c h e r s : M iss Mary Lee Holbrooke ( from M a s s a c h u s e tts ), d i r e c t r e s s , and te a c h e r o f v o c a l m u sic; M rs. Mm. G . Baynard ( o f Lebanon, M o .), t e a c h e r of p ia n o and o rg a n ; Mr. W.M. E lt o n ( from New York ) , te a c h e r o f v i o l i n and g u ita r ; and M iss L a u ra Annin ( of R o l l a ) , te a c h e r o f p ian o and o rg a n .

T te _C o n s e r v a t o r e ’ s f i r s t £ u b lic _p ro ^ ra m , g iv e n by the fo r e g o in g f a c u l t y , was sch ed u led fo r Septem ber 29, 1882 - on _y e le v e n days fo llo w in g the s c h o o l*s o p e n in g .

Here i s the program : 1 . - In t r o d u c t o r y Remarks and E x e r c i s e s : ........................................... P r o f . D o u th a t.

2 . - W a ltz e s : (P ia n o , v i o l i n , ‘ c e l l o , g u it a r ) ..M r s Baynard, .'It s . E lt o n . and the M e s s r s . J . & '/.M. E lt o n , D r . R o o t.Jo h n s o n .

3 . - P ia n o d u e t: "O v e r tu r e " (M ozart) ...................... M rs.B aynard & M iss A n n in .

4 . - V o c a l T r io : "M erry S l e ig h R id e " .................... Mary B a y n a r d ,F lo r a Jo h n so n , and Mary B u s k e t t .

5 . - P ia n o s o lo : "P asq u in ad e" ( G o tts c h a lk ) ............................................. Mi^.s A nnin.

6 . - P ia n o and C o rn e t: "T e n -P in G a llo p " . . .

M iss HolDrooke & Fred Demuth.

7 * _ A d d re ss: ...................................... P r o f ________IcDonald ( S t.Ja m e s m usic te a c h e r ) .

8 . - S o n g : " E s m e r lld s " ........................................Baynard d D r . R o b t .L .Jo h n s o n .

9 . - P ia n o and V i o l i n s : (M artha) .M is s Annin - M r. E lt o n - D r .Jo h n s o n .

1 0 . - P ia n o s o l o : "Mein G r o s e ie r S c h a t z " .............................................. M1SS H o lb ro ok e.

1 1 . - P ia n o d u e t: From "Moses in E g y p t" ( R o s s in i; .M is s e s Annin <k B aynard.

1 2 . - P o lk a : ( P i a n o - v i o l i n s - * c e l l o - g u i t a r ; ................ ............... Mesdames Baynard & E lt o n , M . n i t o n , D r . Jo h n so n .

1 3 . _ A d d re ss: . . . ............................... P r o f . Geor^ D * Emerson, S c h o o l o f M in e s. ( con clu d ed on n e x t p a ^

)

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1 4 .- V o c a l D u e t: ' The L a r k " ...............

Mesdames Baynard & Jo h n so n .

1 5 * - P ia n o D u e t: ' H T r o v a to re " .

M isses Holbrooke <4 A nnin.

16.

- P ian o S o lo"W : altz" ( Chopin) ...................................... M rs.B ay n a rd .

17.

- Amusements: 1 8 .- "M ocking B ir d " ; (P ia n o , v i o l i n s , ' c e l l o , g u it a r ) * .’ .*!.’ .*.’ ! ..........................

Mesdames Baynard & E lt o n , D r .Jo h n s o n , M essrs. J . & W.M. E lt o n . ................................... i, i £ i s co n cert, I s _ I n t e r e s t i n g , when compared w ith some o f the programs l a t e l y g iv e n ^ t l ®t s . DrougHt to R o lla by th e R o lla Community C o n cert A s s o c ia t io n . But t h i s was e b e g in n in g o f s c o r e s o f s im ila r programs staged by the C o n se rv a to ry , arri by i t s lu m n i A s s o c ia t io n ( the lu te r p e a n S o c ie t y ) which o u t liv e d the C o n se rv a to ry .

In 1883 the C o n se rv a to ry was moved ou t o th e South M e th o d ist church b u ild in g , and housed i n the tw o -s to r y b r ic k G oettelm ann b u ild in g th a t stood on the n orthw est co rn e r of 5th and Main s t r e e t s - the s i t e of to d a y 's West E lem en tary ( P e rsh in g ) s c h o o l.

I n i s b u ild in g was l a t e r used fo r p u b lic s c h o o l p rim ary c l a s s e s , and then f o r a f i r s t se p a ra te h ig h s c h o o l b u ild in g * The C o n serv to ry s e p a ra te d o f f nine sm a ll rooms, s u it a b le e i t h e r fo r in s t r u c t i o n o f s n a il c l a s s e s , or fo r p r iv a te stu d en t p r a c t ic e .

Four were used fc r te a c h in g , f i v e f o r the s t u d e n t s .

There were f i v e or s i x p ia n o s , and a generous c o l l e c t i o n o f c o r n e ts and other h o rn s, drums, f l u t e s , v i o l i n s , g u i t a r s , c l a r i n e t s , ’ c e l l o s , and b ass v i o l s . At tim e s , th e re must have been a v e r it a b le d in w ith a l l those pianos and some of th e horns g o in g a t the same t i n e .

By 1883, two v e r y s p e c ia l te a ch e rs had been added t o th e f a c u l t y : M iss C la r a S e a r s , te a c h e r o f v o ic e - g r e a t l y r e s p e c te d and lo v e d by a l l o f R o lla - and P r o f.

Adam Ta ub e, te a c h e r of F ren ch , German, S p a n is h , R u ssia n - draw ing, m u sic, p a i n t i n g !

P r o f . Homer S c o t t and h i s f a t h e r , Mr. Jam es H. S c o t t , had retu rn ed t o R o lla from a s h o r t r e s id e n c e in A b ingd on, I l l i n o i s . Homer was to become the D ir e c t o r and Manager o f th e C o n s e r v a to r y , r e p la c in g P r o f . D outhat as m anager. The i n s t i t u t i o n now had fo u r r e g u la r m ajor m usic te a c h e r s : Homer S c o t t , M rs. W.G. Baynard, M iss B ir d ie Reed, and M iss C la r a S e a r s .

As th e C o n s e r v a to r y grew , from 1882 to 1888, i t in c r e a s e d i t s g e n e r a l a c t i v i ­ t i e s i n th e s e w ays; ( l ) As lo n g as P r o f . D outhat managed i t , he in ten d ed i t to be sup p lem en tary to th e S c h o o l of M in e s. I t should te a c h a l l th ose th in g s th e S c h o o l d id n o t t e a c h .

On th e o th e r hand, i t sh ou ld NOT te a c h a n y th in g the S c h o o l d i d . This id e a soon made him deep t r o u b le . ( 2 ) The i n s t i t u t i o n o rg a n ized and m ain tain ed a " lit e r a r y A s s o c ia tio n " . ( 3 ) There was a ls o a " L ib r a r y A s s o c ia t io n 11. ( 4 ) There was a C o n s e r v a to r y band, and a l s o an o r c h e s t r a . ( 5 ) There were two b o a rd in g houses f o r s tu d e n ts - one fo r men ( c a l l e d "P o v e rty F l a t s " ) - th e o th er wor women ( c a lle d " B la c k J a c k s " ) .

P o v e rty F l a t s was a tw o -sto ry b u ild in g , 30x50 f e e t in f l o o r dimen­ s io n s , the tw in o f the o ld Woolen M i l l b u ild in g on 7th s t r e e t between the F r is c o r a i lr o a d and O liv e s t r e e t . B la c k Ja c k s was the old tw o -sto ry re s id e n c e o u i l t by R o b ert P . F a u lk n e r , a t southw est co rn er of 10 th and M ain s t r e e t s .

The ''F l a t s 11 b u ild ­ in g was on the p r e s e n t ( 196 ? ) s it e o f the C h r is t ia n ch u rch , 8 th and M ain s t r e e t s .

I n 1885, the C o n serv a to ry was in c o r p o r a te d , and had i t s s t a t u s o f f i c i a l l y e s t a b li s h e d as a f in e a r t s c o l l e g e , w ith co u rses a c c r e d it e d fc r a d m issio n to r e g u la r c o lle g e p ro gram s. The c o r p o r a to r s were th e s e : E . Homer S c o t t , p r e s id e n t . . James H . S c o t t ( Hom er's f a t h e r ) s e c r e t a r y , A lb e r t 3 . Long, t r e a s u r e r , and d ir e c t o r s Luman F . P a r k e r , D avid M alcolm , and D r . Samuel B . Rowe.

The f a c u l t y th a t same y e a r in c lu d e d t h e s e : P r o f. Homer S c o t t , d ir e c t o r , te a c h e r o f p ia n o , o rg a n , harmony, m usic th e o ry . . M iss Clara S e a r s , v o ic e and p i a n o ..

M rs. Wm. G . B ayn ard , p ia n o , organ, m u s ic a l te c h n iq u e s . . Georgs W. Sm ith ( R o lla 3 v e r y u n iq u e je w e le r , g u n sm ith , and c lo c k maker V ^ ^ * * J * in stru m e n ts and o r c h e s t r a t io n . . Jam es E . F u lc h e r , o r c h e s t r a and band in stru m e n ts D r . Sam uel B . Rowe, anatomy o f t h r o a t and lu n g s . . M iss L u e lla S c o t t ( l a t e r l t s .

George R . Dean ) , B .S . , in s t r u c t o r i n French and uerman.

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-

— 3 tr ic _t_C o n £ e r v a t£ r £ R u lin g . or r e g u la t io n , s ta te d th a t "P u p ils_ m u£t_not dance_ - £ r _ g £ t_o_r£st_auran_ts_la te_ at n i.g h t " .

Townsmen were angered by t h i s r u le , b u t th e o o n s e rv a to ry defended and e n fo r c e d i t .

R e n d itio n O f_ T h e _ C £ n t e to _" D a n i£ lM was made p o s s ib le by th e numerous and w e ll tr a in e d C o n se rv a to ry stu d e n ts . TTie town e d it o r s a id th a t th e p la y d e a lt w ith " D a n ie l and them Hebrew C h illu m " - and was a tremendous s u c c e s s , f i r s t to l a s t .

T h is was s ta g e d in the New E ra Opera House, i n the two s t o r y b r ic k a t northw est co rn e r o f 6th and Pine s tr e e ts - i n 1969 owned by th e P ow ell Lumber Go. U n fo r tu n a t e ly fo r th e C o n serv ato ry - and f o r R o lla - the year 1888 found the i n s t i t u t i o n unaDle to c o n tin u e . F in a n c ia l r e s o u r c e s had been reduced to som ething l i k e r e c e i p t s of $1+0 p er m onth. The C o n se rv a to ry was d is c o n tin u e d in R o l l a , moved t o Carthage fo r a time ( Homer S c o t t g o in g a lo n g as owner-manager) - th o i to Kansas C it y .

I t f i n a l l y lo c a t e d in C h ic a g o , was much c f a su c ce ss fo r a tim e , then e x p ir e d .

We t h e r e fo r e in s e r t here the program fo r the Annual Commencement C o n c e r t, sta g e d by the C o n s e rv a to r y on May 21, 1888. This is i t : O v e r tu r e : " S o l i t u d e " ........................................................................ C o n serv a to ry O r c h e s t r a .

O pening chorus ...............................................................................................

Alumni A s s o c ia t io n .

P ia n o D u e t: " C a lip h o f Bagdad" ..M r s .P o o le (Nee J u l i a B is h o p )C la s s 1884. . . . M r s .M .F .F a u lk n e r (nee Nancy Rowe) 1885V o c a l D u e t: ..................................................M rs. N oel K inney ( N e llie Love) . . . . 1885 . . . M r s .E .M . H a rriso n (nee L in d a M inium )l887 P ian o S o lo : " G r a n d .G a llo p Chrom atiaue" M iss Kate Donahoe 1886 V o c a l T r io : "M o o n lig h t On The R h in e" ...............M iss S e a y , M rs. Kinney 1886 ............M iss L i z z i e H a r ris o n 1886 P ia n o D u e t: " B e l i s s a r i o " (two p ian o s) M isse s C la r a Rowe St J e s s i e Jo n e s 1886 V o c a l S o lo : " G a th e r in g Flow ers W ith M ary' ..M r s . N oel A . K in n e y (a lto ) 1886 P ian o Q u a r t e t : "Homage to V e rd i" M iss J e s s i e Jo n e s ..M r s E .M .H a r r is o n 1887 ............M iss L i z z i e H a rriso n St Mrs Claude Jam ison 1884 1887 "Triumph O f War" .........................................M iss Fannie C . M illa r d P ian o S o lo : 1886 P ia n o D u e t: " T a r a n t e lle " . . . Mesdames M .F .F a u lk n e r and H .B . P e rry . .

R e c i t a t i o n : "The Clo w n 's Baby" .......................................................Mrs Claude Jam iso n 1884 P ia n o S o lo : "P asq u in ad e" ( G o tts c h a lk ) ......................................M rs. J o s . W. Poole M rs.K in n e y St Mrs E .M . H a rriso n . . .

V o c a l Q u a r t e t : "G o o d n igh t" The M isse s S e a y and L i z z i e H a r r is o n ..

A co rn s_P la n te _d _B y C o n s e r v a t o r y .- Whether or n o t the C o n serv ato ry co n tin u ed in R o lla ” - i t had "p la n te d a co rn s" th a t w ould, th ro u ^ i th e n e x t f i f t y y e a r s , grow in t o huge oak t r e e s .

This was b ecause 30 many o f R o l l a ' s young people had r e c e iv e d h i g h - c l a s s m u s ic a l i n s t r u c t i o n a t the o o n s e r v ito r y — and because t h a t nad aroused in them a l i f e - l o n g m u s ic a l in t e r e s t th a t would n o t d i e . Numbers o f th ese alum ni were s t i l l l i v i n g - s in g in g or p la y in g in R o lla c h o ir s or m u sic a l o r g a n iz a tio n s - when and a f t e r th e o r e s e n t w r ite r s came to R o lla the f a l l of 1920.

O f th e s e perhaps John W. S c o t t , p r o p r ie to r o f the S c o t t Drug S to r e fo r 60 y e a r s , was the most prom inent For y e a r s he was the M e th o d ist c h o ir d ir e c t o r - the R o lla band o r g a n iz e r and le a d e r - the conductor of the R . O . T . . . riand a t the s c h o o l o f M in e s . M rs . N e l l Kinney was a n o th e r . M rs. A u s tin L . McRae ( nee M innie floods) was one of H o l l a ' s cap ab le o r g a n is ts - and so was M rs. M .F . F a u lk n e r ( nee Nancy Row e). We p e r s o n a lly knew so many o f th ese C o n se rv a to ry alum nae: Mesdames J u l i a (B ish o o ) P o ole . . H . B . P e rry . .L u e l l a ( S c o t t ) Dean . . M iss L iz z ie H a rriso n . . and numbers c f othere . T h e ir im p ress on R o l l a ' s m usic and g e n e r a l c u lt u r e extended to d a c e s " f a r away from R o lla " - and w i l l y et l i v e on fo r years .

P W i t h _ A _ U C a ll_ 0 £ Z 'iVe ste rn H e n n in ger S c h o o l of M u sic, reach ed th e tow n's h ig h e s t m ountain to p .

w ith the

CVM 9/9/69

1880*s

- 22 -

As n f

This was the C o n s e r v a to r y ’ s ''alum ni A s s o c ia t io n " .

Pn t ' ’ iS 9 2 ’ the Club met fo r one the alm o st w eekly c o n c e r ts g iv e n by the g ro u p . These members were p r e s e n t.

There were o t h e r s : n a i<r- Mesdami® : c -^ude D’ Ja m iso n . . M .F . F a u lk n e r . . George C o le . . C h a s. M. M cCrae.

N .A . K in n e y . The M isse s Agnes D eegan..M aude Donahoe . . J e s s ie H e lle r . . C la r a R ow e..

- gafV ’ L in n ie Lora6 ar . . J e s s i e Jo n e s . . E s s ie Boas . . Fannie M illa r d . .

K a th e r in e Deegan . . Nannie E u s k e tt . . Maude M i t c h e l l . . arxi M innie Wood.

THE SCH00L_0F MINES i - J . 881-1822 C h a rle s. E ._ W a it I s D ir e c t o r . 1 8 7 7 -1 8 8 8 .- P r o fe s s o r W a it, the second D ir e c to r o f the S c h o o l o f M in e s, succeeded D ir e c t o r C h a rle s P . W illia m s in Septem ber, 1877.

H is p r i n c i p a l t e c h n ic a l i n t e r e s t was in c h e m istry and m e t a llu r g y . Throughout h is a d m in is t r a t io n , th e se two f i e l d s were the ones g iv e n m ajor em p h asis. D r . W ait se rv e d as D ir e c t o r through the s c h o o l year 1887-88, when he r e s ig n e d and went to the U n iv e r s it y of T ennessee, a t wa s h v i l l e - where fo r t h i r t y - e i g h t y e a rs he served and became a renowned te a c h e r and r e s e a r c h e r in c h e m is tr y .

The Fou r_C on d en sed _D ep artm en ts. - As D r . W ait e n te re d upon h is d u t ie s , the u n i v e r s it y c u r a t o r s " v a c a te d " a l l f a c u l t y ap p o in tm en ts, and c o n c e n tra te d the S c h o o l's i n s t r u c t i o n in fo u r d e f i n i t e dep artm en ts: ( l ) A n a ly t i c a l C h em istry and M e ta llu r g y ; (2) Pure and A p p lie d M a th em atics; ( 3 ) E n g in e e r in g and G r a p h ic s ; and (A) Languages and P r e p a r a to r y c o u r s e s .

Under th e new arran gem en t, D r . W ait p e r s o n a lly handled the co u rse s in chem­ i s t r y axid m e t a llu r g y . In 1885, he o b tain ed a s p e c ia l $10,000 s t a t e a p p r o p r ia tio n and w ith i t p lan n ed and had c o n s tru c te d the o r i g i n a l 1885 C h em ical L a b o ra to ry - the S c h o o l's second campus b u il d in g .

I t was of b r ic k , one s to r y in h e ig h t . O u tsid e f l o o r d im e n sio n s, _____________ x ___________ f e e t .

The i n t e r i o r was w e ll a rra n g e d , and f i t t e d w ith fu r n a c e s and e x c e l l e n t equipm ent fo r th e tim e s . I t drew n a t io n a l a t t e n ­ t i o n , and was d e s c r ib e d as b e in g one o f the topmost such la b o r a t o r ie s in the n a t io n .

As fo r P r o f . W a it, he was a gentlem an o f f i r s t c r d e r , h ig h ly r e s p e c te d . M rs. W ait was d e s c r ib e d a s b e in g the most b e a u t if u l woman in R o l l a .

The S u c c e s s io n _ o f F a c u lt y Member^.- Throughout h is a d m in is t r a t io n , D ir e c t o r W a it c a r r ie d on the work of c h e m istry and m e t a llu r g y . . .In _M a th e m a tic s , th ere was r a p id c h a n g e . Back in 1871, N elson W. A lle n had been the f i r s t such t e a c h e r . He was succeed ed by Van C o u rt Y a n t is , who r e s ig n e d in 1878, a f t e r one y e a r under P r o f .

W a it.

In r a o id s u c c e s s io n , Y a n tis was fo llo w e d by Edwin J . J o l l e y , C a p t. Henry <V. C o x, J anEs H . L o v e , and Thomas C . Thomas. In 1832, P r o f. G eord ie Z . W hitney took o v e r, and served through the 1883-84 y e a r , when he was fo r c e d out because o f h is p a r t i c i p a t i o n o f th e campaign a g a in s t P r o f. D o u th a t. W h itn e y 's su cce sso r was P r o f .

E-.D.W . E a to n , who served out the r e s t o f th e W ait a d m in is t r a t io n , en din g in Ju n e , 1888 I n E r ^ n e e r in g _ a n d _ G r a D h ic s , M ajor Georgs D . Emerson, p r o fe s s o r of e n g in e e r i n s under D ir e c t o r W illia m s , co n tin u ed under D ir e c to r W ait u n t i l , p le a d in g i l l h e a lth , he r e s ig n e d a t the c lo s e o f the 1886-87 y e a r . P r o f. W. G . C la r k aid ed P: o f . Emerson d u r in g h i s l a s t y e a r , but in Septem ber, 1887, b o t h we r e r e p la c e d by P r o f . N illx a m H. E c h o ls , who was p r o fe s s o r of e n g in e e r in g to the end o f the 1890-91 y e a r . e was a ls o D r . W a it 's s u c c e s s o r , s e r v in g as D ir e c t o r irom Septem ber, 1888, to J a r .- , 1891.

