France - Serbia 2020: Furthering Economic Ties

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FRANCE - SERBIA 2020

FURTHERING ECONOMIC TIES H.E. Jean-Louis Falconi, Ambassador of France to Serbia ● Dragoljub Damljanović, President of the FrenchSerbian Chamber of Commerce, CCIFS ● Sanja Ivanić, CCIFS CEO ● Manuel Bouard, Director of the French Institute in Serbia ● Vladan Čokić, Director, Bureau Veritas ● Priscilia Dubocage, Managing Director of Total HUB Balkans ● Marina Cvijanović, Financial Manager, Eko Bio Invest ● Mirjana Lučić, General Manager at Weber SRB, BiH, MNE ● Dragan Milić, Key Account Manager, LGCF ● Ksenija Karić, CEO, Schneider Electric Serbia and Montenegro Ltd.

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CONTENTS

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ADAPTATION ON THE GO COMMENT

THERE ARE NO QUICK FIXES, DIALOGUE IS NECESSARY

H.E. JEAN-LOUIS FALCONI, AMBASSADOR OF FRANCE TO SERBIA

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CERTIFICATION IS KEY TO NEW MARKETS

VLADAN ČOKIĆ, DIRECTOR, BUREAU VERITAS

IT IS IMPORTANT OUR MEMBERS KNOW WE’RE ALWAYS HERE FOR THEM

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WE’RE GROWING QUICKLY AND EFFICIENTLY

MIRJANA LUČIĆ, GENERAL MANAGER AT WEBER SRB, BIH, MNE

THE SERBIAN YOUTH IS OUR PRIORITY

SOMBOLED - A SYNONYM FOR SUCCESSFUL COOPERATION BETWEEN SERBIA AND FRANCE IN THE DAIRY INDUSTRY SOMBOLED

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CCIFS ACTIVITIES

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HOW BELGRADE HAS BEEN DECORATED

MANUEL BOUARD, DIRECTOR OF THE FRENCH INSTITUTE IN SERBIA

SANJA IVANIĆ, CCIFS CEO

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WE MUST HELP EACH OTHER EXIT THE CRISIS

DRAGOLJUB DAMLJANOVIĆ, PRESIDENT OF THE FRENCH-SERBIAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, CCIFS

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10 YEARS AND COUNTING

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WASTE AS A TOP RAW MATERIAL

PRISCILIA DUBOCAGE, MANAGING DIRECTOR OF TOTAL HUB BALKANS

MARINA CVIJANOVIĆ, FINANCIAL MANAGER, EKO BIO INVEST

EDITOR IN CHIEF Ana Novčić a.novcic@aim.rs a.novcic@cordmagazine.com DESIGN Jasmina Laković j.lakovic@aim.rs PHOTOS Zoran Petrović COPY EDITOR Mark Pullen mrpeditorial@mail.com

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PROJECT MANAGERS Biljana Dević b.devic@aim.rs Nataša Trifunović n.trifunovic@aim.rs Vesna Vukajlović v.vukajlovic@aim.rs Mihailo Čučković m.cuckovic@aim.rs OFFICE MANAGER Svetlana Petrović s.petrovic@aim.rs

EDITORIAL MANAGER Neda Lukić n.lukic@aim.rs FINANCE Dragana Skrobonja finance@aim.rs GENERAL MANAGER Maja Vidaković m.vidakovic@aim.rs PUBLISHER Ivan Novčić i.novcic@aim.rs

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GUIDE TO FRENCH ORDERS, DECORATIONS AND MEDALS

WE OFFER SERBIA 200 BRANDS

DRAGAN MILIĆ, KEY ACCOUNT MANAGER, LGCF

BAUDELAIRE REMAINS CHARLES BAUDELAIRE, 1821–1867

SAVINGS ARE THE BIGGEST ADVANTAGE OF DIGITALISATION

KSENIJA KARIĆ, CEO, SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO LTD.

PRINTING Rotografika d.o.o.

Segedinski put 72, Subotica, Serbia BUSINESS PARTNER FRANCE Published by: alliance international media Prote Mateje 52, 11111 Belgrade 17, PAK 126909, Serbia Phone: +(381 11) 2450 508

Fascimile: +(381 11) 2450 122 E-mail: office@aim.rs; office@cordmagazine.com www.aim.rs; www.cordmagazine.com No 18 ISSN: 2560-4465 All rights reserved alliance international media 2020 The views expressed in this publication are those of the presenter; they do not

necessary reflect the view of publications published by alliance international media THIS PUBLICATION IS FREE OF CHARGE

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COMMENT

Adaptation On The Go Crises like the Coronavirus pandemic sometimes lead to the emergence of real heroes, and sometimes completely strip bare someone's mutual relations. Judging by what we've had an opportunity to see so far, Covid-19 has certainly changed the way bilateral relations unfold, but not the essence of the cordial and increasingly fulfilled relations between the two countries

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significant jubilee was commemorated in Kragujevac in March last year, with senior officials of the two countries attending the 180th anniversary of the establishment of French-Serbian diplomatic relations. This year’s Days of Francophonie, which take place in March, were postponed for health security reasons. This is just one illustration of the way in which Covid-19 influences diplomatic relations between the two countries, if not their essence, then certainly their manifestation.

As the French ambassador noted in his interview with CorD, at the time of the outbreak of the pandemic those relations were primarily fortified through the signs of the EU’s commitment to Serbia’s health needs. With the normalisation of the situation, the focus returned to the key topics of European integration, and the dialogue between leaders in Belgrade and Pristina was accelerated immediately after the elections, as an important section on the road to the EU. Likewise, reform issues that Serbia has not yet completed, such as the rule of law and the establishing of full freedom of public expression, have made it onto the agenda.

In the period prior to the pandemic, Serbia and France intensified their bilateral cooperation, culminating in the arrival of the highest French officials in Serbia, and then the initialling of several large French investments in Serbia, which are progressing despite the quarantine.

At this moment, it is difficult to imagine when and to what extent it will be possible to restore that upward momentum observed in the development of economic relations between the two countries over

the last few years. The trade exchange, for example, doubled between 2012 and 2019, but it’s difficult to predict how it will adapt to global turbulence and the dynamics of economic trends in France and Serbia. However, a very positive sounding fact is that the dialogue between the Serbian government and business community has been preserved, and that the dialogue between the state and the economy came at the initiative of the FrenchSerbian Chamber of Commerce and resulted in a broad set of measures to preserve the economy. The focus is on preserving companies in the country, primarily small and medium-sized enterprises, which include many members of the French-Serbian Chamber of Commerce.

It is also too early to speculate whether, following the risks faced by companies with widely diversified production chains, foreign companies (including French ones) would prefer to choose markets that are closer to them and thus establish their production here. However, this does not diminish the relevance and importance of implementing measures to improve the business climate and especially digitalisation, which has saved many companies from major disruptions in operations.

There is no doubt that, for a while at least, talks and mutual meetings in the business world, and in cultural and scientific exchanges, will be largely supplemented by online content. For example, anyone who scans the pages of the French Institute in Serbia will be able to see that fans and admirers of the French language are offered numerous online language-based and cultural content, and that such a situation has actually created an opportunity for Serbian citizens to enjoy studying France’s cultural heritage or learning the French language online.

Following the issue of humanitarian aid during the most pronounced health crisis, the agenda has again returned to open issues of European integration, while economic cooperation will be largely dictated by the situation in the world economy

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INTERVIEW

H.E. JEAN-LOUIS FALCONI, AMBASSADOR OF FRANCE TO SERBIA

There Are No Quick Fixes, DIALOGUE IS NECESSARY The EU is not in a position to demand that Serbia recognises Kosovo, since several Member States have not recognised the independence of Kosovo. I would therefore say that, in order to enter the EU, Belgrade and Pristina should fully normalise their relations. The recognition of Kosovo is but one option to reach this goal. When it comes to France, any comprehensive, mutually acceptable option that leads to regional stability is acceptable – Jean-Louis Falconi

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ith the first anniversary of his term in Serbia approaching, the French ambassador says that his goal is to bring Serbia closer to France by opening a new phase in bilateral cooperation, based on the historical friendship that developed during World War I. According to Ambassador Jean-Louis Falconi, speaking in this interview for CorD Magazine, Paris is ready to provide support in all areas – from the dialogue with Pristina and the European integration process, to the development of projects for the long-awaited Belgrade metro.

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CHALLENGE

CORONAVIRUS CRISIS

METRO

The challenge is now to find a good balance between preserving the health of citizens and boosting the economy

The EU Commission answered Serbia’s call for help, providing €93bn in short and long term help

It’s a long story indeed, but I’m confident the Belgrade metro will ultimately see the light of day

Your Excellency, you spent just two months of your first year in Serbia resident in Belgrade before the lockdown due to the struggle against Covid-19 – a fact that you’ve written about very often on social networks. From today’s perspective, how do you see the struggle against the pandemic, which also hit France hard?

- Since I arrived in September 2019, I had a good six months of “normal life”, during which I was acquainted with my counterparts and started discovering Serbia. From today’s perspective, I would say that the Coronavirus crisis took almost every country in the world by surprise and created a health, economic and social shock. The last pandemic of these world proportions dates back to 1918-1920 - the “Spanish flu” - and the world back then was in no way comparable to ours. As we all know, our biggest issue at first was to produce enough safety kits and “flatten the epidemiological curve” to unburden our health systems.

I am, however, impressed with the capacity of our societies and citizens to adjust to social distancing, work from home and the use of new technologies, even for international summits. I would also like to hail the capacity of people and communities to unify and show solidarity, even at the grass roots level. From this point of view, the ways to tackle the health challenge are comparable between Serbia and France.

This being said, the challenge is now to find a good balance between preserving the health of citizens and boosting the economy. This is the toughest call for authorities. The EU provided an unprecedented protective shield for its citizens.

Given that you are educated as an economist and have worked in the area of finance in both the French administration and the EU Directorate, do you believe that the world is entering an economic crisis following the Coronavirus pandemic?

