Muhaz vol i issue 2 by D & T Law Office in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

ገፅ 6

ቅፅ 1 ቁጥር 2

ጥር 2004

ሙሐዝ

ገፅ 12 ገፅ 8

“ለዚህች አገር ልማትና ድህነት ቅነሳ ከፍተኛ አስተዋፅኦ አድርገናል”

ፓክት ኢትዮጵያ የሲቪል -

ማህበራትን የመገንባት ሚና

በውስጥ ገፅ

ቅንነት የወለደው በጎ ተግባር

የ‹‹በጎ አድራጎት ድርጅቶችና ማኅበራት የዓላማ ማስፈጸሚያና አስተዳደራዊ ወጪዎች መወሰኛ መመሪያ›› ሊሻሻል ይገባዋል ስለ ‹‹ወርልድ ሶሻል ፎረም›› አንዳንድ ሃሳቦች 16

‹መቀጨጭ› (stunting) ምንድነው?

ድርጅትዎን እንዴት የገመግሙታል? ፣ |1

ቅፅ 1 ቁጥር 2

ጥር 2004

ሙሐዝ

አስተያየት

መ

ፅሔቱ ጥሩ ነው፡ ፡ ምክንያቱም የሲቪል ማህበረሰቡን ጉዳይ ጉዳዬ ብሎና ባለድርሻ ሆኖ የሚያወጣ የመገናኛ ብዙሃን አካል በመሆኑ መጀመሩ ጥሩ ነው፡፡ ከዚያ በተጨማሪ ለወደፊቱ ሴክተሩ የሠራቸው ጥሩ ጥሩ ሥራዎች ምንድን ናቸው? በሚል ሲቪል ማህበረሰቡ በተለያየ ዘርፍ ለምሳሌ በትምህርት፤ በጤና፤ በውሃና በመሳሰሉት የሠራቸውን ክፍተት የመሙላት ሥራዎች ብታስተዋውቁ ጥሩ ነው፡፡ ሁለተኛ መፅሔቱን ሚዛናዊ ለማድረግ የሲቪል ማህበረሰቡን ግዴታዎች ከማሳወቅ ባሻገር አሉብን የሚሏቸውን ችግሮች ለመፍታትና ለማስወገድ ጉዳዩችን ከሚመለከተው አካል ጋር ብትነጋገሩ የበለጠ የእነሱንም አመለካከት ማወቅ ይቻላል፡፡ የመገናኛ የመወያያና የመፍትሔ የማምጫ መድረኮች የሉም፡፡ ስለዚህ መፅሔቱን እንዲህ ዓይነት ድልድይ ሆኖ እንዲሰራ ቢደረግ መልካም ነው፡ ፡ መፅሔቱ በየክልሉ እንዲዳረስ ማድረግ ቢቻል ትልቅ አስተዋፅኦ ይኖረዋል፡፡

እ

ንደተረዳሁት ሙሐዝ መፅሔት በሲቪል ማህበረሰብ ተቋማት ዙሪያ የሚያጠነጥን ነው፡፡ እንደተመለከትኩት ጥሩ ሀሳቦችን ይዟል፡፡ የመጀመሪያ ሥራ ከመሆኑ አንጻር ሊስተካከሉና ሊሻሻሉ የሚገቡ የተወሰኑ ጉዳዮች አሉ፡፡ በሌላ መልኩ ደግሞ መፅሔቱ የሲቪል ማህበረሰቡን ሀሳብ ብቻ ሳይሆን የመንግስት አካላትንም ሀሳብ ቢያካትት ጥሩ ይሆናል፡፡ ሲቪል ማህበረሰብ ተቋማትን አስመልክቶ የተለያዩ ውይይቶችን ቢፈጥር በተለይ የተለያዩ ምሁራንን በማሳተፍ ስለ ሲቪል ማህበተሰቡ ተቋማት ሰፋ ያለ ምሁራዊ ሀሳብ እንዲያቀርቡ ቢሞከር ጥሩ ነው የሚል ሀሳብ አለኝ፡፡ በተጨማሪም የተለያዩ ተገልጋዮች (Beneficiaries) በሲቪል ማህበረሰቡ ክንውን እንዲሁም አሠራር፤ ሌሎችም ጉዳዩች ላይ ምን አመለካከትና ሀሳብ እንዳላቸው ማካተት ቢቻል በጣም ጥሩ ይሆናል ብዬ አስባለሁ፡፡ በተረፈ ከመጀመሪያ ሥራነቱ አኳያ ሲታይ ጥሩ ነው የሚል አስተያየት አለኝ፡፡ ወ/ሮ ሳባ ገ/መድኅን (የኢትዮጵያ ሴቶች ማህበራት ቅንጅት ዳይሬክተር)

አቶ እሸቱ በቀለ የፖቨርቲ አክሽን ኔትወርክ ኢን ኢትዮጵያ ኤክሲኪቲዩቭ ዳይሬክተር

ማኔጅንግ ኤዲተር ዮሐንስ ዓለሙ ስልክ 0911 88 00 17 E-mail yohannalm@yahoo.com

ዋና አዘጋጅ ዘላለም ወዳጅ አቃቂ ቃሊቲ ከፍለ ከተማ ወረዳ 1 የቤት ቁጥር 588 ስልክ 0911 38 28 75

ማስታወቂያና ሸያጭ እንደሻው ኃይለገብርኤል ስልክ 0911 22 8115

ኮምፒዩተር ፅሁፍ ራህመት አብደላ

በአሚከስ ሚዲያ ፕሮሞሸንና ኮሙኒኬሽን አሣታሚ አቃቂ ቃሊቲ ክፍለ ከተማ ወረዳ 2 ቀበሌ 01/03 የቤት ቁጥር 826 ስልክ 011552 67 69/0911228115 ፖስታ 121525 አታሚ ለዋ ማተሚያ ቤት

ማስታወሻ

የ‹‹በጎ አድራጎት ድርጅቶችና ማኅበራት የዓላማ ማስፈጸሚያና አስተዳደራዊ ወጪዎች መወሰኛ መመሪያ›› ሊሻሻል ይገባዋል

የ

በጎ አድራጎት ድርጅቶችና ማኅበራት ኤጀንሲ ከተሰጡት ሥልጣኖች ውስጥ የበጎ አድራጎት ድርጅቶችና ማኅበራት አዋጅንና በሚኒስትሮች ምክር ቤት የወጣውን ደንብ ለማስፈጸም የሚረዱ መመሪያዎችን ማውጣት ነው፡፡ በዚህም መሠረት ኤጀንሲው ከተቋቋመበት ጊዜ አንስቶ አዋጁንና ደንቡን በተግባር ለማዋል የሚረዱ የተለያዩ መመሪያዎችን፣ ሞዴሎችንና ፎርሞችን በማውጣት ላይ ይገኛል፡፡ እነዚህ ሰነዶች የኤጀንሲውን ሥራ የተቀላጠፈ ከማድረጋቸውም በላይ የበጎ አድራጎት ድርጅቶችና ማኅበራትም የሚፈለግባቸውን ግዴታና ያሏቸውን መብቶች በቀላሉ እንዲረዱ አጋዥ እንደሚሆኑ እናስባለን፡፡ ኤጀንሲው ካወጣቸው መመሪያዎች መካከል በሐምሌ ወር 2003 ዓ.ም ደንብ ቁጥር ሁለት ተብሎ የሚጠቀሰው የ‹‹በጎ አድራጎት ድርጅቶችና ማኅበራት የዓላማ ማስፈጸሚያና አስተዳደራዊ ወጪዎች መወሰኛ መመሪያ›› ይገኝበታል፡፡ ይህ መመሪያ ሊበረታቱ የሚገባቸው ጠንካራ ጎኖችና በሂደትና በአስቸኳይ ሊስተካከሉ የሚገባቸው ችግሮች እንዳሉበት በቅፅ 1 ቁጥር 1 ዕትማችን ባቀረብነው አንድ ጽሁፍ ተጠቁሟል፡፡ ይህንን ጉዳይ አስመልክቶም ከተለያዩ ወገኖች አስተያየቶች ደርሰውናል፡፡

ቅፅ 1 ቁጥር 2

የአዘጋጁ

ጥር 2004

ሙሐዝ

በቅድሚያ እኛም የዚህን መመሪያ አስፈላጊነት አጽንዖት የምንሰጥበት ጉዳይ ሲሆን፣ የመመሪያው መውጣት በርካታ ጠቀሜታዎች እንዳሉት እንገነዘባለን፡፡ መመሪያው ላይ የሚነሱት ችግሮች እንደተጠበቁ ሆነው ይህ መመሪያ በአስተዳደራዊና በዓላማ ማስፈጸሚያ ወጪዎች መካከል ያለውን ልዩነት በማብራራት በኤጀንሲውና በበጎ አድራጎት ድርጅቶችና ማኅበራት መካከል የነበረውን የአረዳድ ችግር በመጠኑም ቢሆን ለመቅረፍ ያግዛል የሚል እምነት አለን፡፡ እንዲሁም ድርጅቶቹና ማኅበራቱ የሚያገኙትን ገንዘብ በምን መልኩ መጠቀም እንዳለባቸው ለመግለጽ ይሞክራል፡፡ ይሁን እንጂ ከመመሪያው ጋር ተያይዞ በርካታ ችግሮች መነሣታቸው አልቀረም፡፡ ከችግሮቹ መካከል የተወሰኑት ከመመሪያው አወጣጥ ሂደት ጋር የተያያዙ ሲሆን አብዛኛዎቹ ግን ከይዘት ጋር በተያያዘ የሚነሱ ናቸው፡፡

...በኤጀንሲውና በበጎ

አድራጎት ድርጅቶችና ማኅበራት መካከል ሊኖር የሚገባውን አጋርነት በማጠናከር እነዚህ ተቋማት በአገራችን እየተካሄደ ባለው የልማትና የመልካም አስተዳደር ግንባታ ውስጥ የሚኖራቸውን ሚና ያጎለብታል የሚል ዕምነት አለን...

ሂደቱን አስመልክቶ ከሚነሱት ቅሬታዎች ውስጥ አንዱ መመሪያው የሕግ አካል እንደመሆኑ መጠን እንደማንኛውም በአገራችን የሚወጡ ሕጎች ቢያንስ የጉዳዩ ዋንኛ ባለቤቶች የሆኑትን ባለድርሻ አካላት በአወጣጡ ሂደት ኤጀንሲው ሊያሳትፍ ይገባው ነበር የሚል ነው፡፡ ኤጀንሲው መመሪያውን አውጥቶ የግንዛቤ ማስጨበጫ መድረኮችን ከመፍጠር ውጪ በመመሪያው ረቂቅ ላይ የበጎ አድራጎት ድርጅቶችንና ማኅበራትን አወያይቶ የሚያነሱትን ሃሳብ በግብዓትነት በማካተት ያወጣው መመሪያ ያለመሆኑን ብዙዎች እንደዋንኛ የችግር ምንጭ ይጠቅሱታል፡፡ በእርግጥ እንዲህ ዓይነት በበጎ አድራጎት ድርጅቶችና ማኅበራት ሥራ ላይ ተጽእኖ ያላቸው መመሪያዎች ሲወጡ ጉዳዩ የሚመለከታቸው አካላት እንዲሳተፉበት ማድረጉ የአሳታፊነት ዲሞክራሲያዊ ባህላችንን ከማጠናከሩም በላይ የውይይትና የመግባባት መንፈስ ያዳብራል፡፡ በኤጀንሲውና በበጎ አድራጎት ድርጅቶችና ማኅበራት መካከል ሊኖር የሚገባውን አጋርነት በማጠናከር እነዚህ ተቋማት በአገራችን እየተካሄደ ባለው የልማትና የመልካም አስተዳደር ግንባታ ውስጥ የሚኖራቸውን ሚና ያጎለብታል የሚል ዕምነት አለን፡፡

ይዘትን አስመልክቶ በመመሪያው ላይ የሚነሳው ትልቁ ቅሬታ መመሪያው በሕብረቶች ላይ ያለው አንድምታ ነው፡፡ ይህ መመሪያ ህብረቶች ለአባላቶቻቸው ገንዘብ ከማስተላለፍ በቀር የሚተገብሩት ፕሮጀክት እንደሌላቸው አድርጎ ያስቀምጣል፡፡ በዚህም የተነሣ የሕብረቶች ገቢ ከአባላቶቻቸው አስተዳደራዊ ወጪ ላይ የሚሰበስቡት ገንዘብ ብቻ እንደሆነ መመሪያው ይደነግጋል፡፡ ይህ ሁኔታ ሕብረቶች ለአባላቶቻቸው ገንዘብ ከማስተላለፍ በላይ የአባላቶቻቸውን አቅም በመገንባትና ሥራዎቻቸውን በማስተባበር ረገድ የሚጫወቱትን ሚና በእጅጉ የሚፈታተን በመሆኑ ህልውናቸውንም አጠያያቂ ያደርገዋል፡፡ ከዚህ በተጨማሪ ለክትትልና ግምገማ፤ ለምክር (consultancy)፤ የሥልጠና ጉዞ አበል፣ ለፕሮጀክት ሥራ የሚገዙ ተሸከርካሪዎች እና የመሣሠሉትን በአስተዳደራዊ ወጪ ሥር እንዲመደቡ መደረጉ ሌላው ከፍተኛው ስጋት ነው፡፡ እነዚህንና መሰል ችግሮችን ለመፍታት መመሪያውን በተመለከተ ከባለድርሻ አካላት ጋር በመወያየት በአሳታፊ ሂደት ማሻሻሉ ለሁሉም ወገኖች አጅግ ጠቃሚ ነው፡፡ በመመሪያው ላይ የሚነሱ ችግሮችን አስመልክቶ ኤጀንሲው ከተቋማቱ ጋር ባደረጋቸው የተለያዩ ውይይቶች በቂ መረጃዎች ሊኖሩት እንደሚችሉ እንገነዘባለን፡፡ እነዚህን መረጃዎችና ከተቋማቱ ጋር በተለይም ከሕብረቶች ጋር በጥናት ላይ የተመሠረቱ ውይይቶችን በማድረግ መመሪያው እንደገና ሊፈተሽ እና ሊስተካከሉ የሚገባቸው ነገሮች ታይተው ሊሻሻል ይገባዋል እንላለን፡፡ መልካም ንባብ!!

ቅፅ 1 ቁጥር 2

ጥር 2004

ሙሐዝ

ስለ

ፊቸር

‹‹ወርልድ ሶሻል ፎረም››

ለወርልድ ሶሻል ፎረም አመጣጥ አስተዋጽኦ ያደረጉ ጉዳዮች ‹‹ወርልድ ሶሻል ፎረም›› (የዓለም ማህበራዊ መድረክ) ፅንሰ-ሃሳብ አነሳስ በደቡብ አሜሪካ የማህበራዊ ፍትህ ተሟጋቾች ከተቋቋሙት የጋራ መድረኮች (encuentro) ጋር ይያያዛል፡፡ እ.ኤ.አ. በ1966 ዓ.ም. የተካሄደው የመጀመሪያው የሰብአዊነት እና ፀረ-ኒዮ ሊበራሊዝም ተሟጋቾች የጋራ መድረክ ተሳታፊ ከነበሩት ውስጥ ጥቂቶቹ ሃሳቡን በማስፋት ሁሉም የጥቂቶችን የበላይነት የሚያራምድ ግሎባላይዜሽንና ኒዮ ሊበራሊዝምን የሚታገሉ ተሟጋቾችን ያካተተ ዓለም አቀፋዊ መድረክ ለመፍጠር ወሰኑ፡፡ ለዚህ ንቅናቄ አመጣጥ ሁነኛ አስተዋፆ ያደረገው ሌላው ታሳቢ ደግሞ በተለምዶ ‹‹ዘ ባትል ኦፍ ሲያትል›› (የሲያትል ውጊያ) በሚል የሚታወቀው እና እ.ኤ.አ. በኖቬምበር 1999 ዓ.ም. የግሎባላይዜሽን ተቃዋሚዎች በጊዜው በመካሄድ ላይ የነበረውን የዓለም የንግድ ድርጅት ድርድር የተቃወሙበት ክስተት ነበር፡፡ ከንቅናቄው መስራቾች አንዱ (Oded Grajew) ለዚህ ዓለም አቀፍ ንቅናቄ መነሳሳት ምክንያት የሆኑትን ጉዳዮች ሲያስታውስ፤ ‹‹እንደ ‹ወርልድ የኢኮኖሚ ፎረም› ሁሉ ስለዓለም ሕዝቦች የምንነጋገርበት ‹ወርልድ ሶሻል ፎረም›ን ለምን አንመሰርትም? ማህበራዊ ጉዳዮች ከኢኮኖሚያዊ ጉዳዮች የላቀ ትኩረት ስለሚሹ አማራጭ መኖሩን የምናሳይበት መድረክ ለምን አይፈጠርላቸውም? በርግጥም አማራጭ አለን፡፡›› ይላል፡፡ በመቀጠልም ‹‹ግሎባላይዜሽን ዓለምን የምንመለከትበት ብቸኛ አማራጭ አይደለም፤ ከሌላ አፃርም ዓለምን ማየት እንችላለን፡፡ ሰዎች ጉዳዩን በአጽንኦት እንዲመለከቱና ምርጫቸውን እንዲያስቀምጡም ማድረግ

ሲቪል ማኅበረሰቡ ተቋማት ተልዕኳቸውን በሚፈፅሙባቸው የተለያዩ ዘርፎች ላይ ያተኮሩ በኑሁራን የተሠሩ አማራጭ የፖሊሲ ሐሳቦች አዎንታዊ ተፅዕኖ የሚያሳርፉ ጥናቶችና የምሑራን ትንተናዎች ይቀርቡበታል፡፡

እንችላለን፡፡ የእናንተ ምርጫ የትኛው ነው? ለዓለም ያላችሁ ራዕይስ?›› እነዚህ ጥቅሶች የ‹‹ወርልድ ሶሻል ፎረም››ን አመጣጥ ለመረዳት በቂ መሰረት ይሰጣሉ፡፡ ከመነሻው የንቅናቄው መስራቾች አልመው የተነሱት እ.ኤ.አ. ከ1971 ዓ.ም. ጀምሮ የኒዮ ሊበራል አመለካከትን በዓለም ዙሪያ ለሚያራምዱ አካላት የሃሳብ መጠንሰሻ መድረክ ሆኖ እንዳገለገለ በሚታሰበው በ‹‹ወርልድ ኤኮኖሚክ ፎረም›› አንፃር የሚካሄድና የሚገዳደር ንቅናቄ ነበር፡፡ ብራዚላውያን ደርጅቶች ንቅናቄውን በመጀመርና እ.ኤ.አ. በ2001 ዓ.ም. የመጀመሪያውን ‹‹ወርልድ ሶሻል ፎረም›› በማዘጋጀት ሂደት ሁነኛ ሚና እንደተጫወቱ ይነገርላቸዋል። እንዲያውም የ2001ዱን ፎረም ያዘጋጀው ኮሚቴ የተዋቀረው በስምንት ብራዚላውያን ተቋማት ነበር፡ ‹‹Abong, Attac, CBJP, Cives, CUT, Ibase, MST and Social Network of Justice and Human Rights››። የፎረሙን ሂደት ፣ ዓለም-አቀፍ ምክር ቤቱንና ኮሚሽኖቹን የመደገፍ እና ዓመታዊ ዝግጅቶችን የማደራጀት ኃላፊነት የተሰጠው ፅ/ቤትም የተቋቋመው በሳኦ ፖሎ - ብራዚል ነበር፡፡ ከ2001 ጀምሮ የ‹‹ወርልድ ሶሻል ፎረም›› ስብሰባዎች የ‹‹ወርልድ ኢኮኖሚክ ፎረም›› በዳቮስ - ስዊዘርላንድ በሚካሄድበት ተመሳሳይ ጊዜ በየዓመቱ በጃንዋሪ ወር ይደረጋሉ፡፡ የስብሰባው ጊዜ የተመረጠው ሆን ተብሎና ለዓለም የኤኮኖሚ ችግሮች ከ‹‹ወርልድ ኢኮኖሚክ ፎረም›› በተነፃፃሪ የሚታዩ አማራጭ መፍትሄዎችን ለማቅረብና ለማራመድ ነው፡፡

የ‹‹ወርልድ ሶሻል ፎረም›› ቻርተር ይዘት የ‹‹ወርልድ ሶሻል ፎረም›› የመርሆዎች ቻርተር (Charter of Principles) በመባል

የሚታወቅና የንቅናቄውን አቅጣጫና ርዕዮተ-ዓለማዊ መሠረት የሚያስቀምጥ መተዳደሪያ ደንብ አፅድቋል፡፡ ቻርተሩ 14 አንቀፆች ሲኖሩት ‹መርህ 1› የንቅናቄውን ባህሪና ዓላማዎችን አካቷል፡ ፡ ፎረሙ ሃሳቦች በነፃነት የሚንጸባረቁበት፣ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ውይይት የሚካሄድበትና ‹‹ፀረ-ኒዮ ሊበራል አቋም ባላቸው፣ የካፒታል የበላይነትና ማንኛውን የኢምፔሪያሊዝም ዓይነት በሚቃወሙ የሲቪል ማህበረሰብ ቡድኖችና ንቅናቄዎች የመፍትሄ ሃሳቦች የሚቀርቡበት፣ ለውጤታማ ትግበራ ነፃ የልምድ ልውውጥና መስተጋብር የሚካሄድበት›› ዓለም-አቀፍ ምህዳር ተደርጎ ተቀምጧል፡፡ በ‹መርህ 2› ሥር የንቅናቄው ማዕከላዊ ሃሳብ ‹‹ሌላም ዓለም ይቻላል›› (Another World Is Possible) በሚል መገለጹ ፎረሙ

አንዳንድ ሃሳቦች

‹‹አማራጮች የሚፈለጉበትና የሚጠናቀሩበት ቋሚ ሂደት እንጂ በክስተቶች ብቻ የሚገለጽ እንዳልሆነ›› ሲጠቁም ‹መርህ 3› ደግሞ ‹‹የዚህ ሂደት አካል ሆነው የሚካሄዱ ስብሰባዎች ዓለም-አቀፍ ገፅታ›› እንዳላቸው ይገልፃል፡፡ የቻርተሩ ‹መርህ 5› የንቅናቄውን ርዕዮተ ዓለማዊ ዝንባሌ በማያሻማ ሁኔታ እንደሚከተለው ይተነትናል፤ ‹‹በፎረሙ የሚወጡ አማራጮች በትላልቅ ድንበር ዘለል የንግድ ድርጅቶች ከሚመራውና የእነዚህ ድርጅቶች ጥቅም በሚያገለግሉ መንግስታዊና ዓለም-አቀፍ ተቋማት በመንግስታት አባሪ ተባባሪነት በሚከናወነው የግሎባላይዜሽን ሂደት ተቃራኒ የሚቀመጡ ናቸው፡፡ ›› የቻርተሩ ‹መርህ 5› የተሳትፎን ጉዳይ ይመለከታል። ፎረሙ ከሁሉም አገራት የተውጣጡ ተቋማትንና ንቅናቄዎችን ከማሰባሰብና ከማገናኘት ባለፈ በዓለም ዙሪያ የሚገኙ የሲቪል ማህበረሰብ ተቋማትን የመወከል ሚና እንደሌለው በማያሻማ አገላለጽ ተቀምጧል፡፡ የቻርተሩ ‹መርህ 6› ፎረሙ በተሳታፊዎች ስም አቋም ስለሚይዝበት እና ኦፊሴላዊ መግለጫ ስለሚሰጥበት ሁኔታ ወሳኝ ድንጋጌ ይዟል፡፡ በዚህ ድንጋጌ መሠረት ‹‹ማንኛውም አካል የፎረሙን የትኛውንም ስብሰባ በመወከል በተሳታፊዎች ስም የአቋም መግለጫ ሊያወጣ ሥልጣን አይሰጠውም፡፡ የፎረሙ ተሳታፊዎች በሁላቸውም ወይም በአብላጫዎቹ ላይ ግዴታ የሚጥሉ እና የፎረሙ የጋራ አቋም ተደርገው ሊወሰዱ በሚችሉ መግለጫዎች ወይም የውሳኔ ሃሳቦች ላይ በድምፅ ብልጫም ሆነ በድጋፍ መልኩ እንደ አንድ አካል ሆነው አቋም እንዲይዙ ሊጠየቁ አይችሉም፡፡›› ‹መርህ 7› በፎረሙ ስብሰባዎች ላይ የሚካፈሉ ተቋማት ወይም ቡድኖች ‹‹በነጠላም ሆነ ከሌሎች ተሳታፊዎች ጋር በመሆን ለውሳኔ ባሰቡዋቸው ማናቸውም መግለጫዎች ወይም ድርጊቶች ዙሪያ ለመወያየት›› ያልተገደበ ነፃነት እንዳላቸው እውቅና ይሰጣል፤ በዚህ ሂደት ውስጥም የፎረሙ ሚና ‹‹እነዚህን ውሳኔዎች ያለአንዳች ምሪት፣ ማበላለጥ፣ ገደብ ወይም ትችት የውሳኔው ምንጭ እንደሆኑት ተሳታፊዎች የውይይት ውጤት በሁሉም አማራጭ መንገዶች›› ማሰራጨት ብቻ እንደሆነም ይገልፃል፡፡ ‹መርህ 8› የንቅናቄውን ገላጭ ባህሪያትና የትግበራ ስልቶች ይተነትናል፡፡ በዚህም መሰረት ፎረሙ ‹‹ባልተማከለ ሁኔታ ከአካባቢያዊ እስከ ዓለም-አቀፍ ደረጃዎች ተጨባጭ ደርጊቶችን የሚተገብሩ ተቋማትና ንቅናቄዎችን የሚያገናኝ ብዝሃዊ፣ ሁሉን አቀፍ፣ ኢ-ሙግታዊ፣ መንግስታዊ ያልሆነና ገለልተኛ›› ነው፡፡ ‹መርህ 9› ፎረሙ ከፖለቲካ ፓርቲዎችና ከወታደራዊ ተቋማት በቀር ቻርተሩን ለሚቀበሉ ለሁሉም ዓይነት ተቋማትና ንቅናቄዎች ያለአንዳች ልዩነት ክፍት እንደሆነ ይደነግጋል፡፡ ‹መርህ 10› ፎረሙ ‹‹ሁሉንም ዓይነት አምባገነናዊና ‹ሪዳክሽኒስት› የኢኮኖሚ፣ የልማትና የታሪክ አመለካከቶች እና አስገዳጅ ኃይል በመንግስት

