School Edition Oct 2016

004 004

Edition OCT 2016

KINI DALAM BAHASA MALAYSIA - BERITA & KES KAJIAN - M/S 38-42

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FEATURES

20

GUIDE TO DEEPAVALI DELICACIES

how things work

how doES a candle work?

Before the discovery of electricity, people refused to be left in the dark and thus created the candle. Find out how it works, here!

40

KES KAJIAN - SEJARAH

TEMPAT-TEMPAT BERSEJARAH DI MALAYSIA

Cuti sekolah menjelang tiba. Ketahuilah tempat-tempat bersejarah yang menarik untuk dikunjungi pada waktu lapang.

44

Case StudY – Science BIONIC HUMANS

The idea of mechanical humans is not merely fictitious, but whether they have superpowers or not is left to be discovered in this case study.

48

Case Study - Business

ROB’S ANIMATION STUDIO Part 1

Planning is the first step in any endeavor, especially starting a business. Learn more about it here.

52

Case Study – English JOURNAL WRITING

Words are powerful tools that can set the tone of history. Learn more about Anne Frank, a young girl whose legacy lives on to this day through her diary.

56

Case Study – science CRYPTOGRAPHY

Find out how this ancient scientific tool is used to maintain the security of communication to this day.

60

Case Study – Global perspectiveS

ANIMAL WELFARE AROUND THE WORLD

In this case study, we explore how culture and traditions can result in the questionable treatment of animals.

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CONTENTS

feature

The festival of lights would not be complete without these delicious delicacies – here’s our gastronomical guide to the what’s what of Deepavali.

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COVER STORY

no safe place anywhere on the globe

It’s Halloween again and we hear that the ghosts, ghouls and spirits have all come out to play. But do you know where these ghosts reside? Here’s a scary guide of the different ghosts from around the globe.

SIGHTS & INSIGHTS FROM THE EDITOR

takenote

OCTOBER 2016

FROM THE EDITOR

EDITORIAL

THE TEAM Mac Sivanesan

Publisher

MAC@CMR.MY

Editorial Director

Subashini Nair

Deputy Editor

Geetha Bai

Writers

Eusoff Andrei

SUBA@cMR.my

geetha@cMR.my

eusoff@cMR.my

Nur Amira Nazeha Abd Aziz

MIRA@cMR.my

Christopher Yee Seng Hong

chris@cMR.my

General

Editorial

CREATIVE

NEWSDESK@CMR.MY

Art Director

Suzanne Chuah

Senior Graphic Designer

Lam Jian Wei

Junior Graphic Designer

Ahmad Faidhi

Visual & DI

Kamil Haziq

FAIDHI@CMR.MY

CORPORATE

Corporate Communications

Nancy P

Events Managers

Jeyasekhar M

Haziq Hilman

SPONSORS

nancy@CMR.MY

jeya@CMR.MY

HILMAN@CMR.MY

Arwin Muruga ARWIN@CMR.My

For sponsorships, please send proposals to events@cmr.my Published by: Campus Media Resources Sdn Bhd (810574-K) D2-02-01, Blk D2, Pusat Perdagangan Dana 1, Jalan PJU 1A/46, 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor D.E. Tel: +603-78426688 Fax: +603-78426689 E-mail: mail@cmr.my

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But let’s get down to the best part of the celebration - the social part! Families and friends get together for love, goodwill and generosity, for greetings, gifts and to enjoy the scrumptious feast and delectable sweets.

Speaking of sweets, we realised that many people are unfamiliar with Indian sweets and savouries that are out there. Everything is either a muruku or a laddu. So, in this issue Geetha Bai decided to enlighten (pun intended) our readers with a pictorial guide on the various types of sweets. You will be an expert by the time you’re done with the list on page 20.

Let’s not forget the ghostly season where darkness and supernatural realms are celebrated.

Read all about the different ghosts and ghouls from different parts of the world that are keeping people awake at night on page 14.

So, till next month, let the light be with you!

jw@cMR.my

HAZIQ@CMR.MY

Marketing & B.D Manager

One of the most wonderful things about living in a multicultural country is the fact that we get exposed to so many cultures and festivals. Deepavali or Diwali (as pronounced by the Northern Indians), is the festival of lights, a celebration of light over darkness, knowledge over ignorance, and the triumph of good over evil.

ZANNE@CMR.MY

Follow us on: <Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/campusplus> <Twitter: http:// twitter.com/campusplustweet > <Instagram: http://instagram.com/campusplus> <www.campusplus.com.my>

Happy Deepavali and Happy Halloween!

a

Sub

NEWS

OCT 2016

Pink Love Marysharon and Breast Cancer Welfare Association (BCWA) joined hands for yet another meaningful â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Pink Love Charity Runâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; organised to celebrate the breast cancer survivors and at the same time spread awareness on the illness at Taman Botani, Putrajaya.

The second year of this 5km charity run welcomed over 3000 participants from both cancer survivors and the public as they engaged in various fun and physical activities whilst raising funds for cancer patients in Malaysia. Marysharon took charge of initiating a CSR partnership with BCWA to build a healthier and caring community.

A dream to go green Fairy tales were retold in a world without trees in the latest campaign to protect nature. As an effort to balance socio-economic development and forest clearing that is becoming a serious concern, Double A and Malaysian Nature Society (MNS) recently collaborated with the support of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Deputy Minister Datuk Haji Hamim bin Samuri. The 1Dream1Tree (ODOT) and The Unfortunate Tales of a Treeless World campaigns marked the initiative to spread awareness on preserving the environment through sustainable consumption. This unique approach was targeted towards youth.

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History Asia Launches New Asian Original Productions In conjunction with Malaysia’s 59th Independence Day, brand new HISTORY™ Asia Original Productions featuring Malaysian-produced specials premiered on HISTORY™, Astro CH 555 and HD CH 575, from 29th August. Familiar faces (and voice) from Malaysia includes comedian Douglas Lim, hosting ‘10Things We love About Malaysians’, Andrea Fonseka and Alex Yoong as a competitor and mentor respectively in ‘Celebrity Car Wars’, and BFM’s Umapagan Ampikaipakan, hosting ‘Every Street Tells A Story’. The launch was livened up with ‘The Great History Challenge’ which involved the History™ Asia stars as well as members of the audience.

NEWS

On The Lookout for Million Dollar Feet™ Million Dollar Feet™ is a platform for young, up-and-coming football superstars to shine as the programme travels the country in search of the best talents aged 11 to 14 with two of the very best being given the opportunity to get even closer to signing with a top European football club. The programme, with try-outs running from September to October, will hit the states of Penang, Kuantan, Kuching, Johor Bahru, and Kuala Lumpur followed by the finals which will also be held in Kuala Lumpur. Interested candidates can sign up for Million Dollar Feet™ at www.milliondollarfeet.com.

R.E.A.L Students Gain Real Experience R.E.A.L Schools has officially launched its Food Technology course as well as the Bella Café at its Cheras Campus. The course will serve as an elective subject for the secondary students of the school where they will be given the opportunity to gain hands-on experience in the café. Encompassing more than just food preparation, students will be able to learn the finer details behind food products in areas such as quality control, product management, and possibly even new product development. The day also saw the culmination of the ‘Meraki of Arts Exhibition’ where works of art by 30 of the campus’ children and several professional artists were on display at the annual exhibition.

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Indoor Extreme Park made better at EnerZ Step into the world of indoor sports at EnerZ, one of Asiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s largest indoor extreme parks and sports arenas, that was reopened with various new platforms to get their visitorsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; hearts pumping. EnerZ included the Gladiator, Ninja Warrior, and Meltdown in their list of extreme sports such as suspended ropes and trampolines to satisfy your need for high-intensity activities. Targeted for people of all ages, EnerZ team aims to reintroduce physical activities as time fillers that have slowly been replaced by mobile devices.

FEATURE

OCT 2016

MGAC:

Platform for High Achievers

M

BY: MIRA AZIZ

aybank Go Ahead Challenge (MGAC) is an innovative recruitment platform that Maybank came up with to upgrade existing employment initiatives.

Through MGAC, candidates are exposed to real-life challenges of working with regional and global organisations that will benefit them in building their careers in the corporate world.

MGAC 2016 started off with 23 Campus Levels held in 10 countries where candidates were tested on comprehension and ethical issues in decision making. Participating universities in Malaysia include Universiti Islam Antarabangsa (UIA), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Nottingham University Malaysia and HELP University.

We spoke to three MGACâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s alumni, Richard Abagus Ocampo (RA), Syeda Fariha Preanka (SFP), and Wilson Beh Wei Chean (WB). They are now a part of the organising committee of this global challenge.

How did you find out about MGAC and what made you participate?

RA: A professor of mine encouraged me to participate. Initially hesitant, I was thrilled to join 44

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after watching YouTube clips of the challenges.

SFP: I found out about MGAC at the UKECGraduan Fair in London. At that point in time, I was a Bangladeshi student studying in Imperial College London eager to start a career in ASEAN. The Maybank ambassador explained the employment opportunities for non-Malaysians and MGAC and I decided to sign up.

WB: On social media. It was the inaugural MGAC in 2012 and the excitement prompted me to be a part of this challenge.

What was the hardest challenge you had to go through during the competition?

RA: At the Execution Day (Final Challenge), we had to operate a food truck for an entire day and was told that there was another challenge that would hijack two of our team members. Thinking I could do both, I lost sight of the bigger objective and focused on a distraction that derailed our effort.

SFP: Hours before a business presentation in front of the senior management of Maybank, the organising committee injected a virus into our laptops wiping out all our work and

presentation slides we had prepared.

WB: It was about working well with people who had different ideas and personalities, in an environment where time was a constraint and everyone lacked sleep. That was the toughest challenge.

How did joining MGAC help in preparing you for working life?

RA: MGAC taught me the importance of courage and resilience when faced with difficult situations. Everyone was tested beyond what they would expect. Now, I no longer take challenges as a road block but as an opportunity to grow.

SFP: MGAC was designed to test mental, physical and emotional aptitude aside from business acumen. Having been through the challenge, I feel Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m better equipped with Emotional Quotation qualities.

