School Edition AUG 2016

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Edition AUG 2016

DWIB

AHA

& Kes SA Kaj m/s 3 8-42 ian

Berita

COVER STORY

YOUTH NATION

BACK TO SCHOOL

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FEATURES

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A Hypersafe Cybersafe

how things work

how doES SUNSCREEN work?

UV rays can be harmful so here we show you how sunscreen protects you from their damaging effects.

40

KES KAJIAN - SEJARAH

PENGARUH HINDU & BUDDHA DI ASIA TENGGARA

Candi Borobudur dan Prambanan merupakan pusat tumpuan pelancong di Indonesia. Pelajarilah kaitannya dengan kerajaan-kerajaan awal di Asia Tenggara.

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Case StudY – Science

USING IMMOBILISED ENZYMES IN MEDICAL DIAGNOSTICS

Find out all about the role enzymes play in changing the colours on reagent test strips, in this case study.

48

Case Study - Business

FIVE SMALL BUSINESS IDEAS YOU CAN START NOW

Keen to be the next Zuckerberg-styled entrepreneur?

Here are some ideas to get you started.

52

Case Study – English

CAN DOGS UNDERSTAND ENGLISH?

They seem to understand our words but find out if science agrees, right here.

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Case Study – IT

BIOMETRICS IN PASSPORTS

How does biometrics in passports work? Read all about it in this case study.

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Case Study – Global perspectiveS

HOW RELIABLE IS ONLINE INFORMATION?

Ever felt foolish after falling for an internet hoax? Find out how to prevent it.

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CONTENTS

feature

The internet can turn out to be a dangerous place for young ones. Here we read all about making the internet a safe place for them.

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SCHOOL ED

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COVER STORY

THE YOUTH OF THE NATION

Find out what young Malaysians feel about the country and their aspirations for the future.

SIGHTS & INSIGHTS FROM THE EDITOR

takenote

AUGUST 2016

FROM THE EDITOR

EDITORIAL

THE TEAM Mac Sivanesan

Publisher

MAC@CMR.MY

Editorial Director

Subashini Nair

Deputy Editor

Geetha Bai

Writers

Eusoff Andrei

SUBA@cMR.my

geetha@cMR.my

eusoff@cMR.my

Nur Amira Nazeha Abd Aziz

Follow us on: <Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/campusplus> <Twitter: http:// twitter.com/campusplustweet > <Instagram: http://instagram.com/campusplus> <www.campusplus.com.my>

MIRA@cMR.my

Christopher Yee Seng Hong

O

nce upon a time, we were a great maritime empire. We ruled over the Straits of Malacca. We travelled the seven seas and the world. Then they came from the West. They were driven by gold and glory. They came not in peace. Our empire fell under their superior firepower. First it was the Portuguese, then the Dutch and finally the British. And for more than 400 years, they stole from the rich, the poor and the very poor. But they failed to steal our hearts and relentlessly, we fought on.

Through democracy and diplomacy, our forefathers paved the way to independence. Finally, on Aug 31, 1957, we won our independence. Fast forward to present day, the Independence Day has been reduced to a war film which the present generation resonates with. But there are still many youth who feel strongly and patriotic towards their country. Find out what these young Malaysians have to say about their country on page 14.

chris@cMR.my

Contributors

Nadhirah Rafidz Megat Adilfayed Brennel Christian Tan

General

Editorial

CREATIVE

NEWSDESK@CMR.MY

Art Director

Suzanne Chuah

Senior Graphic Designer

Lam Jian Wei

Junior Graphic Designer

Ahmad Faidhi

Visual & DI

Kamil Haziq

ZANNE@CMR.MY

jw@cMR.my

FAIDHI@CMR.MY

CORPORATE

HAZIQ@CMR.MY

Corporate Communications

Nancy P

Events Managers

Jeyasekhar M

Haziq Hilman

Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t forget to check out the cyber safety article on page 18, as it explores how vulnerable we can be on the World Wide Web. On that note, I hope everyone enjoys the Merdeka holiday with family and friends, and I wish our readers inspiration and empowerment within these pages.

Selamat Hari Merdeka!

Till next month,

a

Sub

nancy@CMR.MY

jeya@CMR.MY

HILMAN@CMR.MY

SPONSORS

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SCHOOL ED

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NEWS

AUG 2016

Granita Art Jam brings out Artistic Talent in Students The Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf® (CB&TL) Granita Art Jam Competition, an exclusive collaboration with The Design School at Taylor’s University Lakeside Campus, saw David Ho Ming Aun bagging the grand prize with his Fresh Nouveau. Amir Norman bin Shamsuddin came in second with Treat Yourself while Gabriella Adytanthio and Madina Berkenova came in third with A Sip of Summer. Aside from having their artworks on display for a month, they also received prizes including the CB&TL Kaldi Single Serve Machine, a Beverage Capsule Starter Box with the Pavina Glass Set, as well as a gift hamper and TCB cards.

The food battle of KDU The annual Power Chef competition of the KDU University College’s School of Hospitality, Tourism and Culinary Arts (SHTCA) has named another two champions of cooking: Tee Lih Rong and Low Mei Shin of Confucian Private Secondary School.

Two contenders from a multitude of 110 students from 20 secondary schools in the Klang Valley, Tee and Low had to go through three categories – the Mocktail Challenge, and the Hot Cooking Challenge which was split into the appetisers and main dish challenge, and uses predetermined ingredients hidden in a black box, all with points tallied for each round.

First runner up went to Eunice Teh Jun Yi and Putri Nurashikin Samsul Bahari from SMK Assunta, second runner up winners were Choo Kok Kent and Kee Yen Thon from Sekolah Sri Bestari, fourth place belonged to Mugilan Naidu A/L Ravinthran and Amirrul Aiman Bin Anuar from Victoria Institution, and fifth place went to Nur Iftita Rahmi Bin Yawaldi and Noor Aswaliza Binti Abu Baker of SMK Bukit Rahman Putra.

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CHICKABOO RAISES FUNDS TO BUILD FOUNDATION FOR ANIMAL AWARENESS Malaysia’s most famous road-runner and social media sensation, Chickaboo, attended Sunway University’s Open Day, to the delight of students and their parents who queued up to meet the celebrity ostrich and her friends.

Visitors eagerly queued to meet and take selfies with Chickaboo and her feathered friends. They also contributed to the soon-to-be-established foundation by paying a token sum to feed the birds. Darren Chow, Chickaboo’s owner, is an animal lover and has been a wildlife curator. He currently conducts animal preservation and welfare education programmes for children.

NEWS

Nivea Empower Run 2016 NIVEA Pearl & Beauty organised the Empower Run 2016 on 5th June to encourage women to pursue their aspirations. Opened to online applicants, participants were given a running kit that included NIVEA Pearl and Beauty deodorant spray, a T-shirt, tutu skirt and much more. The tutu skirt was given as a symbol of femininity. The event showed 2,000 participants running at Setia City Mall, oval field with the mission to defy all boundaries in life.

Celebrate Hari Raya at Pavilion KL For the first time in history, Pavilion KL collaborated with Media Prima Berhad to create a second hometown in celebration of Hari Raya Aidilfitri. Laman Idaman was launched at the centre court of Pavilion that was decorated with an illuminating garden of traditions. Media Prima Berhadâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Syukur Selalu ambassadors, Fasha Sandha, Janna Nick, Amar Aysraf, Hafidz Roshdi and Raja Afiq, were present to share their anecdotes for Hari Raya celebration.

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Taylor’s students blasting off!

It was two lucky Taylor’s American Degree Transfer Program (ADP) students’ chance to reach for the stars as they embarked on an once-in-a-lifetime experience in Alabama, United States amidst 150 other students.

Ng En Vi, 19, a second-year student majoring in business, and Lucas Ng, 18, a first year engineering student spent an intensive week learning the ropes in NASA’s control room, space orbiter and space station, and were faced with various challenges such as simulated astronaut training exercise, jet simulations and scenario-based space missions.

The experience allowed Lucas to “open (his) eyes to the potential (they) had as future leaders when they worked towards the same goal”, and that they were able to “project their ideas and thoughts effectively and look at the broader picture.”

ARTS & CULTURE

AUG 2016

Common cultural misconceptions Clearing up your misunderstandings

M

alaysia is known for its diversity of race, religion and culture throughout the world. While this is something we are all proud of, not all of us know everything about this country and its people. Here, we have list of a few of those misconceptions to help clear things up for you.

Why Muslims puasa

Halal food does not just mean “no pork”

Singh vs Sikh

Many people assume that Halal food means that the food does not contain any pork or lard.

However, in order for food to be Halal, it also has to meet certain conditions including how the animal was slaughtered.

Carnivorous animals and birds of prey are not Halal too.

“Keling” was not originally an insult Calling an Indian “keling” is just plain rude. But did you know that it wasn’t like that in the past? In Melaka, it is believed that people would refer to Indians as “keling” because they originated from Kalinga in ancient times which did not even exist during the time when Indians came to Malaysia.

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Puasa month is a time where Muslims fast during the day and only eat at night. But do you really know why Muslims spend a whole month every year to fast? It is because they believe that by fasting they can know what life is like for the people who cannot afford a lot of food for their families.

People get confused between the two terms and use them wrongly. Sikh refers to a person who practices Sikhism while Singh is a title used by Sikh men, which means lion.

Vegetarian or vegan?

Is it vegetarian or vegan?

What’s the difference?

A vegetarian is someone who doesn’t eat meat but still consumes animal byproducts such as dairy and eggs. On the other hand, a vegan is an individual whose diet does not contain any meat, eggs and dairy products.

Some Buddhists don’t eat beef Not sure which Buddhist friends of yours can eat beef and which can’t? We’ve been there too and unfortunately the only way to find out is to ask them. In Malaysia, a common belief is that Buddhists who worship Guan Yin do not eat beef out of respect because they believe that Guan Yin’s father was reincarnated as a cow due to his crimes. Some Buddhists don’t eat beef as they believe that animal slaughter is cruel and goes against their teachings.

The origin of the word “mamak” You can’t call yourself a true Malaysian if you’ve never been to a mamak stall, can you? But did you know the term “mamak’ comes from the Tamil word “mama” which means uncle and was originally used a lot in the northern regions of Malaysia especially Penang.

Curry, Curry, CURRY! Curry is a staple in Malaysian cuisine.

It is believed to have originated from India and it continued evolving until it became the curry we all know and love. Indian curry is the generally known to be spicy and is usually yellow or red in colour and there are more than 100 different types of curry dishes in India.

From religious matters to simple food origins, these are some of the most common and simple misunderstandings that we should be aware of. There are many more things that a lot of people do not know, so if you are one of the few who know one or two common misconceptions, then we hope you will share it with the people around you. SE

WEIRDWACKYWORLD

www AUG 2016

The Green Giants of Alaska

The Venice of the North – Giethoorn

“Row, row, row your boat; gently down the stream,” may just be a nursery rhyme to the rest of the world, but to the citizens of Giethoorn, it is their daily life, and the way they get around town.

