Fire Station 8 - Cole O'Brien - Spring 2020 by Cole O'Brien

F I R E S TAT I O N COLE O’BRIEN

The design proposal for Fire Station 8, located in Phase IV of the NOVUS Innovation Corridor, seeks to re-evaluate the existing master plan for Phase IV as well as role that fire stations play in our growing cities. The redesignINof master plan realign implementation with the values for site: EIGHT promoting mass LOCATED PHASE IV OF THE seeks NOVUSto INNOVATION CORRIDOR, THE DESIGN PROPOSAL FORthe STATION IS ROOTED INtransit, A REEVALUATION OF THE SITE'S MASTER PLAN AND ITSuseful, GOALS. diverse THESE RETHOUGHT DESIGNIn STRATEGIES INCLUDE A REROUTING supporting athletics facilities, and creating outdoor space. this process of redesign, the fire OF THE ACCESS ROAD,relocated A SITE ENLARGEMENT, INTEGRATION OF ACTIVITIES AND PLACING THE FIRE STATION WITHIN station has been to within an office building in a bidSPACES to explore how public infrastructure might be ONE OF THE BUSINESS CAMPUS OFFICE BUILDINGS. THE MASSING ITSELF PURSUES A CELEBRATION OF THE FIREFIGHTING re-imagined in a more urbanized fabric. The massing of this multi-use structure seeks to celebrate arrival PROFESSION. THIS IS ACCOMPLISHED THROUGH THE INTEGRATION OF TRAINING AREAS, THE ARRIVAL SEQUENCE ANDthe PUBLIC sequence of LIKEWISE, the fire engine through “carving” away WHILE of theALSO office buildingSUNLIGHT, itself. This subtraction ACCESS SPACES. THE FACADE SEEKSaTOcareful REAFFIRM THIS SUPPORT, MANAGING VENTILATION, AND CREATING A DEFINABLE STREETofCORRIDOR. THESE STRATEGIES ARE ALL that CORNERSTONES IN THE REALIGNMENT OF PHASEand creates intentional moments interaction in an overall design carefully addresses both integration IV AND STATION EIGHT'S DESIGN GOALS TOWARDS ASU'S AMBITIONS FOR THE SITE. separation.

TA B L E O F CONTENTS F I N A L B OA R D S P R EC E D E N T A N A LYS I S S I T E A N A LYS I S P R O G R A M A N A LYS I S CO N S T R U C T I O N A N A LYS I S E N E R GY A N A LYS I S M I DT E R M R E V I E W P R O G R E S S I M AG E S

P R EC E D E N T A N A LYS I S

T R O M S O F I R E S TAT I O N

SITE PLAN + CONCEPT LOT LINES UNCLEAR OVERALL. ESTIMATED AT APPROX. 1/2 ACRE

PUBLIC ACCESS / TYPOLOGICAL THRESHOLD

SLOPED TOPOGRAPHY WITH RETAINING WALL AS TRANSITION DATUM

L INDUSTRIA Y TYPOLOG

VEHICULAR INGRESS/EGRESS

THREE STACKED LAYERS THAT INTEGRATE INTO SLOPE AND PRESENT TWO SEPERATE ENTEREANCES

EXTENSION OF TOP FLOOR TO INCREASE PUBLIC PROGRAM AND SHELTER GARAGE

RURAL Y TYPOLOG

ADDITION OF TRAINING TOWER AND BRIDGE THAT ACTS AS THRESHOLD FOR PUBLIC ACCESS

PUBLIC INGRESS/EGRESS

RESPONDS TO COLD CLIMATE THROUGH BURIAL IN THE SURROUNDING TOPOGRAPHY, PROVIDING EXTRA INSULATION

RESPONDS TO WET CLIMATE THROUGH SHELTERING OF PRIMARY INGRESS/EGRESS

3D PROGRAM LAYOUT

DORMITORIES MEETING/CLASS AREAS OFFICES STORAGE/MECHANICAL TRAINING WC KITCHEN VERTICAL CIRUCLATION GYM/RECREATION RESPONE SUPPORT GARAGE

ELEVATION

ENVELOPE SYSTEM

S I T E A N A LYS I S

SI T E LO CAT I O N

PIER DR

P RO P O S E D SI T E P L AN 22.5' UTILITY, BIKE PATH, LANDSCAPE & CITY SERVICES EASEMENT

RIO SALADO PARKWAY

EASEMENT

60% (907' MINIMUM STREETWALL REQUIRED) 1086' STREETWALL PROVIDED

OFFICE (low to mid-rise)

DORSEY ROAD

REQUIRED) 50% (197' MINIMUM STREETWALL OR 306' STREETWALL PROVIDED

50% (281' MINIMUM STREETWALL REQUIRED)