- The world has certainly entered a deep economic crisis. It is still difficult to understand how deep it is and what our capacity to overcome it is. According to the IMF, all countries in the world are now confronted by the unknown. According to the IMF, the spectacular amount of €7,000bn was mobilised, around the world, to counter the effects tof he Covid-19 crisis. Overall, the IMF foresees a 5.2% drop in global GDP.

This being said, the situation will obviously depend on the leading economic sectors of each country, the strength of their economy, their dependence on external markets. The situation will also vary from sector to sector within the same country.

Restaurants, real estate, industries, small businesses and commercial activities, which rely on people-to-people contacts, will undoubtedly be impacted, while many services and the IT

world will find new resources for development. All in all, this crisis will certainly deepen inequalities, while generating deep poverty in already fragile countries. But I am certain that the world’s stability would benefit from coordinated, cooperative and multilateral answers. Believing that one could gain over the other would be a blind and short-term vision.

Do you believe that the EU’s measures, which include a large financial aid package for member states and the countries of the Western Balkan region, will be sufficient to ensure economic difficulties don’t escalate into a large-scale crisis?

- At these moments we deeply appreciate being part of the EU. Several economic sectors are deeply impacted in France, such as tourism, industry, culture and gastronomy. Measures are being taken by French authorities to support firms and independent workers. EU solidarity is more than welcome in this context. €540bn was deployed on EU budgets in support of the economies of member states.

The Central European Bank shall also repurchase the debt of Eurozone companies up to the €1,350bn, within the Pandemic Emergency Purchase Programme, which is a very big push for these companies. Last but not least, the EU Com7

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mission proposed a new recovery and resilience facility of 560 billion euros, including a grant facility of 310 billion euros, on the basis of a very innovative proposal from France and Germany, and 250 billion euros available in loans in order to boost economic reforms and private investments.

We hope an agreement will be reached in July, between the 27 EU member states.

The Western Balkans will be the first beneficiaries of EU solidarity outside the EU itself. The EU, EU member states and

financial institutions are the biggest donors to Serbia, with over €3bn in non-refundable aid to Serbia during the past 20 years. To tackle the Coronavirus crisis alone, the EU Commission answered Serbia’s call for help, providing €93bn in short and long term help. This is by far the largest foreign aid to this country.

Will this be enough? I don’t know, but this aid is very significant and comes in addition to efforts already undertaken by the Serbian Government.

Inhabitants of the Western Balkans are wondering whether the idea of expanding the EU to encompass this region would materialize at all. In this context, they are slightly worried by the EU’s messages, such as the latest one contained in the Zagreb Declaration that mentions the ‘prospects’ of membership but not enlargement specifically. Do they have reason for suspicion?

- The idea of expanding the EU to encompass the region is viable; it remains an EU objective since the Zagreb summit in 2000 and the Thessaloniki summit in 2003, provided the authorities are willing, locally, to take on board the necessary reforms. A promise was made in Thessaloniki in 2003, the EU and EU member states actively support the Western Balkans in its reforms, with funding, advisors and experts.

In Serbia, considerable efforts were exerted in the sphere of the economy, finance and norms. At the same time, there is still a lot to undertake in terms of the rule of law, freedom of media, the fight against corruption, independence of the judiciary and institutional processes. Efforts to improve the legislation are appreciable, but the EU also focuses on the implementation of the measures taken.

In parallel, the EU is undertaking reforms to become strategically more independent, stronger and more relevant, both internally and on the international scene. This will remain to the benefit of Serbia when it enters the EU and is certainly not aimed at preventing or delaying the integration of the Western Balkans into the EU.

The Western Balkans will be the first beneficiaries of EU solidarity outside the EU itself.

The EU, EU member states and financial institutions are the biggest donors to Serbia, with over €3bn in non-refundable aid to Serbia during the past 20 years

At the height of the struggle against Covid-19, footage was broadcast from France and Italy showing the removal of EU flags from public places, due to citizens reportedly being dissatisfied with the lack of pan-EU solidarity. The first aid to arrive in Serbia actually came from China.

Do you believe that the pandemic has led to lasting changes in the positions of the EU, China and even the U.S. on the global scene?

- Some footage was reported, here and there - but actually not in France - of people removing EU flags from public places, but this needs to be put into context: the unknown that we entered into created fear and panic, particularly at the beginning of the crisis, multiplied by the attraction of social media for sensational images.

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Let us stick to facts. China was the first country hit by the Covid-19 epidemic, in December. Back then, EU countries, including France, sent aid and equipment to Wuhan. By 1st February 12 tonnes of equipment had been sent to China by EU member states. When Europe was hit in its turn, it needed to organise itself urgently to confront the situation domestically.

In March, China had at the time more knowledge, experience of the crisis and more resources, allowing the country to send immediate help and we are all thankful for that. China was reactive in early March and sent aircraft to Serbia, which is a good thing. The first European aid started arriving only a week later, despite the EU being in the midst of a sanitary crisis, and it was massive.

Serbian citizens need to be informed of the full story. If they are, it is difficult to infer from that any lasting change in international support to Serbia.

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You have stated that EU membership candidates must meet all the preconditions and that there will be no lowering of the criteria. When it comes to Serbia, the most common question is whether the country can become a member state if it doesn’t recognise Kosovo’s independence?

- Technically speaking, the EU is not in a position to set such a precondition, since several Member States have not recognised the independence of Kosovo. I would therefore say that, in order to enter the EU, Belgrade and Pristina should fully normalise

their relations. The recognition of Kosovo is but one option to reach this goal. When it comes to France, any comprehensive, mutually acceptable option that leads to regional stability is acceptable. As a matter of fact, entering the EU with unsolved internal or regional issues is not possible. The EU’s DNA is based on reconciliation between neighbours.

No one can be forced to sit at the table… There are no quick fixes, but I believe the halted dialogue can resume at a good pace. A consensual agreement would be in the interest of both parties, frozen conflicts are a source of lowkey instability and mistrust

Although Miroslav Lajčak, the EU’s envoy for the dialogue between Belgrade and Pristina, allegedly stated in one address to European diplomats that reaching an agreement is a matter of months away, and not years, there is still actually no dialogue, nor does its renewal appear to be on the horizon. How would you comment on this?

- No one can be forced to sit at the table. Until now, the authorities in Pristina were bogged down in a post-electoral political crisis and there are new recent developments. Let’s focus on the positive: the Hoti-led government was approved on 6th June and lifted reciprocal measures the same day, which is very significant. There are no quick fixes, but I believe that at some point, the halted dialogue can resume at a good pace. A consensual agreement would be in the interest of both parties, frozen conflicts are a source of low-key instability and mistrust.

Miroslav Lajčak is a seasoned diplomat who is profoundly 10

dedicated to his tasks. He spoke to all of the stakeholders in Belgrade and Pristina, in order to have a comprehensive vision of the situation. Of anyone, I believe he is the right person to facilitate the dialogue and find a compromise. The EU has a special role to conduct this dialogue and EU leaders entrusted him with this mission. I take it as a positive signal that he believes he can accomplish it. But everyone knows that the normalisation of relations between Belgrade and Pristina can only happen with the consent of the parties themselves, with the full support of the international community at large.

Is Paris still interested in hosting a meeting between leaders from Belgrade and Pristina aimed at reviving the dialogue?

- Paris is indeed interested in hosting such a meeting, in the wake of the Berlin Summit which took place in April 2019.

French and German ministers of foreign affairs, Jean-Yves Le Drian and Heiko Maas, reiterated their commitment to facilitate the EU-led dialogue in a joint article published in Belgrade and Pristina on 23rd May. German Ambassador Thomas Schieb and I also conveyed this message to Marko Đurić, director of the Office for Kosovo, in May.

How do you view the assessment of Nathalie Loiseau, a former French minister for European affairs and current MEP, and her colleagues from the ALDE group, who stated that it would not be possible for elections in Serbia to be fair and democratic due to “unbalanced media reporting and increased pressure on individuals” who are critical of the government?

- The fact that Nathalie Loiseau and fellow European MPs co-signed a letter on the electoral conditions in Serbia shows their interest in Serbia and its political path. It also shows the keen interest of European elected representatives in the rule of law, in particular in countries seeking to join the EU. Media pluralism, but also hate speech, insults and defamation in the press are still an issue in Serbia, and this was noticeable in the pre-electoral process. An inter-party dialogue was facilitated last autumn by the European Parliament and is hopefully set to resume after the elections.

In one interview in which you spoke of your plans as ambassador, you said that relations between France and Serbia should not be based solely on history and the memory of

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the fraternal links from World War I. What is required in order for you to be able to, as you stated, “open up this region” towards the French?

- Our brotherhood in arms, a century ago, remains one of the foundations of our friendship today. Hundreds of thousands of lives were lost and the sacrifices made then are still vividly remembered. But we should also build our future. This was President Macron’s main message to Serbia when he visited Belgrade a year ago, on 15th and 16th July 2019. He pledged a renewed political engagement of France alongside Serbia, including on its European path.

Our political dialogue is back on track: in April 2018, Jean-Yves le Drian was the first French minister of foreign affairs to visit Serbia in eight years. President Macron’s visit was the first presidential visit in … 18 years. This visit opened new scope for cooperation, with the signing of about 20 agreements. Such events are mediated and contribute to revitalising our bilateral relations at all levels.

Stronger economic ties shall also contribute to bringing our countries closer together. Our economic relations have not reached their full potential, but represented €1bn in 2019, which is twice as much as in 2012. There are about 120 French companies in Serbia: this means a lot for the French business community.

Most of these companies are happy about their conditions in Serbia and publicise that at home, thus attracting other companies. French businesses are engaged in very significant projects, such as the Vinča waste management project, or the management of the Belgrade Airport.

Last but not least, the French Agency for Development, which supports urban and sustainable infrastructure projects, has been engaged in the Balkans since September 2019, its regional HQ being based in Belgrade.

People-to-people contacts are also a very powerful way to bring two countries together. French is not considered as a “business language”, like English or German, but 110,000 children and adults are learning it. Let’s hope that, as economic ties grow, more youngsters will turn to French. French tourists find a greater interest in Serbia than before. 35,500 French tourists visited Serbia in 2019, which is 7,000 more than in the previous year.