‹መርህ 11› ፎረሙ ካፒታል የበላይነት የሚይዝባቸውን መንገዶች፣ ይህንን የበላይነት ለመቋቋም የሚቻልባቸውን መንገዶች እና የካፒታሊስት ግሎባላይዜሽን የዘረኝነት፣ የፆታ መድልዎና አካባቢን አውዳሚ ባህሪያት በዓለም-አቀፍ ደረጃና በአገራት ውስጥ የሚፈጥሩትን የመገለልና የማህበራዊ ፍትሕ መጓደልን መፍትሄ ለመስጠት የሚያስችሉ አማራጭ ሃሳቦች ላይ ውይይት የሚካሄድበትና ተመስጦን የሚያነሳሱ ሃሳቦች የሚንሸራሸሩበት እንዲሁም የውይይት ውጤቶች በግልፅነት የሚዘዋወሩበት መድረክ መሆኑን በድጋሚ ያስረግጣል፡፡ ‹መርህ 12› ፎረሙ ‹‹በተሳታፊዎች መካከል መግባባትንና አንዱ ለአንዱ እውቅና መስጠትን የሚያበረታታ እና በመካከላቸው የሚካሄዱ (የሃሳብና ተሞክሮ) ልውውጦችን ዋጋ የሚሰጥ፤ በተለይም የኢኮኖሚ እንቅስቃሴና የፖለቲካ ውሳኔ በአሁኑና ቀጣዩ ትውልድ የሕዝቦችን ፍላጎት ለተፈጥሮ ክብር በሚሰጥ ሂደት ለማሟላት ያለመበት ማ ሕ በ ረ ሰ ብ ን በ መ ገ ን ባ ት ላይ አፅንኦት የሚሰጥ›› እ ን ደ ሆ ነ ይጠቁማል፡ ፡ ‹መርህ 1 3 › የፎረሙ ራ ዕ ይ

...ፎረሙ

ከንቅናቄው ጅማሮ አንስቶ የተዘጋጁ ፎረሞች

‹‹ወርልድ ሶሻል ፎረም›› ከተመሰረተበት እ.ኤ.አ. ከ2001ዓ.ም. ጀምሮ 12 ፎረሞች ተዘጋጅተዋል፡፡ የንቅናቄው የትውልድ አገር የሆነችው ብራዚል እስከ አሁን ከተዘጋጁት መድረኮች ግማሽ ያህሉን (2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2009, 2010 and 2012) አስተናግዳለች፡፡ ከእነዚህም ውስጥ እ.ኤ.አ. በ2009 ዓ.ም. በሌላ ከተማ (Belém) ከተዘጋጀው በቀር ሁሉም የተዘጋጁት በፖርቶ አሌግሬ (Porto Alegre) ከተማ ነበር፡፡ ከቀሪዎቹ ውስጥ እ.ኤ.አ. የ2004 ፎረም በሙምባይ - ሕንድ፤ እ.ኤ.አ. የ2007 ደግሞ በናይሮቢ - ኬንያ ተካሄደዋል፡፡ በሌላ በኩል እ.ኤ.አ. በ2006 ዓ.ም. የተዘጋጀው ፎረም በተለያዩ አህጉራት በሚገኙ ሦስት ከተሞች ተካሂዷል፡ - ባማኮ (ማሊ-አፍሪካ)፣ ካራካስ (ቬኒዙዋላ-ደቡብ አሜሪካ) እና ካራቺ (ፓኪስታን-እስያ)፡ ፡ ፎረሙ እ.ኤ.አ. ከጃንዋሪ 19 እስከ 23 በባማኮ ተካሄዶ የካራካስና የካራቺው ስብሰባ በተመሳሳይ ጊዜ ከማርች 24 እስከ 29 ታቅዶ የነበረ ቢሆንም በኦክቶበር 2005 በፓኪስታን የተከሰተው ርዕደ መሬት ዝግጅቱ በሁለት ወራት እንዲዘገይ አስገድዷል፡፡ እ.ኤ.አ. በ2008 ዓ.ም. የተካሄደው ስምንተኛው ፎረምም የራሱ ልዩ ባህሪያት ነበሩት፡፡ ይህ ፎረም በአንድ ቦታ ከመካሄድ ይልቅ ጃንዋሪ 26 ቀን በሁሉም የዓለም ክፍሎች ተካሂዷል፤ ሂደቱም ‹‹ዘ ግሎባል ኮል ፎር አክሽን›› በመባል ይታወቃል፡፡ አስራ አንደኛው ‹‹ወርልድ ሶሻል ፎረም›› እ.ኤ.አ. በ2011 ዓ.ም. በዳካር-ሴኔጋል ተካሄዷል፡፡ በዚህም መሠረት ፎረሙ በደቡብ አሜሪካ ስድስት ጊዜ፣ በአፍሪካ ሦስት ጊዜ እና በእሲያ ሁለት ጊዜ ተዘጋጅቷል፡፡ በአንፃሩ የበለፀጉትና ኃያላን አገራት የሚገኙባቸው አውሮፓ፣ ሰሜን አሜሪካና አውስትራሊያ አንድ ጊዜም አንኳ ፎረሙን የማዘጋጀት እድል አላገኙም፡፡

ቅፅ 1 ቁጥር 2

እንደ ማህበራዊ ቁጥጥር ስልት ጥቅም ላይ መዋሉን የሚቃወም፤ የሰብአዊ መብቶችን መከበርና እውነተኛ ዴሞክራሲን የሚደግፍ›› መሆኑን ያስቀምጣል፡፡

ጥር 2004

ሙሐዝ

ፊቸር

የንቅናቄው ስኬቶችና ተግዳሮቶች ‹‹ወርልድ ሶሻል ፎረም›› እውን ከሆነበት እ.ኤ.አ. 2001 ዓ.ም. አንስቶ በዓለም የፖለቲካ መልክዓ-ምድር ላይ ባሳደረው አወንታዊ ተጽእኖ ዙሪያ ታዛቢዎች ሲደመሙ ቆይተዋል፡፡ አንዳንድ ጸሃፍት ፎረሙን በ20ኛው ክፍለዘመን አጋማሽ ዓለምን ካናወጠው ‹‹የገለልተኛ አገሮች ንቅናቄ›› ጋር ያወዳድሩታል፡፡ ሌሎች ብዙዎች ደግሞ ‹‹ያለፉት በርካታ አስርት ዓመታት - ምንአልባትም ያለፈው ክፍለ-ዘመን ወሳኝ የሲቪልና የፖለቲካ ሂደት›› በማለት ይገልፁታል፡፡ ሌሎች ከዚህም አልፈው ፎረሙ ‹‹ሦስት አዳዲስና ተዛማጅ ገፅታዎችን ያጣመረ በማለት ያቆለጳጵሱታል፡ - የፖለቲካና የፖለቲካዊ ውይይት መድረክ (ያልተገደበ ምህዳር ፅንሰ-ሃሳብ)፣ የምናባዊውና ፍፁማዊው ህዳሴ (‹‹የተሻለ ዓለምም ይቻላል!›› ለሚለው ሃሳብ ይዘት መስጠቱ)፣ እና የትግበራ ሥልት ጉዳይ (የድርጊት መርሃግብር እቅዶች፣ የፖለቲካ አደረጃጀት፣ ወዘተ...)››

በደቡብ አሜሪካ ስድስት ጊዜ፣ በአፍሪካ ሦስት ጊዜ እና በእስያ ሁለት ጊዜ ተዘጋጅቷል። በአንፃሩ የበለፀጉትና ኃያላን ‹‹ወርልድ ሶሻል ፎረም›› አንድ መንፈስና የአፈፃጸም ስልት መአቀፍ ያላቸው ብዙ መድረኮችና ክንውኖች በተለያዩ ደረጃዎች - በአካባቢ፣ አገራት የሚገኙባቸው በአገር፣ በዘርፍ - በአንድ ጊዜ እንዲከወኑ ያስቻለ ስለመሆኑ እውቅና በተመሳሳይ መልኩ ፎረሙ በየዓመቱ ጃንዋሪ ወር ላይ አውሮፓ፣ ሰሜን አሜሪካና ተሰጥቶታል፡፡ በፖርቶ አሌግሬ ከሚዘጋጅ ነጠላ ክስተት በዓለም ዙሪያ ወደሚከበር ዓመታዊ ክብረ በዓልነት ያሳየው እመርታ አድናቆት ተችሮታል፡፡ አውስትራሊያ አንድ እ.ኤ.አ. ከ2002 እስከ 2003 ዓ.ም. አህጉራዊ ስብሰባዎች በአፍሪካ፣ በእስያ፣ በአውሮፓና በደቡብ አሜሪካ ተዘጋጅተዋል፤ በዓለም ዙሪያ ጊዜም እንኳ ፎረሙን ‹‹በዓለማችን በተለያዩ አገሮች በከተማ፣ በክልል/ግዛትና በብሔራዊ ደረጃ ተመሣሣይ እ የ ታ የ መድረኮችም ተካሄደዋል፡፡ በየዓመቱ በዓለም አቀፉ መድረክ የሚሳተፉ የማዘጋጀት እድል ያ ለ ው ን አካላት ቁጥር እየጨመረ መምጣቱ ፎረሙ የኢኮኖሚ ግሎባላይዜሽን፣ የሰብአዊ ክብር ወታደራዊ ዝንባሌ እና ተዛማጅ ክስተቶች ላሳሰባቸው የዓለም ሕዝቦች ምን አላገኙም... መዋረድ እና ያህል ዋጋ እንዳለው ምስክር ነው፡፡ በ መ ን ግ ስ ታ ት የሚፈጸም የኃይል ተግባርን በሕዝባዊ መስተጋብርም ሆነ በግል ህይወት ውስጥ በሰላማዊ መንገድ የሚቃወሙ እና ሰብዓዊ ክብርን ለማስጠበቅ የሚወሰዱ እርምጃዎችን የሚያጠናክሩ ድርጅቶችና የማህበረሰብ ንቅናቄዎች ብሔራዊና ዓለምአቀፍ ትስስሮችን ማጠናከርና መፍጠር›› እንደሆነ ይተነትናል፡፡ ‹መርህ 14› ፎረሙ ‹‹ተሳታፊ ድርጅቶችና ንቅናቄዎች እንቅስቃሴዎቻቸውን ከአካባቢ ጀምሮ እስከ ዓለም አቀፍ ደረጃ እንዲተነትኑና በባለቤትነት መንፈስ በዓለም አቀፍ መድረኮች የመሳተፍ ፍላጎት እንዲያሳድሩ እንዲሁም በአጋርነት አዲስ ዓለም ለመፍጠር ተሞክሮአቸውን ወደ ዓለም-አቀፍ መድረክ እንዲያቀርቡ የሚያበረታታ›› መሆኑን ያስቀምጣል፡፡

ሆኖም ዋናው ነገር የተሳታፊዎች ቁጥር ብቻ አይደለም፡፡ ሊጠቀስ የሚገባው ሌላው የፎረሙ ስኬት ያለማቋረጥ በመለወጥ ሂደት ላይ የሚገኘው የዓመታዊ መድረኮቹ ባሕሪ ነው፡፡ ‹‹እ.ኤ.አ. በ2001 ዓ.ም. የተዘጋጀው የመጀመሪያ ስብሰባ የኢኮኖሚ ግሎባላይዜሽን መገለጫ ለነበረው ለዳቮሱ ስብሰባና ለኢኮኖሚ ግሎባላይዜሽን ተፃራሪ ምላሽ በመስጠት ላይ ያተኮረ ነበር፡፡ እ.ኤ.አ. በ2002 ደግሞ አማራጮች እንዲቀርቡ ጥሪ ወደማድረግ አዘነበለ፡፡ በቀጣዩ ዓመት በተዘጋጀው ሦስተኛ ስብሰባ ፎረሙ ራሱን እንደ መዋቅርና ሂደት የገመገመበት ነበር፡፡›› ፎረሙ ከነባሩ ዓለም-አቀፍ የኢኮኖሚ ሥርዓት ውጭ አማራጮችን ያቀረበ ስለመሆኑ ታዛቢዎች ይስማማሉ፡፡ ለእነዚህ ታዛቢዎች ፎረሙ ‹‹ከካፒታሊስት ግሎባላይዜሽን ባሻገር አማራጮች መኖራቸውን›› ከማረጋገጥ አልፎ ‹‹ከሌሎች ዓለም-አቀፍ ሲቪል እንቅስቃሴዎች ጋር ተዳምሮ በዓለም ዙሪያ የሚገኙ ሕዝቦችን ከአዕምሮ ባርነት ነፃ ለማውጣት ከፍተኛ ሚና ተጫውቷል››፡፡ ‹‹ወርልድ ሶሻል ፎረም›› በዓለም ዙሪያ አስተሳሰብን ከመቅረጽ አኳያም ያበረከተው በገፅ 15 ይቀጥላል ...

ቅፅ 1 ቁጥር 2

ጥር 2004

ሙሐዝ

ትይዩ

ሲቪል ማኅበረሰቡ ተቋማት የገጠሟቸው ወቅታዊ ስጋቶች እና ተግዳሮቶች አስመልክቶ የሚመለከታቸውን የመንግሥት አካላት በማግኘት፣ በጉዳዩ ላይ አግባብነት ያላቸውን ባለሙያዎችና የሲቪል ማኅበረሰቡን ተመካዮች በስጋቶቹና ተግዳሮቶች ምንነትና የመፍትሄ ሐሳቦች ላይ የሚሠጧቸው ቃለምልልሶች የሚተላለፍበት ዓምድ ነው፡፡

“ለዚህች አገር ልማትና ድህነት ቅነሳ ከፍተኛ አስተዋፅኦ አድርገናል”

የ

ሙሐዝ እንግዳችን አቶ እሸቱ በቀለ ይባላሉ፡፡ የፖቨርቲ አክሽን ኔትወርክ ኢን ኢትዮጵያ መሥራች እና ኤክሲኪቲዩቭ ዳይሬክተር ናቸው፡፡ አቶ እሸቱ በፓኔ ከሚያደርጉት አስተዋፅኦ በተጨማሪ በሀገር ውስጥም ሆነ በዓለም አቀፍ ደረጃ በግላቸው በተለያዩ መድረኮች ይሳተፋሉ፡፡ በዓለም አቀፍ ደረጃ በIMF (International Monetary Fund) ውስጥ ሰብ ሰሃራ አፍሪካን ወክለው የቦርድ አባል ሲሆኑ፣ የፀረ-ድህነት ዘመቻን በዓለም አቀፍ ደረጃ ከመሠረቱት የሲቪል ሶሳቲ መሪዎች መካከል አንዱ በመሆን ሲሠሩ ቆይተዋል፡፡ በፀረድህነት፤ በፀረ-ሙስና፤ በዘላቂ ልማት በማረጋገጥ፤ ግጭትን በማስወገድ፤ በሰብዓዊ መብትና በመሰል እንቅስቃሴዎች ውስጥ ተሳትፎ በማድረጋቸው አለም አቀፉ የሠላም ፌዴሬሽን ከአለም አቀፉ የሃይማኖቶች ጉባዔ ኮንፌዴሬሽን እንዲሁም ከተባበሩት መንግስታት ጋር በመተባበር ላበረከትኩት አስተዋፅኦ በሚል የዓለም የሠላም ተሸላሚ ሆነዋል፡፡ አቶ እሸቱን በፓኔ የሥራ እንቅስቃሴ እንዲሁም በአዲሱ የበጎ አድራጎት ሕግና በተለያዩ ጉዳዮች ዙሪያ አነጋግረናቸዋል እንደሚከተለው ቀርቧል፡፡

ሙሀዝ፡- ስለ ፓኔ ቢገልፁልን? አቶ እሸቱ፡- ፓኔ ማለት ፖቨርቲ አክሽን ኔትወርክ ኢን ኢትዮጵያ (Poverty Action Network in Ethiopia) ማለት ነው፡፡ ፓኔ የተቋቋመው የኢትዮጵያ ሲቪል ማህበረሰብ ድርጅቶች በሀገሪቱ የድህነትና የልማት እንቅስቃሴ ውስጥ በንቃት በመሳተፍ አገሪቱ ውስጥ የሚነደፉ የተለያዩ የልማት እቅዶችና ፕሮግራሞች፤ ስትራቴጂዎችና ፖሊሲዎች ድሃና ልማት ተኮር እንዲሆኑ ለማስቻልና በዚያ ዙሪያ ሠፊውን የኢትዮጵያ ሲቪል ማህበረሰብ በማሰባሰብ በንቃት በሂደቱ ውስጥ እንዲሳተፉ ለማድረግ ነው፡፡ ራዕያችን ከኢትዮጵያ ውስጥ ድህነት ተወግዶ ዜጎች በክብርና በነፃነት የሚኖሩበትን አገር መገንባት ነው፡፡

ሙሐዝ፡- የፓኔ እንቅስቃሴ የትኩረት አቅጣጫ ምን ላይ ነው? አቶ እሸቱ፡- ተግባር ተኮር የሆኑ የምርምር ሥራዎችን እንሠራለን፡ ፡ ዓላማችን ለማሳካት ከወረዳ አንስቶ እስከ ፌዴራል፤ ከዚያም አልፎ በአለም አቀፍ ደረጃ ከለጋሾችም ጋር ጭምር የኢትዮጵያ የልማት ችግሮች ምንድን ናቸው? የድህነት ችግሮች የሚስተካከሉበት፣ ዘላቂ ልማት ሊረጋገጥ የሚችለውና ድህነት ሊወገድ የሚችለው በሚል ውይይቶችን በማድረግ በምርምርም በውይይትም የዳበሩ ሃሳቦችን ለመንግሥትና ለለጋሾች በማቅረብ የተሻሉ ፕሮግራሞች፤ ስትራቴጂዎችና ዕቅዶች ሥራ ላይ እንዲውሉ ማድረግ ነው። በአጠቃላይ የእኛ የትኩረት አቅጣጫ መረሃ ግብር የምዕተ ዓመቱ የልማት ጎሎችንና (Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) የኢትዮጵያ የድህነት ቅነሳ ስትራቴጂዎች እንዲሁም አሁን ደግሞ

የዕድገትና የትራንስፎርሜሽን ዕቅድ ናቸው፡፡ ስለዚህ የፓኔ መርሃ ግብር በዚህ ፍሬምወርክ ውስጥ እንዲወድቅ ሆኖ ይቀረፃል። ሁለተኛ ነገር የአባሎቻችንንም ሆነ የሌሎችንም በዝቅተኛ የአስተዳደር እርከን ላይ የሚገኙ የመንግስት አስፈፃሚ አካላትን ጭምር አቅማቸው እንዲገነባ፤ የአፈፃፀም ብቃታቸው እንዲጎለብት እንዲሻሻል የተለያዩ የአቅም ግንባታ ድጋፎች፣ ሥልጠናዎችን እንሰጣለን፤ ማኑዋሎችን የግንዛቤ ማስጨበጫ ፕሮግራሞችን እናዘጋጃለን፡፡ ከዚህ በተጨማሪ አዳዲስ የጥናት ዘዴዎችንም እናስተዋውቃለን:: ለምሣሌ፡ የማህበራዊ ተጠያቂነትን (Social Accountability) በተመለከተ በመጀመሪያ ኢትዮጵያ ውስጥ ይህን የጥናት ዘዴ ያስተዋወቀው ፓኔ ነው፡፡ አሁን በአገር አቀፍ ደረጃ እየተካሄደ ላለው የማህበራዊ ተጠያቂነት ፕሮግራምም አስተዋፅኦ እንዲያደርግ መሠረት የጣለው ፓኔ ነው፡፡ ይሄ ሁሉ እንግዲህ ድህነትን በተመለከተ የተለያዩ አገልግሎቶች በተለይም ድሃ ተኮር የሆኑ እንደግብርና፤ ትምህርት፣ ጤና፣ ውሀ፣ የመሳሰሉት መሠረተ ልማቶች፤ ጥራታቸው እንዲስተካከል፤ አቅርቦታቸው እንዲመቻችና ተደራሽነታቸው ሰፊ እንዲሆን፤ ከዚያም በተጨማሪ አገልግሎት ሰጪዎችና ተቀባዮች እያንዳንዳቸው መብትና ግዴታቸውን በጥንቃቄ አውቀው ምን መሥራት እንዳለባቸው እንዲገነዘቡና ቀጣይነት ያለው አቅርቦትና ልማት እንዲሰፍን እናደርጋለን፡፡ በሦስተኛ ደረጃ የግንኙነት የመረጃና የኔትወርኪንግ እና የእውቀት አመራር ሥራ

እንሰራለን፡፡ ይሄም የተለያዩ መረጃዎችን በጥናትም የምናሰባስባቸውን ከአባሎቻችንና ከዚያም ውጪ በአለም አቀፍ ደረጃ ጥሩ ተሞክሮዎች ናቸው የሚባሉትንና ከልማትና ከድህነት ጋር የሚገናዘቡትን ሥራዎች በማምጣት ሲቪል ማህበረሰቡ ያለውን መልካም ተሞክሮ በማምጣት በተለያዩ ህትመቶቻችን እናወጣለን፤ በድህረ-ገፃችን እንለቃለን፡፡ የክልል፤ የብሄራዊና የዓለም አቀፍ ወርክሾፖች ላይ እነዚህን ሥራዎች እናቀርባለን። ኔትወርክ ስናደርግ ደግሞ በአገር አቀፍ ደረጃ ብቻ ሳይሆን በክልሎችም ጭምር ከእኛ ጋር ተቆራኝተው የሚሠሩ ደርጅቶች አሉ፡፡ በየክልሉ ቋሚ ቅርንጫፍ ቢሮዎች አሉን። በየቅርንጫፎቹና በየክልሎቹ ቻፕተሮች አማካኝነት ከ 500 በላይ የአገር ውስጥ ሲቪል ማህበረሰብ ድርጅቶች አባሎቻችን ናቸው። በእነርሱ ሥር ደግሞ በሚሊዮን የሚቆጠሩ ሰዎች አሉ፡፡ እነሱ በልማትና በድህነት ቅነሣው እንዲሰለፉ በተለያዩ መንገዶች እናንቀሳቅሳለን፡፡ ለምሣሌ ከ110 አገሮች በላይ ተሳታፊ የሆኑበት ‹‹Global Call for Action Against Poverty›› የሚባል ትልቅ በዓለም አቀፍ ደረጃ የሚያካሄዱት ዘመቻ አለ፡፡ ሲመሠረት ፓኔ መስራች አባል ነው፡፡ እኔም መስራችና የአለም አቀፉ ምክር ቤት አባል ስሆን አፍሪካን ወክዬ የአፍሪካ መንግስታት ካውንስልም አባል ነኝ፡፡ በኢትዮጵያ ውስጥ በዕዳ ስረዛ፣ በመልካም አስተዳደር፣ ፍትሃዊ የሆነ የንግድ ሥርዓት እንዲኖር፣ የተሻለ የእርዳታና ብድር ለድህነት ማስወገጃና ለልማት ሀብታም አገሮች እንዲሠጡ በእነዚህ ጉዳዮች ላይ በየዓመቱ የተለያዩ ዘመቻዎች እናደርጋለን፡፡ በእኛ አገር ደግሞ በተጨባጭ ሁኔታም በተለያዩ ክልሎች ዛፍ በመትከል፤ አካባቢ በማፅዳት፤ የተለያዩ የፓናሎችን በማዘጋጀት ስለ ድህነት ግንዛቤ እንዲኖራቸው፤ አስከፊነቱንም እንዲረዱትና በዘላቂ የልማት ሂደት ውስጥ የነቃ ተሣትፎ እንዲያደርጉ በየዓመቱ ዘመቻውን እናካሄዳለን።

ሙሐዝ፡-ፓኔ በፖሊሲ ቀረፃም ላይ ተሣትፎ እንዳለው ይታወቃል፡፡ በዚህ ዙሪያ የፓኔ ሚናዎች ምንድን ናቸው? አቶ እሸቱ፡- በፖሊሲ ቀረፃ ላይ እኛ ይበልጥ ፍላጎታችንና ዓላማችን ከድህነት ቅነሳና ከልማት ፕሮግራም ጋር ነው፡፡ ከላይ እንደጠቀስኩት ዋና የትኩረት አቅጣጫ የሆኑት የምዕተ ዓመቱ የልማት ጎሎች (MDGs)፤ እና የኢትዮጵያ የድህነት ቅነሳና የዘላቂ ልማት ሰነዶች ናቸው፡፡ የፖሊሲዎቹ ስብስብ እዚህ ውስጥ ነው ያለው፤ የሀገሪቱም፣ የመንግስትም፣ የለጋሾችና የሲቪል ማህበረሰቡም ትኩረት በዚህ ዙሪያ መሆን አለበት፡፡ ፓኔ ደግሞ ለዚህ ሲባል የተመሠረተና በዚህ ዙሪያ የሚሠራ ነው፡፡ ለምሳሌ፡ የዕድገትና ትራንስፎርሜሽን ዕቅድን ብንመለከት የምዕተ-ዓመቱ የልማት ግቦች በውስጡ ተጠቃለዋል፡፡ የሁሉንም ዘርፎች ፍላጎትና ቅደም ተከተል አገናዝቦ የተዘጋጀ በመሆኑ ለእኛ ዋናው ፖሊሲ እሱ ነው፡፡ መረጃዎችን ከመንግሥትና ከባለ ድርሻ አካላት ጋር በውይይት አዳብረን የድህነት ቅነሳውና የልማት ፖሊሲው ውስጥ በዚህ በዚህ መልኩ ቢካተት ጠቃሚ ነው የሚል ሃሳብ እናቀርባለን፡፡

ሙሐዝ፡- አዲሱ የበጎ አድራጎት ድርጅቶች ሕግ በፓኔ ላይ ያለው አዎንታዊና አሉታዊ ተፅእኖ ምን ይመስላል? አቶ እሸቱ፡- ሕጉ አለው ብለን የምናስበው ጥሩ አጋጣሚ ኔትወርኮች፤ ኮንሰርትየሞች ቅንጅቶች እንዲፈጠሩ መፍቀዱ ነው፡፡ በፊት እነዚህ ኔትወርኮች መመዝገብ፣ መመሥረት አለባቸው ብሎ የሚደነግግ ሕግ

አልነበረም። ሁለተኛው ጥሩ አጋጣሚ በፊት ገቢን ለማምጣት ገንዘብ ማሰባሰብ አይፈቀድም ነበር፤ አሁን በሕጉ ማዕቀፍ ውስጥ ሆኖ ድርጅቱ ማሟላት የሚገባውን ነገር ካሟላ ገንዘብ ማሰባሰብ እንደሚችል ይደነግጋል፡፡ የሲቪል ማህበረሰቡ የሚተዳደርበትና የሚመዘገብበት ሕገደንብ መኖሩ በራሱ ጥሩ ነገር ነው፡፡ አሉታዊ ጎኑን ስንመለከት ለአጠቃላይ ሲቪል ማህበረሰቡ ብዙ ነገሮች አሉ፡ ፡ የአድቮኬሲው፣ የአስተዳደሩ፣ የ70/30ው ገደቦች በተለያዩ መድረኮች ያነሳናቸው ቅሬታዎች ናቸው። ለፓኔም ከእነኚህ ሁሉ የጎዳው ቢኖር የ70/30ው ጉዳይ ነው፡፡ በተለይ ደግሞ ከአዋጁ ይልቅ በ70/30ው ላይ የወጣው መመሪያና ደንብ ኔትወርኮች የሚያሰባስቡትን ሃብት ሙሉ በሙሉ አባሎቻቸው ወስደው ከዚያ በኋላ ከእነርሱ በሚገኝ ለአስተዳደራዊ ወጪያቸው ከሚሰጥ ድጎማ ይተዳደራሉ የሚለው ሕግ ለኔትወርኮች ማበብ፣ የተቋቋሙበትን ዓላማዎች ለማራመድና በአግባቡ ለመተግበር አስቸጋሪ ነው፡፡ እኛ መጀመሪያ ስንቋቋም ለሀገር ልማትና ለድህነት ቅነሳ የሆኑ በርካታ ዓላማዎች ይዘን ነው፡፡ እነዚህ ደግሞ መንግስትንም ቢሆን በእጅጉ የሚረዱ ናቸው፤ ነገር ግን ይኼ ደንብ ወጥቶ ሥራ ላይ ከዋለ እነዚህን ሥራዎች ለማከናወን ከባድ ነው የሚሆነው፡ ፡ ምንም እንኳን ፓኔ ከተቋቋመ ስድስት ዓመት ቢሆነውም በዚህ አጭር ጊዜ ውስጥ ለዚህች አገር ልማትና ድህነት ቅነሳ ከፍተኛ አስተዋፅኦ ስለማድረጋችን መመሥከር እችላለሁ። አሁን ግን አዲሱ አሠራር ስለሚገድበን ከዚህ ቀደም እንደነበረው ለመሥራት አስቸጋሪ ይሆንብናል፡ ፡ ምናልባትም ወደፊት መንቀሳቀስ ወደማንችልበት ደረጃ ሊያመራን ይችላል ብዬ ነው የምሰጋው፡፡

ጥር 2004

‹‹የለጋሽ አገሮች የገንዘብ ፍሰት መጠን በአዋጁ ምክንያት ቀንሷል፤ ጨምሯል አሊያም ባለበት ሁኔታ እየሄደ ነው›› ለማለት በመጀመሪያ ጥናት መደረግ ይኖርበታል፡፡

ሙሐዝ

ቅፅ 1 ቁጥር 2

ዩይት

ሙሐዝ፡- አሁን ካለው አዋጅ ጋር ተያይዞ በመንግስትና በሲቪል ማህበረሠብ ተቋማት መካከል ያለው ግንኙነት ከዚህ ቀደም ከነበረው ጋር የአሁኑን ሲያነፃፅሩት ምን ይመስላል? እንዴትስ መሻሻል አለበት ብለው ያምናሉ? አቶ እሸቱ፡- እውነቱን ለመናገር አሁን አሁን እየጠበበ መጥቷል፡ ፡ ምክንያቱም በፊት የተለያዩ ውይይቶችን የምናደረግባቸው ፎረሞች ነበሩ። መንግስትም የተለያዩ ድራፍት ፖሊሲዎች፣ አዋጆች በሚኖሩበት ጊዜ እንድንሳተፍ ይጋብዘን ነበር፡፡ አሁን አሁን ግን ሕጉ ከወጣ ወዲህ ብዙ መድረክ የለም፡፡ ብዙ የምንገናኘንበት ፎረም የለም፡፡ በየዓመቱ ደግሞ ዘላቂ የልማትና ድህነት ቅነሳ ፕሮግራም ላይ የምንሰራባቸውና የምንገናኝባቸው በገፅ 10 ይቀጥላል ...