WB: MGAC prepared me to be ready for unforeseen circumstances. There are always changes and one has to be in the right frame of mind to be prepared to deliver what was promised. SE

WEIRDWACKYWORLD

www Tree’s company

OCT 2016

The oil tank that runs Windows Every single computer in existence has a way of cooling down – either by a bunch of fans in their CPU, or a liquid cooling system for the richer folks amongst us. However, have you ever seen a CPU that is submerged in liquid oil as a cooling system? You can even add bubble machines to make it look like an actual bubbling fish tank (minus the fish).

This works as the heat will be transferred to the surrounding oil, and will be dissipated through fans and radiators, leaving it cool again.

This is possible because mineral oil is not conducive, and hence would not cause the components to short circuit.

However, there can be many drawbacks to this method – you can’t overclock your PC (send it into overdrive), it’s incredibly troublesome to maintain and clean up, and it weighs a ton because it’s ultimately filled with heavy liquid.

Have you ever wanted a cool treehouse like the one in the Tarzan series?

Built in 1990 by Jose Luis for his children after being inspired by the movie Tarzan, it is built into the bark of a 300-year-old Ceiba tree in the Galapagos, and is a magnificent piece of architecture. It’s 50 feet high, and it even has a basement that brings you ten feet underground, and even has a layer of protection so that it wouldn’t cave in even if anything were to fall.

Its interior is also incredibly beautiful – it comes with a bar decorated with beer bottles, a full kitchen, and even a bathroom with running water.

The place is built using tonnes of recycled materials – such as discarded bottles as walls and lamps, truck tyres as swings, bent spoons as handles, and Coca Cola plastic carriers as walkways. Luis feels that this is his way of contributing to the conservation of the environment.

Good news for anyone who’s interested in the idea of seeing the place - visitors can pay $1.50 to visit the complex, and can even stay the night for $25!

The Village of Forgetfulness Hogewey is a nice little village in Amsterdam, complete with a supermarket, stores, a theatre and a barber shop. It is extremely pleasant, and has about 152 residents living in it.

But there is one thing about this village that is different from normal villages: it is actually a village specially made for dementia and Alzheimer patients.

Everything in the village is arranged so that it is prepared to give residents all the care they need, but while allowing patients to believe that they are still living in a real village.

All staff, such as the supermarket cashier, restaurant manager and hair dresser work incognito, and are specially trained to care for people with dementia.

This approach, as opposed to nursing homes, is much kinder in caring for old folks, allowing them the freedom to walk around outside, shop, visit friends and relax instead of just being confined in a tight space at all times.

w

Venom Man

Imagine walking back home from school or work, and in the bushes, you see a snake slowly slithering towards you. One’s natural reaction would be to either slowly back off and hope it doesn’t see you, or run away screaming and hope it’s not as fast as you. However, Tim Friede from America is one guy that would do the complete opposite, and would willingly let them bite him.

Since he was young, Friede has built up a tolerance to the venom of some of the world’s most poisonous snakes by subjecting himself to controlled doses of snake venom injections and snake bites. He is now completely immune to the poison of snakes, and can even take bites from the world’s most poisonous snake, the Black Mamba, whose bite can kill a human in 20 minutes.

He is now working with immunologists to find out how to help third-world countries develop vaccines for snake attacks.

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Literally meaning ‘Banana Ghost’ in Chinese, the Ba Jiao Gui is a female spirit that dwells within a banana tree, and can be heard wailing at night. It is believed that if you tie a red string to the banana tree and stab it with a few needles and tie the other end to your bed, the ghost will appear at your bed at night, begging you to set it free, and will offer winning lottery numbers in return. However, if

BY: CHRISTOPHER YEE & GEETHA BAI

T

his is Halloween… and this is the moment we celebrate the darker sides of the supernatural realm – and ‘tis the time when the scorned unrested, the mischievous ghouls, and the downright malevolent come out to play. But not everyone everywhere is terrified of the same spectres conjured by the night. Here’s what keeps different people up at night, in the different parts of the world.

you refuse to set the ghost free after receiving the numbers, it will murder you in your sleep.

This half woman half serpent monster is said to have an insatiable appetite for children. Lamia however wasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t always a horrific cannibalistic monster. She was once the beautiful Queen of Libya. It was her beauty that was believed to have caught the eye of Zeus, sending Hera, his wife into a jealous fury. Hera slayed all but one of Lamiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s children and cursed her so that her eyes would remain open forever-so that she would forever be haunted by the death of her children. Zeus, sympathetic towards her predicament, transformed her into her half serpentine form to allow her to exact revenge on the world. He also granted her the ability to remove her eyes from her sockets-allowing her the occasional temporary reprieve. Her grief, coupled with the envy she felt towards other mothers led her to prey on children by either eating them or sucking on their blood.

Just like the modern day Boogeyman, mothers and nannies alike would often use the story of Lamia to frighten children into good behaviour.

The Nishi Daak (which means Call of the Night Spirit in Bengali), is a spirit that only strikes at night, hence the name. When you least expect it, the Nishi (Night Spirit) would call out your name using the voice of a person dear to you. If the victim happens to turn and answer the voice, they will be hypnotised, and will follow the voice wherever it leads them, leaving no trace or clue and never to be seen again. However, they are only known to call out to the person a maximum of two times. Some tantrics (followers of an ancient Indian tradition of beliefs and meditation) are even said to nurture and control the Nishi in order to exact revenge. So the next time you go to Bengal, donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t be offended if someone ignores you when you call them less than two times, even though you are completely sure they heard you.

Known as the Weeping Woman in Spanish culture, this skeletal wailing spirit with rippling black hair is said to roam creeks and rivers in search for children to be dragged to their watery doom. While the tale of La Llorona differs from source to source, it is said that La Llorona is simply the spirit of a mother in search of her lost children. Common legend has it that the La Llorona was once known as Maria, a simple, beautiful peasant woman.

She was full or love and life, living with her wealthy husband and even bore him two children. Sadly, soon after that, her husband had a change of heart and no longer cared for Maria, deciding to leave her for another woman. Maria was devastated and flew into a terrible rage, turning against her own flesh and blood.

Upon

recovering from her tragic outburst, she realised that she had drowned her two children in the creek. Sick with inconsolable grief and heartache, she grew skeletal, refusing to eat or sleep combing the river banks in hopes of reviving her children. Alas, her mistake was irreversible - she died alone at the river banks. Now her spirit spends all of eternity in search for what she had lost.

The legend of Black Shuck leads us back to the Church of St Mary on the night of August 4th, 1577. It was said that it was a dark and stormy night that unleashed a darkness, thunder and lightning unlike anything that has ever been seen. People knelt in church, praying for mercy, when suddenly in their midst, appeared a great black Hell Hound.

It tore through the frightened congregation with its large red demonic eyes, snarling and attacking with its menacing teeth and claws.

It had dark shaggy black fur, and vanished almost as suddenly as it had appeared. The church was then struck by lightning, and it was said that a fire erupted. While the story remains unsubstantiated, town records show that two men did die at the church that night. Black Shuck is said to be often sighted on the coast, in forests or near bodies of water over East Anglia and usually bears with it a bad omen-the sign of doom. It is said that you can hear its ghoulish howls on a moonless night, out in the countrysides surrounding Cambridge.

The Kuchisake-onna, otherwise known as the “Slit-Mouthed Woman”, is one of Japan’s more chilling urban legends. The legend of Kuchisake-onna used to be a woman who was mutilated and murdered by her husband, and returned as a malicious spirit looking for revenge. The slit-mouthed

woman was rumoured to be sighted around Japan during the 1970s, causing mass hysteria and panic. The story goes that she would appear to innocent bystanders as a woman obscuring her face with a surgical mask (which is really not that uncommon, actually), or a scarf or fan. She will then ask the unfortunate victim if they thought she was pretty. If they say no, she would give the victim a smile similar to hers with a pair of scissors. If the victim says yes, they would still not be safe – she would reveal her bloody, gruesome mouth and ask “How about now?” If you say “no”, you’ll be killed on the spot. However, if you say “yes”, you’d still be in hot water – she’ll walk away, but will stalk and kill you when you get back home. The only way to escape her would be to give her an in-between answer like “so-so”, or to flip the question towards her. “Do you think I’m pretty?”, and run away while she’s confused. Or throw hard candy or fruits at her. Apparently she gets distracted by those too.

J

The Jumbie is a malevolent entity which is usually the spirit of a dead person-particularly an evil one. Dark and sinister, they lurk in dark, gloomy and spooky areas. Jumbies have no particular form. Some legends say that jumbies are headless bodies, while others say that they have heads that come without faces. They are also believed to be shape-shifters and could take the form of animals, most likely a cat. Children are therefore regularly prohibited from playing with strange animals.

Jumbies are an integral part of superstition and folklore. If townsfolk heard the hooting of the “jumbie bird” which in reality is simply an owl, it meant that death was near. Jumbies are also sometimes used to harm another person as they have the ability to possess humans.

Such spell-casting rituals are conducted by a witchdoctor known as the Obeah man.

Once a jumbie has been cast upon a person, the victim would suddenly move erratically, lose his ability of coherent speech and may even become mentally deranged. SE

BOOK REVIEWS

OCT 2016

Let the Right One in by John Ajvide Lindqvist

Coraline by Neil Gaiman

Set in Blakenberg, Stockholm, this story is about 12-year-old Oskar who lives with his mother. Sadly, Oskar is an outcast among boys his age. Friendless and isolated, he finds himself a victim of bullying. He then meets Eli, a child about his age one cold and dreary evening.

The two form a firm friendship built on mutual trust and desperation.

Eli helps drive Oskar’s tormentors away with her superhuman abilities, well, we almost forgot to tell you that Eli is a child vampire! The shocking ending is Halloween-worthy yet strangely heartwarming.

Coraline, a bright and curious kid has just moved into a large new house with her parents. Bored and restless, Coraline wanders about the new home and discovers a locked wooden door that reveals a brick wall. Feeling ignored by her busy parents, she decides to open the door (despite being warned against it) and discovers the brick wall has vanished, and there standing in the dark corridor are replicas of her parents – her “other mother” and “other father”. Who are they and what are their intentions? Find out for yourselves in this page turner.