In Langu ages A r r i_ P r e ^ r a t o r y J ? c r k , P r o f . R o b ert W. D o u th a t, h o ld in g over from the W illia m s a d m in is t r a t io n , had charge o f t h i s work under D ir e c t o r ./ait, from 1877 ud to December 1884, when - f o r rea so n s we s h a l l f u l l y d is c u s s l a t e r he r e l L n e d and l e f t R o l l a . In th e departm ent w ith him »ere two o f th e th r e e women who e v e r on th e S c h o o l's te a c h in g s t a f f - M iss F lo re n ce .V h ltln g , from A u g u st, S ? s ^ A u g u s t , 1883 - and M iss V i r g i n i a 3 . C o n k lin g , s e r v in g th e 1883-81 y e a r .

CVM 9/10/69

1880's

- 23 -

By s t a t e la w , two se p a r a te c h a ir s had been re q u ir e d to be e s t a b lis h e d i n th e S c h o o l. The c h a ir o f g e o lo g y , ordered so c o n s t it u t e d in 1877, was p u rp o se ly l e f t v a c a n t b y the c u r a to r s u n t i l D r . Ladd came, in 1897. The c h a ir o f p h y s ic s , o ccu p ied the 1882-83 y ea r by P r o f . Jam es M. M o r r is , was then a b o lis h e d by the cu ra ­ t o r s b ecause th e y b e lie v e d t h a t such a c h a ir was n o t needed in a S c h o o l o f M ines 1 i r a f . M o rris was t h e r e fo r e d is m is s e d .

The S c h o o l_D e s joe rate ly JN e e d e d S tu d en t s _ - _ P r o f . _D outha t_R e cru ite_d Them. These re -a rra n g e m e n ts o f c u r r i c u l a , f a c u l t y , and departm ents seem to have d e cre ased th e number o f stu d en ts e n r o lle d t o th e e x t e n t t h a t i t was th ou gh t t h a t the S c h o o l m if^it have t o be abandoned because o f the p a u c it y o f s tu d e n ts . In e f f o r t s to r e c r u it them ,^ i t was su g g e ste d t h a t the p r o fe s s o r s should spend t h e ir summer v a c a t io n s in s c o u r in g the c o u n tr y to fin d new s t u d e n t s . None o f th e te a c h e r s a s id e from P r o f.

D o u th a t resp o n d e d . He was f a c u l t y s e c r e t a r y - s e c r e t a r y a ls o o f th e c u r a t o r .1 E x e c u tiv e Com m ittee, and d e e p ly in t e r e s t e d in the S c h o o l. He v ig o r o u s ly scouted th e southw est c o u n tr y , in c lu d in g A rizo n a and New M exico - and a t t r a c t e d enough stu d e n ts to keep the S c h o o l a l i v e . FOR ALL 0 . H HE RECEIVED SCANT THANKS 1 D ir e e to r JW a ijj adds_Bj^sine_s_s And N orm al_Ccurse_s. - In a n o th e r e f f o r t t o b oo st s tu d e n t e n r o llm e n t, and a ls o to e s p e c i a l l y serve th e l o c a l b u s in e s s and e d u c a tio n a l i n t e r e s t s , D ir e c t o r W a it in 1880 announced th e S c h o o l's o f f e r in g s in p u b lic ad ver­ t is e m e n t s , in w hich he s a id , " Young la d ie s _a r e _a d m ± tte d o n _e o u a l_te rm s_w ith young meJ2.*_ B r £ th e r s _a n d _ s is te r s _ m a y _ e n te r _t o g e th e r ,_ a n d _:.h u s _ e x e r t an influence f o r jg o o d £ v e r _ e a c h £ th e r " In a d d it io n t o th e t e c h n ic a l co u rse s o u tlin e d above, the fo llo w in g c o u rs e s , th o u g h n o t e x c l u s i v e l y fo r them, would e s p e c i a l l y in t e r e s t young women: ( l ) A norm al c o u rse fo r t e a c h e r s . ( 2 ; Courses in E n g lis h , L a t i n , G reek , German, F ren ch , knel S p a n is h la n g u a g e s . ( 3 ) B ook-keep ing in a l l i t s forms - u s e fu l in b an k in g , m erchant a c c o u n tin g , r a i lr o a d in g , and ste a m b o a tin g . ( 4 ) Freehand and ornam ental d ra w in g , i n c lu d in g £ i l p a i n t i ng 1 ( 5 ) A f u l l p r e p a r a to r y cou rse fo r th ose n o t p rep are d f o r a d m issio n to th e t e c h n ic a l d egree c o u r se s.

T h is c o l l e c t i o n of l i b e r a l co u rse s perhaps b e n e fit e d the l o c a l a r e a , and was a l l t o th e good - u n t i l the u n iv e r s it y c u r a to r s became aware of what was g o in g on.

The two l o c a l c u r a t o r s , of c o u r s e , knew th e f a c t s from the b e g in n in g , and app roved.

B u t the f u l l board now d ecreed t h a t th e se l i b e r a l co u rse s should be d is c in t in u e d .

The R o lla a r e a p a tro n s o f the S c h o o l o b je c te d , however, and in 1885 persuaded the L e g is la t u r e to p erm an en tly e s t a b l i s h a d e f i n it e "Academ ic" c o u rse , w ith i t s own b a c c a la u r e a te d e g r e e . T h is e v e n t u a lly was co n v erted in t o the S c h o o l's p rese n t g e n e r a l s c ie n c e c u r r ic u lu m , le a d in g to the ba^cca^a^ire^te, m a s t e r 's , and d o c t o r a l d egrees.

The G r e a t S c h o £ l_ C £ n tr £ v e r s y _ o f 1882-8/*.- Vie have now a r r iv e d a t the b e g in ­ n in g s o f the g re a t c o n tr o v e r s y in S c h o o l a f f a i r s , which grew out o f two b a s ic hap­ p e n in g s : ( 1 ) D r . D o u th a t's r e c r u it in g o f M exican and o th er s tu d e n ts ; and (2) The o r g a n iz a t io n and conduct o f the W estern C o n se rv a to ry of M u sic.

We have d e s c r ib e d the o r ig in and a c t i v i t y of the C o n se rv a to ry , of which^ Pr o f , D o u th a t was the o r i g i n a l o r g a n iz e r , prom oter, and m anager. e have m entioned h i s r e c r u itm e n t of M exican and o th e r stu d en ts from New M exico ana A rizo n a and e l s e ­ w h ere. These stu d e n t r e c r u i t s , f o r the most p a r t were n o t prepared t o e n t e r the S c h o o l's t e c h n i c a l or o th e r c o l l e g i a t e c o u r s e s . They needed p re p a ra to ry work.

P r o f . D o u th a t n S l e d su ch T O * , p a r t i c u l a r l y In la n g u a g e s . He would combine the two n e e d s, and a l s o co n d u ct summer term s f o r such s tu d e n ts . a l s o conaucu su manager of the C o n se rv a to ry , and as p r o fe s s o r o f And so i t was » h d the o ld G e r r is h wagon f a c t o r y D u ild in g la n g u a g e s and p r e p a r a to r y " o r k , was j u s t behind ( e a s t o f ) the fo r m e r ly used t o make hubs ^ ^ i t D ou th at arran ged d o rm ito ry and b oard S g

f a c i l i t i e s ° f o r h e ^ m a l e ^ s t u d e n t s - am c a lle d the p lace "P o v e rty F l a t s " .

For

CVM 9/10/69

1880's

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R ^ f y0^nevl a ? i e S ’ m osbly o f fche C o n se rv a to ry , he a rran ged a d o rm ito ry in the o ld K o b t. P . F a u lk n e r r e s id e n c e , a t immediate southw est co rn e r o f 10th and Main s t r e e t s T h is p la c e he c a l l e d " B la c k J a c k s " , because o f the v a r i e t y of oak t r e e s the ^ r d .

He now p ro v id ed th e n e c e s s a r y f a c u l t y , and adopted a p o l i c y o f NOT te a c h in g any t e c h n ic a l s u b je c t o ffe r e d a t the S c h o o l of M ines - b ut OFFERING any and a l l r e le v a n t co u rse s w h ich the S c h o o l DID NOT t e a c h . He a d v e r tis e d t h a t t h i s e n t e r p r is e , a lo n g w ith the c o n s e r v a to r y , was "su p plem entary" to the work o f the S c h o o l o f M in e s, be soon had numerous s tu d e n ts , e n r o lle d f c r the S c h o o l's "p rep " c o u r se s, a lo n g w ith b e g in n in g s i n la n g u a g e s , m ath em atics, draw ing and o th er work.

I he_5 .o u th a t Program p r e s e n t ly , j u s t i f i a b l y or n o t, drew both comment and in te n s e c r i t i c i s m , b oth in R o lla and from o u t s id e . Why sh o u ld a S c h o o l o f Mines have a sup p lem en tary departm en t" o f f e r in g c l a s s i c a l m usic - or why sh ou ld i t con d u ct a C o n s e r v a to r y o f M u sic?? Why should such a s c h o o l o f f e r co u rse s in te a c h e r t r a i n i n g , or in o i l p a in t in g ??

As we have s a id , the u n i v e r s it y c u r a t o r s , upon le a r n in g o f th ese c o n d it io n s , a b o lis h e d the " l i b e r a l " c o u rse s a t the S c h o o l. But what of the C o n serv a to ry w hich b o th the S c h o o l's d ir e c t o r and P r o f . D outhat were a d v e r t is in g as "su p p lem en tarry " t o the S c n o o l ??

The tec_hnic_al S c h o o l_ f a c u lt y , p r i n c i p a l l y the two p r o fe s s o r s Emerson ( in e n g in e e r in g ) and W h itn ey T m athem atics ) , perhaps w ished to rem ain in good sta n d in g w ith th e c u r a t o r s . They lin e d up w ith the c u r a to r s in condemning t h is l i a i s o n betw een th e C o n s e r v a to r y and the S c h o o l and t h i s "supplem entary" program . They r o u n d ly condemned P r o f . D ou th at and h is p a r t in i t . And p r e s e n tly th e y had persuaded D ir e c t o r W ait to j o i n up w ith them. They must g e t r id of P r o f . D o u th a t'.

And here i s how th e y did i t 1 The th re e o f them c a lle d a s p e c ia l m eetin g o f j u s t th o se t h r e e . They gave no n o tic e t o o th e rs - no t even to P r o f. D o u th a t, who was s e c r e t a r y b o th t o the f a c u l t y , and to the c u ra to r E x e c u tiv e Com m ittee. They chose P r o f . W h itney to a c t as f a c u l t y s e c r e t a r y in p la c e o f D o u th a t. Then th e y composed a l e t t e r and handed i t t o the Board o f C u r a t o r s . In the l e t t e r , th e y made th e f o llo w in g recom m endations: ( l ) That the p r e s e n t departm ent o f Languages and P re p a ra to ry S tu d ie s be a b o lis h e d . ( 2 ) That in i t s p la c e , a new arrangem ent should D e made in which one new i n s t r u c t o r , w ith s a la r y of $1 ,0 0 0 per y e a r , be employed to te a c h m ath em atics, c h e m is tr y , and drew ing — and th a t a second te a c h e r be h ir e d to te a c h the E n g lis h b r a n c h e s , and con d u ct a p r e p a r a to r y course such as would p rep are stu d e n ts s o le ly and e x c l u s i v e l y f o r ad m issio n t o the t_echnic_al c o u r s e s , e x c lu d in g such p r e p a ra tio n f o r th e h u m a n is tic c o u r s e s . T h is in s t r u c t o r , d e sign e d t o d is p la c e P r o f . D o u th a t, would draw a s a la r y of $600 per y e a r .

The r e g u la r s a la r y s c a l e , fo r the m ajor p r o fe s s o r s , was $1,500 th rou gh ou t the W a it a d m in is t r a t io n - h av in g been reduced from a p re v io u s s c a le o f $ 2 ,0 0 0 .

The c u r a t o r s , h a v in g c o n sid e re d the th r e e -te a c h e r recom m endations, adopted them and made them e f f e c t i v e as o f J u l y 1 , 1884This a c t io n s tr u c k a m o rta l blow a t P r o f . D o u th a t, and as w e ll to the Con­ s e r v a t o r y ard th e two b o a rd in g h o u ses, P o v erty F l a t s and b la c k ^ a ck :;. pr o f .

D o u th a t c o u ld n o t p o s s ib ly support h is la rg e fa m ily w ith a s a la r y reduced from $1 500 to $600 per y e a r .

There was no a lt e r n a t iv e - he would have uo r e s ig n . This he d id w ith o u t p r e v io u s n o t i c e , j u s t b e fo r e Ch ristm as o f 1884. sh o rt a p p o in tments e ls e w h e r e , he was e le c t e d p r o fe s s o r of a n c ie n t Languages ( L a t in & Greek) a t th e U n i v e r s it y o f W est V i r g i n i a , C h a r le s to n . There he a t t a in e d h ig h ly r e s p e c te d ^nd n a t io n a l s t a t u s b oth through h is t e a c h in g , and a ls o by v ir t u e o f the tra v e lo g u e Se g a l T o n ’ th e C i v i l f c r , and e s p e c i a l l y on the famous charge a t G e tty s ­ b u rg ^ C o l . M i c k e t t , i n » h i= h D ou th at had p a r t i c i p a t e d .

These le c t u r e s to o k hum over

“ f f e « d much from tta. cam paign o f the th ree p r o f s s . p f n o u th a t W hitney was eased out a t the end of th e 1884-84 term , l e f t a t the end o f t ^ ^ ^ 8 7 ^ m ^ d D i r e ^ r W a it 's a d m i n i s t r a t a ^ of i a n » ," p u b lia h e d in 1941.

New Carbons

CVM

9/11/69

1880's

- 25 -

~ W ill ia ^ H o ld in g E c h o ls , J r . , the t h ir d head o f i s s o u r i s c h o o l o f M in e s, was a c i v i l e n g in e e r in g grad u ate o f the U n iv e r s it y o f V ir ­ g i n i a , C h a r l o t t e s v i l l e , V a . P re v io u s t o coming t o R o lla in 1887, as p r o fe s s o r o f e n g in e e r in g under D ir e c t o r W ait, he had been e n g in e e r f o r s e v e r a l r a ilr o a d s in ths v i c i n i t y o f V ic k s b u r g , M i s s i s s i p p i . For a tim e t h e r e a f t e r , he was connected w ith m in in g p r o je c t s i n C o lo r a d o . With him, i n 1887, came h is f i r s t w ife , nee M iss Mary ■Elizabeth tsla k e y , o f C h a r l o t t e s v i l l e .

A t the end o f the W ait a d m in is t r a t io n , the summer o f 1888, P r o f . S c h o ls was a p p o in te d a s D ir e c t o r N a i t 's s u c c e s s o r . In th at c a p a c it y he served th re e y e a r s , u n t i l the end o f the 1890-91 s c h o o l y e a r . He th en re tu rn e d to the U n iv e r s it y o f V ir g in ia to head the Departm ent of M a th e m a tics. In t h is w crk, he clim bed t o a p o s it io n o f n a t io n a l r e c o g n it io n , both fo r h is t e a c h in g , and f o r the s tu d ie s and books p u b lis h e d .

H is f o r t y - f i v e years o f such s e r v ic e ended w ith h is d eath on September 25, 1934. He had m a rrie d tw ice — the second tim e to Mis3 E liz a b e t h M i t c h e ll H a r r is o n . He fa th e r e d te n c h ild r e n - f i v e by each o f h is two w iv e s .

D ir e c t o r E c h o ls conducted the wcrk cf the S c h o o l of M ines under two p r in c ip a l d i v i s i o n s - th e " T e c h n ic a l" , ard the "A ca d em ic". The T e c h n ic a l d i v is i o n he su b d ivid ed i n t o f i v e sep arate d e p artm en ts, which he c a lle d " s c h o o ls " , th u s : ( l ) E n g in e e rin g ( c i v i l , m in in g , m echanic l ) .

(2) A n a ly t ic a l C h em istry and M e t a llu r g y .

(3) Pure M a th e m a tic s . ( 4 ) G e o lo g y and M in e r a lo g y . And ( 5 ) P h y sic s ( in c lu d in g e l e c t r i c i t y , or e l e c t r i c a l e n g in e e r in g ) .

The Academ ic d i v i s i o n covered th e work s p e c if ie d in th e l e g i s l a t i v e a c t o f 1885, p lu s a tw o -y ea r p r e p a r a to r y course which in clu d e d E n g lis h and E n g lis h grammar, E n g lis h l i t e r a t u r e , German and F ren ch la n g u a g e s , h is t o r y ( A m erican, E n g lis h , g e n e r a l ) , c i v i l governm ent, eco n o m ics; H igher a r it h m e t ic , a lg e b r a , p lan e and s o lid geom etry; b o ta n y , c h e m is tr y , p h y s ic s , p h y s io lo g y , p h y s ic a l geo grap hy, and b o o k -k e e p in g .

The_ E c h o l s _ F a c u l t y .- D ir e c t o r E c h o ls r e ta in e d the t i t l e and work as p r o fe s s o r o f e n g in e e r in g th ro u g h o u t h is a d m in is tr a tio n . . . . P r o f . W .H. Seamon served as departm ent head o f A n a l y t i c a l C h e m istry and M e ta llu r g y , from Septem ber, 1388, through^^the J889r90 y e a r . P r o f . C h a s. Palm er served a sh o rt w h ile , and stu d en t in s t r u c t o r / fin is n S d i o r 1' war the 1890-91 y e a r . . . . P r o f . W a lte r Buck R ich a rd s headed the Departm ent c f M athem atics th rou gh ou t the E c h o ls a d m in is tr a tio n - as w e ll as through th e H a r r is a d m in is t r a tio n , and h i s own w h ile d i r e c t o r , 1893-1897.

The work o f the Academ ic Departm ent was, headed by P r o f . E . A . D rak e , f o r the y e a rs 1885-1891, b u t f o r the p e rio d 1889-9l/ w ls a s s is t e d by P r o f. J u l i u s (" P e te r Jim m ie" ) W ilk in s , in s t r u c t o r in the p r e p a r a to r y d e p artm en t. ...T h e r e were NOT, as y e t , any se p a ra te p r o fe s s o r s of g e o lo g y and m in e ra lo g y , or of p h y s ic s — so th a t such i n s t r u c t i o n had t o be given by the departm ents cf e n g in e e r in g and c h e m is tr y .

T te_E ch o L s E d u c a tio n a l P o l i c i e s . - They p la ce d d i s t i n c t em phasis on the te c h ­ n i c a l c o u r s e s . M r. E c h o ls f o r c i b l y d e s c r ib e d th e S c h o o l as an I n s t i t u t e of tech­ n o lo g y " . He fa v o re d and approved c f the Acade i c course — out viewed i t l a r g e l y as th e su p p lem en tary c u l t u r a l t r a i n in g needed by ths e n g in e e r . H is m o tto , or s lo g a n , fo r th e S c h o o l, fe a tu r e d i n a l l h is c a t a lo g s , was "Work I s V ic t o r y " .

That m otto was in ­ s c r ib e d on th e s i l v e r b e l l which he had i n s t a l l e d on top cf th e R o lla b u ild in g . The b e l l ran g out f o r some s i x t y y e a rs - u n t i l crack ed by stu d e n t hammers. I t was then rem oved. , The B a c h e lo r _ 0 f S c ie n c e Degre_e was c o n fe rre d in S IX m ajor degree c o u r se s: I n M in in g ” C i v i l , “ arri M e ch a n ical e n g in e e r in g - in C h em istry^ (ch em ical e n g in e e r in g ; i n M a th e m a tics and P h y s ic s ( e l e c t r i c a l e n g in e e r in g ) - and in G e n e ra l S c ie n c e .^ No dep-ree was g ra n te d fo r work in the Academ ic departm ent - but d ip lo m as, the e q u iv a le n t , were aw arded. C e r t i f i c a t e s were g iv e n f o r com p letio n o f th e two-year p re p a ra to ry co u rse In a l l o n ly FIVE such d e g rees were awarded d u rin g the E ch o ls a d m in is tr a tio n . * s Uf cr * a tte n d a n c e , o v e r the th re e y e a r s an average of 71 stu d e n ts per year were e n r o l l e d . O f th e s e , 40 were male s tu d e n ts , 22 fe m a le .

CVM 9/11/69

- 26 -

1880's

S c h o o l S a ^ r ie s _ A n d _ F in a n £ e S j_ 1 8 8 8 -1 8 2 1 . - The W ait a d m in is tr a tio n had su c­ ceeded in o b ta in in g b ie n n ia l s t a t e a p p r o p r ia tio n s o f *1 5 ,0 0 0 , b e g in n in g in 1877* These amounts were c o n tin u e d throughout the E c h o ls a d m in is t r a t io n , e x c e p t th a t f o r the 1891 y e a r th e y were r a is e d to 1 9 ,0 0 0 . In 1889, a s p e c ia l a p p r o p r ia tio n o f $5,000 was used to c o n s t r u c t a "S tu d e n t Club H ou se", a t the n o r th e a s t co rn er o f 11th and S ta te stre e ts.

T h is i s a t h r e e - s t o r y b r ic k r e s i d e n t i a l type o f b u ild in g , with b asen E n t, m easu rin g ______ x ______ f e e t in f l o o r p la n . Today ( 1969 ) i t i s the C h a n c e llo r ' s r e s id e n c e .