One of the few auto-free zones in the world, there are absolutely no vehicles running on gas (although it has been known to make certain exceptions).

Nicknamed “The Venice of the North”, the people of Giethoorn travel about by rowing boats through an intricate channel of canoe trails instead of roads and highways.

As a result, the entire village has an incredibly picturesque, dream-like view not unlike that of the Shire of Lord of the Rings, but with rivers. I’d imagine you’d be able to take a deep breath without smelling any kind of smoke in the air there too. Although, I’d shudder to imagine what kind of traffic jams they encounter when it’s winter.

If you’ve ever dreaded your parents telling you to “finish up your vegetables”, you probably won’t be ecstatic to find out about the fact that plants larger than a fully grown human being exist.

Due to Alaska’s days being far longer than their nights during summer – up to 19 hours per day, the vegetables get an abundance of sunlight, allowing them to keep growing when plants in other parts of the world have stopped. The constant sunlight also makes the plants sweeter, as they spend 3/4th of the day creating sugar, and only 1/4th of it turning it into starch.

As a result, despite Alaska’s growing season being shorter than most countries, when plants there grow, grow they do; creating an entire crop of monster vegetables that are big enough to warrant the rental of a lorry just to haul them around.

Underwater Jams

Have you ever tried talking to someone underwater, only to have a weird, gurgling whale noise and a bunch of bubbles come out? Well, a band in Denmark, named Between Music, has completely mastered the art of playing music underwater.

Using specialised instruments, such as a hydraulophone, violin, electromagnetic harp, chimes and percussion, and even a distinctive vocal technique for underwater singing, their performances and music have distinct, eerie qualities to it that might even be soothing for some.

Taking years of experimentation and countless test-runs, the band has evolved to not only be an auditory marvel, but a visual one as well. The band performs in individual man-sized fish-tanks, and doesn’t use any oxygen tanks. Instead, they pop their heads up for air every so often.

w

The Land of Croaking in Croatia

One vacation spot that many never knew they needed, Froggyland features a display of 507 stuffed frogs, meticulously arranged upon extremely detailed miniature furniture. Situated in Split, Croatia, the curious museum is one that draws children and adults alike to check out the interesting displays.

Featuring frogs playing tennis, sewing, attending class, and even doing incredible acrobatics, these amphibious creatures reflect the life of 1920s human beings in perfect detail, displaying not only a perfect specimen of frog taxidermy, but also an idea of what life was like back in that time period.

The work of taxidermist Ferenc Mere between the periods of 1910-1920, the frogs are stuffed through the mouth, so that there are absolutely no incisions on the body of the little critter.

COVER STORY

IN

YOUTH The time for celebrations is now as Merdeka is just around the corner. We all know that the adults have their parades and parties planned, but what about the young Malaysian children who represent the future of our country? How do they feel about our country and how far are they willing to go to celebrate what is arguably one of the most glorious days for Malaysia? We managed to talk to a few of them and here are some of their answers.

How important is Malaysia to yo u?

Malaysia is very impo rtant to me as this is wh ere I grew up, from a baby un til now - Malaysia is my home.

How do you pl an on helping the country advance in the future?

I hope to make the country a better an d safer place to live in, where educati on and healthcare is better and free for all those in need.

to going overseas Do you plan on ? udies further your st but if I do, I would ce an ch the ve ha I am not sure if Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll dies. tes to further my stu like to go to the Sta r you finish to return afte Are you going laysia?

Ma in d work your studies an dy and stu to ing at Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m go It will depend on wh ies in nit rtu po op strong job whether there are I would ll, we es go all lucky and if Malaysia but if Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m because all my home to Malaysia like to come back and I would love d friends are here family, relatives an to be with them.

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How will you be celebrating Me rdeka this year?

By hiking up Mount Rinjani in Indonesia to place the Malaysian flag on the peak of the mountai n!

Are you proud to

call yourself a Malaysian?

Yes I am! Malaysia Bo leh!

? to you laysia a M I was is re t is whe portan cause this e b How im e m ant to is import raised.

Malaysia born and nt e curre out th b a k in h ? o you t ountry What d een f the c o e try has b t n a u t s lly, this co a ic m o n say. Eco ly. able late Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s hard to quite unst

Amirah H 17, SMasya Bt Ab K (P) Sri Amd Aziz an

overseas?

Do you plan to study ia after studying. lays Ma Yes and I will come back to ily and my close fam my ly My first concern is definite h to spend wis I m who relatives in Malaysia with ia is my lays Ma o, Als e. as much time as possibl ent job dec a for k loo to motherland, so I would love ke contributions to our here and try my best to ma oad. country after studying abr

Ai XiKnDU , Sri

17

most What do you love the ? sia lay Ma t abou nicity, culture and beliefs Diversity. The diversity in eth ty, harmony and tolerance in Malaysia which forms uni within the nation.

BY: NADHIRAH RAFIDZ, Megat Adilfayed Khairuddin & BRENNEL CHRISTIAN TAN

Asokan L / A y a ill Shivan P16, Sri KDU

a Merdek rating b e l e c e you ar?

How ar ough this ye l even th at schoo g n ti h the it ra b w be cele elp out h ly ll b I’ a , b lf ro e I’ll p s I can. day its s much a Merdeka a n n o o ti t o ra n it’s e celeb ons for th preparati lf yourse to call d u o r up Are yo ysian? se I n becau a Mala Malaysia a lf e ing s y call m reathtak ess the b proud to n it m a w I find , to s ’t Ye en able you can have be y which tr ’t n n u ld o u c o w of this s. nd nature countrie culture a in other

Jo

17, SMshua Lim K Kel ana Ja ya

overseas to Do you plan on going yes, where?

If s? further your studie her my studies furt to Yes definitely! I would love ly would go to bab pro but in the United Kingdom nent residence ma per e hav Australia since I already for me. there which is an advantage

Goh CherSylri KDU

urn after you finish Are you going to ret rk in Malaysia? your studies and wo ut that yet. It really I’m not particularly sure abo nomy in Malaysia. If the depends on state of the eco stable, my income would economy in Malaysia is not me to work here. not be satisfying enough for

17,

st proud of as What are you mo a Malaysian? es. k multiple languag to The ability spea e to your pe to contribut What do you ho ? re tu fu country in the e a better future. On to try un co the d To be able to lea top one of the and Malaysia being with no corruption . rld wo nations in the

Chow 17, Sr Ai Ling i KD U

The rising issue: Brain drain

S

tudies show that a whopping 93% of Malaysians are prepared to leave the country in search of better jobs should the opportunity arise with a majority of them stating that they’d prefer to work in Singapore.

Many students are unsure of their future and are thinking about working overseas after graduation. This has become a big problem as the future of Malaysia rests in the hands of the children. Is this really okay?

Why has this become an issue? And is there any way for us to prevent the migration of these young Malaysians?

Many of us are proud to be called Malaysians and have many things we love about this country. However, why are there still so many of us who would rather move overseas to work? This is clearly a major problem and what’s worse is that there are many varying reasons as to why they would want to leave Malaysia.

“I think I would work outside of this country first to build up my economic stability and then maybe come back down and settle here.”

- Amirah Hasya Bt Abd Aziz, 17, SMK (P) Sri Aman It isn’t surprising that most students are willing to work overseas after graduating given the current state of our country’s economy. Majority of them say that they

worry for their financial stability in the future should they decide to work in Malaysia. Thus, it’s only been feeding their desire to move out of the country in the future.

“I want to go traveling and see the world for what it really is with my own two eyes.” Does this sound familiar to you? Even if it’s not the case for all of the students, a large number of them dream of seeing the many beautiful places on this Earth but only a small portion of them are actually able to live the dream as travelling demands a big enough wallet.

Unfortunately, the basic salary offered by most Malaysian companies are insufficient for the young and hopeful graduates.

Finding the cure Malaysians would most definitely not have the most secure of futures should this problem be allowed to grow any further. We feel that it is important for this country to have its most brilliant graduates working to improve the country and help it develop into one of the world’s leading countries. It is known that we have managed to successfully nurture many talents and geniuses into world class

employees but we need to start giving them reasons to stay.

As life is littered with the many problems we have to face every day, we as Malaysians have to stand together in order to combat our country’s issues. Patriotism definitely plays a key role is resolving this matter in the future.

“The Youth of a Nation are the trustees of posterity.”

– Benjamin Disraeli The youth of our country will only be stronger and better if their love for Malaysia is greater. SE

FEATURE

AUG 2016

A

Hypersafe

T

he internet is an amazing place – it allows friends to connect with each other, it allows people to find out about new things and have fun with various entertainment, and it is literally a treasure trove of information. However, the internet can be an extremely dangerous place for young ones – there are always people with unsavoury attitudes, and predators with intentions that are anything but pure.

Hence, it is extremely important that safety be a top concern to parent and child alike. Fortunately, the Communication and Multimedia Content Forum of Malaysia (CMCF) is here to help by governing content and address content related issues.

Here are a few tips from them to make children’s ventures into cyberspace a little safer.

BY: CHRISTOPHER YEE

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• •

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If a child reports being approached online, immediately collect as much information as possible, including the screen name or e-mail address of the person who contacted the child; the URL of the chat room, if applicable; and the date and time of the contact. Then report the incident to the local police or CMCF. Move router to family areas instead of their rooms.

Talk specifically to students about the diversity of online dangers, including threats, demands, or insults. Address the

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•

•

•

•

Cyberspace

problem of non-sexual as well as sexual victimisation on the Internet. Make students and parents aware of the existence and locations of resources for reporting and dealing with Internet offenses.

One of the key things is to start the process of discussing online safety with your children at an early age, when they start to do anything that involves the Internet.

The best advice to give to your own family and friends is encapsulated as follows: “If you wouldn’t do it face to face, don’t do it online” The Internet is a fantastic place, but you have to be careful what you do and say when you are there. Don’t say things which you wouldn’t talk about in conversations with your family, think about what you do and say, you may well regret what you do by hurting someone or being hurt yourself.

The first and most fundamental principle is that children never, under any circumstances, browse the Internet or mobile devices unaccompanied.

They may have iPad Mini devices at which they are more adept than most adults. You must set the devices to forget the WiFi access code so that they cannot get online without parental supervision.

•

•

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•

You can set them up with their own personal private clouds through the Respect Network in all the devices that they can or could access the internet, which has a Passcode that only you know and each device has blocks on sites that are considered risky.

Enforcing boundaries and engaging in age-appropriate open discussions about your child’s online activities will encourage your young cyber minds to learn the benefits and realise the dangers of the internet.

Please call CMCF at (603) 7954 8105 or email secretariat@cmcf.my if you need advice or assistance in safeguarding your child’s cyber activities.

