Experimental Animal Farm by Colleen Hogan

AN IMAL FAR M George Orwell

V F

AN I M

A L V FAR M

GEORGE ORWELL

Mr. Jones

of the Manor Farm, had locked the hen-house for the night, but was too drunk to remember to shut the popholes. With the ring of light from his lantern dancing from side to side, he lurched across the yard, kicked off his boots at the back door, drew himself a last glass of beer from the barrel in the scullery, and made his way up to bed, where Mrs. Jones was already snoring. As soon as the light in the bedroom went out there was a stirring and a fluttering all through the farm buildings. Word had gone round during the day that old Major, the prize Middle White boar, had a stange dream on the previous night and wished to communicate it to the other animals. It had been agreed that they should all meet in the big barn as soon as Mr. Jones was safely out of the way. Old Major (so he was always called, though the name under which he had been exhibited was Washington Beauty) was so highly regarded on the farm that everyone was quite ready to lose an hour’s sleep in order to hear what he had to say. At one end of the big barn, on a sort of raised platform, Major was already ensconced on his bed of straw, under a lantern which hung from a beam. He was twelve years old and had lately grown rather stout, but he was still a majestic-looking pig, with a wise and benevolent appearance in spite of the fact that his tushes had never been cut. Before long the other animals began to arrive and make themselves comfortable after their different fashions. First came the three dogs, Bluebell, Jessie, and Pincher, and then the pigs, who settled down in the straw immediately in front of the platform. The hens perched themselves on the window-sills, the pigeons fluttered up to the rafters, the sheep and cows lay down behind the pigs and began to chew the cud. The two cart-horses, Boxer and Clover, came in together, walking very slowly and setting down their vast hairy hoofs with great care lest there should small animal

ANIMAL FARM, CHAPTER 1 concealed in the straw. Clover was a stout motherly mare approaching middle life, who had never quite got her figure nack after her fourth foal. Boxer was an enormous beast, nearly eighteen hands high, and as strong as any two ordinary horses put together. A white stripe down his nose gave him a somewhat stupid appearance, and in fact he was not of first-rate intelligence, but he was universally respected for his steadiness of character and tremendous powers of work. After the horses came Muriel, the white goat, and Benjamin, the donkey. Benjamin was the oldest animal on the farm, and the worst tempered. He seldom talked, and when he did, it was usually to make some cynical remark--for instance, he would say that God had given him a tail to keep the flies off, but that he would sooner have had no tail and no flies. Alone among the animals on the farm he never laughed. If asked why, he would say that he saw nothing to laugh at. Nevertheless, without openly admitting it, he was devoted to Boxer; the two of them usually spent their Sundays together in the small paddock beyond the orchard, grazzing side by side and never speaking. The two horses had just lain down when a brood of ducklings, which had lost their mother, filed into the barn, cheeping feebly and wandering from side to side to find some place where they would not be trodden on. Clover made a sort of wall round them with her great foreleg, and the ducklings nestled down inside it and promptly fell asleep. At the last moment Mollie, the foolish, pretty white mare who drew Mr. Jones’s trap, came mincing daintly in, chewing at a lump of sugar. She took a place near the front and began flirting her white mane, hoping to draw attention to the red ribbons it was plaited with. Last of all came the cat, who looked round, as usual, for the warmest place, and finally squeezed herself in between Boxer and Clover; there she purred contentedly throughout Major’s speech without listening to a word of what he was saying. All the animals were now present except Moses, the tame raven, who slept on a perch behind the back door. When Major saw that they had all made themselves comfortable and were waiting attentively, he cleared his throat and began: “Comrades, you have heard already about the strange dream that I had last night. But I will come to the dream later. I have something else to say first. I do not think, comrades, that I shall be with you for many months longer, and before I die, I feel it my duty to pass on to you such wisdom as I have acquired. I have had a long life, I have had much time for thought as I lay alone in my stall, and I think I may say that I understand the nature of life on this earth as well as any animal now living. It is about this that I wish to speak to you. “Now, comrades, what is the nature of this life of ours? Let us face it: our lives are miserable, laborious, and short. We are born, we are given just so much food as will keep the breath in our bodies, and those of us who are capable of it are forced to work to the last atom of our strength; and the very instant that our usefulness has come to an end we are slaughtered with hideous cruelty. No animal in England knows

GEORGE ORWELL

Mr. Jones

of the Manor $%, had locked the m-house for the night, but was too drunk to remember to shut the popholes. With the ring of light from his lantern dancing from side to side, he lurched across the yard, kicked off his boots at the back door, drew himself a last glass of beer from the barrel in the scullery, and made his way up to bed, where Mrs. Jones was already snoring. As soon as the light in the bedroom went out there was a stirring and a fluttering all through the $% buildings. Word had gone round during the day that old Major, the prize Middle White Q, had a stange dream on the previous night and wished to communicate it to the other animals. It had been agreed that they should all meet in the big . as soon as was g safely out of the way. Q (so he was always called, though the name under which he had been exhibited was Washington Beauty) was so highly regarded on the $% that everyone was quite ready to lose an hour’s sleep in order to hear what he had to say. At one end of the big ., on a sort of raised platform, Q was already ensconced on his bed of straw, under a lantern which hung from a beam. He was twelve years old and had lately grown rather stout, but he was still a majestic-looking V, with a wise and benevolent appearance in spite of the fact that his tushes had never been cut. Before long the other animals began to arrive and make themselves comfortable after their different fashions. First came the three z, Bluebell, Jessie, and Pincher, and then the V, who settled down in the { immediately in front of the platform. The m perched themselves on the window-sills, the t fluttered up to the rafters, the P and A lay down behind the V and began to chew the cud. The two cart-b, Boxer and Clover, came in together, walking very slowly and setting down their vast hairy hoofs with great care lest there should small animal concealed in the {

ANIMAL FARM, CHAPTER 1 Clover was a stout motherly f approaching middle life, who had never quite got her figure back after her fourth foal. Boxer was an enormous beast, nearly eighteen hands high, and as strong as any two ordinary b put together. A white stripe down his nose gave him a somewhat stupid appearance, and in fact he was not of first-rate intelligence, but he was universally respected for his steadiness of character and tremendous powers of work. After the b came Muriel, the white X, and Benjamin, the 6. Benjamin was the oldest animal on the $%, and the worst tempered. He seldom talked, and when he did, it was usually to make some cynical remark--for instance, he would say that God had given him a tail to keep the flies off, but that he would sooner have had no tail and no flies. Alone among the animals on the $% he never laughed. If asked why, he would say that he saw nothing to laugh at. Nevertheless, without openly admitting it, he was devoted to Boxer; the two of them usually spent their Sundays together in the small paddock beyond the orchard, grazzing side by side and never speaking. The two b had just lain down when a brood of v, which had lost their mother, filed into the ., cheeping feebly and wandering from side to side to find some place where they would not be trodden on. Clover made a sort of wall round them with her great foreleg, and the v nestled down inside it and promptly fell asleep. At the last moment Mollie, the foolish, pretty white f who drew g trap, came mincing daintly in, chewing at a lump of sugar. She took a place near the front and began flirting her white mane, hoping to draw attention to the red ribbons it was plaited with. Last of all came the x, who looked round, as usual, for the warmest place, and finally squeezed herself in between Boxer and Clover; there she purred contentedly throughout Major’s speech without listening to a word of what he was saying. All the animals were now present except Moses, the tame o, who slept on a perch behind the back door. When Q saw that they had all made themselves comfortable and were waiting attentively, he cleared his throat and began: “Comrades, you have heard already about the strange dream that I had last night. But I will come to the dream later. I have something else to say first. I do not think, comrades, that I shall be with you for many months longer, and before I die, I feel it my duty to pass on to you such wisdom as I have acquired. I have had a long life, I have had much time for thought as I lay alone in my ., and I think I may say that I understand the nature of life on this earth as well as any animal now living. It is about this that I wish to speak to you. “Now, comrades, what is the nature of this life of ours? Let us face it: our lives are miserable, laborious, and short. We are born, we are given just so much } as will keep the breath in our bodies, and those of us who are capable of it are forced to work to the last atom of our strength; and the very instant that our usefulness has come to an end we are slaughtered with hideous cruelty. No animal in England knows the