A s_F £ i?_3 a l ar ies_, w hich fo r the W illia m s a d m in is tr a tio n had been *2 ,0 0 0 fo r f u l l ,p r o f e s s o r s - C l , 500 under D ir e c t o r W a lt - the u n iv e r s it y c u r a t o r s , in December, 1890, f i x e d the s a la r y o f f u l l u n iv e r s it y p r o fe s s o r s a t *2 ,0 0 0 per annum. B u t, in d o in g s o , the c u r a to r s s a id t h a t ONLY THE DIRECTOR a t R o lla was such a " f u l l " p r o fe s s o r , and o n ly HE w ould be p a id the * 2 ,0 0 0 . He was c o n sid e re d the o n ly te a c h e r a t R o lla who had " f u l l " p r o fe s s o r s t a t u s . A l l th e o th e rs would be p a id n o t t o exceed *1 ,8 0 0 p er y e a r . . . . And, e x p r e s s in g h is cwn v ie w s, as w e ll as those c f th e c u re ; r e s i­ d en t R . H . J e s s e s a id t h a t the S ch o o l of Mines would "a c h ie v e th e b e s t r e s u l t s , in my o p in io n " by deepe_hinjj the i n s t r u c t i o n in the t e c h n ic a l co u rse s - m ining and m e ta llu r g y i n p a r t i c u l a r - in s t e a d of "e x te n d in g " the work o u tsid e o f th o se f i e l d s .

D ire £ t£ r_S £ h c > ls W r ite _ s _ B itte r L e t t e r _ T £ L e g is la t u r e ^ - D eeply a n g ered , em bit­ te r e d by su ch s t r i c t u r e s imposed by the u n i v e r s it y c u r a to r s and p r e s id e n t , D ir e c to r E c h o ls on Ja n u a r y 10, 1891, wrote a l e t t e r d i r e c t l y to the M is s o u r i L e g i s l a t u r e , in w hich he c h a s t iz e d the u n i v e r s it y a d m in is tr a tio n fo r r e f u s in g , s in c e 1877, to a p p o in t a p r o fe s s o r of g e o lo g y , or a p r o fe s s o r of p h y s ic s s in c e 1883 - b o th o f which had been made m andatory b y the L e g i s l a t u r e . He s a id he would r e fu s e t o g r a n t any degree in Mine E n g in e e r in g u n t i l th ese re u ir e m a its were m et. And he f o r c e f u l l y m ain tain ed t h a t the R o lla s c h o o l was in f a c t an " I n s t i t u t e o f T e ch n o lo gy ", and should be g iv e n the name " M is s o u r i I n s t i t u t e c f T e ch n o lo g y ". He im p lie d t h a t , whereas the i n s t i t u t i o n a t Colum bia had a c t i v e s u p p o rte rs and lo D b y is t s in c o n ta c t w ith the L e g is l a t u r e , R o lla had n e i t h e r .

The L e g is la t u r e must th e r e fo r e a c t on i t s own i n i t i a t i v e .

C h a ir o f_ P h y s ic s _ _ I s_ Set_ Up^- I f the E ch o ls l e t t e r had no o th e r e f f e c t , i t DID b r in g a b o u t th e app o in tm en t, b e g in n in g w ith t i e n e x t y e a r and th e H a r ris a d m in is tr a tio n , o f th e C h a ir of P h y s ic s , which was then made perm anent. The C h a ir o f G e o lo g y had t o w a it u n t i l D ir e c t o r Ladd came, in Septem ber, 1897.

The N e g le c t 0 f_T h e _S c h o o l on the p a r t c f the u n i v e r s it y c u r a to r s and p r e s id e n t caused v a rio u s' b i l l s to be in tro d u c e d in the L e g is la t u r e , from 1889 to 1895, d e sign e d t o se v e r th e S c h o o l o f M in e s, as w e ll as the C o lle g e of A g ricu ltu re , from tne U n iv e r s it y o f M is s o u r i. In th e S e n a t e , B i l l No. 356, in tro d u ce d on Feb ru ary 1 , 1889, proposed to se v e r th e S c h o o l c f M ines from the U n iv e r s it y , and change i t s name to th e M is s o u ri • I n s t i t u t e c f T e c h n o lo g y ." T h is b i l l , added t o o th er c a u s t ic c r i t i c i s m h L c o n ti^ e ^ tS caused p r e s id e n t Laws to r e s i g n . P r e s id e n t R .H . J e s s e , wno r e p la c e d him, co n tin u ed the u n i v e r s i t y ’ s r e s t r i c t i v e p o l i c i e s . Even M is s o u r i's g o v e rn o r, A lb e r t P . Morenouse s a id t h a t i t had been a m ista k e to c re a te th e S c h o o l of M ines and the C o lle g e of A g r ic u ltu r e as p a ^ s * the ™ i " L i t y .

They o u f^ t t o be sep arated Both sc h o o ls »ouid "be o f v a s tly R e s i g n s .- ‘ H aving d ecid ed t h a t h is f i g h t to m a in ta in the S c h o o l o f M ines " in s t U u t - e - o f te c n n o lo g y " , and b ib b i f t e e n c e ^ d t n the c u r a to r s .e r e in su rm o u n taD lfi, D ir e c t o r E c h o ls r e s t e d at the end of the 1890 91 year l J t t e r ^ t e n S y ^ 1891, he recommended to the ** L i t t l e R ock, A rk a n sa s, % naJ^ ^ Slv^ ef t o g e t h e r on r e ilr o a d j r e je c t s i n M is s is s i PPi E T 5 2 L ? " !

Q £ 5 f w l said t h a f u r . H a r ris . a s " in in both the and A rK an sas, am man vou can p e t as he p o ss e ss e s hot* ■ « » < * « > qu aifio ation th|. £ . e | t = g ^ . t e v e r y r e s p e c t am " ‘j n j ' t s “ a“ mlli_ c f h ii h e s t c h a r a c t e r . In a l l r e s p e c ts n e c e s s a r y t r a i n i n g and e x p e r ie n , . c u r a tors adopted the re com nendation. he i s th o r o u g h ly ca p a b le and f i t . 1.' . . . ihe c u ra to r s ne i s pnorou0u j-j y TT^hols a d m in is t r a t io n , and a ls o our And th u s we c lo s e our sK.etch o f the -c h o d e t a i l can be read IT ^ I W

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X

CVM 9/16/69

1880's

- 27 OTHER COMMUNITY AFFAIRS. 1881-1890

The R ° l l a T e leg ra p h Com pany.- As e a r l y as Ja n u a ry 26, 1882, a group o f c h o o l o f M ines stu d e n ts jo in e d , as an in fo r m a l "company", in s t r in g in g te le g r a p h w ire s a l l over R o l l a . L e v i Kauffman was p r e s id e n t , H .N . Vandevander, c l a s s o f 1882, • • • , the s e c r e t a r y . On t h a t d ate th e y had in te r c o n n e c te d s i x dcwn-town o f f i c e s w ith t e le g r a p h s e r v i c e .

Zei® £ h o n e s_In R b l l a . - In 1887, Luman F . P a rk e r, a t t o r n e y , le d o f f w ith t e l e ­ phone s e r v ic e when he had a te le p h o n e l i n e stru n g from h is o f f i c e t o the Court H o u se. In A u g u st, 1890, David M alcolm had a phone i n s t a l l e d between h is r e s id e n c e and the N a t io n a l Bank o f R o l l a . A second such phone, in ten d ed f o r p u b lic u s e , was i n s t a l l e d w ith l i n e s between D r . Rowe’ s drug s to r e and th e C o u rt House. The e d it o r s a id t h a t th e s e phones " worked l i k e a charm ". The phones m entioned were the f i r s t ev e r i n s t a l l e d in R o l l a .

They d id not serve o u ts id e o f R o l l a .

The N a tio n a l_B a n k £ f _ R o l l a . - By Ja n u a ry 12 o f 1882, t h i s bank - the o n ly one in R o lla as of t h a t d a t e , had e s t a b lis h e ■ ' h e a d q u a rte rs in the new " P o s t O f f i c e " or "M alcolm " b u ild in g , on 8 th s t r e e t , some 93 to 138 f e e t e a s t from Pine s t r e e t .

As o f F e b ry a ry 6, 1890, i t s o f f i c e r s were t h e s e : P r e s id e n t , Cyrus H. F r o s t .

C a s h ie r , D av id W. M alco lm . D ir e c t o r s , C .H . F r o s t , A . J . S e a y , . . . M alcolm , A .S .L o n g , E .W . B is h o p , John R . Bowman, and F . H . B a r n it z .

I n May, 1889, i t s f i n a n c i a l r e p o rt su p p lie d th ese f i g u r e s : T o ta l re so u rce s . . . #238,203.77 Loans ........................................ 1 0 0 ,0 2 2 .3 4 P a id - in c a p i t a l s to c k 50 , 000.00 S u r p lu s ................................... 1 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0 U n d iv id ed p r o f i t s . . .

1 0 ,7 2 2 .3 0 SUCCESSI0N_0F B U SIN ESSE S.- For the p e rio d 1881 to 1890, the r o l l c a l l o f R o lla b u s in e s s e s , y e a r by y e a r - as t h e ir ad v ertisem en ts seemed t o in d ic a t e - was a s f o llo w s - though the l i s t i s by no means com p lete: 1881: M i l l a r d , Sm ith & C o ., s e l l i n g g e n e r a l m erchan d ise, were u s in g f u l l page a d v e r t i s e m e n t s ... E . J . M o r r is , v e te ra n R o lla hardware! man, contended t h a t h i s s to r e was the l a r g e s t hardware sto re in M is s o u r i . . . and D r . Th os. J . Jo n e s , w ith S . C . S . C o r n a r i, ran a je w e lr y s t o r e .

1882: R o b e rt Love & C o ., to g e th e r w it; . . M illa r d , had g e n e r a l s t o r e s a lo n g s id e the F r is c o r a i l r o a d , between 7th and 8th s t r e e t s .

They d isp en sed gro­ c e r i e s , c l o t h i n g , and o th e r m erch a n d ise . . . . C h a rle s Roehm, on 7th s t r e e t , south s id e , between P in e and R o l l a s t r e e t s , cou ld r e fr e s h you w ith ic e cream and carb on ated soda d r i n k s . . . . C h a r le s S tr o b a c h , a t 7th and P in e , co u ld su p p ly your home w ith f u r n i t u r e . And George W. S m ith , R o l l a ’ s most v e r s a t i l e je w e le r , gunsm ith, c lo c k m aker, church and C o n se rv a to ry o r g a n is t , co u ld s e l ^ y o u any kin d o f m u s ic a l in s t r u ­ m ent, or a s p e c i a l w hite bronze cem etery monument. He a ls o in v e n te d the A u s t r a lia n b a l l o t sy ste m , and had sample b a l l o t s c o p y r ig h te d .

1883: M iss A u gu sta G r a tz m u lle r , w ith h er s i s t e r -----------------------, were rto lla s to p -n o tc h m i l l i n e r s o f t h is y e a r , as w e ll fo r many a n o th e r. L a d ie s h ats ? They had th em ! And th e y so ld them, t o o . Their e x h ib it s a t many cou n ty f a i r s dragged “ ^ 1884: S * . M. M illa r d co n tin u ed h is f u l l page sto re a d v e r t is e m e n t Meantime, some bad” boys p la y in g w ith m atch es, s e t h is barn on f i r e . I t was c o m p le te ly d e stro y e d

By Ja n u a r y , 1884, W illia m P a u l s e l l & C o . had opened a com peting g e n e r a l s to r e P a u l s e l l a ls o d ab b led in c i t y and co u n ty p o l i t i c s , s e r v in g as c i t y co u n cilm an and and b u s i e s d u l l

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. . ' . I n 1885, Thetas « . Jo n e s teamed up w ith Cyrus H .F r o s t

CVM 9/17/69

1880‘ s

- 28 -

s e l l i n g r e a l e s t a t e and in su ra n c e . . . And T . E . Love lo c a t e d h is new l i v e r y s ta b le a t th e n o r th e a s t co rn e r o f 9 th and Pine s t r e e t s ( L o t 5, B lo c k 52) - the s i t e o f R o l l a ' s P u b lic L ib r a r y o f 1969 . I f you wanted to go p la c e s , he had the h o r s e s , the h a c k s , and th e s t y l i s h c a r r ia g e s you would n e ed . But h is s ta b le had a r i v a l i n th e E . F . M i l l e r b arn , a t southw est corn er cf 6th and P in e . The o ld Germania H a l l had been i n th e second f lo o r l o f t o f t h i s b u ild in g .

1886,: In Ja n u a r y , M e s s r s . F .E . Dowd and .ir th u r Corse had a new and com plete s e t o f a b s t r a c t r e c o r d s made f o r t h e i r new a b s t r a c t o f f i c e .

They employed a man named " P r o f . S t . Elmo" to do th e w ork. . . . .-010 the fir m o f L iv e s a y & Love ( John 3 .

L iv e s a y and E lk an ah Loye) bought the remnants o f the lo n g -tim e E . J . M o rris hardware s to r e when M r. M o r r is d ie d , in Septem ber.

1887: There was no e x c i t i n g b u sin e ss developm ent d u rin g t h i s y e a r .

1888: T h is was a s p e c ia l y e a r in R o lla , owing to the f a c t th a t in th a t y e a r th e R o lla B u ild in g and Loan Company was o r g a n iz e d . That s p e lle d p r o g r e s s . M r. S . F .

W icklow , o f A berdeen, was th e o r g a n iz e r . A S t a t e c h a r te r was secured by December, 1888. D r . Sam uel B . Rowe was named p r e s id e n t . Thomas If* Jo n es was s e c r e t a r y , and H enry Wood th e t r e a s u r e r . These and the fo llo w in g were the d i r e c t o r s : O .W .Jo n e s .

H enry H . H o h e n sch ild . . . Robert MeCaw . . . and Jam es B. S a l l y . They s t a r t e d w ith 167 sh a re s o f c a p i t a l s to c k - v alu e d a t 4100 per share - a t o t a l of $ 1 6 ,7 0 0 . This company would a c t i v e l y promote new b u ild in g program s.

18 8 9 : As e a r l y a s A p r i l , M r. W illia m C . D ic k in s o n was d e v e lo p in g a s to c k and p o u lt r y farm on o ld F o r t Wyman H i l l . He had b u i l t a handsome tw o -sto ry wood frame h o u s e . He r a is e d p e d ig re e d Poland Ch in a h ogs, bronze tu r k e y s , and S h e tla n d p o n ie s .

Many a R o l l a T h a n k sg iv in g day d in n e r in c lu d e d tu rk e y s from h is fa rm . N e s b it t 4t P a l­ m er, a r e a w e ll d r i l l e r s , bored down 300 fe e t and g o t w ater im pregnated w ith Epsom s a l t s , re se m b lin g th e w ater o f the "Kenkleshaw" w e ll a t 9 th and Elm s t r e e t s . . . .

George R u f f in g , m aster carp en te r and c a b in e t maker, took over the b u s in e s s w hich th u s f a r had been conducted by C a m illu s G . Woody. H is shop was on 7th s t r e e t , n ear R o l l a s t r e e t . . . Frank b a u m e iste r , w ith a s u b s t a n t ia l f o r c e , made c ig a r s fo r R o l l a . . . .

And when th e r e was need fo r a tom bstone, the firm o f L iv e s a y and W elch would f u r ­ n is h o n e . . . . And APPLES ?? D u ring 1889, 1,400 b a r r e ls were shipped from R o l l a .

They b ro u g h t from f i f t y c e n ts to one d o l l a r per b u s h e l.

1&2P-1 T h is was year which the two b r o t h e r s , Landon and S t e r l i n g Sraitn , lo n g -tim e R o lla m erch an ts, s t a r t e d t h e i r f i r s t s to r e in th e o ld W o d en M i l l b u ild ­ in g on 7 th s t r e e t between O liv e s t r e e t and the r a i l r o a d . ...T n e M isse s G r a tz m u lle r s t i l l su rp a sse d in m i l l i n e r goods and s e r v i c e . . . T .E . Love co n tin u ed l i re ry s ta b le s e r v ic e a t 9 th and P in e . . . Ch arles S tro b a c h and Garn Minium fo r some tiflM - o ld hardware near the n o rth w e st co rn er of 8th and Pine - p o s s ib ly a t tire o ld E . J . M o rris S ta n d . ...T h e two b r o t h e r s , M illa r d and Wm. H. Godwin, had, fo r some time d isp e n ­ sed general s to r e goods - but now M illa r d became more in t e r e s t e d in school® and S i f i c Z an* s o l d Z u t t o h i s b r o t h e r . . . . And A .M . H l l l e r d h av in g l o s t h is s to re uy f i r e , became b a n k ru p t, a ssig n e d what o th e r a s s e ts he had t o W esley M. Sm ith and D r . S .B . Rowe, and moved to Houston, in Texas c o u n ty .

The O ld C e n t r a l Drug S t o r e : - T h is s t o r e , a n c e sto r o f to d a y 's S c o t t Drug S t o r e , I t may have o r ig in a te d in th e o ld Je rem ia h o . t r ench , , ----- TZ~1 ~ T 'T fn r v X , a h: L r Z L Z f M e ^ e s l r o y e f o y th e g re a t f i r e o f dun* 20 1865. n M t t a o Z f a c t i s t h a t , UP to December, 1881, the sto r e b elo n p d to C o l . W .A. W h ite t ^ I n D e c e jn b o r , 1881, Htaito 8 o ld the o s i « s t o a l i e n » .D e a r b o r n »■ S c o t t to o * h is f i r s t jo b w ith th e sto r e ^ O ctober 1387. t £ as the " C e n t r a l Drug S t o r e " .

X T u ^ I by the N a tio n a l Bank o f R o l l a . ...

B r o s , and L . DuDy had th e s t o r e , b u t then so ld i t In O c to b e r , l o 8 , ^ _______t ie>Qo Uor, ^ snn snjji t o L o u is Duoy. We le a v e the to Edward M. H a r r is o n . — ~ .

- a , QPn T h is s t o r e , now the S c o t t Drug r e s t o f th e s t o r y f o r our n e x t s e c t io n , I 890- I 7 L J .

S t o r e f i s b e lie v e d to be H o l l a 's o ld e s t b u s in e s s co n cern .

8t h and P in e s tr e e s ,

cvm

9/17/69

1830's

- 29 -

, . , - ° r 1f ~ - ° - e - s->- i.38 1 -1 8 9 0 .- D u ring the p e rio d 1881-1890, th ere were s e v e r a l h o t e l s w hich served R o l l a . In "O ld Town", around 4th and Main s t r e e t s , were the P e n n s y lv a n ia and the D u n iv in h o t e l s . In "New Town;1 in the v i c i n i t y o f 8th and i n e , th e re were the G ra n t H ouse, the C r a n d a ll House, and the C h a r lo tte Kraus in?a ^ i f za rk ') h o t e l . O f th e s e , the Crandal}- House had p r e v io u s ly been the o ld a u lk n e r ^ o u s e " , conducted in the o r i g i n a l F au lk n er and G raves warehouse b u ild in g , w h ich , w ith th e Kraus h o t e l , was d e str o y e d by the g re a t f i r e o f J u l y 4, 1881. Both were r e - b u i l t , w ith b r i c k , in 1881-32. The C r a n d a ll H ouse, managed by M rs. A.M . ran d aiJL , re-op en ed on May 6, 1882, in the new b r ic k b u il d in g . In 1888, M rs. Cran­ d a l l , in p r o t e s t over the h ig h r e n t a l charged by F .C .,7 . Owen, the owner, r e s ig n e d as m anager - fo r a tim e . But by J u l y , 1890, she had re tu rn e d , w ith a f iv e - y e a r o p e r a tin g l e a s e .

The b r ic k G ra n t H ouse, the sou th 70 f e e t o f which had b e n b u i l t i n 1876, was now e n la r g e d ( I 883 ) w ith an a d d it io n m easuring 40 f e e t a lo n g Pine s t r e e t , to th e n o rth o f th e f i r s t p o r tio n b u i l t .

I t was owned and op erated by Hiram Shaw u n t i l h i s d e a th on Ja n u a r y 3, 1890, a f t e r which the fa m ily conducted i t .

The Kraus H o t e l had been r e - b u i l t o f b r ic k and was re-opened fo r b u s in e s s as o f A p r i l 20, 1882.

HEAVY INDUSTRY, 1881-1890.

The_ P r i n c i p a l Heavy L d u s t r ie _s_o f 1881-1890 in clu d e d the R o lla F lo u r M i l l s , the Beddoe F lo u r M i l l , the G e r r is h n Shop, the S tro b a ch Wagon Works, the F r a iz e r Wagon F a c t o r y , the R o lla P ressed B r ic k Y ard , C h a m b e rla in 's P la n in g M i l l , and the R o l l a Cream ery and Cheese F a c t o r y . To th ese we add the Case B ro th e rs N u rsery, the Lang and W ilso n C ig a r F a c t o r y , and John D . M e r ic le 's c a b in e t sh o p . These b r i e f n o te s f o r e a c h : The R o lla F lo u r M i l l s . - In 1881, the M i l l ' s e le v a t o r was e n la r g e d to tw ice i t s form er s i z e .