You may refer to the CMCF Content Code which can be downloaded from www.cmcf.my. SE

BOOK REVIEWS

AUG 2016

All The Bright Places by: Jennifer Niven

shattering glass by: gail giles

Described as a cross between ‘The Fault in Our Stars’ and ‘Eleanor and Park’, this novel shows what happens when a suicidal boy meets an ambitious girl with a desire to leave town. The boy, Theodore Finch, has a morbid fascination with death, so much so he constantly thinks of ways to end his life. However, every time he is about to die, something good always manages to pull him away from the edge. When he meets Violet Markey, they become each other’s redemption. However, as Violet’s world expands, Theodore’s world does the opposite.

Simon Glass was an overweight nerd languishing at the bottom of the high school hierarchy, until Rob Haynes showed up. The two appear to be complete opposites on the surface, but Rob immediately takes Simon under his wing and grooms him into prom king material. Better yet, he enlists the help of ladies’ man Bob and athlete Coop, so nothing could possibly go wrong. It all seems peachy, until powerhungry Rob discovers a sinister side to Simon that unfolds along with his new social status. When Simon stumbles upon a dangerous secret, he pays dearly for it, setting off a dark chain of events.

Extraordinary Means BY: Robyn Schneider

A Malaysian Restaurant in London BY: tunku halim

Fans of John Green’s ‘The Fault In Our Stars’ will find this an interesting read. Aged only 17, Lane is sent to Latham House, a sanatorium for teenagers suffering from terminal tuberculosis. This is where he meets Sadie. She is someone he knows from a long time ago, but she has changed. At the school, she is fearless and magnetic, and Lane is helplessly drawn to her. As they grow closer, trouble arises as Latham House doesn’t necessarily tolerate secrets, and the illness begins to rear its ugly head.

Fans of the horror genre have probably devoured the author’s bestselling ‘Horror Stories’ over and over again. This one is a haunting novel of love and healing. It all begins with Kenny Leong, a university student opening up a new restaurant in London with his two brothers.

His Irish friend, Trevor works for him as a waiter. Things start out glum, as the restaurant’s business can’t seem to pick up. That is, until the junior chef Faizah cooks up a new mysterious dish. From that moment on, everything changes.

KICK START YOUR AMBITION WITH US NOW! Do you want to showcase your talent or skills but you don’t know where to start?

No worries, CMR has two programmes for senior school students.

HIGH SCHOOL APPRENTICE PROGRAMME Spend up to two weeks with the best companies in Malaysia to learn what your future career is like! From agriculture to journalism, we’ve got something for everyone. Upon completing this programme, each intern will receive an official certificate from CMR.

THE SCRIBBLERS Want to get published before your 18th birthday? Yes, please! We want to publish your original work in our magazine and website, so here’s your opportunity to impact the world. All forms of writing rock our boat so get in touch with us now!

Send your articles to scribblers@cmr.my

Before you even know it, you’ll have an Awesome Resume while still in school!!!

Campus Media Resources Sdn Bhd (810574-K) D2-02-01, Block D2, Pusat Perdagangan Dana 1, Jalan PJU 1A/46, 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan.

T: 603-7842 6688

CAREERCHAT

AUG 2016

family r un at. a r e v o g y fe Takin ver an eas company e n is s s e e busin ked with th d, Lim Tayar, for r o w g in v de Ha father foun -year-old Clement is h h ic h 2 w 3 years, 3 tly known the past 1 ads what is curren ther with e e Lim now h ings Sdn. Bhd. tog esource r old as CKL H who heads human e. his sister and financ

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What did you study and what were you doing prior to taking the reins of the business?

I studied culinary arts in Switzerland. I went in that direction because I didn’t feel that I enjoyed academic studies and I felt I would do better using my hands. Growing up, my father told me that if you were to do something skill related as opposed to something where everyone gets the same opportunity such as finance and accounting, it never leaves you – given that you practice, of course. I was working in the culinary field for a short while locally after my graduation and 13 years later, here I am.

Ever since taking over from your dad, how has the experience been for you?

I wouldn’t say taking over. I actually have a running joke with my sister - my dad can come in for just a while and tell us a few things which will solve many of our problems. As for now, I don’t think we have the sufficient experience to take over. He still mentors us and tells me the things which I may not want to hear but better from him than from anyone else, in my opinion.

Why do you think your dad chose you and your sister to take over the company?

He was smart. He actually chose me and my sister as we both have different qualities and the company is at a stage where one person will not be able to run the show. When the company first started, things were done based on gut impulses.

Now, we have more processes and shareholders to answer to and more employees, 350 to be exact, whom we cannot disappoint. It has been made very clear to us that although it’s a family business, if we’re not good enough to run the show, someone else will be brought in to do it.

What qualities would you look for in your successor?

I would say someone who can bring the company forward. Every company has its own DNA which is why you have to be innovative and open to ideas. One of the key strengths that we have right now is that anyone can walk into our rooms and ask for advice. My successor would have to be one who embodies who we are.

How are you taking the company forward and making sure that it remains relevant?

By taking risks: we started off as a retail tyre store and we do have good branding. We went on to establish the School of Skills, and moved on to other ventures from there. It’s all about taking risks, adding value to the business, and solving issues.

Since your dad is mentoring you, what differences have you realised between your management style and his?

I never got to see him when he was young and going all-out so this is going to be based on what I’m seeing right now. Everyone says we’re similar in terms of how we talk and how we think but he grew up in a less competitive environment where hard work would get you through. Today, we have an army to help so our management style is really very different.

Then, he was managing a company, we are now managing people. Today, we have a lot more to lose.

What work or life experience would you say has prepared you for your current role?

Exposure through travelling: I’ve been exposed to different societies and different environments. Every time you travel, you see something good practiced elsewhere and you

have the choice of adopting that habit into your daily life and becoming a better person because of it. Even now, when we travel, we share these values with our staff.

What is your advice to youth wanting to run their own businesses?

Don’t do it unless you’re prepared to work seven days a week. Let me give you an example. Over the past few years, there have been a lot of cafes popping up but they close either on Tuesdays or Mondays and they open at odd hours. If you want to open a café, cater to people’s needs. When they need their coffee in the mornings, the café isn’t open as opposed to being open at night.

To the parents, put the loan under the child’s name. Let them deal with the bank every month and let them deal with the pressure.

That will, hopefully, show them that it isn’t easy.

Do you find yourself constantly trying to fill your dad’s shoes?

In the past I did but I don’t think it’s relevant any more. Right now, I think that we have some similar qualities but because the company has grown out of the whole retail network, we are a diversified business. This is an opportunity that he didn’t get so I guess it’s hard to actually compare. SE

BY: EUSOFF ANDREI

What are the challenges being actively involved in a family business?

People tend to not be honest with you. I’m lucky that my sister as well as some guys on my team can be honest with me. Things like this are important otherwise the company won’t be able to function. If you have employees and family members who always think of themselves as owners of the business and they’re not there to work, that’s when there will be trouble.

BEAUTY BUZZ

AUG 2016

Beauty Basics

Weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve gotta start somewhere right?

Foundation

Foundation is skin coloured makeup applied to the face to cover up blemishes, to create a uniform complexion and to act as the base of all your other makeup products. There are many kinds of foundation but the two main categories are liquid and powder. The kind of foundation you choose depends on your skin type and tone as well as personal preference as they both give a different final look.

CC Cream

“CC” stands for colour correcting which makes sense because that is exactly what CC cream does.

There isn’t much difference between BB creams and CC creams to be honest. In a nutshell, CC creams correct colour issues like red splotches and sallowness while BB creams are like foundation-lite with extra benefits.

Primer

Primer is an optional base of foundation which is usually either colourless or skin-toned.

Primers smooth out the skin by filling in pores and fine lines thus making you look younger.

They are also meant to help foundation last throughout the day especially in extreme environments. Some use primers as a lighter alternative to foundation to avoid the “caked up” look.

Concealer BB Cream

BB creams are of Asian origin and touted as the all-in-one skin product and a light foundation. BB creams is the power-combo makeup product that has heavily tinted moisturiser, comes in an array of SPF ranges and stuffed with anti-aging ingredients.

The name is pretty much self-explanatory, it conceals. Not to be mistaken for foundation or powder, concealers are used on specific spots of the face that are discoloured like dark circles under the eyes or red blotches from agitated acne. Always choose a concealer shade that is one or two shades lighter than your skin.

Highlighter

Bronzer

Bronzers give your face a natural and clean glow akin to a really good sunkissed tan sans the terrible skin damage.

It’s a great product to use for contouring especially when defining the jawline and slimming the face without needing to go under the knife.

BY: NADHIRAH RAFIDZ

Right now, the highlighter challenge is spreading like wildfire on makeup tutorial channels on YouTube and no - these aren’t the pink highlighters you use in your history textbooks. Think of highlighters as your light trappers - they give a bright sheen to your skin that makes it glow. It is usually used to play with light in order to bring out your cheekbones and contour your face shape. With highlighters alone - you can transform into a Kim Kardashian look-alike, which is essentially what the highlighter challenge is all about.

HOW THINGS WORK

AUG 2016

How doES WORK?

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L

iving in Malaysia is a wonderful thing, isn’t it? We get to enjoy warm sunny weather all year round. While there is the need to crank up the air conditioning every afternoon, you get to enjoy the beauty of nature as well as play sports whenever you want. While this is a good thing for a fun and active lifestyle, it might not be such a good idea to get all that Sun exposure.

The Sun and your Health

exposed to Sun radiation for prolonged periods of time, this DNA can mutate and this would ultimately lead to skin cancer UV-B causes your skin to tan and burn while UV-C is almost completely absorbed by the atmosphere. So the ultraviolet rays we need to worry about are UV-A and UV-B.

Does this mean we should “live” like vampires?

Not that vampires are alive anyway. But, luckily for us, there’s no need to go all nocturnal or sleep in a coffin during the day like the undead. There is still hope for us to enjoy the glorious Sun, all thanks to sunscreen! Sunscreen comes in various forms such as lotions, creams and even sprays. They contain organic and inorganic molecules that together, effectively shield your skin from the Sun when you apply it onto your skin.

The organic molecules normally added to sunscreen act by absorbing UV radiation, releasing it as heat. The inorganic chemicals in the sunscreen such as zinc oxide or titanium dioxide physically reflect and scatter UV rays away from the skin. This dual action successfully absorbs and deflects the UV rays, preventing them from harming your skin Now that you understand the dangers of prolonged exposure to UV rays, and have a better understanding of how sunscreen can protect you from the harmful effects of the

Sun, you can invest in a bottle for yourself. So you go down to the local pharmacy and stare at the array of bottles in all shapes and sizes and notice that you simply have no idea of which one to choose?

So, which SPF number should we go with?

SPF simply stands for Sun Protection Factor.