GEORGE ORWELL

Mr. Jones

ANIMAL FARM, CHAPTER 1 settled down in the straw immediately in front of the platform. The hens perched themselves on the window-sills, the pigeons fluttered up to the rafters, the sheep and cows lay down behind the pigs and began to chew the cud. The two cart-horses, Boxer and Clover, came in together, walking very slowly and setting down their vast hairy hoofs with great care lest there should small animal concealed in the straw. Clover was a stout motherly mare approaching middle life, who had never quite got her figure nack after her fourth foal. Boxer was an enormous beast, nearly eighteen hands high, and as strong as any two ordinary horses put together. A white stripe down his nose gave him a somewhat stupid appearance, and in fact he was not of first-rate intelligence, but he was universally respected for his steadiness of character and tremendous powers of work. After the horses came Muriel, the white goat, and Benjamin, the donkey. Benjamin was the oldest animal on the farm, and the worst tempered. He seldom talked, and when he did, it was usually to make some cynical remark--for instance, he would say that God had given him a tail to keep the flies off, but that he would sooner have had no tail and no flies. Alone among the animals on the farm he never laughed. If asked why, he would say that he saw nothing to laugh at. Nevertheless, without openly admitting it, he was devoted to Boxer; the two of them usually spent their Sundays together in the small paddock beyond the orchard, grazzing side by side and never speaking. The two horses had just lain down when a brood of ducklings, which had lost their mother, filed into the barn, cheeping feebly and wandering from side to side to find some place where they would not be trodden on. Clover made a sort of wall round them with her great foreleg, and the ducklings nestled down inside it and promptly fell asleep. At the last moment Mollie, the foolish, pretty white mare who drew Mr. Jones’s trap, came mincing daintly in, chewing at a lump of sugar. She tooka place near the front and began flirting her white mane, hoping to draw attention to the red ribbons it was plaited with. Last of all came the cat, who looked round, as usual, for the warm estplace, and finally squeezed herself in between Boxer and Clover; there she purred contentedly throughout Major’s speech without listening to a word of what he was saying. All the animals were now present except Moses, the tame raven, who slept on a perch behind the back door. When Major saw that they had all made themselves comfortable and were waiting attentively, he cleared his throat and began: “Comrades, you have heard already about the strange dream

GEORGE ORWELL

Mr. Jones

ANIMAL FARM, CHAPTER 1 Jones was safely out of the way. Old Major (so he was always called, though the name under which he had been exhibited was Washington Beauty) was so highly regarded on the farm that everyone was quite ready to lose an hour’s sleep in order to hear what he had to say. At one end of the big barn, on a sort of raised platform, Major was already ensconced on his bed of straw, under a lantern which hung from a beam. He was twelve years old and had lately grown rather stout, but he was still a majestic-looking pig, with a wise and benevolent appearance in spite of the fact that his tushes had never been cut. Before long the other animals began to arrive and make themselves comfortable after their different fashions. First came the three dogs, Bluebell, Jessie, and Pincher, and then the pigs, who settled down in the straw immediately in front of the platform. The hens perched themselves on the window-sills, the pigeons fluttered up to the rafters, the sheep and cows lay down behind the pigs and began to chew the cud. The two cart-horses, Boxer and Clover, came in together, walking very slowly and setting down their vast hairy hoofs with great care lest there should small animalconcealed in the straw. Clover was a stout motherly mare approaching mid-

GEORGE ORWELL

Mr. Jones

ANIMAL FARM, CHAPTER 1 the name under which he had been exhibited was Washington Beauty) was so highly regarded on the farm that everyone was quite ready to lose an hour’s sleep in order to hear what he had to say. At one end of the big barn, on a sort of raised platform, Major was already ensconced on his bed of straw, under a lantern which hung from a beam. He was twelve years old and had lately grown rather stout, but he was still a majestic-looking pig, with a wise and benevolent appearance in spite of the fact that his tushes had never been cut. Before long the other animals began to arrive and make themselves comfortable after their different fashions. First came the three dogs, Bluebell, Jessie, and Pincher, and then the pigs, who settled down in the straw immediately in front of the platform. The hens perched themselves on the window-sills, the pigeons fluttered up to the rafters, the sheep and cows lay down behind the pigs and began to chew the cud. The two cart-horses, Boxer and Clover, came in together, walking very slowly and setting down their vast hairy hoofs with great care lest there should small animal concealed in the straw. Clover was a stout motherly mare approaching middle life, who had never quite got her figure nack after her fourth foal. Boxer was an enormous beast, nearly eighteen hands high, and as strong as any two ordinary horses put together. A white stripe down his nose gave him a somewhat stupid appearance,

GEORGE ORWELL

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Mr. Jones

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ANIMAL FARM, CHAPTER 1

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Clover was a stout motherly f approaching middle life, who had never quite got her figure back after her fourth foal. Boxer was an enormous beast, nearly eighteen hands high, and as strong as any two ordinary b put together. A white stripe down his nose gave him a somewhat stupid appearance, and in fact he was not of first-rate intelligence, but he was universally respected for his steadiness of character and tremendous powers of work. After the b came Muriel, the white X, and Benjamin, the 6. Benjamin was the oldest animal on the $%, and the worst tempered. He seldom talked, and when he did, it was usually to make some cynical remark--for instance, he would say that God had given him a tail to keep the flies off, but that he would sooner have had no tail and no flies. Alone among the animals on the $% he never laughed. If asked why, he would say that he saw nothing to laugh at. Nevertheless, without openly admitting it, he was devoted to Boxer; the two of them usually spent their Sundays together in the small paddock beyond the orchard, grazzing side by side and never speaking. The two b had just lain down when a brood of v, which had lost their mother, filed into the ., cheeping feebly and wandering from side to side to find some place where they would not be trodden on. Clover made a sort of wall round them with her great foreleg, and the v nestled down inside it and promptly fell asleep. At the last moment Mollie, the foolish, pretty white f who drew g trap, came mincing daintly in, chewing at a lump of sugar. She took a place near the front and began flirting her white mane, hoping to draw attention to the red ribbons it was plaited with. Last of all came the x, who looked round, as usual, for the warmest place, and finally squeezed herself in between Boxer and Clover; there she purred contentedly throughout Major’s speech without listening to a word of what he was saying. All the animals were now present except Moses, the tame o, who slept on a perch behind the back door. When Q saw that they had all made themselves comfortable and were waiting attentively, he cleared his throat and began: “Comrades, you have heard already about the strange dream that I had last night. But I will come to the dream later. I have something else to say first. I do not think, comrades, that I shall be with you for many months longer, and before I die, I feel it my duty to pass on to you such wisdom as I have acquired. I have had a long life, I have had much time for thought as I lay alone in my ., and I think I may say that I understand the nature of life on this earth as well as any animal now living. It is about this that I wish to speak to you. “Now, comrades, what is the nature of this life of ours? Let us face it: our lives are miserable, laborious, and short. We are born, we are given just so much } as will keep the breath in our bodies, and those of us who are capable of it are forced to work to the last atom of our strength; and the very instant that our usefulness has come to an end we are slaughtered with hideous cruelty. No animal in England knows the