The f l o o r dim ensions were _______ by ________ f e e t , and the f i n a l h e ig h t some ________ f e e t .

The m i l l underwent fre q u e n t r e p a ir s , changes in steam power p la n t , or i n s t a l l a t i o n o f new ly developed m i l l i n g m ach in es. In l, 1882, the owners i n s t a l l e d a new C o r l i s s d e s ig n " V ic t o r " e n g in e , w ith c y lin d e r dim ensions o f 20x36 in c h e s .

The news e d it o r s a id t h a t t h is en gine "was a b e a u ty " . With th e new im­ p rovem en ts, the M i l l was g r in d in g out 800 b a r r e ls P f _ f lc u r _ p e r _ d a y 1 The m i l l con­ tin u e d s t e a d i l y up to Feb ru ary of 1889, when i t stopped lo n g enough to i n s t a l l " the m ost modern flo u r -m a k in g m a c h in e ry ". M r. F . J . F a l t u s , who had succeeded H enry S .e l e as head m i l l e r , r e t ir e d in March, 1839- In Septem ber, 1889, the M i l l a d v e r t is e d i t s need fo r r y e , i n order to make rye f l o u r . And in Septem ber, 1890, i t ship p ed te n c a r lo a d s _ o f f lo u r t o T exas.

The B e d d o e _ M ill.- This con tin u ed t o operate as a custom m i l l , a s b e fo r e ,, up fe© O cto b e r of 1837, when i t was e n la rg e d and a new b o i l e r and en gin e were i n s t a l le d The G e r r is h Wagon S h o p .- In th e 1865-1880 s e c t io n o f our s t o r y , we record ed th e m isfortu n e" which b e f e l l M r. and M rs. D a n ie l G e r r is h when d u rin g the p an ic o f 1873 th e y d e fa u lt e d on in t e r e s t payments and th ere b y l o s t t h e ir wagon sh op. For a s h o r t tim e , t h e ir son a l o e r t t r i e d f c a r r y on th e b u s in e s s on a g r e a t ly reduced s c a le - f i n a l l y o p e r a tin g o n ly a b la c k s m ith shop in a n o th e r l o c a t i o n , on 10th stre e t. o ld wagon f a c t o r y b la c k sm ith shop, on west sid e o f R o l l a s S e e t S a y b e k e e n 7th J 8th s t r e e t , had r o t t e d away and f a l l e n down. i S i n A p r i l 1881 P r o f . R ob ert W. D ou th at had purchased the o ld hub and spoce and i n p r i i , » _ ± i t f or h is stu d e n t b o a rd in g house c a lle d p o r t io n o f th e - Q^r r i s h in t e r e s t s in the o ld p la n t ceased when the son, A lb e r t ,

s r s r a r * ' t h / p ^ S / & £ £ * { * S r S ? h - h , and le a s e , had le a s e d the o ld O e r r is h f a c t o r y b u ild in g and p r e m ise s, now owned by Edmund „ . b is h o p .

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9/ 17/69

1880's

- 30 -

, _ The S tro b a c^ h J/ a g o n JY o rk a .- Ferdinand S t r o b a c h 's wagon f a c t o r y was s t i l l o p e r a tin g as th e year 1881 opened, and he was s e l l i n g h is " S t a r O f The W est" w agons. v r ! t0 C° mpete w i£h ° th e r m lSB8* s h i - ^ d in from the e a s t , he had to t o n u ll f S S a -S Pr i c e fr o n '*>8° to ^ 65 . And, to supplem ent h is b u s in e s s , he arranged ■ Lmp} era®n !l s , of 311 k in d s , in c lu d in g those made by the " O liv e r " co n cern . r? n5 , !?as 1111 f a i l l r »g h e a lt h , and th e r e fo r e so ld the workd to M e s s r s . Anton J ®4 George B a d d e rs. They kept the p la n t o p e r a tin g u n t i l M arch, 1889, when -u s Shande le a s e d th e w orks. I n A u g u st, 1889, G r e io e l jo in e d w ith Shande. They c o n tin u e d m aking o t a r o f the V e st" wagons, Dut made a s p e c i a l t y o f p roducin g wagon r e p a ir p a r t s , such as w heel spokes and f e l l o e s . Thus did t h i s p la n t co n tin u e th ro u g h th e y e a rs 1881 to 1890 .

—■r a .iz e r Wasson F a c t o r y .- As e a r l y as J u l y , 1881, the th re e F r a iz e r b r o tn e r s ; M o r r is , noah, and J e s s e , had a wagon f a c t o r y some fo u r m ile s west o f R o l l a , in the D o o l i t t l e a re a of 19o9. In th a t y e a r , H o l l a 's hardware m erchant, E . J . M o r ris , was aeT lin g F r a iz e r w agons. Then, in December of 1882, th e F r a iz e r s le a s e d the o ld - je r r is h f a c t o r y and p re m ise s, then owned by E.'.V. B ish o ; , and proceeded to make F r a iz e r wagons and do a s s o c ia t e d b la c k s m it h in g . For a tim e , t h e i r b u s in e s s p ro sp e r­ ed g r e a t l y , i n O cto b er o f 1883, th ey made and so ld ten w agons. Up t o 1884, th e y were g o in g s t r o n g . But b u s in e s s f i n a l l y tap ered o f f , m ortgages and n o tes became due and c o u ld n o t be p a id . By ______________________________ , u o r : i s F r a iz e r , the f i n a l owner, was fo r c e d in t o b a n k r u p tc y . And th a t was the end of the F r a iz e r wagon f a c t p r y .

The R o lla B r ic k -• k in g I n d u s t r y .- n J u l y , 1881, b e lie v in g th a t the l o c a l b u ild in g program would make a b ric k -m a k in g b u s in e s s p r o f i t a b l e , D r . Samuel 1 . Rowe and b an ker D a v id M alcolm o rg a n iz e d the R o lla F resseu B r ic k G o ., and proceeded to make b r i c k . T h e ir p la n t was on the f l a t a re a w est o f the A lb e r t Neuman h ou se, to th e n o rth w e st o f R o lla Cem etery, and a d ja c e n t to to d a y 's Highway 72 near i t s ju n c t io n w ith W alnut s t r e e t .

They employed a fo r c e of some tw enty workmen. By A u g u st, 1831, m ach in es and sheds were in p la c e , and the p la n t was p rod u cin g 1,000 b r ic k per h o u r.

B u t b y Septem b er, 1882, the demand fo r t h e i r b r ic k was so sm a ll th a t th e y c lo s e d and so ld th e p l a n t . R obert McCaw bought i t a l l f o r $25>J. T o b ia s H eim b erger, u s in g l e s s e la b o r a te m ach in ery, had fo r some time operated a b r ic k p la n t n ear th e south end of P in e s t r e e t . He had made the b r ic k fo r the c o u n ty co u rt h o u se, the C e n t r a l S c h o o l, ana o th er b u ild in g s . In 1885, he had a s to c k of 110,000 b r ic k on h a rd . H is b r ic k was used fo r the w a lls of th e G ran t H o t e l, the C r a n d a ll and Kraus h o t e ls r e - b u i l t in 1882, and many o th e r R0l l a b u ild in g s . He had iiB.de th e f i r s t n a tiv e b r ic k e v e r made in R o l l a .

C h a m b e rla in 's P la n in g M i l l . - D a n ie l Cham berlain was one of those p io n ee r R o l l a T o w n b u ild e rs. He served as cou nty s c h o o l com m issioner d u rin g the 1 8 6 0 's, and d u r in g th e C i v i l War was the tow n's c h i e f p h o to g ra p h e r._ H is home and photo g a l l e r y were in th e a l l - s t o n e r e s id e n c e which he b u i l t - and wnich s t i l l stan d s - a t the s o u th e a s t co rn e r of 6th and O liv e s t r e e t s . The b u ild in g in 1969 i s some 104 y ea rs o ld D u rin g th e 1 8 8 0 's , perhaps b e fo r e , Cham berlain had a p la n in g m ill,som ew here n e ar 4 t h and Elm s t r e e t s , in which he su r fa c e d and s ; zed n a tiv e p in e and hardwood such th in g s a s „ in d OT fra m es, m ou ld in g, and turned p o s ts and t a l u s te rs.

The p la n t was s t i l l i n o p e r a tio n as oi dune, 1890 .

The R o l l a Cream ery and Cheese F a c t o r ^ .- P a r t ly t o u t i l i z e the d a ir y p ro d u cts # ..

7 “ _ f 7 r^fi^ _ - _ D a r tly to su p p ly R o lla consum ers, a group o f so/re seven o f th e o l l a a formed a n o th e r* o f those s to ck companies to b u ild and Z r X a 'c r e a m e r y * a n d 'c h e e s ™ !a c t o r y .

They c o n s tru c te d a fa c t o r y b u ild in g m easuring 30 x 52 f e e t in d im e n sio n s, w ith an ic e room, a cheese - ° om> L d rooms fo r e n gin e and c o ld BedF r a n z , W illiam Shinneman osep 553 pounds Gf Ittii k d a i l y , and ex p ected soon ? o ^ r o c e s t P2^060 pounds p L d a y .

The f a c t o r y d id n o t prove to be much o f a s u c c e s s ,

how ever, and d u r in g the n e x t decade c lo s e d down.

CVM /

9/18/69

1880's

- 31 -

lfcS^ T - a- eT- B- ° - h- r- f e s e r z . - In F e b ru a ry , 1885, the two Case b r o th e r s , A lfr e d r *’ Pu r chased the o ld John Webber farm j u s t west o f R o lla - to d a y 's h„ , n L ° \ MlS e ^ S ° i f f l T e ld " ^ Procee(ied to b u ild up a f i e l d n u r s e r y . They ad come to R o l l a from L ebanon. On t h is t r a c t th e y p la n te d and r a is e d v a r io u s Sd p ears^ h ^ h ^ ^ ^ S e t ° U t a f a i r l * l a r Se orch ard o f peaches f a i m a v " f n l c n rem ained on th e grounds u n t i l removed, sometime a f t e r 1920, to make 7 i r W s ^ f o r g o l f gam es. They a ls o so ld thousands o f f r u i t tr e e s l i p s , used fo r ree g r a f t i n g . T h e ir b r ic k r e s id e n c e stood w here, i n l a t e r y e a r s , th e S ta te b u i l t e trachom a h o s p i t a l - the b u ild in g in 1969 used f o r t r a in in g o f S t a t e highway p a tro lm e n .

These Case boys had a s i s t e r named "L o u ". One o f th e boys m arried th e fo rm er Je n n ie W alk er, d a u ^ it e r o f C h a rle s P . W alker, form er e d it o r o f the o lla E x p r e s s . Je n n ie - th e l a t e r M rs. Case - was prom inent in M e th o d ist church c i r c l e s and a f f a i r s .

Thf. W ilson_A nd_Lan& C ig a r S h o p .- Throughout the 1 8 7 0 's and 1880*s , .Holla c ig a r m aking was an in d u s tr y of im p o rta n ce . Frank B au m eister was one o f the e a r ly m a n u ia c tu r e r s , In 1882, S i g Lang and W ilso n had such a f a c t o r y which o ccupied th e e n t ir e f i r s t f l o o r o f th e b u ild in g ( l a t e r to rn down ) which e x is t e d a t the southw est co rn e r o f 8th and Pine s t r e e t s , to d a y 's S c o t t Drug S t o r e 's l o c a t i o n . T h e ir p a y r o ll amounted to $200 per week - w ith wages f a r below those o f 19 8 ?. . . In l a t e r y e a r s , Edw. Koch co n tin u ed such a b u s in e s s .

The. I f e r i c l e £abine_t S h o p .- C a m illu s 0 . Woody had been the o u ts ta n d in g R o lla c a b in e t m aker. In 1881, John D . M e r ic le s e t up such a sh o p , making the tow n's e x t r a f i n e c a b in e t s and fu r n it u r e - and c o f f i n s .

O th er H eavy I n d u s t r y .- There were y e t o th e r heavy in d u s t r ie s in R o lla d u rin g the 1 8 8 0 's .

The q u a rry in g o f b u ild in g sto n e was one su c h . In a p reced in g s e c t io n o f our R o lla s to r y (1865-1880) we covered th is f i e l d f o r those years . S to c k r a i s in g and s h ip p in g c o n tin u e d . The m in in g and sm e ltin g o f ir o n co n tin u ed fo r a time in the Newburg a r e a , and a t K n o tw ell F u rn a ce . W illia m James tap ered o f f h is iro n min­ in g a c t i v i t y a t th e B eaver m in e. He p r e s e n t ly engaged in s i l v e r m ining a t the famed C a rib o u M in e, in B o u ld er c o u n ty , C o lo rad o , tw enty m ile s w est of B oulder c i t y . And in 1883, th e town o f Newburg was fou n d ed . These b r i e f n o te s : The_K notw e]l F u rn ace: The W illia m James e n t e r p r is e , the "Ozark F u rn a c e ", two m ile s below T w est of T Newburg, had f a i l e d in ln'75* In O c to b e r, 1882, M r. H. R. K n o tw e ll, o f P i t t s b u r g , P e n n s y lv a n ia , came t o in s p e c t the o ld Ozark p la n t , w ith a view o f r e —opening i t .

R e p a irs would c o s t some •#30,000. He d ecid ed t o do i t , and had th e name changed from "O zark" to " K n o tw e ll" . He h ir e d Judge A lexan der Demuth, o f R o l l a , to o p erate the b ig company s t o r e , which opened a g a in on November 23, 1882.

T h o s. D . S m ith , cou n ty s u rv e y o r, was engaged t o produce the n e ce ssa ry c h a r c o a l.

The F r i s c o r a i lr o a d h elp ed to in c o rp o r a te and su rv ey the Town of Newburg ( f i r s t c a l l e d "STANFORD" ) and b u i l t i t s roundhouse t h e r e . M r. K n o tw ell was one of the to w n 's in c o r p o r a t o r s .

In J u l y , 1883, the K n o tw ell Ir o n C o . e .e c t e d a new s e t of o f f i c e r s . H .R . K n o tw ell was p r e s id e n t , C h a r le s i.a g e l s e c r e t a r y , R . H ecksher t r e a s Ur r f ’ae K n o tw ell venture was a f a i l u r e . By Marcn o f 1884 the Knocw ell p o st o f f i c e was c lo s e d the v i l l a g e sc h o o l ended. 3y J u l y 11, 1885, the p ro p e rty had been so ld t h r OUJZh 3f ore c lo s u r e p r o c e e d in g s . Soon a f t e r , the v i l l a g e , w ith i t s f lo u r is h i n g s c h o o l and ch u rc h , « a s v a c a te d by i t s 100 in h a b it a n t s . The C e n » te ry . t i U e r .l s t s .

The Jam es I n t e r e s t s M in e _ S ilv e r I n _ C o lo r a d o .- In d is t a n t C o lo rad o on the v e r y c r e s t o f “ t h e " C o n tin e n ta l Rocky M ountain Range, tw enty m ile s west o f B o u ld e r, r j L b l i S p ro sp e cto r knocked c h ip o f ro ck ou tcro p - which to nun seemea On exam ining i t , he found i t to be o f p r a c t i c a l l y the same kind o f d iffe _ n t.

2 Nevada"Com stock" mine so fam ous. Soon a f t e r , n o c L d Z o V h e a r e i / a n d seen had — t l . p la c e "Ca^p C a r i h ^ .

Thpy soon had a netw ork o f s i l v e r mines opened.

CVM

9/13/69

1880’ s

- 32 -

W illia m Jam es became in t e r e s t e d . He had been an in tim a te fr ie n d o f George H e a r s t , who was a m ining e x p e r t f o r h is tim e s , and who had been made w ea lth y by h is Com stock and o th e r m in e s. M r. Jam es employed a S c h o o l o f M ines grad u ate - W illia m S n e ls o n - and se n t him to C a rib o u to su rv e y and e n g in e e r one o f th e m ines t h e r e .

S n e ls o n r e s ig n e d h is o f f i c e a s co u n ty su rv e y o r, and took h is fa m ily to l i v e a t B o u ld e r .

They so sp en t th e years 1387-1890, and a f t e r - u n t i l the mine and the camp were c lo s e d down by the sa g g in g p r ic e of s i l v e r . M r. James then so ld out and l e f t the a r e a .

The. Q u a r ry in g o f _ R o c k .- D u rin g the 1880’ s , q u a n t it ie s o f gg£$nb u ild in g stone were q u a r r ie d in m ines c lo s e to R o l l a . The J e f f e r s o n C i t y fo n n / c a lle d "d o lo m ite " was w e ll s u it e d f o r heavy m asonry - was d u ra b le from sta n d p o in t o f w e a th e rin g , was e a s i l y m ined, w orked, and was p l e n t i f u l . In May, 1887, M r. M. Huber, working quar­ r i e s a lo n g s id e the F r is c o r a ilr o a d in S e c t io n s 10 and 16 ( T .3 7 -8 ) , shipped 25 c a r ­ lo a d s o f t h i s sto n e to S t . L o u is , where i t was used in the p ie r s o f the Grand Ave­ nue b r id g e . O th e r shipm ents were made to A rkansas and Oklahom a, fo r n u ild in g F r is c o r a i l r o a d b r id g e p i e r s .

From o th er q u a r r ie s , r ic h in lim e , Mr. A lexan d er See took stone w hich he burned i n t o q u ic k lim e . From J u l y o f 1831 to Ja n u a ry o f 1332, he thus produced 1 ,8 0 0 b a r r e ls o f lim e . I t was used both l o c a l l y , and was shipped t o o th e r M is s o u ri p o in ts .

And thus we ta k e le a v e o f "h eav y in d u s tr y " fo r th e y e a rs 1881-1890.

F a m M a ch in ery O f The F e rio d ^ 1_881-1390.- Buckeye r e a p e r s , which had been b e s t s e l l e r s i n 1884, gave way to the McCormicks in 1887. Two c a r lo a d s o f "McCorm­ ic k s " t h a t y e a r s o M l i k e h ot c a k e s . And in 1889, the o ld wood framed g r a in b in d e r, h eav y and hard on the h o rse s p u llin g i t , gave way to the l i g h t e r s t e e l fram ed d e s ig n s .

I n A p r i l , 1890, Jam es L . D y er, in R o lla , was a gen t fo r the Jo h n D eerin g model and other D e e rin g im plem en ts, w hile W. A . V ia , in c o m p e titio n , s o ld the s t e e l "M cCorm icks".

Hay p r e s s e s were ju s t b e g in n in g t o a r r iv e in R o l l a .

B i i i o p , in 1883, bought the f i r s t one b r o u ^ it t o 'R o l l n . From 1832. on, Stu d eb ak er wagons from the e a s t began t o ta k e the p la c e o f R o l l a 's " G e r r is h " and " S t a r o f the //est". L iv e s a y v./Q T.mno

a r\l H

4 Triumph . .

f.hp

makes.

and 3 Champion . . .

a

AN EARLY ROLLA BOARD OF TRADE

CVM

9/18/69

1380',

- 33 °X ^a rc '1

14

the C o n sH ■ ‘- T f

1884 - and in a l a t e r one h e ld on Monday

»

^ ca Mt e jT. ^ sa 'S , “ 7t " al, w “ la h °pa n vd ic -a “ t eleoted- * - * < * * . u e p r e s id e n t , D r . C .H . S t o r t s the s e c r e t a r y , -

S 5 r „ „ e U cte S ' " tr 9 a S U r e r - In ^ i t i o n D avid W. M alcolm A lb e r t S . Long W illia m H e l l e r , S r , J . P . Maxey A ,M . M illa r d Jo h n M ansbridge

A p r il

to t h e s e , th e f o llO T in g a : R obert A , Love D . E . Dowd

A Iff U4 r i S! ! ! r i t ! £ e ? n f in an ce c o n s is te d o f M e ssrs. A .S . L o n g , Robert A . L o v e , and W e ste rn ^ n n i ^ Ap^ LJ Def t i n g ™as q u ite concerned over the p o s s i b i l i t y th a t the ■Western C o n se rv a to ry oi M usic m igh t be l o s t to R o lla - because o f the q u a r r e l a t ° f L ln e s over a d v e rtise m e n t of th e C o n serv ato ry as an in t e g r a l p a r t o f fh e S c h o o l, Thus was formed perhaps th e v e ry f i r s t "chamber of can n erce" R o lla e v e r h ad . However , the many " s to c k com panies" used to lau nch new e n t e r p r is e s in p r io r y ea rs se rve d th e same p u rp o se .

BUILDING BLOCKS AND STORES ERECTED 1881- 1890 .

D_own—town B u s ir e s s _ B u ild in g s _ E r e c te jd ^ 1380—1 8 ^ 0 .- Some ten im p o rtan t b u sin e ss b lo c k s were e r e c te d d u rin g the p erio d 1831-1390. In c lu d e d were t h e s e : The C r a n d a ll B r ic k H o te l R o b t. McCaw's B r ic k , S . sid e 8 th The Kraus B r ic k H o te l The Rowe Drug B u ild in g The N orth S e c t io n of the G ra n t H o te l The A .S . Long B u ild in g , N .E . C o r. 8 th & fSi The F r is c o b r ic k Depot Pin e s t r e e t s .