We are all born with natural, varying levels of SPF in our skin. These levels depend on how much melanin you have, or how darkly pigmented your skin is. In this case, the darker your skin is, the higher SPF it contains. The SPF numbers you see on the sunscreen bottles simply help you determine how long you can stay in the Sun before getting a sunburn. If you use sunscreen with an SPF of 30, you just need to multiply this by 10, to find out how many minutes you can stay in the Sun, which in this case is 300 minutes! If you can recall what you read before this, sunburns are caused by UV-B rays. So yes, SPF protects you from sunburn but how about the scarier UV-A that can cause skin cancer? Luckily for all of us, some sunscreen lotions come with broad spectrum protection which protect you from both harmful UV-A and UV-B rays. So be sure to read the labels carefully before making your purchase to get complete protection from the Sun! SE

BY: GEETHA BAI

A moderate exposure to sunlight is good for us. Our bodies naturally produce vitamin D when our skin is exposed to direct sunlight.

Vitamin D is important in the absorption of calcium and phosphorus from our diets.

These are the minerals that give us strong bones and teeth.

But too much Sun exposure is bad for us. These effects are not limited to the visible ones such as darkened or burnt skin. To understand this a little further, let’s first look at UV light. Invisible to the naked eye, ultraviolet light (UV) rays from the Sun fall into three regions depending on their wavelengths. They are UV-A, UV-B and UV-C. UV-A can penetrate deep into your skin cells and damage the DNA inside them. When

GUYS STUFF

AUG 2016

J

ust like a Swiss army knife that could do anything with everything and anything, these featured pairs of shoes are for those seeking a pair of sports or running shoes stylish enough to double up as casuals. Cool and trendy shoes such as the popular Nike Roshe and Nike Kaishi to others from brands like Skechers, these will keep you going from the start of the day till the evening when you head out for your sunset jog. Let’s break down this short list of cool running shoes that can double up as casuals:

Adidas Galaxy 2.0

Available in several cool colour combination options, the Adidas Galaxy 2.0 may be as colourful as the galaxy but provides great comfort and running performance. Also featuring Adidas’ SUPERCLOUD technology delivering a plush ride and increased responsiveness, the Galaxy 2.0 has pretty good performance as a running shoe.

As it comes in several attractive and cool colour options, it’s pretty easy to pair the Galaxy 2.0 with various casual outfits. The curved outsole not only enhances running performance but also enhances its overall aesthetics.

Price: RM180

Adidas Lite Runner

Hit the road and start running with the Lite Runner. Available in black, blue and grey, these shoes feature an air mesh upper to increase the breathability, while the Adidas SUPERCLOUD sole increases the responsiveness of the shoe while exuding a soft, pillowlike ride. Despite being a thoroughbred running shoe, with its comfort and style, these are some of the coolest looking shoes to pair with your casual wear.

Price: RM199

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Nike Men’s Kaishi Sneakers

The Nike Men’s Kaishi has a textured upper mesh for higher breathability and lightweight performance. The textile lining with cushioning footbed and the no-sew bootie offers great forefoot traction, durability and comfort. The shoes help promote natural motion and thus gives you a thoroughly improved performance. As popular as Nike’s Roshe Run models, these kicks are just as comfortable for running as they are for casual use.

Price: RM150-250

Nike Roshe Run

Nike Roshe Run is one of the most popular shoes currently manufactured by Nike. Popular on social media and worn by various celebrities, these kicks first made their debut back in 2011 and has since taken the world by storm. Though the majority of its users wear Nikeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Roshe Run casually, these kicks are very capable running shoes with an extremely comfy insole.

Price: RM170-250

Puma ST Trainer EVO Trainers

Skechers Glider

While the Skechers brand may be famous for casual footwear, these kicks are built and tailored specifically for running. With an air cooled memory foam insole, its users may feel the sensation of a soft pillow right under their feet. Though built for sport use, these shoes are easily able to take on normal casual use especially with an extremely breathable fabric upper mesh that keeps its users comfortable.

Price: RM250

BY: BRENNEL CHRISTIAN TAN

The Puma ST Trainer EVO trainers, may sound like a mouthful but its design hides a very comfortable plush like insole perfect for both running and walking. Featuring a mixture of super plush suede and soft leather, these shoes may appear like casuals but can be used comfortably for running and other sports. They come in four cool colours which are burgundy, navy blue, black and grey, providing buyers with an opportunity to match their shoes with their overall look.

Price: N/A

MOVIE REVIEW

Independen

AUG 2016

Resurgence

Twenty years after the first invasion, the nations of Earth have collaborated on an immense defense programme (ESD) using recovered alien technology, to protect the planet. However, the reinforcements of the original alien race arrive at Earth after receiving a distress call. With the devastation brought upon Earth once more, only a few brave men and women can save humankind from extinction.

W

ith new technology, new toys and new ideas, the ‘Master of Disaster’ has returned with a loud, effects-driven piece.

Since the breakout success of The Matrix, no 90’s blockbuster has come close to captivating and electrifying audiences in the same way as Roland Emmerich’s supersized alien-invasion, Independence Day. In short, the first movie was a game-changer; it became part of our pop cultural conversation.

The concept of integrating alien technology is convincing; we’re no longer witnessing the attempted annihilation of our world. It is very much another planet where space travel is now like calling a cab, with Earth even sporting bases across the solar system, complete with shiny *phew phew laser weapons and orbital defense platforms.

Most of the original cast returns in Independence Day: Resurgence, it’s like the class of 1996 plans its 20-year reunion.

The ensemble is nothing less than a dream team. It includes veteran heroes from the first film including Jeff Goldblum as David Levinson (the MIT-educated computer expert and scientist), Bill Pullman (the President during the first invasion), Judd Hirsch (David’s father), Brent Spiner as Dr. Brackish Okun (the unkempt and mad looking scientist formerly in charge of Area 51) and Vivica A. Fox (the widow of the late war hero Steven Hiller).

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After a brief explanation for Will Smith’s notable absence, Resurgence hands over the reins to new cast members including Liam Hemsworth as Jake Morrison (a daring pilot serving in ESD), Maika Monroe as Patricia Whitmore (the former First Daughter and now an ex-fighter pilot herself), Jessie Usher as Dylan Dubrow-Hiller (the stepson of the nowdeceased war hero Steven Hiller and leader of the flying Legacy Squadron), Travis Tope as Charlie (Jake’s best friend), Hong Kong model and actress Angelababy as Rain Lao (a Chinese pilot and lieutenant in ESD) and Deobia Oparei as Dikembe Umbutu (the new leader of a small group of Alien survivors from 1996).

The new cast and old cast never fully mingle, though. Aside from a first-act trip to the moon and some father-daughter interaction between the Whitmores, it’s basically ‘kids over here, oldies over there’.

However, the returning cast particularly Brent Spiner’s Okun manages to inject enough enthusiasm and humour stealing every scene he’s in with his luscious long grey hair. But generally, people don’t go to disaster movies for the in-depth character studies. You mostly turn up to see things get blown up good.

And Resurgence makes sure that’s all you care about, throwing disaster after disaster.

Those six words, spoken by Goldblum’s Levinson as he does a quick comparison of the 1996 and 2016 Alien invasions, pretty much

Runtime: 2 hrs.

Starring: Liam Hemsworth, Jeff Goldblum, Bill Pullman, Judd Hirsch, Angelababy, Vivica A. Fox, Brent Spiner, Charlotte Gainsbourg, Jessie Usher, Maika Monroe, Sela Ward Release Date: 23 June 2016

sums up the visual scale of Independence Day: Resurgence. It’s technically and visually marvelous, watching the catastrophe unfolding in IMAX 3D will send your testosterone levels through the roof.

How’s this for a spectacle?

You oohed at spaceships 15 miles wide?

Try the mother of all motherships with giant landing petals slamming down into the entire Atlantic Ocean. Not only that, the ship ignites an incendiary cloud that stretches across the sky, lifting the city of Singapore off the ground and a gravitational pull that sees Malaysia’s Petronas Twin Towers smashing into the London Bridge. The Asia Pacific region is toast in the first act! While Dubai’s Burj Khalifa skyscraper—the tallest structure in the world— sends London’s Ferris Wheel crashing into the Thames.

There’s a certain joy mined from watching the grandiose destruction, or feeling the great release of tension when it hits.

Even if it’s hokey and jokey, you’ll leave the theater with a guilt-free smile on your face. SE

nce Day:

MOVIES

AUG 2016

PREVIEWS

War Dogs

Nine Lives

STARRING: MILES TELLER, JONAH HILL, ANA DE ARMAS

STARRING: KEVIN SPACEY, JENNIFER GARNER, CHRISTOPHER WALKEN

RELEASE: 25th August 2016

RELEASE: 18th August 2016

Based on the 1991 book of the same name, this movie follows Srinivasa Ramanujan. A poor mathematician from Madras who gains admittance to Cambridge University after World War I. He becomes a pioneer in mathematical theories under the guidance of his professor, G.H. Hardy. All in all, this movie speaks volumes on how immigrants were treated back then, regardless of their actual potential.

Business tycoon Tom Brand isn’t exactly close to his wife Lara and his daughter Rebecca. Comedy ensues as, following an unfortunate series of events which begins with the hunt for a birthday present, he is transformed into a cat with a one-week timeline to reconcile with his family or live the rest of his life as a cat.

The Space Between Us

Kubo and the Two Strings

STARRING: GARY OLDMAN, ASA BUTTERFIELD, CARLA GUGINO, BRITT ROBERTSON

STARRING: ART PARKINSON, MATTHEW MCCONAUGHEY, CHARLIZE THERON, RALPH FIENNES, BRENDA VACCARO

RELEASE: 25th August 2016

RELEASE: 25th August 2016

An astronaut on a mission to Mars doesn’t realise she’s pregnant before take-off and gives birth to the first human being on Mars. He only gets to see Earth in his teenage years. While he gets caught up in an adventure on Earth, his health deteriorates and members of the space programme race to get him back to Mars.

Join Kubo in ancient Japan as his life is turned upside down when he has to flee the comfort of his home in order to avoid the vengeful spirits which have come looking for him. As he escapes with the help of his mother, all he knows is that he needs to locate his father’s armour.

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MUSIC

REVIEWS

AUG 2016

What We Live For | American Authors

California

This American indie rock band’s second studio album stays true to their original sound while reflecting their maturity as a band. If you’re in need of feel-good, non-cheesy vibes, this is definitely the album to look out for. Besides the title track, look out for ‘I’m Born To Run’, ‘Replaced’, ‘Go Big Or Go Home’, ‘Mess With Your Heart’, and ‘Mind Body Soul’.

It may have taken them 15 years but they are definitely back. Nope, they definitely didn’t go anywhere seeing as this is their seventh studio album but this is definitely the one that puts them back on the map.