ቅፅ 1 ቁጥር 2

ጥር 2004

ሙሐዝ

ተ መ ክ ሮ

ፓክት ኢትዮጵያ

ሲቪል ማኅበረሰቡ ተቋማት የተቋቋሙበትን ዓላማ፣ ጊዜ፣ የትኩረት ዘርፎች መሠረት በማድረግ ስኬቶቻቸው እና ተግዳሮቶቻቸው የሚዳሰስበት ዓምድ ነው፡፡

የሲቪል ማህበራትን የመገንባት ሚና

መግቢያ ‹‹ፓክት›› በኢትዮጵያ ውስጥ የተመሠረተው እንደ አውሮፓውያኑ አቆጣጠር በ1995 ዓ.ም ነው፡፡ ይህ መንግስታዊ ያልሆነ ድርጅት ሲቋቋም ይዞት የተነሳው ራዕይ “ማህበራዊ፣ ፖለቲካዊ እና ኢኮኖሚያዊ መብቱ የተረጋገጠለት ሉአላዊ (empowered) ማህበረሰብ መፍጠር” የሚል ሲሆን አብይ ተልዕኮው ማህበራዊ ፍትህን ለማረጋገጥ እንዲሁም ኢኮኖሚያዊ ጥቅሞችንና ሰላማዊ ኑሮን ለማሻሻል የለውጥ አጋሮችን አቅም ማጎልበት ነው፡፡ ፓክት ኢትዮጵያ ከተመሠረተ ጊዜ አንስቶ ከተለያዩ ልማት ተኮር አካላት ጋር አጋርነትን በመፍጠር፣ አዳዲስ የሆኑ የልማት ሞዴሎችንና መሣሪያዎችን (tools) በመጠቀም፣ እንዲሁም በቅንጅትና በአድቮኬሲ ተቋማዊና ቴክኒካዊ አቅም በማጎልበት ተልዕኮውን በመወጣት ላይ ይገኛል፡፡ ፓክት ኢትዮጵያ ሲመሠረት ሦስት መሠረታዊ ዓላማዎች ነበሩት፡፡ የመጀመሪያው በኢትዮጵያ ውስጥ የመንግስትንና የአገር በቀል ተቋማትን (local organization) አቅም መገንባት የሚል ሲሆን፣ ሁለተኛ መንግስትና የሲቪል ማህበረሰብ ድርጅቶች በጋራ ሊሠሩበት የሚችሉበት የተመቻቸ አውድ መፍጠርና ለተግባራዊነቱ እገዛ ማድረግ ነው፡፡ ሦስተኛው ዓላማው ደግሞ የተለያዩ ድርጅቶች በጋራ የሚሠሩበት ቅንጅት (networking) እንዲፈጠር ማገዝ ነው፡፡ ከላይ እንደተገለፀው የፓክት ኢትዮጵያ ማዕከላዊና ዐቢይ የትኩረት አቅጣጫ አቅም ግንባታ ነው፡፡ ይህንንም የአቅም ግንባታ ተግባር ሲያከናውን ትኩረት ሰጥቶ የሚሠራው በተለያዩ የሲቪል ማህበረሰብ ድርጅቶቸ ላይ ነው፡፡ የድርጅቶቹ የሥራ ትኩረት ወይም ሴክተር ለፓክት ተተኳሪ ጉዳይ አይደለም፡፡ ድርጅቶቹ በትምህርት፣ በጤና፣ ወዘተ ዙሪያ ሊያጠነጥኑ ይችላሉ፡፡ የፓክት ትኩረት የድርጅቶቹ ራዕይ ላይ ሳይሆን ድርጅቶቹ ራዕያቸውን የሚያስፈጽሙበትን አቅም በመገንባት ላይ ነው፡፡

የትኩረት አቅጣጫ ፓክት በ1995 (እ.ኤ.አ) ሕጋዊ ዕውቅና አግኝቶ ከመመዝገቡ በፊት ለምሥረታው የተከናወኑ ተግባራት ነበሩ፡፡ የመጀመሪያው ተግባር ቀደም ብለው የነበሩ የሲቪል ማህበረሰብ ድርጅቶችን አመራር አካላትንና የመንግስት ባለሥልጣናትን በጉዳዩ ዙሪያ የማነጋገርን የማስረዳት ተግባር ነበር፡፡ በመቀጠልም ለምስረታው በር ከፋች የሆነ ንድፈ-ግብር (proposal) ተዘጋጀ፡፡ ይህ ንድፈ-ግብር በUSAID የገንዘብ ድጋፍ የተሠራና “Ethiopian NGO Sector Enhancement Initative” የሚል ርዕሠ ጉዳይ የያዘ ሲሆን ቀደም ሲል የተገለፁትን ሦስት ዋና ዋና ዓላማዎች ያካተተ ነበር፡፡ ፓክት በወቅቱ ይዞት የተነሳው ዓላማ ከዚህ በፊት ከነበሩት የሲቪል ማህበረሰብ ድርጅቶች ጋር ሲነፃጸር አዲስ ንጽረተ-ለውጥ (paradigm shift) ያመጣ ነበር፡፡ እንደሚታወቀው ቀደም ብለው የነበሩት ድርጅቶች ዓላማ ሙሉ በሙሉ በሰብዓዊ ዕርዳታ

(humanitarian assistant) ላይ ያተኮረ ነበር፡፡ ነገር ግን የፓክት አቅጣጫ በልማት (development) ላይ ያነጣጠረ ሆኖ የተቋማትን አቅም በማጎልበት የተመሠረቱበትን ዓላማ ከግብ እንዲያደርሱ ሁኔታዎችን በማመቻቸት ላይ ያተኮረ ነበር፡፡ ከዚህ አንጻር የተለያዩ ሴክተሮች ለምሳሌ በትምህርት፣ በህፃናት ጉዳይ፣ በምግብ ራስን መቻል፣ በጤና፣ በዲሞክራሲና መልካም አስተዳደር፣ በአካባቢ ጥበቃ ወዘተ.... ዙሪያ የፓክት የትኩረት አቅጣጫዎች ሆነዋል፤ ከመቶ በላይ የሆኑ አገር በቀል መንግስታዊ ያልሆኑ ድርጅቶችም በአጋርነት ተካተዋል፡፡

ሥልተ ግብር ፓክት ሕጋዊ ህልውና አግኝቶ ከተመዘገበ በኋላ የአቅም ግንባታ ተግባሩን ለማከናወን በቅድሚያ ያከናወነው ተግባር የተቋማትን አቅም ለመፈተሽ የሚያስችል መሣሪያ (Tool) ማዘጋጀት ነበር፡፡ ይህም መሣሪያ “ተቋማዊ አቅም መፈተሻ መሣሪያ” (Organizational Capacity Assessment Tool/OCAT) በመባል ይታወቃል፡፡ ፓክት በወቅቱ ይህን መሣሪያ ያዘጋጀው ብቻውን ሳይሆን የተለያዩ

ድርጅቶችን በማሣተፍ ነበር፡፡ ዓላማውም ተቋማቱ ያሉበትን ደረጃ በመፈተሽ የሚሻሻሉበትንና የሚጠናከሩበትን ሁኔታ ለማመቻቸት ነበር፡፡ ይሁን እንጂ በወቅቱ በሁሉም የሲቪል ማህብረሰብ ድርጅቶች ዘንድ ፕሮጀክቱ ዕኩል ተቀባይነት ሊያገኝ አልቻለም፡፡ ምክንያቱ ደግሞ ‹‹ግምገማና ክትትል›› (Monitoring and Evaluation) የሚለውን ጽንሰ ሀሳብ ድርጅቶቹ በአዎንታዊ መልኩ ሊገነዘቡት ባለመቻላቸው ነበር፡፡ ምንም እንኳን ፕሮጀክቱ በተለያዩ የሲቪል ማህበረሠብ ድርጅቶች በጥርጣሬ ዓይን ቢታይም ፓክት በተዘጋጀው መሣሪያ መነሻነት ሙሉ በሙሉ አሳታፊ (participatory) በሆነ መልኩ የፍተሻ (assessment) ተግባሩን ቀጠለ፡፡ የፍተሻው ዓላማ የድርጅቶችን አቅም ከመለካት ባለፈ የሚጠናከሩበትን መንገድ መቀየስ እንደመሆኑ መጠን ፓክት የፍተሻውን ውጤት ያለድርጅቶቹ ፈቃድ ለማንም አሳልፎ አይሰጥም፡፡ ይሁን እንጂ በርካታ ተቋማት የፍተሻውን ውጤት ለለጋሽ አካላት በማቅረብና ጥንካሬአቸውን በማሳየት እንዲሁም ድክመታቸውን ለማሻሻል ከፓክት ጋር እየሠሩ መሆናቸውን በመግለጽ በጀት ማግኘት ጀመሩ፡፡ ቀደም ሲል እንደተገለፀው የፕሮጀክቱ ዓላማ የተቋማትን አቅም ማሳደግ ነው፡፡ በመሆኑም ፓክት በተዘጋጀው የአቅም መፈተሻ መሣሪያ ውጤት በመነሳት የመጣለቅ (intervention) ተግባር ማቀድና ማከናወን ጀመረ፡፡ ይህ ተግባር በወቅቱ “ስልጠናና ክትትል“ (training & mentoring) ይባል ነበር፡፡ በዚህ ሂደት ተቋማት ካለባቸው ክፍተቶች አንፃር የተለያዩ ስልጠናዎች ለምሳሌ ስለ ስትራቴጂክ ፕላን፣ ስለ ፋይናንስ ስርዓት፣

በተመሳሳይ መልኩ ፓክት የገንዘብ አስተዳደር (grant management) ስርዓትን እንደ አቅም ግንባታ መሣሪያ ይጠቀም ነበር፡፡ ይኸውም ለምሳሌ አንድ አጋር ድርጅት ገንዘብ ቢፈልግ አስቀድሞ መሠረታዊ ስልጠናዎችን ማለትም ስትራቴጂክ ፕላኒንግ፣ የገንዘብ አስተዳደር (financial management)፣ ንድፈ-ግብር ዝግጅት፣ እና ክትትልና ግምገማ (monitoring & evaluation) እንዲወስድ ይደረጋል፡፡ በመቀጠልም ተቋሙ ከተቋቋመበት ዓላማ አንፃር አግባብነት ያለው ንድፈ-ግብር እንዲያቀርብ ይደረግና ፕሮጀክቱን ሊተገበርበት የሚያስችለው ገንዘብ ይለቀቅለታል፡፡ ይህ ሁኔታ ደግሞ ተቋማት ጠንካራ የሆነ የአሠራር ሂደት እንዲለምዱ ዕድል ይፈጥርላቸዋል፡፡ በሌላ መልኩ ይህ የአቅም ግንባታ ሂደት አዲስ በመቋቋም ላይ ለነበሩ ተቋማት (ከ1995 እስከ 1998 እ.ኤ.አ) ከፍተኛ እገዛ አድርጓል፡፡ ይሄውም አንዳንዶቹ ገና በመቋቋም ላይ ስለነበሩ እንዴትና በምን መልኩ መሥራት እንዳለባቸው ክህሎት እንዲያገኙ ረድቷቸዋል፡፡ በተጨማሪም ለጋሽ (donor) ያልነበራቸውና ፈንድ ያላገኙ ተቋማት ከፓክት ጋር በመሥራታቸው ተጠቃሚ የሆኑበት አጋጣሚም ነበር፡፡ እውነተኛ አጋርነት ፓክት በአቅም ግንባታ ተግባሩ ትኩረት የሚሠጠው ጉዳይ ነው። ይኸውም ፓክት ከአጋር ተቋማት ጋር በሚሠራበት ጊዜ ተቋማቱ ድክመት እንኳን ቢኖርባቸው ድክመታቸውን ለማስወገድ ጥረት ያደርጋል፤ እገዛ የሚያስፈልጋቸውን በመፈተሽ ተጨማሪ እገዛ ያደርግላቸዋል፤ ተቋማቱ የሚጠናከሩበትንና የሚጎለብቱበትን ሁኔታ ያመቻቻል፡፡ ከዚህም ሌላ የአጋር አካላት ጉባኤ (partners meeting) በየዓመቱ በማዘጋጀት ተቋማቱ በየትኛው አቅጣጫ እንደተጠናከሩ፣ በየትኛው አቅጣጫ ጉድለት እንዳለባቸው፣ ምን ዓይነት እገዛ እንደሚፈልጉ፣ ወዘተ ከራሳቸው ያደምጣል፡ ፡ ከዚህም በመነሳት የተቋማቱን ፍላጎት ሊያሟላ በሚችል መልኩ ፕሮግራሙን ያሻሽላል፡፡ ይህ ሁኔታ ደግሞ በተቋማቱና በፓክት መካከል ከፍተኛ መተማመንና መቀባበል እንዲፈጠር አድርጓል።

የትብብር መድረኮች በኢትዮጵያ እንዲጠናከሩ ፓክት ያከናወናቸው ተግባራት ፓክት የሲቪል ማህበረሰብ ድርጅቶች ከመንግስት ጋር በትብብር ለመሥራት የሚችሉበትን የተሻለ አውድ ለመፍጠርና

......ፓክት ፓክት ከአጋር ከአጋር ተቋማት ተቋማት ጋር ጋር በሚሠራበት በሚሠራበት ጊዜ ጊዜ ተቋማቱ ተቋማቱ ድክመት ድክመት እንኳን እንኳን ቢኖርባቸው ቢኖርባቸው ድክመታቸውን ድክመታቸውን ለማስወገድ ለማስወገድ ጥረት ጥረት ያደርጋል፤ ያደርጋል፤ እገዛ እገዛ የሚያስፈልጋቸውን የሚያስፈልጋቸውን በመፈተሽ በመፈተሽ ተጨማሪ ተጨማሪ እገዛ እገዛ ያደርግላቸዋል፤ ያደርግላቸዋል፤ ተቋማቱ ተቋማቱ የሚጠናከሩበትንና የሚጠናከሩበትንና የሚጎለብቱበትን የሚጎለብቱበትን ሁኔታ ሁኔታ ያመቻቻል ያመቻቻል... ኢትዮጵያ ያስቀመጠችው አጠቃላይ የለውጥና የዕድገት ግብ ላይ ለመድረስ መንግስታዊ ያልሆኑ ተቋማት ሊሞሉት የሚገባቸውን ክፍተት መሙላት እንዲችሉ ለማገዝ ያላሰለሰ ጥረት ሲያደርግ ቆይቷል፡ ፡ ይህንንም ለማድረግ በቅድሚያ ትኩረት ሰጥቶ የተመለከተው በወቅቱ የነበረውን “ሌጅስትሌሽን” ነበር፡፡ በተጨማሪም በመንግስትና በሲቪል ማህበረሰብ ተቋማት ዙሪያ በርካታ የተጋልጦ ጉብኝቶች (exposure visit) እንዲካሄዱ ሁኔታዎችን አመቻችቷል፡፡ ከዚህም ሌላ ሊኖር በሚገባው ግንኙነት ዙሪያ ለመምከርና ግንኙነቱንም ለማሻሻል ከፍትሕ ሚኒስቴር፣ ከእንግሊዝ አምባሳደርና ከአምስት ዓለም አቀፍ ተቋማት ጋር ውይይቶች ተካሄደዋል፡፡ በውይይቱም አማካኝነት የሲቪል ማህበረሰብ ድርጅቶች መተዳደሪያ ደንብ (code of conduct) በኢትዮጵያ ታሪክ ለመጀመሪያ ጊዜ ሊዘጋጅና ሊጸድቅ ችሏል- በእርግጥ ደንቡ ለትግበራ አስቸጋሪ ቢሆንም፡፡ ፓክት በሲቪል ማህበረሰብ ድርጅቶች መካከል ያለውን አጋርነት ለማጠናከር ካከናወናቸው ተግባራት መካከል አንዱ “መንግስታዊ ያልሆኑ ድርጅቶች ቀን“(NGOs Day) በሚል የመሠረተው መርሃግብር ተጠቃሽ ነው፡፡ ይህ መርሃግብር የተካሄደው ከክርስቲያን በጎ አድራጎት ድርጅት CRDA ጋር በመተባበር ሲሆን በተለያዩ ጊዜያት አራት ጊዜ ገደማ ተካሄዷል፡፡ በዚህም የተነሳ የተለያዩ መንግሥታዊ ያልሆኑ ተቋማት በአገሪቱ ምን ምን ተግባራት እያከናወኑ እንደሚገኙ ለማህበረሠቡ እንዲያሳውቁና ከማህበረሰቡ ጋራም እንዲተዋወቁ ዕድል ፈጥሮላቸዋል፡፡ በተጨማሪም በመንግስትና በተቋማቱ መካከል ውይይት እንዲፈጠር በር ከፍቷል፡፡

ከዚህም ሌላ ፓክት በየሁለት ዓመቱ “አመቺ የሥራ አውድ ግምገማ” (enabling environment review) ያካሄድ ነበር:: ግምገማው ይካሄድ የነበረው በፓክትና በውጫዊ አማካሪዎች ሲሆን ዓላማውም በመንግስትና በሲቪል ማህበረሰብ ድርጅቶች መካከል ያለውን አጋርነት ለማሻሻል የተደረገውን የጥረት ውጤት ለመፈተሽ ነበር፡ ፡ ከዚህም ጋር በማያያዝ አጋርነቱን ለማጠናከር ይረዳ ዘንድ በፓክት ሠራተኞች መሪነት የመንግስት አካላትና የሲቪል ማህበረሰብ ድርጅቶች ተወካዮች ወደተለያዩ በማደግ ላይ ያሉ ሀገሮች በመሄድ የልምድ ልውውጥ ጉብኝቶች እንዲያካሄዱ ተደርጓል፡ ፡ ለምሳሌ ቅንጅትን እና ትምህርትን በተመለከተ በባንግላዲሽ፣ አድቮኬሲን በተመለከተ በፊሊፒንስ፣ የሕግ መዕቀፍ በተመለከተ በደቡብ አፍሪካ፣ ኤች.አይ. ቪን በተመለከተ፣ በዚምባቡዌ፣ ማይክሮ ፋይናንስን በተመለከተ በቦሊቪያና በፔሩ ጉብኝት ተካሂዷል፡፡ ይህ ትምህርታዊ ጉብኝት በመንግስት ባለሥልጣናትና በተቋማት ተወካዮች መካከል ውይይት እንዲፈጠርና የአጋርነት ስሜት እንዲመሠረት ሠፊ አጋጣሚ የፈጠረ እንደነበረ ይታመናል፡፡

ጥር 2004

ሙሐዝ

ቅፅ 1 ቁጥር 2

ስለ ንድፈ-ግብር አዘገጃጀት፣ ስለ ስርዓተ ፆታ ስርገት(Gender mainstreeming)፣ ስለ ቦርድ አመሠራረት ወዘተ ለተለያዩ ሳምንታት እንዲያገኙ ይደረግና ያገኙትን ትወራዊ እውቀት ወደተግባር ይለውጡት ዘንድ በተከታታዮች አማካኝነት እገዛ ይደረግላቸዋል፡ ፡ በዚህ ሁኔታ ፓክት የተቋማትን የአፈፃጸም አቅም ለማጎልበት ሰፊ ጥረት አድርጓል፡ ፡ ይህ ዓይነቱ የአቅም ግንባታ አቅጣጫ ተግባር የተከናወነው ለስምንት ዓመታት ሲሆን በእነዚህ ዓመታት ውስጥ በተቋማቱ ላይ በጣም አመርቂ ውጤት ተገኝቷል፡፡

ቀደም ሲል እንደተገለፀው ፓክት ከተመሠረተባቸው ሦስት ዓላማዎች መካከል አንዱ የቅንጅት (network) ጉዳይ ነው፡፡ ፓክት በተለያዩ የሲቪል ማህበረሠብ ድርጅቶች መካከል ሊፈጠር የሚገባውን ቅንጅት ለማጠናከር ሠፊ ተግባር አካሄዷል፡፡ ለተለያዩ ቅንጅቶችም እገዛ እያደረገ ይገኛል፡ ፡ ይሁን እንጂ ቀደም ባሉት ጊዜያት በአገራችን የሚገኙት መንግስታዊ ያልሆኑ ተቋማት በደንብ ያደጉና የተጠናከሩ ካለመሆናቸው የተነሳ አብሮ በመምጣትና የጋራ አስተሳሰብ በመፍጠር ቅንጅት ለመመስረት እምብዛም የበሰሉ ስላልነበሩ ሁኔታው በፓክት ላይ ትልቅ ተግዳሮት ሆኖበት ቆይቷል፡፡ በእርግጥ የተወሠኑ የፓክት ቅንጅቶች (network) ውጤታማ ናቸው፡፡ ለምሳሌ፤ NEWA, Education Network, Orphan & Venerable Children Network, ወዘተ መጥቀስ ይቻላል፡፡

ማጠቃለያ በአጠቃላይ ፓክት የተመሠረተው በኢትዮጵያ የሚገኙ የሲቪል ማህበረሠብ ድርጅቶችን አቅም ለመገንባት ነው፡፡ ከዚህ አንጻር ከተመሠረተ ጀምሮ እስከ አሁን ድረስ ባከናወናቸው ተግባሮች ጥሩ ውጤት አስመዝግቧል፡፡ በአገራችን የሚገኙ በጠንካራነታቸው የሚጠቀሱ መንግስታዊ ያልሆኑ ተቋማት በፓክት ሥር የሚገኙ ነበሩ፡፡ ስለዚህ ከአቅም ግንባታ አኳያ ፓክት ስኬታማ ሆኗል ማለት ይቻላል፡፡

በለጋሾች በኩል ለሲቪል ማህበረሰቡ ገንዘብ እንዳይመጣ ገደብ ሆኗል፡፡ ምክንያቱም እነርሱ ራሳቸው ከለጋሾቻቸው የሚያገኙት ገንዘብ ስለሚቀንስ ድርሻው እያነሰ እያነሰ ይሄዳል፡፡ አንዳንዶቹ በቀውሱ ምክንያት ራሳቸውን ማቋቋም ስላልቻሉ ለሌሎች አሳልፈው የሚሰጡትን ገንዘብ ያቆሙ አሉ፡፡ ስለዚህ ይኼ ብዙ ውስብስብ የሆኑ ችግሮችን ፈጥሯል፡፡ ወደፊትም የሚቀጥል ጉዳይ ነው፡፡ በመገናኛ ብዙሃን እንደምንሰማው ችግሩ ካለፉት ዓመታት በበለጠ የገንዘብ ቀውሱ በተለይ በአውሮፓና በሰሜን አሜሪካ ተባብሶ ሊቀጥል ይችላል የሚል ትንበያ ስላለ ምንአልባትም ወደ ሲቪል ማህበረሰብ ድርጅቶች የሚመጣው ገንዘብ ይቀንሳል ብዬ ነው የማስበው፡፡

ቅፅ 1 ቁጥር 2

ጥር 2004

ሙሐዝ

“ለዚህች አገር ልማትና... ከገፅ 7 የቀጠለ

...