Miss Peregrine’s Home for Peculiar Children

by Ransom Riggs

A distressing phone call from his grandfather sends 16-year-old Jacob over the edge. Fearing for his sanity, his parents refer him to a psychiatrist.

This leads him on a journey to a remote island in search of his grandfather.

There he discovers an abandoned orphanage, the same orphanage that his grandfather once lived in, alongside other peculiar, and potentially dangerous children. Will Jacob manage to find his grandfather in time?

Find out in this interesting novel based on beautiful vintage photography.

I Am Legend by Richard Matheson You may have seen the movie version of this book, but rest assured they are not exactly alike. Robert Neville is the last man standing in a world completely overrun by vampire-like creatures. Having lost his wife and child to the pandemic, he finds himself all alone, fending for himself with his dog for company. Hunting for food and supplies during the day, Robert barricades himself with garlic and crucifixes to keep the blood-thirsty monsters at bay at night. This novel is sure to keep you entertained (and terrified) the whole night.

FEATURE

OCT 2016

I

t’s that time of year again, where good trumps evil and light trumps darkness. Besides the spiritual significance of Deepavali, it is also a time for merriment and what better way to be merry than with the company of delicious food. As feasting is compulsory, we’ve put together a guide to help you navigate through your gastronomic adventures on this auspicious day.

Palkova Traditional Indian milk sweet, basically the product of vigilantly stirring milk, sugar and ghee under a low flame. It has a soft but crumbly, melt-in-yourmouth texture.

and sugar. Cardamom and nuts are also added - giving it a nutty and slightly spicy taste.

Ladoo One of the more popular ball shaped sweets made from flour, milk, sugar and spices. It has an overall sweet but spice-tinged taste, which can be attributed to clove or cardamom.

They may come in various colours, but they are all made from grated coconut flesh cooked in sugar and condensed milk. This sweet has a slightly hard exterior with a chewy soft centre.

Athirasam

Gulab Jamun

This fried delicacy with a doughtnut-like appearance, is sweet and has a spicy edge. It is soft and crumbly on the inside, with a thin outer skin that gives it its contrasting texture.

This orange-hued desert owes its soft grainy texture to semolina, ghee and water. It normally contains raisins and cashew nuts that give a bit of a crunch.

This sweet is traditionally made from milk solids which are kneaded into balls, deep-fried and then soaked in rose water flavoured sugar syrup.

Soan Papdi

Ghee Balls

Kesari

Although they come looking like pistachio-topped cubes, this sweet is strangely reminiscent of spun sugar, thanks to its flaky crispy texture. It simply dissolves in your mouth, just like cotton candy.

Jalebi These orange-coloured spirals are made from fried fermented batter, that are dunked into a thick sugar syrup. The crispy sugary coating on the outside compliments the soft tangy centre.

Murukku This crunchy, savoury snack is a Deepavali staple. There are many versions available including the spiral shaped, flat ribbon shaped and star shaped variants.

Halwa These bright orange sweets get their bright hue from grated carrots, which are cooked with ghee

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Coconut Candy

These melt-in-your-mouth treats are made from mung bean flour, cardamom and sugar. Warm melted ghee is poured into the flour to hold it all together as they are kneaded into tiny balls.

Omapodi You may have known this addictive deep-fried snack as muruku, but now you know that this stringlike golden brown snack is actually omapodi.

Mysore Pak This traditional sweet that has a fudge-like consistency and is made from ghee, sugar, gram flour and also cardamom. They are pale yellow and often cut into squares or diamonds.

Suji Ladoo This not-so-distant cousin of the yellow ladoo we’re used to is made from semolina, coconut, ghee and sugar.

Palkova

sugee ladoo

athirasam

ladoo

jalebi

gulab jamun

coconut candy

halwa

mysore pak omapodi

kesari

murukku

ghee balls

soan papdi

CAREERCHAT

OCT 2016

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Meet Malaysia’s

1st YouTuber with

B

A Million

Subscribers!

ram Lee, 28 from Sungai Petani, Kedah is (mostly) a one-man army behind YouTube channel CartoonHooligans. His subscriber base is primarily from the US, Canada, Brazil and Mexico with only 5% from Malaysia.

Having studied 3D animation at the One Academy, he started focusing on the channel full time at the beginning of this year.

Bram’s love for drawing ever since he was a child stemmed from watching TV and reading comic books, as there were very little entertainment options in his home town. With dreams of becoming a comic book artist and a passion for telling stories albeit not only in words, Bram won a talent search organised by Gempak for the under 18 category. He was only 15 then and the opportunity would have been to freelance for Gempak. Unfortunately, they denied him the opportunity due to his age.

However, it was not long before things started looking up again. Finding himself in the Klang Valley a year later to pursue his studies, the Gempak contest was organised again and he reiterated his intention of claiming his prize once more. Reluctant as they were, they eventually gave in and his work was published for the first time in a magazine when he was in Form 5. He was guided for one and a half years by the magazine’s comic director to ensure that he met industry standards.

Upon his graduation, he worked at a local studio, making TV commercials but after two and a half years, he decided to call it quits as the workload was too heavy and the creative freedom was limited. However, this was when he faced a dilemma – if he were to put his original idea online, he ran the risk of being plagiarised as he was relatively unheard of in the industry. As such, he decided to start

making parody videos in order to make a name for himself.

At what point did you get the assurance that you could focus full-time on the channel?

As an artiste, it is challenging to be told what to do because you tend to give your heart and soul into creating the artwork and the client or art director comes around and asks you to change it. In the end, after ten versions, they’ll go back to the first one. It happens everywhere, regardless of whether it’s a local company or a foreign one. With my channel, I am willing to adjust my content based on the feedback that I get but it still has to be something that I enjoy.

There have been quite a few YouTubers who have come out to say that YouTube doesn’t actually pay much even if you are getting the views and that you need to do sponsored content to survive. Being a YouTuber yourself,

what do you think of this?

I asked Google about that once and I was told that the rate at which you are paid depends on the location of your audience. So, for example, even if a YouTuber hits a million views but has an audience which is mainly from Malaysia and Singapore, they wouldn’t be getting paid much. Getting views from Asian countries don’t pay much as compared to getting views from Western countries and that is why American YouTubers tend to earn more.

What has being a YouTuber taught you?

Control. Even though I have creative freedom now, I still have to set limits for myself because my viewers are of various ages. I used to make dirty jokes in my videos but I toned them down these days.

For the full interview, head on over to www.campusplus.com.my. SE

BEAUTY

a n n e Hon

OCT 2016

Hand ld body -o y r tu n e c a is i d n Henna or Meh en gaining popularity art that has be tement these past as a fashion stainating from India, few years. Orig only used during henna is commvali.

Diwali or Deepa

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part from being used during occasions such as weddings and festivals, beauty enthusiasts now wear them to accessorise their hands whenever theyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re out. Try matching henna with nail polish and your hands will definitely steal the attention. One advice, make sure your henna design is on point.

For those of you who have never used henna before, here is a quick know-how to get your engines running.

1. Wash your skin with soap and water until itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s clean.

2. Cut the tip of the henna cone according to your preferred size using a nail clipper.

3. Gently press the cone with your thumb to dispense the henna and start designing.

4. Once done, let the henna dry for at least an hour.

The longer you leave it, the darker the colour.

5. Spray the henna with hairspray or gel spray and wrap your hand with gauze and leave it overnight.

6. Wash the henna with soap and put on some baby oil to make sure it stays longer.

Henna usually lasts five to 12 days, depending on the quality of the henna paste. If there is excess paste in your plastic cone, you can either throw it away or keep it in the freezer for future use. As for the design, we can help you with that by providing some of the best Arabic henna designs in 2016. We hope this can inspire your own creative design.

Happy Hennaing, and Happy Deepavali!

HOW THINGS WORK

How Do Candl

OCT 2016

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ight and heat have always been two integral components for the survival of mankind. Light allows us to see in the dark, thus keeping us safe. It also allows us to perform tasks, long after the Sun has set. Heat more than keeps us comfortable during cold nights, it actually keeps us alive and allows us to cook food. Mankind has indeed come a long way. The discovery of electricity and the advancement of technology supplies us with a limitless array of appliances and tools that make day to day living comfortable and simple. Just a flip of the switch would summon almost anything we desire, be it a warm meal, hot dry air to blow-dry your hair or even cool down a room to a more comfortable temperature. However, there is one thing that could shut down the entire horde of appliances – an electricity breakdown! When that happens, most of us scurry to reach for a few things, and one of them always is candles and matches.

The History of Candles The unassuming candle we know today has actually been around for more than 5,000 years. Since the beginning, candles were crafted out of waxy substances, and contained a wick. While not much is known about its exact origin, there is evidence that the earliest candles may have originated from China or India. It was said that the earliest candles in China were made of whale blubber, sometime during the Qin Dynasty. In India, the earliest

candles were said to have originated at about the same time as in China, the difference is that these candles were said to be made from the wax which was the residue obtained from boiling the fruit of the cinnamon tree.

The early Chinese candles contained wicks that were made from rice paper. The ancient Egyptians and Romans were also said to have used wicked candles since 3,000 BC. In fact, the ancient Romans are often regarded as the creators of the wicked candle, and are said to have created candles by dipping rolled up papyrus in melted tallow of beeswax. While the stories of its origin may vary, candles were invented for a common purpose – illumination!

During the 20th century, the boom of the oil and meat processing industries led to the increase of by products such as paraffin and stearic acid that turned out the be perfect basic ingredients for the candle making industry. The candle wick also went through changes since its early existence. The early wicks that were made from paper, hemp and cotton all had different burning times. These cotton wicks also had to be trimmed as the candle burned. New, more improved candles contain wicks that coil up as they burn and as such act to trim themselves as burning progresses.

How Do Candles Burn?

Candles are composed of two main components, the waxy part, and the wick.

To understand the synergy of these two

components, we take a peek at their chemical structures. All waxes are made up of hydrocarbons, which are basically hydrogen (H) and carbon (C) atoms. Hydrocarbons are basically fuel, and happen to be also used in cars as well as stored in cooking gas cylinders.

Although the hydrocarbon in the wax burns, simply setting a lump of wax on fire will not do the trick. Well, definitely not without the wick of course. This us because when you light a candle wick, the heat from the fire acts to melt the wax that is contained in the wick as well as the wax closest to the burning wick.