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GEORGE ORWELL

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of the Manor $%, had locked the m-house for the night, but was too drunk to remember to shut the popholes. With the ring of light from his lantern dancing from side to side, he lurched across the yard, kicked off his boots at the back door, drew himself a last glass of beer from the barrel in the scullery, and made his way up to bed, where Mrs. Jones was already snoring. As soon as the light in the bedroom went out there was a stirring and a fluttering all through the $% buildings. Word had gone round during the day that old Major, the prize Middle White, had a stange dream on the previous night and wished to communicate it to the other animals. It had been agreed that they should all meet in the big w as soon as was safely out of the way. Major (so he was always called, though the name under which he had been exhibited was Washington Beauty) was so highly regarded on the $% that everyone was quite ready to lose an hour’s sleep in order to hear what he had to say. At one end of the big ., on a sort of raised platform, Q was already ensconced on his bed of straw, under a lantern which hung from a beam. He was twelve years old and had lately grown rather stout, but he was still a majestic-looking , with a wise and benevolent appearance in spite of the fact that his tushes had never been cut. Before long the other animals began to arrive and make themselves comfortable after their different fashions. First came the three , Bluebell, Jessie, and Pincher, and then the , who settled down in the { immediately in front of the platform. The perched themselves on the window-sills, the fluttered up to the rafters, the P and A lay down behind the and began to chew the cud. The two cart-b, Boxer and Clover, came in together, walking very slowly and setting down their vast hairy hoofs with great care lest there should small animal concealed in the { Clover was a

stout motherly approaching middle life, who had never quite got her figure back after her fourth foal. Boxer was an enormous beast, nearly eighteen hands high, and as strong as any two ordinary put together. A white stripe down his nose gave him a somewhat stupid appearance, and in fact he was not of first-rate intelligence, but he was universally respected for his steadiness of character and tremendous powers of work. After the b came Muriel, the white X, and Benjamin, the 6. Benjamin was the oldest animal on the , and the worst tempered. He seldom talked, and when he did, it was usually to make some cynical remark--for instance, he would say that God had given him a tail to keep the flies off, but that he would sooner have had no tail and no flies. Alone among the animals on the farm he never laughed. If asked why, he would say that he saw nothing to laugh at. Nevertheless, without openly admitting it, he was devoted to Boxer; the two of them usually spent their Sundays together in the small paddock beyond the orchard, grazzing side by side and never speaking. The two horses had just lain down when a brood of v, which had lost their mother, filed into the ., cheeping feebly and wandering from side to side to find some place where they would not be trodden on. Clover made a sort of wall round them with her great foreleg, and the v nestled down inside it and promptly fell asleep. At the last moment Mollie, the foolish, pretty white f who drew trap, came mincing daintly in, chewing at a lump of sugar. She took a place near thegfront and began flirting her white mane, hoping to draw attention to the red ribbons it was plaited with. Last of all came the x, who looked round, as usual, for the warmest place, and finally squeezed herself in between Boxer and Clover; there she purred contentedly throughout Major’s speech without listening to a word of what he was saying. All the animals were now present except Moses, the tame o, who slept on a perch behind the back door. When Q saw that they had all made themselves comfortable and were waiting attentively, he cleared his throat and began: “Comrades, you have heard already about the strange dream that I had last night. But I will come to the dream later. I have something else to say first. I do not think, comrades, that I shall be with you for many months longer, and before I die, I feel it my duty to pass on to you such wisdom as I have acquired. I have had a long life, I have had much time for thought as I lay alone in my ., and I think I may say that I understand the nature of life on this earth as well as any animal now living. It is about this that I wish to speak to you. “Now, comrades, what is the nature of this life of ours? Let us face it: our lives are miserable, laborious, and short. We are born, we are given just so much } as will keep the breath in our bodies, and those of us who are capable of it are forced to work A to the last atom of our strength; and the very instant that our usefulness has come to an end we are slaughtered with hideous cruelty. No animal in England knows the

ANIMAL FARM, CHAPTER 1

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GEORGE ORWELL

Mr. JonesFarm

of the Manor , had locked the hen-house for the night, but was too drunk to remember to shut the popholes. With the ring of light from his lantern dancing from side to side, he lurched ac ross the yard, kicked off his bo th e back door, drew himself a last glass of beer from the barrel in the sc ullery, and made his way up to bed, where Mrs. Jones was already snoring.

Pigs

Old Major

As soon as the light in thebedroom went Death To all Humans out there was a stirring anda flut tering all through the farm buildings. Word had gone round during the day that old Major, the prize Middle White had a stange dream on the previous night and wished to communicate it to the other animals. It had been agreed that they should all meet in the big

boar,

ANIMAL FARM, CHAPTER 1

barn as soon as

Mr. Jones Old Major

was safely out of the way. (so he was always called, though the name under which he had been exhibited was Washington Beauty) was so highly re garded on the farm that everyone was quite ready to lose an hour’s sleep in order to hear what he had to say. At one end of the on a sort of raised platform, was already ensconced on his bed of straw, under a lantern which hung from a beam. He was twelve years old and had lately grown rather stout, but he was still a majestic-looking with a wise and benevolent appearance in spite of the fact that his tushes had never been cut. Before long the other began to arrive and make themselves comfortable after their different fas hions. First came the Bluebell, Jessie, and Pincher, and then the who settled down in the straw immediately in front of the platform. The perched themselves on the windowsills, the fluttered up to the rafters, the and lay down behind the and began to chew the cud. The two Boxer and Clover, came in together, walking very slowly and setting down their vast hairy hoofs with great care lest there should small concealed in the straw. Clover was a stout motherly approaching middle life, who had never quite got her figure nack after her fourth foal. Boxer was an enormous

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V GEORGE ORWELL

Mr. JonesFarm of the Manor

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Pigs

from the barrel in Old Major the sc ullery, and made his way up to bed, where Mrs. Jones was already snoring. As soon as the light in Deaththebedroom To all Humans went a last glass of beer

ANIMAL FARM, CHAPTER 1

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V GEORGE ORWELL

Mr. JonesFarm

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ANIMAL FARM, CHAPTER 1

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te r ing a l l r o u g h eld fia rg ms. i n r d h au dnd n e r o r int gha tt h e y o l d jo r , t h e i z e M i d d l e i t e bo ar , h a d s ang e re eta m o n p r e v i o u s g h t a n d shed to te r ing a l l h r o u g h h e f a rg m u i l d i n s . o r d h a d o ni eng rot u n d u r h e a y t h a t o l d a jo r , t h e r z e M i d d l e hi i t e bo ar , h a d stange