- The momentum is very much still here. Since my arrival, several ministers and parliamentarians came to meet their counterparts in Belgrade, to establish or deepen cooperation.

The atmosphere and energy is very positive.

Many projects are underway, despite the Covid-19 crisis, which suspended all of our activities from March to May. Life is gradually coming back, but the pandemic is not fully behind us. Most of the administrations in France still partially work from home. We’ll therefore have to be

Paris is ready to provide support in all areas – from the dialogue with Pristina and the European integration process, to the development of projects for the long-awaited Belgrade metro

Following the visit to Serbia of French President Emmanuel Macron, it seemed that bilateral political and economic relations would gain new momentum. How do we stand today; is this process again losing pace?

a little patient before organising new ministerial visits.

You’ve inherited one question from a large number of your predecessors as French ambassador. We asked all of them if the French will build a metro rail system in Belgrade? Do you know the answer?

- It’s a long story indeed, but I’m confident the Belgrade metro will ultimately see the light of day. In May I signed with the Serbian government an agreement according to which French experts and companies immediately start the feasibility study for the metro of Belgrade and finalise it in 2021. France is very dedicated to this project, for which my government donated €8.3 million to Serbia.

How would you comment on the fact that companies from China, Turkey, the U.S., Russia and Azerbaijan are more heavily engaged in major infrastructure projects in Serbia than French companies?

- I do not have particular comments to make. Serbia is on the EU path, but that shouldn’t stop it from diversifying its economic partnerships. This being said, I can only speak of what I know: France has technology and knowhow. It promotes EU standards, which are secure, sustainable and long-lasting.

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INTERVIEW

DRAGOLJUB DAMLJANOVIĆ, PRESIDENT OF THE FRENCH-SERBIAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, CCIFS

We Must Help Each Other EXIT THE CRISIS

The prospects of the economy in Serbia will depend greatly on the recovery of the economy in the EU, and there's not much we can do about that. However, experiences during the pandemic showed us that we need to further adjust various regulations and insist on maintaining a spirit of cooperation and empathy, particularly towards those most hit by the crisis

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he crisis will pass, but it is important to show that we are human, to take care of each other and to save businesses, says Dragoljub Damljanović, president of the French-Serbian Chamber of Commerce (CCFS). Judging by experiences from the period of the pandemic, this will prove challenging for companies from all sectors and will require a relatively long time to adjust.

How do your members evaluate their positions the “day after” the pandemic?

- Members were confronted by a very difficult situation, when business activities were reduced to a minimum and it was difficult to maintain operations at all and not lay off employees. The state of emergency has been revoked, but I don’t expect everyone to start working at full steam before the second half of the year. Depending on the sector of business, companies are aware that needs will increase significantly in many segments and that they should be ready to satisfy those needs. On the other hand,

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some will need more time to make up for what’s been lost. It has so far been shown that there is more resilience among those companies that have diverse supply chains providing them with more options, but it is clear that business models themselves will change to a greater or lesser extent, and very few companies will be in the zone where there are no changes. However, the most important thing is for the business community to strive to help small and medium-sized enterprises that have been hardest hit by this crisis.

In your opinion, is the Serbian government succeeding with its measures to keep pace with the new challenges to the functioning of the economy?

- I consider the measures to support the economy as being satisfactory, but there was initially a lack of technical implementation and documents on how to apply them.

What is also lacking is greater flexibility in the Labour Law, in order to allow employees to work partly or to be temporarily unemployed for a longer period without being laid off, thus increasing the percentage of job retentions. However, we must take into consideration that the actual recovery of the economy itself will depend on the recovery of the economy in the European Union and the recovery of foreign demand, which we cannot influence with our own instruments of economic policy. Serbia is facing both economic and unresolved health problems, and we hope that there will be another package of measures to help the economy following the elections.

organisation sector for members and partners, which is vitally important to the Chamber. However, the Chamber succeeded in adapting to the new organisation of work from home and the organising of online gatherings. This type of gathering certainly marked the three months behind us, and will undoubtedly mark the coming months. The Chamber continues to work towards holding online conferences, training courses and workshops in the period ahead, and we hope that we will be able to return to the organisation of physical events as of the coming autumn. The second sector of the Chamber’s activities - providing support to French companies interested in the markets of Serbia and the surrounding countries - is also one in which we will actively work by participating in online B2B meetings and sector specific presentations. The number of inquiries we receive has reduced, but we hope that companies will again start to be interested in Serbia in the second half of the year.

Serbia is facing both economic and unresolved health problems, and we hope that there will be another package of measures to help the economy following the elections

How did the newly emerged situation impact on the development of dialogue within the business community and with state bodies?

- The new situation led to strengthened dialogue within the business community, in order to find a common solution as quickly as possible. The Chamber launched an initiative in the second half of March to send a request to Finance Minister Siniša Mali, and twelve business association partners joined our initiative within 24 hours. This testifies to the business community showing unity with the aim of applying for the swiftest possible implementation of economic measures to help the economy. Through a large number of online gatherings and dialogue with the government and state officials, the economy maintained a constant dialogue, and business associations like our Chamber have likewise played an important role as a link between members and representatives of institutions by organising webinars and online conferences.

One of the strategic priorities of the CCFS is to establish a continuous dialogue with representatives of institutions, and at the end of June, together with partner associations, it is organising a dialogue with the Customs Administration.

In your opinion, will the pandemic contribute to accelerating the digital transformation of the Serbian economy and increase the volume of remote work?

- What is already underway is the transformation of business, with consumer habits changing, all industries that are able to be online in technology, management, customer relations set to try to continue to work in that way. This event has accelerated that which would have happened over the course of a few years, because now it isn’t only that companies which previously didn’t even consider organising work from home have started to do so, but also that citizens are finding new applications that they haven’t previously tried and that can help them in their daily lives. I’m delighted, for example, with the way small farmers began to organise into e-markets and continued to operate despite the pandemic. When this period is over, it will be a new period for the world economy, and digitalisation will be accelerated in all business sectors. However, we shouldn’t forget that there are things that can’t be done online; human contact is irreplaceable, the efficiency of group work in a limited space is much better compared to when we sit in front of computers alone. Digitalisation and physical presence are complementary.

How have these changes impacted on the reorganising of the CCIFS’s working priorities in 2020?

- The pandemic hit hard when it comes to the corporate event 13

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In terms of infrastructure, how ready is Serbia to support the relocating of parts of business to the online world?

- If operations have slowed down in some spheres, a large number of companies haven’t abandoned ongoing processes of digital transformation during this period, while every third company has even accelerated digital projects. This is most evident in online trade and remote working during the crisis caused by the pandemic, both around the world and in Serbia. One of the govern-

ment’s priorities is the accelerated digitalisation of public services, so now we often talk about how it will soon be the case that, for example, all requests in cadastral records will be submitted and scheduled via the internet. This testifies to the desire for digitalisation to be implemented in all segments of the economy and society. This is a journey that will take time, but we can already see that a large percentage of traditional companies plan to introduce new digital transformation projects, primarily with the development of new digital products, cooperation with start-ups and other innovative companies, improving the user experience or existing digital products.

dertaking all necessary health measures prior to people returning to work, such as masks, gloves, disposable barriers, disinfections of all surfaces etc. We still don’t have precise information in order to be able to quantify what the additional labour costs will be in that sense, but they are certainly not negligible.

Considering that companies with localised production have been shown to have sustained less damage than those with globalised supply chains, do you expect such experiences to influence interest among French investors in relocating part of their operations to Serbia?

- It is clear that this crisis will lead all economies to reconsider their strategic goals and directions, and it seems that it’s necessary for some key production areas to be located closer to Europe. There is also a chance for Serbia. It is certain that the pandemic will have consequences for bilateral French-Serbian relations, in the form of reduced economic activity in our countries, but we are witnessing an increase in French investments in Serbia year on year, and I’m sure that investors from that country will increasingly recognise the potential of Serbia and the relocating of part of their operations. The French government, through its plan for emergency situations that provides support to export companies confronted by the immediate consequences of the crisis, has secured their cash flow and ensured their international recovery after the crisis, which provides hope that investments will also continue at this pace in Serbia.

The economy maintained a constant dialogue with representatives of the government and state bodies during the pandemic, and business associations like our Chamber played an important role as a link between the two sides

How do your members estimate labour costs considering the new types of protection measures against the pandemic?

- Companies have adapted to the crisis in various ways through the organisation of partial work from home and reducing the number of working hours, while a few had to close parts of business processes. Some companies managed to quickly change their way of doing business, which indicates that those companies were more ready to face the crisis. Most of our members continued to perform their activities through work from home, while production companies duly met the requirements for obtaining work permits during curfew. Members inform us that their companies are un14

Does the newly emerged situation create space for companies to redirect towards research and development? Do the Serbian Government’s measures in this domain encourage such trends?

- This situation certainly opens the way for various research and development programmes, primarily in the field of digitalisation, but also in other sectors. Serbia has all the conditions, experts, good colleges and places for research, and I believe that the number of such places will only increase. Testifying to this is the opening of science and technology parks and digital education, all of which lead to Serbia becoming a country recognised for creating new technologies. Some government measures in this direction include the reducing of the tax on profits generated from the income of intellectual property developed or mostly developed in Serbia from 15 to three per cent. This measure is certainly one of the reasons why development companies are relocating their development centres to Serbia.

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VLADAN ČOKIĆ, DIRECTOR, BUREAU VERITAS

BUSINESS

Certification Is Key To New Markets Bureau Veritas is a leading company specialised in international certification, verification and testing that was founded in 1828 in Paris and opened its office in Serbia in 2005. It operates today in more than 140 countries, employing 77,000 experts in more than 1,400 offices and 330 laboratories

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ompanies in Serbia have recognised the value and importance of harmonising with criteria related to quality, safety, environmental protection, energy efficiency and social responsibility, because that is an indicator of their strength.

Are all your services designed on the basis of the specific needs of clients, and who are they?

- Bureau Veritas provides the following services: certification of management systems, testing, inspection and certification of products, process quality assurance for industrial facilities and equipment, inspections of construction facilities and equipment, as well as inspections and laboratory testing.