The wax that has just melted takes on a liquid form. The melted wax is then drawn up by the wick using what is known as capillary action. As the liquid wax is drawn up, it gains even more heat from the fire, becomes hotter and finally is turned into a gas. The process of the wax turning into gas is actually the process of breaking down the hydrocarbon into its hydrogen and carbon components. The wick therefore does more than melt the wax, it keeps the wax in the heat of the flame long enough so that it can turn into its gaseous form – which is the most crucial step. When this gas is released, it reacts with oxygen from the air to create light and heat. Carbon dioxide and water vapour is also released. This cycle continues as the heat that is created will melt more wax allowing the burning process to continue. It only stops once there’s no remaining wax, or if the heat source itself is extinguished. SE

BY: GEETHA BAI

oes a le Work?

GUYS STUFF

OCT 2016

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s a student, skincare is probably the last thing on your mind amidst your balancing act between your social life and your studies. More often than not, this means that most of you will neglect having a proper skincare routine. While you may look at it as a time-consuming hassle at this stage of your life, abide by these five commandments and your future self will thank you 20 years from now. Remember, while you may be updated on the latest trends when it comes to fashion, style is nothing without the basics.

Use a face wash daily Washing your face with soap may seem tempting when youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re in a rush but doing this will dry up your skin and leave it damaged. Instead, look for a fragrance-free facial wash which is suitable for all skin types. Between the gel and foam versions, do experiment to see which one you prefer. Ideally, this should be done when you wake up and right before you hit the sack at the end of the day.

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Don’t forget to scrub Being boys, our skin is thicker than those of our female counterparts and thus tends to collect more debris throughout the course of the day. Having said that, a facial scrub should not be used on a daily basis. However, using it two to three times a week will exfoliate and soften your skin, a plus point for those of you who find yourselves having to shave several times a week.

Don’t forget the toner!

As boys, our skin tends to produce extra sebum. As such, we need to apply toner to get rid of all of this excess oil and prevent blackheads while tightening our pores and reducing the shine on our faces. If you’re looking to treat an acne breakout, look for one with salicylic acid.

Don’t end up screaming for eye cream Eye cream, is definitely one of those things in your daily routine that you won’t see the need for until it’s too late. Unless you look forward to seeing those wrinkles around your eyes in the future, do remember to include this into your skincare routine. After all, the first signs of aging usually start at the eyes.

Moisturise, moisturise, moisturise!

While facial cleansers do remove all the dirt from your skin, it also dries it out and you definitely shouldn’t be leaving your skin in this condition. That’s right, this also applies to those of you with oily skin. For those of you going ‘Well, I shouldn’t even cleanse to begin with’, then, at this point, keep in mind that showering and washing your face with hot water has the same effect. Look out for a moisturiser with SPF to save time and your skin, especially if you tend to spend long hours outdoors.

Remember, the windscreen of your car won’t protect you from the damaging rays of the sun! Look out for a water-based moisturiser if you have skin which is oily or prone to breakouts.

MOVIE REVIEW

OCT 2016

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Captain Fantastic is the embodiment of indie movies that were once great and are now abandoned and traded for million dollar blockbusters with exploding cars.

he year 2016 is a great year for movie better choice in preparing them to combat life’s buffs. I’ve watched countless so far challenges. When Leslie commits suicide, Ben and I must say, Captain Fantastic is forced to go back to the outside world with easily climbed to one of the top spots the children he strongly sheltered. in my of favourites list and it’s for one simple The poster and synopsis showed less than reason – it’s different. When most writers what this movie has to offer. The scenes were and producers explore how the world and filmed in the rain-soaked forests of the Pacific humanity have evolved, Captain Northwest to the high desert “What we’ve created Fantastic goes back to the basic of of Albuquerque, so you can here may be unique in everything; life. imagine the beauty we’re all of human existence.

Determined to raise their six served with. The winning We’ve created a children in the wilderness away point of Captain Fantastic paradise.” - Ben from the corrupted society, Ben is that the entire plot is (Viggo Mortensen) and Leslie created their thought-provoking from the very beginning. own paradise in a forest where they train them The concept of going back to the core basic of to think critically. They believe that this is a humanity is so intriguing and attractive, it keeps 30

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you engaged throughout the movie. By the end of it, my emotions ran high with feelings of happiness, sadness, confusion, madness and sympathy but most importantly, I smiled at the end. It’s amazing to watch how human and raw this movie can be.

It contradicts our modern way of living and many may relate to their choice to live the way they live; hunt their own food, converse with facts backing every word and fill their time with beneficial activities. Jabs against politicians and the way we are conditioned to think is corrupting and degrading the full potential we’re capable of reaching added flavour to this movie. At the bottom of it all, it really comes down to discovering the true nature

of parenting. The question of whether Ben’s insistence on raising his children away from the world is justified or not lingers on long after the movie ends. Although almost barbaric, Ben’s way, proves to work considering how intelligent and strong his kids grew up to be but the issue of whether they’re happy is debatable by how clueless they are when it comes to social interaction. They have no idea how to make friends, which essentially is important to help them enjoy life. They celebrate Noam Chomsky’s day instead of Christmas, for heaven’s sake.

That’s the whole premise of Captain Fantastic. It doesn’t take a specific stand and force audiences to agree with just one

opinion, Ben’s or his in-laws’ who disagree with his choice. Just like parenting, it’s impossible to pick a favourite in the movie because their portrayal of each character is believable. The kids are nothing short of charming and talented but so is the convincing portrayal of a strong yet vulnerable father by Viggo Mortensen.

The family values are stressed in this movie and it teaches us that the path parents pave for us might not be the same one we want to walk on but it’s not necessarily the wrong one. Captain Fantastic shows the balance between life choices and reminds us to find joy in heart-shattering moments because life deserves to be celebrated. SE

MOVIES

OCT 2016

PREVIEWS

The Girl On The Train

Genius

STARRING: EMILY BLUNT REBECCA FERGUSON HALEY BENNETT JUSTIN THEROUX LUKE EVANS ÉDGAR RAMÍREZ ALLISON JANNEY LISA KUDROW

STARRING: COLIN FIRTH JUDE LAW NICOLE KIDMAN LAURA LINNEY GUY PEARCE DOMINIC WEST

RELEASE: 6th October 2016

RELEASE: 13th October 2016

On her train ride to work each morning, Rachel Watson observes a young couple who live a few doors down from her ex-husband and his new wife as a distraction, imagining how happy the young couple’s life must be. When one half of the couple goes missing, Rachel investigates while having to figure out what she herself was doing the night of her disappearance.

This biographical dramatisation follows the story of Max Perkins, who discovered the likes of Ernest Hemingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald during his time as a book editor at Scribner, as he works with writer Thomas Wolfe to the point where they become nearly inseparable.

Following his first best-seller, Wolfe reveals his second manuscript to Perkins which, much to Perkins’ horror, is 1,000 pages long!

The Accountant

Trolls

STARRING: BEN AFFLECK ANNA KENDRICK J. K. SIMMONS JON BERNTHAL JEFFREY TAMBOR JOHN LITHGOW

STARRING: ANNA KENDRICK JUSTIN TIMBERLAKE ZOOEY DESCHANEL RUSSELL BRAND JAMES CORDEN GWEN STEFANI

RELEASE: 20th October 2016

RELEASE: 27th October 2016

It’s no secret that socially awkward mathematical genius Christian Wolff prefers the company of numbers to people on any given day.

What is a secret, however, is his double life as a forensic accountant by day and a highly trained assassin by night. With a treasury agent hot on his heels, the body count starts to rise as he inches closer to uncovering the truth involving a discrepancy of millions of dollars.

The latest Dreamworks production, which as you may have guessed is indeed about trolls, features Kendrick and Timberlake as the voices of the preppy Princess Poppy and the grumpy Branch. Watch as these two opposing personalities go on a quest to save their population from the Bergens. This musical comedy, which revolves around how trolls came into their vibrant and colourful hair, promises to be entertaining for the whole family.

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MUSIC

REVIEWS

OCT 2016

It Doesn’t Have To Make Sense | Ingrid Michaelson

Wild World

It Doesn’t Have To Make Sense is singer-songwriter Ingrid Michaelson’s seventh studio album and it’s good enough for us to wonder why we haven’t heard her work before (or maybe we did but didn’t know it was her?). Simply said, it’s one of those albums that manages to get deep without getting heavy. On this album, look out for ‘Light Me Up’, ‘Miss America’, ‘Another Life’, ‘Drink You Gone’, and ‘Old Days’.

This British indie pop band is back with their second studio album. As mainstream as they have become with their hit singles, Bastille remains very much a band which most of you will either hate or love with very few landing in between. Having said that, the album does have a slight feel of trying to break away, at least a little, from that mainstream vibe. In particular, check out ‘The Currents’, ‘Power’, ‘Blame’, and ‘Winter Of Our Youth’.

Glory (Deluxe Version)

Brave Enough

| Britney Spears

The deluxe version of Brit’s new album is packed with a whopping 17 tracks and starts off rather disappointingly and doesn’t get much better as it goes along, almost like she tried just a wee bit too hard on this album – perhaps she was trying for a new sound? Well new it certainly is, but whether it was something that should have been done in the first place is highly debatable. Having said that, the album does get a little better towards the end. Aside from hit single ‘Make Me…’, salvageable tracks include ‘Love Me Down’, ‘Hard To Forget Ya’, ‘Change Your Mind (No Seas Cortes)’, and ‘Coupure Électrique’.

| Bastille

| Lindsey Stirling

Brave Enough is American electronic musician Lindsey Stirling’s third studio album and if her name only sounds vaguely familiar, then you’ve probably come across her work on YouTube seeing as her music video ‘Crystallize’ was the eighth-most watched video of 2012 and her cover version of ‘Radioactive’ with Pentatonix won Response of the Year in the first YouTube Music Awards in 2013.

Aside from the title track, tracks of note on this album include ‘The Arena’, ‘Something Wild’, and ‘The Phoenix’.

Always keep those hands clean!

AUGUST 2014

wellness

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WELLNESS

clean

hands saves lives

OCT 2016

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Aside from eating right and regular exercise, thereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s one other way to ensure that you stay in tiptop form, always.