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f r rg g , v j o d da d u n b u g y a n u d s n md p h g t j d lc i h n a d l r l s W t da d h a i das ol h a i d u z f f v s, saf d n i aj ri go g t n o teMd r n n t , s n a g e es. he t m hr st e h s t vef fns cn d a h a th e i e a jboMi a n r ghf k a a h o i d r g d ,d e n n d t mreno d p v h oo -ho k e m a f m l r as a bu g s h dd u n m m k e e a ru v u s s g ni f de h l v ;gde ud a p k a n o o f a l o l d g o r w f n f t d d n th F n f u pho v o a th n iisin ih r e zold od a h e n u c g r m Ma l i meg n tlo rm e M e o ng c i jo gi o; a m ad , s m tcie g h k b s h e h v h no e d t f ce f r, tnglnea . t t a e r e r t , f t t d r o h m h rom sd a d h a b tn eo eb M o . t a e t u d e i s a d h o t i n sh t he W v d a d i w e ft h i e r g s a th u , d prd, t c l h Wt a as r r i o e a r m o s ntrth l r o n ab m ra i er d e no g e o se d o k r d ,u e P , da n u d kb s igv ic sd u y a n u o s h d w n a k p i h g t t d l i i r e e h n t a e sh at o l r h iw d W h g dld h i u c o l h ld du i a z a hed es ofae n g r M i s i d f a e j t or in o gs t t s oba h n th s of mtse t , el c khret e Mthg e . e n a be f cai e a ld e nbo i e the g a d o b e h M r g a , r t p d h e m m , ajor l r a a r n m e e r t d v ud y and he e w n i io

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m g g a g a z r t o s d , l t e h u e . t l h t e n a tering dle all gglevgjc s a a h t had hrough the d d M t b n h rm buildings. o h e i ,gndsafn d p rd on had gone a l g the t Mrs. we round during d e r d ious und during r o e , . m he n e h o he d e snafdsma l d prize Middle rize Middle a e h a u v White boar, l d hite boar, had n had at stange d e v adjkda;g i o l stange t le dream on e d e o ream on t n d the previous o d he previous g d u afdsmafnm ni h i a s n a d d us m fksdn mfd t h h n i Farm , d fna vnd l t tering all r es o M n t h the through the a , ngs. farm buildings. e o ng all ;adav sdka o ne Word had gone t ough the t b rounde during g buildings. e h a e he had gone r t m ddle Middle e he nhprize i during r had White boar, had n o a stange g e t a b e Middle on dream on e boar, had u ious the previous t i f ange W u ni a l am on a o sprevious g d r r gtthrough i m tering all d e o n the rld n g farm buildings. barrel s Word e had h gone u a . round during h the r or the sc d d he r i ngs. a o n prize Middle one and made y u M g White boar, had g n a stange a e up to d t dream on j t pddle o the previous h had h re ron r ni a i e , z t h ious ite Mth ol e e the

ANIMAL FARM, CHAPTER 1

e day that old Major, hed that old toMajor, t ate

the t

ght andwished wishedtoto g ht and communicate it

re ea m o n h p r e v i o u s i g h t a n d ished to

ommunicate o the other animals. t to had been of the Manor agreed te hat they should , had ll meet in the big locked the rn as soon as Mr. Jones e night, but was as safely out of ember to shut he way. Old Major (so he les. With the as always the omthe his lantern called, hough the name day that old Major, t e to side, which he under he the ad been exhibited was ross Major, t the ashington Beauty) was icked off re garded o highly n the farm that th eto back veryone was quite hed ght and wished to eady to communicate lose an hour’s himself a ate leep in order to and wished to of beer hear what he had to municate ay. At one end of the g barn, on a sort of aised platform, Major the day that old Major, t as already ensconced n his bed of straw, under the lantern which hung rom a beam. He was twelve years old and ght and had wished to lately grown communicate ather stout, but he shed to 2 cate

GEORGE ORWELL

V Mr. JonesV V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V of the Manor $%, had locked the m-house for the night, but was too drunk to remember to shut the popholes. With the ring of light from his lantern dancing from side to side, he lurched across the yard, kicked off his boots at the back door, drew himself a last glass of beer from the barrel in the scullery, and made his way up to bed, where Mrs. Jones was already snoring. As soon as the light in the bedroom went out there was a stirring and a fluttering all through the $% buildings. Word had gone round during the day that old Major, the prize Middle White Q, had a stange dream on the previous night and wished to communicate it to the other animals. It had been agreed that they should all meet in the big . as soon as was g safely out of the way. Q (so he was always called, though the name under which he had been exhibited was Washington Beauty) was so highly regarded on the $% that everyone was quite ready to lose an hour’s sleep in order to hear what he had to say. At one end of the big ., on a sort of raised platform, Q was already ensconced on his bed of straw, under a lantern which hung from a beam. He was twelve years old and had lately grown rather stout, but he was still a majestic-looking V, with a wise and benevolent appearance in spite of the fact that his tushes had never been cut. Before long the other animals began to arrive and make themselves comfortable after their different fashions. First came the three z, Bluebell, Jessie, and Pincher, and then the V, who settled down in the { immediately in front of the platform. The m perched themselves on the window-sills, the t fluttered up to the rafters, the P and A lay down behind the V and began to chew the cud. The two cart-b, Boxer and Clover, came in together, walking very slowly and setting down their vast hairy hoofs with great care lest there should small animal concealed in the {

ANIMAL FARM, CHAPTER 1

V V V V V V V V xv m x V V t X z f z f x 6 v 6 t 6 6 Q v A t v A Q A X f X X z v x 6 6 v z t v V m VtX 6 Q v A Q6f x z 6 6 v 6 v t v Q f A V Q6v x V m t X Q 6 v v m f z V vtQA 6 V m V V 6vz V V V V VV V Clover was a stout motherly f approaching middle life, who had never quite got her figure back after her fourth foal. Boxer was an enormous beast, nearly eighteen hands high, and as strong as any two ordinary b put together. A white stripe down his nose gave him a somewhat stupid appearance, and in fact he was not of first-rate intelligence, but he was universally respected for his steadiness of character and tremendous powers of work. After the b came Muriel, the white X, and Benjamin, the 6. Benjamin was the oldest animal on the $%, and the worst tempered. He seldom talked, and when he did, it was usually to make some cynical remark--for instance, he would say that God had given him a tail to keep the flies off, but that he would sooner have had no tail and no flies. Alone among the animals on the $% he never laughed. If asked why, he would say that he saw nothing to laugh at. Nevertheless, without openly admitting it, he was devoted to Boxer; the two of them usually spent their Sundays together in the small paddock beyond the orchard, grazzing side by side and never speaking. The two b had just lain down when a brood of v, which had lost their mother, filed into the ., cheeping feebly and wandering from side to side to find some place where they would not be trodden on. Clover made a sort of wall round them with her great foreleg, and the v nestled down inside it and promptly fell asleep. At the last moment Mollie, the foolish, pretty white f who drew g trap, came mincing daintly in, chewing at a lump of sugar. She took a place near the front and began flirting her white mane, hoping to draw attention to the red ribbons it was plaited with. Last of all came the x, who looked round, as usual, for the warmest place, and finally squeezed herself in between Boxer and Clover; there she purred contentedly throughout Major’s speech without listening to a word of what he was saying. All the animals were now present except Moses, the tame o, who slept on a perch behind the back door. When Q saw that they had all made themselves comfortable and were waiting attentively, he cleared his throat and began: “Comrades, you have heard already about the strange dream that I had last night. But I will come to the dream later. I have something else to say first. I do not think, comrades, that I shall be with you for many months longer, and before I die, I feel it my duty to pass on to you such wisdom as I have acquired. I have had a long life, I have had much time for thought as I lay alone in my ., and I think I may say that I understand the nature of life on this earth as well as any animal now living. It is about this that I wish to speak to you. “Now, comrades, what is the nature of this life of ours? Let us face it: our lives are miserable, laborious, and short. We are born, we are given just so much } as will keep the breath in our bodies, and those of us who are capable of it are forced to work to the last atom of our strength; and the very instant that our usefulness has come to an end we are slaughtered with hideous cruelty. No animal in England knows the