The Luman F . P a rk er Law b u ild in g The M alcblm b lo c k , e a s t o f L o n g 's The H e lle r C lo t h in g S to r e The P o st O ffic e -b a n k B u ild in g The lo c a t io n s and d e s c r ip t io n s c f th ese b u ild in g s may serve some u s e f u l purpose i n th e f u t u r e . We begun with . . .

The_ £ r a n d a lL _ H £ t £ l.- P r io r to the g r e a t f i r e of J u l y 4, 1381, which d e stro y e d i t and m ost c f th e b u ild in g s on 8 th s t r e e t from Pine s t r e e t to th e F r is c o r a i lr o a d , t h i s b u ild in g had been a wood frame warehouse b u i l t and used by the fir m of F au lk n er and G r a v e s , d u r in g the C i v i l W ar. I t had, up to the date o f th e f i r e , been c o n v e rt­ ed in t o a h o t e l , c a lle d th e "F a u lk n e r H ouse", and managed by M rs. A .M . C r a n d a ll, whose name the p la c e f i n a l l y to o k . The lo c a t io n was a t the Immediate west s id e o f the F r i s c o t r a c k s , on th e F r i s c o 's town s t a t i o n t r a c t , a t the n o rth sid e of 8th s t r e e t . Had County A d d itio n b lo c k 56 been f u l ] 1 out ( which i t was not ) , the s i t e w o uld have been d e s c r ib e d as l o t s 5 and 6 . B efo re th e f i r e , the b u ild in g had i t s s id e s p a r a l l e l and p e r p e n d ic u la r to th e F r is c o t r a c k s , which caused i t to e x te n d ou t i n t o 8 th s t r e e t .

A f t e r the f i r e , an agreem ent was made between th e c i t y and the new ownersF .C .W . Owens, Andrew and W illia m B ranson, whereby the p o r tio n c f the l o t e x te n d in g i n t o 8 th s t r e e t was ceded to the c i t y , and the owners compensated by e x te n d in g the n o r th end o f t h e ir l o t to the n o r th , p a r a l l e l to th e F r is c o t r a c k s . This r e s u lte d i n a l o t whose south s id e was a t an a n g le w ith the r a i lr o a d , but i t s n o rth end square w ith the t r a c k s .

The new dim ensions were t h e s e : Along 8 th s t r e e t , 46 f e e t .

The e a s t s id e c f l o t , 82 f e e t . West s id e , 106 f e e t . And w id th , square w ith t r a c k s , The new b r ic k b u ild in g had co rresp o n d in g d im en sio n s. W ith basem ent, i t had fo u r s t o r i e s - f i r s t , seco n d, and t h i r d f l o o r s , w ith basem ent. The b r ic k w a lls were trimmed w ith b lu is h -w h ite lim e s to n e , a ls o used fo r l i n t e l s . . _ . trimmed ! two wash rooms, two "sample ro a n s" fo r d is p la y o f „ oods t o o u A t i a by " a te s H e n , rooms fo r b i l l i a r d s , s a lo o n , b arb e r shop, .d ry and ^ On th e f i r ,s t f l o o r were rooms fo r o f f i c e , h ou sek eep er, s e r v a n ts , k i t c h room . . . Un tn e ir iX t-S fla n k e d b y two o th e r W tu b e s p ro v id e d com m unication I t opened fo r b u s in e s s , manage

On t h e t h ir d f l o o r were s ix te e n bed room s, a p e ax in g ^ b u ild in g ^ COsfc § 1 7 ,0 0 0 .

C r a n d a ll on May 6, 1882. The b u ild in g was y ^ *Rinfr l o t [ n 1967 , a f t e r 85 y e a r s of s e r v ic e .

'S it s r t was a ° h i s t o r i c landm ark, h a v in g served many a sumptuous banquet and X n o t a S c i v i c and p o l i t i c a l f u n c t io n s .

CVM

9/19/69

1 8 80 's

- 34 -

ZHe Kraus £0zark). H o t e l .- T h is s t r u c t u r e , b u i l t o f b r ic k , fro n te d on the n o rth l i n e o f 8th s t r e e t , on l o t 8 , b lo c k 55, County A d d itio n . I t ab u tted the w est l i n e o f the F r is c o r a i l r o a d 's s t a t io n l o t . I t was r e - b u i l t , fo llo w in g the f i r e o f J u l y 4, 1881, was f in is h e d and rea d y fo r occupancy as of A p r i l , 1882.

The N o rth itO _Feet O f_ G r a n t _H o te l was b u i l t in I 8 8 3 . I t had a depth o f 75 f e e t w est from Pin e s t r e e t , and a b u tte d the f i r s t (1876) b r ic k s e c t io n of the h o t e l . This gave th e h o t e l a fro n ta g e o f 110 f e e t on Pine s t r e e t , 70 f e e t on 8 t h . Hiram Shaw was t h e owner, H . H. H o h e n sch ild the a r c h i t e c t . In h e ig h t , th e r e was a basement and above i t th re e s t o r y s or f l o o r s . One la r jp room on f i r s t f lo o r p rovid ed fo r o f f i c e , k it c h e n and d in in g room. Shaw 's Opera House, on second f l o o r , became the tow n's topm ost p u b lic m eetin g p la c e - used fo r S c h o o l o f M ines banquets and fu n c t io n s , and other p u b lic f u n c t io n s . The r e s t o f the b u ild in g had p r iv a t e bed rooms and a p a rtm en ts.

The b u ild in g , rem odeled on f i r s t f lo o r f o r o f f i c e s and b u s in e s s s t o r e s , and on o th e r f lo o r s fo r a p artm en ts, s t i l l s ta n d s , in 1969, a f t e r 93 years o f s e r v ic e .

The F ris£ o _B ric_k _D ep o t_1_- The o r i g i n a l (i860) depot a t R o lla had been a wood fram ed s tr u c tu r e a t th e so u th edge of 8th s t r e e t . In 1882 a new b r ic k e d i f i c e was b u i l t , j u s t t o the sou th o f 9 th s t r e e t . I t was a o n e -s to r y a f f a i r , m easuring 24 x 80 f e e t . J . V . M aggi was g e n e r a l c o n t r a c t o r . Jo h n M i t c h e l l , v e te ra n b r ic k la y e r , s ta r te d work on J u l y 18, 1882. I t was read y fo r o c cu p a tio n as o f Ja n u a ry 1 , 1883, and served u n t i l re p la c e d by the p re se n t "M issio n " s t y le depot b u i l t the 1928—29 y e a r .

I t s t i l l s ta n d s .

The Luman F .JP a r k e r Law O f f i c e _ B u i i l d i n g . - T h is was a tw o -sto ry b r ic k b u ild in g e r e c te d on a f r a c t i o n a l p a r t o f l o t 2, b lo c k 57, County a d d it io n . I t was n e x t e a s t o f th e o ld N a t io n a l Bank o f R o lla b u ild in g , and the s i t e i s now occupied by the e a s t p o r tio n o f the H o te l Edwin L o n g . I t had a fr o n ta g e of some 24 fe e o on south sid e o f 8 th s t r e e t .

The rem ain in g dim ensions are unknown. Luman F . P arker was owner, H o h e n sch ild was a r c h i t e c t , Fred Moore was c o n t r a c t o r . Work s t a r t e d in February,^ 1882, and was com pleted t h a t y e a r . F e l i x P e te r s l a i d the sto n e fo u n d a tio n . The b u ild in g was wrecked t o make way f o r th e H o te l Edwin Long in 192 The McCaw B r ic k 0 n _8 th _S tre _e t..- T h is b u ild in g , s im ila r t o the Parker b r ic k , fla n k e d t h a t b u ild in g on the e a s t . I t stood where the l a t e r R o lla H erald o u ild in g was c o n s tr u c te d , and s t i l l s ta n d s , 1969. Dim ensions a re unknown b u t i t was tw o -s to r y .

R o b ert McCaw was owner, and p ro b a b ly the b u il d e r . I t was com pleted on Ja n u a ry 7, 1386.

. , Dr Rowe's Drug S t o r e .- This is a tw o -sto ry b r ic k on the w est sid e of Pine s t r e e t M id w a y ” between- 7th"~and 8 th s t r e e t . I t s t i l l s t a n d s . D r . Sam i. B . Rowe was o w n e r/ R o b e rt McCaw th e c o n t r a c t o r . Work was begun in 1888 , and com pleted e it h e r t h a t y e a r or In e a r ly 1889- I t housed D r . Rowe's drug sto r e u n t i l he gave i t over Jo h i f s L - L - L w M illa r d . F a u lk n e r, husband of D r . Rowe's daughter N ancy. M r.F a u lk n e r conducted th e sto r e fo r some 36 y e a r s , a ft e r which h is 5 g g | ^ i n| e X g | a u ^ | g * manage conducted tn e s t f o o t b a l l c o a c h ,/ f i r s t operated th en clo se d o J ; th e ° d r u g *bu s i n e s s J * The b u ild in g was then co n v e rte d to other b u s in e s s e s . a s Lon? S to r e B u ild in g ^ 8 th and P i n e .- The p re se n t b u ild in g , occupied The A .S . L^ng. | t £ r j fo u r th “ to be~ erected on th a t s i t e , a t n o r th e a s t b y the Andrew M alcolm ' s r e s id e n c e , th ere in 1861, was d e stro y e d by co rn e r of 3th and P in e , anarew s tr u c tu r e a b r ic k sto r e b u ild in g , went up in S G o k fS

the f t -

of ^

4 , 1881.'

t h ir d n u ild in g was s i m i l a r l y d e stro y e d oy

fir e ' T „ F e b ru a ry , 1882, a l t e r from D avid Malcolm. P la n s ^ re nawn a lo J g fche e a s t lin e of P in e . An fr o n te d 70 f e e t on 8 th s t r e e t , an 7 fu r t h t fche n o r th , m aking the t o t a l a d d it io n a l o n e -s to r y - r e ^ *as ^ fr o h e r t ^ ^ ^ of 110 f e e t P in e s t r e e t fr o n ta g e 90 f e e t . lhe -Lot nc. ^ ware room. so a 20 fo o t a l l e y was l e f t a lo n g t h n ^ g la ss> A long 8 th s t r e e t , The 8 th s t r e e t f r o n t / / t h r e e p a r t s for se p a ra te sto r e rooms, From Pine e a s t t h e i r '/ e s p e c t iv e ^ f r o n t a g e s ^ o / s t h 6 str e e t* w e r e ^ f e e t , 18 f e e t , a M 21 f e e t .

_

CVM 9/19/69

1880's

- 35 -

The second f l o o r was u se d , o r i g i n a l l y , f o r o f f i c e s .

The new r e - b u i l t M alcolm b u ild in g , f r o n t in g 23 f e e t on 8th s t r e e t , and b u i l t in 1889, fla n k e d the Long sto re on i t s e a s t s i d e . T h is t h ir d b u ild in g , here d e s c r ib e d , was a g a in d e stro y e d by f i r e on D e c . 13. 1906 .

For c o n s t r u c t io n , some 250,000 b r ic k were used They were peoduced by three R o lla b r ic k makers - T ob ias Heim berger, Is a a c C o b le y , and the Brown & C la r k Co. B r ic k work was w e ll a lo n g in A u g u st. The r o o f was on by S e p t . 21, and th e b u ild in g was com p leted , read y to be o ccu pied on December 7, 1882, when s to c k s o f d ry goods were b e in g moved i n .

T h e_P ost O ffic e -B a n k B u i l d i ng Of 1 8 8 1 .- This b u ild in g , prom inent in R o lla * s communitjr l i f e , was a tw o -s to ry two compartment b r ic k m easuring 4 5 i T est a lo n g the n o rth l i n e of 8th s t r e e t , e x te n d in g 90 f e e t northw ard. I t s w a lls were from 93 to 138.5 f e e t e a s t o f P in e s t r e e t .

The form er b u ild in g s on t h i s s i t e had been d e stro y e d tw ice by f i r e - i n I 865 and 1881. I t was r e - b u i l t , as here d e s c r ib e d , d u rin g 1881, a f t e r th e f i r e o f J u l y 4 . The r o o f was on by November, and i t was read y f o r occupancy

by December 31, 1881. From t h is d ate u n t i l com p letio n of the b r ic k M alcolm b u ild in g i n 1889, one com partm ent, or h a l f , was o ccu p ied by the N a t io n a l Bank of R o l l a . The o th e r compartment housed the P o st O f f i c e . Between th ese two compartments was the s ta ir w a y leadding t o the second f l o o r , arranged for o f f i c e s . The Rolla. H erald p la n t was i n th e u p s t a ir rooms a f t e r th e 1894 f i r e on F in e from 7th to 8th d e stro ye d i t s o f f i c e over the H e lle r s t o r e . T h is b u ild in g s t i l l e x i s t s .

Ih e M alcolm B a n k _B u ild in g ..- T h is b u ild in g , a two s to r y b r ic k w ith 23 fo o t fr o n ta g e a lo n g the n o rth l i n e o f 8 th s t r e e t , l i e s between l i m i t s o f 70 and 93 f e e t e a s t from Pine s t r e e t .

The l o t exten d s 90 f e e t n o rth from 8th s t r e e t to a 20 fo o t p r iv a t e a l l e y .

The A .S . Long b u ild in g fla n k s i t on th e w e st, the o ld B an k -P o st O f f i c e b u ild in g on the e a s t . I t was the t h ir d b u ild in g e r e c te d on the s i t e , the two e a r l i e r ones h a v in g been d e stro y e d in the f i r e s of 1865 and 1881. For some re a so n , the re ^ c o n s t r u c t io n had been d e la y e d u n t i l 1889. This became known as th e "M alcolm B u ild in g 1, h a v in g been b u i l t fo r David. M alcolm , th e owner. I t was in the second o f the b u ild in g s on t i e l o t - ju s t p r io r to th e one here d e s c r ib e d , t h a t the r a t L b e r t bank^robbery o c c u rr e d , in M arch, 1881. E b e rt was sh o t and k i l l e d in th e a tte m p t. The b u ild in g s t i l l s ta n d s , as of 1969• ^ NEW RESIDENCES BUILT, 1881-1890 New R e sid e n c e s^ B u i l t In _ 1 8 8 £ .- The fo llo w in g l i s t re c o rd s new residences^ _ the t o t a l c o s t o f w hich b u i l t d u rin g the 1885 year — &nd a ls o a few o th e r b u ild in g s amounted to $4 2,525 *0 0: Garn Minium ..................................... $950 .R e p a ir s a t Court H o u se .$900 J . P . M a x e y .................. $4, ODD PT.rvf. S f .. Elm ................................ 800 M eth .Ch u rch B e l f r y ............ 300 D .W .M alcolm , 6 & Main 3000 P r o f . S t . Elm 400 E p is c o p a l V e s tr y ............... 150 J . B . Coon .....................

2500 James C o le . . . .

2000 D r .H u y e tte , o f f i c e ............150 A .R . D earborn ............... 350 J o s . L . Stew art 350 (A d d itio n ^ , R e p a irs ) S . Meyer ..............................................

R .A .L o v e , 9 th t o 1 0 th , 300 M rs.

S t i f f .......................$400 O liv e t o Cedar .. . . 1 5 0 0 G eo. E . S h a rr e r ..........................

W illia m H e lle r . . . .

300 (B u s. ne^s_6 4 p th si:,_ B l6 S s •) D r . C o l v i n ............................1300 W illia m F o rt ...............

250 M rs. Noah Fr a iz e r . . 1200 M.S7MT Chem L ab o ra to ry ..1 0 ,0 0 0 M rs. M.F.Coleman . .

175 C o n s e r v a t o r y ,P o v .F la t s . . 1,000 Thomas S c o t t .................. 1200 2, p00 R e v . J . A n n i n ............ 150 M rs. J . S . F ren ch . . . 1000 Anheuser Busch depot . . • Residences_Built_In 1887, v alu e d a t $ 9 ,1 0 0 , were t h e s e :0 t h e r r e s id e n c e s , w ith n airs,^ a irs "” rr aa is is ee d 25,000 in th aD.W t y e. aM r .alcolm , s to r e ............*2 , 500 re p u th uue t o t a l to $^nn’ “rsL b " " 1 500 A .S . Long, re s id e n c e . . .

Jo se p h Cam pbell . .

1,5 00 H. H . D av is G e o . S h a r r a r ...............l,u u u These to t_a l $9*100

1,0 00 ( 9th & Park) 600

CVM 9/20/69

1880‘ s

- 36 -

A d d i^ io n a l_R e s id e n t Cons true t io n ^ By_Ye_arSj_ 1 8 8 0 -1 8 9 0 .- The fo llo w in g l i s t in c lu d e s a number of r e s id e n c e s of some consequence, or o f h i s t o r i c a l i n t e r e s t .

1880.

- The E .M . C la r k - E l i j a h P e rry r e s id e n c e , n o rth a cro ss 3rd s t r e e t from the Court H ouse. C la r k d e fa lc a t e d w ith s c h o o l fu n d s, P e rry bought i t in 1880.

1881. - The C .L . F l i n t house, e a s t s id e of Salem Avenue, in northw est corn er o f R a ilr o a d L o t No. 54, a s h o rt d is ta n c e on the tow nside o f Woodland aven u e. In 1881, Ju d g e C h a s. C . B lan d purchased i t fo r $ 3 ,0 0 0 . I n l a t e r y e a r s , David Donnan bought the p r e m is e s . W hile he had i t , a f i r e d e stro y e d the top p o r t io n . The low er s to r y was r e p a ir e d and r e - r o o fe d , and s t i l l s ta n d s .

1882: In t h i s y e a r , R obert A . Love had a house b u i l t fo r a wedding p re se n t f o r h is daughter E l i z a E , who in A p r il m arried John S . L iv e s a y , l a t e r P h elp s county t r e a s u r e r and mayor of R o l l a . The house wqs c o n stru c te d on the southw est corner o f the "Isham B lo c k " , bounded by 7th and 8 th , O liv e and Cedar s t r e e t s . I t i s a 7-room wood framed s t r u c t u r e , s t i l l s ta n d in g . The c o s t was $ 3 ,6 0 0 . Robert McCaw was th e c o n t r a c t o r .

1882.

- The tw o -s to r y b r ic k r e s id e n c e of Jo se p h C a m p b e ll,S r .. On the " M illa r d B lo c k " , bounded b y O liv e and Cedar, 8 th and 9 th s t r e e t s . In 1969, the s i t e o f the B a p t is t e d u c a t io n a l com plex. C o n s tr u c t io n , by Robert McCaw, s t a r t e d in Ju n e , 1382.

House com pleted b y May, 1883. Dim ensions are shown on a su rvey p la t ( S u r . C-147) made b y C .V .M an n , co u n ty su rv e y o r, i n M arch, 1954, j u s t b e fo re the house was to rn down to make way f o r th e B a p t is t e d u c a tio n a l b u il d in g .

1882.

- The " S e e le " two s to r y wood frame house a t southw est co rn er of 8th and O liv e s t r e e t s . Begun about M arch, 1882. D uring the 1920! s and 1 9 3 0 's , i t served as the parsonage f o r th e P r e s b y te r ia n p a s t o r s . H .H .H o h e n sc h ild , b ro th e r o f M rs.

S e e le , was a r c h i t e c t . In 1969, the house i s gone and the prem ises are used f o r a c i t y p a rk in g l o t .

1883.

- 'The R o b ert McCaw b u ild in g , southw est corn er of 7th and O liv e , was b u i l t in th is j e a r by Robert McCaw, as h is r e s id e n c e .

1883. - The H . Bascom Brown r e s id e n c e , a t corn er of 10th and Main ( S .E . C o r .? ) l a t e r the home of L .H . B re u er, was now occu pied by D r . L . A . ,‘J i ls o n , capable R o lla p b y s ic ia n - s u r g e o n .

1885.

- The C h as. S tr o b a c h , J r . , re s id e n c e , a t n o r th e a s t co rn e r of 9 th and Main was b u i l t i n 1885 a t a c o s t of $ 1 ,5 0 0 . I t was a tw o -sto ry wood frame b u il d in g . I t s t i l l s ta n d s , in 1969. .

1886.

- The James H . S c o t t tw o -s to ry wood frame hou se, a t immediate so u th e a st co rn er o f 1 2 th and Main s t r e e t s . S t a r t e d in -M a rch , 1386, i t was com pleted in A u gu st, 1886. I t was wrecked d u rin g A u p s t , 1969 to make way f o r the new S c h o o l o f Mines community c e n te r and stu d e n t u n io n .

1 8 8 5 .- The M o rris F r a iz e r r e s id e n c e , a two s to r y wood frame house on L o t 4,^ B lo ck 53 "County a d d it io n - a t immediate so u th e a s t corner of 19th and R o lla s t r e e t s .

In the 1 9 3 0 's , th e home of Mr. & M rs. Fred W. S m ith . P u rp o se ly wrecked and d estro yed b y f i r e d u rin g 1967# by p e rm issio n of the c i t y . „ R ,, 1887.

