Visión Organismos Multilaterales

XV Cumbre reguladores y operadores AHCIET

La plataforma de Conectividad de las Américas Matteo Grazzi Economista División de Competitividad, Tecnología e Innovación Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) Bogotá, 13 de Junio 2012

Dependiendo del tipo de servicios, los requisitos en términos de velocidad y tecnología difieren • Broadband provides internet connectivity at high speeds.

Understanding broadband speed requirements for the “Home of the future”: 2

Mobile BB

IP Telephony

Video Telephony Network Storage Video Conference

Online games

*Broadband: Minimum of 0.2 Mbps to 100 Mbps

7

El uso y la demanda para todo tipo de servicios en línea se espera que sigan creciendo en América Latina : Internet Traffic by service in Latin America Forecast 2010-2015 25.000

21.380

peer-to-peer file sharing: ∆ 445%

20.000

e-mail

Traffic (PB)

Video communications Instants messaging

15.000

SD video HD video Video to TV

10.000

Web browsing and data Peer-to-peer filesharing 5.000

Online storage

4.802

0

2010

2011

2012

2013

Source: Own elaboration, based on Informa Telecom & Media (2010)

2014

2015

La naturaleza del problema depende de las condiciones sociodemográficas y geográficas, que afectan el rendimiento financiero de las inversiones 1 Households % Hogares

PRIVATE: • Urban dense areas of high density • Usually exists more than one infrastructure • The main problems are related to the regulatory framework and competition • Profitability is feasible: market dynamics

100%

3

2

90%

2

80%

Sin banda ancha

1 70%

60% hog./ mun. >>5.000 25,000 hh./mun.

50% hog./hh./mun. mun. >>2.500 10,000

40% 0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

hog./hh./mun. mun. >>150 2,500

50%

60%

70%

Zona de muy baja penetración en BA

Source: García Zaballos, A (GSM)

80%

90% 100%

% Municipios Municipalities

3

PUBLIC/PRIVATE: • Urban-rural areas with medium density • Mobile infrastructure is the best technological option for voice and data services. PPPs needed • There are regulatory and infrastructure problems. Public intervention may accelerate broadband development.

• Profitability could be feasible PUBLIC: • Rural areas where specific intervention to guarantee Service / Universal Access is needed and incentives are required • The main problem is the lack of infrastructures • Profitability is not feasible: market failure

Household Broadband Penetration

La experiencia demuestra que la tipología de intervención pública depende de las condiciones específicas que enfrenta cada país

High Significant role of government in rollout of core and access infrastructure, either through own and / or mandating incumbent and regulatory / policy changes to increase penetration Investment model: Ownership / PPP

Med-High

Growth in broadband adoption is primarily driven by market forces. Major investments are from private sector with the role of government typically limited to providing financial incentives Investment model: PPP / Financial Incentives

Med

Level of government intervention increases to enable service development to stimulate demand and ensure BB availability to all services at affordable prices Investment model: PPP / Financial incentives

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3

Network Deployment

Ecosystem Development

Universal Access and Welfare

• Deploy backbone network infrastructure

• Deploy high speed infrastructure in high economic • Stimulate further adoption through areas

• Initiate policy enablers such as • Deploy access network to increase coverage in infrastructure sharing to increase competition

the low demand areas (financial incentive)

• In addition, develop services and applications to drive usage / demand

Source: Analysys Mason

Level of strategic regulatory / policy Intervention

development of public services targeted towards mass market and utility services • Ensure coverage of un-served / underserved areas

Teniendo en cuenta la diversidad de la región, América Latina se enfrenta a diferentes desafíos que requieren respuestas distintas

Household Broadband Penetration

Source: Analysys Mason

High

Med-High

Level of strategic regulatory / policy Intervention

Med

•

•

Phase 1

Phase 2

Network Deployment Deploy backbone network infrastructure Initiate policy enablers such as infrastructure sharing to increase competition

Ecosystem Development

• Deploy high speed infrastructure in high economic

• •

areas Deploy access network to increase coverage in the low demand areas (financial incentive) In addition, develop services and applications to drive usage / demand

Phase 3 Universal Access and Welfare

• Stimulate further adoption through •

development of public services targeted towards mass market and utility services Ensure coverage of un-served / underserved areas

Países de todo el mundo han enfrentado este reto embarcándose en ambiciosos planes de expansión de banda ancha Ireland Canada Under the National CAD225 million to Broadband Scheme the develop and government is contributing implement a EUR79.8 million towards an broadband investment programme of coverage strategy c.EUR223M for under-served communities