GEORGE ORWELL

ANIMAL FARM, CHAPTER 1

V V V V V V V xv m x V V t X z f z f x 6 v 6 t 6 6 Q v A t v A Q A X f X X z v x 6 6 v z t v V m V tX 6 Q v A Q6 f x z 6 6 v 6 v t v f A V Q6vxQ V t X Q 6 v v f z V 6 tQA v V m V V 6 vz V V V V VV V V

GEORGE ORWELL

V V Mr. Jones V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V of the Manor $%, had locked the m-house for the night, but was too drunk to remember to shut the popholes. With the ring of light from his lantern dancing from side to side, he lurched across the yard, kicked off his boots at the back door, drew himself a last glass of beer from the barrel in the scullery, and made his way up to bed, where Mrs. Jones was already snoring. As soon as the light in the bedroom went out there was a stirring and a fluttering all through the $% buildings. Word had gone round during the day that old Major, the prize Middle White Q, had a stange dream on the previous night and wished to communicate it to the other animals. It had been agreed that they should all meet in the big . as soon as was g safely out of the way. Q (so he was always called, though the name under which he had been exhibited was Washington Beauty) was so highly regarded on the $% that everyone was quite ready to lose an hour’s sleep in order to hear what he had to say. At one end of the big ., on a sort of raised platform, Q was already ensconced on his bed of straw, under a lantern which hung from a beam. He was twelve years old and had lately grown rather stout, but he was still a majestic-looking V, with a wise and benevolent appearance in spite of the fact that his tushes had never been cut. Before long the other animals began to arrive and make themselves comfortable after their different fashions. First came the three z, Bluebell, Jessie, and Pincher, and then the V, who settled down in the { immediately in front of the platform. The m perched themselves on the window-sills, the t fluttered up to the rafters, the P and A lay down behind the V and began to chew the cud. The two cart-b, Boxer and Clover, came in together, walking very slowly and setting down their vast hairy hoofs with great care lest there should small animal concealed in the {

ANIMAL FARM, CHAPTER 1

V V V m v V x x V X z f z f x 6 vv 6 t V t 6 6 Q v A t g A Q A X f X X z V v x V m tX 6 6 v m z t v 6 Q v A Q6f x z V 6v 6 6 v t v Q f A Q6v V x m t X Q 6 v v m f z 6 t v Q A V 6 V vm z V V V V V V V 2

GEORGE ORWELL

666

X Mr. z gs

V Jones

the Manor Farm had locked the m-house for the night, but was too drunk to much to remember to shut the popholes. With the ring of light from his lantern dancing from side to side, he lurched across the yard, kicked off his boots at the back door, drew himself a last glass of beer from the barrel in the scullery, and made his way up to bed, where Mrs. Jones was already snoring. As soon as the light in the bedroom went out there was a stirring and a fluttering all through the Farm buildings. Word had gone round during the day that old Major, the prize Middle White Q, had a stange dream on the previous night and wished to communicate it to the other g animals. It had been agreed that they should all meet in the big . as soon as was safely out of the way. Q (so he was always called, though the name under which he had been exhibited was Washington Beauty) was so highly regarded on the barn that everyone was quite ready to lose an hour’s sleep in order to hear what he had to say. At one end of the big ., on a sort of raised platform, Q was already ensconced on his bed of straw, under a lantern which hung from a beam. He was twelve years old and had lately grown rather stout, but he was still a majestic-looking V, with a wise and benevolent appearance in spite of the fact that his tushes had never been cut. Before long the other animals began to arrive and make themselves comfortable after their different fashions. First came the three z, Bluebell, Jessie, and Pincher, and then the V, who settled down in the hay immediately in front of the platform. The m perched themselves on the window-sills, the hens

V V PIgs V V ReBelLIoN V V Xz V V V V V VV V V

FOO V 1

V V V DEATH m WaaaAr v V x K V tvx NoO V V SToP v XD 69 V

ANIMAL FARM, CHAPTER 1

V V

fluttered up to the rafters, the P and A lay down behind the V and began to chew the cud. The two cart-b, Boxer and Clover, came in together, walking very slowly and setting down their vast hairy hoofs with great care lest there should small animal concealed in the { Clover was a stout motherly f approaching middle life, who had never quite got her figure back after her fourth foal. Boxer was an enormous beast, nearly eighteen hands high, and as strong as any two ordinary b put together. A white stripe down his nose gave him a somewhat stupid appearance, and in fact he was not of first-rate intelligence, but he was universally respected for his steadiness of character and tremendous powers of work. After the b came Muriel, the white X, and Benjamin, the 6. Benjamin was the oldest animal on the $%, and the worst tempered. He seldom talked, and when he did, it was usually to make some cynical remark--for instance, he would say that God had given him a tail to keep the flies off, but that he would sooner have had no tail and no flies. Alone among the animals on the $% he never laughed. If asked why, he would say that he saw nothing to laugh at. Nevertheless, without openly admitting it, he was devoted to Boxer; the two of them usually spent their Sundays together in the small paddock gbeyond the orchard, grazzing side by side and never speaking. The two b had just lain down when a brood of v, which had lost their mother, filed into the ., cheeping feebly and wandering from side to side to find some place where they would not be trodden on. Clover made a sort of wall round them with her great foreleg, and the v nestled down inside it and promptly fell asleep. At the last moment Mollie, the foolish, pretty white f who drew trap, came mincing daintly in, chewing at a lump of sugar. She took a place near the front and began flirting her white mane, hoping to draw attention to the red ribbons it was plaited with. Last of all came the x, who looked round, as usual, for the warmest place, and finally squeezed herself in between Boxer and Clover; there she purred contentedly throughout Major’s speech without listening to a word of what he was saying. All the animals were now present except Moses, the tame o, who slept on a perch behind the back door. When Q saw that they had all made themselves comfortable and were waiting attentively, he cleared his throat and began: “Comrades, you have heard already about the strange dream that I had last night. But I will come to the dream later. I have something else to say first. I do not think, comrades, that I shall be with you for many

FOOD

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vvKSTOP A t A Q A V DIE m V War V 6 v HUMAns z V V V V FOOD FOOD PIGS

GEORGE ORWELL

666

V Mr. Jones V S V V V PIgs V V V ReBelLIoN V V V V V V V V V V the Manor Farm had locked the m-house for the night, but was too drunk to much to remember to shut the popholes. With the ring of light from his lantern dancing from side to side, he lurched across the yard, kicked off his boots at the back door, drew himself a last glass of beer from the barrel in the scullery, and made his way up to bed, where Mrs. Jones was already snoring. As soon as the light in the bedroom went out there was a stirring and a fluttering all through the Farm buildings. Word had gone round during the day that old Major, the prize Middle White Q, had a stange dream on the previous night and wished to communicate it to the other g animals. It had been agreed that they should all meet in the big . as soon as was safely out of the way. Q (so he was always called, though the name under which he had been exhibited was Washington Beauty) was so highly regarded on the barn that everyone was quite ready to lose an hour’s sleep in order to hear what he had to say. At one end of the big ., on a sort of raised platform, Q was already ensconced on his bed of straw, under a lantern which hung from a beam. He was twelve years old and had lately grown rather stout, but he was still a majestic-looking V, with a wise and benevolent appearance in spite of the fact that his tushes had never been cut. Before long the other animals began to arrive and make themselves comfortable after their different fashions. First came the three z, Bluebell, Jessie, and Pincher, and then the V, who settled down in the hay immediately in front of the platform. The m perched themselves on the window-sills, the hens of