መድረኮች ነበሩ፡፡ ያም እየተቀዛቀዘ የመጣ ይመስላል፡፡ እኔ የማቀርበው ሃሳብ የሲቪል ማህበረሰቡ ለሀገር ልማትና ድህነት ቅነሳ አዎንታዊ የሆነ አስተዋፅኦ እንዲያደርግ፤ ትክክለኛ የሆነ አጋርነትና ተሳትፎ የሚፈልጉትን ጉዳዩች ለይቶ ተከታታይ የሆነ ውይይት የሚደረግባቸው መድረኮች መዘጋጀት አለባቸው፡፡ ለሀገር ገንቢ በሆነ መንገድ እውነተኛ የሆነ አጋርነት በመፍጠር መንግሥት በማይደርስባቸው አንዳንድ ቦታዎች ላይ የክፍተት መሙላት ሥራዎች እንዲሠራ፤ አዳዲስ ጥሩ የሆኑ እውቀትን፤ መረጃን መሠረት ያደረጉ እንቅስቃሴዎች እንዲኖሩ፤ የግምገማ፤ የምርምርና የአቅም ግንባታ ሥራዎች እንዲኖሩ ሲቪል ማሕበረሰቡ በቂ ተሳትፎ ማድረግ ይኖርበታል፡፡ በዚህ በኩል ኔትወርኮች በጣም ጠቃሚ ናቸው፡፡ አሁን አሁን በተናጥል ከሚሠሩ ድርጅቶች ይልቅ በኔትወርክ ተሰባስበው የሚያደርጉት ለአገር ግንባታ ሠፊ አስተዋፅኦ ይኖረዋል። አባላቶቻቸውንም ለመገንባት እንዲችሉ አቅማቸው መዳበር አለበት፡ ፡ የአባሎቻቸው ችግሮችና ሥራዎች አስተባብረውና ወክለው ከመንግስት፤ እንዲሁም ከልማት ተባባሪ ለጋሾች ጋር የሚገናኙበት መድረኮች መኖር አለባቸው፡ ፡ በዚያ መድረክ አማካኝነት በየጊዜው ቢገናኙ አጀንዳቸውም ስለልማትና በጋራ የሚያግቧቧቸው የሚያሠሯቸው ጉዳዩች ሆነው ቢነጋገሩ ጠቃሚ ነው ብዬ አስባለሁ፡ ፡ ብዙ በጋራ ሊያሠሩ የሚችሉ ችግሮች አሉ፡፡ ዋናው ዓላማችን ድህነትን ቅነሳና ልማት እስከሆነ ድረስ እነዚህ አጀንዳዎች ሠፊ በመሆናቸው በውስጣቸው ባሉ በተለያዩ ጉዳዩች ላይ መነጋገሩ ለሀገር ግንባታ ለድህነት መወገድ ከፍተኛ አስተዋፅኦ አለው ብዬ ነው የማምነው፡፡

ሙሐዝ፡- የአዲሱን ሕግ መውጣት ተከትሎ ለጋሽ ድርጅቶች የሚሰጡት ገንዘብ ቀንሷል ይላሉ? ምንአልባት ለጋሾቹ ገንዘቡን መቀነሳቸው ከአዋጁ ጋር ተያይዞ ከሆነ ይህ በሥራችሁ ላይ የሚያሳድረው ተፅዕኖ ምን ያህል ነው? አቶ እሸቱ፡ይህንን በእርግጠኛነት ለመናገር ጥናት አልተሠራም፡፡ ‹‹የለጋሽ አገሮች የገንዘብ ፍሰት መጠን በአዋጁ ምክንያት ቀንሷል፤ ጨምሯል አሊያም ባለበት ሁኔታ እየሄደ ነው›› ለማለት በመጀመሪያ ጥናት መደረግ ይኖርበታል፡፡ በዚህ ዙሪያ የተደረገ ጥናት ግን እስከአሁን የለም። አንድ ዓለም አቀፍ እውነታ ግን አለ፡፡ ይህም በአሁን ሰዓት ዓለምን እያናወጠ ያለው የተለያየ ቀውስ ነው፡ ፡ የምግብ፣ የነዳጅ ዘይት፣ የማዳበሪያ፣ የገንዘብና መሰል ቀውሶች ነበሩ። አንዳንዶቹ አሁንም አሉ፡፡ በተለይ የገንዘብ ቀውሱ በከፍተኛ ሁኔታ ብዙ ነገሮችን አወሳስቧል፤ ጎድቷልም፡፡ እናም ይህ በምዕራቡ አካባቢ የታየው የገንዘብ ቀውስ ብዙ አንድምታ አለው፡፡ በተለይም ደግሞ

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ሙሐዝ፡- ከአዲሱ የበጎ አድራጎቶች ሕግ ጋር በተያያዘ ፓኔ እንዲሁም ደግሞ የሲቪል ማህበረሰቡ ግብረ ኃይል ያከናወኗቸው ተግባሮች ምንድን ናቸው? አቶ እሸቱ፡- አንዱ በተለያዩ የሕግ ጉዳዩች ላይ ከሲቪል ማህበረሠቡ ጋር በመወያየት፤ ከመንግሥት ጋርም የተለያዩ ግብዓቶችን ይዞ በመቅረብ የተሻለና አሠሪ እንዲሆን ጥናት እያደረገ ሲያወያይ ቆይቷል፡፡ ይህም በመጀመሪያ ሕጉ ገና በረቂቅ ደረጃ እያለ ከተለያዩ ሴክተር መሥሪያ ቤቶች ከፍትሕ ሚኒስቴር፣ ከጠቅላይ ሚኒስቴሩ ከአንድም ሁለት ጊዜ፣ በመገናኛ ብዙኀን፣ ከዚያም ኤጀንሲው ከተቋቋመ በኋላ በተለያየ ጊዜ ሕጉ እንዲሻሻል፣ አሁንም ደንቦቹ ከወጡ በኋላ እንደዚሁ የተለያዩ ውይይቶችን ስናደርግ ቆይተናል፡፡ ሕጉ ከፀደቀና ሥራ ላይ ከዋለም በኋላ በአንድ በኩል ለአባሎቻችንና አጠቃላይ ለሲቪል ማህበረሰቡና ለሌሎች አጋሮቻችን በተለይ ፓኔ ግንዛቤዎችን በየክልሉም ጭምር ሲፈጥር ነበር፡፡ ‹‹በሕግ ማዕቀፉ እንዴት መሥራት ይችላል፤ አጋርነት በተመለከተ ምን ማድረግ ይኖርብናል፤ የአቅም ጉድለት ያለው የቱ ጋር ነው፤ ይህንን የአቅም ችግር እንዴት መገንባት አለብን›› በሚሉትና በመሰል ጉዳዩች ላይ በክልልም ጭምር ግንዛቤ ስንፈጥር ነበር። ግንዛቤውን ለመፍጠር ከራዲዮ ፋና እንዲሁም ከኤጀንሲው ጋር በመተባበር በሁሉም ክልሎች ለአንድ ዓመት የዘለቀ የራዲዮ ፕሮግራም ስናካሂድ ነበር፡፡

አንዱና ዋናው በተለያዩ በሕጉ ዙሪያ ባሉ ጉዳዩች ላይ ተከታታይ የሆኑ የውይይት መድረኮችን ከሲቪል ማህበረሰቡ ተወካዩች ጋር ማዘጋጀት አለበት፡፡

በግብረ ኃይሉ በኩል የተለያዩ ፕሮፖዛሎችን በማዘጋጀትና ከለጋሾች የተለያዩ ድጋፎችን በማግኘት በሕጉ ምክንያት ምንአልባት የተጎዱ ድርጅቶች ካሉ እነሱን ለማጠናከር ‹‹Adaptation Facility 1›› ‹‹ Adaptation Facility 2›› እያልን የሠራናቸው ብዙ ሥራዎች አሉ። ከተለያዩ ኔትወርኮችና ለጋሽ ድርጅቶች የተለያዩ ስልጠናዎችን ሠጥተናል፡፡ አሁንም ደንቡ እንዲሻሻል ጥረት እያደረግን ነው፡፡ በሌላ በኩል ደግሞ አዳፕቴሽኑን በፊት እንደሠራነው ለመስራት ከለጋሾች ድጋፍ አግኝተን ከደንቡ አፈፃፀም ጋር በተያያዘ የሚጎዱ ኔትወርኮች፤ ወይም የተናጥል ድርጅቶች ካሉ እንዴት አርገው ራሳቸውን አስተካክለው ከዓላማዎቻቸው ሳይደናቀፉ እየሠሩ መቀጠል ይችላሉ በሚል እየተንቀሳቀስን ነው፡፡ ይህ ግብረ ኃይል ያስፈለገበት ዋና ዓላማ የሲቪል ማህበረሰቡን ድምፅ በአንድ ላይ አሰባስቦ ከመንግስትና ከለጋሾች ጋር ለማገናኘት የሚችል ተቋም ባለመኖሩ ነው፡፡ ኔትወርኮችም ቢኖሩ አስተዋፅዋቸው ለተቋቋሙበት ዓላማ ነው፡፡ የሁሉንም ሲቪል ማኅበረሰቦች፤ ኔትወርኮች በገፅ 18 ይቀጥላል ...

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‹መቀጨጭ› ስውሩ ረሃብ

ሊታከምም ሊብስም እንደሚችል ጥናቶቹ ይጠቁማሉ። እስከ 5 ዓመታቸው በተገቢው የስነ ምግብ ስርዓት ውስጥ የሚያልፉ ሕፃናት ሁሉ ከ‹‹መቀጨጭ›› አደጋ ያመልጣሉ፤ መቀጨጭ ከሚያመጣቸው አስከፊ የህይወት ዘመን ጉዳቶች ይተርፋሉ፡ ፡ በተለይም የመጀመሪያዎቹ ሁለት ዓመታት ለህፃናት የአካልና የአዕምሮ ዕድገት ዋሳኝ መሆናቸውን ጥናቶቹ አረጋግጠዋል፡፡

ዶ/ር ተወልደ ብርሃን‹‹ይመግቡ፣ ይንከባከቡ፣ ይደጉ›› በሚል የመሪ ቃል የሚመራ፣ በዋናነት በህፃናትና በልጆች አመጋገብ ዙሪያ የሚሠራ ፕሮጀክት (በኢትዮጵያ) ዋና ዳይሬክተር ናቸው። አላይቭ ኤንድ ትራይቭ ኢትዮጵያ (alive and thrive Ethiopia) የፕሮጀክቱ መጠሪያ ነው፡ ፡ የአሜሪካው ቢሊየነር ቢል-ጌትስ እና የባለቤታቸው ሜሊንዳ በሆነው ተቋም የገንዘብ ድጋፍ የሚደረግለት ይህ ፕሮጀክት ከተሰጡት አምስት የሥራ ዓመታት ሁለቱን አጠናቋል፡፡ ‹‹መቀጨጭ›› ‹በተለይ መክሳት፣ መታመም፣ አካል መጉደል፣ መሞት ወዘተ….እንደሚባሉት ሁሉ ‹‹መቀጨጭ››ም አንዱ የስነምግብ እጥረት መገለጫ ነው፡፡ ልክ ቁርጡ እንደታወቀለት በሽታ በቀጥታ አልጋ አስይዞ አያስተኛም፣ በመርፌ፣ በኪኒን አይፈወስም፣ የሚገል በሽታም አይደለም፡፡ ይልቅስ ተፈጥሮ የሰጠችንን ቁመትና ክብደት በመቀነስ ዕድገታችንን ያጫጫዋል፣ አዕምሯዊ አቅማችንን ገድቦ የበለጠ የመፍጠር፣ የመመራመርና የማምረት ጉልበታችንን ይቀብረዋል፣ በሽታ የመከላከል አቅማችንን ያንኮታኩተዋል፡፡ መለያዎቹ እነዚህ ብቻ ግን አይደሉም። ‹‹መቀጨጭ››ን ከረሃብ የከፋ አደገኛ የሃገር ጠላት ያሰኙት በግልፅ የሚታይ አለመሆኑ ነው፡፡ እነ ዶ/ር ተወልደ ብርሃን ‹‹ሰውሩ ረሃብ›› የሚሉት ለዚህ ነው፡፡ ዶ/ር ተወልደ ብርሃን ‹‹ልጄ ቁመቱ አጠረብኝ ብላ ሀኪም ቤት የምትወስድ እናት አለች?፡፡ ብለው ይጠይቃሉ፡፡ የምርም የለችም፡፡ የአብዛኛዎቹ ኢትዮጵያዊያን ወላጆች መስፈርት ልጅ አጠረም ቀጠነ፣ ፋፋም ጫጨም ብቻ ከሳቀ፣ ከቦረቀ ጤነኛ ነው፡፡ ይህ ሃገራዊ አስተሳሰብ ‹‹መቀጨጭ››ን ለዘመናት እንደችግር ሳይታይ እንዲቆይ አስችሎታል፡፡ የጉዳቱ መጠን እንዳይለካ፣ የመፍትሄ እርምጃዎች እንዳይወሰዱ አድርጓል። ዶክተር ተወልደ ‹‹መቀጨጭ ማለት በአዕምሮና በአካል የመተግበር አቅም ማነስ ማለት ነው›› በማለት በአጭሩ ያስቀምጡታል፡፡

ምንድነው?

ጥር 2004

ሙሐዝ

ቅፅ 1 ቁጥር 2

ለኔ እንደታ

ዶ/ር ተወልደ ብርሃን ተገቢ የስነ ምግብ ሥርዓትን አንድ ህፃን እስከ 6 ወር ያለተጨማሪ ምግብ የእናት ጡት ወተት ካገኘ፤ እስከ ሁለት ዓመት ደግሞ ከሦስቱ የምግብ ክፍሎች ማለትም ከበሽታ ተከላካይ (አትክልትና ፍራፍሬ)፣ ከሃይል ሰጪ (ዘይት ቅቤና የእህል ዘሮች) እና ከገንቢ (የእንስሳት ተዋጽኦ እና ጥራጥሬ) ያሟላ ማለት ነው ሲሉ በአጭሩ ይገልፁታል፡፡

የሀገራችን እውነታዎች

በሆነ የስነ-ምግብ ስርዓት ውስጥ ካለፉ ዕድገታቸው ተመሳሳይ ነው፡፡ የዘር፣ የባህልና የሌሎች ተፅዕኖ መታየት የሚጀምረው ከዚያ በኋላ ነው፡፡›› ሁለተኛው ጥናት ደግሞ ከአምስት ዓመት በታች ስላለው የሰው ልጅ የቁመት መጠን እና የስነ ምግብ ስርዓት ቁርኝት ቁልፍ መረጃ ይሰጣል፡፡ ጥናቱ ከአምስት ዓመት በታች ያለውን ዕድሜ በሦስት ደረጃዎች ይከፍለዋል፡ ፡ ከ0-24 ወር፣ ከ25 እስከ 36 ወር እና ከ37 እስከ 59 ወራት በማለት ህፃናት በእነዚህ የዕድሜ እርከኖቻቸው ውስጥ የተመጣጠነ ምግብ ካላገኙ የሚያመጡትን የቁመት መጠን በዚህ መልኩ አስቀመጠ፡ከ 0 እስከ 24 ወር ከ25 እስከ 36 ወር

11 ሴ.ሜ 1

3.3 ሴ.ሜ

አለማቀፋዊ ጥናቶች

ከ37 እስከ 59 ወር - 16.5 ሴ.ሜ ያህል ቁመት የመጨመር ዕድላቸውን ያጣሉ፡፡

የዓለማችንን አህጉራት በሙሉ ያጠቃለለው የመጀመሪያው ጥናት ‹‹የቁመትና የክብደትን ነገር ከዘር ከአመጋገብና ከዕድሜ ጋር ያለውን ተያያዥነት ነው፡፡ ከተለያየ ዘር፣ አካባቢና ባህል በተወሰዱ ማሳያዎች የተደገፈው ይህ ጥናት ‹‹ከአምስት ዓመት በታች ያሉ ህፃናት ተገቢ

እንደ ስነ-ምግብ ባለሙያዎች እምነት እነዚህ ሁለት ጥናቶች በጥቅሉ ከ 5 ዓመት በታች ያለው የሰው ልጅ የስነምግብ ሥርዓት ለዘላቂ ዕድገት ያለውን ሚና ያሳያል፡፡ ስለዚህ ‹‹መቀጨጭ›› ብለን የተስማማንበት አደገኛ በሽታም በዚሁ የዕድሜ ምዕራፍ ውስጥ

በ2000፣ በ2005 እና በ2010/11 ዓ.ም የተደረጉት ጥናቶች መሠረት ከ 5 ዓመት በታች ከሆኑ ኢትዮጵያዊ ህፃናት 44 በመቶ ቀጭጨዋል (stunted) ሙሉ አካላዊና አዕምሯዊ አቅማቸውን እንዳይጠቀሙ የተገደቡ ሆነዋል ማለት ነው፡፡ ዛሬ ሀገሪቱ ለትምህርት የደረሱ ህፃናት ወደ ት/ቤት በመላክ ሽፋን ወደ 95 ከመቶ እንደደረሰች ይፋ በሆነበት ጊዜ 44% የቀጨጩ ሕፃናት ከተማሪዎቹ መሀል ይገኙበታል፡፡ የሄ ስለ ‹‹ስውሩ ረሃብ›› ሥር መስደድ ሁነኛ ማስረጃ ይሆናል፡፡ እንደዶ/ር ተወልደ ብርሃን ገለፃ ሀገሪቱ ላለፉት 10 እና 15 ዓመታት በየዘርፉ ከምታሳያቸው ዕድገቶች አኳያ የስነ-ምግብ ሥርዓቱ ችግር ከዚህ በላይ መቀረፍ ነበረበት፡ ፡ መከላከልን መሠረት ያደረገው የሀገሪቱ የጤና ፖሊሲ ይፋ ከተደረገ ከ 13 ዓመታት በኋላ ነው የብሄራዊ የስነ ምግብ ስትራቴጂ እና የስነ ምግብ ፕሮግራሞች የተቀረፁት፡፡ በእነዚህ ጊዜያት ሁሉ ‹መቀጨጭ› ተዘንግቶ ነበር፡፡ ይህ ከድህነት ለመውጣትና በተለያዩ የልማት ዘርፎች አመርቂ ውጤት ለማምጣት ለምትለፋ ሀገር ደግሞ አጋዥ አካሄድ አይደለም፡፡ ሀገራችን የስነ-ምግብ እጥረት መንስኤዎች ተብለው ከሚቀመጡት ሦስት ዋናዋና ነጥቦች ምርታማነት፣ አቅርቦት እና አጠቃቀም የሚባሉት በገፅ 14 ይቀጥላል ...

| 11

ቅፅ 1 ቁጥር 2

ጥር 2004

ሙሐዝ

ም ሳ ሌ ት

በራስ ተነሳሽነት በበጎ አድራጎት ሥራ ላይ የተሰማሩ ግለሰቦች በጎ ሥራ የሚዳሰስበት ዓምድ ነው

ቅንነት የወለደው በጎ ተግባር

ደረጃ አንድ የግንባታ ድርጅቶች መካከል በግንባር ቀደምነት የሚጠራውን ‹‹ሰንሻይን ኮንስትራክሽን›› ከባለቤታቸው ከወ/ሮ ፈትለወርቅ ኢላላ ጋር በመሆን በ1986 ዓ.ም አቋቁመው በመሥራት ላይ ይገኛሉ፡፡ በ500 መቶ ብር የተወለደው ራዕያቸው አሁን በብዙ ቢሊየኖች እየተንቀሳቀሰና ለብዙ ሺዎች መተዳደሪያና አለኝታ ሆኖ ይገኛል፡፡

አቶ ሳሙኤል ታፈሠ ማን ናቸው? አቶ ሳሙኤል ተወልደው ያደጉት በመዲናችን አዲስ አበባ ልዩ ስሙ ‹‹ቂርቆስ›› በተባለው አካባቢ ሲሆን ለቤተሠባቸው የመጀመሪያ ልጅ ናቸው። አቶ ሳሙኤል አሁን የደረሱበትን ደረጃ ለተመለከተ ሰው ከአያት ከቅድመ አያት ሲወርድ ሲዋረድ በመጣ ንብረት የበለፀጉ ሊመስለው ይችላል፡፡ እውነታው ግን ሌላ ነው፡፡ አቶ ሳሙኤል ከአባታቸው የወረሱት ሀብት ገንዘብ፣ ወርቅ፣ ቤት ወይም መኪና አይደለም፤ ይልቁንም ለዛሬው የሥራ አቅጣጫቸው እርሾ የሆነ የቀለም ቅብ ሙያን እንጂ፡፡ አባታቸው አቶ ታፈሰ ፍልውሃዎች አስተዳደር ድርጅት በቀለም ቀቢነት ሙያ ተቀጥረው ይሠሩ በነበረበት ወቅት አቶ ሳሙኤል ደግሞ በብላቴንነት ዕድሜአቸው ከትምህርታቸው ጎን ለጎን ከአባታቸው ጋር በመዋልና አባታቸውን ሥራ በማገዝ ልምድ ይቀስሙ ነበር። አልፎ አልፎም ጥቃቅን ሸቀጦችን በመነገድ የቤተሠባቸውን ገቢ ለመደጎም ደፋ ቀና ማለታቸውም አልቀረም፡፡ አቶ ሳሙኤል ገና በለጋ ዕድሜአቸው ጥሩ ሥራ በመሥራት የተሻለ ደረጃ ላይ የመድረስ ራዕይ ነበራቸው፡፡ የሁለተኛ ደረጃ ትምህርታቸውን እንዳጠናቀቁ አባታቸው ጡረታ በመውጣታቸው የቤተሠቡ የበኩር ልጅ በመሆናቸው ኃላፊነቱ ወደእሳቸው በማጋደሉ ከልጅነታቸው ጀምሮ የሥራ ፍቅርና የሙያተኛነት ስሜት ፋታ የማይሰጣቸው አቶ ሳሙኤል ከአባታቸው በቀሰሙት ወርቃማ ሙያ ፈቃድ አውጥተው የህይወት መሥመራቸውን አሀዱ ብለው ለመጀመር ፈቃድ ለማውጣት አሰቡ። በወቅቱ ፈቃድ ለማውጣት ደግሞ በባንክ የተቀመጠ አስር ሺህ ብር ማሳየት የግድ ስለነበር ለሳቸው ትልቅ ፈተና ሆነባቸው፡፡ ምክንያቱም በወቅቱ እሳቸው የቋጠሯት ጥሪት ከ500 መቶ ብር የዘለለች አልነበረችም፡፡ ለመቼም ‹‹ደፋርና ጭስ መውጫ አያጣም›› እንደሚባለው ያንን አስር ሺ ብር የሚያሳይላቸው ወዳጅ በማፈላለግ በ1976 ዓ.ም ደረጃ 9 የግንባታ ፍቃድ አውጥተው የሥራቸውን ምዕራፍ ያረጁና የተበላሹ ቤቶችን በማደስ እና ቀለም በመቀባት አንድ ብለው ጀመሩ፡፡ አቶ ሳሙኤል ታፈሰ የመጀመሪያ የግንባታ ፈቃዳቸውን ባወጡ በአስረኛ ዓመታቸው በአገራችን አሉ ከሚባሉት

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የአቶ ሳሙኤል የበጎ አድራጎት ተግባር አቶ ሳሙኤል ከሥራቸው ባሻገር የሰንሻይን ኮንስትራክሽን በጎ አድራጎት ፋውንዴሽን በመመሠረት የበጎ ፈቃድ ሥራዎችን እያከናወኑ ይገኛሉ፡፡ አቶ ሳሙኤል ለሥራ ትጉህ እንደሆኑ ሁሉ ለበጎ አድራጎት ተግባርም እንዲሁ የተጉ ናቸው፡፡ ለዚሁም ያቋቋሙት ፋውንዴሽን አቢይ ምስክር ነው፡፡ ፋውንዴሽኑ ሕጋዊ ፈቃድ አግኝቶ የተጀመረው በ2002 ዓ.ም ነው፡፡ ይሁን እንጂ ቀደም ሲል ጀምሮ ከተለያዩ ኮንስትራክሽኖች ጋር በተያያዘ በተለያዩ ክልሎች የተለያዩ የበጎ አድራጎትና ማህበራዊ ተግባሮችን ሲያከናውን ቆይቷል፡፡ ለምሳሌ ክሊኒኮች፣ የውሃ ጉድጓዶች፣ ስታዲየሞች፣ የሐይማኖት ተቋማት…ወዘተ በዋናነት ሊጠቀሱ የሚችሉ ተግባራት ናቸው፡፡ ይሄ ወገንን የመርዳትና በጎ ሥራ እያደገ መጥቶ በተለይ በኤች አይ ቪ ኤድስ ሳቢያ ወላጅ አልባ የሆኑ ልጆች ችግር፣ ጧሪ አልባ የሆኑ አረጋዊያን ጉስቁልና፣ ወዘተ ዘወትር የሚያሳዝናቸው አቶ ሳሙኤል ከቤተሰቦቻቸው ጋር በመምከር ቋሚነት ያለውና መሠረታዊ ለውጥ ሊያመጣ

ሙሐዝ ጥር 2004

የሚችል በጎ ተግባር ለማከናወን የሚያስችላቸውን ፋውንዴሽኑን ለመመሥረት በቅተዋል፡፡

ቅፅ 1 ቁጥር 2

ፋውንዴሽኑ በሁለት ዋና ዋና ማህበራዊ ጉዳዮች ላይ ያተኩራል፡ ፡ የመጀመሪያው በኤድስ ሳቢያ ወላጆቻቸውን ያጡ፣ እንዲሁም በጣም የችግረኛ ልጆች የሆኑ ተማሪዎችን ትኩረት ያደረገ ተግባር ሲሆን፣ ሁለተኛው ደግሞ ጧሪና ደጋፊ ያጡና ለልመና የተዳረጉ አረጋውያንን ማዕከል ያደረገ ነው፡፡ ከዚህ አንፃር ፋውንዴሽኑ በኦሮሚያ፣ በትግራይ፣ በአማራና በደቡብ ብሄር ብሄረሰቦች ሕዝቦች ክልሎች የተለያዩ ተግባራዊ እንቅስቃሴዎች አድርጓል፡፡ በኦሮሚያ ክልል በነቀምት ከተማ በአምስት ሚሊዮን ብር ደረጃውን የጠበቀ ትምህርት ቤት ተገንብቶ አገልግሎት ላይ እንዲውል ተደርጓል፡፡ በዚህም 300 ችግረኛና ወላጅ አልባ ሕጻናት የመማሪያ ግብአት ተሟልቶላቸው፣ ዩኒፎርም ተስፍቶላቸው፣ በየወሩ ለእያንዳንዳቸው 150 ብር የኪስ ገንዘብ እየተሠጣቸው ትምህርታቸውን በተረጋጋ ሁኔታ እንዲከታተሉ ተደረጓል፡፡ በተመሣሣይ መልኩ በትግራይ ክልል በአክሱም ከተማ በሰባት ሚሊዮን ብር ውጪ ተገንብቶና በ2003 ዓ.ም ተመርቆ የተከፈተው የሰንሻይን የበጎ አድራጎት ት/ቤት ለበርካታ ህጻናት አገልግሎት እየሠጠ ይገኛል፡፡ በአቶ ሳሙኤልና በቤተሰቦቻቸው የተቋቋመው ይህ ፋውንዴሽን የተጠቀሱትን ትምህርት ቤቶች ለማስገንባትና የትምህርት ግብአቶችን ለማሟላት በአጠቃላይ 12 ሚሊዮን ብር ወጪ አድርጓል፡ ፡ ከዚህም በተጨማሪ ለተማሪዎቹ እየተደረገ ያለውን ድጋፍ ሳያካትት በየወሩ ለእያንዳንዱ ትምህርት ቤት አንድ መቶ ሺህ ብር በመመደብ የመማር ማስተማር ሂደቱ ውጤታማ እንዲሆን ጥረት በማድረግ ላይ ይገኛል፡፡ በደቡብና በአማራ ክልሎች በ15 ሚሊዮን ብር ሊገነቡ የታቀዱት ትምህርት ቤቶች በቅርቡ ተጠናቀው ለአገልግሎት የሚበቁ ሲሆን፣ በተለይ በደቡብ ክልል በጉራጌ ዞን በአገና ከተማ 200 ተመላላሽና 200 አዳሪ ችግርተኛ ህጻናትን ተቀብሎ ሊያስተናግድ የሚችል ትምህርት ቤት በ9 ሚሊዮን ብር ወጪ እየተገነባ ነው። ከዚህ በተጨማሪ በችግር ውስጥ ያሉና ደጋፊ ያጡ አረጋውያንን ለመደገፍ በአዲስ አበባ ከተማ ሁለት የተለያዩ ቦታዎች የጧሪ አልባ አረጋውያን መንከባከቢያና መጦሪያ መንደር በፋውንዴሽኑ አማካኝነት ለመገንባት በማቀድ እንቅስቃሴ በመድረግ ላይ ይገኛል፡፡ ‹‹ከተቻለ በአምስት ዓመት ውስጥ ልመናን ማጥፋት፤ ድህነትንም መቀነስ ነው›› የሚል ራእይ አንግቦ የሚንቀሳቀሰው የሰንሻይን በጎ አድራጎት ፋውንዴሽን ላይ የተገለፁትንና ሌሎች እጅግ በርካታ የበጎ አድራጎት ተግባራትን አከናውኗል፤ በማከናወን ላይም ይገኛል፡፡ ይህ ሁሉ ተግባር የሚከናወንበት ገንዘብ የሚመጣው ከለጋሽ ድርጅቶች ወይም ከለጋሽ አገራት አይደለም፤ ከራሱ ከሰንሻይን ድርጅት ገቢ በመቀነስ እንጂ! እንዲህ አይነቱ ተግባር ይበል የሚሰኝ ነው፡ ፡ ማንኛውም ኢትዮጵያዊ በሚችለው አቅም በጎ ምግባርን ልማዱ ቢያደርግ መልካም ነው እላለሁ፡፡

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ቅፅ 1 ቁጥር 2

ጥር 2004

ሙሐዝ

‹መቀጨጭ› ከገፅ 11 የቀጠለ

...

