Co-Opolis

CO - OPOLIS A cooperative Vision for the Heksenberg quarry that combines assembly, practicing politics, exchanging knowledge and recreation.

P5

B.de Hartog 26/06/14

Tutors: Hans Teeds, Marta Relats, Bas Gremmen

Welcome CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

The quarry CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

extension Brunsummerheide

bio-mass plant extension of Brunsummerheide

museum of mining history

Koempel Cooperatief

agrictultural restaurant

biological horeca / agricultural education koempel coop

waste treatment plant

cooperative care-housing

recreational swimming

hydraulic dam solar panel ďŹ eld

Model CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

INDEX CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

01)

Problem Definition Follow the money

02)

The co-operative as an autonomous organization

03)

The people’s palace as architectural typology

04)

The quarry Heerlen / Mining history

05)

The process The struggle to reach a compromise

06)

Public Power Plant conditions for growth

07)

The Koempel Cooperative Architectural Strategy

08)

Conclusion Questions

INDEX CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

01)

Problem Definition Follow the money

02)

The co-operative as an autonomous organization

03)

The people’s palace as architectural typology

04)

The quarry Heerlen / Mining history

05)

The process The struggle to reach a compromise

06)

Public Power Plant conditions for growth

07)

The Koempel Cooperative Architectural Strategy

08)

Conclusion Questions

Problem Definition CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

Problem Definition CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

Problem Definition CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

Do municipalities work for us as representatives, or merely for themselves?

The local administration building their own “gemeentepaleizen” The presentation of the municipality as a brand How does the proposed decentralization influence the proposed “participatiesamenleving”?

Problem Definition CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

How to engage civil society in the development and maintenance of public services?

INDEX CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

01)

Problem Definition Follow the money

02)

The co-operative as an autonomous organization

03)

The people’s palace as architectural typology

04)

The quarry Heerlen / Mining history

05)

The process The struggle to reach a compromise

06)

Public Power Plant conditions for growth

07)

The Koempel Cooperative Architectural Strategy

08)

Conclusion Questions

THE CO-OPERATIVE CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

THE CO-OPERATIVE CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

Even though it’s crisis, still growing strong?

THE CO-OPERATIVE Don José Maria Arizmendiarrieta, PREACHER

CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

“Cooperativism seeks to create a new state of conscience, of culture in a word, through the humanization of power through democracy in economic affairs, and through solidarity, which impedes the formation of privileged classes.

Here and now it assigns a functional value to property. That property is valued in so far as it serves as an efficient resource for building responsibility and efficiency in any vision of community life in a decentralized form.”

James E. Meade, ECONOMIST

“By spreading the ownership of capital we can gradually work towards a mean, as opposed to a welfare state with high taxes. Large ownership of capital will still provide more room to save, and to generate income from this, though it remains relative in comparison to that of a small capital owner.

Investment in education is the only way to rise earning power for the poor.“

Alternative methods of organization for society/communities:

The co-operative movement from the Basque town of Mondragon.

James E. Meade’s proposal for a property-owning democracy.

INDEX CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

01)

Problem Definition Follow the money

02)

The co-operative as an autonomous organization

03)

The people’s palace as architectural typology

04)

The quarry Heerlen / Mining history

05)

The process The struggle to reach a compromise

06)

Public Power Plant conditions for growth

07)

The Koempel Cooperative Architectural Strategy

08)

Conclusion Questions

THE PEOPLE’S PALACE CO-OPOLIS

THE PEOPLE´S PALACE a case study of 20th century designs of buildings for assembly, practicing politics, exchanging knowledge and recreation.

Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

Casa del Popolo

Volkshaus

Palais du Peuple

Assembly Hall

Dom Kultury

Ateneo Popular

Volkshuis

노동자의 궁전

THE PEOPLE’S PALACE CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

“The house of the people was a site of recreation, socialization and the realization of an alternate moral universe.”

bringing together diverse organizations financed collectivity by members managed democratically participation was not limited by economic and social life of the subaltern classes

THE PEOPLE’S PALACE CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

TABLE OF CONTENT INTRODUCTION the necessity of a truly public space

THE PEOPLE’S PALACE architecture’s relation to politics and economy the cooperative’s houses as a place of resistance buildings intended to form community

CASE-STUDIES BE RU IT FR SE NL GB BR

Brussels - Victor Horta Moscow - Konstantin Melnikov Como - Terragni Clichy - Jean Prouvé Eslöv - Hans Asplund Dronten - Frank van Klingeren London - Cedric Price Sao Paolo - Lina Bo Bardi

CONCLUSIONS reflecting on the different examples, their connections, and the possibility of a typology

INDEX CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

01)

Problem Definition Follow the money

02)

The co-operative as an autonomous organization

03)

The people’s palace as architectural typology

04)

The quarry Heerlen / Mining history

05)

The process The struggle to reach a compromise

06)

Public Power Plant conditions for growth

07)

The Koempel Cooperative Architectural Strategy

08)

Conclusion Questions

THE QUARRY CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

Characteristics of influence at the site

Limburg’s struggle with shrinkage and unemployment.

The recent history as a miner community.

The discrepancies within the town between quantity/quality, urban/rural and conservative/progressive.

THE QuaRRY CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

MAsterplan 2009 Masterplan Zandgroeves Heerlen

Masterplan 45

THE QUARRY CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

Sferen Masterplan 2009 48

Masterplan Zandgroeves Heerlen

Masterplan GP / ARCADIS

45

THE QUARRY CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

TIMELINE OF EVENTS IN THE HISTORY OF ORANJE NASSAU MINES: 1899

The opening of the Oranje Nassau Mine

1901 Beginning of the Staatsmijnen 1922

Opening of the Ondergrondse Vakschool

1940 Rapid growth and industrialisation of mining industry 1945 Decline in demand for Dutch coal 1965 Den Uyl announces closing of the mines 1974 Last mine closed, start of the program “from black to green”

THE QUARRY CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

PROVIDED: WEALTH & IDENTITY

1968

THE QUARRY CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

FROM COAL TO QUARTZ-SAND

THE QUARRY CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

LOST ISLAND

INDEX CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

01)

Problem Definition Follow the money

02)

The co-operative as an autonomous organization

03)

The people’s palace as architectural typology

04)

The quarry Heerlen / Mining history

05)

The process The struggle to reach a compromise

06)

Public Power Plant conditions for growth

07)

The Koempel Cooperative Architectural Strategy

08)

Conclusion Questions

THE PROCESS CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

1900 - 1968

1980 - 2020

2015 - .....

Shifting Interest

From a state mine To a private quarry Towards a public development

KoeMPeL CooPeratieF

THE PROCESS

people

CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

private

public Masterplan

Masterplan Zandgroeves Heerlen

45

THE PROCESS

people

CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

We want to make as much money as possible!

private

Masterplan Zandgroeves Heerlen

public Masterplan 45

THE PROCESS

people

CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

We don’t want to be responsible because we have no money!

private

Public

Masterplan Masterplan Zandgroeves Heerlen

45

THE PROCESS

We want this land to become something we can use!

CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

People

private

public Masterplan

Masterplan Zandgroeves Heerlen

45

THE PROCESS CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

THE PROCESS CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

botanical garden

megastal

zero-emission housing

nature reserve

Possible infills in icons:

society owns/manages quarry

biggest sandpit in NL

adventure sports

mining/quarry knowledge center

Flexplekken Eiland Uitkijkpunt Grafheuvel Cultuurrersevaat Mijn- openlucht museum Bedrijvenpark Moes- / Volkstuinen Biologische horeca Compensatie: eigen achtertuin verlengd Deel groeve als gemeenschappelijke achtertuin Landbouw Openluchttheater Megastal Kenniscentrum Groevegebied Evenemententerrein Educatieve route Wandwonen Landgoed Woningen afbreken Woonalternatief in de groeve bieden Drijvende woningen Kamperen Bed & Breakfast Bungalow park Zelfvoorzienend wonen Gespecialialiseerd vakantiepark Gespecialiseerd woninggebied

Villa’s Mobile homes

Speelparadijs Wandelpaden Spotplaatsen Tijdelijk gebruik grond Modelspoorbaan Giga Glijbaan Hondenuitlaatplek Apenkooi/kinderboerderij Recreatieve routes De grootste zandbak van Nederland Natuurreservaat Eetbaar park Uitbereiding natuurgebied Botanische tuin Speelbos Bos 1 diersoort leefgebied

Bewoners beheren gebied zelf Overheid/gemeente beheren gebied Geen beheer .