UK By 2012 intends to have a universal service broadband commitment of 2Mbit/s

Spain Broadband added to universal service requirement, 100% basic broadband coverage targeted by 2013 and extensive penetration of ultra-fast broadband by 2020

Develop Universal Plan

Thailand Developing a National Broadband

Republic of Korea KRW1.3 trillion to be invested to increase speeds from 100Mbits to 1Gbits by 2012 Japan Targeting over 100Mbit/s for mobile and 1Gbit/s for fixed by 2015

USA USD7.2 billion set aside to expand broadband access to un-served and under-served communities Portugal Public tenders issued to deliver broadband across the country at a minimum speed of 40Mbit/s

Finland 100Mbit/s to be available to nearly all Finns by the end of 2015

Increase speed Increase coverage

France USD2.88 billion to encourage service provider network investments in smaller cities and rural areas

Singapore The Next Generation National Broadband Network will deliver 1Gbit/s to 95% by mid- Malaysia 2012 The National Germany Broadband Initiative By 2014, 75% of all plus high-speed regions to have access broadband to 50Mbit/s Internet via deployment to fibre, cable or wireless increase penetration connections rate to 50%

Brunei Currently developing a Broadband Strategic Plan Australia 90% of homes, schools and workplaces will receive 100Mbit/s broadband under National Broadband Network plans

7

Sources: Government websites

Las dimensiones de la Banda Ancha en Am茅rica Latina Hecho 1:

Baja penetraci贸n

Hecho 2:

Altos precios

Hecho 3:

Bajo uso

1:Baja penetraci贸n

HeterogĂŠnea entre paĂ­ses

Y desigual dentro de cada paĂ­s

En conclusión:

Go Back

 Los países latinoamericanos tienen una penetración mucho menor de las TIC que los países de la OCDE  Existen diferentes condiciones socio-demográficas y económicas a tener en cuenta  La penetración móvil del 100% existe, como es la norma ahora casi todo el mundo, pero casi todos los teléfonos son de banda estrecha y no smartphones  Hay una brecha entre la tasa de penetración móvil y la penetración de banda ancha móvil (oportunidad de crecimiento)

Hecho 2: Conexiones de baja velocidad a precios inaccesibles Average speed offered (Mbps) Media OCDE Chile Jamaica Brasil Trinidad y Tobago Argentina Colombia México Panamá Rep. Dominicana Costa Rica Perú Ecuador Paraguay Uruguay Venezuela Honduras El Salvador Nicaragua Bolivia Guatemala Surinam Belice Guyana Latin-America Average

Broadband prices - Average plans (U$ PPP/month) 17,00

6,77 6,29 5,50 5,14 4,54 3,96 3,00 3,00 2,25 1,81 1,70 1,52 1,43 1,41 1,24 1,00 0,98 0,94 0,85 0,68 0,63 0,58 0,38 2.32

Source: Galperin and Ruzzier (2010, 2011)

Bolivia Belice Surinam Rep. Dominicana Guyana Ecuador Perú Honduras Nicaragua Panamá Paraguay Argentina Brasil Costa Rica Colombia Guatemala El Salvador Venezuela Trinidad y Tobago Chile México Media OCDE Jamaica Uruguay

326,78 263,82 220,07 176,83 172,24 134,57 129,68 129,06 119,53 118,95 100,75 86,49 84,56 84,09 78,96 73,78 73,18 73,07 68,10 59,22 51,65 50,00 40,96 39,29 117

Broadband prices - Average plans as a % of income per capita (U$ PPP/month) OECD: 2% of monthly income LAC: 18% of monthly income

Go Back Average price per Mbps (U$ PPP/Mbps) Belice Bolivia Guyana Surinam Nicaragua Venezuela Honduras Guatemala El Salvador Perú Rep. Dominicana Ecuador Paraguay Costa Rica Uruguay Panamá Argentina Brasil Colombia Trinidad y Tobago México Chile Jamaica Media OCDE

489 436 435 358 186 143 142 130 109 105 105 104 83 54 46 38 33 32 30 23 OECD countries 22 pay, on average, 18 only 6% of LAC 12 prices per Mbps.

8

136 Source: GNI Per capita PPP year – World Bank data Catalogue (2010 )

13

Hecho 3:Bajo uso por parte de todos los actores Usage Subindex LAC & OECD, 2012 6,00 5,00

Government; 3,30 Business; 3,28

4,00

Individual; 2,62

Individual; 5,35 Business; 4,92 Government; 4,59

3,00 2,00

1,00 0,00

Individual

Business

Government

The usage subindex measures Information and Communication Technology (ICT) penetration and diffusion among the main social agents. The compounded subindex assesses individual efforts to increase their capacity to use ICT, as well as their actual use in their day-to-day activities with other agents.