15% OF LOT DEVELOPMENT AREA REQUIRED OPEN SPACE

GARAGE

GARAGE GARAGE

FIRE STATION OCOTILLO POWER PLANT

SI TE F UTURE - NOV U S P H A SE 3

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Sunbel t Fu tu re De ve lopmen t

Pa ck ard Dr

Ri o Salado P ar kw ay

3rd St

Su nD evil St adiu m

Oc o ll o

Mc Clin to ck D rive

La ke

4t hS t Ex is ng Garage

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Well s Fa rg o Aren a

Ev ents Venu e

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Universi ty D rive

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N.T.S

SITE F U T U R E - NOVUS INNOVATION CO R R I D O R THE COSMOPOLITAN DISTRICT FOR ARIZONA PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS

330-acre master-planned, mixed-use urban street front development Retail/Restaurants: 250,000 SF 3.4 Million SF 3,300 Units (market rate)

TEMPE OVERVIEW

•

• Major Events • Gammage: ±60 performances annually | • ±284k visitors annually • Tempe Center for the Arts: ±500 Events | • ±125k visitors annually • •

planning and development

• •

ECONOMIC DRIVERS

• Tempe Town Lake: Open year-round | ±2.7m visitors annually Arizona Rock ‘n’ Roll Marathon & Pat’s Run:

ASU adjacent (#1 Rated in the Country for

Over 15% of Arizona’s high-tech companies are located in Tempe. developments call Tempe home. Approximately 210,000 people work in Tempe, to grow heavily in employment. Current job growth for the city has increased 1.99% compared with 1.18% for the country. Future job growth over the next 10 years is predicted to be 39.5% compared with 36.1% for the country.

• concepts and best of class operators

•

Centrally located near four major freeways

Walkable, bikable, mass transit supported community

• • metro retail hubs and the neighboring urban

InSight, Medtronic, Edward Jones, Wells Fargo, Chase Bank, State Farm Insurance, Monster Silicon Valley Financial Services, Bard Peripheral Vascular, Lifelock, Limelight Networks, Allstate Insurance, and Amazon. com.

U R BA N FAB R I C A NA LYSIS

Past

ASU Campus Comercial Low- Mid Rise Building Mid- High Rise Building Hospitality Residential Parks

Scale | 800 Ft

Future

UR BAN FABR IC AN A LYSIS

Past

ASU Campus Comercial Low- Mid Rise Building Mid- High Rise Building Hospitality Residential Parks

Scale |

Future

800 Ft

P RO G R A M A N A LYS I S

STATION APPARATUS BAY Apparatus Bay Mezzanine Storage Turnouts Storage Room EDC Closet Electrical Exterior Generator SCBA/Hose Storage Decontamination Sink/Eye Wash Exterior Storage EMS Storage Closet STATION LIVING QUARTERS Day Room/Break Room Kitchen Pantry Dining Battalion Cheif’s Office Battalion Offices Captain’s Office Watch Room / Station Office Public Entry Vestibule Public Lobby Public Restroom Traning Room / EOC/ Community Electrical Radio / Communications Room Inside Storage / Laundry Room Fitness / Excercise Room Library / Study Covered Outdoor Pation Alternate Response Personnel Office Janitors Closet Mechanical STATION SLEEPING QUARTERS Captain’s Dormitory Dormitories Battalion Chief’s Dormitory Battalion Dormitories Men’s Bathroom Women’s Bahtroom Storage

ADJACENT NEARBY NOT ADJACENT NOT RELATED

HOW CAN WE MAXIMIZE OUR VERTICAL DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL? Mixed-use facilities can be a very cost-effective means to maximize the development potential of a site. This concept is regularly applied to commercial developments that may have retail shops on the lower level and residential or office spaces on upper floors. The same concept can be applied to fire and rescue stations. A single- or multi-story fire and rescue station can be located on the ground floors, with other municipal agencies or commercial spaces above. A variation of the mixed-use development concept can be a public/private partnership, where a private developer coordinates efforts with a municipality to provide a public facility as part of a private development. One scenario could be that the municipality owns an aging fire station in a densely populated urban area. A developer might offer to build a new fire station on the site in exchange for the opportunity to construct multiple floors of commercial space above