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e use our hands all the time to get things done throughout the day and yet most of us tend to forgo the need to sanitise our hands because we think that a quick wash with water will do the trick. Did you know that despite being cleaned regularly, the toilet door knob is one of the most germ infested things in school, in public areas i.e. shopping malls, and even at home? Even desks, where sneezes and coughs end up all over, aren’t spared. Instead of putting these germs into your mouth when you eat or taking these germs home to Mommy dearest, get rid of them!

remove germs, avoid getting sick and prevent the spread of germs to others. Didn’t think it’d be that easy, huh? Think again.

Carry A Hand Sanitiser

When To Clean There are some critical times to clean your hands and they are: • Before and after meals and snacks • Before caring for young children • After touching a public surface • Before and after preparing food,

especially when handling raw meat,

poultry, or seafood • After using the restroom • When hands are dirty • After touching animals • When you or someone around you is ill

Now that we’ve got that out of the way, here’s how you can keep your hands hygienic at all times.

You know those little bottles of liquid that people use sometimes? Yup, those. As much as it seems gross that your friends are opting for the slightly gooey gel instead of actually washing their hands, hand sanitisers can deactivate the H1N1 virus on contact. It also neutralises many other harmful bacteria like E. coli, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Salmonella, all of which causes serious illness. Opt for an alcohol-based hand sanitiser because it breaks up bacterial proteins and kills them. The right way to use a hand sanitiser is to use enough of it. Coat the front and back of your hands, getting them wet enough so that they take at least 15 seconds to dry.

Pack Some Wipes Wash With Soap & Water Hand washing is like a “do-it-yourself” vaccine and it involves only five simple and effective steps - wet, lather, scrub, rinse and dry. With this easy regime, you can reduce the spread of diarrheal diseases (shigellosis, typhoid, and cholera), acute respiratory infections (SARS, bird flu) and eye infections so you can stay healthy.

Regular hand washing, particularly before and after certain activities, is one of the best ways to

Sanitising wipes are great for almost everything from cleaning a baby’s butt to sanitising your hands and even right down to wiping down surfaces anytime, anyplace and anywhere. Wipes are different from sanitisers as they sanitise and clean in one step when applied to the surface or hands. They’re useful for when you can’t get to a sink and they’re also more convenient as they can be discarded easily whereas washing with soap and water require a rinse and dry. SE

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GAMING

OCT 2016

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e’ve all heard of the AAA titles in gaming – titles that grab headlines wherever they go, and create massive hype. However, we shouldn’t forget the small, but equally grand titles that may have skipped the majority’s radars. Here are a few of the top cult games that are totally underrated due to unfortunate circumstances.

Psychonauts (2005)

Grim Fandango (1998, Remastered in 2015) A tragic tale of over saturation of games when it was first released caused it to be largely ignored, but to those who have played Tim Schafer’s masterpiece, Grim Fandango can be said to be one of those games with an incredibly amazing story and a great Film Noir style.

The game takes place in the Land of the Dead, where departed souls aim to make their way to the Land of Eternal Rest.

Kind souls are given luxury rides to their destination, but the not-so-nice are left to get there on their own. Many give up, and just find jobs in the Land of the Dead instead.

You play as Manny Calavera, a travel agent working in the department of death, and left to pay of his debt to the “powers that be”, and is responsible for selling travel packages. After being frustrated that no customers who can afford tickets are coming his way, he decides to snoop around and discovers a plot to deny tickets to as many souls as possible. Calavera decides to take matters into his own hands.

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Another game born of the fantastically intriguing mind of Tim Schafer, Psychonauts follows the adventures of Razputin Aquato (a.k.a. Raz), a young child who ran away from his psychic-hating family who worked in the circus, as he eagerly breaks into a Summer Camp that serves as a guise for a remote US Government training facility to raise psychic soldiers known as ‘Psychonauts’ to help defeat evil-doers, wanting to join their ranks.

Throughout the platform video game, you will control Raz as he invades the mental worlds of enemies and acquaintances, attempting to foil the world domination plans of the big baddie, while helping people along the way.

Vampire: The Masquerade – Bloodlines (2004) Based on the famous role-playing board game, “The World of Darkness” by White Wolf Publishing, Vampire: The Masquerade puts you in the shoes of a fledgling vampire, dropped almost immediately into vampiric politics the moment you were reborn. Unfortunately, the game did poorly due to it having to compete with titles like Half-Life 2, and its many technical flaws.

The game allows you to dive into the incredibly deep and political world of vampires and the supernatural, with different clans of vampire fighting for different causes. Players can choose what clan they are born into, as well as who to support during the course of the game, all while trying to mask the fact that you are a creature of the night to other normal, human night dwellers.

American McGee’s Alice (2000)

Suikoden (1995)

A much darker and twisted re-imagining of the classic fairy tale Alice in Wonderland, the game tells the tragic story of what happened to Alice since we left her in Through the Looking Glass and What Alice Found There – a tragic fire that broke out in her home, leaving her the sole survivor of the Liddell family.

Suffering from immense survivor’s guilt, Alice is transferred into Rutledge Asylum, and after 10 years of mental degradation, Alice is sucked back into a Wonderland (which all exists in her imagination) that has become horribly twisted, and barely recognisable.

The series might be a little dark for some, but for those who would venture to try it, just let loose, have fun, and remember to remember - we’re all mad here.

Loosely based on the Chinese novel Shui Hu Zhuan (Water Margin), this classic RPG game is one that features an amazingly huge cast of playable characters (altogether 108 of them), and an excellent political narrative. Not only do each character have excellent depth and complexity, the story itself can get extremely emotional too.

The player is charged with the gathering of 108 protagonists, known as the “108 Stars of Destiny”, all of whom are loosely interpreted from the source material.

The game centres on strategic battles, with you controlling six-person parties, with a variety of statistics determining in-game combat ability. Battles are also differentiated into three types: Regular battles, one-on-one Duels, and large scale Massive Battles.

Beyond Good and Evil (2003) Taking place in the distant future of 2435, the mining planet of Hillys is taken under siege by aliens called the “DomZ”, who abduct beings and either drain their life force for power, or turn them into slaves.

It is up to Jade, a young photojournalist who resides in an orphanage for DomZ victims, an Artificial Intelligence built into her storage unit, and her “uncle”, an anthropomorphic boar to rise up against their alien oppressors and save their home.

A 3rd-person action-adventure game with puzzle solving and stealth, players will also be treated to a variety of minigames and sub-missions offered by NPCs (Non Player Characters) scattered throughout their beautiful (for their time) world.

BERITA

OKT 2016

PELANCARAN #MYDIGITALMAKER MENGGALAKKAN BELIA MALAYSIA MENJADI PENCIPTA DIGITAL Pergerakan #mydigitalmaker hasil kerjasama antara ahli akademik awam dan swasta bertujuan menghasilkan masyarakat yang bercirikan Pencipta Digital. Pergerakan ini akan mengubah belia daripada pengguna kepada pencipta digital dengan menyebatikan kemahiran digital ke dalam kurikulum pendidikan serta aktiviti ku-

kurikulum. Bermula Januari 2017, Pemikiran Komputasi akan diterapkan ke dalam Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Rendah (KSSR) baru dan Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Menengah (KSSM) baru sebagai agenda yang diterajui Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (KPM) dengan sokongan daripada MDEC. Integrasi ini akan memberi manfaat kepada seramai 1.2 juta pelajar daripada sebanyak 10,173 buah sekolah di seluruh negara pada tahun depan.

KUTIPAN DERMA PEMULIHARAAN lambang KEBANGSAAN ANJURAN SRI Ucsi Berikutan semangat kemerdekaan, Sekolah Sri UCSI menganjurkan kempen kutipan derma bagi memulihara harimau Malaya.

Sekolah tersebut bermatlamat mengutip derma sebanyak RM20,000 melalui pelbagai aktiviti yang dianjurkan. Hasil kutipan tersebut akan disalurkan kepada Tabung Pemuliharaan Harimau WWFMalaysia. Kempen tersebut dilancarkan dengan ceramah yang diberikan oleh A.Lasal, Pengurus Jangkauan Belia WWF-

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Malaysia kepada pelajar Sri UCSI tentang masalah kepupusan yang dialami oleh populasi harimau di Malaysia serta usaha pemuliharaan yang dijalankan oleh WWF serta badan-badan kerajaan.

Pelajar sekolah rendah Sri UCSI membaca tentang pemuliharaan harimau Malaya

VITAGEN Perkasakan Transformasi Dalaman Para Peserta Akademi Fantasia 2016

VITAGEN, minuman susu kultur pertama dan No.1 di Malaysia, adalah penaja utama Akademi Fantasia (AF) 2016 dan dijangka merubah para peserta bermula dari menjaga kesihatan sistem penghadaman untuk meningkatkan tahap kesihatan keseluruhan mereka. Pada masa yang sama, membantu mereka menguruskan tekanan yang dihadapi dalam usaha menjadi seorang bintang.

VITAGEN akan terlibat secara langsung untuk mempromosikan kesihatan sistem penghadaman yang lebih baik melalui aktiviti senaman dan nutrisi yang lebih baik. Ia dilakukan menerusi satu segmen kecergasan dan hidup sihat pada setiap Selasa bersama Jurulatih Cem, seorang perunding kecergasan yang terkenal. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Kami sedar bahawa para peserta AF2016 perlu melalui tekanan yang hebat, kurang tidur, hilang motivasi dan tabiat diet tidak sihat yang boleh menjejaskan kesihatan sistem penghadaman mereka. Sebab itulah kami memberikan mereka bimbingan profesional mengenai kesihatan sistem penghadaman, kecergasan dan pengambilan nutrisi yang betul oleh jurulatih Cem. Setara AF yang dominan dalam mempromosikan bakat nyanyian baru, VITAGEN telah merintis jalan untuk menggalakkan kesihatan sistem penghadaman dalam kalangan rakyat Malaysia melalui pendidikan dan aktiviti kesedaran sejak 1977. Daripada program-program di sekolah, acara tahunan Healthy Digestion Walk dan banyak lagi, VITAGEN telah menjadi sebahagian daripada kesihatan hidupan seharian serta kesejahteraan harian rakyat Malaysia.