- The N o e l K in n ey r e s id e n c e , on northw est co rn er o f B lo ck ,4 y /T la M i l l a d d it io n - the b lo c k bounded by 7th and 8 th , O liv e and Cedar s t r e e t s . B u i l t by owner R o b ert A . Love as wedding p r e se n t fo r his d a u g h te r, N e lli e L ove, and husband N o e l K in n e y . A 7-room wood frame b u ild in g , two s t o r y , c o s tin g $ 2 ,0 0 0 . C o n tra c to r •mac* R o b ert McCaw* S t i l l s ts n d s . 19S? « 1 8 8 9 .- R esid en ce o f the l a t e Cora A l l e n . A two s to r y wood frame b u ild in g , ^ b u i l t fo r owner M .H . W a lk e r, in 1889- R eplaced an o ld C i v i l War lo g h o u se. bu ilt ^ lo r _own r ^ ^ u se£ by G e r a ld Duncan fo r o f f i c e s of the N orth Am erican i m p o r t Company.

5 th s t K t j u n c t i o n .

r e s id e n c e , south s id e of Salem A ve. j u s t e a s t of the A tw o -sto ry wood frame b u ild in g , l a t e r owned by J . E l l r s W a lk e r.

B u l l t l 890 ^ -°T te ^ w )c .SD ic k in s o / r e s id e n c e , on F o r t Wyman H i l l , ju s t n o rth of the old f o r t s i t e ^ ’ A tw o -s to r y wood frame house, Queen Anne s t y l e . Begun in D e c e m b e r,lo o j, c ample te d *i n 1390. D ic k in s o n r a is e d S h e tla n d p o n ie s , ped igreed hogs and c a t t l e .

1 ^ 9 3 0 ’ s , house was owned b y th e H a g g i f a m ily . D estroyed by f i r e .

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ROLLA’ S PROFESSIONAL MEN, 1881-1890

ft

Su rgeo n s^ O c u lis t s ^ D e n t is t s who p r a c t ic e d in R o lla d urin g the I S S G - i S 90 p e r io d were th e s e : P h y s ic ia n s -----D o c to rs John D . C a rp e n te r. . . Thomas mf ®r s °^ ones ••• John o a lt e r -Nr o s t . . . J .M . S in g le t o n . . . and A lexan der B . Shaw. wh® — xys—s we£ e D o cto rs E . A . B o lle s and John L . S h o r t .

The D e n tis ts were e .* ^ l l d H* I * War^- Most of th e s e men b elonged to the R o lla D i s t r i c t M e d ic a l ^ o c ie ty , which had been in e x is t e n c e fo r some y e a r s . In May of 1884 th e y g a th e re d / n 1'o l l a * or h h e ir annual m eetin g and, w ith t h e ir w iv e s, en joyed a sumptuous banquet a t th e G ran t H o t e l.

In^Septem ber, 1888, s e v e r a l o f th e s e d o c to r s , to g e th e r w ith other p r o fe s s io n a l and c l e r i c a l men o f R o l l a , o rg a n ized and in c o rp o r a te d the "Rplla_E_yeJ _ Ear,_N_ose and T h ro a t_^ n firm § ,ry ". D r . Thos. J . Jo n es was p r e s id e n t , C .R . M illa r d v ic e p r e s id e n t, Henry W o od ^ treasu rer. D r . S h o rt was the r e s id e n t surgeon in c h a r g e . D r . R .L . Johnson was a tte n d in g su rg e o n , D r s . Johnson and S .B . Rowe a tte n d in g p h y s ic ia n s . The fo llo w ­ in g men were d i r e c t o r s : A lb e r t S . Long . . E.W . Bishop . . . John S . L iv e s a y . . . M o rris F r a iz e r . . . R e v . I . J . K . Lunbeck, W illiam H e lle r , Hiram Shaw, R e v . Sm ith , R e v . John A n n in , R obert A . L o v e, and E . Y . M i t c h e l l .

The " In fir m a r y " was lo c a t e d on 8th s t r e e t , where "K en k le sh a " w ater "was c o n s t a n t ly on d r a u g h t" . We d e s c r ib e th is w ater th u s ly : Th®. H o lla A rtessian _M in eral_V fell. Company was o rg a n ized in 1887 w ith D r. A .B .S h aw , o f S t . L o u is as p r e s id e n t , W .J . Klene as s e c r e t a r y , and J.W . Kennet as su p e rin te n ­ d e n t, a t R o l l a . D u rin g C i v i l War d a y s, a w e ll d r i l l e d a t 9th and Elm s t r e e t s s tr u c k a fo rm a tio n im pregnated w ith sodium magnesium s u lp h a te ( Epsom s a l t s ) "which had a v e r y p u r g a tiv e e f f e c t on the s o l d i e r s " .

These th ree men, upon t h e i r d is c o v e r y o f the e x is t e n c e o f the w e ll, and i t s p r o p e r t ie s , r e - d r i l l e d i t to a depth o f 143 fe e t.

They then promoted s a le s o f th e w a te r, c a l l i n g i t "K en k lesh a W a te r". They had in c o rp o r a te d w ith $25,000 w orth of s to c k , and planned to e s t a b l i s h a h o s p it a l w hich would u t i l i z e th e m e d ic a l p r o p e r t ie s o f the w a te r, and be so ld a t a p r o f i t .

I t i s p o s s ib le t h a t the fo r e g o in g E y e , E a r , Nose and Throat h o s p it a l served such a p u rp o se . A t any r a t e , i t had the K enklesha W ater on c o n sta n t d ra u g h t. In 1888 b o th con cern s had the R o lla H e ra ld p r in t some 20,000 pam phlets, c o n ta in in g more th an a dozen pages e x t o l l i n g both th e K enklesha w a te r, and the town of R o l l a made a f i n e p la c e to l i v e - by v ir t u e o f the p resence of t h i s e x c e lle n t "m e d ica l d r i n k " . One copy o f t h i s pam phlet s t i l l e x i s t s - in our p e rso n a l f i l e s .

The A tto rn e y s, O f_l8 8 1 -1 8 2 0 were th e s e : H am ilton E . Baker . . . A rthur Corse . . .

Jam es B e rry H a rriso n . . . Claude D . Jam ison . . . W illia m C . K e l l y . . . Luman F . P a r k e r ..

G en . Ewing X . M i t c h e l l . . . R obert M eriw ether . . . E l i j a h P e rry . . . C h a rle s C . Bland . .

W illia m G . Pomeroy . . . and Wm. W allace S o u th g a te .

H a r ris o n and M i t c h e l l a r r iv e d in R o lla in 1881. H a rriso n served as p r o s e c u tin g a t t o r n e y and as S ta te s e n a t o r . E . Y . M i t c h e ll was p r o s e c u tin g a tto r n e y and a c u ra to r o f M is s o u r i U n i v e r s it y . Jam ison was R o lla mayor and a S ta te r e p r e s e n t a t iv e . P arker was R o lla school, te a c h e r in 1873, t h e r e a f t e r a law yer and f i n a l l y c h i e f c o u n se l o f the F r is c o r a i l r o a d . P e rry and Bland b o th served as c i r c u i t judge and as R o lla m ayor.

B o th served as M isso u ri U n iv e r s ity c u r a t o r s . Pomeroy served as c i r c u i t judge and R o lla m ayor. Baker was p o stm a ste r, a ls o the l a s t R o lla mayor under S ta te ch a rte r a d m in is t r a t io n . M eriw eth er and Southgate were both probate ju d g e s .

A r c h it e c tS j_ B u ild e r s ^ A r t i s a n s .- Henry H. H o h en sch ild was the le a d in g R o lla a r c h i t e c t o f the p e r io d . W .B. Tallm an was an e x p e r t d ra ftsm a n . He made th e o r i g i n a l p l a t s o f R o l l a , and va r io u s la n d s a le and other maps fo r 1h e lp s co u n ty , a lo n g w ith many s u b d iv is io n a l p l a t s . H o h en sch ild designed, many R o lla h o u ses, a lo n g w ith the 188? r e b u i l t C r a n d a ll and Kraus h o t e l s . R o b ert McCaw was th e p r in c ip a l b u ild in g c o n t r a c t o r . T ob ias Heim berger was the o u ts ta n d in g b r ic k maker and p l a s t e r e r . John M i t c h e l l was e x p e r t b r ic k mason. Thos. D . Sm ith and W illia m S n e lso n were the p r in ­ c i p a l p r iv a t e and co u n ty s u r v e y o rs . .

P h i l H ancock, a for mo r sla v e In the Hancock fa m ily of b p r in g fie ld — tliougn no t a n ” a r t i s a n , d e se rv e s m ention in t h is s t o r y . He came t o R o lla in Ju n e , 1831, and f o r many y e a rs was the t#wn’ s f a v o r i t e b a r b e r . H is shop was in th e C r a n d a ll—B a l t i ­ more H o t e l.

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38 CLUBS, CULTURE, ENTERTAINMENT D u rin g 1880’ s

d i v e r S! ° i O T o f i t e M f , - S £ - ^ \ f V- n iwJ- M ^ s ic ,_A n d _°th e r _Ite r n s d u rin g the 1830’ s were d iv e r s e , p r o f i t a b l e , e n jo y a b le . We in c lu d e a f a i r sam ple, as f o llo w s : th e 1 880 <c~ ,7 -fv T A ----- u

had h ad a

u u a i " u d U rin g m e ± o / u > s , and cont: co n tin u ed in t o

j.

Pu ■ "LW - c t e n e d xinu m narch 1389. I t then a r on oo if _L»i had a sto cR of 200 b ooks, m a d d itio n to f i l e s of v a r io u s m ag a zin es, I t was open to a l l re s p o n s ib le c i t i z e n s .

-mica. q tn n i

o-p o n o u

,

r e c o r d 's ? J S ° t h a ? n ^ X i® ?hp n a S o ^ ^ 1 r Sb x S tn d in * PwS?-i ^ f Rth D ? ranfc U m “ Rv ao^t e r p r e s id e n t . M iss Van S ly k e

.

-----

Whether or n o t e x is t e d p r e v io u s ly , the ST ? ’ 2’ & g r ° Up ° f S c h ° o1 ° f 111163 ^ u d e n t s met H o te l ^ ° r s a n ^ e d "The R o lla L i t e r a r y S o c i e t y " . " l a t e r L ie u t e n an t Governor of M isso u ri - was e le c t e d was v ic e p r e s id e n t , H . Vandeventer s e c r e t a r y , and W .H.M.

a ^ S h e r ^ ? - P m6t 113 f l r s t Pr °g I’afll ® F r id a y , March 3, 1882, -e home o f W illia m J . P i e r c e . The fo llo w in g numbers were p re se n te d : R e a d in g : "Chokers G h o s t" ............................. .. ................ M i s s L o la Shaw.

R e c i t a t i o n : "sch o o lm a ste r*s G u e sts" . . . D r . J . D . C a r p e n te r .

R e a d in g : " Oscar^W ilde * s V i s i t t o N ia g a ra " . . . . M iss A nnin.

T5 . . . . itle n e x ^ j e s t i n g was on March 17, a t th e home of the R ev. J . A . A nnin. ^ Z / ^ t i o n s were g iv e n b y W .R. Mussey and M iss S ly k e , and an e s s a y by P r o f. G eord ie ‘h it n e y . A charade ended th e program . . . . T h i s c lu b , to g e th e r with th e I r v in g s o c i e t y , was c a r r ie d on fo r numbers o f y e a r s , b oth by M .S .M . s tu d e n ts , and the younger townsmen and l a d i e s .

5/S. M *C-M *_Shakespearean_Club was a n o th e r v ig o ro u s stu d en t l i t e r a r y gro u p , x t was f i r s t o rg a n ized d u rin g the 1870’ s , under le a d e r s h ip o f P r o fe s s o r s James W. A b ert and George D . Em erson, I t con tin u ed through the 1880’ s . We have th e record o f some few m e e tin g s, t h u s : On Monday, Ja n u a r y 23, 1882, the group met a t the home o f George L . L ove, and " r e -o r g a n iz e d " f o r the year b y e l e c t i n g P r o f . Emerson as p r e s id e n t, C . N. F l i n t as v ic e p r e s id e n t , George L . Love as secre t a r y - t r e a s u r e r . The Club met on Ja n u a ry 30 a t the home of D r . Sam i. B . Rowe, and read Sh a k e sp e a re ’ s p la y , "Henry th e E ig h t h " .

0n liferch 9 , 1882, the clu b met a t the home of M r. and M rs. H o ra tio S . H erb ert ( R o lla H e ra ld e d it o r and w ife ) , w ith M iss Mary Van Wormer as h o s t e s s . The m eeting fe a tu r e d the p la y " J u l i u s C a e s a r ". A " c a s t e " composed of M rs. C .N . F l i n t , M iss Van Wormer, M iss Van S ly k e , P r o f . M illa r d Godwin, D o cto rs S .B . Rowe and J . D . C a rp e n te r, and M e s s r s . C .N . F l i n t , George L ove, and W a lte r Mussey assumed the r o le o f the v a r io u s c h a r a c t e r s in th e p la y .

A t a p rev io u s m e e tin g , on Ja n u a ry 30, 1882, the m eetin g was h eld a t the home o f C .R . M cE n tee. M iss Van S ly k e was h o s t e s s . A nother c a ste was chosen to read the p la y , "K in g Jo h n " .

Thus were b b th c u ltu r e and e n te rta in m e n t made a p a r t o f R o l l a ’ s s o c ia l l i f e .

M u s ic a l E d u c a tio n and E n terta in m e n t,. - We have a lr e a d y d e sc r ib e d th e c r e a tio n o f the W estern C o n se rv a to ry of M usic - i t s e d u c a tio n a l program , i t s c o n c e r ts , and i t s wholesome in flu e n c e in R o l l a ’ s m u sic a l w o rld . A ft e r the C onservatory l e f t R o lla , i t s alum ni ( and alum nae), c a lle d the "Euterpean S o c i e t y " , kept m usic a li v e by g iv in g p r iv a t e clu b c o n c e r ts , or p u b lic p erfo rm an ces. We have a lr e a d y d e sc rib e d one such p r iv a t e c lu b c o n c e r t . The Club was s t i l l co n d u ctin g such programs as l a t e as March 7, 1889, when i t s members met a t the home c f M r. Je rem ia h S . F ren ch , in e a s t R o l l a .

We have h e r e to fo r e e s p e c i a l l y fe a tu r e d the m u s ic a l program g iv e n by M rs. C.W .

Ja c o b s and her s i s t e r a t the B a p t is t church in June o f 1882 - the ev e n t K hich t r ig g e r e d the o r g a n iz a tio n c f the C o n se rv a to ry . in 1889, ° The C lu b , a lo n g w ith o th e r R o lla m u s ic ia n s ,/ h a d to have p ia n o s and o rg a n s.

M rs . E . M. Newman had the a g e n c ie s f o r the Ste in w ay s, Lindemans G a b le r s , F is h e r s , and those made by P e a se . C e n tu ry and R o y al organs were a v a ila b le

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1 8 8 0 's

- 39 -

- h- M is t le t o e S o c i e t y .- T h is unique c lu b had a membership o f some ten or more young l a d i e s , and an e q u a l number o f young men. I t had been o rg a n ized sone P n s:1 ° f 1887- As of May> 1887> th e “ * e r s h i p in clu d e d a t l e a s t th ese e ig h1te e n p6e rso ----- Ihe M isses___________ The M e ssrs.

Maude M i t c h e ll C l i f f o r d E . French L in d a Minium Frank de B au ern fein d "Tommie" Hedden Edward H a rriso n L i z z i e H a rriso n F . H . Carson a l l i e C a n sle r John W. S c o t t E f f i e Morgan J . Buchanan F lo r a S c o t t M r. S t a a t s J • J"one s David Cowan M iss Burlingam e W ilb e r S t i f f The S o c i e t y e v id e n t ly promoted s e v e r a l m arria g es - among tnern L in d a Minium to Edward H a r r is o n .

(

£9£T.al—M e e t in g _ P la c e £ .- In 1882, in a d d itio n t o the G rant House, the C r a n d a ll H o t e l, and Germania H a l l , there was a ls o the Cam pbell H a l l , fo rm e rly the Woolen M i l l , w h ich , b e in g v a c a te d , was f i t t e d up fo r v a r io u s p u b lic g a t h e r in g s . A haven f o r men o n ly was f i t t e d up by Dave Majkpolmin h is bank b u ild in g w here, in a s u it a b le room, he i n s t a l l e d a b i l l i a r d ta b le . In 1888, th e second f l o o r h a l l in the Gr an t House was co n v e rte d in t o an o p e ra. I t had a s ta g e 24 f e e t deep, 20 f e e t w ide, and 14 f e e t h ig h .

There were two d r e s s in g rooms, one on each s i d e . Opera c h a ir s were i n s t a l l e d . Now, known as "Shaw 's Opera H ouse", i t became a f i r s t - c l a s s m eeting p la c e f o r to p -n o tc h R o lla shows, g ra d u a tio n , ^ e x e r c is e s , and o th e r lik e program s.

1 8 8 2 _ - _ A _ S o c ia l Y e a r .- T h is y e a r , l ik e many o th e rs of th e 1880*s , w itn essed numbers of "h igh s o c ie t y " p a r t i e s . On the ev en in g o f March 30,1882, a t a South M e th o d ist p a r ty and f e s t i v a l , M rs. C h a rle s E . W ait ( nee B e a s le y ) was voted the " p r e t t i e s t la d y in R o l l a . " She was g iv e n a handsome p ie ce d q u i l t as a p r i z e .

Her husband, D ir e c t o r W a it, c a r r ie d o f f a to b a cco pouch, b e in g voted the " u g li e s t man in tow n".

On the ev e n in g of F r id a y , A p r i l 28, 1882, Air. and Mrs .Baseom Brown served a d e li c i o u s d in n e r in honor o f M iss M a ttie M cClure and M rs. J e f f r i e s , of S t .C h a r le s , Mo. The g u e s ts in c lu d e d D ir e c t o r and Airs. C h a rle s E . W a it, M rs. W a it 's s i s t e r , M iss B e a s le y , M iss K ate Shaw, and p r o fe s s o r s George Emerson and G eord ie W hitney o f the S c h o o l o f M in e s.

Iff. And on the e v e n in g of Jun e 5, 1882, M r. and M rs./Colem an e n te r ta in e d in honor o f M iss Edwarda (" E d d ie " ) R o g ers, d au gh ter o f M rs. John D . Rogers (nee F rances W il­ lia m s ) .

The g u e s ts in c lu d e d M isse s H a l l ie Seay . . L id a L e ig h ..M in n ie Craw ford . .

Dora Goodman . . W i l l i e Dubose; and the M e ssr s. Herman N. VanDevander, Frank W. G ib b , Ashnah B . S c h r a n tz , W a lte r M ussey, and M e s s r s . Booth and C u r t is A le x a n d e r. " A v e ry p le a s a n t tim e was had by a l l l " S t r a w b e r r y _ F e s t iv a ls x C h ir a c h _ F a ir s .- A l l o f the R o lla chu rch es had them d urin g th e 1 8 8 0 's .

This was a p op u lar way of r a i s i n g fu n d s f o r church b u ild in g or r e p a ir p u rp o se s, or f o r augm enting th e p a s t e r s ' s a l a r i e s .

There was a p e r f e c t ra sh o f such a f f a i r s d u rin g 1837, when s tr a w b e r rie s were r ip e n itflg .'

M a s q u e r a d e _B a lls _a n i_L e a £ Y e a r _ P a r t ie s con tin u ed in p o p u la r it y . D u ring 1883, Germ ania H a ll was a fre q u e n t m eeting p la c e . The 1884 Leap Year masquerade b a l l was held, in F eb ru ary in the new G ran t House opera h ou se. Twenty-one mature women and te n " m isse s" were th ere - to g e th e r w ith t h i r t y men. A l l came in a p p ro p ria te co s­ tum es, many o f which were on^the "com ic" s i d e . In a n o th e r p a r t y , in Ja n u a r y ,1887, fo r ty * p e r s o n s i n costum es a tte n d e d . And i n 1889, a s im ila r a f f a i r a t t r a c t e d f i f t y .

O th e r E n te r ta in m e n t o y _ rT ro u p e s _a n d _C irc u £ .- In O ctober o f 1882, the G ib le r Brothers~ "Hum pty Dumpty Troupe" a r r iv e d - and a lo n g w ith a m u s ic a l program , p resen ted th e Humpty Dumpty c h a r a c te r s in s to r y and pantom im e. In Novemner of 1887, a troupe

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1880‘ s

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staged "U n cle Tom’ s C ab in " a t the New E ra opera h o u se. The g r e a t a n t i- s a lo o n cam paign was on . . . . and d u rin g May o f 1890, two c e le b r a te d c ir c u s e s perform ed i n R o lla on May 6 th the W a lla ce & C o . Show, w ith m enagerie and b a llo o n a s c e n s io n s , and on may 20, the g r e a t S e l l s B r o s . C ir c u s . On the w hole, R o lla d id not s u f f e r from la c k o f c u l t u r a l , s o c i a l , and e n te rta in m e n t f a c i l i t i e s .