ናቸው፡፡ ከእነዚህ መሠረታዊ ነጥቦች አኳያ ስትመዘንም በመጀመሪያዎቹ ሁለቱ ኢትዮጵያ ጥሩ ደረጃ ላይ የምትገኝ ሀገር ናት፡፡ በአጠቃቀሙ ዙሪያ ግን ሰፋፊ ሥራዎችን መሥራት ይጠበቃል፡፡ አለበለዚያ አብዛኛዎቹን የስነ ምግብ እጥረት ጉዳቶችን መከላከል አዳጋች ይሆናል፡፡ በምግብ አጠቃቀም ዙሪያ መሥራት ውጤቱም ቶሎ ቶሎ የሚታይ ጥቅሙ ሁለንተናዊ ነው፡፡ ሕብረተሰቡ ስለ ስነ-ምግብ ስርዓት ዕውቀት እንዲኖረውና ልጆቹን በጤና እንዲያሳድግ በርካታ የግንዛቤ ሥራዎች መሠራት አለባቸው፡፡

‹‹አንገር ወተት ለሕፃናት ጤና ጥሩ አይደለም›› እያሉ መድፋት፣ እንቁላል ሸጦ ለልጅ ብስኩት መግዛት፣ ‹‹የልጅ ጨጓራ ሥጋ አይችልም›› ብሎ ከውሃ የቀጠነ አጥሚት ልጅን ሲግቱ መዋል አሁንም ያሉ የኢትዮጵያዊያን የስነምግብ እውነቶች ናቸው፡፡ እነዚህና መሰል አካሄዶች በግንዛቤ ትምህርት ካልተነቀሱ የ‹‹መቀጨጭን›› ብሄራዊ ችግር መፍታት አይቻልም፡፡

‹‹ይመግቡ፣ ይንከባከቡ፣ ይደጉ!›› (Alive and Thrive Ethiopia) ዶ/ር ተወልደ ብርሃን የ‹‹alive and thrive Ethiopia››ን አቋቋም ሲያስረዱ እስከዛሬ በስነ-ምግብ እጥረት የተጠቁትን የምናክምበትና ችግሩን የምንከላከልበት መንገድ አርኪ ባለመሆኑ እና ቀደም ሲል ከተጠቀሱት ሁለት ጥናቶች በመነሳት ‹‹ፕሮጀክታችን›› ሥራውን ጀምሯል ይላሉ፡፡

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በስነምግብ ሥርዓቱ ዙሪያ የባህርይ ለውጥ እንዲመጣ በተለይም ከሁለት ዓመት በታች ያሉ ሕፃናት በተገቢው የስነምግብ ሥርዓት ውስጥ አልፈው ጤናማ ዜጋ እንዲሆኑ ይሠራል፡፡ በአራት የሀገራችን ክልሎች ውስጥ በዘረጋቸው ሕብረተሰብ ተኮር ፕሮግራሞችም እናቶች ልጆቻቸውን እስከ ስድስት ወር የእናት ጡት ወተት ብቻ እንዲያጠጡ ከ6 እስከ 24 ወራት ባሉት ጊዜያት ውስጥ ደግሞ የተመጣጠነ ምግብ እንዲመገግቧቸው ያስተምራል፡፡ በሕፃናት አመጋገብ ዙሪያ ያሉ እንቅፋቶችን እየለየ ከተገቢው ፖሊሲ ጋር በማዋሀድና ሕዝቡን በማስተማር ለመቅረፍ ይተጋል፡፡ የገጽ ለገጽ የምክክር አገልግሎቶችን በመስጠት ከመንግስት ከግልና ከበጎ አድራጎት ተቋማት ከማህበረሰብ ተወካዮች እና ከሃይማኖታዊ ተቋማት ጋር አጋርነት በመፍጠር የሕፃናትና የልጆችን የስነምግብ ሥርዓት ጤናማ የማድረግ ዓላማ አለው፡፡

ተስፋዎች ዶ/ር ተወልደ ይህንን አሳሳቢ ችግር ለመቅረፍ ሀገሪቱ የምታደርጋቸውን እንቅስቃሴዎች በተለይ እ.ኤ.አ ከ2008 ወዲህ በልዩ አድናቆት እንደሚመለከቱት ይናገራሉ፡፡ ‹‹ሀገራዊ የስነ-ምግብ ስትራቴጂና ፕሮግራሞች ተቀርፀው ወደ ተግባር መገባቱ ከሁሉ በላይ ሊመሰገን የሚገባው ሀገራዊ ለውጥ ነው››፡፡ በስትራቴጂዎቹና በፕሮግራሞቹ ዙሪያ ያሉ ችግሮችን ለመለየትና መፍትሄ ለማስቀመጥ በሚደረጉ ጥረቶችም መንግስትን ያመሰግናሉ፡፡ ለምሣሌ ባለፈው ዓመት አዲስ አበባ ውስጥ የተካሄደው ጉባኤ ‹‹መቀጨጭን›› ለመቀነስ ፍጥነት እንደሚያስፈልግና እስከ አሁን የተጓዝንበት መንገድ አዝጋሚ እንደሆነ ያሳየን በመሆኑ ሀገሪቱ በጉዳዩ ዙሪያ ምን ያህል ለመሥራት ዝግጁ እንደሆነች ያሳየ ነበር፡፡ የስነ-ምግብ ሥርዓት ጤናማነት በአንድ ዘርፍ ብቻ በሚደረግ ርብርብ ውጤታማ አይሆንም ይላሉ፡፡ ሌላው ተስፋ በዘርፉ የሚንቀሳቀሱ አጋር ድርጅቶች እየበረከቱ መምጣታቸው ነው፡፡ በቅርቡ የአሜሪካ የዕርዳታና የልማት ድርጅት USAID እና የካናዳው CIDA or ወደስነ-ምግቡ ጎራ ተቀላቅለው ትልልቅ ሥራዎችን ሊያከናውኑ እንደሆነ በሃሣብ ደረጃ ሰምተናል፡፡

ችግሮች በስነምግብ ዙሪያ ኢትዮጵያ ውስጥ ለሚሠሩ ድርጅቶች የመጀመሪያው ፈተና ስለጉዳዩ ያለው የግንዛቤ አናሳነት ነው፡፡ የመብላት፣ የመጠጣት (በአይነትም በመጠንም) ዕድሉ እያለ አጠቃቀሙን ያለማወቁ ችግሩን ሥር እንዲሰድ አድርጎታል፡፡ ይሄንን ለመለወጥ የሚደረገውን ሂደት ፈጣንም አዝጋሚም የሚያደርገው ደግሞ አቀባበል ነው፡፡ ነገር ግን ከሁሉም በላይ በቅድሚያ መታየት ያለበት ችግር ለ‹‹መቀጨጭ›› (stunting) በመንግስት ደረጃ የተሰጠው ዕውቅና ነው፡፡ ያንሳል በጣም ያንሳል፡፡ የሀገሪቱን ፖሊሲዎች በሚነድፉት ዘንድ ችግሩ እውቅና ሊሰጠው ይገባል፡፡ ልክ የሕልውናችን መሠረቶች እንደምንላቸው የኢኮኖሚ አውታሮች ሁሉ ይሄም ጉዳይ ትኩረት ካልተሰጠው ውጤቱ ቶሎ አይመጣም፡፡ ትውልድ ገዳይ፣ ምርታማነትን የሚቀንስ ልማቱን የሚያጓትት ችግር መሆኑ መታወቅና በዚያው ፍጥነት መሮጥ አለበት ይላሉ ዶክተር ተወልደ ብርሃን፡፡

ከገፅ 5 የቀጠለ

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አስተዋጽኦ ከፍተኛ ትርጉም የሚሰጠው ነው፡፡ ኒዮ ሊበራል ግሎባላይዜሽንን ከመቃወም አንስቶ በኢራቅ ጦርነት ላይ ዓለም አቀፍ አስተያየትን ለመቅረጽ ፎረሙ ከፍተኛ አስተዋፅኦ አበርክቷል፤ ይህንንም ማድረግ የተቻለው በፎረሙ አቋም ከመያዝ ይልቅ ለፀረ-ጦርነት ኃይሎች መገናኛ መድረክ በመሆኑ ነበር፡፡ እነዚህና ሌሎች ኒዮ ሊበራል ግሎባላይዜሽንን ሲቃወሙ የቆዩ አካላት በራሳቸው መድረክ ተገናኝተው ጦርነቱና ወታደራዊ አዝማሚያ የኢኮኖሚ ግሎባላይዜሽን መሣሪያዎች በመሆናቸው ዙሪያ ሁለንተኛዊ አረዳድ ለመፍጠር የቻሉበት መቼትም ነበር፡፡ በገሃድ እንደታየው ‹‹ወርልድ ኢኮኖሚክ ፎረም›› እ.ኤ.አ. ከ2005 ዓ.ም. ጀምሮ የልማትና ድህነት ጉዳዮችን ወደማዕከላዊ አጀንዳው አካቷል፤ ይህ የሆነው ‹‹ወርልድ ሶሻል ፎረም››ን ከተመሰረተ ከአራት ዓመታት በኋላ ነበር፡፡ አንዳንዶች ‹‹አዲሱ የዳቮስ አጀንዳ የወርልድ ሶሻል ፎረም ድል ይሆን?›› ብለው ይጠይቃሉ፡፡ ከዚህም አልፈው ‹‹የፀረ-ግሎባላይዜሽን ንቅናቄዎች ቀጥተኛ ተጽእኖ ግልፅ አይሁን እንጂ አቋማቸው ዓለም አቀፉን አጀንዳ ትርጉም ባለው ደረጃ - ምንአልባትም በቀጥታ - የመጫን አቅም አለው፡፡›› ወደሚል ድምዳሜ ይደርሳሉ፡፡ በሌላ በኩል የንቅናቄውን ‹ስኬቶች› በጥርጣሬ የሚመለከቱ ወገኖችም አሉ፡፡ በግልፅ የሚታዩ ድክመቶቹንም በመጥቀስ ንቅናቄው ‹‹እየተዳከመ የመጣና ወደውድቀት በማምራት ላይ የሚገኝ›› እንደሆነ ይሞግታሉ፡፡ ከዚህ አንፃር ከሚጠቀሱት ድክመቶች ውስጥ በየዓመቱ በሚካሄዱ ተከታታይ ስብሰባዎች እንደታየው ‹‹ተመሣሣይ ክርክርና ውዝግብ ከመደጋገም›› የውሃ-ቅዳ፣ ውሃ መልስ ዑደት መውጣት አለመቻሉ አንዱ ነው። የንቅናቄው ጥብቅ አቀንቃኞችም ቢሆኑ ‹‹ፎረሙ ትርጉም ያለውና ወጥ ክርክር ሊካሄድበት የማይችል እየሆነ መጥቷል›› በሚል ሲያማርሩ ይሰማሉ፡፡ የፎረሙን ውጤታማነት ለመገምገም የሞከሩ ሃያሲያን በበኩላቸው ይህ ነው የሚባል የድርጊት መርሃግብር ማፍለቅ አለመቻሉን በአንክሮ ይተቻሉ። ‹‹ማንኛውም የሃሳብ ልውውጥና ትንታኔ ወደ ድርጊት ማምራቱ የግድ ነው›› ፎረሙ ይህንን አላደረገም በማለትም ክርክራቸውን ያቀርባሉ፡፡ በእነዚህ ታዛቢዎች አባባል ‹‹ወርልድ ሶሻል ፎረም›› ተጨባጭ የድርጊት ሃሳብ እስካለቀረበ ድረስ ሌላ ዓይነት ዓለም እንዲፈጠር የሚያሰማው ጥሪ በምኞትነት ይቀራል፡፡ በ‹‹ወርልድ

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ፎረም››

ላይ

‹‹ወርልድ ሶሻል ፎረም›› በዓለም ዙሪያ አስተሳሰብን ከመቅረጽ አኳያም ያበረከተው አስተዋጽኦ ከፍተኛ ትርጉም የሚሰጠው ነው፡፡ ‹‹ከመነሻው ኒዮ ሊበራል ግሎባላይዜሽንን ከመቃወም አንስቶ በኢራቅ ጦርነት ላይ ዓለም አቀፍ አስተያየትን ለመቅረጽ ፎረሙ ከፍተኛ አስተዋፅኦ አበርክቷል፤ ይህንንም ማድረግ የተቻለው በፎረሙ አቋም ከመያዝ ይልቅ ለፀረ-ጦርነት ኃይሎች መገናኛ መድረክ በመሆኑ ነበር...

ቅፅ 1 ቁጥር 2

ስለ ‹‹ወርልድ ሶሻል ፎረም››

ጥር 2004

ሙሐዝ

የሚቀርበው ሌላው ትችት የድሆችን ሕዝባዊ ንቅናቄዎች በመያዶች የመተካት አዝማሚያ መያዙ ነው። ‹‹እንደአፍሪካ ባሉት ድህነት በተንሰራፋባቸው የዓለም ክፍሎች የሚገኙ ድሃ የህብረተሰብ ክፍሎች ንቅናቄዎች ከፎረሙ ከሞላ ጎደል ሙሉ በሙሉ ሊባል በሚችል ደረጃ ተገልለናል የሚል ስሞታ አሰምተዋል፤ እንደኬንያና ደቡብ አፍሪካ ባሉ አገራትም በፎረሙ ላይ የአፍሪካን ውክልና የሚወስኑና የተቆጣጠሩ በለጋሾች የገንዘብ ድጋፍ የሚንቀሳቀሱ መያዶችን በመቃወም ተነስተዋል፡፡ በተጨማሪም መያዶች በፎረሙ ለመሳተፍና ተፅዕኖ ለማሳደር ከማህበረሰብ ንቅናቄዎች ጋር ውድድር መግባታቸውም በመከራከሪያነት ቀርቧል፡፡›› ለዚህም እ.ኤ.አ. በናይሮቢ - ኬንያ የተካሄደውን ፎረም ታዛቢዎች በአብነት ይጠቅሳሉ፡፡ የ2007ቱ ‹‹ወርልድ ሶሻል ፎረም›› ከተሳታፊ መያዶች ቁጥር በመነሳትና ይበልጥ ኢ-መደበኛ የሆኑ ቡድኖችን ማጣበባቸውን በመጥቀስ ‹‹የመያዶች አውደ-ርዕይ›› የሚል ትችት ቀርቦበታል፡፡ በተጨማሪም ‹‹ፎረሙ ለሁሉም ተሳታፊዎች ሚዛናዊ ውክልና ከመስጠት ይልቅ ትላልቆቹና የተሻለ ገንዘብ ያላቸው መያዶች ከሌሎች ተሳታፊዎች በእጅጉ የሰፋ የመናገርና መድረክ የመምራት ሚና የተሰጠበት፤ ሌሎች ተሳታፊዎች ግን የተገፉበት ነበር›› የሚል ክስ ቀርቦበታል፡፡ ፎረሙ በአዘጋጅ ድርጅቶች ስብጥር የኢኮኖሚ ደረጃ፣ የዘርና የፆታ ሚዛን ለመጠበቅ እንዳልቻለም ይተቻል፡፡ እርግጥ ነው ‹‹ወርልድ ሶሻል ፎረም በዓለም ዙሪያ ከፍተኛ የተሳታፊ ስብጥር የሚታይበት ዝግጅት ነው፤ ነገር ግን ብዙውን ጊዜ ፎረሙን የሚያዘጋጁት ጥቂት ግለሰቦች ነጮችና ብራዚላውያን ልሂቃን ናቸው››፡፡ በዚህም የተነሳ ፎረሙ ‹‹ዕድሜያቸው በገፋ፣ ከመካከለኛውና ከፍተኛው የህብረተሰብ ክፍል በወጡ፣ በብዛት ነጭ (ወይም በአመለካከት ነጭ) በሆኑ ወንዶች የሚመራ ሂደት ሆኖ ቀርቷል››፡፡ ከእነዚህ ክፍተቶች ባልተናነሰ የ‹‹ወርልድ ኢኮኖሚክ ፎረም›› አዲሱ ገፅታ ለ‹‹ወርልድ ሶሻል ፎረም›› ስጋት የሚፈጥርና የቅቡልነት መሠረቱን ሊያሳጣው የሚችል እንደሆነ አስተያየቶች ቀርበዋል፡፡ እንደእነዚህ ታዛቢዎች አባባል ‹‹የሲቪል ማህበረሰብ ውክልናን አስመልክቶ በተለምዶ ይቀርብ የነበረው ትችት በአዳዲሶቹ የልማት አጀንዳ አቀንቃኞች - ማለትም በብሪታኒያ፣ ፈረንሳይና ጀርመን ርዕሳነ ብሔራት - ዴሞክራሲያዊ ቅቡልነት ምላሽ እያገኘ ሄዷል፡፡ ስለዚህም የ‹‹ወርልድ ሶሻል ፎረም›› ለድሆችና ለተገፉ የህብረተሰብ ክፍሎች የመሟገት ሚና ቅቡልነት አደጋ ላይ ወድቋል፤ መፃኢ እጣውም አጠራጣሪ ሆኗል››፡፡ ከዚያም አልፈው ‹‹የፎረሙ መፈጠር ለግሎባላይዜሽን ድምፅ አልባ ተጠቂዎች መቆም ማስፈለጉ ከሆነ፣ በዴሞክራሲያዊ ሂደት የተመረጡ የአገራት መሪዎች ተመሣሣይ ሚና ሲወስዱ ለፎረሙ ምን ቅቡል ሚና ይቀረዋል?›› የሚል ነጥብም ያነሳሉ፡፡

| 15

ጥር 2004

ሙሐዝ

ድርጅትዎን እንዴት የገመግሙታል? 1ኛ.

ቅፅ 1 ቁጥር 2

ተ.ቁ.

መመዘኛዎች የማቋቋሚያ ሰነድ የመተዳደሪያ ደንብ የታደሰ የምዝገባ ሰርትፍኬት የፕሮጀክት ሰነድ ከ3 እስከ 5 ዓመት ስትራቴጂክ እቅድ ተቋማዊ የሥነ-ምግባር ደንብ የመካከለኛ ጊዜ እቅድ (ከ1 ዓመት በላይ) በራሪ ማስገንዘቢያ (ብሮሸር) የሰው ሃብት ልማት ፖሊሲ የፋይናንስ አስተዳደር ፖሊሲ የንብረት አስተዳደር ፖሊሲ የገቢ/ግብዓት ማሰባሰቢያ ፖሊሲ ዓመታዊ የሂሳብ ምርመራ ዘገባዎች ዓመታዊ የሥራ ክንውን ዘገባዎች የመርሃግብር ግምገማ ዘገባዎች የጥቅም ግጭት ፖሊሲ የሥነ-ምግባር ግድፈትን ለሚያሳውቁ ጥበቃ የሚያደርግ ፖሊሲ ኦፊሴላዊ ደረሰኝና የሂሳብ መመዝገቢያ ሰነዶች

2ኛ. ተ.ቁ.

1 2 3

የለም

አዎ

የለም

በድርጅቱ አመራር የቦርዱ ሚና

መመዘኛዎች ቦርዱ በስትራቴጂክ ዕቅዱ በተቀመጡት ዓላማዎች አንፃር የድርጅቱን አፈፃጸም በየጊዜው ይገመግማል? ቦርዱ ድርጅቱን በበላይነት የመቆጣጠር ሚናውን ለመወጣት የሚያስችል በቂ፣ ዝርዝርና ጊዜውን የጠበቀ መረጃ ያገኛል? ቦርዱ አዲስ አባላት በብቃታቸውና አስፈላጊ ክህሎቶችን መሰረት አድርጎ የሚመረጡበት መደበኛና ግልፅ የሆነ ሥነ-ሥርዓት አለው?

ቦርዱ የራሱን የሥራ አፈፃጸምና የአቅም ግንባታ ፍላጎት በየጊዜው ይገመግማል?

ድርጅቱ በቦርዱ ውይይቶችና ውሳኔዎች ላይ ተጠቃሚዎችን ያሳትፋል?

ቦርዱ የሥራ አስፈፃሚ ዳይሬክተሩን የሚመርጥበት፣ የሚከታተልበትና የሥራ አፈፃጸሙን የሚገመግምበት መደበኛ ሥነ-ሥርዓት አለው?

በድርጅቱ የቦርድና የሥራ አስፈፃሚው ሚና በግልጽ ተለይቶ ተቀምጧል?

| 16

አዎ

ተጠያቂ አመራር/አስተዳደር

መመዘኛዎች ድርጅቱ በህግ አግባብ በሚመለከተው ባለሥልጣን የተመዘገበና ሁሉንም አግባብነት ያላቸውን የአገሪቱ ሕግጋት ድንጋጌዎች የሚያሟላ ነው ድርጅቱ የውሳኔ አሰጣጥ ሂደት በየትኛው አካልና በምን መልኩ እንደሚከወን የሚያሳዩ ኦፊሴላዊ መሰረታዊ ሰነዶች አሉት ድርጅቱ በሁሉም አባላቱ የሚታወቁና ለሕዝብ የተገለጡ ራዕይ፣ ተልእኮ፣ እሴቶችና ግቦች አሉት ድርጅቱ በአሳታፊ ሂደት የተዘጋጀ፣ ለሕዝብ የተገለጠ እና አፈፃጸምን በየጊዜው ለመከታተልና ለመገምገም ጥቅም ላይ የሚውል የረጅም ጊዜ (ስትራቴጂክ) ዕቅድ አለው ድርጅቱ በሰፊው የሚሰራጭና ዋነኛ የፋይናንስ መረጃዎችን፣ መሰረታዊ የአመራር መዋቅሮችን፣ የተተገበሩ ክንውኖችንና አስተማሪ ተሞክሮዎችን የሚዘረዝር አመታዊ ዘገባ ያዘጋጃል ድርጅቱ በሰራተኞቹና በአባላቱ የጥቅም ግጭት አለመፈጠሩን ለማረጋገጥ በአግባቡ ይንቀሳቀሳል ድርጅቱ ለሕዝብ የማይጣረስና ወጥ የሆነ መረጃ ያቀርባል ድርጅቱ የሠራተኞቹንና የዳይሬክተሮች ቦርድ አባላትን ምግባር ለመቆጣጠር የሚያስችል የሥነምግባር ደንብ አለው ድርጅቱ መረጃ የሚገለጽበትን አግባብ የሚመራ ፖሊሲ አለው የድርጅቱ የፋይናንስ መረጃ፣ የአመራር መዋቅር፣ ክንውኖች እና የሥራ ኃላፊዎችና አጋሮች ዝርዝር ለሕዝብ ግልጽና ተደራሽ ይደረጋል፡፡

3ኛ. ተ.ቁ.