While it goes without saying that the title track is a must-listen, do look out for ‘She’s Out of Her Mind’, ‘Los Angeles’, ‘No Future’, and ‘The Only Thing That Matters’.

Where the Light Shines Through

Nothing’s Real | Shura

| Switchfoot

This Grammy Award-winning band’s tenth studio album is their first to be released via Vanguard Records. Described as an album of light born from one of the darkest times that lead singer Jon Foreman has been through, this album is not one to be missed – especially for you diehard fans. As catchy as the title track is, do look out for ‘Float’, ‘I Won’t Let You Go’, and ‘Shake This Feeling’.

| Blink 182

Shura is a British 80’s-inspired synthpop musician and her debut studio album, Nothing’s Real, reflects her style well. With multi-award winning producer and instrumentalist Greg Kurstin, who has worked with the likes of Madonna, contributing to the album you might just discover a few tracks here to be added to your playlist. Besides the title track, do look out for ‘What’s It Gonna Be?’, ‘What Happened To Us?’, and ‘Make It Up’.

WELLNESS

AUG 2016

All right insomniacs, are you ready to find out why it takes repetitive tossing, a hundred different positions and a million jumping sheep to finally get some shut-eye?

I

’ll start by saying that more than 30% of the population suffer from insomnia - a small comfort on nights when you feel like you’re the only living soul awake.

Nowadays, many students are complaining that falling asleep is tough and that 4 a.m. is their usual bedtime only to rise three hours later to get ready to face

a full day at school. This is why you see many of your friends turning up to school in the morning looking like zombies.

Did you know that using your phones, laptops and any form of gadgetry during bedtime can keep you up for hours even after putting it away and turning off the lights?

Besides the usual suspects of depression, stress and anxiety, being exposed to radiation and blue light from electronic media can cause difficulty sleeping by affecting our body’s melatonin production. Melatonin is a hormone produced by our body which regulates our sleeping cycle.

Admit it, we’re usually up way past our bedtime scrolling through Twitter or Instagram and playing games in bed - it has become a terrible habit of our generation.

Many of us don’t realise however that this habit is the mysterious culprit behind our struggle to sleep. After using these interactive electronic devices at night, our brains become stimulated and as a result, we are more alert. This leads to insomnia.

Using these light-emitting laptops, phones and tablets literally disorients our body’s distinction of day and night. An easy concept to understand is that the power of the light emitted is confused with that of the Sun and this messes with our internal body clock known as the circadian rhythm.

We should put away all interactive electronic devices at least an hour before getting into bed so that our brain has a chance to “shut

“The world is so consumed with progression and competition and the expectation to be the best, have become a heavy burden to bear especially by youths. Kids from a tender age of three are enrolled into kindergarten to get a head start in their education when they should be developing and discovering themselves - on their own terms.

These belief patterns inhibit us from being at peace internally and externally, as we are so caught up in the need to progress,” he added.

Ludher stressed that technology amplified this because we are constantly surrounded by emails, social media and notifications. “It’s like having someone stand over you and is continuously poking you in the shoulder— there’s no respite,” he added.

He also believes that as we get older, we are able to take charge of our life and work from within to filter the bad and keep the good. This keeps our fears and inner turmoil at a manageable level and we are able to function without sleep disorders plaguing us at night.

Having our bodily energies and frequencies messed up by our inner demons don’t only manifest in the form of insomnia.

Citing an example, Ludher said he has treated many patients, mostly youths and children as young as six, with substance addiction and anxiety among other things.

If you need to find out more, check out his website: www.ludher.net for more information.

Here are some suggestions for getting the sleep you need to protect your body and mind: •

•

•

So what can we do?

•

The best treatment is to relax and fill your life with positive reinforcements. Whether it’s through relaxing your mind with yoga, jogging or lighting candles and reading a book, make sure you allocate time to do these things every day.

•

Eliminate caffeine from your diet, especially in the form of soft drinks and coffee, as well as over-thecounter drugs (check the labels).

Practice daily breathing exercises or popularly known as pranayama. It has powerful benefits to calm and centre the mind. This breathing technique will allow you to slowly move into a meditative state and eventually help you to get good sleep. Nothing beats a mind that is completely relaxed and composed.

Get at least 45 minutes of exercise every day.

Try therapeutic grade essential oils.

Smell it, apply it, diffuse it in your room and drop it onto your pillow.

This will help ease you into sleep.

Highly recommended are Lavender, Valerian, RutaVala and Chamomile.

Take a warm bath before bedtime. SE

BY: NADHIRAH RAFIDZ

down”. Most importantly, we must put the phone on “quiet mode” or better yet, turn it off completely so that no notifications and phone calls can reach us and mess up our sleeping cycle. If you want to leave them on, then please ensure it is placed far away from your bedside.

The amount of blue light that reaches us through our mobile devices can be reduced as well by lowering the brightness of our screens or using apps or features that filter out these blue light wavelengths.

A minimum of eight to 10 hours of sleep is as crucial as breathing, drinking water and eating good nutritious food. People tend to put sleep at the bottom of their priority list and that is taking a toll on our mood, productivity and physical health.

Advanced Professional Clinical Hypnotherapy specialist, Ajit Ludher said technology is just the tip of the iceberg.

He added that the root cause of insomnia and sleeping disorders stem from fear and insecurities in our subconscious mind that fuel our anxiety.

“It is the fear of failure, the pressure of expectations and hunger for perfection that disrupt our bodily energy and increase our brain frequency thus generating an action the inability to sleep.

“The state of mind always determines the state and condition of your body and life,” he added.

Ludher who is also a counselling psychotherapist for trauma and cognitive behaviour said it had been scientifically proven that the inner well-being should always be at the forefront of our mind.

He elaborated that from the time we are born, there is fear and insecurities planted within the confines of our subconscious mind from culture, society and parents.

ANIME

If you had the power to turn back time to save a life, how far would you go to do so?

R

ated as one of the top anime of winter 2016, Boku Dake ga Inai Machi is a psychological, timetravelling, mystery and suspense filled thriller anime by the famed A-1 Pictures “Boku Dake ga Inai Machi” (literally translated to ‘The town where I am missing’) or better known as “Erased” in English.

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The anime follows the story of a 29-year old struggling manga artist Fujinuma Satoru who has the ability to go back in time a few 18 | SCHOOL ED moments before a tragedy occurs which he calls “Revival”. One day, he returned home to find his mother murdered in his home and he was framed as the killer. “Revival” sent him back 18 years in the past to a time right

before a classmate of his goes missing which is somehow connected to the murder of his mother and he has to find a way to prevent it.

The story is the hero of this anime, as it is full of surprising twists and turns which brings an intense feel to it right from the first episode. Each episode ends with a mystery and leaves the viewers in suspense which breeds the desire to continue watching in order to find out the truth behind everything.

The show also does an amazing job at balancing the dark psychological events with the heartwarming bond between Satoru and his childhood friends that gives the viewers a nice break from the thrills every now and then. However, the finale proves to be somewhat underwhelming as the revelation of the real culprit was nothing spectacular and the viewer would lack the feeling of satisfaction after a long ride of dead ends and crossroads.

Then there’s the voice acting - done very well with crafty dialogues and powerful emotions that would captivate the viewers. It fits in really well with the screenplay making the whole experience enjoyable. Speaking of visuals, the animations will take your breath away as it is simple yet beautiful. Once again, A-1 Pictures has done a great job at making the anime very easy on the eyes.

“Boku Dake ga Inai Machi” has a wide range of diverse characters who are interesting and relatable. The way the story brings them together feels very natural and realistic. This makes it easier for the audience to connect with the characters in the anime and create a better understanding for the story.

All in all, “Boku Dake ga Inai Machi” is a solid anime that excelled in more ways than one. It’s definitely recommend not only to anime viewers but also others, as the show has a sense of maturity and realism that many will enjoy.

BY: Megat Adilfayed Khairuddin

AUG 2016

GET THE LATEST AND MOST ENTERTAINING NEWS

AND VIEWS ON YOUTH TODAY! Check us out at www.campusplus.com.my

BERITA

OGOS 2016

Pemenang hadiah pertama kategori lukisan bagi Burst 2

Menangi Percutian ke Tokyo dalam Pertandingan ‘Anime in myLife’ anjuran ANIPLUS Anime in myLife kembali lagi tahun ini dengan menawarkan hadiah menarik. Peminat anime hanya perlu menghantarkan karya lukisan, foto atau klip pendek bagi peluang untuk memenangi hadiah-hadiah menarik dalam kategori masing-masing. Pertandingan Anime in myLife dibuka sebanyak empat kali setahun (Burst) dalam tempoh-tempoh berikut: • • • •

Burst 1: 18 Januari - 31 Mac 2016 Burst 2: 1 April - 30 Jun 2016 Burst 3: 1 Julai - 30 September 2016 Burst 4: 1 Oktober - 31 Disember 2016

Sesi bergambar kumpulan Allianz dan JKJR selepas berkempen di Sungai Petani

Kempen keselamatan jalan raya ‘Balik Kampung’ di seluruh negara sempena sambutan Hari Raya anjuran Allianz Malaysia

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Dua penyertaan terbaik bagi setiap Burst akan memenangi hadiah-hadiah menarik seperti headfon berjenama Beats dan speaker X-Mini. Pemenang bagi setiap Burst berpeluang memenangi hadiah utama iaitu pakej percutian ke Tokyo serta dua pas masuk untuk Anime Japan 2017!

Kempen anjuran ANIPLUS yang menawarkan anime Jepun terbaik untuk remaja dan belia ini bertujuan menggalakkan peminat siri anime untuk berkongsi minat dan bakat mereka dengan peminat yang lain.

ANIPLUS HD yang boleh ditonton di iFlix

Allianz Malaysia telah mengadakan kempen advokasi keselamatan jalan raya ‘Balik Kampung’ di seluruh negara bersama dengan Jabatan Keselamatan Jalan Raya Malaysia (JKJR) sempena sambutan Hari Raya yang lalu. Kempen ‘Balik Kampung’ yang diadakan serentak di lima lokasi ini bertujuan memupuk kesedaran keselamatan jalan raya di kalangan orang ramai yang menuju ke kampung halaman masing-masing untuk meraikan perayaan bersama keluarga dan rakan-rakan. Sepanjang kempen, sebanyak 1400 pelekat reflektif yang direka khas dan 140 jaket keselamatan telah diedarkan kepada penunggang motosikal.

Allianz Malaysia juga mengedarkan 250 topi keledar yang diluluskan oleh SIRIM kepada mereka. Di samping itu, 112 topi keledar kanakkanak juga telah diedarkan sepanjang kempen tersebut. Inisiatif keselamatan jalan raya Allianz Malaysia bagi tahun 2016 termasuk rancangan untuk menganjurkan kempen advokasi keselamatan jalan raya di sekolah-sekolah,

Pemenang hadiah pertama kategori foto bagi Burst 2

menawarkan rancangan eksklusif tayangan pertama bagi siri anime seperti Shingeki no Kyojin, Zankyou no Teroru, Psycho-Pass, dan Knights of Sidonia. Layari laman web www.aniplus.com untuk maklumat lanjut.

di kawasan kemalangan serta semasa musim perayaan utama bagi mewujudkan kesedaran keselamatan jalan raya di kalangan orang ramai.