F I R E S , 1881 - 1890 ^ T-® -Gr ^ a t _ F i r e 0 f _ J u l y £ t h ,_ 1 8 8 1 .- We hare a lr e a d y d e s c r ib e d t h is g re a t f i r e , which d e stro y e d a l l b u s in e s s houses on b o th s id e s o f 8 th s t r e e t , from P in e e a s t to the r a i lr o a d - e x ce p t o n ly the b r ic k d r u g -s to r e and bank b u ild in g a t immediate so u th e a s t co rn er of 8 th and P in e .

Three S e £ a r a te _C o u r t House F i r e s . - The f i r s t o f the th ree Court House f i r e s ccurred^ on F r id a y evening,TVovem Eer "21+, 1882. I t was supposed to have s t a r te d from a c i g a r b u tt l e f t b u rn in g in a w aste b o x . I t was in the C o l l e c t o r ’ s o f f i c e . ..nen i t was d is c o v e r e d , f iv e men p u lle d th e " f i r e e n g in e " o u t. Then i t s k in g b o lt oroke, so th a t the o u t f i t became u s e le s s . What to do ? The men grabbed water b u ck ets and, c a r r y in g w ater from a n earb y w e ll, soon had th e f i r e e x t in g u is h e d . I n f i v e m inutes more, and th e r e would have been no Court House 1 j-he damage amounted t o some $200. The woodwork and p la s t e r were sco rch e d , the windows b ro k en , a h o le was burned in th e f l o o r , and the c o l l e c t o r ' s desk was d e s tr o y e d . j_he oe£_ond_Court_House_Fire_ occu rred on J u l y 19, 1888, when l ig h t n i n g s tr u c k the c u p o la , d e m o lish in g one o f i t s columns or p o s t s , s c a t t e r in g s p lin t e r s a l l over the y a r d . I n s id e , the c l e r k 's room and th e to p o f the s ta irw a y s were w recked. The damage t h i s tim e was some §100.

The_ T h ird § _ u d i_ F ir e .- T h is happened on S a tu r d a y , June 29, 1889, when l i g h t ­ n in g a g a in s tr u c k the c u p o la . The b o lt went down through the b u ild in g to th e C le r k 's o f f i c e . L u c k i l y , i t occu rred in the a fte r n o o n , when the court house s t a f f was work­ i n g . No one happened to be in the C le r k 's room at th e tim e . The damage was s l i g h t .

0ther_ F ir e s _ .- In March, 1882, the o ld l o g b u ild in g known as " C i v i l War Head­ q u a r t e r s " , on th e b lo c k im m ed ia tely n o rth of the B a p t is t chu rch ( 7 th to 8 th , O liv e to Cedar ) was d e stro y e d b y f i r e . . . I n Septem ber, 1882, two f r e i g h t t r a in s on the F r is c o r a i lr o a d met head on in a tu n n e l between V a lle y Park and S t . L o u is . The c a r s , lo a d e d w ith lum ber and q u ic k lim e , began to b u rn , and thus b lo ck ed the tu n n e l f o r two d a y s .

The damage was c o n s id e r a b le . A ls o , for th ose two d a y s, R o lla had no t r a i n s . . . In Ju n e , 1885, H o llo w a y 's h o t e l and l i v e r y s t a b le , a t V ic h y - a lo n g w ith the v i l l a g e dru g s to r e - were t o t a l l y d estro yed by f i r e . R o lla co u ld do l i t t l e to h e lp . . . . In May, 1889, f i r e broke out among boxes and straw in the basement of the H utcheson drug s t o r e , a t im m ediate southw est co rn e r of 8th and Pine s t r e e t s . F o r­ t u n a t e ly , the m erchandise was removed and th e f i r e e x tin g u is h e d b e fo re i t extended to the f l o o r s ab o ve. . . . And f i n a l l y , the Pat O 'B r ie n r e s id e n c e , on north Pine s t r e e t , was t o t a l l y d e stro y e d by f i r e i n O cto b e r, 1890.

BANK ROBBERY - SHOOTINGS 1881-1890 R o l l a 's . B a u k _R o b b e r^ _In c id e n t. - This happened in M arch, 1881. The N a tio n a l Bank of R o lla was on the north sid e c f 8th s t r e e t , in the form er p o s t - o f f i c e - bank b u ild in g , which occu pied th e l o t lo c a te d between l i m i t s of 93 and 138 f e e t e a s t from P in e s t r e e t . One Pat E b e r t, p la n n in g to rob the bank, fo r n e a r ly a month paced back and f o r t h in f r o n t o f i t , lo o k in g i n s id e . He a l s o , in some way, g ain ed a c c e s s to th e b asem ent, where the v a u lt was l o c a t e d . P r e s e n t ly he began d r i l l i n g h o le s through th e v a u l t .

W atching h is d a i l y p a c in g , p o lic e o f f i c e r s became s u s p ic io u s , and d isc o v e re d th e h o les he had Deen d r i l l i n g in the v a u l t .

Thereupon, th^r s e t a trap fo r him.

On March 23rd, an e i e jit man squad c o n s is t in g o f c i t y m arsh al Hank D e v in s, Frank D eegan, Simeon F r o s t j George M e ll, C.W . F l i n t , John M cM asters, C h a r le s T o tsch , and banker*D ave M alcolm surrounded the b u ild in g . D evins went to th e basem ent, d isc o v e re d

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arm chased E b e r t o u t, and f i r e d - wounding him . As E b e rt f l e d toward the Thompson l i v e r y s ta b le a t 9th^and R l l l a s t r e e t s , M e ll f in is h e d the jo b w ith a charge of buck s h o t . E b e rt s i d e n t i t y was d is c o v e r e d when l e t t e r s were fo u n d ,in h is p o c k e t, w r itte n b y hxs w i f e , ’ The B oh ann onJfu rd er Ca s e _-_A n d _H a n g in g .- We have a lr e a d y d e sc r ib e d t h i s e v e n t.

Un. August 15, 1881, George Bohannon had shot and k i l l e d ’W illia m L i g h t . A ft e r b e in g t r ie d tw ic e , Bohannon was hangsd on A p r i l 21, 1882.

The_ Judge_Bowman M u rd er_0f A lfr e d _ H a y e s . - We hare elsew here d e sc rib e d t h is in c i d e n t . Judge Jo h n R . Bowman and A lfr e d H ayes, b o th of S t . Jam es, had q u a rre le d in a s a lo o n . H ayes, d e e p ly an gered , vowed t h a t he would k i l l Bowman, a member of the P h e lp s C o u n ty ^ C o u rt. The n e xt day, se e in g Haje s p a c in g b ack and fo r t h in fr o n t o f h is (Bowman's; o f f i c e , the judge b e lie v e d th a t Hayes was about t o c a r r y out h is t h r e a t , So when Hayes a g a in passed h is d o o r, Bowman f i r e d . Hayes stum bled out in t o the s t r e e t and f e l l - d e a d . Bowman was t r i e d , on a chaigp of venue, a t Houston, in Texas county He was a c q u itte d i The Sh_ooting_of_ Simon Oole_and_Thom a£ S m it h .- Both o f th ese sh o o tin g s occurred d u rin g December, 1883. Simon C o le , w h ile drunk, sought r e s t and warmth in the G ran t h o t e l . When t o ld by c i t y m arsh al S . L ig h t to le a v e , Cole r e s i s t e d . W ith no o th e r w arning or re a so n , L ig h t p u lle d h is r e v o lv e r and f a t a l l y sh o t C o l e . . . In a second in c id e n t , Thomas Sm ith , a n e g ro , had b eaten Mike B e ck . As s h e r i f f Harm Gaddy attem pted t o a r r e s t S m ith , the negro r e s i s t e d . Gaddy then sh o t and k i l l e d S m ith .

A C C I D E N T S - 1881-1890 A c c id e n ts, And Wrecks jO n R a ilm o a d .- There were many a c c id e n ts on the F r is c o r a i lr o a d d u rin g the 1 8 8 0 's . We m ention o n ly t h ir t e e n o f them . We have a lr e a d y d e sc rib e d N o. 1 - the head-on c o l l i s i o n between two t r a i n s which met in the tu n n e l between V a lle y Park and S t . L o u is .

The o th e r tw elve were th e s e : Ho. 2 . - As a f r e i g h t t r a i n , g o in g e a s t , passed F r is c o Pond, Samuel S p r a t le y , brakem an, f e l l from the to p o f c a r s on which he was w a lk in g and was cu t in t o a thousand p ie c e s b en ea th the c a r w h e e ls . The t r a i n was l a t e , and did n o t m iss him u n t i l i t had reach ed S t . Jam es.

No. 3 . - A t A r lin g t o n , fo u r te e n m ile s w est of R o lla , Robert Prigm ore, aged tw enty y e a r s , was run over by a t r a i n . Both le g s were severed a t the k n e e s. He was b rou gh t to R o lla f o r tre a tm e n t, but i t was u s e l e s s . He d ie d .

N o. 4 . - On J u l y 16, 1884, a tw o-engine t r a i n , c o n s is t in g o f empty s to ck c a r s , was g o in g up D ixon H i l l when an oth er heavy t r a i n , coming down, met i t head on. The w est oound " h i l l " en gine was co n v erted t o a mass o f p u lp , i t s fire m a n , W illiam .

H a r r i s , was k i l l e d .

T h is was th e fo u r t h d e ath on D ixon H i l l f o r t h i s y e a r .

N o. 5. - Five r a ilr o a d em ployees, g o in g w est throu<ji Coleman C u t, ju s t o u ts id e R o l l a c i t y l i m i t s , met up w ith an en gin e coming up from Newburg a t 25 m ile s p er h o u r.

Four of t h e lien jumped to s a f e t y .

The f i f t h , R ich a rd Hughes, did no t - and w ith the hand c a r was dragged fo r souk d is t a n c e , and was k i l l e d .

N o. 6 . - In " Ju n e , 1887, Jo se p h W ebster, aged f i f t y y e a r s , t r ie d to board a m oving t r a i n n e ar th e R o lla d e p o t. He s lip p e d and f e l l ben eath the c a r s , jobh le g s below the knees were f e a r f u l l y c ru s h e d . He was o f good m oral c h a r a c te r - n o t a "bum".

D r s . Rowe and R .L . Johnson were summoned, b u t D eath brushed a s id e t h e i r m in is t r y .

No 7 . - Ja c o b Goettelm ann and h is d a u g h te r, d r iv in g a team h itc h e d to a farm wap-on, were h i t by a f r e i g h t t r a i n a t the s to c k yard s c r o s s in g , e a s t of F r is c o Pond.

The wagon was reduced " t o sm ith ereen s" - b o th G oettelm ann and the d au gh ter were in ju r e d — b u t th e y s u r v iv e d . .

No 8 . - Samuel H a m ilto n , b rakenan, aged tw e n ty -fiv e y e a r s , was engaged in sw itc h in / ~ o p e ra tio n s in th e R o.U a y a r d . As he stepped from one car top to the n e x t, th e t r a i n s t a r t e d , th row ing him b en eath the w h e e ls . Both le g s were cu t ox ± j u s t below the h i p s . He d ie d . ^ bm tenBn> aged t w e n ty -s ix , white near the w ater tan k a t F r i s / ^ n d , ? w S S s S m e I i hknocked o f f the c a r s . He landed s i x t y f e e t away, w ith head on th e ground, f e e t and l e g s h an ging on the w ire r ig h t - o f- w a y f e n c e . He l a i d th e r e from 4:4 0 to 6:00 on th at Sunday morning when, s t i l l ‘a l i v e , he was tak en t o the C r a n d a ll H o t e l. He re g a in e d co n scio u sn e ss - by September 5th was im p rovin g, b u t w ith some b r a in dam age.

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18801s

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( a sow' T) ao a t (Vxm.0^s t r^e e ?t . 6^ Two 10’ c a1889, a WeSt rs were d e r ab° i l eUnd d . f r e i g h t t r a ln ^ r u o k a heavy hog & Mr, n T n ", —" The sow was reduced to sausaee

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I t s r » L t « ’ f in g : eB b: The. S t o c k ^ a i n bad no t as y e t c le a r e d the 2 1 “ ! men in t h T ^ h n reducea k in d lin g wood, a lo n g w ith a number of s to c k c a r s . Two engineer i n j u r e d ^ e ° C' ° pe * b u t th e Gannon Ba l l engine was b a d ly damaged, and i t s was t r v f e " 'f n ’ nr,nUri’^ f f ’, 1J'ch ln g o r a t i o n s in the R o lla y a rd , a t h r s e - s e c t io n t r a i n S e c H o n Nn a a by c o u p lin g up c a r s Jo se p h Vorbeck, the en g in e e r fo r c o lo n o . 3 , clim b ed up on an en gin e p i l o t ( cow c a tc h e r ) to h old up the lo n g h fs i i ^ h t PW S r ?

I t f Umbbedpand f e l1 o f f > ^ d e r the e n g in e . The w heels scfap ed h is r i g h t le g wrought to the C r a n d a ll H o t e l, h is wounds were examined and d r e s s e d .

Ho bones were b roken, and he s u r v iv e d .

ACCIDENTS OTHER THAN RAILROAD W e_Report S ix S u c h _A c cid e n tsJ. Thus :

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_ J i S i J L * ' k r » Huber owned and op erated a sto n e q u a rry ju s t w est of R o lla and the s c h o o l ox Mi n es e x p e rim e n ta l mine . In Ju n e , 1887, w h ile nine o f ths workmen were l i f t i n g a heavy lo a d o f store w ith a d e r r ic k , the boom broke and f e l l on them.

A l l were in ju r e d , b u t Henry W eiss, aged tw enty, was k i l l e d .

H o ^ _ 2 .- In November, 1887, P* H . O 'B r ie n and Mike H a g g e rty were r id in g in ^he f r o n t s e a t of a wagon loaded w ith lum ber. The m ules h a u lin g th e wagon became fr ig h t e n e d and ran away. The lum ber p itc h e d forw ard, s t r i k i n g th e two men. O 'B r ie n 's s c a lp was c u t lo o s e and fa r c e d down on h is n e c k . He d ie d from the in ju r y .

- /-» 3 •- -Ln December, 1889, E rn est S o e s t , agent and salesm an fc r farm m achinery, was out h u n tin g . In c lim b in g a r a i l fe n c e , h is gun, p o in t in g at him, exp lod ed and k i l l e d him .

NbIo.... 4«~ -Ln A p r i l , 1889, M iss E s t e j l a S a p p e n fie ld ( the l a t e r M rs. John W. S c o t t ) was r id in g on h orseb ack with M iss E th y le n e R ich a rd so n . As th e y passed the C a t h o lic ch u rch , a t 7th and S t a t e s t r e e t s , the church b e l l suddenly s t a r t e d to r i n g .

Both h o rse s were f r ig h t e n e d , jumped, and threw the la d ie s to the ground. E t h y le n e 's sh o u ld e r was d i s l o c a t e d .

They s u r v iv e d .

N o. 5 . - I n M arch, 1890, M rs. Thos. J . Jo n e s and a f r i e n d , M rs. N e v in s, were d r iv in g a s in g le horse h itc h e d to a o n e -se a t b u g gy . As th e y drove down Pine s t r e e t , the h o rse became f r ig h t e n e d , and nude a sudden jump. This d etach ed the fr o n t w heels and a x le from the r e s t of ths buggy - and w ith th a t t r a i l i n g , the horse made a dash f o r i t s s ta b le a t 6 th and P in e . However, as i t approached the W illia m H e lle r mens* c lo t h in g s t o r e , i t a p p a r e n tly saw the s ig n which was o n .d is p la y : " LOW P R IC E S". Whether f o r a good s u i t , or fo r a t a s t y fe e d of o a t s , the horse changed i t s c o u rse , and dashed i n a t the fr o n t door of the s t o r e . The s to r e fe d a new kin d of custom er l M att Wynn ended th e spree b y c a tc h in g the h o r s e .

Np. 6 . - In Ja n u a r y o f 1890, the M .S .M . stu d en ts were p la y in g f o o t b a l l on th e (th e n ) open f i e l d ju s t so u th o f th e R o lla b u ild in g - so u th , a l s o , o f 11th s t r e e t .

Waldemar N ie v e r t , in c a tc h in g the b a l l , was k ick e d ju s t above the h ip (p e lv ic)b o n e b y a fe llo w p la y e r . The k ic k ru p tu re d a k id n e y . In tw enty h o u rs, Waldemar was d e ad .

POLITICS: NATIONAL, STATE, LOCAL 1880-1890 The D e c a d e _0 f New P o l i t i c a l P a r t i e s ..- We have elsew here d e s c r ib e d the b ir t h and grow th o f the G ranger movement. As th e lS S O fe p ro g re sse d , o th e r o r g a n iz a tio n s h a v in g m a n y of th e same g o a ls were la u n ch e d . Among th e se were the Farm ers' A llia n c e and the G reenback p a r t i e s . A lso e x i s t i n g were the two p r i n c i p a l , lo n g -tim e p a r t i e s , the D em ocrats and th e R e p u b lic a n s . We in c lu d e a few d e s c r ip t iv e comments, th u s:

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1880's

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- a£ fci e s i nd P r e s id e n t i a l_ E le c t io n s , 1 8 8 0 -1 8 9 0 .- The n a tio n a l

i o S S i s L ^ S o c I a l i f t ^ h ^ 0^ 6 D e m o c i , a f c i c > R e p u b lic a n , P r o h i b it io n is t s , was t h i a n ^ t Z n n V i , ° r> Greenback s . A p a r t i c u la r hobby o f ths R e o u b lic L is c r a t s nursed t f e f ^ t i n g im ports from abroad by im posing a t a r i f f .

Tfe Demob an fshed ^he S n ^ l •^°ln a S e . ° 5 S ilT C r Pro Po s i t l o n - P r o h ib it io n is t s wanted saloo n s p r o n e - t v ’ RPnn h i• lls fc a wanted the Government to commandeer and take over p r iv a t e * P The "G re e n b a ck ^ ^emOC™ t s > G reenb ackers wanted Chinese im m igration sto p p ed . o m n iz e d in S f f ed a ° f d e t a ile d d e s c r ip t io n .

The p a r ty was f i r s t m i K o n f n r b8l7 6' A f ^ S t : ° C der ls s u e grew out o f the F e d e r a l is s u e of paper money t n I °en ^ , °f lfc " C a lle d "green b ack s" because one sid e w a f p rin te d g r e e n . But the p r iv a t e banks o rg a n ized under the N a t io n a l Bank law s a ls o p r in te d paper money. Some o f i t - much of i t - became e it h e r below par in v a lu e , or even J ^ S 3 ‘ P r a c t i c a l l y everybody wanted to g e t r id of the p r iv a t e bank money. The , Pu b llc a n s wanted to g e t r id o f a l l paper money, greenbacks in c lu d e d . They wanted tu ° f a11 b i l l s and d e b ts in terms of s i l v e r , g o ld , and co p p er. I n t h a t th e y d i f f e r e d from th e Democrats and th e s e "G re e n b a c k e rs". . And so th e Greenback p a r t y p la tfo r m in c lu d e d both i n f l a t i o n i s t and la b o r v ie w p o in ts .^ I t c a lle d fo r fr e e co in a g e o f s i l v e r , su p p ressio n of p r iv a te bank n o te s , re te n tio n ^ of ^the Government greenback money, r e s t r i c t i o n s on hours o f i n d u s t r i a l la b o r , and r e s t r i c t i o n of C h in ese im m ig ra tio n . Greenbacks opposed resum ption of money pay­ m ents in terms of s i l v e r and g o ld , wanted green b ack s to be l e g a l ten der fo r a l l d e b ts .

There was not^ too much d iff e r e n c e between the Greenback and th e Labor i n t e r e s t s .

In 1880, th e Greenbacks added th ese p lan k s to t h e i r p la tfo r m : Womens": s u f­ f r a g e , F e d e r a l r e g u la t io n o f commerce, and the F e d e r a l income t a x . Most a l l th e G reenback o b je c t iv e s were l a t e r ( 1892) taken over by the " P o p u lis t " or "P e o p le s' » p a r ty - and some o f them by th e D em ocrats.

Tire £ r ^ s id e n t ia l_ E le c _ t io n Years, a r r iv e d i n 1880-1884-1888. In 1880, the Repub­ l i c a n s nom inated James A . G a r fie M as p r e s id e n t, C h e s te r A . A rth u r as v ic e p r e s id e n t .

The Dem ocrats s e le c t e d W in fie ld S c o t t Hancock and W illia m H. E n g lis h as t h e i r team .

N ea l Dow and A .M . Thompson were the P r o h i b i t i o n i s t team, James B . Weaver and B .J.C h a m ­ b e rs t h a t o f the G reen b ack s. G a r f i e ld and A rth u r won - b u t on J u l y 2, 1881, a f t e r o n ly fo u r months in o f f i c e , G a r fie ld was a s s a ssin a te d .H n x d H ly z 2 p c l2 & i He d ie d on Septem ber 19, a f t e r which Chester A rth u r assumed the p r e s id e n c y .