Services are always tailored to a specific activity and tee specific needs of clients, in terms of the added value that they expect. That’s why we also help clients with training, which is specially created according to the specific characteristics of their business. Our auditors, inspectors and lecturers have extensive knowledge and experience in the field of our clients’ businesses - choosing the right people, professional and experienced, is very important for the successful provision of services.

Testifying to how much we care about the needs of our clients is the new service - Restart your business. It was developed as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic in order to provide confirmation that a client has taken all preventative measures and thus ensured a safe and healthy business environment.

environmental protection and social responsibility?

- The industrial sector is largely harmonised with EU regulations and standards, because Serbia is adopting EU standards in their original form, thus avoiding the creation of “technical ambiguities” during the interpretation of standards. In agriculture and the food industry, standards and guidelines are largely aligned with EU regulations when it comes to the quality and safety of food. Our cereals and food industry products are exported and have their place on EU markets. In addition to them, engineering and software companies have a large presence, as do service activities, but we have long had clients in almost all areas of the economy.

Our clients are both multinational and local companies, as well as small and medium-sized enterprises, and we also provide services to state institutions

Which industries are harmonised with EU regulations and standards to the greatest extent? In which industries do you see the most respect for criteria related to quality, safety,

How does the fact that a company has all the necessary certificates and all the envisaged quality standards impact on its competitiveness?

- Certification is a way for our clients to show that their management systems are harmonised with internationally recognised standards, i.e. with good business practice. Certification always means a greater competitive advantage, because it demonstrates the willingness of a company to invest in better business, showing the company’s strength and its clear commitment to continuous improvements.

There are several important certificates that ensre easier entry into some markets, as well as excellent competitiveness. Here we are primarily referring to certificates from GFSI programmes (IFS, FSSC 22000, BRC, GLOBALG.A.P.), IP Programmes and ISCC certificates, and more recently Danube Soybean certificates. Certification is not only a recognition given by an independent certification house, but also leads to better operational and financial results through the constant improving of processes in an organisation.

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INTERVIEW

SANJA IVANIĆ, CCIFS CEO

It is Important Our Members Know WE'RE ALWAYS HERE FOR THEM With good internal organisation, we've succeeded in being available to members at all times, and that will be the same in the future

overcome the newly emerged situation as easily as possible, through joint actions, initiatives and solutions. It is important members know that we’re always here for them,” says Ivanić.

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ven prior to the declaring of a state of emergency in Serbia, we realised that the global health crisis would impact on the operations of our members and partners in Serbia. That’s why we reacted very quickly and took certain actions to forward requests to the Government and ministries to take into account the difficulties faced by companies, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, says Sanja Ivanić, CEO of the French-Serbian Chamber of Commerce (CCIFS).

SMEs comprise a large percentage of CCIFS members, while they represent the backbone of the Serbian economy and it is vitally important for us to fight for the support of these companies and help them to overcome this difficult period. Our action of sending requests to the Minister of Finance was joined by twelve other bilateral associations in Serbia in a short period of time, because they recognised the importance of this initiative, says our interlocutor.

“Under the slogan ‘How can we help you?’ we attempted during the pandemic to organise as many useful online conferences, webinars and club meetings as possible, in order to

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Which needs do members most often cite when addressing you today?

- During the strongest wave of the Covid-19 virus, at the end of March and during April, our members contacted us with various inquiries, the majority of which were related to imports and exports, blockages at borders, tougher customs procedures at EU entry points and obtaining work permits for workers during the police curfew. At the moment members are very interested in whether there are certain restrictive entry and exit measures still in place between Serbia and EU member states, as well as imports and exports. Business meetings and networking are also an important part of our activities, and members ask us when they will be able to start holding meetings in the flesh.

How has the rise in digital forms of communication impacted on the work of the CCIFS? Has it caused a change in your communication with members and regarding other Chamber activities?

- Digitalisation has been a priority of French chambers of commerce abroad for several years now. The global platform that connects members was launched two years ago and is used by an increasing number of members for maintaining contacts with companies worldwide. All our chambers are also users of the zoom platform, so this way of working wasn’t strange to us.

The Chamber was very active during the state of emergency and informed members about the situation in Serbia, but also in France, via regular email-based communications. All our regular activities (members’ meetings, sector-specific clubs,

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conferences and presentations) were organised fully online and completely free of charge, in order for us to provide members with verified and essential information at the right time.

Our team also performed all of its activities from home and was available to members at all times.

What do you consider as a key strength of the Chamber that manifested during Covid-19?

- I’m particularly pleased with the speed at which we reacted in a crisis situation – already on the first day of the state of emergency, following consultations with members from the ranks of small and medium-sized enterprises, we wrote to Finance Minister Siniša Mali requesting assistance measures for SMEs. And the key strength of the Chamber that came to the fore during the Coronavirus period was primarily the team spirit of all employees, who worked industriously during the state of emergency to ease the operations of members through sector-specific meetings and the organisation of webinars. Thanks to being part of the large network of French chambers of commerce abroad, our Chamber organised regional webinars on the topics of agriculture, transport and logistics, and energy, with French chambers of commerce based in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. These webinars enabled members to see how companies in the region confronted the pandemic, compare experiences and hear the opinions of experts and representatives of institutions.

gressing, and works on the modernisation and expansion of the airport are unfolding without major delays.

What will French Week look like this year?

- I sincerely hope we’ll have a more stable health situation in the country in November and that it will be possible for us to organise French Week, as we are accustomed to doing.

French Week will be opened with the traditional welcoming of Beaujolais Nouveau young French wine, in the presence of the Ambassador of France and members and partners of the Chamber. I believe this will be an opportunity for us to gath-

One of our priorities is also the presenting of Serbia and its economic potential to French companies, which we realise successfully through online B2B meetings and conferences with the network of French chambers of commerce abroad

Several important agreements concerning the economy were signed during 2019, while new projects were also launched. How will the new development of the situation influence the dynamics of these activities?

- Last year was of special importance for French-Serbian bilateral relations, because it was marked by the visit of President Macron and because that occasion saw the signing of numerous agreements between Serbian and French institutions and companies. The pandemic certainly has consequences for our bilateral relations, because a drop in economic activity has been recorded, and the number of inquiries we receive from French companies has also decreased. On the other hand, our large joint projects have suffered hardly any setbacks. At the end of May, an intergovernmental agreement was signed on a donation of 8.3 million euros to Serbia from France, which will enable the completion of feasibility studies for the first phase of the project to build a metro rail system in Belgrade. This signing is a significant and tangible stage in this symbolic and long-term project, and shows the commitment of the French government and companies to support Serbia until the completion of this project. Likewise, works on the incinerator in Vinča are pro-

er in large numbers and open the week by commemorating the French-Serbian friendship and trying to at least end one complicated year joyfully.

How will the CCIFS work in cooperation with colleges this year, and what will happen to the student work placements traditionally offered by French companies?

- The French-Serbian Chamber of Commerce last year signed a Memorandum of Cooperation with the University of Belgrade and accordingly initiated, just before the declaration of the state of emergency in Serbia, in cooperation with the University Career Development Centre, a panel discussion for students, “Skills of the Future”, in which panellists included representatives of the Chamber’s member companies who spoke about relevant topics related to employment, skills and abilities that make it easier for young people to secure employment, the impact of new technologies on jobs in the future, and about global connectivity. As far as the work placements are concerned, we regularly receive CVs of students from Serbia, but also from France, which we regularly forward to members in the case that they need interns. We will continue to connect our members with universities, also through the organisation of an online job fair under the scope of French Week and other events for students, in collaboration with members.

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BUSINESS

PRISCILIA DUBOCAGE, MANAGING DIRECTOR OF TOTAL HUB BALKANS

10 Years And Counting Total is one of the largest French companies and one of the four most successful oil companies in the world, with more than 100,000 employees in more than 130 countries on all continents. It is celebrating its 10th anniversary in Serbia and is still the only major oil brand with a direct presence in the country

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When you took over the position of MD from your preafety, respect for others, a pioneering spirit, the power of solidarity and a taste for performance decessor Almila Acan Kahvecioglu, you took over part of symbolise important parts of the identity of the her plans, but also brought some of your own. Are you Total Group. These values guide our actions and our satisfied with the speed of their realisation? relationships with our stakeholders, and we will continue - One year ago we discussed our future plans related to to justify the trust of our local commarket expansion of our high quality munity, says Mrs Dubocage.

Total has become a brand products and our most important projects. In 2020 we have successfully of choice in this area launched our global “New Lub Project”, Total is celebrating 10 years of operthe most important initiative in the ations in Serbia, while you are celeby creating value for each lubricants segment. Our ranges of lubrating a year in the position of genand every customer, and eral manager. Two nice reasons to celbricants have been entirely revamped to offer a high level of efficiency and ebrate, right? We are sure you have we are proud of that innovation. reasons to be satisfied and proud...

The TOTAL QUARTZ Auto Service network, a con- We are celebrating our 10th anniversary, still as the only major oil brand with a direct presence in Serbia. I am cept that reflects high quality service and a distinct glad that we made this choice, justified with the market visual identity, typical of partner auto services in Total’s potential, the recognition of our customers and partners network, is growing. Our industrial products market is for the quality of our products and services, as feedback expanding as well. We are particularly proud of FOLIA, that we can measure in our constant growth during these our revolutionary liquid used for metalworking, which is years. Having this proximity to customers has helped us showing significant growth. to better understand their needs, enabling us to design All of these projects gave us the possibility to pursue solutions for them. our wish to expand our presence in the region and we are

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satisfied with the speed of growth and dedication shown during this economic slowdown.

How do you assess the potential of this region, this market for which you are in charge?

- We were able to ensure great achievements in this region, by performing our everyday operations based on our core values. During these 10 years, we have learned about the local market, presented high quality products that cover the market’s needs, and customers have respected that.

I am optimistic, based on our results, and am looking forward to the growth of the both region and us, as a part of it.

You are focused on maintaining product quality, but also on social responsibility projects. Do both contribute to maintaining the strong position you have in the region?