መሰረታዊና የተቋማዊ አስተዳደር ሰነዶች ስለመኖራቸው

አዎ

የለም

ሙሐዝ

ጣፋጭ

ጥር 2004

ማ ረ ፊ ያ ፈቃደኞች ጎ በ ለ ሥ ች እውነታዎ ሮፓውያን ጠሩ እንደ አው የዘመን አቆጣ

ነው፡፡



ation

tern in In e v i t s Ac NGO n a e p

ማ ጥ ቆ

ቅፅ 1 ቁጥር 2

ት ት አገልግሎ ቢሊዮን ሰዓ 8 ች ፡፡ ኞ ል ደ ቷ ቃ ያህል ተገም ያን በጎ ፈ ን አሜሪካው ቀየር 162 ቢሊዮን ዶላር ዮ ሊ ሚ .8 ዓ.ም 61 ረ ነው፡፡ ደ ገንዘብ ሲ  በ2008 ት መጠን ወ ደር እየጨመ ዓ ያ ሰ እ የ ር ህ ጥ ይ ቁ ች ሰጥተዋል፡፡ ለዋል፡፡ በጎ ፈቃደኞ ኝነት ተቀላቅ ይበግረው የ ደ ሳ ቃ ፈ ስ ጎ ው በ ቀ ደ ኖሚ የን ሰዎች ወ ዓቀፉ የኢኮ ሙ ድርጅቶች ካከል 1 ሚሊ  ዓለም መ 8 0 0 ርፍ ያልተቋቋ 2 ት በ ለ ት ና ኑ እ ሆ 7 ሚ 0 ቶ የ በ20 በመቶ ሚሆኑ ገዋል፡፡ 48 09 37 በመ ር 0 2 ድ አ ት ት ቢ ር ጋ ፖ ነ ሪ እስከ መ መረ እንደሆ ረም 2008 ቁጥር እየጨ ው  ከመስከ ቸ ፡፡ ቻ ል ኞ ነዋ ተ ሠራ ምር ተማም ሉ አካላት የበጎ ፈቃደኛ ኑ እንደሚጨ ራቢያቸው ካ ጠ ቅ አ መ ይ ና ጣ ው ቸ ቀ ቶቻ ለመፍታት ደግሞ በ ፍታት ከጎረቤ ረሰቡን ችግር መ በ ለ ህ ማ ር የ ግ ች ፡፡ 7 በመቶ ቷል ሰብን ቁጥርም በ1 ጭማሪ አሳይ ሮ የማህበረ ች ዎ ም ቶ ሰ ጀ መ በ ፉ 7 ተ 0 1 ሳ 0 ጥር 3 ይ የሚ  ከ2 በሩ ሰዎች ቁ ስብሰባዎችና ጉባኤዎች ላ ጋር የሚተባ ቁ ይ ጠ ን በሚ 2007 በጎ ፍቃደኝነት ቶች ነበሩ፡፡ ከ ጣ ወ ኛ ፡፡ ል ደ ቷ ቃ ግማሹ ጎ ፈ ጭማሪ አሳይ ኞች ቁጥር 4 ሚሊዮን በ ደ .2 ቃ 8 ፈ ኑ ጎ ሆ በ የ የ 4 ከ16 እስከ 2 ለም አቀፍ ደረጃ ካለው ዕድሜያቸው በዓ 8 0 ህ 0 2 ይ በ ፡፡  አለው ጫ ል ብ 0 0 ርጓል፡፡ ልማሶች በበጎ የ441.0 እንዲሆን አድ ው የነበሩ ጎ ላ ተ ር ሞ ማ ተ ሰ የ ተ ች ላይ በወጣቶ ደኝነት ሥራ ላቸው፡፡ ው በበጎ ፈቃ ቸ ሆን ዕድሉ አ ነታ መ የ ጅ ል ኛ በ ደ ቃ ም ፈ ያ ሊ ጎ አ በ ነት w Haven) በሁለት እጥፍ  በወጣት reater Ne ልተሰማሩት ካ G f o ነት ኝ y ደ a ቃ ፈ ified W ምንጭ (Un

s t Eun

ስ፡ፉ ርዕ

ጽሃ የመ

abou Facts

pmen

ት የመርዳ ፡ ታ ኔ ል ዘ ሀ ያብራራ ረን በ ds የተቸገ ራታቸውን ተቀማጭ Woo ት e l በ e  Ad ታወቁ ዶላር ጫዎችና መሠማ ዜ ከሚ በየዘርፉ 3 ቢሊዮን ግለ ጊ ፡ ው ሮ ላይ 7. ሃፊ በድ ቸው መ ፡፡ በተለያዩ ች ማ ከ ት ስ ዎ ቀ ራ 96  ጸ እ ል በ ራ የተጠ ማህ ራት ገውታ ቁ ሥ ች እና ት በሚጠይ እና ማህበ ፡፡ ጸሃፊው ልዩ አድር ብዛት፡ ቶ ጅ ጽ ር ገ ል ች ብቃ ሰነዶ ት ድ ፡ ያሳያ ጅቶች  የ ዶላር አድራጎ ተኛ የሙያ ራጎት ድር እያስደገፈ ኑ ጥናታዊ ተወድሷል፡ ጎ በ ቢሊዮን ባንክ ፍ ቱ ድ ጠ ፡ አ ና ከ ተ ች ት 6 ጥ ከ ዎ ዘ 1 ጎ ው ጠው ዓለም  ይ ላማ ወጥተ ሚገኙ የበ ፉ በማስረጃ Os ዙሪያ በመጠቀሙ የ G ሃ የተቀመልቆቹ እነ የ ርጅቶቹ ገቢ ዓ N ም ጽ በ ፓ ን ሎ መ ሮ ች ብ ሬ ቦ ው የድ ትል ቢ ተ ፍሯል፡ ፡ በአ እንዳላቸው ዎች እስከዛ ረጃ አሰባሰ ታዊ ገ ምክንያቱም ማሽ ያህል የጠቀሰ አስ ል ጃ መ መ ት ረ ዓ ረ ጽ ግ መ ብ ገ እ ች ዋ ን ነበር፡፡ ገፊያ ገጽ ለ ተጋብዘ ጨማሪ ድርጅቶ ገራቱን የማስደ የተካሄዱ የ ግን የ አስደንጋጭ ነው፡፡ በተ s ጥናት ሀ እንዲያነቡ ው ood መፅሃፉን ቀርብ ስገረመ መሆኑ አገሮች ሉን ያ ሙያዎች ሲ ሚበልጥ በ /Adele/ W ሁ ፉ የ ስ ጽሑ ቅቱ ለባለ እጥፍ ል ውድ ጥናቱ ወ  በ ፡፡ ይህ በ ቱት ሦስት ደረግ የአድ ይ ነው ከገመ ንደማ ሳይቀሩ ሥት ይፋ እ ለመንግ ፡



lo Deve

| 17

ቅፅ 1 ቁጥር 2

ጥር 2004

ሙሐዝ

ለዚህች አገር ልማትና ድህነት... ከገፅ 10 የቀጠለ

...

አሰባስቦ ከመንግስት ከለጋሾችም ሆነ ከልማት አጋሮች ጋር ለመነጋገር ሲያስፈልግ የጋራ የሆነ የሲቪል ማኅበረሠቡ ስምምነትና ድምፅ የሚወጣበትና የሚደመጥበት መድረክ እንዲሆን ታስቦ የተቋቋመ መድረክ ነው። ግብረ ኃይሉ በህግ የተመዘገበ ሳይሆን በመንግስት ተቀባይነት ያገኘ አደረጃጀት እንዲኖረው ተደርጎ ከላይ እንደተገለፀው ለታቀደለት ዓላማ የተቋቋመ ነው፡፡

ሙሐዝ፡- በሥራዎቻችሁም ይሁን በሌላ ያጋጠሟችሁ ችግሮች ምንድን ናቸው? አቶ እሸቱ፡- መሠናክሎቹ ብዙ ናቸው። አንደኛውና ትልቁ መሰናክል የገንዘብ ሀብት እጥረት ነው፡፡ ለምሣሌ እኛ የአዳፕቴሽን ሥራ ላይ ብዙዎችን መድረስ እየፈልግን የአቅምና የገንዘብ እጥረት ስለነበር መድረስ አለመቻል ነው። ሁለተኛው ከመንግስት፣ ከለጋሾችና ከአጋሮች ጋር ለመነጋገር፤ ለመወያየት፤ ያሉብንን ችግሮች በደንብ እየተነጋገር መስመር ለማስያዝና ለመፍታትና መድረኮች አለመኖራቸው ነው፡፡ ሌላው ደግሞ የራሳችን የሆነ የውስጥ ችግር ነው፤ ይኸውም ሁሉም የሲቪል ማህበረሰብ እየተለወጠ ካለው አካባቢያዊ ሁኔታ ጋር አጣጥሞ ለመቀጠል የጋራ ወደሆነው መገናኛ መድረክ ከመምጣት ይልቅ በራሱ የውስጥ ሥራና ተግባራት የመወጠር ችግር ነው። እነዚህ ጉዳዩች ከችግሮቻችን ዋና ዋናዎቹ ናቸው፡፡ ከዚህ በተጨማሪ አሁን በተለይ ለኔትወርኮቹ የ70/30ው ጉዳይ ሌላ ችግር ሆኖ መጥቷል፡፡ በተለይ በተለይ ፕሮግራም ያሏቸው ሥራዎች አስተዳደራዊ ወጪዎች መሆናቸው በተለያዩ መድረኮች ላይ ችግር እንደሆኑባቸው እየተገለፀ ነው፡፡

ሙሐዝ፡- የ70/30 ሕግን በተመለከተ ምን ይላሉ? አቶ እሸቱ፡- አንዱ ጉዳይ በዚህ በግብረ ኃይሉም ያየነው ኔትወርኮች፤ ኮንሰርቲየም ሲቋቋሙ የተቋቋሙበት የተመሠረቱበት ሊሠሩ ያቀዷቸው በርካታ ዓላማዎች ተግባሮች አሉ፡፡ አሁን የኔትወርኮች ሥራ አስተባባሪ ነው በሚባልበት ጊዜ እነኛን ዋና የሆኑ ተግባሮቻችንና ዓላማዎቻችንን ለማራመድ እንዳንችል መደረጋችን ነው፡፡ ደንቡ በቀጥታ አትሠሩ ባይልም እንኳን የእኛ ሥራ አስተዳደራዊ ከሆነ የእነኛን ሥራዎች የማከናወን አቅም አይኖረንም ማለት ነው። ሁለተኛው ችግር ደግሞ የምንሰበስበውን ገቢ በሙሉ ለአባላቶቻችን ሰጥተን ከእነርሱ ከአስተዳደር ወጪያቸው ላይ አንስተው ለእኛ ይስጡ ቢባል መጀመሪያውኑም እነርሱ ራሳቸው አስተዳደራዊ ወጪያቸው አነሰን እያሉ ለእኛ ተጨማሪ ይሰጣሉ ማለት ነው፡ ፡ ይኼ መታየት ያለበት ጉዳይ ነው፡፡ ሦስተኛ ነገር ደግሞ ጊዜውን ራሱ ብትመለከት ይህ ደንብ ወደኋላ ተመልሶ ሊሠራ ይችላል፡ እኛ የገጠመን ችግር 2011 (እ.ኤ.አ) ጃንዋሪ ላይ ያቀድናቸውን ሥራዎች ነው ስንተገብር የቆየነው፡፡ ግን ደንቡ ወደኋላ ሄዶ ከጁላይ 2011 ጀምሮ ሥራ ላይ ይውላል ቢባል ከዚያ ወዲህ ያለው የ6 ወር ጊዜ እንዴት አድርጎ ነው የሚሆነው፡ ፡ ለማመሳሰል ደግሞ ብትፈልግ ቢያንስ አንድ ዓመት ጊዜ እንኳን ቢኖር ከዚያ በደንብ አድርገህ አጥንተህ ተወያይተህ በምን ዓይነት መንገድ ነው ማዘጋጀት የምንችለው ብለህ እንድታስብ ያደርግሃል፡፡ ይህን ለማድረግ ጊዜ የለም፡፡ ፓኔ ድሮም ቢሆን ፕሮጀክት ወይም ፕሮግራም አይተገብርም። የሚያደርገው አባላቶቻችንን አቅማቸውን በመገንባት በጋራ በመሥራት፤ አቅም በመገንባትና በማስተባበር ድጋፍ እየሰጠን ከእነርሱ ጋራ በጋራ መሥራት ነው፡፡ አሁን ግን ይህንን ለመሥራት የሚያስችል የገንዘብ አቅም አይኖርም፡፡ ሁለተኛ ነገር በአለም አቀፍ ደረጃ ያለ ቀውስ አለ፡፡ ለጋሾች ራሳቸው ችግር ስላለባቸው ለሲቪል ማሕበረሰቡ በቂ የሆነ ገንዘብ ለመስጠት የሚያስችል አቅም የላቸውም፡፡ አገር ውስጥ እንኳን በፊት የተለያየ የገንዘብ ድጋፍ ለመስጠት ዕድሉ የነበረባቸው ሁሉ አሁን የሉም፡፡ ኔትወርኮች ብቻ 36 ደርሰዋል፡፡ ሲቪል ማኅበረሰቡ በተናጠል ወደ 2600 ደርሰዋል፡፡ ስለዚህ ግዙፍ የሆነ የገንዘብ እርዳታ ነው የሚያስፈልገው፡፡ እነዚህ ነገሮች በዋነኝነት አስቸጋሪ ነው የሚሆኑት፡፡ ደንቡ ራሱ ሰፋ ብሎ ዝርዝር ማብራሪያ የለውም፡፡ እንደሌሎቹ ደንቦች ኔትወርኮችን በተመለከተ ትንሽ ነገር ነው ያወጣው፡፡ ከምን ከምን ገንዘብ እንደምናገኝ፤ ሥራዎቻችን በሙሉ አስተዳደራዊ እንደሆኑ፣ የእኛ ሥራ አባሎቻችንን ማስተባበር፤ አቅም መገንባት፣ መረጃ ማቀባበል እንደዚህ የሚል ነገር ነው ያለው እንጂ በዝርዝር 70/30ውን በተመለከተ ለምሳሌ ጠቅላላ ጉባዔን መሰብሰብ ራሱ አስተዳደራዊ ሥራ ነው፡፡ ፕሮጀክት በተቀረፀ ቁጥር፤ ፕሮግራሞች በፀደቁ ቁጥር ጠቅላላ ጉባዔው እንዲያፀድቅ መጥራት በጣም ወጪ ያለው ነገር ነው፡፡ እነዚህ ችግሮች ቢሻሻሉ ኔትወርኮቹ የተቋቋሙበትን ዓላማ ከማሳካት አንፃር ትልቅ አስተዋፅኦ ይኖረዋል፡፡ ከአባላቶቻችን በኩል የሚቀረቡ ቅሬታዎች ‹‹የሥልጠናና የአሠልጣኝ ወጪ፣ የምርምር፣ የግምገማና ምዘና ወጪዎች ዋና ዋና የፕሮግራሞቻችንና የተግባሮቻችን

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አካል ሆነው ሳለ አስተዳደራዊ ወጪ ተደረጉብን፡ የሚሉ ናቸው፡፡ ከላይ እንደጠቀስኩት የተለያዩ መድረኮች ኖረው እየተወያየን መግባባት ላይ ሊያደርስ የሚችል ውይይት ቢኖር እያንዳንዱ ሲቪል ማህበረሠብ እንዲሁም ኤጀንሲው ተጠናክሮ አስፈላጊውን ግምገማ ማስተካከያ እያደረገ ሴክተሩ ሕግና ሥርዓት ይዞ እንዲመራ ማድረግ ይቻላል፡፡ ሴክተሩም ራሱ በራሱ የሥነምግባር መመሪያ አዘጋጅቶ በተለይ ግልፅነትና ተጠያቂነትን ከማምጣት አንፃር፤ እንዲሁም ደግሞ ኔትወርኩና አባላቶች፤ አባላቶች ኔትወርኮችን ተጠያቂ ከማድረግ አንፃር ይህን መንገድ ልንፈጥር ይገባል፡፡

ሙሐዝ፡- ይህን ችግር ለመቅረፍ በመንግስት በኩል ምን መደረግ አለበት ይላሉ? አቶ እሸቱ፡- ቀደም ሲል እንዳነሳሁት አንዱና ዋናው በተለያዩ በሕጉ ዙሪያ ባሉ ጉዳዩች ላይ ተከታታይ የሆኑ የውይይት መድረኮችን ከሲቪል ማህበረሰቡ ተወካዩች ጋር ማዘጋጀት አለበት፡፡ እነዚህ ውይይቶች ገንቢ በሆነ መንገድ ጥሩና ቅንነት በተሞላው ጥምረት ቁጭ ብለን እየተግባባን በስምምነትና በውይይት ዳብሮ በእያንዳንዱ እኛ ችግር ነው ብለን በምናቀርባቸው ጉዳዩች ዙሪያ በሚያመጡት አንድምታ ዙሪያ ጭምር በደንብ መወያየት ያስፈልጋል። ሕጉን በመተግበር ብቻ ሳይሆን ለመወያያ መነሻ የሚሆኑ ጥናቶችን በመሥራት፤ በመስክ ላይ ያሉትን ለምሳሌ እኛ አላሠራ ያሉን ነገሮች በግልፅ ስለሚታወቁ በማስረጃ የተደገፉ ችግሮቻችን በማቅረብ የምንወያይበትን ፎረም ብናመቻች፡ ፡ መንግስት እነዚህን አይቶ አንዳንድ ማሻሻያዎችን ቢያደርግ፤ ቢለውጥ ሴክተሩ ጥሩ አስተዋፅኦ እንዲያደርግ ማገዝ ይሆናል ማለት ነው፡፡ ሌላው ደግሞ የጥምረቶች መዋቅር በከፍተኛ ደረጃ ቢኖር ጥሩ ነው፡፡ አሁን በቅርቡ እየተጀመረ ያለ ጥሩ ተሞክሮ አለ፡ ፡ ተጠሪነቱ ለፌዴራል ጉዳዩች ሚኒስቴር ነው፡፡ የሚኒስቴር መሥሪያ ቤቱ አንድ ፎረም እያዘጋጀ በየሩብ ዓመቱ የምንገናኝበት ማለት ነው፡፡ የሚመለከታቸው የሴክተር አካላት፣ ከለጋሽ ድርጅቶች፣ ከሲቪል ማህበረሰቡም ሦስት ተወካዩች አሉበት፡ ፡ ይህ ውይይት ማተኮር ያለበት ይኸው ሕግ ላይ ነው፡፡ ይህ ሲስተካከል ደግሞ አገራዊ የሆኑ ሌሎች አጀንዳዎች አሉ፡፡ መንግስትና ሲቪል ማኅበረሰቡ በመተባበር ለልማትና ድህነት ቅነሳ አስተዋፅኦ ሊያደርግባቸው የሚችሉ የተለያዩ ሥራዎች በምዕተ ዓመቱ የልማት ግቦች ወደኋላ የቀረንባቸውን ጉዳዩች በተመለከተ እንዴት ነው ልናስተካክል የሚገባው ስለሚለው ሊወያዩ ይችላሉ፡፡ የሲቪል ማኅበረሰቡን ጉዳይ በተመለከተ የለጋሾችን የልገሳ መንገድ በተመለከተ ግልፅነትና ተጠያቂነት ለማምጣትና ለመገምገም፣ ተከታታይ ውይይቶችን ማድረግ በተጨማሪ ሲቪል ማኅበረሰቡ በየጊዜው እየተገናኘ ያሉትን ችግሮች ግልፅና ትክክለኛ በሆነ መንገድ በመነጋገር መፍትሔ ማበጀት ያስፈልጋል፡፡

ሙሐዝ፡ለቃለ እናመሰግናለን!

ምልልሱ

ኤሆፕ ኢትዮጵያ በላይ ለሚሆኑ ከኤች አይ ቪ ቫይረስ ጋራ ለሚኖሩ ሕፃናት የተሟላ አገልግሎት ሰጥቷል፡፡በአሁኑ ጊዜም ከ200 በላይ ለሚሆኑ ከኤች አይቪ ቫይረስ ጋራ ለሚኖሩ ሕፃናት በቀጥታ አገልግሎት በማግኘት ላይ ሲሆኑ በተጨማሪም በተዘዋዋሪ መንገድ ከ400 በላይ የሚሆኑ ቤተሰቦችም የአገልግሎቱ ተጠቃሚዎች ናቸው፡፡

ዓላማ

ኤሆፕ ኢትዮጵያ የሚከተሉት አቢይ ዓላማዎች አሉት •

ቅፅ 1 ቁጥር 2

ኤ

ሆፕ ኢትዮጵያ የኢትዮጵያ ነዋሪዎች በጎ አድራጎት ድርጅት ሲሆን ከኤች አይ ቪ ቫይረስ ጋራ የሚኖሩ ሕፃናትን የሚያሳድግ ድርጅት ነው፡፡ድርጅቱ ከተቋቋመበት ከ1996 ዓ.ም ጀምሮ ከ500

ጥር 2004

ሙሐዝ

ወላጆቻቸውን በኤች አይቪ ኤድስ ሳቢያ ያጡና ራሳቸውም በቫይረሱ ለተጠቁ ሕፃናትእንዲሁም በኤች አይቪ ኤድስ ምክንያት ወላጆቻቸውን ላጡና ለተለያየ አደጋ ለተጋለጡ ሕፃናት ነፃ የምግብ፣የጤና፣የትምህርትና የመሳሰሉት አገልግሎቶች ለመስጠት የሕፃናት መርጃ ማቋቋም፤

•

በተለያዩ ምክንያቶች ለከፍተኛ ማኅበራዊና ኢኮኖሚያዊ ችግር የተጋለጡ ሕፃናትና ታዳጊ ወጣቶችን መንከባከብ አቅም መገንባት፣ድጋፍ በመስጠት ካሉበት ችግር ተላቀው ራሳቸውን እንዲችሉ ማድረግ፣

•

ከወላጆቻቸው ወይም ከተንከባካቢያቸው ጋራ የሚኖሩ ነገር ግን የኤች አይቪ ቫይረስ በደማቸው ውስጥ

ያለባቸውን

ሕፃናት

በተመለከተ

ነፃ

የምግብ፣የጤና፣የትምሕርትና

የመሳሰሉትን

አገልግሎቶችን እንዲያገኙ ማድረግ፤ •

ከኤች አይቪ ጋራ ለሚኖሩ እናቶች የጤና እንክብካቤ አገልግሎት መስጠት፤

• • •

ሕብረተሰቡ ራሱን ከኤች አይቪ ኤድስ እንዲጠብቅ እና ግንዛቤ እንዲኖረው ለማስቻል ልዩ ልዩ ሥልጠናዎችን፣ወርክሾፖችን፣ሴሚናሮች እና የመሳሰሉትን ማካሄድ፤

የሚሰጣቸው አገልግሎቶች ኤሆፕ ኢትዮጵያ ባሉት ዘርፎች በአሁኑ ወቅት አገልግሎቱን በአዲስ አበባ ከተማ ውስጥ ለሚገኙ ወላጆቻቸውን በኤችአይቪ ኤድስ ሳቢያ ላጡና ራሳቸውም በቫይረሱ ለተጠቁ ሕፃናት ነፃ የምግብ፣ጤና አጠባበቅ፣የልብስ፣የንጽሕና፣የስነልቦና፣የትምህርት፣የመጠለያ እና የመሳሰሉት አገልግሎቶች እየሰጠ ነው፡፡አገልግሎት የሚሰጥባቸው ዘርፎች የልጆች መኖሪያ ቤት፣የሕፃናት የዕድገት ማዕከል፣የቤት ለቤት ድጋፍ እና የማኅበረሰብ ማዳረስ ድጋፍ ናቸው፡፡

የሚሠራባቸው ቦታዎች ድርጅቱ በንፋስ ስልክ ላፍቶ ክፍለ ከተማ ውስጥ ሁለት የሕፃናት መኖሪያ ቤቶች እና በአዲስ ከተማ ክፍለ ከተማ አንድ የቀን መዋያ የሕፃናት የዕድገት ማዕከል ውስጥ ሥራውን በማከናወን ላይ የሚገኝ ሲሆን በአራዳ ክፍለ ከተማ እና በአካባቢዋ በሚገኙ አዋሳኝ ክፍለ ከተሞች ውስጥ ለሚኖሩ ሕፃናት አገልግሎት እየሰጠ ይገኛል፡፡ከዚህም በተጨማሪ በመኖሪያ ቤት ውስጥ መኖር ወይም በየቀኑ ወደ ድርጅቱ ለመምጣት በተለያየ ምክንያት ላልቻሉ በሌሎች አምስት ክፍለ ከተሞች ውስጥ ለሚገኙ ሕፃናት የቤት ለቤት እገዛ በማድረግ ላይ ይገኛል፡፡ | 19

ቅፅ 1 ቁጥር 2

ጥር 2004 ሙሐዝ

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[C o n t e n t s ] page12 page 8 page

Vol.1 No.2 January 2012

MUHAZE

We greatly Contributed to National Development and Poverty

Inside Page Some Thoughts on the World Social Forum

Pact Ethiopia - Its role in Building the Capacity of Civil Society Organizations

An Act of Generosity Borne of Compassion

The “Directives Issued to Determine Operational and Administrative Costs of Charities and Societies” 3 Needs to be Reviewed and Amended.

“Stunting: The Hidden Famine!”

WHERE DO YOU PUT YOUR ORGANIZATION?

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Readers

Vol.1 No.2 January 2012

MUHAZE

The beginning of publication of Muhaz magazine is important for two reasons. One is the publication is showing ownership of the concerns and issues surrounding CSOs by utilizing the media as a tool. In line with this, I want to stress the importance of the magazine brining to the attention of the public the different activities and accomplishments of CSOs in various sectors such as education, health, accessibility to water, etc. as gap filling social institutions. Secondly, to ensure the objectivity of the publication, the publication should not only address the obligations of CSOs; rather it should raise issues on the existence of forums that allow CSOs to come together to resolve and discuss their problems while also providing them with the opportunity to work in partnership with each other. The opinion of relevant stakeholders in this regard should also be looked into in order to better understand their perspective. Forums where the different actors in the sector meet to discuss and resolve their issues are yet to be seen. Moreover, I believe the Regional circulation of the magazine will have its own contribution in this process. Ato Eshetu Bekele

Poverty Action Network Ethiopia, Executive Director and Founding Member

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------As I understand it, Muhaz magazine focuses on issues and concerns surrounding CSOs. I have read the 1st publication and I commend it for raising important issues. However, there are still areas that it could improve. For instance, the magazine should be able to reflect the views of concerned government bodies on matters discussed. It should be able to highlight constructive ideas in addition to focusing on the sectorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s challenges. Creating the forum for a wider number of scholars to participate in the discussions would be one methodology. Moreover, I believe inclusion of the different views and observations of beneficiaries concerning the activities, performance, and management of CSOs is appropriate in this matter. W/ro Saba G/Medhin Network of Ethiopian Women Association ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Pubelisher Amicus Media Promotion and communicaEditor in Chief Advertising RepresentaManaging Editor tion P.L.C Zelalem Wadaj tive Yohannes Alemu Akaki Kaliti sub city/wereda 02/ kebele Akaki kaliti sub city Endeshawe Haile Gebriel Tel.0911 88 00 17 01/03/H.N 862 wereda 01 Secretary E-mail H.N. 588 Tell-0115526769/0911228115/ Rehemet Abedela yohannalm@yahoo.com Tell-0911382875 P.O.Box 121525 Printing Graphic design Mistire Fisseha.G Lewa Printing press

[from The Editor] The “Directives Issued to Determine Operational and Administrative Costs of Charities and Societies”

Needs to be Reviewed and Amended.

Vol.1 No.2 January 2012

MUHAZE

One of the duties and responsibilities accorded to the Charities and Societies Agency is issuing directives to implement the Charities and Societies Proclamation and the corresponding Council of Ministers Regulations. Accordingly, the Agency has issued a number of directives, models and formats to implement the Proclamation and Regulations. In addition to facilitating the activities of the Agency, these documents enable charities and societies to be informed of their rights and obligations. Notable among the directives issued by the Agency to date is the “Directives to Determine Administrative and Operational Costs of Charities and Societies,” which was issued in July 2011 as Directive Number 2. As outlined in an article published in the previous issue of our magazine, the substance of the directives contain provisions that should be encouraged as strengths as well as gaps and potential challenges that need to be addressed as a matter of priority. Since the publication of the said article, we have received comments and opinions on the issue from various stakeholders. At the outset, we emphasize the relevance of the directives and recognize that the promulgation of the directives entails a number of advantages. Notwithstanding the potential challenges arising from its provisions, the directives elaborates on the distinctions between administrative and operational costs thereby partially resolving the interpretative differences between the Agency and charities and societies. It also strives to direct charities and societies on how to utilize their funding. On the By strengthening the other hand, a number of problems pertaining to these directives have been identified expected partnership by various actors. While some of these problems relate to the promulgation of the directives, most are substantive in nature. between the Agency

and charities and societies, it would enhance the role of these institutions in the country’s development and good governance efforts.