FOO V 1

V V V DEATH m WaaaAr v V x K V tvx NoO V V SToP v XD 69 V

ANIMAL FARM, CHAPTER 1

V V

FOOD

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vvKSTOP A t A Q A V DIE m V War V 6 v HUMAns z V V V V FOOD FOOD PIGS

GEORGE ORWELL

Mr. Jones VV kicked V V V V gon V wished V V V V V V hung V V VV V V V V of the Manor $%, had the m-house for the night, but was too drunk to remember to shut the popholes. With the ring of light from his lantern dancing from side to side, he lurched across the yard, off his boots at the back door, drew himself a last glass of beer from the barrel in the scullery, and made his way up to bed, where Mrs. Jones was already snoring. As soon as the light in the bedroom went out there was a stirring and a fluttering all through the $% buildings. Word had e round during the day that old Major, the prize Middle White Q, had a stange dream on the previous g night and to communicate it to the other animals. g It had been agreed that they should all meet in the big . as soon as was safely out of the way. Q (so he was always called, though the name under which he had been exhibited was Washington Beauty) was so highly regarded on the $% that everyone was quite ready to lose an hour’s sleep in order to hear what he had to say. At one end of the big ., on a sort of raised platform, Q was already on his bed of straw, under a lantern which from a beam. He was twelve years old and had lately grown rather stout, but he was still a majestic-looking V, with a wise and benevolent appearance in spite of the fact that his tushes had never been cut. Before long the other animals began to arrive and make themselves comfortable after their different fashions. First came the three z, Bluebell, Jessie, and Pincher, and then the V, who settled down in the { immediately in front of the platform. The m perched themselves on the window-sills, the t fluttered up to the rafters, the P and A lay down behind the V and began to chew the cud. The two cart-b, Boxer and Clover, came in

locked

ensconced

V V V V ordinary V V V V xv m x V V t X z f z f x 6 v 6 t 6 6 Q v A t v g A Q A X f X X z v x 6 6 v m t z t v Vm 6 Q v A Q 6 X x V f z V 6 6 v 6 v t v Q f A 66 x V began Q m t v X Q v v m f z V 6 tQ v V A m V 6 v V z V Vbefore I die, I VV V V miserable, V ANIMAL FARM, CHAPTER 1

there should small animal concealed in the { Clover was a stout motherly f approaching middle life, who had never quite got her figure back after her fourth

foal. Boxer was an enormous beast, nearly eighteen hands high, and as strong as any two b put together. A white stripe down his nose gave him a somewhat stupid appearance, and in fact he was not of first-rate intelligence, but he was universally respected for his steadiness of character and tremendous powers of work. After the b came Muriel, the white X, and Benjamin, the Benjamin was the oldest animal on the $%, and the worst tempered. He seldom talked, and when he did, it was usually to make cynical remark--for instance, he would say that God had given him a tail to keep the flies off, but that he would sooner have had no tail and no flies. Alone among the animals on the $% he never laughed. If asked why, he would say that he saw nothing to laugh at. without openly admitting it, he was devoted to Boxer; the two of them usually spent their Sundays together in the small paddock beyond the orchard, grazzing side by side and never speaking. The two b had just lain down when a brood of v, which had lost their mother, filed into the ., cheeping feebly and wandering from side to side to find some place where they would not be trodden on. Clover made a sort of wall round them g g with her great foreleg, and the v nestled down inside it and promptly f g asleep. At the last moment Mollie, the foolish, pretty white f who drew trap, came mincing daintly in, chewing at a lump of sugar. She took a place near the front and flirting her white mane, hoping to draw attention to the red ribbons it was plaited with. Last of all came the x, who looked round, as usual, for the warmest place, and finally squeezed herself in between Boxer and Clover; there she purred contentedly throughout Major’s without listening to a word of what he was saying. All the animals were now present except Moses, the tame o, who slept on a perch behind the back door. When Q saw that they had all made themselves comfortable and were waiting attentively, he cleared his throat and began: “Comrades, you have heard already about the strange dream that I had last night. But I will come to the dream later. I have something else to say first. I do not think, comrades, that I shall be with you for many months longer, and feel it my duty to pass on to you such wisdom as I have acquired. I have had a long life, I have had much time for thought as I lay alone in my ., and I think I may say that I the nature of life on this earth as well as any animal now living. It is about this that I wish to speak to you. “Now, comrades, what is the nature of this of ours? Let us face it: our lives are

some

Nevertheless,

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speech

understand

life

laborious,

GEORGE ORWELL

V Mr.Jones Jones Mr. V V kicked V gon V V Wished V VV V V V hun VV V g Vthemselves V V V V of the$% Manor of the Manor , had$%, had locked the m-house forthe mbut -house the night, was for toothe drunk night, but was too drunk to remember to shut the popholes. With the ring of light from to remember to shut the popholes. With the ring of light from his lantern dancing from his lantern fromacross side tothe side, he lurched across the yard, hisback bootsdoor, at the side to side,dancing he lurched yard, off his bootsoff at the back door, drew himself a last glass of beer from the barrel in the scullery, and made drew himself a last glass of beer from the barrel in the scullery, and made his way up hisbed, way up to bed, Mrs.was Jones was already snoring. to where Mrwhere s. Jones already snoring. As soon as the light in the bedroom went out there was a stirring and a e round during thethat day fluttering all through the $% buildings. Word had gone round during the day thatMajor, old Major, the prize Middle White Q, ahad a stange dream on previous the previous old the prize Middle White Q, had stange dream on the night night and to communicate it to theit other It had been that they and to communicate to theanimals. other animals. It hadagreed been agreed that should all meet in theinbig as was safelysafely out ofout theofway. Q (so they should all meet the. bigas.soon as soon as was the way. Qhe (sowas he g always called, though the name under which he had exhibited was was Washington was always called, though the name under which he been had been exhibited Beauty) was so highly regarded on regarded the $% that waseveryone quite ready lose an Washington Beauty) was so highly on everyone the $% that wasto quite hour’sto sleep to sleep hear what he had to say. ready loseinanorder hour’s in order to hear what he had to say. At one end of the big ., on a sort of raised platform, Q was already onbed his bed of straw, under a lantern which ensconced on his of straw, under a lantern which hungfrom fromaabeam. beam.He He was twelve years old and had lately grown rather stout, but he was still a majestic-looking V, with a wise and benevolent appearance in spite of the fact that his tushes had never been cut. Before long the other animals began to arrive and make themselves comfortable after their different fashions. First came the three Bluebell,Jessie Jessie, and Pincher, and then , who settleddown downin inthethe{{ z, Bluebell, , and Pincher, and then thethe VV , who settled immediately in front of the platform. The m perched themselves on the onthe therafters, window-sills, the t to thethe rafters, window-sills, the t fluttered up to the P and Afluttered lay downup behind V the P and to Achew lay down the V began to chew cud. Theintwo and began thebehind cud. The twoand cartb, Boxer and the Clover, came together, cart-b,very Boxer andand Clover, in together, very slowly and setti nglest walking slowly setticame ng do wn theirwalking vast hairy hoofs with great care

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V V ordinary V 6. VV Vsome m V v x Nevertheless, x X z f z f x 6 v 6 t V t 6 6 Q v A t v g A Q A X m f X X z V V v x 6 6 v m t z t v 6 Q v ell A V 6v Q6 f X x z 6 6 v t v f A Q6vxQ V V began m t X Q 6 v v speech m f z 6 V V V v tQA m 6 v V z V before I I V V V life V V Miserable,