- By being close to our customers, we are able to hear not only their product-related needs, but also a wider range of needs of our community. As one of our core values is the power of solidarity, we view socially responsible behaviour as part of our everyday business, and, yes, this approach has an impact on our strong position in the region. This year we recognised the precious contribution of paramedics and decided to donate lubricants to The City Institute For Emergency Medical Services, for their ambulance vehicles, to support them during the peak of the pandemic.

TOTAL is the only major oil brand that is directly present in Serbia. Thanks to that, do we get a service and products of the same quality as consumers from the most economically developed countries?

- Our customers in Serbia are able to get TOTAL quality standards like anywhere in the World. Depending on different needs and our market insights, we are able to recognise those needs and offer suitable product ranges and services. As the needs are changing and growing, we are expanding our offer. Over these 10 years we have built a high-quality portfolio tailored to the local market.

Can you tell us more about your current projects, such as the new packaging and the TOTAL QUARTZ Auto Service network, which you run successfully?

- With the “New Lub Project” we present our packaging changes, as well as our new premium product ranges of automotive lubricants. New packaging brought our range efficiency and a premium, distinctive design, all strongly committed to customers and in line with our sustainabilityorientated values. The first positive reactions have already arrived from our authorised distributors, who we’ve been able to rely on during all these years.

One of the places where you can also find this new offer is our TOTAL QUARTZ Auto Service network, which has dou-

bled compared to June 2019. With our TQAS Caravan serial, where we present our partners, we believe that our network is well known among customers and potential partners. We will continue to expand where it’s adapted.

There is a growing awareness of the need to protect the environment and reduce pollution. Your contribution is reflected in Total’s environmental programme.

Tell us more about it ...

- Our global ambition is to get to net-zero emissions by 2050, together with society, for our global business across our production and energy products used by customers.

Total is already seeking opportunities to reduce our emissions, improve our products and develop new lowcarbon businesses.

When it comes to product improvement, one of the improvements brought by our new packaging is related to sustainability. The new packaging allows us to incorporate recycled plastic and less virgin raw materials are used. We’ve already developed product ranges for electric vehicles and TOTAL QUARTZ XTRA range for the latest petrol, diesel or hybrid vehicles requiring fuel economy performance and reduced CO2 emissions.

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BUSINESS

MARINA CVIJANOVIĆ, FINANCIAL MANAGER, EKO BIO INVEST

Waste As A Top Raw Material Eko Bio Invest is a company that's starting to conquer the world's markets with products made from a material that represents an alternative to soft plastic packaging – organic fruit and vegetable waste. This material has no harmful effects on humans or the environment, as confirmed by certificates from the EU and the U.S.

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his company’s operations represent a textbook example of the circular economy, as they utilise waste as a raw material, creating new products that dissolve in water or decompose in the ground without added additives after use, and can then be used as a fertiliser.

Not much is known about your products that are innovative, and perhaps even revolutionary. Can you tell us more about them; present to us what Eko Bio Invest does?

- With our partner company, SAG Invest from Paris, we deal with products that are just starting to conquer world markets and that are an alternative to “soft” plastic. This is a material created from organic waste, from fruits and vegetables. It dissolves almost instantly in water at a temperature of 80°C, and decomposes in the ground within a period of 25 days to six months, without the use of additives.

It has no harmful effects whatsoever on humans or the environment, which is conformed by laboratory certificates we’ve received from both the EU and the U.S. This material is mainly used to make carrier bags and cling film wrap, while our offer also includes plates and glasses. Our products are classified in the category of biodegradable, but they differ from other products with this characteristic that are already present on our market because they don’t contain any trace of plastic and don’t require special treatment after use, in terms of separation, disposal in specially designed composting tanks or the use of additives.

How far have we progressed on the endeavour to produce packaging from organic waste that is completely degradable in water and under the ground?

- The solution is already here, it is in our hands! Now we have

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ahead of us serious work to familiarise the general public with such products. It will soon become a matter of personal choice whether we opt for a product that isn’t harmful or whether we use one that we know directly damages our health and is harmful to the environment.

Instead of continuing, through the food we eat, to ingest three to five grams of plastic a week, which is equivalent to a plastic payment card, we can already use products that don’t have any kind of harmful effects. We also expect an additional expansion of the range, thanks to our cooperation with the excellent team of the Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering. We have agreed double cooperation with IMGGE, in terms of testing domestic raw materials - fruit and vegetable waste generated in the domestic food industry - and in the area of conquering new possibilities and thus new applications for our material.

The term “circular economy”, along with the “Take - Make – Reuse” business model, only recently started being mentioned in our country. What are they about?

- The common production method is linear and based on the principle “Take - Make - Waste”, but now there is ever increasing representation of the model “Take - Make - Re-use”, I.e. the “circular economy”. Awareness of the limited nature of resources and the need to preserve the planet is leading ever more companies to switch to a closed-loop economy, or a renewable economy. Productivity is thereby increased, everything is used longer, and there is almost no waste. Renewable resources are used, the shelf life of products or components is extended, waste becomes a raw material, new values are created along with reduced costs, operations depend on research, development and digital technologies, alongside design for the future.

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BUSINESS

MIRJANA LUČIĆ, GENERAL MANAGER AT WEBER SRB, BIH, MNE

We're Growing Quickly And Efficiently The Saint-Gobain Group is a multinational group of companies, founded in 1665 in Paris. It is focused on the construction material markets, with the aim of advancing possibilities for the construction of residential and commercial buildings, energy savings and sustainable development

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e will invest even more in production capacities and expanding our range. We want to become a market leader thanks to our innovative solutions and services based on the winning combination of top local knowledge and international experience, announces company Weber.

The Saint-Gobain Group has existed for over 350 years and has been present in Serbia since 2002, with two factories and over 100 employees. What did the development path of your company look like?

- The group started operations as a manufacturer of mirrors, while it is today engaged in the design, production and distribution of various construction and high-performance materials used in many industries.

Since its establishment to this day, the basic aspects of the Group’s development have been inventiveness and innovation. As one of the world’s 100 most innovative companies, the Saint-Gobain Group collaborates with world-renowned universities and research centres, all with the aim of constantly improving its products.

The Group is today among the world’s leading industrial groups, operating in 68 countries and with more than 180,000 employees and sales revenues of 42.6 billion euros in 2019. Proof of its constant technological devel-

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opment is the fact that one of the Group’s four products didn’t even exist until five years ago. The group protects an average of around 400 patents per year, while the annual budget of its research and development sector total approximately 1.85 billion euros.

The Weber company became part of the international Saint-Gobain Group in 1996 and was itself founded in France in 1900. Weber operates in 68 countries around the world. The Saint-Gobain Group is today represented in Serbia by three subsidiaries: Isover, Rigips and Weber, with over 100 employees. The majority of employees work on Weber activity.

What distinguishes your products from the offers of competing companies, and there are undoubtedly ever more of them?

- The main characteristic of all solutions offered by Weber is top quality, as a result of many years of market experience.

Innovation is also a very important point in the strategy of Weber and Saint-Gobain. Our group invests constantly in research and development. We offer customers on the local market solutions that have been developed and applied in other countries where Weber operates, such as Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Turkey and many more.

Utilising our vast international experience, we operate

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locally, with an absolute understanding of customers’ needs and requirements. We are the perfect example of the philosophy “think globally, act locally”.

a facade in a photographic image of their building, in order to ease the process of deciding on the choice of material.

Your strategy is to continue your strong growth in the region, to invest in production capacities and expand In line with the digital transformation process that has the product range. How much will you rely on your own entered every pore of our lives and businesses, you capacities in doing that, and how much on the fact that have created the Weber - majstorica app. Can you tell you are part of a large and powerful us a little more about that?

French company?

- “Weber - majstorica” is the first apWe’re currently the only - Almost all of our products are made in plication of its type on our market.

Serbia. In Serbia we offer solutions for We developed it because we want company in the sector in facades, ceramics adhesives, grouts, to connect more with craftsmen, and this region to have two interior smooth plasters, paints for aplicatiors or installer on the markets production facilities interiors and facades, as well as prodof Serbia, Montenegro and Bosniaucts for floors. We import items from Herzegovina who use our materials the Rigips, Isover, Adfors, Glass, Abrasives and Ecophone every day. The speed of exchanging information between production programmes from our factories in Europe. In producers and users, as well as the preparation of proposline with the Group’s global strategy, we’re focused on enals for improvements based on information collected, is ergy saving, environmental protection and CO2 reduction. the starting point for all successful cooperation.

Given that Saint-Gobain construction materials Ltd. Our aim is to continue working to improve the “Weber Belgrade is supported by an international group, its financial majstorica” app and to increase the number of its users, all security enables us to grow quickly and efficiently. Our in order to better satisfy the needs of our customers. The goal is to become a reliable partner on the local market “E-Study” digital tool is in the final stage of development, in all of our strategic activities. which will enable our users to visualise the appearance of

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INTERVIEW

MANUEL BOUARD, DIRECTOR OF THE FRENCH INSTITUTE IN SERBIA

THE SERBIAN YOUTH Is Our Priority The health crisis compels us to consider new models of cooperation. We are working on the development of digital programmes that will complement existing ones and find their audience through adaptation to suit the needs of the modern world, says Mr Manuel Bouard, director of the French Institute in Serbia

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anuel Bouard, counsellor for cooperation and culture at the French Embassy in Belgrade and, as of recently, director of the French Institute in Serbia, does not face an easy mission. Specifically, he is expected to bring even further improvements to the already extremely high-quality programme and work of the institution he heads.

That provided ample reason for our interview.

As a counsellor for culture at the French Embassy in Serbia, you are familiar with the local culture scene. How would you describe it; what would you emphasise and what would you criticise?

- Many young creative artists provide dynamism to the artistic life of Serbia, and that is encouraging. We are especially joyful about the increasing presence of women in the world of comics, as well as in the field of fine arts. We follow them with enthusiasm. It is necessary for that independent scene in Serbia to be more visible. We are here to support the establishing of professional partnerships with the French cultural milieu. But culture in Serbia certainly also lives thanks to the Serbian institutions with which the French Institute regularly cooperates.

The French Institute has a recognisable and successful programme in Serbia. Will you initiate some changes aimed at improving it even more?