Complaints on the process of promulgation focus on the failure on the part of the Agency to involve even the primary institutional stakeholders in the law-making process as is required for all laws of the country. The Agency did not engage charities and societies nor did it extract and integrate their opinions and feedback during the drafting process. Instead, the first instance of engagement came in the form of awareness raising forums on the final document after official promulgation. Many have criticized this omission as the major source of the problems in the substance of the directives. Clearly, ensuring the participation of the key stakeholders affected by directives impacting on charities and societies will not only strengthen a culture of participatory democracy but also enhances a sprit of dialogue and understanding in the sector. By strengthening the expected partnership between the Agency and charities and societies, it would enhance the role of these institutions in the country’s development and good governance efforts. The major source of complaints arising from the substance of the directives is its impact on consortiums. The directives treat consortiums as mere channels of finances to their member organizations without implementing any projects on their own. For instance, the directives limit the incomes of a consortium to the fees collected form the member organizations. Such understanding endangers the role of consortiums in building the capacities of members, and in coordinating their activities to the extent that the very survival of consortiums will be questionable. Moreover, the designation of costs for monitoring and evaluation, consultancy services, travel for training workshops, purchase of project vehicles and the like as ‘administrative costs’ is another source of concern. Revising and amending the directives to address these problems in a participatory process will benefit all concerned parties. We also understand that the various consultations with the relevant institutions on the problems posed by the directives may have provided the Agency with adequate information. Thus, the directives should be re-visited based on such information as well as further consultations informed by research with the concerned institutions, especially consortiums. Wishing you an enjoyable read!!

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MUHAZE

Feature

Some Thoughts on the World Social Forum I. Factors attributed to the emergence of the World Social Forum The World Social Forum (WSF) traces its root to “Latin American activism, namely the encuentro, a meeting which emphasizes dialogue and exchange of ideas among activists. Some of the founders of the WSF, (who) were part of the First International Encuentro for Humanity and Against Neoliberalism in 1996… decided to expand the idea and make it a global forum for activists of all stripes opposing hegemonic globalization and neo-liberalism.” Another important milestone attributable to the emergence of the movement was the incident, popularly known as “the Battle for Seattle”, which took place in November 1999, where anti-globalization activists protested a meeting of the World Trade Organization’s latest trade negotiations.” Oded Grajew, one of the architects of the movement recounted his reminiscence of the stimulus for initiating the global movement. “Why not create the World Social Forum, as we have the World Economic Forum, speaking about the people in the world? Why not the World Social Forum -- the social is more important than the economic -- to have a space to show that we can have an alternative? We have choice.” Grajew further recounts, “This is not the only way you can see the world, globalization. We have another way to see it. And, at the same time, force people to look, to make a choice. What is your choice? What is your vision of the world?” One can easily suppose from the foregoing quote the originators of the World Social Forum, from the outset, have envisioned a parallel movement that counters the World Economic Forum (WEF) which “has played a strategic role in the formulation of the thoughts for those who promote and defend the neoliberal policies all around the world since 1971”.

This column accommodate research and analysis by scholars that focus on the diverse sectors in which CSOs work to accomplish their missions and offer policy alternatives to make positive impacts

The credit goes to the Brazilian organizations for playing a pivotal role both in initiating the movement

and organizing the first World Social Forum in 2001. In point of fact “the WSF 2001 Organizing Committee was formed by eight Brazilian entities: Abong, Attac, CBJP, Cives, CUT, Ibase, MST and Social Network of Justice and Human Rights. Also an office has been crated in Sao Paulo (Brazil), which is responsible for supporting the WSF process, the WSF International Council (IC) and its commissions, as well as the organizing committees of the annual WSF events”.. Since 2001 WSF meets in January “at the same time as its “great capitalist rival”, the World Economic Forum’s Annual Meeting in Davos, Switzerland. This date is consciously picked to promote their alternative answers to world economic problems in opposition to the World Economic Forum.”

II. Contents of Charter of WSF

the

The World Social Forum has adopted a statute, known as Charter of Principles, which laid down the ideological foundation that set the trajectory of the movement. The Charter of Principles comprises 14 provisions. Principle 1 spells out, among other things, the nature and the objectives of the movement. WSF is envisioned as an international space for a free flow of ides, democratic debate, “formulation of proposals, free exchange of experiences and interlinking for effective action, by groups and movements of civil society that are opposed to neo-liberalism and to domination of the world by capital and any form of imperialism.” While the organizing theme of the movement “Another World Is Possible” is laid down under Principle 2, suggesting that the Forum is “a permanent process of seeking and building alternatives, which cannot be reduced to the events supporting it, Principle 3 stipulates “all the meetings that are held as part of this process have an international dimension.” The Charter, under Principle 4, explicates in no uncertain terms the ideological orientation of the movement. i.e., “alternatives that come out at the WSF stand in opposition to a process of globalization commanded by the large multinational corporations and by the governments and international institutions at the service of those corporations’ interests, with the

complicity of national governments.” Principle 5 of the Charter also addresses the issue of representation. The Forum unequivocally affirms that it has no intention to be a body to speak on behalf of civil society across the globe save “brining together and interlink(ing) only organizations and movements of civil society from all the countries in the world.” The Charter also laid down, under Principle 6, another equally important rule as regards the Authority of the Forum with respect to taking positions and publishing any formal statements on behalf of participants. The provision states, “No one…, will be authorized, on behalf of any of the editions of the Forum, to express positions claiming to be those of all its participants. The participants in the Forum shall not be called on to take decisions as a body, whether by vote or acclamation, on declarations or proposals for action that would commit all, or the majority, of them and that propose to be taken as establishing positions of the Forum as a body.” Principle 7 accords unrestrained freedom to organizations or groups that partake in the WSF’ meetings “to deliberate on declarations or actions they may decide on, whether singly or in coordination with other participants” and the role to be played by WFS is limited to circulating “such decisions widely by the means at its disposal, without directing, hierarchizing, censuring or restricting them, but as deliberations of the organizations or groups of organizations that made the decisions. Principle 8 provides the defining characteristics of the movement and its operational modalities. The Principle reads, WSF “is a plural, diversified, non-confessional, non-governmental and non-party context that, in a decentralized fashion, interrelates organizations and movements engaged in concrete action at levels from the local to the international to build another world.” Principle 9 provides that except political party and, military organizations’ the Forum is open to organizations and movements of all stripes irrespective of the nature and ways of engagement, “diversity of genders, ethnicities, cultures, generations and physical capacities provided that they are willing to be bound by the Charter. Principle 10 states, the Forum “is opposed to all totalitarian and reductionist views of economy, development and history and to the use of violence as a means

of social control by the State as well as up hold the respect of human right and practice of real democracy. Principle 11 reaffirms that WFS is a forum for a debate and a movement of ideas that prompts reflection, and the transparent circulation of the results of that reflection, on the mechanisms and instruments of domination by capital, on means and actions to resist and overcome that domination, and on the alternatives proposed to solve the problems of exclusion and social inequality that the process of capitalist globalization with its racist, sexist and environmentally destructive dimensions is creating internationally and within countries. Principle 12 entails that the Forum “encourages understanding and mutual recognition amongst its participant organizations and movements, and places special value on the exchange among them, particularly on all that society is building to center economic activity and political action on meeting the needs of people and respecting nature, in the present and for future generations.” Principle 13 reflects the aspiration of the Forum “ to strengthen and create new national and international links among organizations and movements of society, that, in both public and private life, … increase the capacity for non-violent social resistance to the process of dehumanization the world is undergoing and to the violence used by the State, and reinforce the humanizing measures being taken by the action of these movements and organizations.” Principle 14 spells out that the Forum “is a process that encourages its participant organizations and movements to situate their actions, from the local level to the national level and seeking active participation in international contexts, as issues of planetary citizenship, and to introduce onto the global agenda the change-inducing practices that they are experimenting in building a new world in solidarity. Over view of the Forums organized ever since the emergence of the movement WSF has organized a total of 12 events since its establishment in 2001. Interestingly, Brazil the birth place of WSF takes the lion share in hosting (2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2009, 2010 and 2012) more than half of the total editions. What’s more, except the 2009 edition which was held in the city of Belém, another Brazilian City, the rest of the events have been organized in Porto Alegre,. While the 2004 edition has been organized in Mumbai (India), Nairobi (Kenya) hosted the 2007 edition. On the other hand, unlike the preceding Forums

the 2006 edition has been polycentric as events were organized in three continents Bamako (Mali-Africa), Caracas (Venezuela-South America) and Karachi (Pakistan-Asia). While Bamako hosted the meeting between January 19 and 23, Caracas (Venezuela-South America) and Karachi (Pakistan-Asia), were supposed to organize the event simultaneously between March 24 and 29. Unfortunately, the earthquake that shook Pakistan in October 2005 caused the postponement of the event for two more months. Another anomaly has transpires in 2008, i.e., the eighth World Social Forum “was not organized at a particular place, but globally, which means by thousands of autonomous local organizations, on or around January 26. They are also known as the Global Call for Action.” The eleventh World Social Forum took place in Dakar, Senegal in 2011. As can be seen from the preceding data Latin America takes the lead (six times) and Africa follows (three times) in terms of hosting the event. Asia stands third (two times). The reach and powerful continents, notably, Europe, USA and Australia seem now where in hosting WSF editions.

Success and challenges of the movement Observers mull over the positive impacts of the World Social Forum ever since it came into existence in 2001 on the global political landscape. Some authors like Michael Hardt compare the Forum “to the great NAM (NonAligned Movement) (that) shook the middle of the 20th century.” Many more observers glorify the movement as “one of the most significant civil and political initiatives of the past several decades, perhaps of this past century.” Others even credit the Forum for bringing “together three novel and inter-related dimensions: the form of the political and of political discussion (the Forum’s concept of ‘open space’); the question of the renewal of imaginaries and utopias (how to give content to ‘Another World is Possible!’); and questions of strategy (including proposals, types of political organizing, etc)” WSF is also recognized for inspiring “the multiplication of many events enclosed in different levels: local, regional or thematic, all of them having the same WSF spirit and a similar methodology.” Similarly, WSF has also been praised for moving foreword “from being a singular major event each January in Porto Alegre to being an efflorescence and celebration across the world. During 2002-3, continental meetings have taken place in Africa, Asia, Europe, and

MUHAZE Latin America, and city, state, and national meetings have taken place in several countries across much of the world. The steady growth in numbers attending the world event attest to the relevance of the Forum to people all over the world who are concerned by economic globalization, militarization, and other interrelated issues. But it is not numbers alone that count.” Equally important achievement the WSF worth mention is the ever changing nature of the annual events it organizes. Obviously, “The first meeting in 2001 was predominantly a challenge to Davos as a symbol of economic globalization, and through that to economic globalization itself. In 2002 it moved to being a meeting that made a call for alternatives‘Another World Is Possible!’ And the third meeting in January 2003, while centered on illuminating steps towards concrete alternatives, was one also marked by critical selfreflection on the WSF itself-both as structure and as process.”

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Feature

Observes also acknowledge the contribution of the Forum in putting forward alternative to the existing global economic order. The movement according to these observers has not only “made abundantly clear that there is an alternative to economic, capitalist globalization… ” but also played “a profound role, along with all the other forms of global civil actions that are taking place, in freeing peoples all over the world of the shackles of the colonization of the mind” Another equally important contribution of WSF is its role in shaping opinions across the globe on outstanding global issues. “Starting from a first position of opposing neo-liberal globalization, the Forum has played an important role in the building of worldwide opinion against the war on Iraq, not by taking a position itself but by being an arena where anti-war forces from many parts of the world could meet… it was also a space and time where these actors and others who had till then been opposing neoliberal globalization alone could meet and together develop a more comprehensive understanding of war and militarization as an instrument of economic globalization.” As a matter of fact “WEF (World Economic Forum) has brought development and poverty to its core agenda (in 2005)…four years after the creation of WSF.” Some

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MUHAZE

STRAIGHT TALK

This column covers interviews with government ofﬁcials,professionals and representatives of civil society on the current concerns and challenges faced by CSOs as well as proposed solutions

We greatly Contributed to National Development and Poverty

to Eshetu Bekele is founding member and Executive Director of the Poverty Action Network in Ethiopia. He participates in various national and international forums in addition to his contributions within PANE. For instance, he sit on the IMF board representing Sub-Saharan Africa. He was one of the leaders and the founding members of civil societys the international Anti -povertycampaign at the international level.In addition, he has been elected to the African governance council on account of his involvement with civil society leaders on poverty reduction, development, and good governance issues in Africa. For his actve invollvement on anti-poverty, anti-corruption, sustainable development, human rights and other issues the International Peace Federation in collaboration with the International Confederation of Religious Councils and the United Nations, has awareded him International peace prize. He has spoken to our staﬀ reporter on activities of PANE, the new charities and society’s proclamation and other related issues.

Muhaz: -. Can you elaborate on what PANE is?

Ato Eshetu - PANE refers to the Poverty Action Network in Ethiopia. PANE was established to enable Ethiopian civil society organizations actively participate in poverty reduction and development activities in the country so as to ensure that national development plans, programmes, strategies and policies have a poverty and development focus. Our vision is to build a country where poverty has been eradicated and citizens live in dignity and freedom.

enhance their capacities, and improve their performance. Our capacity building initiatives include provision of technical support, organizing training developing and disseminating training manuals, and conducting awareness raising activities.

Muhaz: - What are the main activities of PANE? Ato Eshetu:- We conduct action oriented research activities. The research outputs are used to initiate dialogue at the local, regional, national and even international level among the various stakeholders (including donors) to identify the development and poverty related problems of Ethiopia and take measures to address the problems on how to eradicate poverty and ensure sustainable development in the country. The results of our action research, enriched through these discussions, are submitted to the government and donors

to inform the development and implementation of better programmes, strategies and plans. Generally, our programming framework consists of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Ethiopia’s Poverty Reduction Strategy Programs (PRSPs) and the Growth and Transformation Plan. In addition to this we also provide capacity building support to member organizations, local government bodies to

We also strive to introduce new research methedologies. For instance, PANE was the first organization to introduce research methods of social accountability in Ethiopia. This has laid the basis for the national social accountability program under implementation today. The ultimate objective is to enhance the quality, availability and accessibility of pro-poor services and infrastructure such as in agriculture, education, health, water and sanitation. In addition, we strive to ensure sustainability in service provision and development by informing both service providers and beneficiaries on their respective roles, rights and obligations. We conduct interventions on communication, information, networking and knowledge management. This involves documentation and dissemination of good practices in development and poverty related areas from

Muhaz: The engagement of PANE in policy development is widely known. What is the role of PANE around this issue? Ato Eshetu:- Our interest in policy development pertains to poverty reduction and development planning. As I have already stated, the MDGs and Ethiopia’s PRSPs provide the framework for our engagements. The policies fall within this framework; and the focus of the country, the government, donors and civil society should be on the MDGs and PRSPs. PANE was established for this purpose and operates within this framework. For instance, if we look at the Growth and Transformation Plan, it incorporates and prioritizes the MDGs across sectors. Thus, it is the overarching policy for our purposes. Our policy engagement starts at an early stage of the

process. we submit recommendations on how to integrate the issues in the poverty reduction and development policy. Moreover, based on our belief in a participatory monitoring system, we conduct various studies. The government, on its part, involves us in the design process and incorporates our inputs. Generally, we participate in the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the poverty reduction and development program.

Muhaz: What are the positive and adverse about the new charities and societies proclamation for PANE? Ato Eshetu:- One opportunity arising from the 2009 proclamation is the provision for the establishment of networks as independent structures. Previously, there was no legal stipulation for the establishment and registration of networks. The recognition of networks, consortiums and coalitions is a positive aspect of the proclamation. The second opportunity relates to the permissive provisions on fund raising. Unlike the previous regime, an organization may engage in public collections and income generation as long as the legal requirements are fulfilled. The very existence of a legal regime for the registration and operation of civil society is by itself a positive development. On the other hand, there are various aspects with adverse implications for civil society in general. The challenges of the new regime in relation to advocacy engagement, administrative issues, the limitations of the 30/70 directives have been raised in various forums. For PANE, the most harmful of these is the 70/30 guideline, especially as stipulated in the directives. The directives stipulate that all funds raised by networks are to be transferred to their members and get their administrative expenses from subsidies by members. This stipulation works against the development of networks; it is difficult for networks to properly carry out their activities and implement their establishment objectives under such limitations. PANE was established with a number of objectives towards national development and poverty reduction that are beneficial to the government as well. However, the coming into effect of this directive will hamper the implementation of the planned activities. I can confidently say that PANE, despite its short six-year history, has greately contributed to national development and poverty reduction. Yet, this new rules will make it difficult for us to continue doing so. I fear that we may not be able to operate at all.

Muhaz: How do you compare the previous and current relationship between the government and civil society in connection with the current proclamation? How should it be improved? Ato Eshetu:- Truth be known, the relationship has deteriorated. We used to have various discussion forums. The government used to involve civil society on draft policies and laws. This has changed since the promulgation of the proclamation. Even the annual forums on sustainable development and poverty reduction appear to have simmered down. I would propose that regular forums should be organized to enable civil society make positive contributions to the country’s development and poverty reduction in a spirit of partnership and meaningful participation. The civil society sector should strive towards constructive partnership to fill gaps in areas where the government has limited reach, introduce new and innovative activities that are knowledge and information based, and engage in research, evaluation and capacity building. Networks have an essential role in this respect. Rather than operating individually, organizations would be able to bring greater contributions to national development if they operated in a coordinated manner. Thus, their capacities should be enhanced to build the capacities of their members. There should be forums where they could relate with the government, donors and other stakeholders representing the collective interests of their members. Such forums could enable joint engagements to further the common development agenda. As long as we are all working towards poverty reduction and development, it is my belief that dialogue on the multifarious issues within the development agenda would significantly contribute towards national development and poverty reduction.

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STRAIGHT TALK

among the experiences of our members and other actors as well as foreign and international practice. We disseminate good practices and experiences in civil society engagement through various media including in our publications and on our website. We also support participation in various experience sharing forums to enable mutual exchange of information and experience among civil society organizations. Our publications are often made available and distributed in regional, national and international workshops and forums. Our networks are not merely national; we have partners in the regions as well as branch offices in all regions. The structures formerly called regional chapters are now permanent regional offices. Through these branches and chapters, we have more than 500 civil society organizations as members representing millions of individuals. We mobilize these for development and poverty reduction goals. A case in point is the “Global Call for Action Against Poverty” campaign conducted in more than 110 countries. PANE is a founding member of this global campaign; I am an establishing member as well as a member of the International and Africa Council. We also conduct a number of campaigns in Ethiopia including on issues of debt cancellation, good governance, fair trade, and for increased development assistance to finance poverty reduction initiatives. We also organize regional and local public awareness and sensitization campaigns to enhance active participation in the development process. These campaigns on specific areas such as re-forestation and environmental sanitation. A number of panel discussions on poverty, its consequences and impacts have been organized to sensitize and engage the various actors and stakeholders in the development process.

MUHAZE

Muhaz: Has donor funding declined subsequent to the promulgation of the new law? If so, to what extent does it affect your operations? Ato Eshetu:-It is difficult to say so with any accuracy in the absence of a comprehensive study. A study needs to be conducted to determine whether donor funding has declined,

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MUHAZE

EXPERIENCE

Pact Ethiopia - Its role in Building the Capacity of Civil Society Organizations Intr o du ctio n

act arrived in Ethiopia in 1995 and was officially registered in 1996. Prior to 1995, before becoming registered and actually implementing any kind of program, I was working in the DC head office, coming back and forth to Ethiopia designing and developing a program for the organization that would promote and support civil society and capacity building which is really at the heart of Pact’s work. Pact focuses on building capacities of civil society regardless of its sector – health, environment, education, etc Pact wrote a proposal that was funded by USAID entitled the Ethiopian NGO Sector Enhancement Initiative (ENSEI). It had three objectives; To build capacity of local organizations as well as local government To try to foster and create and help support a more enabling environment in which CSOs and government operated together To support networking and to bring organizations together to have a similar voice in their concerns whether it was education or children’s issues or food security, etc. The project was funded and came at the right time in 1995 where the majority of international organizations that were working here were focusing on humanitarian assistance; whereas Pact’s focus was on sustainable development. And so it was through the paradigm shift at that time of understanding what that meant and what it meant for Pact was those three objectives- to build civil society and their organizational capacity to better implement their project from the ground.

A re a s of Focu s

Our focus has a number of different sectors. We had over a 100 local CSOs as partners and our sectors included education, children’s issues, food security and rural development, primary health overall, democracy and governance, and a little bit of the environment work as well. We determined what capacities were needed by developing a tool which is well known in Ethiopia now and many have replicated it and transformed it different ways but we called it the Organizational Capacity Assessment Tool (OCAT). What we did is we brought organizations that were really involved in developing the tool so Pact did not develop it in isolation. We did it together with organizations to determine what the indicators are for success in organizational development. Some of those indicators were governance communications, financial systems, admin, HR, which looked at internal practices of the organization to be

able to be more efficient in their work on the ground. We undertook this capacity assessment which was not well received by civil society because the terminology of “monitoring” at that time was not viewed in a positive light. So we’ve come a long way today from where we started, in terms of having organizations embrace monitoring as a way to become more effective, a way to become more efficient and to be more accountable to what they were actually doing. I think in the beginning, it was viewed as suspicious, but our approach was and is to undertake it in a participatory manner, together. Pact’s staff or consultants would go and sit with an organization; they would identify team members within their organization that will play a role in determining the assessment. They were part and parcel of the outcome of what we found in each and every assessment. We did not provide that assessment outside of Pact - it was between the organization and Pact and if the organization wanted,

they could provide that to others. But we would not provide it to anybody; it was a tool that was meant to support that organization, not a tool to determine whether or not they would receive funding.

Implementation Strategy I think that was part of the concern of having an assessment done in some cases. Many organizations what they ended up doing is handing those assessments out to donors and out to the constituencies saying this is where we’re strong, this is where we have some limitations. But we’re working with Pact to improve upon those limitations and they would receive funds. It was a matter of transparency; it was allowing civil society to become more transparent about what they were strong in and what they weren’t so strong in. And acknowledging for themselves and also to other stakeholders that they recognize their finance systems might not be at the level where they should be but they were working on it and it will improve. So, over the course of that project which ran for 8 years, Pact would determine interventions for what those organizations needed, and would develop training and mentoring program for their specific needs. The training was always accompanied by a mentor where somebody would actually physically be provided to that organization to help them with the practicalities save the finance system. We help them to have more improved finance system. In terms of the training, that is very theoretical. Any training

is very theoretical, you’re sitting in a workshop and you’re listening to people who are training, they know about it but they are basically talking about it. But how do you take that theory and put it in practice within your organization? This continues to be a major challenge today. It’s difficult for organizations to go to a weeklong training, and then you’re supposed to come back to your organization and apply it. So, those mentors helped the organizations to apply it. Those mentors had the practical applications: whether it be a strategic plan, financial system, how to write a proposal, gender integration, board development, all kinds of different training and mentoring activities that we would provide. I think that when we conducted another OCAT to see after two years how they have improved or stayed the same, what that reassessment showed was that the training was important, but the most critical aspect of their improvement was the result of mentoring. Over the course of the 8 years Pact provided training and mentoring and used grants management as a capacity building tool as well. When a partner was brought onto the project, the assessment took place and that would be followed by the training and mentoring in very key priority areas. And those three areas were strategic planning, financial management, and proposal development and monitoring and evaluation. After they’ve gone through those three core areas, we would then accept a proposal by that organization in their area of work whether it was food security or health or education and we would provide them with the grant to implement a project. That then allowed them to move forward with those strategic plans; it gave them a head start on what they wanted to do in the longer term. It provided them the opportunity to utilize this new financial system and it provided them with an opportunity to write a proposal and how to monitor and evaluate that project that we were now providing them funding. Some organizations had never received any funding before some of them were brand new at the time. In 1995,1996,1997,1998, some organizations didn’t have a donor at all. So they’ve just started and where do you start? Often times, you need the donor to commit that money before you actually establish the organization. So it gave organizations an opportunity to demonstrate that they were viable, that they had resources that other donors would then match; other donors would then come on because Pact was working with them, Pact had provided the grant and it gave them a little bit of backing. Overall, it laid the foundation for many

artnership with us. A mutually reinforcing relationship where when our grants’ team went out to monitor our grant, we weren’t looking for problems; but rather Pact focused on what additional support was needed for their success.

organizations and therefore the risk for other donors was less in coming in and supporting many organizations that were new they didn’t have any track records. The other main focus was on partnership. I would say that our partnership was very strong where it was not a one way process. We tried to practice what we preached in that our partnership; it’s not just a partnership with Pact and you but it’s also your partnership with us. A mutually reinforcing relationship where when our grants’ team went out to monitor our grant, we weren’t looking for problems; but rather Pact focused on what additional support was needed for their success. We tried to be very open with organizations and to build the trust to be open and transparent. This was a huge barrier that I think Pact was able to overcome and that was because of our partnership and what we defined as being a partner. When Pact held its bi-annual partners meeting, Pact listened to its partners: What were their constraints? What were their challenges? What were they doing well, and how could we share that with others? As a result of listening, quite often we modified our program to meet the needs of the partners. They saw that we did that and I think that built a high level of trust in our partnership together. It was not all smooth sailing however.

A ct ivit ies of pact in st rengt hening Netw orks ( Part nership Forum s) Pact was also engaged in supporting a more enabling environment and building relations amongst partners

MUHAZE and the partnership in sustainable development between government offices and civil society organizations. Initially, right from the beginning, we began looking at the legislation which of course was very outdated at the time. We had a number of exposure visits for government bodies and civil society. We conducted research on legislations from other countries with internationally renowned organizations and at that time, there was also a dialogue with the Ministry of Justice and the British Ambassador and about five different international organizations and national organizations discussion means on building the relations. There was a lot of dialogue and a lot of partnership around solidifying relations amongst civil society as well. In that regard, CRDA, Pact, and IAG put together the Code of Conduct initiative to demonstrate civil societies’ role in holding themselves accountable and becoming more transparent in their work, as a self governing code. That was the first time in the history of Ethiopia’s civil society that they came together for a common cause and they believed in it and they signed off on it. That has been more difficult to apply, then we thought and I’m not sure where that lies today but I think that the initiative and the process of getting to a Code of Conduct was more important than actually having it in place and applying it. So it brought together organizations and the government I think was very appreciative of that effort.

Vol.1 No.2 January 2012

EXPRIANCE

There were a number of other things that we came up with such as holding NGO days for example. We worked in partnership with CRDA in undertaking NGO days. We supported 4 NGO Day’s in the country to promote the work of civil society and to give the public an opportunity to see what civil society organizations were doing by having the open venues with the booth. Every NGO had a booth and they would be able to talk about what they were doing and where they were doing it. Also, government representative would come to that and be key note speakers, etc. It brought together government and civil society in having some kind of dialogue and appreciating the work and focusing on partnership in development. Also, we conducted enabling environment reviews every two years that looked at the improvements that were being made in partnership between civil society,

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Vol.1 No.2 January 2012

MUHAZE

increased or has remained the same as a result of the proclamation. Such as study has not yet been conducted. Yet, there is one global reality that needs to be accounted – the international financial crisis. There have been crises in the prices of food, oil, fertilizers, and finance. Some of these still persist. The financial crisis has had adverse impacts on various aspects of life. The crisis in Western countries has implications for civil society in terms of limiting funding. Donor agencies have received less funding to provide and some have even terminated financial support as a result of the crisis. This has created problems for civil society that are likely to persist for the near future. Based on media reports on the continued effect of the crisis on the US and Europe, I suspect that there will be less funding for civil society in the coming years.