THE PROCESS CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

Conclusions:

all inhabitants seemed very defensive and seemed demotivated by the process Their main interest is that the company leaves so that the space becomes usable Some of them saw something in a more radical landscape

INDEX CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

01)

Problem Definition Follow the money

02)

The co-operative as an autonomous organization

03)

The people’s palace as architectural typology

04)

The quarry Heerlen / Mining history

05)

The process The struggle to reach a compromise

06)

Public Power Plant conditions for growth

07)

The Koempel Cooperative Architectural Strategy

08)

Conclusion Questions

PUBLIC POWER PLANT CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

Brunssum

Tevrenerheide

Hoensbroek Brunsummerheide

Public Power Plant

Landgraaf

Heerlen

PUBLIC POWER PLANT CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

KOEMPEL COOPERATIEF

PUBLIC POWER PLANT CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

extension Brunsummerheide

bio-mass plant extension of Brunsummerheide

museum of mining history

Koempel Cooperatief

agrictultural restaurant

biological horeca / agricultural education koempel coop

waste treatment plant

cooperative care-housing

recreational swimming

hydraulic dam solar panel ďŹ eld

PUBLIC POWER PLANT CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

PUBLIC POWER PLANT CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

PUBLIC POWER PLANT

CO - OPOLIS

CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

STARTING FROM SCRATCH

FORMING OF AN IDENTITY

2015

EDUCATE EACHOTHER

2018 

ASSEMBLING POWER

2021 

AGRICULTURE

REAP WHAT YOU SOW

2024 

AGRICULTURE

2027 

2030 

AGRICULTURE

AGRICULTURE

THE SITE

BIOMASS PLANT

BIOMASS PLANT

THE CO-OP

BIOMASS PLANT

THE CO-OP

HOUSING

THE CO-OP

HOUSING

HOUSING

ALGUE-FARM

VACANT

SOWING

ALGUE-FARM

TRANSFORMING

PRODUCING

PUBLIC POWER PLANT

KOEMPEL COOPERATIEF

ACTIVITIES production services recreation

CO-OPERATIVE

1.  

PEOPLE’S PALACE PLANS / SECTIONS

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

 

 

 

 

 









INDEX CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

01)

Problem Definition Follow the money

02)

The co-operative as an autonomous organization

03)

The people’s palace as architectural typology

04)

The quarry Heerlen / Mining history

05)

The process The struggle to reach a compromise

06)

Public Power Plant conditions for growth

07)

The Koempel Cooperative Architectural Strategy

08)

Conclusion Questions

THE KOEMPEL COOPERATIVE CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

BUILDING WITH/IN THE GROUND

BUILDING WITH THE LANDSCAPE

THE KOEMPEL COOPERATIVE PHASE 1

CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

A call for ideas is launched by the transformation group, to developed a vision for the in�ill of the Heksenberg quarry.

Five engaged citizens decide to enter the competition together to see if they can together create a vision that will lead to an interesting new landscape. They imagine using the sand as the ground for the rest of the program to grow, and ask Sibelco to place the residual sand at a vacant part of the quarry which they can use for their ideas.

1

Static consolidation

1

Landshaping

2

Sheet-piling and grouted anchors

2

Tent poles

3

Concrete floorslabs

3

Canvas/plastic cover

4

Concrete wall

4

Steel columns

5

Earthen wall

5

Beams and trusses

6

Insulation / finishing

6

Corrugated steel panels

7

Permanent roof

7

Frames and glazing

8

Interior floor

8

Installation

9

Extension / adaptation

9

Extension / adaptation

PHASE 2 After winning the competition they are allowed to organize the �irst events, and they develop a basic method so that they can use the residual sand to build interventions in the sand that can be used for the events.