CO N S T R U C T I O N A N A LYS I S

ALTERNATIVES AND INNOVATIONS CONSTRUCTION SUMMARY

TIMBER CONCRETE COMPOSITE Source: https://structurecraft.com/materials/mass-timber/timber-concrete-composite https://www.constructionspecifier.com/timber-concrete-composite-floor-systems-for-tall-buildings/ Timber-Concrete Composite (TCC) is a technology which focuses on optimizing performance and material requirements by engineering a structural connection between timber and concrete components. Structural efficiency is gained by creating composite action between the two materials. This hybridization enables designers to reduce cross sections, increase spans, and streamline structures in pursuit of sustainable architecture. As with other panelized products we have taken a comprehensive approach which encourages the integration of electrical and mechanical systems into structural panels with architecturally exposed timber and concrete. These panels reduce the proportion of the carbon-intensive concrete components by allowing timber to carry the load. Timber-concrete composite panels can be used as floor panels or wall panels. Either timber panels or beams can be used, and there are many methods of creating composite action between the timber and concrete. The concrete slab can be poured on-site or precast in a shop environment. On-site pours are generally preferred as they create a structural diaphragm without requiring additional topping or post-fix connections between panels. Pouring the concrete on-site also reduces the weight of the prefab timber panels, making pick times and erection faster. Either solid mass timber panels (e.g. NLT, CLT, LSL) or engineered wood beams spaced at centres (Glulam, PSL, LVL) can be used as the support for the concrete topping. The choice between the two systems is generally predicated on considerations of servicing strategies. There are many options here including bespoke connectors. One common option is to use diagonally inclined screws half-drilled into the timber elements, left protruding into the concrete topping, creating the composite action. There are also many proprietary connectors available, including HBV mesh connectors. ADVANTAGES 1. Retains primary benefits of precast elements structural capabilities 2. Thinner floor plates 3. 60-75% smaller carbon footprint than typical precast construction 4. Concrete still helps to control acoustics of multi-story structure 5. Low weight allows for lighter structure, smaller foundations, quicker assembly, etc. 6. Allows for larger spans than could be accomplished with just one type DISADVANTAGES 1. Greatest benefits seem to be seen in tower structures containing multiple stories, thus experiencing the largest benefits from cost savings, CO2 savings, etc. 2. Not highly tested in the United States and thus could have potential issues with code officials, etc. 3. Likely difficult to manufacture nearby due to lack of in-country expertise and use thus far CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS - COLE O’BRIEN ADE 522 – ADVANCED ARCHITECTURAL STUDIO – SPRING 2020

TCC CASE STUDIES TIMBER CONCRETE COMPOSITE STANDARD DETAILS Source: https://structurecraft.com/projects/okanagan-college-gym-wall-panels

CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS - COLE O’BRIEN ADE 522 – ADVANCED ARCHITECTURAL STUDIO – SPRING 2020

CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS - COLE O’BRIEN CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS - COLE O’BRIEN ADE 522 – ADVANCED ARCHITECTURAL STUDIO – SPRING 2020

ADE 522 – ADVANCED ARCHITECTURAL STUDIO – SPRING 2020

CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS - COLE O’BRIEN

H7 BUILDING - MUNSTER Source: https://www.arup.com/projects/h7-muenster

CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS - COLE O’BRIE ADE 522 – ADVANCED ARCHITECTURAL STUDIO – SPRING 202

ILLWERKE ZENTRUM MONTAFON Source: https://www.hkarchitekten.at/en/project/izm-illwerke-zentrum-montafon/

CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS - COLE O’BRIEN ADE 522 – ADVANCED ARCHITECTURAL STUDIO – SPRING 2020

ADIDAS HQ EXPANSION (UNDER CONSTRUCTION) Source: https://leverarchitecture.com/projects/adidas_north_american_headquarters_expansion

CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS - COLE O’BRIEN ADE 522 – ADVANCED ARCHITECTURAL STUDIO – SPRING 2020

CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS - C ADE 522 – ADVANCED ARCHITECTURAL STUDIO –

ANALYSIS AND COMPARISONS CONSTRUCTION SUMMARY

CONSTRUCTION TIME

OVERALL COMPARISON

Construction time, while a large factor in cost as well, can be considered on its own, especially in regards to a project that is largely designed without consideration of a budget. However, it does relate back to cost to an extent. Construction time can be reduced through the use of standard, mass-produced elements that are easy to install and are something that the GC likely has experience with in numerous projects beforehand. However, even with custom, more complicated elements, construction time is still much faster than site-cast concrete or other construction methods, due to the lack of on-site fabrication. This allows the contractor to avoid many weather delays, quality control time, etc. that is typically associated with on-site fabrication and can lead to long project delays. PCM is simply embed in the concrete that would be placed normally and thus shouldn’t experience any particularly noticeable delay in construction, even if fabrication takes longer beforehand. Radiant cooling on the other hand, will require a longer installation time when integrated as compared to a typicaly precast element for example. However, this increase in installation of these elements will likely be made up for later when the contractor doesn’t have to install a typical HVAC system that would likely take just as long between roughing, installation, etc. COST While it’s important to consider cost, it’s also reasonable to remember that it doesn’t truly apply to this project as there’s no real budget. However, it’s still important to consider so that we can rule out any completely impractical uses. In that sense, our main structural options (precast, timber, and timber composite) all have the distinct advantage of being relatively inexpensive. Of course, this comes with the massive caveat that this only applies when these systems are built using standard elements that are mass produced. When producing complex, custom elements, these cost-savings drop off significantly. In the case of a custom precast facade system, for example, it will be important to try and use as many repeating elements as possible in order to try and keep costs down. There’s no budget to the project of course, but making impractical moves just for the hell of it makes no sense and must instead be justified through performance gains or similar. In this sense, this is how the cost of innovative technologies like phase change material (PCM) and radiant cooling can be considered. Both have a higher installation cost than standard precast (due to the somewhat custom nature of their fabrication, but both are proven to have a relatively short payoff period. PCM is definitely the higher of the two due to its somewhat limited use in projects thus far and this shoudl be carefully considered as a result.