Muhaz: What activities have been undertaken by PANE and the Civil Society Taskforce in connection with the new proclamation? Ato Eshetu:- We have been engaged in consultations with civil society as well as with the government towards a better and enabling framework based on various research outputs. A series of discussions were organized with various sector agencies including the Ministry of Justice as well as two discussion sessions with the Prime Minister. The draft was also discussed through the mass media. We have also been engaged in discussions with the Agency once it has been established. This has continued after the directives have been issued. Since the coming into effect of the proclamation, we have been working to enhance awareness among our members and the civil society sector in general. PANE in particular has been conducting awareness raising activities in the regions. These activities focused on how to operate within the legal regime, what to do on partnership issues, identifying capacity limitations, how to address identified limitations and similar issues. We have conducted a year-long radio program in collaboration with Radio Fana and the Agency to raise awareness in all regions. On the part of the Taskforce, we have developed proposals and secured funding from donors for projects (Adaptation Facility 1, and Adaptation Facility 2) to support organizations that may have been adversely affected by the new legal regime. Though limited in scope, we have also provided training workshops on relevant issues

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From page 7 in collaboration with various networks and donors. For instance, training workshops have been organized on constituency building, membership building, strategic planning, capacity building, institutional development, and development of various manuals. These have helped the organizations in their efforts to adapt to the new regime. We have also conducted similar activities at the regional level. Currently, we are working towards the revision of the directives. On the other hand, we have initiated similar adaptation projects targeting networks and individual organizations adversely affected by the implementation of the directives. The major rationale for the establishment of the Taskforce is the absence of a structure giving civil society a collective voice and engaging in dialogue with the government and donors. Though networks do exist, their goals and contributions are limited to their establishment objectives. The Taskforce, on the other hand, was established to bring together all civil society organizations and networks and to articulate a collective voice in engagements with development partners including the government and donors. The Taskforce is established on ad hoc basis; and it has not been registered. However, it is a structure recognized by the government for the purpose of the objectives indicated above.

Muhaz: What other challenges do you face? Ato Eshetu:- The challenges are many. First and foremost are resource limitations. For instance, capacity and resource shortages have prevented us from reaching a wider group of organizations. The second challenge is the absence of forums to engage with the government, donors and partners to discuss and resolve our problems. We also face internal challenges. Civil society organizations have been preoccupied with internal organizational issues and activities rather than coming to the collective forum in attempting to adapt to the changing circumstances. These are major among our problems. In addition, the application of the 70/30 rule to networks has emerged as a critical problem. The categorization of program activities as ‘administrative costs’ is a matter of special concern for us, as was explained in various forums.

Muhaz: What do you consider the positive and negative aspects of the 70/30 rule? Ato Eshetu:Networks and consortiums are established to achieve

various objectives. In defining networks as coordination structures, we have been prevented from undertaking our core establishment objectives. Though the directives do not explicitly prevent such activities, designation of our role as administrative deprives us of the capacity to do so. The second problem arises from the stipulation that we are to transfer all funds to our members and receive our budget as a share on their administrative costs. Since our members already face shortages in their allocations for administrative costs, they will not be able to share them with us. This issue should be reexamined. Thirdly, these directives could be applied retroactively. While we have been implementing activities planned in January 2011, the directives are to come into effect retroactively as of July 2011. How are we to manage the activities planned for the second half of the year? If we are to adapt, this would require a grace period of at least one year to study and deliberate upon the new rules and design mechanisms in anticipation of their implementation. However, no time has been provided for this purpose. We are told that “capacity building, common understanding, and facilitation is for your members; there is nothing you can resolve on your own”. For instance, PANE has never been a project implementing institution. What we do is building the capacity of our members, coordination and support to their activities. Now, there will be no financial resources to do this. Moreover, the continuing financial crisis is affecting donor agencies leaving them with less money to provide as funding to civil society. Even at the national level, many of the funding agencies are no longer providing financial support. On the other hand, the number of networks has reached 36 while individual organizations number 2,600. Thus, the demand for funding is enormous. These are the major problems. The directives also lack details. There are but a few provisions for networks on sources of funding, designation of our activities as administrative, and our coordination role. The directives do not elaborate on the application of the 70/30 rule. For instance, organizing a General Assembly meeting is an administrative task. If we are to call on them for approval whenever a new project is designed, it will be a very costly affair. Improvements on these issues will be important for the achievement of the objectives of the networks. Complaints from our members include the designation of costs integral to core programmes and activities such as the expenses of

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inion

MUHAZE underlined the critical importance of the first two years after birth for the physical and mental development of a child.

Stunting:

“

The Hidden Famine!” Dr. Tewoldeberhan is the (Ethiopia) Executive Director of a project working mainly on child nutrition issues under the maxim “alive and trive”. This project is named Alive and Thrive Ethiopia. The project, which is supported by the Bill and Malinda Gates Foundation, has completed two of its five year project period.

What is Stunting? Stunting is an expression of a state of undernourishment along with being under-weight, sickness, physical disability, death, etc ... The victim would not be forced to lay in bed, no drugs would restore good health, and it is not a fatal condition. Rather, it would deduct from our natural height and weight; reduce our mental capacities and limit our intellect, creativity and productivity; and, decimate out immunity to disease. These are only a few of its characteristic features that have made it a national enemy worse than famine. In fact, the lack of specific visible symptoms is why Dr. Tewoldeberhan and his colleagues call stunting “the invisible famine”. “Can you think of a mother who would take her child to the clinic on account of being too short?” Dr. Tewoldeberhan asked; and, I have to agree I can’t think of such a mother. For most Ethiopian parents a happy child is a healthy child irrespective of height or weight. This prevalent perception has allowed stunting to persist as an unrecognized problem for ages. It has hampered assessment of the extent of its adverse effects and prevented remedial measures. Dr. Tewoldeberhan has a simple definition of stunting as diminished capacity in mental and physical functioning. The Two International Studies The first truly international study on stunting focused on the correlation of weight and height with genetics, nutrition and age. Based on samples representing different races, geographic areas and cultures, the study concluded that all children under the age of five develop in a similar manner provided that they are subject to an appropriate nutritional regime. The racial, cultural and other

factors are manifested only in latter stages of development. The second study provides important information on the linkages between human height and nutrition. This study disaggregates the under-five age group into three developmental stages: 0 -24 months; up to 36 months; and, until the 59th month. The findings of the study identified the following losses in height among under nourished children for each age group:

0 -24 months

11 cm

up to 36 months

13.3 cm

up to 59 months

16.5 cm

Nutritionists believe that the two studies clearly indicate the overall importance of the nutritional regime prior to age five in human development. Thus, the studies show that the serious disease we have agreed to call stunting could be either treated or worsen during this early age bracket. Children who have benefited from the appropriate nutritional regime until their fifth birthday will be spared from the dangers of stunting; they will be safe from the life-long adverse effects of stunting. The studies have especially

In this day and age when the primary education coverage in the country has been officially reported to have reached 95%, around 44% of the students are stunted children. This is an important evidence of the entrenched “invisible famine” in Ethiopia.

Dr. Tewoldeberhan describes an appropriate nutritional regime briefly as: a child exclusively breast fed until the 6th month and provided with a balanced diet until the second birthday. A balanced diet incorporates the three nutritional groups, namely: vitamins (vegetables and fruits); energy providing nutrients (oils, butter and wheat); and, proteins (animal products and cereals).

Vol.1 No.2 January 2012

MY O

The Reality in Our Country No such studies have been conducted prior to 2000. The relevant studies were conducted in 2000, 2005 and 2010/11. According to these studies, around 44% of Ethiopian children are stunted, i.e. they have been held back from fully utilizing their physical and mental capabilities. In this day and age when the primary education coverage in the country has been officially reported to have reached 95%, around 44% of the students are stunted children. This is an important evidence of the entrenched “invisible famine” in Ethiopia. Dr. Tewoldeberhan believes that, in light of the progress achieved in the country across sectors during the last 10 to 15 years, more should have been done to address the problem of malnutrition in Ethiopia. The national strategy and programmes for nutrition came out 13 years after the publication of the National Heath Policy. The years of delay represent a period when the issue of stunting was forgotten. This is not helpful for a country striving towards achievement in various sectors and make poverty history. After a brief assessment of the situation in our country along the three fundamental causes of malnutrition, i.e. productivity, supply and utilization, we can but agree with Dr. Tewoldeberhan. Ethiopia is in a better position in relation to the first two important factors. However, much remains to be done in terms of utilization if most of the harmful effects of malnutrition are to be addressed. Action on the utilization aspect of malnutrition provides results in the short term and brings about holistic benefits. Thus, measures should be taken to enhance community awareness on nutrition issues and enable community members bring up healthy children. To this day, the nutritional awareness in

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Vol.1 No.2 January 2012

MUHAZE

PARGON An Act of Generosity Borne of Compassion

to Samuel Tafesse was born in the ‘Kirkos’ area of our capital city Addis Ababa. He was the first child for his parents.

Looking at what Ato Samuel has achieved now, one may be inclined to assume that his wealth is a result of substantial inheritance. This could not be any farther from the truth. Ato Samuel Tafesse did not inherit wealth, money, gold, an estate or cars from his father; rather, his legacy had been his skills as a painter. That was what set him on the road to his success today. Ato Tafesse used to work as a painter with the Addis Ababa Hot Springs Organization. Ato Samuel, then a strapping youth, spent his out of school hours helping and learning from his father at his job. Sometimes, he also strived to help his family’s finances selling small items. Ato Samuel had a vision at a very early age – to work towards a better life. By the time he completed high school his father was a pensioner and he as the eldest child had to take on the bulk of the family responsibilities. Ato Samuel, who has developed a strong work ethic and learned his father’s skills at an early age, decided to seek a license. However, the licensing process required a bank balance of ten thousand birr which is a challenge for Ato Samuel since he had no more than five hundred birr at the time. Yet, this was not an impassable obstacle for Ato Samuel. He convinced friends to put the required ten thousand birr in his account and secured his 9th grade construction license in 1983/84 (1976 E.C.). He started his carrier repairing and painting old and dilapidated houses the same year.

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In 1993/94 (1986 E.C.), ten years after securing his first construction license, Ato Samuel Tafesse established the now renowned 1st grade construction company - ‘Sunshine Construction’ - with

We bring stories of those who get into philanthropy on their own initiative

his wife W/ro Fetlework Ilala. The vision born with a mere 500 birr now operates with billions and is a source of livelihood for thousands. Ato Samuel is the owner and managing director of Sunshine Construction. But, this is only part of who is. He is also the founder of the Sunshine Construction Charitable Foundation. The Foundation is testament to the fact that Ato Samuel is as diligent in philanthropy as he is in his work. The Foundation was legally registered and started its operation in 2007/08 (2002 E.C.). However, Ato Samuel has been engaged in charitable activities in various regions in connection with construction projects. These activities included the construction of health clinics, water wells, stadiums, places of worship, etc ...

Ato Samuel charitable activities The establishment of the Foundation is a continuation of these acts of generosity sympathy for others. In particular, Ato Samuel’s compassion towards AIDS orphans, elders without access to care and support led him to consult his family to do something that would permanently impact on their lives. The establishment of the Foundation is a realization of this dream.

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PARGON

MUHAZE

The activities of the Foundation have a dual focus. The first targets AIDS orphans and children from extremely poor families. The second seeks to benefit elders without support and care who have been forced into begging. The Foundation has been implementing these interventions in Oromia, Tigray, Amhara and SNNP regional states. A school has been constructed and opened in Nekemt town of the Oromia Region at an outlay of five million birr. 300 children from poor families and orphaned children attending the school are provided with support including educational materials, school uniforms, and 150 birr allowance. Similarly, the Sunshine charity school built in Axum town of the Tigray Regional State at a cost of seven million birr has been benefiting a large number of children since its inauguration in 2011 (2003 E.C.). The foundation established by Ato Samuel and his family has provided a total of 12 million birr for the construction of the schools and educational supplies. In addition, a monthly budget of one hundred

thousand birr has been allocated to each school to facilitate the educational process on top of the support provided for the students. The construction of more schools in the Amhara and SNNP regions at a cost of 15 million birr is expected to be completed in the near future. The school under construction in Agena town in the Gurage Zone of the SNNPRS with an outlay of 9 million birr could accommodate 200 out service and 200 resident children from poor families. He is especially committed to helping elders living in difficult circumstances with no one to care for them in their old age. To this end, he is at an early stage of implementing a plan to build care facilities for the elderly at two locations in Addis Ababa through the Foundation. The Sunshine Charitable Foundation has conducted (and is still conducting) these and many other charitable activities towards realizing its vision of â&#x20AC;&#x153;eradicating begging within five years, if possible, and reducing povertyâ&#x20AC;?. The financial resources that made these activities possible did not come from donor agencies or governments, but from the revenues of Sunshine Construction. Such acts of generosity call for encouragement. To the extent possible, every Ethiopian should practice and internalize charitable conduct.

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MUHAZE

From page 11

...The Hidden Famine!” trainers’ fees, research, monitoring and evaluation as administrative costs. Had there been forums to discuss the implications of each rule and find solutions to problems, there would be opportunities for re-assessment and corrective measures by the agency. This would have enabled proper and legitimate operations in the sector. The civil society sector, on its part, should develop its own ethical code of conduct with particular focus on transparency and accountability in the sector as a whole as well as in the relationships between networks and member organizations.

From page 10 Ethiopia is characterized by harmful practices such as perceived dangers of breastfeeding new-born children until the breast milk turns white, selling nutritious eggs to buy processed biscuits for children, and giving children watery-thin soup for fear that meat will harm their digestion. Unless these practices are addressed through awareness and education, the national stunting problem cannot be solved. “Alive and Thrive Ethiopia” In elaborating on the establishment of “alive and thrive Ethiopia”, Dr. Tewoldeberhan said, “Our project was initiated with the recognition that our approach to prevention and treatment of stunting is not satisfactory, and was informed by the two studies mentioned above”. The project works towards behavioural change on nutritional issues with emphasis on ensuring that children under the age of two benefit from an appropriate nutritional regime. Through community focused programmes operating in four regional states we educate mothers to breastfeed their children for the first six months and feed them a balanced diet from 6 to 24 months. The project strives to identify and address challenges of child nutrition through public education aligned with the appropriate policy framework. The aim is to ensure a healthy nutritional regime for children through faceto-face counselling services and by creating partnerships with government bodies, charitable institutions, community representatives and religious institutions. The recent mass-media programmes are among the major awareness creation strategies we have been implementing. The dissemination of information in various indigenous languages via radio and television advertisements, dramas, leaflets, etc ... will continue to be an important part of this effort. Achievements /Opportunities Dr. Tewoldeberhan admires the efforts made by the country in addressing this critical problem, especially since 2008. In his words, “The development of a national

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nutritional strategy and programmes is the most admirable achievement at the national level”. He also appreciates the efforts of the government to identify and resolve problems around the strategy and programmes are also important. For instance, the conference organized last year in Addis Ababa has identified the slow progress so far and highlighted the need to pick up the speed in reducing stunting. This reflects the commitment of the government to address the issue. It is often said that healthy nutrition cannot be successfully implemented through interventions in any one sector. The other opportunity is the increasing number of partner organizations engaged in the sector. Though still at an early stage, we have heard that the American USAID and Canadian CIDA are planning to join the nutrition sector and implement various large initiatives. This will ‘stunt’ stunting.

Challenges and Problems The first challenge for organizations working in Ethiopia on nutrition issues is the low level of awareness. The problem has been aggravated by lack of knowledge on utilization despite availability and quality. The success and failure of interventions to address this gap depends on the level of reception. However, the most important challenge arises from the level of attention given to the issue by the government. It is still too low, much too low. Policy makers should accord the issue the highest priority. Unless we give it a level of attention in par with the economic infrastructure we consider so important for our survival, we are not likely to see results soon. Stunting should be recognized as a threat to the very lives of the next generation; a problem that would reduce productivity and hamper our development effort. Accordingly, we should act swiftly on this issue, Dr. Tewoldeberhan said.

Muhaz: What measures should the government take to address these problems? Ato Eshetu:- I have previously highlighted the need to organize forums to discuss on the various thematic issues covered by the proclamation with civil society representatives. These discussions should be conducted in a constructive manner on the basis of good-faith, dialogue and partnership. We need to identify the implications of each stipulation based on research and empirical evidence from the field. For instance, we could submit the challenges and obstacles to our operation with supporting evidence. We need to organize forums to discuss these issues. Thirdly, the government should take these into account and take corrective measures with a view to supporting the contributions of the sector. Moreover, the formation of networks at the higher level would be beneficial. There is one recent initiative accountable to the Ministry of Federal Affairs. The Ministry is in the process of organizing a quarterly forum involving relevant sector administrators, donors, and 3 representatives of civil society. This forum should first focus on the legal regime and proceed to national development issues once the legal issues have been resolved. The focal issues could cover civil society contributions to poverty reduction in various sectors; cross cutting issues in the GTP; gaps in the achievement of MDGs; etc ... Discussions with donors could cover civil society issues; and, transparency and accountability in donors’ funding mechanisms. In addition, the civil society sector could meet regularly to discuss its challenges in a clear and appropriate manner and seek solutions.

Station ers

olunte V t u o b a s t c a weet F

Vol.1 No.2 January 2012

MUHAZE

into is translates f service. Th o rs u o h n io rovided 8 bill volunteers p an ic er m A n io 1.8 mill een  In 2008 6 ic crisis. Betw llars. o m d o n n o io ill ec b al 2 n 6 io 1 at an estimated ite the intern the rise desp n o n ry service. ee b as nteers h joined volunta lu e vo av f h o s er al b u id m rted div  The nu ns have repo al 1 million in t organizatio , an addition fi 8 0 ro 0 -p 2 n d o n an f o 7 pressed 200 cent cent have ex er around 37 per p 9 8 0 4 0 2 d n ly u o Ju ar to f. Moreover, tember 2008 volunteer staf r  From Sep ei th f o er b the num tions to an increase in the future. d local institu increases in an er rs h u rt o b fu h n g o ei n confidence tings and ing with their dance at mee als cooperat en u tt id A iv t. d n in ce f o er er 7 1p 07 the numb creased by 1 increase of 3  Since 20 s has also in has shown an m s le b m ro le p b ro ity p munity ing commun address com rism in resolv ta n lu vo r fo g callin conferences the numbers This exceeds . 4 2 d an 6 t. 1 n lunteers perce etween r half of the vo teers aged b n fo lu t n vo u n co io ac ill .24 m young people there were 8 indicate that s er  In 2008, b m u n e 41,000. Thes for 2007 by 4 ice more youth are tw r ei th in sm of voluntari world-wide. an experience ad h e av h o h w n volunteers. ged persons had never bee o h w se o th  Middle-a s than me volunteer New Haven likely to beco y of Greater a W d e ifi n U : Source

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Vol.1 No.2 January 2012

MUHAZE

Pact Ethiopia...

From page 9 government, and the whole operating environment. That was done independently from Pact with the external consultants and those external consultants would talk to a variety of people. They would be here in Addis, they would go out to visit project, they would look at the international community, the local NGO community, local government, regional government and federal level government to try to figure out how things were operating, was it a positive movement. Those reports were sent to anybody who requested them. They were public documents but we used them to try to get recommendations to what we could do to more effectively bring together that partnership and one of the activities that we had was to have exposure tours outside of Ethiopia. We took various government officials as well as civil society and then Pact’s staff would be team leader to different developing countries to look at different aspects of development; how the government in Bangladesh worked together with civil society, we looked how did organizations in Bangladesh for example network ,what was their process and how did they bring together network. We studied how these three components - government, civil society, and partnership work together, the network and also, the sector. In Bangladesh, we looked at education, the BRAC model of education, non formal education. We always had three areas that we were looking at; the partnership, collaboration between government and civil society, the networking in a particular sector. We had a number of exposure tours; we did an assessment on those exposure tours to look at what was the outcome, what the impact. There were multi level impacts but the first being that when people travel together they form relationships that aren’t possible when you’re in your country. And there is a dialogue that took place that important and very strategic. Also, having a little bit of exposure of how other countries operated. This may seem like normal today but at that time (of 96,97,98,99,even 2000) there was not much of that taking place and there weren’t opportunities for civil society and government representative to be able to travel together and to work together on a specific area; sector, networking and relationship building. Pact sponsored trips to Bangladesh, South Africa, Philippine’s, Thailand, Zimbabwe, Bolivia and Peru for micro finance, etc. For the Bolivia and Peru trip, that was the time when they were looking at having a regulatory policy in place and this trip provided the guidance on establishing a formal MFI. Pact also looked at the policy in monitoring and interest rates in Bolivia and Peru which in South America they are the strongest in micro finance.

objectives. The networking was very difficult because at the time, and I would argue today, civil society was not at a maturity level to come together to share information to allow them to work together to have a common voice. I would argue that in some instances that is still the case today, which is unfortunate. I think that there are some networks that are very effective. Education is I think from my experience here the strongest sector of civil society in Ethiopia. Networking is a very sensitive issue and it took quite a lot of effort to try to bring organizations together to understand the role of networks, the different kinds of networks that could be put together, and the basic principles of networking. We were able to help to facilitate I think up to nine networks that were independent, and were not part and parcel of Pact. Some of them exist today and are sustained that includes the education network, NEWA, the micro finance network (the Association of Micro Finance Institutions in Ethiopia/AMFI, orphans and vulnerable children’s network, etc.

Conclusion The major success has been in building capacity of civil society organizations, building strong partnerships across government bodies and civil society and focusing on sustainable development. The success has been in having civil society do their work better and more efficiently and that they are now more transparent and more accountable to their constituencies. Today many of them, almost all of the strongest NGOs in Ethiopia, were under this program. So that’s what I would call success.

The networking component was a challenge and the most difficult of all three

WHERE DO YOU PUT YOUR ORGANIZATION? From page 9

3.The Role of the Board in Governance SN

Dimension

Your Board periodically reviews the performance of the organisation in relation to the objectives set out in the strategic plan

Your Board receives adequately detailed and timely information to perform its oversight functions effectively

Your Board has a formal and transparent procedure for the election of new members that is based on merit and needed skills

Your Board conducts regular evaluations of its own performance and capacity needs

Your organisation involves beneficiaries in Board discussions and decisions

Your Board has procedures for selecting, monitoring and evaluating the performance of the Executive Director/Head of the organisation

Your organisation has a clear separation of roles between the Board and management

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Yes

WHERE DO YOU PUT YOUR ORGANIZATION? 1. Availability of the Following Governance Documents SN

YES

Dimensions

Articles of association

Vol.1 No.2 January 2012

MUHAZE

By-laws (Internal rules) Valid certificate of registration Project document 3 to 5 years Strategic Plan Organizational code of conduct Operational Plan Brochure Human resource administration policy Financial resource administration policy Material resource administration policy Resource mobilization policy Annual audit reports Annual activity reports Program/project evaluation reports Policy of Conflict of Interest Policy of whistleblowers Official receipts and vouchers

2. Accountable Governance SN

Dimensions

YES

Your organisation is legally registered with the appropriate authorities and complies with all relevant national legislation Your organisation has basic documents that formally identify where and how decisions are made Your organisation has a mission, vision, values and goals that are known throughout the organisation and shared with the public Your organisation has a strategic plan that has been developed through a participatory process, is shared publicly and against which progress is monitored and evaluated Your organisation produces an annual report that is disseminated widely and that lists: key financial figures, basic governance structures, activities undertaken and lessons learnt Your organisation actively ensures there are no conflict of interests among staff and members Your organisation is consistent in what information it makes publicly available Your organization has a code of conduct to regulate the behaviour of its staff and Board of Directors Your organization has information disclosure policy Your organizationâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s financial information, governance structure, activities, and listing of officers and partnerships are open and accessible to public scrutiny

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wealthier NGO’s having far more space to talk and lead the events, while others were marginalized”

Vol.1 No.2 January 2012

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Some Thoughts... From page 5

ponder that “the new Davos agenda as a WSF victory.” They contend that although “the exact impact of alter-globalization movements is unclear; it seems safe to assume that their challenging positions do indeed influence considerably, if not immediately, the international agenda.” On the other hand critiques of the movement do not full concur with the alleged impressive achievements gained by the movement. Citing the visible setbacks, they are of the opinion that the movement is “running out of steam, or even that it was in decline.” One of the setbacks identified, in this regard, is the Forum’s inability of breaking from “the repetition of the same debates and arguments”, commonly seen in the successive annual gathering. Another allegation made by the ardent supporter and participants of the movement is that “the Forum is becoming a place where it is impossible to hold an actual debate or to have real dialogue in the formal sessions.” While appraising the performance of the Forum, critiques have also come to concluded that the former has miserably failed to produce a

concrete proposal that leads to action. Logically, they argue, “exchange and reflection are generally followed by move to action”. But again, when it comes to the Forum, this is not the case. To all intents and purposes, observers note, “If WSF is unable to produce concrete proposals, its call for another world will remain a mere utopia.” Another criticism leveled against the World Social Forum is the ever growing tendency to replacing popular movements of the poor with NGOs. “Movements of the poor in poorer parts of the world, like Africa, have argued that they are almost completely excluded from the forum and in countries like Kenya and South Africa they have protested against donor funded NGOs that…determine and dominate African representation at the forum. It has also been argued that NGOs sometimes compete with popular grassroots movements for access to the forum and for influence there.” Observer’s cities the 2007 World Social Forum held in Nairobi, Kenya as a case in point. The 2007 edition of the Forum “was criticized as a ‘NGO fair’ because of how many NGOs’ attended, crowding out less formal groups of activists. Also, it has been alleged that at the Forum not all the attendees were properly represented, with the bigger and

The Forum has also been criticized for failing to maintain class, race, and gender balance in the composition of the organizers. Needless to say that “The World Social Forum is one of the most diverse events held on earth, but the few people that organize the event are often European or Brazilian intellectuals.” As a result, the Forum “remains largely led by aging males, mostly white or honorary white, from middle and upper class and caste sections from settler societies around the world”. Critiques also view “The new face of WEF clearly leads to a threat for WSF: the loss of its own legitimacy.” According to these observers, “The classic criticism of the inadequate representative ness of civil society is now highlighted by the democratic legitimacy of the new political champions of development – British, French and German heads of state. The legitimacy of WSF as the advocate of the poor and marginalized is therefore at risk, raising doubts about its future.” They further note “Inspired by the necessity to stand for of the voiceless victims of globalization and underdevelopment, what legitimacy is left to WSF if democratically elected leaders now eventually play a similar role?”

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