- Our long-term goals have not changed: we are working to promote cooperation and partnerships in the domains of culture, linguistics and science. We attach special importance to the decentralisation of events and the revival of cooperation across the entire territory. Many travelling projects, such as the French Film Caravan or the Climate Caravan, are appearing throughout Serbia, thanks to our branches in Niš and Novi Sad. However, the youth of Serbia is still our priority, because they are the future of the country and the future of French-Serbian

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relations. And that’s why a large number of our projects are directed towards them.

I would emphasise two strategic goals: defending the French language represents our traditional mission, but that language should no longer be considered only the language of culture.

Over 300 million people speak French. It is a language that enables travel and work in France, but also in Africa, Canada and many other countries. And that’s why we will work even more to highlight its advantages for the professional life of individuals.

Secondly, the health crisis compels us to consider new models of cooperation. We are working on the development of digital programmes that will complement existing ones and find their audience through adaptation to suit the needs of the modern world.

The state of emergency declared during the pandemic is, unfortunately, still a current topic due to the cancelling of plans and activities in all areas, including culture. How will you try to overcome the break in activity?

- Encounters are the heart of our work. It is a genuine form of suffering for artists, for people from the world of culture and ideas, that they cannot travel and make contact with the audience.

An entire way of life has been brought into question. That’s why we need to establish new links between our cultures, to focus on research, starting with the digital kind, which will enable respect for the imposed measures of distancing while still enabling debates and exchanges of opinions, which represent a source of creativity and a better life. The digital world and the world of social networks are our allies in this difficult time. Thus, French language courses are no longer held only at the French Institute, but also at a distance. These are the beginnings of our digital offer.

Francophonie, the trademark event of the Institute, was this year held in a form adapted to the situation imposed by the Cor-

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By SONJA ĆIRIĆ

onavirus. The positive side of that change is that our translators of French literature have been to the fore. Do you agree?

- Paradoxically, the health crisis shed light on the exceptional role of Serbian translators and their impact on the quality and intensity of cooperation and exchanges of ideas between Serbia and the Francophone world. The book is in the first place today... it is resistant to the social distancing measures imposed by the crisis! The work of translators is generally poorly acknowledged. And actually what they do is of essential importance, which we could see for ourselves during the Molière Days festival of literature that we managed to implement as soon as the state of emergency in Serbia was lifted. We showed the incredible wealth of translations of Francophone authors available to Serbian readers. Hundreds of the latest translations of authors from as many as 18 Francophone countries were exhibited at our Francophone Book Salon. However, the health crisis also hit the publishing world. The French institute will continue to support this sector, which represents one of the main pillars of our mutual cooperation.

The mission of every foreign culture centre or institute is to promote its home country through its culture. The latest programme of the French Institute to that end is the French Film Festival at the Drive in Cinema. Is this a sign that you’ve assigned contemporary art with the role of promoting good relations between our two countries?

- It is a fact that contemporary creativity provides the basis for strengthening mutual ties. The Festival of French Film is this year simultaneously taking place online and under the open sky, on Ada Ciganlija. This is just one example of our support for contemporary art. Seven French fine artists will present themselves at the October Salon, thanks to our partnership with the Belgrade Cultural Centre. One Serbian artist will soon take up residence at the International Centre for Comic Strips in Angoulême. All of this testifies to the importance we attach to contemporary creativity.

French National Film Centre, FEMIS and well-known production and distribution companies. The agreement on co-productions, which was renewed by the governments of our two countries last year, reflects the vitality of our relations in this area.

Since my arrival, the French Institute has signed an agreement with the Centre for the Promotion of Science in Serbia that relates to the promotion of scientific culture and the development of awareness about environmental protection among young people. Under the scope of the promotion of Francophonie, an agreement was signed with the National Museum in Belgrade on the publishing of a French version of its catalogue. We have been cooperating for many years with Matica Srpska. Novi Sad will be the capital of European culture in 2021, and we are participating in the

Over 300 million people speak French. It is a language that enables travel and work in France, but also in Africa, Canada and many other countries

Have you already established cooperation with some institutions in Serbia and, if so, on what grounds and to mark which occasions?

- We exist thanks to partnerships. Those that enrich French-Serbian relations should be nurtured, while new ones should also be created. Our two countries attach great importance to film art, and thereby also cooperation in that area. Many partnerships have been established between the Film Centre of Serbia, the

celebrations by establishing a partnership with the Novi Sad 2021 Foundation. These are just a few examples that illustrate the dynamism of cooperation. And we will continue to develop it.

What would you single out from your planned programme until the end of the year?

- In addition to the aforementioned, I would also single out the following events: on 23rd September a football tournament will bring together Belgrade high school students who are learning French, and its patron will be Mr Ćurković, a former president of the Serbian Olympic Committee and Partizan Football Club; The Francophone Careers Salon, which will be held on 28th October in Niš, will be an opportunity to present to students the advantages of the French language for studying and pursuing a career.

The Digital November event will take place from October to December and will provide an opportunity to highlight new information and communication technologies; the Climate Caravan, a project that we’re leading in cooperation with the European Union and that will this year start in Svilajnac in July, will travel around the whole of Serbia until the end of the year, in order to encourage young people to consider climate change.

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BUSINESS

DRAGAN MILIĆ, KEY ACCOUNT MANAGER, LGCF

We Offer Serbia 200 Brands LGCF was established in France in 1979 as a family company, while it is today the largest producer of wines in Europe. The company's production capacity totals three million bottles per day, while its products are distributed in 173 countries worldwide. With excellent results and major plans, LGCF is this year celebrating two decades of operations in Serbia

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ur market desires education and innovation, and we are here to provide that, together with our partners, through training courses, wine tastings and wine evenings. We try to ensure that the staff who sell our wines are sufficiently trained to present them in the right way to clients from the hospitality sector and consumers.

LGCF has been present in Serbia for 20 years. How many brands does your portfolio in our country currently include?

- In our portfolio available to consumers in Serbia there are about 300 different labels, or 200 different brands of wine and spirits in all pricing categories. When it comes to the portfolio, I must emphasise that, in addition to the top French wines that we produce, we also offer consumers Grand Cru Classe wines, as well as wines from other wine regions, such as those of Chile and California, which are extremely well received in Serbia.

Domaine de la Ville de Colmar from Alsace, Domaine de Tholomies from the south of France, Moillard from Burgundy and many others.

To what extent are our fellow citizens wine connoisseurs, and how much do people in the hospitality sector know? Are we prepared to learn? What is your favourite wine and which part of the world does it come from?

- The average consumer in Serbia is far from an educated consumer, but there is a clear desire and intention to learn. If we compare the current level of knowledge with the level from a few years ago, progress is evident. Previously only people like sommeliers were interested in wines and the wine scene, while now we have consumers from whom even we can learn a lot.

There is also noticeable progress when it comes to the hospitality sector, as they show a willingness to invest in their employees. They are great hosts who love everything and bring joy to everyone.

What they have to work on further is education. They also have to do additional work on the pricing policy, in order for wine not to become a product for the rich. It is absurd to pay more for a glass of wine in a restaurant than for dinner. I consider that as being one of the main reasons why the consumption of wine in Serbia is significantly below the level of consumption in other neighbouring countries.

I’m a big fan of red wines from the south of France, especially from the Minervois appellation. The level of alcohol, tannins and aroma are perfectly balanced to ensure they provide top wines.

One such wine, which is sold in Serbia, is Domaine de Tholomies.

And for times when the weather is nice I would recommend Fleurs de Prairie, a real summer wine that comes to us from Provence.

Our brands Agavita Tequila and Lordson Dry Gin are ranked among the top three brands in their categories in Serbia

Where can all your wines be found? Only in exclusive restaurants and wine shops, or are they also sold through the retail network? What sells best in our country?

- Our wines are available through all sales channels. And they occupy a significant place wherever they “appear”. When it comes to the retail sales channel, I would definitely single out the JP brands. Chenet, the world’s best-selling French wine, including in Serbia, Grand Sud, a wine from the south that people in Serbia rate exceptionally highly, Baron D’Arignac is present at a large number of celebrations, El Emperador, the best-selling wine from the new world in Serbia.

I would certainly single out the proud representatives of France in restaurants nationwide throughout our country Chateau Lestage Simon and Chateau Cantin from Bordeaux, 26

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KSENIJA KARIĆ, CEO, SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO LTD.

BUSINESS

Savings Are The Biggest Advantage Of Digitalisation Schneider Electric is among the leaders in the field of automation and energy management. Company’s business is based on developing innovative solutions that target end users in terms of the quality of services it provides and the development of the local economy, through the expansion of its network of local partners

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ur solutions contribute to improving the operations of our clients, changing their daily routine and creating opportunities for business innovation. With these solutions it is possible to achieve savings from 20 to as much as 80 per cent, reveals the new CEO of Schneider Electric Serbia and Montenegro Ltd. Congratulations on your appointment as CEO. You stated upon taking over this position that the priorities will not change. What expectations and plans do you have as you start leading the company?

- Thank you for the congratulations. Priorities are not changing, as Schneider Electric’s business is based on developing innovative solutions in the field of automation and energy management, targeting end users in terms of the quality of services we provide and developing the local economy by expanding our network of local partners. This is something that’s an enduring value of Schneider Electric and a principle that we are not abandoning. In this regard, it also reflects my expectations and further plans. It is for this very reason that I am convinced that in the future, no matter what challenges we face, we will continue to improve our products and services, securing the quality for which we are recognised.

and often neglects the biggest advantage it brings us – and that is savings. Moreover, it is important to keep in mind that digitalisation is not solved in one day, but is rather a long-term process in which a company prepares for the future and the challenges that lie ahead. Schneider Electric’s solutions contribute to improving our clients’ operations at multiple levels, by changing their daily routine and creating opportunities for business innovation. With those changes it is possible to collect large amounts of data from the systems themselves, to control and manage processes and energy consumption, analyse all collected data and, of course, realise great savings, from 20 to as much as 80 per cent.

Your innovative solutions, such as the EcoStruxure platform, easily find their way to users. Where has it been implemented to date?