KES KAJIAN SEJARAH

OKT 2016

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alaysia merupakan salah satu destinasi pelancongan yang terkemuka di dunia. Masyarakat Malaysia yang berbilang kaum membuat para pelancong tertarik dan terpesona. Apatah lagi dengan kepelbagaian perayaan serta makanan tradisional yang terdapat di sini. Musim cuti sekolah yang bakal tiba merupakan tempoh yang sesuai untuk melawat ke beberapa tempat bersejarah yang menarik di seluruh negara. Kes kajian ini akan memaparkan beberapa destinati menarik yang menanti kunjungan anda.

Melaka

Dikenali sebagai bandar bersejarah di negara kita, Melaka merupakan antara destinasi terkemuka bagi pelancong asing yang datang ke negara kita. Negeri yang kaya dengan sejarah silam ini pernah dijajah oleh beberapa kuasa asing seperti Portugis, Belanda dan juga British. Kuasa-kuasa asing ini meninggalkan pengaruh yang mendalam di Melaka, sehingga hari ini. Kesan daripada pengaruh ini diterbitkan melalui seni bina rekaan bangunan serta tapak peninggalan sejarah lama. Beberapa tapak tarikan sejarah termasuk A Famosa, Bangunan Stadhuys, replika Istana Kesultanan Melaka serta Dataran Portugis.

Setelah Melaka ditawan Portugis, masyarakat Melaka zaman pada zaman itu membantu pihak Portugis membina sebuah kubu sebagai perlindungan daripada penceroboh asing.

Kubu A Famosa mengalami kerosakan akibat serangan Belanda. Bangunan Stadhuys pula merupakan kediaman rasmi Gabenor Belanda pada tahun 1650. Kini, ia digunakan sebagai muzium yang menempatkan bahan peninggalan sejarah. Dataran Portugis, yang juga dikenali sebagai Mini Lisbon terletak di Petempatan Portugis yang merupakan tempat tumpuan adat Portugis. Selain itu, terdapat juga replika Istana Kesultanan Melaka yang dibina di kaki bukit St. Paul. Reka bentuknya berdasarkan kandungan dalam hasil tulisan Sejarah Melayu, yang ditulis pada kurun ke-16.

Replika ini memberikan imbasan kepada kerajaan Melayu lama yang berkembang maju di sini. Replika istana itu juga menempatkan Muzium Kebudayaan Melaka yang mempunyai pelbagai artifak daripada kerajaan tersebut.

Pulau Pinang

Pulau Pinang juga merupakan sebuah lagi destinasi pelancongan yang terkenal di kalangan pelancong asing. Sejak Sir Francis Light menjejakkan kakinya ke Pulau Pinang, ia telahpun menjadi pelabuhan entrepot dan pusat pelancongan antarabangsa. Antara pusat pelancongan yang terkenal ialah Fort Cornwallis yang juga dikenali sebagai Padang Kota Lama. Fort Cornwallis diberi nama sempena nama Gabenor-Jeneral Bengal dalam akhir kurun ke 1700, Charles Cornwallis. Ia menjadi salah satu mercu tanda bersejarah di Georgetown. Fort Cornwallis terletak berhampiran Esplanade, bersebelahan dengan Jam Memorial Victoria. Dinding kubu setinggi lebih kurang 10 kaki ini dibina dalam bentuk bintang. Perjalanan mengelilingi kubu

ini mengambil masa 10 minit. Di dalam kubu ini, anda boleh melihat tinggalan struktur lama yang dibina berkurun lalu seperti sebuah gereja kecil, penjara, kawasan penyimpanan senjata, lampu rumah api yang pernah diguna untuk memberi amaran kepada kapal, tiang bendera asal dan beberapa meriam gangsa lama yang mana salah sebuah daripadanya meriam Belanda, dikenali sebagai Seri Rambai, bertarikh 1603.

Sarawak

Negeri Sarawak yang juga dikenali sebagai Bumi Kenyalang merupakan negeri yang terbesar di Malaysia. Negeri Sarawak menempatkan banyak bangunan bersejarah.

Antaranya ialah Muzium Sejarah Cina yang terletak di kawasan Waterfront berhadapan Kuil Tua Pek Kong. Disini terdapat jejak sejarah masyarakat Cina di Sarawak. Antara catatan sejarah yang dipamerkan adalah seperti laluanlaluan perniagaan awal, penghijrahan awal dari China, taburan geografi, peneroka-peneroka awal, aktiviti-aktiviti perdagangan tradisional, pembentukan industri perdagangan dan persatuan-persatuan komuniti, serta sejarah politik. Kubu Margherita atau Fort Margherita,

yang dibina pada tahun 1897 juga merupakan satu tempat pelancongan bersejarah yang menarik.

Bangunan ini mendapat namanya sempena isteri kepada Rajah Sarawak Kedua, Sir Charles Brooke yang bernama Renee Margaret Brooke.

Kubu ini terletak di kedudukan strategik di atas bukit yang mengadap lencongan sungai dengan pemandangan meluas ke semua arah.

Pembinaannya bertujuan untuk menunjukkan kuasa dan keteguhan kerajaan Sarawak, di samping menambahkan keindahan Sarawak.

Bagi memastikan bangunan bersejarah terus terpelihara, Jabatan Muzium Malaysia telah membuat kerja pemuliharaan ke atas kubu ini pada tahun 2002.

Walau bagaimanapun kubu ini kemudiannya mengalami kerosakan dinding yang teruk dan sekali lagi dibaik pulih secara intensif pada tahun 2012 hingga 2013. Satu lagi tempat bersejarah yang penting di Sarawak ialah Tugu Peringatan Charles Brooke yang terletak di hadapan Court House, Kuching.

Tugu setinggi enam meter ini mula dibina pada tahun 1924 bagi memperingati Charles Brooke. Di suatu sudut tugu ini, terdapat panel yang diperbuat daripada gangsa bagi melambangkan masyarakat majmuk yang terdapat Sarawak iaitu masyarakat Melayu, Cina, Dayak serta Kadazan. Sebuah lagi menara jam didirikan di belakang tugu tersebut pada tahun 1883.

Terengganu

Satu lagi destinasi pelancongan bersejarah yang terkenal di Malaysia ialah negeri Terengganu. Tempat-tempat pelancongan yang terkenal di sini ialah Bukit Puteri, Istana Maziah dan Masjid Tengku Tengah Zaharah.

Bukit Puteri merupakan bukit bersejarah dengan ketinggian 200 meter. Bukit ini dijadikan sebuah kubu antara tahun 1831 dan 1876 yang bertujuan melindungi negeri tersebut daripada serangan musuh. Sebuah lagi tempat bersejarah yang menarik, Istana Maziah tersergam indah di kaki bukit tersebut.

Istana yang indah ini didirikan pada tahun 1897 bagi menggantikan Istana Hijau yang musnah dalam kebakaran semasa Perang Dunia Kedua. Istana ini merupakan tempat mengadakan perayaan diraja dan juga bagi menyambut kedatangan orang kenamaan.

Masjid Tengku Tengah Zaharah pula merupakan sebuah masjid yang unik, kerana kelihatan seakan-akan â&#x20AC;&#x153;terapungâ&#x20AC;? di atas air. SE

Perbincangan Bahagikan kelas kepada beberapa kumpulan. Setiap kumpulan akan diberikan salah sebuah negeri di Malaysia. Tugas setiap kumpulan adalah untuk membuat kajian tentang tempattempat bersejarah yang terdapat di negeri tersebut. Kemudian, pelajar dikhendaki menceritakan asal-usul tempat-tempat ini kepada rakan-rakan mereka dalam kelas.

CASE STUDY SCIENCE

OCT 2016

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C

yborgs seemed to have

artificial heart is styled after the human heart,

(TAH) which has been in development for the

been a topic of interest

having several valves that propel blood as well

past 40 years. The TAH contains mechanical

for quite a while. The

as having one or more chambers. The artificial

chambers and valves, that are attached to

interest in part-mechanical

heart can be used to temporarily help your

the upper chambers of the heart (the atria).

humans have been reflected by the various

heart, until it recovers as it can be removed

According to the National Heart, Lung and

stories, movies, television series and novels

when no longer needed. However, if the heart

Blood Institute (NIH), there are two types

from the 1960’s era. Isaac Asimov’s story, the

sustains irreversible damage, the artificial heart

of TAH. The difference between these two

Bicentennial Men explored this idea that

can be used to keep the patient alive as he or

types is the power source. One type is

robots could use biological matter to build

she waits for a heart transplant.

connected to an external power source, while

limbs that resembled those of a human. There

the other doesn’t need it - as it is powered

as the Bionic Woman, Six Million Dollar Man,

TO TAL ArTIFIcIAL HEArT (TAH)

Robocop, and The Terminator revolving

There are more permanent solutions for

the battery through the skin. Energy from the

around this concept. With the advancement of

heart failure that is the total artificial heart

external charger can reach the internal battery

were many television shows and movies such

technology, the idea of human cyborgs is no longer simply fictional.

REAL LIFE HUMAN CYBOrGS We already carry various gadgets that help us in many ways throughout the day. Cell phones, smart watches, and tablets have become an extension of us, so much that we simply can’t leave home without them. But sometimes, circumstances dictate that people need a mechanical extension or appendages to allow themselves the complete spectrum of human function and sometimes, that could also mean giving someone a heart.

ArTIFIcIAL hEArT An artificial heart is a mechanical device that is connected to your heart or inserted into your chest cavity. This is usually done when a patient suffers from heart failure or sustains injuries to the heart muscle. Naturally, the

by a battery. This battery can be charged by a special magnetic charger that can charge

through an energy transfer device called the transcutaneous energy transmission (TET).

ArTIFIcIAL HEArT SUrGErY Having surgery to insert a mechanical heart into the human body is a rather complex procedure. This marathon-like feat can take up to nine hours to complete, and needs as many as 15 experts in the operating room

patient is under anaesthesia, a breathing tube

TAH to the atria of the heart. Once the TAH

during surgery. This team consists of surgeons

is inserted in their windpipes through the

is attached to the heart correctly, the bypass

who perform the operation, nurses to assist

throat. This tube is connected to a ventilator

machine is turned off and the newly inserted

and anaesthesiologists who are in charge

which is a machine that supports breathing.