Sukarelawan membantu memakaikan topi keledar kanak-kanak semasa kempen dijalankan di Kuala Terengganu.

Ketua Eksekutif Cosmopoint Sdn Bhd, En Mohamad Kamal Nawawi [tengah] bersama-sama pelajar tahun akhir jurusan kulinari dari Fakulti Hospitaliti, Pelancongan dan Kesihatan Kolej Universiti Metropolitan Kuala Lumpur (KLMUC)

ILMU dan KLMUC Beramal Bersama Menerusi Dapur Gelandangan Ramadan Bertujuan untuk menyumbang semula sempena bulan Ramadan, Kumpulan Pendidikan ILMU (ILMU) dan Kolej Universiti Metropolitan Kuala Lumpur (KLMUC) bekerjasama dengan MERCi Culinary untuk mengedarkan bungkusan makanan buka puasa kepada mereka yang kurang bernasib baik. Lebih daripada 20 pelajar KLMUC dari Fakulti Hospitaliti, Pelancongan dan Kesihatan telah sama-sama menyediakan makanan di bawah seliaan Chef Yahaya, pensyarah KLMUC yang juga merupakan ahli MERCi Culinary.

Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif Kumpulan, Kumpulan Pendidikan ILMU, Amil Izham Hamzah berkata, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Musim perayaan wajar dikongsi bersama-sama, lebih-lebih lagi bulan Ramadan yang mulia. Melalui inisiatif yang didorong oleh pelajar KLMUC ini, mereka yang terlibat mendapat peluang keemasan untuk mempraktikkan teknik kulinari dalam penyediaan makanan serta pada masa yang sama, mendapat pengalaman yang tidak ternilai sambil menyumbang kepada masyarakat setempat.

(Kiri) Munirah Binti Mohd Roslan bersama rakan-rakan pelajar sedang menyediakan makanan bagi warga gelandangan. Jelas kelihatan semangat bekerjasama antara para pelajar yang terlibat dalam menyediakan bungkusan makanan khas untuk warga gelandangan dan mereka yang memerlukan

KES KAJIAN SEJARAH

PENGARUH

&

OGOS 2016

di Asia Tenggara

40

| SCHOOL ED

P

engaruh awal Hindu dan Buddha di Asia Tenggara ternyata dengan penemuan pelbagai monumen bersejarah yang dikenali sebagai candi. Candi merupakan binaan yang diperbuat daripada batu yang didirikan sebagai tempat beribadat serta pemujaan Tuhan. Pembinaan candi melambangkan keagungan seseorang pemerintah serta kegemilangan kerajaannya. Dua candi terbesar dan paling agung terletak di Jawa Tengah di Indonesia yang kini menjadi pusat tumpuan pelancong dari dalam dan luar negara.

CANDI BOROBUDUR Candi Borobudur dikatakan dibina di antara abad ke-7 dan ke-9 sewaktu pemerintahan Dinasti Sailendra di Jawa Tengah, Indonesia (kini dikenali sebagai Yogyakarta). Dinasti Sailendra memerintah Kerajaan Jawa dari abad ke-7 hingga abad ke-10. Borobudur yang merupakan salah satu monumen terulung di dunia yang dibina oleh penganut Buddha Mahayana melambangkan kemasyhuran zaman pemerintahan Dinasti Sailendra. Selama lebih setengah abad, ia

merupakan pusat keagamaan bagi agama Buddha di Jawa Tengah. Candi ini ditemui semula pada abad ke-18. Ia lenyap seketika kerana tertimbus di bawah timbunan tanah volkanik gunung berapi yang terbentuk akibat letusan Gunung Merapi. Kawasan tersebut juga ditumbuhi hutan belantara menyebabkannya tersorok sekian lama.

Menurut laman web sacred-destinations.com, pada kira-kira 1814, candi tersebut ditemui semula semasa zaman pemerintahan Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles. Beliau mengarahkan misi pencarian peninggalan candi yang diketuai oleh H.C. Cornelius seorang jurutera Belanda setelah diberitahu oleh penduduk

Ukiran yang terdapat pada dinding candi Borobudur

tempatan tentang kewujudan sebuah bukit yang dipenuhi batu-batuan yang berukir di sebuah perkampungan yang bernama Budur.

Kawasan tersebut berjaya dibersihkan dan usaha pemulihan dimulakan pada 1835 oleh kerajaan Belanda. Hasil daripada usaha pemulihan yang giat tersebut membolehkan Borobudur diiktiraf sebagai salah satu Tapak Warisan Dunia (World Heritage Site) oleh Pertubuhan Pendidikan, Sains dan Kebudayaan Pertubuhan Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu (UNESCO) pada tahun 1991.

Menurut laman web unesco.org, candi utamanya merupakan sebuah stupa (binaan berbentuk loceng) yang mempunyai tiga tahap yang dibina mengelilingi pinggir bukit. Menurut lawan web borobudurpark. com, candi Borobudur yang dibina ini melambangkan ajaran agama Buddha. Setiap tahap melambangkan setiap peringkat alam semesta yang bertindan iaitu kamadhatu, rupadhatu dan arupadatu. Kamadhatu melambangkan peringkat nafsu, di mana manusia mempunyai jasad dan nama; rupadhatu merupakan peringkat jasad, di mana manusia menghilangkan nafsu serta keinginan tetapi masih lagi terikat kepada jasad serta nama; arupadhatu iaitu peringkat tertinggi di mana manusia tidak lagi terikat kepada jasad mahupun namanya.

Secara keseluruhan, binaan tersebut berbentuk bunga teratai, iaitu bunga suci dalam agama Buddha. Terdapat juga 1460 permukaan batu yang mempunyai ukiran yang melambangkan ajaran agama Buddha.

Peringkat bawah sekali mempunyai 160 ukiran yang menunjukkan sebab dan akibat.

Peringkat tengah mempunyai ukiran yang melambangkan cerita tentang kehidupan Buddha seperti yang terkandung dalam buku Jataka Tales.

Peringkat tertinggi pula tidak mempunyai sebarang ukiran atau hiasan tetapi mempunyai 92 patung Buddha yang menghadap pelbagai arah. Patung-patung Buddha ini terletak di dalam stupa-stupa yang kecil. Setiap patung Buddha dalam candi ini berada dalam kedudukan bertafakur. Setiap satu jari patung Buddha ini diukir dalam kedudukan yang berbeza yang dikenali sebagai â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;mudraâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. Setiap â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;mudraâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; melambangkan konsep-konsep tertentu seperti kemurahan hati, pemikiran yang baik dan keberanian. Candi Borobudur yang menjadi lambang keagamaan bagi penganut agama Buddha ini dibanjiri pemuja menjelangnya Perayaan Wesak. Mereka berarak mengelilingi perkarangan candi sambil bertafakur dan berdoa. Selain menjadi tapak suci bagi penganut agama Buddha, Borobudur juga menjadi pusat tumpuan pelancong asing dan tempatan.

Candi PraMbanan Satu lagi candi agung yang juga terletak di Jawa Tengah ialah Candi Prambanan.

Candi ini dikatakan dibina 50 tahun selepas pembinaan Candi Borobudur dan ditemui oleh Van Boeckholts, seorang warga Belanda.

Candi Prambanan dikatakan dibina pada awal abad ke-9 oleh Dinasti Sanjaya yang

merupakan kerajaan Hindu yang masyhur. Candi ini yang terletak di lapangan di selatan Gunung Merapi hanya mula dibaik pulih pada tahun 1937, walaupun terdapat usaha untuk membersihkan kawasan tersebut dari tahun 1885 lagi. Dari jauh, candi tersebut kelihatan seperti sebuah bandar kecil yang dahulunya dipenuhi sebanyak 250 candi yang bersaiz kecil dan besar. Kebanyakan ukiran yang menghiasi Candi Prambanan ini adalah berdasarkan epik Ramayana yang menceritakan bagaimana Sita, isteri Dewa Rama diculik serta bagaimana Hanuman (dewa monyet) menyelamatkannya. Ruang utama di atas tangga timur merupakan tempat terletaknya patung dewa pemusnah, Dewa Shiva yang penting dalam agama Hindu. Patung Dewa Shiva ini diukir dalam kedudukan berdiri di atas bunga teratai yang merupakan simbol yang suci kepada agama Buddha. Di bahagian utara Candi Shiva pula terletaknya Candi Vishnu, yang dihiasi ukiran yang menceritakan kisah Dewa Krishna dalam epik Mahabaratha. Candi Brahma yang hampir serupa dengan Candi Vishnu terletak di bahagian selatan Candi Shiva, pula dihiasi ukiran yang menceritakan babak-babak akhir dalam epik Ramayana. Ketiga-tiga candi ini dipersembahkan kepada Trimurti iaitu Dewa Brahma sebagai dewa pencipta, Shiva sebagai dewa pemusnah dan Vishnu sebagai dewa pemulihara dalam kepercayaan agama Hindu.

Candi Prambanan menjadi pusat pelancongan yang penting dan sering dibanjiri pelancong tempatan dan asing, terutamanya pada hujung minggu. SE

CASE STUDY SCIENCE

USING

Immobilised Enzymes IN Medical Diagnostics

AUG 2016

44

| SCHOOL ED

D

id you know that besides the

some uses, enzymes cannot be added freely

from

catalysts used in industries, they

and instead has to be stuck in a particular spot.

your

are also present inside living

This is because, adding the enzyme directly to

urine

beings? These catalysts are just

the substrate or substance will contaminate it.

sample?

known with a different name – enzymes, and

As such, years of research and development in

are basically catalysts that are biological in

enzyme immobilisation technology has paved

nature. Enzymes are actually proteins that

for ways to immobilise enzymes. This means

are secreted by cells in the body. Enzymes in

enzymes can be attached to other surfaces

organisms and even the human body have

to keep them stuck to a specific surface.