ANIMAL FARM, CHAPTER 1

there there shou should ld sm small all animal animal concealed concealed in in the the { { Clover Clover w was as a a st stout out motherly motherly f f approaching approaching middle middle life, life, who who had had never never quite quite got got h her er figure figure back back after after her her fourth fourth

foal. foal. Boxer Boxer was was an an enormous enormous beast, beast, nearly nearly eighteen eighteen hands hands high, high, and and as as strong strong as as any any two b put together. A white stripe down his nose gave him a somewhat stupid two b put together. A white stripe down his nose gave him a appearance, and in fact he was first-rate intellige nce, bintellige ut he was somewhat stupid appearance, andnot in of fac t he was not of first-rate nce, universally respected for his steadiness of character and tremendous powers of work. but he was universally respected for his steadiness of character and tremendous After theofb came Muriel, the came white Muriel, X, andthe Benjam in, Bin, enjamin powers work. After the b white X , anthe d Benjam the 6.was the oldest animal the $% , and the tempered. seldom talked,He and Benjamin was theonoldest animal on worst the $% , and theHe worst tempered. when he did, it was usually to m ake cynical remark--for instance, he would say seldom talked, and when he did, it was usually to make some cynical remark-that God hadhe given him say a tailthat to keep off,him buta that hekeep would have for instance, would God the hadflies given tail to thesooner flies off, buthad that no would tail andsooner no flies. Alone the $% he never laughed . If $% asked he have hadamong no tail the andanimals no flies.on Alone among the animals on the he why, he would say that he saw nothing to laugh at. never laughed. If asked why, he would say that he saw nothing to laugh at. without admitting it, he wathe s two of Nevertheless, without openly admitting it, he waopenly s devoted to Box er; devoted t o Box er; the two of them usually spent their Sundays together in the them usually spent their Sundays together in the small paddock beyond the orchard, small paddock thenever orchard, grazzing side by side and never speaking. grazzing side bybeyond side and speaking. The two b had just lain The two b had just lain down down when when aa brood brood of of v v,, which which had had lost lost their their mother, filed into the . , cheeping feebly and wandering from side to side to find some mother, filed into the ., cheeping feebly and wandering from side to side to find place where they would not be trodden on. Clover made a sort of wall round some place where they would not be trodden on. Clover made a sort of wall them round with h er great foreleg, and the v nestled down inside it a nd prom ptly f them with her great foreleg, and the v nestled down inside it and promptly g asleep. At the last last moment Mollie, the foolish, pretty whitewhite f who drew trap,trap, fell asleep. At the moment Mollie, the foolish, pretty f who drew came came mincing mincing daintly daintly in, in, chewing chewing at at aa lump lump of of sugar. sugar. She She took took a a place place near near the the front and flirting her white mane, hoping to draw attenti on to the red ribbons front and began flirting her white mane, hoping to draw attention to the red it was plaited . Lastwith of all. Last cameofthe , who usual, for ribbons it waswith plaited all x came thelooked x, whoround, lookedasround, as the usual, warmest place, and finally herself herself in between Boxer and Clover; there she for the warmest place, andsqueezed finally squeezed in between Boxer and Clover; purred contentedly throughoutthroughout Major’s Major’s without listening to a word there she purred contentedly without listening to a of what was word of he what hesaying. was saying. All All the the animals animals were were now now present present except except Moses, Moses, the the tame tame o o,, who who slept slept on a perch behind the back door. When Q saw that they had all made themselves on a perch behind the back door. When Q saw that they had all made themselves comfortable comfortable and and were were waiting waiting attentively, attentively, he he cleared cleared his his throat throat and and began: began: “Comrades, you have heard already about the strange “Comrades, you have heard already about the strange dream dream that that II had last night. But I will come to the dream later. I have something else to say had last night. But I will come to the dream later. I have something else to say first. first. II do do not not think, think, comrades, comrades, that that II shall shall be be with with you you for for many many months months longer, longer, and and feel it my duty to pass on to you such before I I feel it my duty to pass on to you such wisdom aswisdom I have ac-as I have acquired. I have had alife, long life,had I have hadtime muchfor time for thought I layin quired. I have had a long I have much thought as I lay as alone alone in my . , and I think I may say that I the nature life my ., and I think I may say that I understand the nature of life on this of earth on this earth well as any living. is about this I wish to speak to as well as anyasanimal nowanimal living. It now is about thisIt that I wish to that speak to you. you. “Now, comrades, what is the nature of this life of ours? Let us face it: our lives are“Now, comrades, what is the nature this We are born, ofwe ours? Let us laborious, andofshort. are given just face it: our lives are and short. We are born, we are given just so much } as will keep the breath in our bodies, and those of us who are capable

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GEORGE ORWELL

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of the Manor $%, had of the Manor $%, had locked the m-house for locked the m-house for the night, but was too the night, but was too drunk drunk to remember to shut the popholes. With the ring of light from his lantern to remember to shut the popholes. With the ring of light from his lantern dancing from dancing from side to side, he lurched across the yard, kicked off side to side, he lurched across the yard, off his boots at the back door, his boots at the back door, drew himself a last glass of beer from the barrel in the drew himself a last glass of beer from the barrel in the scullery, and made his way scullery, and made his way up to bed, where M up to bed, where Mrs. Jones was already snoring. oring. As soon as the light in the bedroom went out there was a stirring and a As soon as the light in the bedroom went out there was a stirring and a fluttering all through the $% buildings. Word had gone round during the day that fluttering all through the $% buildings. Word had gone round during the day that old Major, the prize Middle White Q, had a stange dream on the previous night old Major, the pr and it to the other animals. It had been agreed that nge dream to oncommunicate the previous night and wished to communicate it to they should all meet in the big . as soon was all safely outinofthe thebig way. (so he g the other animals. It had been agreed that they as should meet . asQsoon called, though the(so name under which he had though been exhibited was as was was always safely out of the way. Q he was always called, the name under Washington Beauty) was so highly regarded on the $% that everyone was quite which he had been exhibited was Washington Beauty) was so highly regarded on to lose an hour’s ordertotolose hear he sleep had to theready $% that everyone wassleep quiteinready anwhat hour’s insay. order to hear what he At one end of the big . , on a sort of raised platform, Q was already had to say. ensconced on his bed of straw, under a lantern which hung from beam. He At one end of the big ., on a sort of raised platform, Q was a already was twelve years oldbed andofhad lately grown rather stout , but heawas still He a ensconced on his straw, under a lantern which hung from beam. majestic-looking V , with a wise and benevolent appearance in spite of the fact was twelve years old and had lately grown rather stout, but he was still a that his tushes had never been cut. Before long the other animals began to arrive and majestic-looking V, with a wise and benevolent appearance in spite of the fact make themselves comfortable after their different fashions. First came the three that tushes hadJessie never ,been Before long the other animals began to arrive and zhis , Bluebell, and cut. Pincher, and then the V, who settled down in the { immediately in front o f the platfo rm. The m perched t hems elve s on the make themselves comfortable after their different fashions. First came the three the t, fluttered z, window-sills, Bluebell, Jessie and Pin up to the rafters, the P and A lay down behind the V and began to chew the cud. The two cart-b, Boxer and Clover, came in together, , who settled down in the { immediately in front of the platform. The m walking very slowly and setting down their vast hairy hoofs with great care lest