- The EcoStruxure platform is based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology and serves as a basis for managing, running, automating and optimising systems locally or in the cloud. It combines all three levels - data collection, control and analytics. Our company has developed six “specialist” architectures according to area of application - EcoStruxure Building, EcoStruxure Plant, EcoStruxure Machine, EcoStruxure Grid, EcoStruxure IT and EcoStruxure Power, which have already found broad application in various industries. Although our platform is used worldwide, I will stick with the local market - our EcoStruxure solution has been implemented in Serbia by Nikola Tesla Airport, the hotels Hilton and Sheraton, the Green Heart GTC commercial building and the operations of others satisfied clients.

We have a team of excellent people, proven experts in their work, so I believe that we will achieve excellent results together

How do you help large industries and all of their users to keep up with trends in digitalisation? Can software from your portfolio accelerate the growth of your clients and help them operate sustainably and with significant savings?

- Digitalisation primarily implies the use of digital technologies,

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BUSINESS

SOMBOLED

Somboled - A Synonym For Successful Cooperation Between Serbia And France In The Dairy Industry

Enduring cooperation in the service of producing the highest quality products

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he world’s leading dairy group, France’s Lactalis Corporation, has been represented in Serbia since 2007 by company Somboled - one of the country’s most famous and successful companies in the production of milk and dairy products. Thanks to it belonging to this French group, as well as decades of experience in the production of dairy products and a tradition dating back to 1934, Somboled possesses the expertise that places it at the very top of the dairy industry.

Known for the freshness of its products and the preservation of its natural ingredients, this company brings a rich range of dairy products to the Serbian market, from milk, yoghurt and sour cream, to various types of cheese and other products.

For the production of milk and yoghurt under the scope of the Dukat brand, domestic raw materials are used exclusively, while membership in the Lactalis Group has enabled Somboled to bring the assortments of world-famous brands President and Galbani to the Serbian market. As such, consumers in Serbia today have available Mozzarella and Mascarpone from Italy, Roquefort, Camembert and Brie from France, as well as many other cheeses.

Apart from this, the President brand has been enriched with domestic dairy products, such as President Sombor cheese and spread, President Kajmak and President Pannonian white cheese. Somboled’s range was last year supplemented with the re-launched brand of the same name - Somboled, within the framework of which fresh milk and yoghurt are produced using local raw materials.

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CONTINUOUS COOPERATION WITH FARMERS EVEN UNDER DIFFICULT CONDITIONS The tradition of producing the highest quality milk and dairy products has been preserved thanks to numerous subcontractors with which Somboled has long-term cooperation.

The company today cooperates with 700 domestic farms, from which it buys raw milk in bulk. Even during the recently lifted state of emergency caused by the Covid-19 virus pandemic, the company maintained cooperation with all farmers and the regular purchase of milk at unchanged prices, supporting the sustainability of their operations during that period.

In accordance with this, all aspects of production, distribution and sales unfolded unhindered. Employees in all sectors of the company were provided with safe working conditions, which resulted in maximum safety in the production and distribution of dairy products, from the factory to the consumer. During the state of emergency, Somboled exerted great efforts to ensure continuous production and the regular supplying of retail chains, without reducing the number of employees or lowering the bulk purchase price of milk. Moreover, in order to help the state in the fight against the pandemic, Somboled donated five million dinars to the National Health Insurance Fund for the procurement of respirators.

Somboled continues to prove that it is one of the leading companies in Serbia in the field of milk processing and the production of dairy products, as well as that stable operations under all conditions is a priority, with the aim of providing consumers with their favourite dairy products of the highest quality.

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CCIFS Activities

The leading FrenchSerbian business network, the French-Serbian Chamber of Commerce, is an institution that brings together French companies in Serbia, as well as Serbian and other international companies that maintain trade relations with France or French companies. The Chamber is also a reliable partner to all companies from France wanting to obtain information about Serbia or launch operations in the country

The main role of the CCIFS is to enable its members to access its network of companies and exchange experiences and knowledge, establishing cooperation with other members in Serbia and around the world. In order to promote economic exchanges between France and Serbia and enable communication between member companies, the CCIFS organises about 40 different events annually.

Start-up Accelerator The CCIFS successfully implemented its Start-up Accelerator competition for the third consecutive year, representing a programme of free mentoring support for start-ups and enterprises established no more than a year ago. The White Lemur start-up was selected, with its SOMA project, which deals with the production of biodegradable material from agricultural waste to re-

place polystyrene in industry. During 2020, the winner will enjoy the support of the CCIFS Management Board, directors and managers of the largest French companies operating in Serbia, who will use their experience, contacts and ideas to help this start-up develop its business.

The winner also gains the right to membership in the Chamber, thus increasing its visibility and expanding its network of contacts.

Panel discussion “Skills of the future” The French-Serbian Chamber of Commerce, in cooperation with the Career Development Centre of the University of Belgrade, organised a panel discussion for students entitled “Skills of the Future”, held in the Ceremonial Hall of the University Rectorate. The CCFS last year signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the 29

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Informative updates were also sent on a weekly basis, featuring key general and economic information that drew parallels between France and Serbia.

Furthermore, there has been the continued unhindered staging of online meetings of clubs (Transport and Logistics, Infrastructure and Construction, CFO, HR, Digital and CSR), during which members exchanged experiences and advised each other about how to respond to various market demands during the time of crisis.

University of Belgrade and accordingly initiated a panel discussion for students, at which panellists, representing CCFS member companies, spoke about relevant topics related to employment, skills and abilities that ease the employing of young people, as well as global connectivity and the impact of new technologies on jobs in the future.

The event was opened with a welcome address given by Ivanka Popović, Rector of the University of Belgrade.

Monthly activities The Chamber organises three to four events per month, of varying formats, which represent an opportunity for members to meet, inform one another and, of course, enjoy socialising together. At the beginning of this year we thus organised a workshop on the French anti-corruption law Sapin II, as well as a series of online training sessions within the scope of our Training Centre.

Faced with the newly emerged situation caused by the coronavirus outbreak, we changed the format of the event and for the first time this year launched a series of webinars organised for our members. The topics mainly related to the impact of the coronavirus outbreak on business, among which we would single out Business during the coronavirus, Impact on agricultural and the food industry, Managing human resources during the pandemic, Government measures for companies: from the perspective of banks etc. Moreover, in cooperation with colleagues from six French chambers in the region, we organised regional webinars: Central Europe - what are the prospects for the supply chain? and The Processing Industry - a chance for Central and Eastern Europe, which brought together over 500 participants.

Launching the campaign “How can we help you?”

In the context of the outbreak of the Coronavirus pandemic and the crisis that gripped companies in Serbia, all with the aim of carrying out our main activity of supporting members, the French-Serbian Chamber of Commerce launched a campaign entitled ‘How can we help you?’. Throughout the duration of the state of emergency and afterwards, the entire team at the CCFS was available to members at all times, to provide them with the best possible assistance and support during the crisis period.

The French-Serbian Chamber of Commerce was the initiator in directing an open request to Economy Minister Siniša Mali seeking the implementation of ad-

ditional measures to support small and medium-sized enterprises. That initiative was supported by 12 other bilateral foreign chambers of commerce and organisations in Serbia.

At the same time, in agreement with member companies from the construction sector, the CCIFS sent a letter to the Ministry of Construction, Transport and Infrastructure with proposals to ease the conducting of business prompted by the Covid-19 virus pandemic.

A survey was also conducted to assess the impact of Covid-19 on the operational and financial activities of CCFS members on the Serbian market, the results of which will be made available to members, with a press release to be sent to the media.

Support services for French companies The French-Serbian Chamber of Commerce is working continuously to provide support to French companies wanting to develop business activities in Serbia. We help companies from France in researching market potential, finding clients and partners, opening branches and their general expansion on the Serbian market. The CCIFS is

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Business Centre at our premises in the heart of Belgrade, which has an offer including offices and office space in a co-working area, virtual offices and conference rooms in a unique French touch environment. Companies can register a firm at our address, or rent a desk for a certain period with access to the complete logistics, business and networking offer of our Chamber.

ranked in the third, highest category within the network of French chambers of commerce abroad, as it provides a complete service to French companies interested in the Serbian market: from initial information about the market, to opening and assisting in the running of an enterprise. The chamber has already been operational for eight years and has been an official partner of Business France, the national export promotion agency of France, since 2019.

Activities in France The French-Serbian Chamber of Commerce is regularly active in France, through participation in B2B meetings under the title Presenting Serbia in France, organised

by French regional chambers. During 2020 this format of events switched to the online format and continued at the same pace.

We are also present in France through the CCIFS director’s participation in the work of the Consultative Board of French Chambers of Commerce Abroad, which she was selected to become a member of in 2017, and which works on the reform of French foreign trade support.

Thus French companies that want to internationalise will in future have simplified access to each market, through the one-stop shop principle.

As an added benefit, by taking up residence at our LeBooster Centre, individuals and businesses become part of our business community and have access to our network of contacts, as well as the many events we organise.

French Week This is one of the Chamber’s most important events, which aims to promote French products, expertise and culture, through a series of events organised at various locations in the capital and beyond. The goal of French Week is to promote historical, cultural and business ties between France and Serbia, and the period during which it is held is connected to a widely popular custom in France - the reception of young French wine, Beaujolais nouveau. The broad and diverse contents of the event provide guests with the opportunity to participate in traditional French Week events; to learn some of the secrets of French cuisine, to taste good wine at the reception of Beajolais nouveau young wine, to sample famous French cheeses and other delicious delicacies.

Last year’s edition of the Online Employment Fair at www.francuskanedelja.rs was marked by a record 9,500 visits. French Week begins on 19th November 2020.

LeBooster - Business Centre CCFS Within the scope of our support for start-ups and enabling French and Serbian companies to more easily integrate on the local market, we opened the LeBooster 31

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GUIDE TO FRENCH ORDERS, DECORATIONS AND MEDALS

This brief overview of French orders, decorations and medals testifies to both the virtues that are worthy of awarding and the historical circumstances under which these decorations were established, but also the values promoted by the French state. In addition to prominent individuals, in exceptional cases these decorations can also be awarded to cities

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haleristics is an auxiliary science of history and numismatics that studies award decorations, their origin, development, organisational and legal characteristics, aesthetics, artistic expression and the social circumstances in which such decorations were introduced.