TAH starts pumping. However, the patient

of administering the anaesthetics that keep

An incision is then made in the centre of the

does not develop super human strength or

the patient comfortable and free of pain.

patientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s chest, and then the chest bone and

capabilities, unlike in the movies. However, as

Cardiovascular perfusionists are also present

ribcage will be cut so that the surgeon has

recovery slowly progresses, the patient may

during the surgery. Perfusionists are in charge

access to the heart. Medicines are given to

find that they are able to perform tasks they

of the heart-lung bypass machine, that will

the patient to stop the heart from beating.

could not perform before, that were otherwise

keep blood flowing through the body while

The surgeon can then operate on the heart

impossible or difficult when they were still

the patient is receiving the TAH.

once itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s still. The heart-lung bypass machine

facing heart problems. Now that we know

maintains the flow of blood through the

science has replaced the human heart, we look

the surgery to assemble the TAH and make

patientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s body. The surgeons will then remove

at some other organs that can be engineered

sure it is functioning correctly. Once the

the ventricles of the heart and attach the

in the labs to function inside the human body. SE

Trained engineers are also present during

DISCUSSION

be rather stressful and also time consuming

1. Find out more about the

as they have to calculate insulin doses and

regulatory mechanisms that allow the artificial pancreas to work,

also administer insulin injections in regular intervals. Also, diabetics could face problems

and describe how it functions, in

when they sleep, as blood sugar levels could

your own words.

fall dangerously low during these periods, sending them into shock. The Artificial

Artificial Pancreas to be

Pancreas Device System has been designed

available by 2018

for this purpose.

An artificial pancreas device system is particularly useful for diabetics. Diabetics,

2. The following is an excerpt on the BioLung.

MC3, a medical device pioneer based in

especially those who suffer

Ann Arbor, has designed and patented the

from Type I diabetes

BioLung. The size of a soda can, BioLung

have difficulties regulating

works outside the body, where it performs

blood sugar levels due to the

the vital function of removing carbon

deficiency or absence of the

dioxide from the bloodstream and delivering

hormone insulin. Those who

oxygen. This gives the natural lungs time

suffer from Type 2 Diabetes

to heal while patients recover from injury

also face difficulty in regulating

or illness, or until donor lungs become

blood sugar levels as their bodies somehow develop resistance towards the insulin. Both Type I and Type 2 diabetics benefit from having insulin injected into their blood streams.

However, managing this disease can

available. BioLung is currently undergoing testing for FDA submission.

Find out more about the BioLung and how it functions. Present these findings to your classmates.

CASE STUDY BUSINESS

OCT 2016

PART 1

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R

ob has been planning to start a business that provides animation products and services for sometime.

One of the main issues that held him back was planning his business. Rob is well aware, from past experiences and from observing his competition, that there is more to business planning than simply the service, pricing and branding. He also knows that it would take a huge personal and financial commitment from him but he is not sure if he has the right information that would allow him to plan his business properly.

Rob meets Matt, a potential investor who is also an old friend. From his experience, Matt is aware that banks and other financial institutions

would only grant business loans after being furnished with the business plan. The business plan shows them the level of seriousness and the ultimate goal of the endeavour. It also allows financial institutions to gauge just how good the idea is and if it is a profitable one, or otherwise.

Matt is willing to help Rob create an outline for the Business Plan for the animation studio.

According to Matt, before you write your business plan, here are some of the things you need to complete. Having a clear picture of what your goals are, and how to attain make up the core of the business plan.

Here are some of the parts you will need to include in the business plan.

The main sections are:

Executive Summary Company Overview Business Environment Company Description Company Strategy Financial Review Action Plan

ROB’S ANIMATION STUDIO 1.0 Executive Summary This section allows Rob to give a brief explanation about his business idea. It is essential that Rob provide information about his idea and what makes it profitable in the long run, as well as the drive that went into the conception of this idea. They can also share some insight on the current market, and what his plan is to capture this market. Rob can also share information on what makes his idea profitable, as well as his projection in terms of revenue.

Objectives Rob has a chance to list down the objectives of his business idea. This process forces him to come create realistic projections on what he feels the company should achieve within a number of years of its inception.

Mission The mission statement provides the framework and context to steer the company’s strategies and actions by spelling out the overall goals. This supports the internal decision making process as well as communicates the company’s mission to customers, suppliers and well as the community.

2.0 Company Summary The company summary allows Rob to elaborate a little bit more on the company in terms of who his target customers are as well as the rationale behind the business location.

2.1 Start-up Summary In this section, Rob should elaborate a little bit more on the start-up costs of the business. a) Company assets for the start-up This can be done by listing all the items (especially

equipment) he requires for the initial start-up.

For example; Rob’s Animation Studio will require the some of the following: • Number of machines optimised to run design software • Design software and other software for each machine • Drawing tools and accessories • Copiers/Printers • Furniture b) Requirements for start-up

There are other expenses that will be incurred upon the start of the business. This includes some of the following: • Rental • Legal fees • Stationery • Brochures/Signage This information is not only useful to potential investors and financing agencies, but also helps you achieve the following: i) identify long term assets and their cost; ii) identify start-up assets and their cost; and iii) Identify start-up expenses which will allow you to deduce the total amount of funding required for both start-up expenses as well as start-up assets.

The start-up summary should also contain information on total liabilities and capital.

2.2 Company Ownership Rob will state the owner and type of ownership of the company.

3.0 Services/Products Here, Rob will explain the full extent of the service or products his company will offer.

He will also justify the requirements for the start-up assets as well as how these assets will be used in the business.

4.0 Market Analysis Summary Before Rob is able to complete this section, he needs to first have conducted sufficient market research. Market study/research entails a variety of aspects and one of it is competition. Rob can study trends in his competitorsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; business models to come up with an idea that would set his business apart from the rest. As there can be several competitors that offer the same services or products for similar costs, some businesses tend to find their own niche to gain part of the market share.

4.1 Market Segmentation Once Rob identifies his target market; he can then work on identify the target segments that are in the market. Market segmentation is a marketing strategy that helps the businesses divide broad target markets into smaller subsets. The main bases of market segmentation are, geographic, demographic, behavioural, and psychographic in nature.

For instance, Robâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Animation Studio could have two distinct target populations: a) Individual client. These clients are likely to bring in short term projects, and will try to keep cost at a minimum. b) Corporate client. These clients are likely to bring in long-term contracts, and are more likely to set aside a larger budget to get the best service and product.

4.2 Target Market Segment Strategy Rob needs to understand the segments that exist in his target market. From then on he can decide if these segments require marketing strategies that are significantly different from the other, and the strategies required to satisfy the segments involved.

4.3 Service Business Analysis Here, Rob needs to understand the competition that is around the proposed location of his business. He needs to study detailed list of their services as well as their target markets. From there, he needs to deduce if the market is already saturated or if will still be a viable demand for the services offered by Robâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Animation Studio.

4.3.1 Competition and Buying Patterns Rob also needs to study his competitors and the area of competition. In all, Rob needs to understand the number of competitors and the areas in which they would compete. For instance, some competitors may compete with him in terms of cost, if they are able to offer a lower cost for the same service. SE Look out for Part 2 in our SE November edition

CASE STUDY ENGLISH

OCT 2016

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NE FRANK’S DIARY EXCERPTS FROM AN

July 9, 1942

m windowless washroo right of the stairs is a to in the corner leads with a sink. The door one to Margot’s and the toilet and another introduced you to the my room… Now I’ve nex!” whole of our lovely An

of the building… A “Here’s a description from the downstairs ds wooden staircase lea or. At the top of the hallway to the third flo doors on either side. h stairs is a landing, wit ce takes you up to the spi The door on the left rt n’t abandoned all d loft in the front pa “It’s a wonder I have storage area, attic an ep, ste y ver , tch Du so absurd and lly m my ideals, they see of the house. A typica from s run o als irs to them because sta g of practical. Yet I clin im ankle-twisting flight or of everything, that house to another do I still believe, in spite the front part of the at heart. It’s utterly eet. The door to the ople are truly good pe opening onto the str x ne An build my life on a ds to the Secret impossible for me to right of the landing lea r eve fering and death. use. No one would ndation of chaos, suf fou at the back of the ho d slowly transformed many rooms behin I see the world being suspect there were so all ar the approaching There’s just one sm into a wilderness, I he that plain grey door. ,I e y, will destroy us too or, and then you’r thunder that, one da step in front of the do en wh t, millions. And ye d of you is a steep feel the suffering of inside. Straight ahea ay t llw how feel tha left is a narrow ha k up at the sky, I some flight of stairs. To the Frank I loo the as better, that ves the ser t for tha ge m erything will chan ev opening onto a roo or do end, that peace and d bedroom. Next this cruelty too shall family’s living room an dy once more.” bedroom and stu tranquillity will return is a smaller room, the the To ily. fam the of ies of the two young lad

July 15, 1944

J

ournal writing is a rather personal activity that could mean different things to different people. It can simply be the act of keeping a record, or a log of everything that we do with our day-to-day lives, or writing down more than the mundane events, such as feelings and reactions toward a particular event.

Some of the most influential people in history have kept detailed journals to document the events of their lives.

In this case study, we explore the life of a very prominent person in history – Anne Frank Anne Frank was born on June 12, 1929.

She was a German-Jewish teenager who had to go into hiding during the second world war, with her family members and a few other members of her community. For two years, they hid in a secret annex of rooms in Amsterdam. Sadly, it wasn’t long before their hiding place was discovered, that resulted in their arrest. Anne perished in a Nazi concentration camp in March,

1945. She was only 15 years old. Her father, Otto Frank, was the only survivor of the entire family. Shortly after her death, Anne’s diary was discovered and turned over to her father.

After reading his daughter’s words, Otto Frank chose to publish the diary although not in its entirety out of respect for her privacy.

The book was first published in Dutch and then in English as The Diary of a Young Girl.

Mural of Anne Frank in Berlin, Germany

If you are keen to begin, we present you a basic guide to get started: As a journal or a diary can be a rather private, we may not feel comfortable sharing very private details about ourselves to family or even friends. So if you are planning on starting a journal, try to make sure you have a way of protecting your privacy. In this day and age, journals are no longer confined to physical means.