Source: Own elaboration, based on WEF, 2012

Estas dimensiones representan los mayores desafíos para que la región y sus habitantes se beneficien de la banda ancha: Hecho 1: Desafio 1: Acceso

Baja penetración Acceso universal Y también….

Servicios universales Hecho 2:

Altos precios

Desafio 2: Adopcion

Precios accesibles

Hecho 3: Desafio 3: Uso

Bajo uso Falta de alfabetizacion digital Falta de contenidos locales

La región ha reconocido la necesidad de promover la penetración de banda ancha y ha solicitado el apoyo del BID Recent Regional Political Acknowledgement and Agreements: • VI Summit of the Americas: “To foster increased connection of telecommunication networks in general, including fiber optic and broadband, among the region’s countries, as well as international connections, to improve connectivity, increase the dynamism of communications between the nations of the Americas…” (Cartagena, 2012) • The 12 members of the Union of South American Countries (UNASUR) agreed to address the region’s gap in broadband penetration (Brazil, 2011).

• Caribbean Ministers of Telecommunications requested an assessment of countries’ broadband infrastructure and regulatory frameworks and training on the importance of broadband. (2011) …among others…

Una forma nueva y mรกs eficiente de hacer lo que el Banco ya estรก haciendo: E-Learning

Faster insertion into the Global Economy

Social

Integration Modern integration strategies

Continuous teacher training

Telemedicine

Access to information and resources at low cost

Better communication & coordination

Broadband as an enabler for INNOVATION

More Efficient & Responsive

Integrated urban development

Infrastructure & Environment Efficient and transparent utilities

Institutions Modern Disaster Risk Management

Improved service delivery

Easier provision of regional public goods

Mobile banking, transfers & remittances

New business models

More Transparent & Participatory

Un enfoque integral es necesario para aumentar el acceso, la adopción y el uso de servicios de banda ancha en la región: 1

Políticas Públicas y visión estratégica Development of broadband plans and broadband strategies for digitalization

Demand & Supply side

2

3 Regulación

Support efforts to update the regulatory frameworks to reduce the prices and evolve towards universality of Broadband

Supply side

4 Infraestructura

Increase the penetration of services and applications thorough PPP and public investments

Supply & Demand side

Construcción de capacidades

Development of innovative services and applications and through capacity building of the public and the private sector

Demand side

El Banco ya está apoyando a los países y desarrollando trabajo analítico 1 Technical cooperation projects to:

2

3

Public Regulation InfraPolicies structure

4 Capacity building

ONGOING / ACTIVE: Develop Broadband Plans for Central America Develop National Plan of Connectivity in Haiti Support in the development of the Broadband strategy for the Government of Honduras Wireless networks and services for social inclusion in the Municipality of Guacarí in Colombia Broadband network for Yucatan IN-DESIGN / PIPELINE: Development of a Regional Public Good in the Caribbean Development of demonstration projects in Peru, Jamaica, Costa Rica and Paraguay Support to UNASUR in the development of an optical fiber ring for the 13 countries. Prefeasibility studies Knowledge products and ESWs - Ongoing Cross-cutting work: • Development of a broadband index and a balance scorecard for the 26 countries • Econometric model to show the impact that broadband has on economic growth and productivity.

• Development of broadband maps to open the dialogue on PPPs *TO DO: • Review the regulatory framework on spectrum management to launch “white spaces” • Study on funding / investment schemes for broadband deployment in the region

*IFD is grateful to the Korean and Spanish Governments for their support and vision

El BID ha fortalecido sus vínculos con el sector privado: PPPs are an essential element in this effort: Therefore, in coordination with more than 25 representatives from the telecommunications industry worldwide, the Bank produced an action-oriented report stating the industry’s common position on how to accelerate broadband penetration in the LAC Region.

Como puede el BID apoyar a América Latina en este desafío?

El papel del BID:  Continuar apoyando acciones específicas de acuerdo a su mandato de seguir haciendo lo que hacemos, pero hacerlo mejor  Aprovechar el conocimiento disponible y la experiencia en sectores críticos para el desarrollo.  Usar sus capacidades para seguir un enfoque integral para la expansión de la banda ancha en la región (4 pilares)  Mantener alianzas estratégicas con otros organismos multilaterales y el sector privado Instrumentos disponibles:  Conjunto de instrumentos diversos para apoyar a los países: préstamos, cooperaciones técnicas no reembolsables, asesoría técnica, productos de conocimientos.

Para informaciones

Antonio Garcia Zaballos

antoniogar@iadb.org

Matteo Grazzi

matteog@iadb.org