This is a brief overview of French orders, the moments in history when they were introduced and the ideas that prompted their introduction.

THE NATIONAL ORDER OF THE LEGION OF HONOUR (ORDRE NATIONAL DE LA LÉGION D’HONNEUR) The highest French decoration, which was established on 19th May 1802 by Napoleon Bonaparte, who was then First Consul of the First Republic, as a recognition of military or civilian merit regardless of the origin, religious affiliation or place of birth (homeland) of the recipient (at the time this was a revolutionary idea that was completely in line with the ideas of the French Revolution), under the condition that the candidate to be decorated is committed to the fundamental ideas of the French Revolution, which were freedom, equality and fraternity.

In line with Napoleonic ideas and ideals, membership in the National Order of the Legion of Honour is extremely egalitarian: recipients can be both women and men, civilians and military personnel, regardless of rank, status, birthplace or religious affiliation, so in principle people of any status can become members of the Order of the Legion of Honour. This Order is awarded in the ranks of knight, officer, commander, grand officer and grand cross.

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Médaille Légion d’Honneur Ordonnance Chevalier

How Belgrade Has Been Decorated

In order to be nominated for the Order of the Legion of Honour (as a rule, a person cannot submit their own candidacy, but the Order can be entered posthumously, which was introduced after World War I), a person must have amassed 20 years of exceptional merit during peacetime (this applies to civilians) or to show exceptional courage during wartime (this applies to military personnel). The Order of the Legion of Honour for War Merit automatically includes the awarding of the Cross of War (Croix de Guerre), France’s highest military decoration. The Order of the Legion of Honour has 92,000 members. A total of 2,800 people can be decorated annually, both for military and civilian merit, with the award able to be granted to a maximum of 320 foreigners who, unlike French nationals, cannot be members of the Order.

The motto of the Order is Honour and Motherland (Honneur et Patrie), and the seat of the Order of the Legion of Honour is in the Palace of the Legion of Honour (Palais de la Légion d’Honneur) situated on the left bank of the Seine in Paris.

In exceptional cases, this order can also be awarded to a city, which was the case when French Marshal and Honorary Duke of the Serbian Army, Franchet d’Espèrey, presented this recognition to the City of Belgrade on 21st December 1920.

Apart from Belgrade, only a few other cities outside France have received this decoration: Liege (Belgium), Luxembourg (Luxembourg), Volgograd (Russia), Algiers (Algeria), Brazzaville (Congo) and the latest in the group, London (United Kingdom), which received the award on 18th June this year.

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ORDER OF CHIVALRY (ORDRE DES ARTS ET DES LETTRES)

Arts et Lettres Chevalier

This decoration is mostly awarded to crown the realisation of a person’s career in the field of art and literature, with the recipient having already achieved their greatest results. However, it is sometimes awarded as a stimulus to youth, in order to encourage zeal, courage and an innovative spirit, which are necessary instigators of changes in our view of the world.

The order is awarded by the French Ministry of Culture to “persons who have distinguished themselves through creativity in the fields of art or literature and thus contributed to the artistic and cultural heritage of France and the world”.

Established in 1957, it “prompts respect and envy among artists, writers and creators”, according to André Malraux. It has three ranks, knight, officer and commander. This decoration is annually awarded to 450 new knights, 140 new officers and around 50 commanders worldwide, which is a relatively small number compared to many other decorations, making it even more prestigious.

Palmes académiques Officier

Ordre National du Mérite Chevalier

The National Order of Merit is a very important and prestigious French decoration that was established in 1963. French President Charles de Gaulle used it to replace a series of other decorations that had existed until then. It is awarded for special merit, on behalf of the President of the Republic of France, to both foreigners and French citizens, in the ranks of knight, officer, commander, grand officer and grand cross.

ORDER OF ACADEMIC PALMS (ORDRE DES PALMES ACADÉMIQUES) The Order of Academic Palms is awarded on behalf of the French Ministry of Education to prominent individuals who have contributed, and continue to contribute, to spreading knowledge and education, including internationally, and in particular to strengthening ties that unite two countries. This decoration, established more than 200 years ago, is awarded to French nationals and foreigners for their scientific and professional commitment, and their contribution to strengthening France’s global reputation. The decoration was established by Napoleon Bonaparte as an acknowledgement of eminent members of the University of Paris. Foreign nationals have also been able to receive this recognition since 1866.

The Order of Academic Palms has had three ranks since 1955: knight, officer and commander.

HONOUR MEDAL OF THE NATIONAL POLICE (MÉDAILLE D’HONNEUR DE LA POLICE NATIONALE) This decoration, established in 1903 at the request of Émile Combe, then French interior minister, is intended primarily for French civil servants who have achieved exceptional results in the performance of their duties, or for those who have amassed 20 years of impeccable interior civil service.

In exceptional cases it can also be awarded to foreigners who have contributed greatly to the work of the French national police. Since 2013 this medal has had two degrees - gold and silver.

Médaille d’honneur de la Police nationale

NATIONAL ORDER OF MERIT (ORDRE NATIONAL DU MÉRITE)

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CHARLES BAUDELAIRE, 1821–1867

Baudelaire Remains Strange is the fate of the poet Baudelaire: in his own time he was neither understood nor accepted, and was renowned the least. But as time passed, so his poetry became ever more influential. From it sprouted symbolism. It seemed that he reached the zenith of his fame at that time through his followers Mallarme, Verlaine, Rimbaud, Apollinaire and Breton.

That wasn't the case. As time goes on, Baudelaire becomes increasingly famous.

His rise does not cease, his currentness is timeless. André Gide was undoubtedly correct when he said: “Fashion passes, critics likewise, while Baudelaire remains” (Jovan Hristić)

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he son of Joseph-François Baudelaire and Caroline Archimbault-Dufays, Charles Baudelaire was born in Paris on 9th April 1821. Baudelaire’s father, who was his mother’s senior by thirty years, died when the poet was just six. Baudelaire was very close to his mother (much of what is known of his later life comes from letters that he wrote to her), but was deeply distressed when she married Major Jacques Aupick. The family moved to Lyon in 1833, where Baudelaire attended a military boarding school. He was kicked out of the school shortly before graduation for refusing to give up a note passed to him by a classmate. Baudelaire spent the next two years living in the Latin Quarter of Paris, pursuing a career as a writer and accumulating debt. It is also believed that he contracted syphilis around this time.

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In 1841 his parents sent him to India by ship, hoping the experience would help reform his bohemian urges. He left the ship, however, and returned to Paris in 1842. Upon returning, he received a large inheritance, which allowed him to live the life of a Parisian dandy. He developed a love for clothing and spent his days in the art galleries and cafes of Paris. He experimented with drugs, such as hashish and opium. He fell in love with Jeanne Duval, who inspired the Black Venus section of Les Fleurs du mal. By 1844, he had spent nearly half of his inheritance. His family won a court order that appointed a lawyer to manage Baudelaire’s fortune and pay him a small “allowance” for the rest of his life.

To supplement his income, Baudelaire wrote art criticism, essays and reviews for various journals. His

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early criticism of contemporary French painters, such as Eugene Delacroix and Gustave Courbet, earned him a reputation as a discriminating if idiosyncratic critic.

He published the autobiographical novella La Fanfarlo in 1847. His first published poetry also began to appear in journals in the mid-1840s. He published translations of the works of Edgar Allan Poe, whom he dubbed a “twin soul”, in 1854 and 1855, with the translations being widely acclaimed.

In 1857, Auguste Poulet-Malassis published the first edition of Les Fleurs du mal. Baudelaire was so concerned with the print quality that he took a room near the press to help supervise the book’s production. Six of the poems, which described lesbian love and vampires, were condemned as obscene by the Public Safety section of the French Interior Ministry. The ban on these poems was not lifted in France until 1949. In 1861, Baudelaire added 35 new poems to the collection. Les Fleurs du mal afforded Baudelaire a degree of notoriety; writers such as Gustave Flaubert and Victor Hugo wrote in praise of the poems.

Flaubert wrote to Baudelaire claiming, “You have found a way to inject new life into Romanticism. You are unlike anyone else [which is the most important quality].” Unlike earlier Romantics, Baudelaire looked to the urban life of Paris for inspiration. He argued that experienced increasingly poor health art must create beauty from even Writers such as Stephane in 1862. He left Paris for Brussels in the most depraved or “non-poetic” of situations.

Mallarmé, Paul Verlaine and 1863 to give a series of lectures, but from several strokes that Les Fleurs du mal, with its explicit Arthur Rimbaud claimed him suffered resulted in partial paralysis. On 31st sexual content and juxtapositions of as a predecessor. His works August 1867, at the age of 46, Charles urban beauty and decay, only added to Baudelaire’s reputation as a poéte were celebrated in the 20th Baudelaire died in Paris. Although maudit (cursed poet). Baudelaire doctors at the time didn’t mention enhanced this reputation by flaunt- century by thinkers and artists it, it is likely that syphilis caused his ing his eccentricities; for instance, he as diverse as Jean-Paul Sartre, final illness. His reputation as poet once asked a friend in the middle of a at that time was secure; writers such Walter Benjamin, Robert conversation “wouldn’t it be agreeable as Stephane Mallarmé, Paul Verlaine to take a bath with me?” Because of Lowell and Seamus Heaney and Arthur Rimbaud claimed him the abundance of stories about the as a predecessor. His works were poet, it is difficult to differentiate fact from fiction. celebrated in the 20th century by thinkers and artists as Baudelaire continued to write articles and essays diverse as Jean-Paul Sartre, Walter Benjamin, Robert on a wide range of subjects and figures throughout the Lowell and Seamus Heaney.

1860s. He was also publishing prose poems, which were Baudelaire’s poetry left a legacy of conciseness posthumously collected in 1869 as Petits poémes en prose and perfection of form, precision and symbolism of (Little Poems in Prose). By calling these non-metrical language, special rhythm and musicality of verse, a compositions poems, Baudelaire was the first poet to gloomy experience of the world and pessimism. Synesmake a radical break with the form of verse. thesia, that most beautiful and richest metaphor, was Baudelaire began suffering from nightmares and created in this poetry.

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