Although huge, leather-bound books have some romanticism in them, you might not want your writing to be discovered.

Here are some ways to ensure the privacy of your entries: 1. Set up a secret email address. Write your entries and send them to yourself.

2. Store your entries online, in a drop box- like service associated to an email account that you keep private.

3. You can also save your entries on a flash drive, and set a password to protect it.

Once you feel safe enough that no one would be able to read your deepest, darkest thoughts, you can begin writing.

For someone who’s not accustomed to writing about your feelings and emotions, you may experience some degree of

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People queue up to the Anne Frank House Museum on April 30, 2015. The Anne Frank House Museum is one of Amsterdam’s most popular and important museums opened in 1960.

writers’ block! But fret not, there are some ways to stimulate your creative-expression juices to get them flowing. Firstly, find a quiet environment, some place that allows you to focus on your thoughts. Sometimes, music also helps. Use candles, or breathing exercises or even meditative silence to allow your thoughts to flow. It is a good idea to make it a daily habit. Setting some time aside on a daily basis is also a good idea. While most people tend to write before bed time, you can try writing first thing in the morning. This is a good idea as it can get your brain juices flowing from the start of the day. Sometimes, people tend to feel like nothing interesting happens throughout their day but you can slowly develop the ability to be more observant – taking note of tastes, sounds and even textures of your surroundings. It is always a good idea to note the date of all your entries, it helps you keep track of

your feelings and emotions as well as note periods of silence in your thoughts. It’s a good idea to shut off your internal censor and allow your thoughts to flow freely. It’s always a good practice to be honest with your own thoughts and do not go back to old entries to edit your writing. This is because you want to be able to read it again in the future and discover just how much your thoughts have changed or grown towards a particular subject or issue.

DISCUSSION In your opinion, why did Otto Frank publish Anne’s diary? Read the published diary, visit relevant websites and also conduct more research to arrive at a conclusion. Discuss this with your classmates or other fans of the book.

SE

CASE STUDY SCIENCE

OCT 2016

â&#x20AC;&#x153;

Contributed By: Suraiza Samsudin Department of Science & Engineering Centre for Foundation Studies (Kampar Campus)

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I

f you are sending a message through mobile phone, email or even if you are calling someone right now, I think you will be surprised to know that you are actually applying cryptography.

Cryptography is one of the fields in mathematics that is extensively applied in all matters that require information security.

This security method is considered to be a basic protection in place to keep the information communicated secure.

Cryptography converts messages into secret codes, allowing them to be sent over untrusted media while preventing alteration or interception of the original data. In short, only the intended recipient can read the message and no one will intercept the conversation on the phone.

As people who use the phone and email to communicate every day, the interception of telecommunication has become a major problem to the world.

There are some organisations that will attempt to obtain military, political and economic information through illegal means.

Therefore, cryptographers gather ideas to protect information from leaking by creating algorithms that will encrypt the signals that are transmitted by the senders. Meanwhile,

engineers have invented cryptographic chips that are used in communication devices to perform the encryption and the subsequent decryption of data.

To ensure communication remains secure, the new era of technology in cryptography focuses on four goals:

•

Secrecy This is to ensure that only the intended recipient will receive the information

•

Reliability This is to ensure that the originality of the information cannot be questioned

•

Non-repudiation Ensures that both sender and receiver cannot deny the information at a later stage

•

Verification The identity of sender and recipient (destination) can be confirmed by both sender and recipient

Although cryptography is widely applied in modern telecommunication, it is actually an ancient scientific tool which dates back to ancient times. This word “cryptography” itself is derived from the Greek word, kryptos

which means hidden. Sparta, a province in ancient Greece used a form of encryption called transposition cipher, where the letters in a document were jumbled up. In the fifth century BC, they developed a system called Skytale, which was slightly more complex at that time.

However, it is known that encryption actually started back in ancient Egypt.

Back in 2000BC, Egyptians used complex pictograms that contained hidden meanings.

These complex pictograms were neither apparent nor decipherable to the common person as only the intended recipients would have the common secret key.

In addition, it was during Julius Caesar’s rule from 100BC to 44BC that encryption was used for military purposes. Caesar sent encrypted messages to his troops using a system where each character of the message was replaced by a character three positions ahead in the Roman alphabet. This was done

to protect the information from falling to the hands of their enemies.

Nowadays, mathematicians and scientists work together to encrypt and decrypt information as it would be a crucial factor of success whether in business or war.

Governments also use encryption to increase the security of any information related to the affairs of the country. Government secrets that fall into wrong hands can act as a threat to the entire nation, thus jeopardising its sovereignty. SE

For better understanding about cryptography, let us illustrate this simple example. If you wish to say ‘I LOVE YOU’ without allowing others to interpret your message, you can replace the alphabets with numbers. For example, assign each alphabet with a corresponding number. This will be the common key shared by the sender and receiver.

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

Break the message into groups of three letters to become ‘ILO VEY OU’. Then translate into numbers to become ‘91215 22525 1521’. This number is sent to the receiver and he will decrypt the message into alphabets using the common key. If the common key is complicated and coupled with technology, then the encryption and decryption process will be more challenging.

DISCUSSION 1. What are some basic methods that are used to attack encryption?

Elaborate on these methods and discuss to list down possible solutions.

2. Define and describe Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) that are commonly used by Microsoft and Oracle. a) Explain the encryption hierarchy for TDE encryption. b) What are some of the restrictions when using TDE?

CASE STUDY GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES

OCT 2016

AROUN

D THE

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WORLD

D

ifferent cultures in various parts of the world have their own traditions. Traditions are unique and form a distinct identify of the different cultures around the world. In some parts of the world however, animals play an integral role in festivals and cultural events.

One of the more famous traditions that come to mind is the corrida de toros or bullfighting which is a traditional spectacle in many parts of the world, particularly in Spain and Portugal, as well as some parts in Southern France and other Latin American countries. This tradition can be traced back to 711 AD in Spain and has been popular since ancient Roman times.

Once a sport for aristocrats, it was passed down to the public after King Felipe V banned the participation of aristocrats in this sport, believing it to be a bad example for the public. In a bullfight, a bull is led into the ring and then the top bullfighter known as the Matador watches as his chief assistant waves a cape at the bull, causing it to charge at the Matador. A trumpet is sounded serving as a

cue for several fighters known as Picadores to insert spears into the bull so that it is weakened. A second trumpet is then sounded, and the Matador removes his hat and dedicates the death of the bull to the crowd.

The dance of death commences in which there are one of two outcomes â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the death of the bull or the Matador himself.

This celebration as its name suggests, is a harvest festival held annually on the first day of December in South Africa. It is a day of prayer where the Zulu people give thanks to

their ancestors and creator. The people also present their yearly harvests to the king at the Royal Palace in Nongoma. During this festival, Zulu warriors as young as 14 undergo a rite of passage ceremony by killing a bull with their bare hands. This task serves as a testament of their courage and virility. According to tradition, the beastâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s strength will be transferred to the warriors when it dies, which will then be transferred to the Zulu king.

This festival takes place every year in the Faroe Islands from the time it first began which dates back to the time of the first Norse settlements.

Here are opinions from observers and participants on some of the traditions ‘Utmost concentration is needed to know when the right moment has come. You are an artist, but unlike a painter or a writer, you only have one chance.’

‘A torero (bullfighter) never thinks about his own death.’

- Eduardo Dávila Miura, 33-year-old Spanish bullfighter (on bullfighting) ‘While I respect culture, this bull-killing ritual causes extreme suffering to an innocent creature and has no place in the modern world.

Tradition is not an excuse for cruelty, and many societies have ended or are working to end ‘traditional’ practices—such as slavery, cannibalism, infanticide, female circumcision, foot-binding, bullfighting, and fox hunting—that cause animals or humans to suffer.’

- Indian humanitarian, journalist, government minister, and advocate for animals Maneka Gandhi on behalf of PETA Asia to South African President Jacob Zuma (on Ukweshama) “Hunters are a minority who like to make animals suffer in the name of ‘sport’. They don’t represent the countryside.”

- Tom Quinn, League Against Cruel Sports (on foxhunting) “When you talk to these people it becomes apparent that they don’t know very much about life here in the North. They see our islands only in the summer when everything is green and beautiful, but they have never been here in the stormy, cold winter.”

- Ólavur Sjúrðarberg, the chair of Grindamannafelagið, a Faroese whaling association (on Grindadrap)

tend to differ based on perspective. In this case study, we look at how culture and certain tradition can lead to the questionable treatment of animals. Divide into two groups and list down arguments for and against these statements.

• In this festival, which falls during the summer, hundreds of pilot whales are slaughtered.

Entire pods of pilot whales are surrounded by boats and forced onto shore. The whales are then killed. The Islanders have for long relied on whale blubber, using it as medicine. Whale meat is also consumed and is a staple in their diet. Other parts of the whale, such as its skin have been used to make ropes and lines while their stomachs are used as fishing floats.

Foxhunting is a traditional equestrian sport that is quite a norm in many countries for hundreds of years. There are several forms of foxhunting, and these variants can be traced back to ancient Egypt and many countries that are influenced by Greek and Roman cultures.

Foxes are regarded as vermin as they harm and attack farm animals. Loss of livestock and prized fur led to the mass participation of farmers in 62

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this event that it soon became a sport—and was soon recognised as an effective way of managing the fox population. Farmers have traditionally kept their numbers in check using foxhunting as a method of pest control.

Discussion Opinions tend to differ from one quarter to another in almost every matter. They naturally

•

•

All traditions should be banned if there is evidence of cruelty towards animals Culture and tradition should be preserved regardless of its impact on society and the environment.

As a member of parliament in any of these countries, would you vote in agreement for a law that prohibits the continuation of these traditions or sports?

State your opinion and the reasons behind it. SE

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Accredited by:

Counselling & Admissions: VSQ @ PJ City Centre, Block 2, Unit 13A-01, Jalan Utara, Section 14, 46200 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.

General Line: +603 - 7954 1909 / +603 - 7932 1936 Fax: +603 - 7932 1028 E: enquiries@iact.edu.my

www.iact.edu.my

/iactcollege