Immobilised Enzymes on Reagent Test Strips

important functions, especially since they

Therefore, immobilising the enzyme will allow

According to Graff’s

facilitate food digestion. Enzyme reaction is

the required reaction to take place, prevent

Textbook of Routine

specific, which means a particular enzyme

contamination, and the material (substrate) can

Urinalysis and Body Fluids

only acts upon a particular type of material

be reused.

by Lillian A. Mundt and

(substrate), and converts it to a particular

Kristy Shanahan, reagent

product. Sometimes enzymes are required for

Urine Tests

test strips are used to give

certain reactions that can only naturally take

Have you stepped into a clinic or hospital and

an overall analysis of your

place within the body – so what if they are

asked by the doctor to produce a sample of

health. A reagent test strip

required elsewhere?

urine for them to run tests on? Urine samples

is normally a narrow piece

can be tested to find out if everything is

of plastic with several pads

Immobilised Enzymes

indeed all right with your health. One of

(usually made of cellulose)

Enzymes are sometimes required outside

the tests that is frequently run detects the

attached to it. A single strip

the body or cell and given that enzyme

presence of glucose in your urine sample.

will usually be able to detect

applications are abundant; (from cheese to

When glucose is present in your urine, it could

up to 10 conditions depending

wine making, to being added to detergents

indicate poor health and illness. A healthy

on brand and type – so each

to enable them to clean organic waste and

person should not have any glucose in their

pad is specific for each

so on), they are used in various industries. For

urine at all. So, how can glucose be detected

condition. This allows

of results, from protein, ketones, bilirubin, nitrate, leucocytes and to pH and so on. Each pad

that can detect glucose normally have immobilised glucose oxidase and peroxidase enzymes, attached to the cellulose pad. They

contains a different

also contain a chemical that changes colour,

reagent (a reagent

which in this case is potassium iodide. When

is a substance used

the strip is dipped into the urine sample, the

in chemical analysis),

presence of glucose in urine will cause the

which is why each pad

following reactions to take place:

varies in terms of colour.

The colour changes

1.

Immobilised glucose oxidase will

that occur on each of

convert the glucose to gluconic acid and

these pads are caused by different chemicals present

various tests to be conducted simultaneously.

This is why the lab report your doctor gives you after the urine test would show a myriad

hydrogen peroxide.

2.

Immobilised peroxidase catalyses a

in the urine. For instance, if

reaction between the hydrogen peroxide

glucose is detected in the

(that was produced in the previous

urine sample, then the pad that contains the reagent

reaction) and potassium iodide.

3.

The potassium iodide changes colour,

that can detect the presence

which indicates that glucose is present in

of glucose in urine will undergo a change in colour! These colour changes can then be

the sample.

So, just by observing a change in colour,

compared to a colour chart (this usually comes

you can know if glucose is present in the urine

with the reagent test strips) which can then be

sample. Isn’t the concept of immobilised

used to determine the substances present in

enzymes brilliant and greatly beneficial to the

the urine sample.

medical industry and thus mankind? SE

Sounds simple enough, doesn’t it? So how does this work? Not surprisingly, the answer lies in the use of immobilised enzymes. Let’s

1. Now that you have an idea on what

ignore the other pads on the reagent test

immobilised enzymes are and how they

strips and focus on the specific one that can

are used in medical diagnostics, can you

detect glucose in urine…

find out some other uses of immobilised enzymes in the following areas:

Immobilised Enzymes on Reagent Test Strips to Detect Glucose in Urine

•

The food preparation and production

•

In medicine and healthcare

According to Cambridge International

•

In environmental sustainability and remediation

AS/A Level Biology Revision Guide 2nd edition by Mary Jones, the

•

In any other industry or area that you might be interested in

pad on test strips that detects the presence of glucose contains immobilised enzymes.

2. Then in groups, brainstorm for other

The purpose of immobilising

uses of immobilised enzymes and come up

these enzymes, as also

with a new product. Angle your discussion

suggested earlier, is to ensure

based on the following guidelines:

that these enzymes cannot move into the urine sample.

•

What is the problem?

Logically, if the enzymes were

•

The solution (product) for the problem

to be transferred into the urine

•

How does it work?

sample itself, it will be contaminated

•

Possible production methods

and the other pads that detect the presence

•

How would you market/promote

of other substances may not be able to function as intended. Reagent test strips

this product?

Share your findings with your friends.

CASE STUDY BUSINESS

l l a n m a C S u

e v i F ss

AUG 2016

e n si u B

48

| SCHOOL ED

o Y Ideas

t r a t S ! w No

S

tarting up a business is not as scary as it sounds. In fact, many successful businesses today were conceived in school or college.

One of them is Facebook - creator Mark Zuckerberg started working on the concept of this social network while attending Harvard. He dropped out to work on it fulltime and it’s now one of the most successful businesses around. A quick search on Google revealed Zuckerberg’s net worth is estimated at US$37.5 billion, and he’s only in his early thirties! In his case, dropping out of school turned out to be a good idea.

However, before you hang up your school bags for good, here are some ways you can start something on the side to make some cash. It could make you your first million in a couple of years down the road - you just never know. To begin, look at the skills you presently have, or certain hobbies you are interested in to get you started:

Babysit

Prerequisites: You like and are good with kids, some board games (feel free to DIY), some cash for petrol/transport, some cash to print flyers (handwrite if necessary), trustable friends who can cover for you (in an emergency) If you are able to care for and build a good rapport with kids, have some spare time on your hands and generally are looking for a practically no start-up cost kind of business to run, here’s one idea you can consider! As more and more parents work full-time these days, and as some day care centres close for a week or so during school holidays – these periods are ideal for you to move in for the kill.

Long-term goals: if you decide that this is indeed your thing, you can think of opening up a day care centre and making this a full-

time business.

You’d need to get registered and licensed before going into it for good – but it’s a small price to pay for making money doing something you love.

Teach Music/ Form a Band

Prerequisites: skilled and trained in piano or guitar (banging on pots and pans is not a real music skill), music instrument, transport cost, flyers, an internet connection Remember those dreaded music lessons you took as a kid? While you may have dreaded it then, but you can finally put your skills to good use to make money.

You can conduct lessons via Youtube – set up your channel, plug in your gear and find yourself gaining followers and fans

in no time. People go crazy for creative takes on already famous music. You can get together with some friends and once you get the necessary permissions, record your jamming sessions and post them on Youtube. Don’t forget to enable monetisation for your channel to earn cash from your lessons - just Google to find out how this is done. Soon, you may get invites to perform gigs so don’t miss out on those.

Long-term goals: if you realise that your hidden knack for giving music lessons can get you far then this could become your core business. With the help of other musically-inclined recruits or friends, you can translate your virtual success to a more tangible one by starting up a music centre.

Oh and if you can sing, why not offer voice lessons as well?

Ghost-writing

Prerequisites: language and writing skills, an internet connection For those of you who don’t already know, a ghost-writer is a person who writes articles, books, manuscripts and so on which is credited to someone else.

You can register yourselves for free on various websites such as fiverr or guru to advertise your services - sell your services and get paid upon the successful delivery of articles. If you’re also good with languages and have good fact checking skills but don’t have a flair for writing, you can also sign yourself up for translation, editing or proofreading services. Certain gigs can pay you up to US$5 (that’s about RM20 for us) upon completion.

Long-term goals: you can subsequently take on larger projects as well as hiring a team of writers to help you build your business and reputation.

Knack for Upcycling

Prerequisites: an internet connection, art and craft supplies, a keen eye for things to upcycle, lots of creativity and patience If you enjoy putting a spin on old things and making them look good enough that people would pay to have them, then this could be your thing. Your start-up cost does not have to be high, you only need to be resourceful enough to collect discarded items, and get to work on them with any supplies you have at hand. Just visit www. upcycle.com for ideas to get you going.

You may feel like you lack creativity in the beginning, but over time, your skills would be developed enough to produce great upcycled goods. Sell your unique pieces online, via Facebook or Instagram and as you get more followers and fans, make tonnes of cash from it while immersing yourself in artsy self-expression.

Long-term goals: take your projects to the real or virtual classroom – conduct Upcycling classes in a rented space or online (via Youtube). If you feel like it, you could also think of opening up a quaint store or sell your goods at a flea market.

Know your Oven Prerequisites: cooking or baking skills, a decently equipped kitchen, baking ingredients

Anyone ever complimented your carrot cake or brownies? If your baked goods have made you the odd friend or two, maybe you should try selling them.

Baking does cost quite a bit (yes we all have no choice but to bite the GST - bullet), but if done right, you can make some cash out of it. Baked goods don’t have a very long shelf life so to minimise

wastage, always take orders first before making large batches. Social media is a great platform for you to promote your baked items if word of mouth alone does not cut it.

Long-term goals: once your customers are hooked, you can bake full-time and sell them at kiosks or provide online delivery services. In time, you may be even able to start your own bakery.

Some points to ponder over and discuss are; • What other small businesses can you start with a relatively low start-up cost?

• If your start-up idea has a higher startup cost, discuss and decide on the best method of financing your business.

• How can you minimise start-up costs by leveraging on social media? SE

CASE STUDY ENGLISH

AUG 2016

N A C

52

| SCHOOL ED

Understand

T

he late Rico, a border collie from Germany was featured in the news a few years ago for being touted as a genius dog. According to the Genome News Network, this wonder dog was known to have a rich vocabulary of almost 200 words which were the names of his toys, under his belt. Pretty impressive for a dog like him, donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t you think? Besides his extensive vocabulary, he also demonstrated great skill in learning the names of new toys, and was able to recall

them weeks later. In some tests conducted by researchers, this bilingual collie was capable of correctly retrieving 37 out of 40 toys chosen from his collection. The most interesting accomplishment in this feat was that some of these toys were named using words in his native German language, while other toys had English names such as Seahorse and Mr Green.

This genius dog was aptly referred to as such as he was able to pick up and learn these new words almost instantly.

Researches placed two toys in front of him, one toy with a name that he already knew, and another new toy he was not familiar with. Researchers then instructed him to collect a toy by giving a verbal cue which was the new word he had not yet been exposed to. What really astounded researchers was that Rico had almost always fetched the new toy when this test was performed. This implied that he had formed the association between the unfamiliar word and the new toy that he wasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t familiar with-all by himself. If thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s not impressive enough, he was still able to correctly retrieve this new toy, a month after he had not seen it. Rico had brilliantly integrated this new word into his vocabulary all

on his own. So, does this mean that dogs understand language?

Sit! Stand! Fetch! Good boy! Roll over!

Does your dog actually understand these instructions? Your dog may seem to comply somehow (or not-depending on their mood for the day), but does it mean that they understand the meaning of these words?

Any dog lover knows that dogs are the best listeners. Pouring your heart out about the bad day you had at school to a sympathetic doggy ear is one of the most therapeutic things you can do. But, does the empathy that ooze out from those melty, knowing eyes come from having understood every word you said?

According to the Ethology Institute Cambridge for Animal Behavior and Learning, this is partially true. Dogs not only understand sounds made by words, they are also highly perceptive to the intonation and emotion behind these words. So to answer that question, sadly no, dogs do not understand English or any other human language for that matter.

They do however understand the sounds made by words in any language. So

instructions or prompts like “fetch“ or “sit“ that your dog can seemingly learn and master comes from classical conditioning.