By carving out parts of the landscape with sheet piling, and covering sections of it with a lightweight structure they create a temporary café and a dome for theater/concerts.

PHASE 3 By adding a �loor they create the foundation for the rest of the building to grow on. The lightweight tent-structures are used to protect the building site from �looding, while the sheet-piling keep the groundwater out.

PHASE 4 The sheet-piling is removed and replaced by a concrete wall, creating the concrete-tub to support the spaces function. The tent poles are being replaced with steel columns to make a more solid structure that protects the building, but because they are �ixed with bolts they are still easily removed and replaced.

PHASE 5 The concrete walls form the water-retaining base to build above ground, which is done with the residual earth from the excavation process. By building a timber mold and then �illing it up with layers of stamped earth, the walls are built up to their proper height. Steel beams and trusses are added to create spaces with a conditioned climate.

PHASE 6 The interior facade of the building can be insulated with either stonewool or a water system, and the be �inished for which ceramic tiles made with the quartz-sand from the quarry are used. The roof is made up out of corrugated steel sandwichpanels, which contain the insulating layers and on which solar panels can be placed.

PHASE 7 The distinction between the intermediate space and the actual functions is being highlighted by the construction of a permanent earthen roof. The corrugated panels are removed and the earthen construction is built from the wall on up. A frame is built in the openings which can then be �illed with a window frame and glazing, but also removed in a later stage.

PHASE 8 The interior is built into the space, by raising the �loor adding space for the ventilation and �loor heating systems. The height differences are used to de�ine different zones within the building to appropriate to a certain use.

PHASE 9 Some intersections in the building are designed to function as a connection point between the different parts of the building, this temporary in�ill is then removed (being a windowframe or concrete �illing block) and replaced. The removed elements can be used in a new part of the building.

THE KOEMPEL COOPERATIVE CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

THE KOEMPEL COOPERATIVE CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

TERRACE

INSTALLATION GARDEN

WORKSHOP

SCULPTURE GARDEN

AMPHITHEATER SQUARE

CIRCULATION AXO CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P4 / 20.05.2014

GALLERY

THE KOEMPEL COOPERATIVE CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

TRESHOLD INTERIOR

SECTION CIRCULATION CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P4 / 20.05.2014

INTERIOR CIRCULATION

EXTERIOR CIRCULATION

SQUARE

THE KOEMPEL COOPERATIVE CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

THE KOEMPEL COOPERATIVE CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

THE KOEMPEL COOPERATIVE CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

THE KOEMPEL COOPERATIVE CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

PLAN/SECTION OFFICE CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

1/100

THE KOEMPEL COOPERATIVE CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

extension Brunsummerheide

bio-mass plant extension of Brunsummerheide

museum of mining history

Koempel Cooperatief

agrictultural restaurant

biological horeca / agricultural education koempel coop

waste treatment plant

cooperative care-housing

recreational swimming

hydraulic dam solar panel ďŹ eld

THE KOEMPEL COOPERATIVE CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

GREYWATER FILTERING

ELECTRICITY STORAGE

HEAT ROOF

VENTILATION SHAFT WATER STORAGE

SOLAR ROOF

GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMP

AUTARCHY AXO CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P4 / 20.05.2014

THE KOEMPEL COOPERATIVE CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

DAYLIGHT

ELECTRICITY

HEAT ROOF

WATER RESERVOIR AIR TREATMENT INSTALLATION

SECTION AUTARCHY CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P4 / 20.05.2014

INDEX CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

01)

Problem Definition Follow the money

02)

The co-operative as an autonomous organization

03)

The people’s palace as architectural typology

04)

The quarry Heerlen / Mining history

05)

The process The struggle to reach a compromise

06)

Public Power Plant conditions for growth

07)

The Koempel Cooperative Architectural Strategy

08)

Conclusion Questions

CONCLUSION CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014

A new role for the architect?

CO - OPOLIS A cooperative Vision for the Heksenberg quarry that combines assembly, practicing politics, exchanging knowledge and recreation.

P5

B.de Hartog 26/06/14

Tutors: Hans Teeds, Marta Relats, Bas Gremmen