A llia n c e f a c t io n o f the West and South took over the f i e l d to th en o ccu p ie d by the Grange movement, and a tta c k e d the E a s te rn f i n a n c i a l i n t e r e s t s , the m iddlem en, the r a i lr o a d s , the in d u s t r i a l m on o p olies, and the p ro p o s i­ t io n o f a g o ld s ta n d a r d . The n a t io n a l G reenb ack-Lab or p a r t ie s embraced th e se p o l i ­ c i e s , a lo n g w ith t h e i r fo r m e r ly advocated g o a l s . In the 1884 cam p aig i, the R e p u b lican s urged the r e s t r i c t i v e t a r i f f , the l i m i t a t i o n cf Chinese im m ig ra tio n , and c i v i l s e r ­ v ic e l e g i s l a t i o n .

They chose Jam es G . B la in e and Gen. John A . Logan as t h e i r p r e s i­ d e n t i a l nom inees. The Dem ocrats opposed, with G rover C le v e la n d and Thomas A . H endricks a s th e ir c a n d id a te s .

The P r o h i b it io n is t s chose Jo h n P . S t .J o h n , form er governor of Kan s a s , and W illia m D a n ie l, of M arylan d . The G reenback-Labor p a r t y nominated Gen. Benjam in F . B u t le r and A .M . W est.

C le v e la n d and Hendrioks. w e r e _e le £ te d . F o llo w in g t h is e l e c t i o n , the Greenback p a r t y fad ed away, and i t s adh erents e ith e r jo in e d up w ith th e D em ocrats, or help ed to promote the " P e o p le s ' P a rty " which came in stro n g f o r the 1892 e l e c t i o n . The p a r t y , as such fad ed away, b ut i t s g o a ls l i v e d on.

I n _ 1 8 8 8 ,_ I h e _ P r e £ id e n t ia l Tigke.t_Nomi.nees were th e s e : ( l ) For the U nion-Labor p a r t y , A lso n J . S t e e t e r and C .E . Cunningham. /GT For the U n ite d Labor p a r t y , Robert H . Cowdrey and W .H .T . W a k e fie ld . ( 3 ) For ^Democrats, Grover C le v e la n d and A lle n G . Thurman . ( 4 ) For th e P r o h i b it io n is t s ,/ C l i n t o n B . F is k and John A . B ro o k s, and ( 5 ) f o r the R e p u b lic a n s , Benjam in H a rriso n and L e v i P . M orton. H a r ris o n , w ith 233 e le c ­ t o r a l c o lle g e v o t e s , won over C le v e la n d , who had 168. However, C le v e la n d g ath ered in 5 ,5 4 0 ,0 5 0 p o p u la r v o te s to 5 ,4 4 4 ,3 3 7 f o r H a r r is o n .

In the m eantim e, Congress had e s t a b lis h e d an I n t e r s t a t e C©mmer«e Commission, had d ecreed resum ption o f payments in s ilv e r and g o ld in s te a d o f bank n o tes and g re e n b a c k s, had p ro v id ed d e f i n i t e order fo r p r e s i d e n t ia l s u c c e s s io n , had p is s e d th e Sherman a n t i - t r u s t a c t , and had e n acted other law s of im p o rta n ce.

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v ig o ro u s^ co n tra v er^ y 'co n c^ ern in g b fcteb free 8 l e C t i " 1 ^ a r . M a tu r e d a the d o m in atin g is s u e o f the" fo llo w in g ' decad g m ,° J , s lb yer • T h is q u e s tio n became s i l v e r b u l l i o n , as o f 1890 h T 1 t The d e c lin e of the m arket p r ic e o f To b o ls t e r th e price o f s i l v e f ^ d *1 ? ™ P ar a t iv e r a t i o o f 20 to 1 o f g o ld , was p assed by Congress requiring the UH3 hhe !ax^ e r s o f silver, a compromise b i l l s i l v e r each month. This so g r e a t ! v Pnda * "r asu^7 to purchase 4 ,5 00,0 00 ounces o f la n d p u b l i c l y a tta c k e d the n e -s n r Z “ dangered n a t io n a l fin a n c e s th a t P r e s id e n t C le v e o f s i l v e r a " d a n ^ o u s ^ d r e c k te u n ll* i t e d » independent coin age p ap er mor^y, a S T r e e e ^ L e S . X t ^ 3 thUS th a t s i l v e r ^ d g ° ^ I M: ; ’ ' 7 llV e r became th e fcoPmost is s u e s o f t ie 1890«S. dom inated T n liis s o u r i^ s g o v e ^ S ^ t ~ '~ jt h n ° S ~ /b r° Ughout t b is Pe r io d > fche Dem ocrats C i v i l War b u t a "Uni o n W nP u, J ^ ! P h elPs > a v e te ra n Union o f f i c e r in the Thomas T ’ Cri tt-n d o r i * ~e“ o c r a t > served as governor f o r the term 1877-1880. j i 0 “ r pt‘ ® d n , a ls o a Dem ocrat, succeeded fo r the 1881-1884 term John S Harm a Democrat Was ^ cbad * * 1885- 8 9 term . 5 e " a ls o ^ * a T boy v A l b e i ; P Mo h W nCe ° n Decejaber 28> 1887, and the term was f in is h e d a lb e r t i . M orehouse, a ls o a Dem ocrat. term ]88Qn i8 q p embRn’ ( f 88> D&Vid R ' F r a n c is > an oth er Dem ocrat, was e le c t e d fc r the term 1889-1892. But he was a new type of Dem ocrat. He was a n a tiv e o f Kentucky a f ° ™ ? r ®u c a e s s f u l b u s in e s s man, and than a mayor of S t . L o u is . D u ring h is te rm f’ M is Hp , , f d ° pbed A u s t r a lia n b a l l o t law , and se t up a S ta te sch o o l tex tb o o k com m ission, b e lie v e o th a t tne^days of th e C i v i l b a r had c o n t r o lle d s ta te p o l i t i c s lo n g enough. p o l i t i c a l power and im portance in M is s o u r i, were th e R e p u b lic a n s ." h e ir s t a t e p o l i t i c a l p la tfo r m s l a r g e l y fo llo w e d th e p a tte r n o f the n a t io n a l p la tfo r m .

Lhey ad vocated the _ t a r i f f , the re tu rn t o payments in term s of hard money, and t ie l i m i ­ t a t io n cl Ch in ese ^im m ig ra tio n .

A fte r th e R e p u b lican s came the G reen b ack ers, i n s i s t i n g or/ la rg e r^ ana a d d it io n a l is s u e s o f government paper money - "green b ack s" - and the o th e r p o l i c i e s o f th e n a t io n a l p a r t y . The s ta te P r o h ib it io n is t s gain ed at l e a s t ONE o f th e ir g o a ls - a s ta te -w id e l o c a l o p tio n law , under which a m a jo r ity of M is s o u r i's c o u n t ie s , fc r a sh o rt p e r io d , "went d r y ."

Under th e Marmaduke—morehouse regim e, the M is s o u r i le g i s l a t u r e passed s e v e r a l m easures o f im p o rta n ce, among them one r e g u la t in g r a ilr o a d sh ip p in g r a t e s - fo r b id d in g h ig h e r r a t e s xor s h o r t h a u ls than for lo n g o n es. A new r a i lr o a d and warehouse com­ m is s io n was e s t a b lis h e d , and a ls o a s t a t e a g r i c u l t u r a l experim ent s t a t i o n .

In M is s o u r i, as w e ll as a cro s s the n a t io n , the q u e stio n c f " t a r i f f " becamE an upperm ost is s u e in 1890. B u t, even more im p o rta n t, the p r in c ip a l q u e stio n was n a t io n a l f in a n c e , i n f l a t i o n , through g r e a te r p r in t in g of F e d e r a l greenbacks - or d e f l a t io n through payment of b i l l s and debts in terms c f s i lv e r a n 1 g o ld , d e c re a s in g the use of paper money. The q u e s tio n c f b a la n c e between v a lu e o f s i l v e r and gold was a ls o p re­ dom inant, and blossom ed f u l l grown d u rin g the n ext d e cad e.

WHY 3H0ULD_THIS STORY BEjm C & W m J U T E STATE AND NATI0NAL_ISSU2S ?? Because th e y were ALSO the predom inant l o c a l is s u e s - In R o lla and in P h elps C o u n ty.

The D em o cratic p a r t y and is s u e s were a r d e n tly supported by H o r a tio S . H erbert and C h a rle s M. M cCrae, e d it o r s o f th e R o lla H e r a ld . W albridge G . P o w e ll, who b e fo re 1875, had a d v o cated R e p u b lic a n v ie w s, became d is g u s te d because th e l o c a l R e p u b lican le a d e r s took t h e ir p r o f it a b le a d v e r t is in g to th e H erald - b u t demanded h is e d i t o r i a l su p p o r t. For such re a s o n , P o w e ll s t a r t e d the New E r a , and adopted the p o l i c i e s and g o a ls c f the G reenback p a r t y . The R e p u b lica n s seem to have l o s t e d i t o r i a l support when the R o lla E x p re ss e x p ire d in 1876.

The_ F a r m e r £ '_ A llia n c e ., f i r s t argpinized in Texas i n I 876 , had as i t s o r i g i n a l g o a ls th e e lim in a t io n o f _ c a t t l e t h ie v in g , and the n o tio n c f b r in g in g lawmakers to ju s ­ t i c e . By A ugust o f 1886, i t had e n r o lle d some 300,000 members. In 1890, i t s o r i g i n a l g o a ls were s t i l l b a s ic p o l i c i e s - b u t there was now added the d e sire to stop the rampant "ro b b e ry o f the P e o p le" by th e banks and "money t h ie v e s " .

T h is id e a was taken over i n t o the on-com ing P o p u lis t P a r ty p la tfo r m o f 1892. The " A llia n c e " had p le n t y of ad h eren ts i n the R o lla a re a d u rin g th e 1 8 8 0 's .

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The A u s t r a l ia n _ B a llo t - In v en ted _B y A R o lla M an .- George W. Sm ith , R o lla * s d iv e r s e ly ta le n t e d je w e le r , gunsm ith, o r g a n is t , c lo c k and w atch maker and r e p a ir man, as e a r l y as 1882 in v e n te d the s e c r e t b a l l o t form which became known as the B a l]-o t * He used i t * i n p r in te d form , in June csf 1882, in l o c a l e l e c t i o n s . , , j 1 " c o p y r ig h t e d , oome A u s t r a lia n saw i t , to ok i t back home where th e A u s tr a lia n s adopted ant used i t .

Then, in 1389, some Am erican from M a ssa ch u se tts d isco v e re d ana b r o u ^ it i t b ack fo r use in th a t S t a t e . Other s t a t e s then fo llo w e d in i t s u s e .

J i e R e p u b lic a n s And The G a r fie ld -A r t h u r C l u b .- A l i s t of the le a d in g R e p u b li­ cans and Dem ocrats o f the 1880’ s should be cf i n t e r e s t .

The R e p u b lic a n s , in 1880 d e s i r i n g to promote the p o l i c i e s o f the n a t io n a l p a r ty by form ing a l o c a l R e p u b lican c lu D , assem bled in R o lla on September 25, 1880. Edmund W. B ish op as aimed tte tem porary c h a ir . D r . Sam i. B . Rowe served as tem porary s e c r e t a r y . D r . John F e tz e r opened the m e e tin g , and H am ilton E , Baker e x p la in e d th e purpose o f the m e e tin g .

A s p e c ia l com m ittee on nom ination of permanent o f f i c e r s p resen ted the fo llo w in g s l a t e , w hich was adop ted: Cyrus H. F r o s t , p r e s id e n t . . .E .W . B ish o p , v ic e p r e s id e n t . . . ^ oseph G arvey s e c r e t a r y . . . S . S . Kauffm an, a s s is t a n t s e c r e ta r y . . . and E . J . M o rris t r e a s u r e r . The com m ittee on nom ination had been R obert A . L ove, Hiram M. Shaw, and F .C .

F l i n t . The e x e c u tiv e committee in clu d e d the s la t e d o f f i c e r s p lu s Luman F . P a rk er, t-ohn P arker vnegroj 1 D r . M a r tin , C h a rle s ideatherwax, and s i x other members, n o t named, b u t d is t r ib u t e d over Phelps c o u n ty . They then named t h e ir clu b "THE GARFIELD AND aRTHUR CLUB", the purpose of which was to promote the campaign o f the R e p u b lican p r e s i d e n t i a l nom inees.

Hhe. D e m p cra tip JJro u p in l i k e manner o rgan ized the "Hancock and E n g lis h C lu b ."

This would promote the campaign o f the D em ocratic p r e s id e n t ia l nom inees. ^Tbe fo llo w ­ in g men were e n r o lle d as clu b members: D r . R o b t.

J ohns on W. de B a u e r n fie ld H . Bascom Brown Frank Peabody H o r a tio S ' H erbert W illia m P a u l s e l l Frank J • Deegan J . S . L iv e s a y D r . C h a s. H . S t o r t s Georgs C r a n d a ll John O 'B r ie n James Murray Claude D . Jam ison Georgs R u ffin g Ed R ebstock P . H . Sm ith C h a r le s M. McCrae Cyrus Peabody J . D . W atkins James Dyer Ja n e s P . H a r ris o n Frank Peabody S id J . Lang B . W ilson James S . L iv e s a y W i l l Peabody T.M . W atkins W. Deegan Jo h n D . L iv e s a y Jo se p h T ip ton W-. S c h i l l i n g J . Sm olish L o u is A, L iv e s a y D r . W. D. Cady Henry S e e le J .B . S a lly SBfiV Cr-a s r s James Murray R . H . F in n The G le e f u l D e m o cra tic_P a ra d e , _188 Zj. . - For tw e n ty -fo u r y e a r s , the D em ocratic a d h eren ts had f a i l e d to h o ld any v e ry e n t h u s ia s t ic p u b lic dem onstrations in R o l l a .

Now, on November 15, 1884 - j u b i l a n t over the e le c t io n of Grover C le v e la n d - the f i r s t D em o cra tic p r e s id e n t s in c e Abraham L in c o ln , the R o lla a re a Dem ocrats staged a h ila r io u s "Grand. P arad e" in R o l l a .

The n ig h t was m ild . A migjaty s t r e e t parade form ed, w ith co rn e t band in the le a d .

The a f f a i r s t a r t e d a t the 7th s t r e e t c r o s s in g of the F r i s c l r a i l r o a d . There were hundreds of th e o ld -tin e t i n can kerosene t o r c h e s . E ig h t horsemen c a r r ie d "The C o lo r s " ( S t a r s and S t r ip e s ) .P r o f . George D . Emerson, of the S c h o o l of M ines, lig h t e d the column w ith c a lc iu m l i g h t s . O th e rs p r o je c te d c o lo re d l i g h t s . M u ltitu d e s o f guns, to g e th e r w ith b la c k s m ith a n v il s and cannon c o n tr ib u te d m ig h t ily to the n o is e .

The parade c ir c u l a t e d over the town’ s s t r e e t s , f i n a l l y ending a t the Court House, where sp eech es were made by S t a t e R e p re se n ta tiv e O .P . P a u l s e l l , Henry S e ele ( m i l l e r ) , and a tto r n e y s J . B . H a rriso n and Wm. C . K e l l y . Houses a l l over town were s p e c i a l l y i l l i m i n a t e d , and u n its in the parade c a r r ie d " tr a n s p a r e n c ie s " - v ic t o r y s e n tim e n ts p a in te d on tr a n s p a r e n t c lo t h illu m in a te d by l i g h t s b e h in d .

IT WAS A GREAT AFFA IR ! . . . And w ith t h is we conclude our d is c u s s io n of l o c a l , s t a t e , and n a t io n a l e le c t io n s and p o l i t i c s fo r the p erio d 1880-1890.

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NEGHROLOGIj. 1880^1890.- These p e rso n s, o f im portance and prominence in the R o lla a r e a , d ie d d u rin g the 1880-1890 p e r io d . D ates of d eath a re in p a r e n t h e s e s .( ) .

M r s ._ S u s a n _ L,enox ( A p r. 27, 1882). R ife of W ilso n Lenox, mother of M rs. Frank W ishon, o f M rs. T .G . H a r r is o n , and o f the d eceased son, Jo h n .

E r a s tu s D arro ( O c t . 28, 1882). A fam ed, r a th e r d i r e l i c t R o lla c h a r a c te r . He made h is l i v i n g by p ic k in g up r a g s and c a s t - o f f s . He was c o n sid e re d q u it e i n t e l l i ­ g e n t, and a p h ilo s o p h e r .

Thought to hare p o ssessed c o n s id e r a b le money, which he c a r ­ r ie d in an o ld -fa s h io n e d money b e l t , sa id to have f i n a l l y been b u rie d on th e M .S .M . g o l f f i e l d . He d ie d from, e a t in g d is c a r d e d , s p o ile d food from a garbage can in which p o iso n had been p la c e d to ca tc h th e r a t s .

Judge_ W illia m G ._P o m ero y . ( S a t . , O c t .28,1882) L iv e d 1814—1882. D ied w hile mayor o f R o l l a . Had been P h elp s County c i r c u i t ju d g e .

Ju d ^ . Aaron Van Wormer (D ec. 5, 1882) Had li v e d 1809-1882. D is tin g u is h e d b e ca u se , a c t in g a s h is own a t t o r n e y a s w e ll as c i r c u i t ju d g p , he d iv o rc e d h is own w if e . He l a t e r rem arried h e r .

Mrs_._Andrew M a lco lm ,_n e e Jane W h ite ly ( Ja n . 18, 1885). L iv e d I 8 O3- I 885 . Her husband, Andrew, served as one cf R o lla * s v ery f i r s t cou ncilm en , 1861. He and son David, were R o lla * s forem o st b a n k e rs.

Mrs.J/vL P •_Bond ( A p r il 16, 1 8 8 5 ). W ife of form er B a p t is t p a s t o r . G r e a t ly lo v e d , a tr a in e d p erform er on p ia n o . D ied a t Gadsden, near B r o w n s v ille , Tenn.

Q u e s tio n : Was she the mother of C a r r ie Ja c o b s bond ??

M rs. W illia m C^ K e l l y (June 26 , 1 8 85). L iv e d 1851l"1885. Wife of o u tsta n d in g co u n ty p r o s e c u tin g a t t o r n e y . S i s t e r of George S h a r r a r . Had two c h ild r e n by her f i r s t m a r r ia g e . In t e r r e d in Pea Ridge cem etery. „ ,, , , C a p t. Enoch P ._ F e r r e l l . (O c t. 3, 1885). L iv e d 1837-1885. G r e a t ly r e s p e c te d , h ig h ly t a le n t e d . F i r s t s c h o o l te a c h e r in R o lla , 1 8 6 1 .S u rv ey o r, S ta te r e p r e s e n ta tiv e , c i v i c m inded, sp len d id c i t i z e n . In te r r e d i n F e r r e l l cem etery, in so u th e a st M aries Go. M iss Susan Demuth. (F eb . 13, 1 8 86). D au ^ ite r o f A le x Demuth, s i s t e r of J u l i a .

In t e r r e d b e s id e her mother a t Y ork, P a ., where the fa th e r e v e n t u a lly w ent, d ie d , and D r . C h a r le y E . jC a u ffm a n , d e n t is t (May 24, 1886). L e f t R o l l a , d ied a t C a r l i s l e , P a . A form er prom inent d e n t i s t . S u rv iv e d by w ife and two c h ild r e n , ohe was s o c i a l l y prom inent w h ile l i v i n g in R o l l a .

Jo h n W. L iv e s a y . ( S a t ., Aug. 14, 1 8 8 6 ) . A v e ry e a r ly , prom inent, R o lla p io n e e r and to w n b u ild e r. Born J u l y 25,1827, Murry C o ., Tenn. Game to R o lla m 1855. Was fa th e r of th re e pr eminent R o lla so n s, and o f ta o prom inent d au g h ters - L e t i t i a and Amanda. The b o y s, James S . , John D ., and Lew is A . ..G o o d man, kind f a t h e r . ............ E l i j a h J R M o r r is . ( c . S e p t . 2, 1886). V ete ran R o lla hardware m erchan t. L iv e d 1 8 l6 - 18C o L Is a a c Warmoth (About Mar 24,1387) L iv e d 1816 - 1886 . Commanded Union tro o p defen d in g ” R o lla "fr o m P r ic e r a id o f 1864. C i r c u i t a tto r n e y , 1861 . . R o lla ,m a y o r . Removed t0 ^ “ r s ^ C h L S n . ^ a n l ' n e e L e l i a B e a s le y ) (S u n .,Ju n e 3 0 ,1 8 8 9 ). W ife o f D ir e c to r C .E . W a it f s e c o S d i J e g ^ f M .3 .M . She died a t Toledo Ohio J ‘sy husband i d a d a u g h t e f f / S ? l . ' i - J . L lo y d , of R o c h e s te r, N . Y . Was m other, a ls o , o l a so n . W illia m , who dl& d i n in fa n c y . * AND WITH THIS RECORD, WE CONCLUDE THE STORY OF ROLLA FOR THE PERIOD 1881-1 9 .