Every time the dog hears the word “sit“, he associates it to a particular behaviour that was taught to him, which is why he ends up sitting (if he feels up to it) when he hears you say the word “sit“. Dogs are not known to understand full sentences, but can pick out sounds from words that trigger an association in his mind. For instance, if you were to invite Chester the Doberman out for a walk by saying, “Hey, Chester let’s go for a walk now, come on boy!“, his response would be to jump up for joy! So does this mean that he understood your

invitation and gladly accepted it? Well, his response was actually triggered by the sound of the word “walk“ which tells him that he’s about to go out for a walk. So while he may not understand the rest of your sentence, he associates a particular action to the sounds made by a single word from your entire sentence. This probably explains how your dog knows you’re home from school, after hearing the sound of the car pulling into the driveway.

According to a study conducted by Victoria Ratcliffe, a doctoral candidate in psychology at the University of Sussex in England, much like us humans, dogs understand speech not only by listening to sounds made by words that are spoken. In fact, they also pay attention to other cues that are forms of non-verbal communication such as tone and volume changes. Ratcliffe further added “We can say at least that they seem to be getting both the verbal and the emotional, because they have biases for both”. This makes it a little difficult to identify just exactly which words dogs understand and how many can they master altogether. While studies are not 100% conclusive, there is a parallel link between how humans and dogs process language. Studies have also shown that dogs are highly attuned to more visual cues such as posture as well as gaze. A study by an international team of scientists was published in the Biology Letters journal, stating that they have found that dogs have an intrinsic ability to determine complex human emotions by applying a combination of senses.

They were able to test if dogs were responding to emotions out of familiarity, or if the dogs could

identify the emotions of humans and dogs they had never interacted with before. For this, the dogs were shown the pictures of random humans and dogs expressing various emotions. These pictures were also paired with voice recordings, however the emotions expressed on the pictures did not always match the sounds of the recordings.

For instance, the picture of a smiling woman was paired with the voice of someone yelling angrily. The researchers found something very interesting, the dogs were more engaged when the pictures displayed matched the recordings. This proves that dogs not only listen for sounds, but they also take in other non-verbal cues as well, to better understand your meaning.

Now, isn’t that what makes these beautiful creatures man’s best friends?

Do any other animals, recognise or understand words in human languages? Conduct your own research and present some of your findings.Focus your research on several animals such as apes, dolphins, cats and even elephants. SE

CASE STUDY INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

s c i r t ORTS e P SS m A o P i B

AUG 2016

in

â&#x20AC;&#x153;

56

| SCHOOL ED

Symbol for biometric passport

B

iometrics is a measurement and analysis of physiological characteristics. We all have attributes that are specific and cannot be duplicated, and this is what makes us unique. Therefore, these attributes can be used for the purpose of identifying an individual. There are many types of biometrics - some of which are visual in nature. Visual biometrics simply means that these physiological characteristics can be viewed and read. Biometric readers are able to verify and authenticate the identity of an individual. Fingerprint, facial and iris pattern recognition are some types of visual biometrics. The advancement of technology has led to the growth of biometrics, and their application can now be seen on almost

any electronic devices. We know that some smartphones can read your fingerprints to unlock, but now we have iris scanners as well, which work by identifying a person by their iris pattern. Biometrics is obviously one of the most secure types of authentication technology used today. When we talk about biometrics, we would most likely think of gadgets â&#x20AC;&#x201D; high-tech looking objects that can read patterns that are not recognisable to the naked eye. Did you know that passports also function based on biometrics? Doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t seem likely at first glance, does it?

Biometrics in Malaysian Passports A passport is a travel document, issued by the government of the country that you live

in. This document is used to identity the nationality of its bearer for the purpose of international travel. A passport normally contains the name, place and date of birth, photograph, signature, and other identifying information of the bearer. A biometric passport, also called e-passport or digital passport, is a combined paper and electronic passport that contains biometric information that can be used to authenticate the identity of travellers. The crucial information on the passport is both printed on the data page of the passport and also stored in an electronic medium, which is a microchip.

According to imi.gov and passportsmalaysia.com, the biometric data on the Malaysian electronic passport contains a high resolution digital photograph of the passport holder, which allows more accurate facial recognition, along with images of their two thumbprints. It uses contactless smart card technology with embedded integrated circuits that can store and sometimes process data and communicate with the terminal via radio waves. It also has a microprocessor chip and an antenna embedded in the front or back cover, or centre page, of the passport.

The antenna is not only for communication between passport and passport readers, but

also powers the chip. Malaysian passports adhere to the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) standards that allow our passports to be read and recognised in other member countries as well. Implementation of the ICAO standard e-passport version allows genuine Malaysian travellers to enjoy efficient services such as the convenience of the e-service and automated gates prepared for the ICAO member countries around the world.

When the passport bearer is passing through the auto gate, a scanner will read the digital image on his or her passport. This image is then compared to his or her image taken by a camera at the gate. Biometric technology that uses facial recognition technology is at work here to ensure that there is a match between the face of the person at the gate and the image on the passport. The auto gate will then prompt the passport bearer to place their thumb on the reader which will then detect if it matches the fingerprint on the passport itself.

This ensures the smooth passage of Malaysian citizens at international entry points, while efficiently screening for highrisk travellers to the country, as this chip cannot be falsified or forged. This is because

Malaysian passport

made. These chips are non-traceable, which means your passport cannot be tracked.

These chips also have a feature known as Passive Authentication (PA) aimed to detect modified data on the passport chip. Some chips also have a feature known as Active Authentication (AA) which prevents the cloning of passport chips as it has a private key that cannot be read or copied. Other mechanisms also include something known as Basic Access Control (BAC) which encrypts information before data from a chip is read – this prevents “eavesdropping” where the data is transferred to an attacker.

the chip inside the biometric passport has an antenna that enables all information to be electronically read. The Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is used in order to authorise information that is electronically stored on the smart chip. PKI is a system of hardware, software, people, policies and procedures that are put in place to create, manage and carry out other services in terms of digital certificates such as biometric passports.

Biometrics and Data Protection We all know that biometrics is a secure authentication method, however how secure is your personal data contained in the biometric passport itself? Biometric passports do come with a number of protection mechanisms to protect your information from being stolen or misused and some can also detect attacks that are being

Despite the security and data protection features in place on biometric passports, find out more on: • What are some ways passports have been forged or falsified by criminals?

• What are other security features on biometric passports that are meant for data protection purposes?

• How can data protection on biometric passports be strengthened in future?

• What other types of biometrics can be used in passports in future, besides facial recognition and thumbprint scanning? SE

AUG 2016

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CASE STUDY GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES

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ack in the 90’s, when the internet was still a relatively new thing, it was touted as the information superhighway. It simply analogised the internet as a digital expressway where various types of information were transferred, exchanged and obtained at lightning speeds.

Given the speed and efficiency in which data can be transferred, it’s not surprising that internet hoaxes and the spread of fake news is a common occurrence. Some hoaxes even come with photographic evidence and are shared numerous times, as their authenticity seems hard to dispute at a glance. While hoaxes are not peculiar to the online world, and have been around for ages, the speed and ease in which they are transmitted has simply grown. Most of the time, these hoaxes go viral (more than actual news) as they

are shared multiple times. Such trickery is usually mischievous in nature, but can also be dangerous especially when it involves information on health and medicine. With that in mind, it is important to know how to identify a hoax. Here we look at how online information can be verified to determine authenticity, credibility and accuracy.

Look out for these triggers Hoaxes are usually engineered to trick the public. This is achieved by creating hoaxes that trigger or evoke an emotional response from the reader (an emotional reader is more likely to be caught off guard and highly likely failed to verify information before sharing it). Be vary of such information and analyse it, especially if the information comes with a “share this now” “this is the secret no one wants you to know” or “controversial discovery” tag. Articles, emails or messages usually contain such words and prompts to attract attention, and encourage the reader to make it viral. Pictures too are easily doctored and edited to create sensational images.

There have been pictures of “real documented

mermaids”, “fairies” (The infamous Dead Fairy Hoax), “Big Foot” and even the skeleton of a “giant human“ on the internet for years. While common sense would make you question the authenticity of such pictures, it is rather tempting to believe that fairies do indeed exist in some magical realm, isn’t it?

Some articles also quote sources that are seemingly credible. These quotes could be from alleged psychologists, doctors, scientists and so on – some of them even include pictures of these said people, along with lab coat, stethoscope and what not. This makes it harder for us to determine if the information is indeed authentic and reliable. After all the picture of a bespectacled someone in a lab coat increases the credibility of the accompanying information, doesn’t it?

Check your source A little vigilance goes a long way. It may not always be easy to determine if the information is correct, but doing a little cross reference may be good. Always get your information from reliable sites. Let’s face it, information is abundant everywhere on the internet. When you come across a potentially life changing

Fake Big Foot footprint

piece of news or information, always make it a habit to verify the source. For instance, if you receive information that the government has declared a weeklong holiday for school students out of the blue, do check the source of the information, before you leap for joy.

You can start by logging on to your school or education ministry website, scour local dailies (online versions for more updated information), or ask your teachers to ascertain if this information is indeed accurate. If the information you’ve read claims to be expert opinion, and if the names of these experts pop up in the article, look them up. Look for other credible sources of information, journals, books or other publications. If you can’t find any other information on them, chances are they are not actual experts. You can get in touch with real experts, and ask them to verify the information you’ve received from those questionable sources. In such instances, medical or health information should only be obtained from medical books and journals or medical professionals themselves – to ensure you don’t fall for potentially harmful hoaxes.

If they claim to be from medical institutions, google that particular organisation and find out if the information corresponds. There are also some websites that can help you check facts too, if you need a quick way to ensure that you’re not being taken for a ride, techrepublic.com has provided a list of sites that you can use for fact checking. One of the suggested sites includes Snopes. The content is updated regularly, and feature the latest news items to go viral. They dissect the content and write a detailed commentary on it, complete with reference sources to help

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you determine if the news is indeed true. You could also check the information on other sites such as About Urban Legends, TruthOrFiction. com and even Sophos.com. These sites have a list of proven hoaxes which you can use to learn about internet hoaxes from the past to help you determine if you’re encountering one at present.

only Share verified information Now that we have learnt of some ways to determine the accuracy of information on the internet, you can start by making it a practice to always verify something before sharing it.

It can save you a lot of embarrassment, but more importantly prevent the spread of false or misleading information.

Determine the following, before you share information Source • List some sources that you think would be more reliable than others and state your reasons.

• What types of information sources are prone to bias?

• What types of information sources would be more objective?

Fake mermaid skeleton

Author • Does the author have the credibility that is needed to determine the accuracy of information? How do you ascertain this?

• Is the author an expert or writing from his or her personal opinion? Suggest ways to determine this.

• Does the author present opinions pretending to be facts? Based on the information, find out how this is determined.

Gather information on some famous internet hoaxes and compile them. Share them with your class and discuss your findings. SE

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