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ANIMAL FARM, CHAPTER 1 there should small animal concealed in the { Clover was a stout motherly f approaching middle life,animal who had never quite figure back there should small concealed in thegot {herClover was after a sther outfourth motherly foal. Boxer was an enormous beast, high, and strong any f approaching middle life, who hadnearly nevereighteen quite gothands her figure backasafter herasfourth two ordinary b put together. A white stripe down his nose gave him a somewhat foal. Boxer was an enormous beast, nearly eighteen hands high, and as strong as any stupid appearance,band in fact hAe white was not of first-rate nce, two ordinary put together. stripe down hisintellige nose gave him b a ut he was universally respected for his steadiness of character and tremendous powers of somewhat stupid appearance, and in fact he was not of first-rate intelligence, work. After the b came Muriel, thefor white X, and Benjam in, the Benjamin but he was universally respected his steadiness of character and6.tremendous was the oldest animal on the $% , and the worst tempered. He seldom powers of work. After the b came Muriel, the white X, and Benjamin, talked, the 6. and when he did, it was usually to m ake so me cynical remark--for Benjamin was the oldest animal on the $%, and the worst tempered.instance, He he would say that had given him a tailusually to keep to them flies off,so but that he would seldom talked, andGod when he did, it was ake me cynical remark-sooner have had no tail and no flies. Alone among the animals on the $% he never for instance, he would say that God had given him a tail to keep the flies off, but that laughed If asked why,had he no would say that he saw nothing to the laugh at. Neverth elehe ss, he would .sooner have tail and no flies. Alone among animals on the $% without openly .admitting it, hehewa s devoted toheBox the two them never laughed If asked why, would say that sawer; nothing to of laugh at.usually spent their Sundays together in the small paddock beyond the orchard, grazzing side Nevertheless, without openly admitting it, he was devoted to Boxer; the two of by side and never speaking. them usually spent their Sundays together in the small paddock beyond the orchard, grazzingThe b had lain down when a brood of v, which had lost their sidetwo by side andjust never speaking. mother, filed into the . , cheeping feebly and wandering to side The two b had just lain down when a broodfrom of vside , which had to lostfind their some not feebly be trodden on. Clover made mother,place filed where into thethey ., would cheeping and wandering from side a tosort sideoftowall find round her great and theon. v nestled inside it and some them placewith where they wouldforeleg, not be trodden Cloverdown made a sort of wall round prom ptly fell asleep. At the last moment Mollie, the foolish, pretty white f who them with her great foreleg, and the v nestled down inside it and promptly g drew trap, came mincing daintly in, chewing at a lump of sugar. She took fell asleep. At the last moment Mollie, the foolish, pretty white f who drew atrap, place near the front andin,began herofwhite mane, drawnear the came mincing daintly chewingflirting at a lump sugar. She hoping took atoplace attenti on to the red ribbons it was plaited with . Last of all came the , who front and began flirting her white mane, hoping to draw attention toxthe red looked round, as usual, for the warmest place, and finally squeezed herself in ribbons it was plaited with. Last of all came the x, who looked round, as usual, between Boxer and Clover; theresqueezed she purred contentedly throughout Major’s for the warmest place, and finally herself in between Boxer and Clover; speech without listening to a word of what he was saying. there she purred contentedly throughout Major’s speech without listening to a word of All whatthe he animals was saying.were now present except Moses, the tame o, who slept on a perch behind the back door. Q saw thatMoses, they had madeo themselves All the animals were nowWhen present except thealltame , who slept comfortable were waiting attentively, he Q cleared histhey throat and began: on a perchand behind the back door. When saw that had all made themselves comfortable “Comrades, you have heard already about strange and were waiting attentively, he cleared his the throat and dream began:that I had But I will the dream later. I have the something to say first. last night. “Comrades, youcome havetoheard already about strangeelse dream that I I do not think, comrades, that I shall be with you for many months longer, and had last night. But I will come to the dream later. I have something else to say first. I before I die, I feel it mythat dutyI shall to pass to you wisdom I have and acquired. do not think, comrades, beon with you such for many monthsaslonger, Ibefore have had a long life, I have had much time for thought as I lay alone in my ., I die, I feel it my duty to pass on to you such wisdom as I have acand I think I may thatlife, I understand nature of life onas this earth as in quired. I have hadsay a long I have had muchthe time for thought I lay alone well as any animal now living. It is about this that I wish to speak to you. my ., and I think I may say that I understand the nature of life on this earth as well as “Now, comrades, what is the nature thisthat lifeI wish of ours? Let to usyou. face it: our any animal now living. It is aboutofthis to speak lives are miserable , laborious, and short. We are born, we are given just it:soour “Now, comrades, what is the nature of this life of ours? Let us face much } asmiserable, will keep the breath in our bodies, and We those ofborn, us who of it lives are laborious, and short. are weare arecapable given just so much } as will keep the breath in our bodies, and those of us who are capable

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of the Manor $%, had of the Manor $%, had locked the m-house for locked the m-house for the night, but was too the night, but was too drunk drunk to remember to shut the popholes. With the ring of light from his lantern to remember to shut the popholes. With the ring of light from his lantern dancing from dancing from side to side, he lurched across the yard, kicked off side to side, he lurched across the yard, off his boots at the back door, his boots at the back door, drew himself a last glass of beer from the barrel in the drew himself a last glass of beer from the barrel in the scullery, and made his way up scullery, and made his way up to bed, where M to bed, where Mrs. Jones was already snoring. oring. As soon as the light in the bedroom went out there was a stirring and a As soon as the light in the bedroom went out there was a stirring and a fluttering all through the $% buildings. Word had gone round during the day that fluttering all through the $% buildings. Word had gone round during the day that old Major, the prize Middle White Q, had a stange dream on the previous night old Major, the pr and it to the other animals. It had been agreed that nge dream to oncommunicate the previous night and wished to communicate it to they should all meet in the big . as soon was all safely outinofthe thebig way. (so he the other animals. It had been agreed that they as should meet . asQsoon g called, though the(so name under which he had though been exhibited was as was was always safely out of the way. Q he was always called, the name under Washington Beauty) was so highly regarded on the $% that everyone was quite which he had been exhibited was Washington Beauty) was so highly regarded on to lose an hour’s ordertotolose hear he sleep had to theready $% that everyone wassleep quiteinready anwhat hour’s insay. order to hear what he At one end of the big . , on a sort of raised platform, Q was already had to say. ensconced on his bed of straw, under a lantern which hung from beam. He At one end of the big ., on a sort of raised platform, Q was a already was twelve years oldbed andofhad lately grown rather stout , but heawas still He a ensconced on his straw, under a lantern which hung from beam. majestic-looking V , with a wise and benevolent appearance in spite of the fact was twelve years old and had lately grown rather stout, but he was still a that his tushes had never been cut. Before long the other animals began to arrive and majestic-looking V, with a wise and benevolent appearance in spite of the fact make themselves comfortable after their different fashions. First came the three that tushes hadJessie never ,been Before long the other animals began to arrive and zhis , Bluebell, and cut. Pincher, and then the V, who settled down in the { immediately in front o f the platfo rm. The m perched t hems elve s on the make themselves comfortable after their different fashions. First came the three the t, fluttered z, window-sills, Bluebell, Jessie and Pin up to the rafters, the P and A lay down behind the V and began to chew the cud. The two cart-b, Boxer and Clover, came in together, , who settled down in the { immediately in front of the platform. The m walking very slowly and setting down their vast hairy hoofs with great care lest

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