ACOUSTICS On this project, it’s important to consider acoustics due to the desire to try and cover up the industrial sound coming from the surrounding context in order to provide a more suitable living environment. In this case, the heavier the better as it will allow the building to isolate itself from surrounding noise. However, this can be made up for through increased insulation instead of a heavier structure, and might still be cheaper as it will only need to be incorporated throughout the primary living spaces and potentially office spaces as well. In this case, added insulation might still be cheaper considering the savings associated with a lighter structure. Likewise, radiant cooling, while incredibly sustainable, can be a negative due to the lack of associated white noise to help mask the nearby noise. However, this can also be solved through the use of fans, an air ventilation system, etc.

CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS - COLE O’BRIEN ADE 522 – ADVANCED ARCHITECTURAL STUDIO – SPRING 2020

LOCALITY Locality is decided by a variety of aspects such as how it fits in with the local environment, how comfortable local contractors and manufactures are with it, whether it would be pioneering sustainable technologies in the area, etc. In this sense, advantages in local comfort with a material likely mean that its less pioneering, but would be much easier and less costly to incorporate into a project. It would also allow it to be maintained and examined much easier and likely with a higher level of quality. While precast is the highest for local comfort, that doesn’t necessarily mean this is a good thing. Just because people are used to something unsustainable and have become experts in it, doesn’t it make it the de-facto best option. Instead, helping to pioneer a new technology in the area can help to bring new jobs and expertise to the same precast manufactures allowing them to benefit more greatly in the long-term through diversification and expertise in rapidly-adopted sustainable technologies.

SUSTAINABILITY Another fairly straightforward comparison, it’s clear that concrete (precast or sitecast) is going to have a significantly higher carbon cost and overall greater impact to the environment than any alternative incorporating timber. Luckily, Phoenix has local precast manufacturing so the associated transporation cost is relatively low. However, there’s still a vast amount of embedded carbon footprint that can’t be made up for. There’s also continued concerns over sand shortages throughout the world and the lack of sustainable alternative for its use in concrete. PCM hasn’t been used in enough projects or studied enough to be positively certain of its complete sustainability. However, one can be sure that the choice of PCM material as well as what it is encased in (metal vs plastic) can have a large effect on the overall sustainability. From a energy-saving perspective, both it and radiant cooling have been proven to be massively succesful in Phoenix’s climate and would have a short pay-off period and long-lasting effects, INTEGRATION Integration is fairly straightforward. How flexible is a construction technique? Does it allow for opportunities to work well with other building systems? Will this have adverse effects on the building? Luckily these potential techniques were all chosen with the idea of integration in mind and thus will all likely work well when integrated within the overall building system.

CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS - COLE O’BRIEN ADE 522 – ADVANCED ARCHITECTURAL STUDIO – SPRING 2020

E N E RGY A N A LYS I S

M I DT E R M R E V I E W

NOVUS Fire Station Midterm Review Cole Oâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Brien

Site Planning Alternatives

VUS Fire Station dterm Review e Oâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Brien

Axon

NOVUS Fire Station Midterm Review Cole O’Brien

SCBA Storage

Training Room

Captains Oﬃce

EMS Storage

EDC Closet Inside Sotrage Exterior Courtyard

Turnouts Sotrage

Day Break Room

Dining/ Kitchen

NOVUS Fire Station Midterm Review Cole O’Brien

First Floor - Fire Station

1’=1/16” Battalion Oﬃce

Battalion Oﬃce

Alt. Battalion Oﬃce Response Battalion Chief Oﬃce

Radio Station Oﬃce

Gym / Fitness Room

NOVUS Fire Station Midterm Review Cole Oâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Brien

Exploded Structure

P RO G R E S S I M AG E S

Negative In Between Positive

T H A N K YO U