CO - OPOLIS A cooperative Vision for the Heksenberg quarry that combines assembly, practicing politics, exchanging knowledge and recreation.
P5
B.de Hartog 26/06/14
Tutors: Hans Teeds, Marta Relats, Bas Gremmen
Welcome CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
The quarry CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
extension Brunsummerheide
bio-mass plant extension of Brunsummerheide
museum of mining history
Koempel Cooperatief
agrictultural restaurant
biological horeca / agricultural education koempel coop
waste treatment plant
cooperative care-housing
recreational swimming
hydraulic dam solar panel ďŹ eld
Model CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
INDEX CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
01)
Problem Definition Follow the money
02)
The co-operative as an autonomous organization
03)
The people’s palace as architectural typology
04)
The quarry Heerlen / Mining history
05)
The process The struggle to reach a compromise
06)
Public Power Plant conditions for growth
07)
The Koempel Cooperative Architectural Strategy
08)
Conclusion Questions
INDEX CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
01)
Problem Definition Follow the money
02)
The co-operative as an autonomous organization
03)
The people’s palace as architectural typology
04)
The quarry Heerlen / Mining history
05)
The process The struggle to reach a compromise
06)
Public Power Plant conditions for growth
07)
The Koempel Cooperative Architectural Strategy
08)
Conclusion Questions
Problem Definition CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
Problem Definition CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
Problem Definition CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
Do municipalities work for us as representatives, or merely for themselves?
The local administration building their own “gemeentepaleizen” The presentation of the municipality as a brand How does the proposed decentralization influence the proposed “participatiesamenleving”?
Problem Definition CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
How to engage civil society in the development and maintenance of public services?
INDEX CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
01)
Problem Definition Follow the money
02)
The co-operative as an autonomous organization
03)
The people’s palace as architectural typology
04)
The quarry Heerlen / Mining history
05)
The process The struggle to reach a compromise
06)
Public Power Plant conditions for growth
07)
The Koempel Cooperative Architectural Strategy
08)
Conclusion Questions
THE CO-OPERATIVE CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
THE CO-OPERATIVE CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
Even though it’s crisis, still growing strong?
THE CO-OPERATIVE Don José Maria Arizmendiarrieta, PREACHER
CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
“Cooperativism seeks to create a new state of conscience, of culture in a word, through the humanization of power through democracy in economic affairs, and through solidarity, which impedes the formation of privileged classes.
Here and now it assigns a functional value to property. That property is valued in so far as it serves as an efficient resource for building responsibility and efficiency in any vision of community life in a decentralized form.”
James E. Meade, ECONOMIST
“By spreading the ownership of capital we can gradually work towards a mean, as opposed to a welfare state with high taxes. Large ownership of capital will still provide more room to save, and to generate income from this, though it remains relative in comparison to that of a small capital owner. Investment in education is the only way to rise earning power for the poor.“
Alternative methods of organization for society/communities:
The co-operative movement from the Basque town of Mondragon. James E. Meade’s proposal for a property-owning democracy.
INDEX CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
01)
Problem Definition Follow the money
02)
The co-operative as an autonomous organization
03)
The people’s palace as architectural typology
04)
The quarry Heerlen / Mining history
05)
The process The struggle to reach a compromise
06)
Public Power Plant conditions for growth
07)
The Koempel Cooperative Architectural Strategy
08)
Conclusion Questions
THE PEOPLE’S PALACE CO-OPOLIS
THE PEOPLE´S PALACE a case study of 20th century designs of buildings for assembly, practicing politics, exchanging knowledge and recreation.
Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
Casa del Popolo
Volkshaus
Palais du Peuple
Assembly Hall
Dom Kultury
Ateneo Popular
Volkshuis
노동자의 궁전
THE PEOPLE’S PALACE CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
“The house of the people was a site of recreation, socialization and the realization of an alternate moral universe.”
bringing together diverse organizations financed collectivity by members managed democratically participation was not limited by economic and social life of the subaltern classes
THE PEOPLE’S PALACE CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
TABLE OF CONTENT INTRODUCTION the necessity of a truly public space
THE PEOPLE’S PALACE architecture’s relation to politics and economy the cooperative’s houses as a place of resistance buildings intended to form community
CASE-STUDIES BE RU IT FR SE NL GB BR
Brussels - Victor Horta Moscow - Konstantin Melnikov Como - Terragni Clichy - Jean Prouvé Eslöv - Hans Asplund Dronten - Frank van Klingeren London - Cedric Price Sao Paolo - Lina Bo Bardi
CONCLUSIONS reflecting on the different examples, their connections, and the possibility of a typology
INDEX CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
01)
Problem Definition Follow the money
02)
The co-operative as an autonomous organization
03)
The people’s palace as architectural typology
04)
The quarry Heerlen / Mining history
05)
The process The struggle to reach a compromise
06)
Public Power Plant conditions for growth
07)
The Koempel Cooperative Architectural Strategy
08)
Conclusion Questions
THE QUARRY CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
Characteristics of influence at the site
Limburg’s struggle with shrinkage and unemployment. The recent history as a miner community. The discrepancies within the town between quantity/quality, urban/rural and conservative/progressive.
THE QuaRRY CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
MAsterplan 2009 Masterplan Zandgroeves Heerlen
Masterplan 45
THE QUARRY CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
Sferen Masterplan 2009 48
Masterplan Zandgroeves Heerlen
Masterplan GP / ARCADIS
45
THE QUARRY CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
TIMELINE OF EVENTS IN THE HISTORY OF ORANJE NASSAU MINES: 1899
The opening of the Oranje Nassau Mine
1901 Beginning of the Staatsmijnen 1922
Opening of the Ondergrondse Vakschool
1940 Rapid growth and industrialisation of mining industry 1945 Decline in demand for Dutch coal 1965 Den Uyl announces closing of the mines 1974 Last mine closed, start of the program “from black to green”
THE QUARRY CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
PROVIDED: WEALTH & IDENTITY
1968
THE QUARRY CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
FROM COAL TO QUARTZ-SAND
THE QUARRY CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
LOST ISLAND
INDEX CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
01)
Problem Definition Follow the money
02)
The co-operative as an autonomous organization
03)
The people’s palace as architectural typology
04)
The quarry Heerlen / Mining history
05)
The process The struggle to reach a compromise
06)
Public Power Plant conditions for growth
07)
The Koempel Cooperative Architectural Strategy
08)
Conclusion Questions
THE PROCESS CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
1900 - 1968
1980 - 2020
2015 - .....
Shifting Interest
From a state mine To a private quarry Towards a public development
KoeMPeL CooPeratieF
THE PROCESS
people
CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
private
public Masterplan
Masterplan Zandgroeves Heerlen
45
THE PROCESS
people
CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
We want to make as much money as possible!
private
Masterplan Zandgroeves Heerlen
public Masterplan 45
THE PROCESS
people
CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
We don’t want to be responsible because we have no money!
private
Public
Masterplan Masterplan Zandgroeves Heerlen
45
THE PROCESS
We want this land to become something we can use!
CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
People
private
public Masterplan
Masterplan Zandgroeves Heerlen
45
THE PROCESS CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
THE PROCESS CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
botanical garden
megastal
zero-emission housing
nature reserve
Possible infills in icons:
society owns/manages quarry
biggest sandpit in NL
adventure sports
mining/quarry knowledge center
Flexplekken Eiland Uitkijkpunt Grafheuvel Cultuurrersevaat Mijn- openlucht museum Bedrijvenpark Moes- / Volkstuinen Biologische horeca Compensatie: eigen achtertuin verlengd Deel groeve als gemeenschappelijke achtertuin Landbouw Openluchttheater Megastal Kenniscentrum Groevegebied Evenemententerrein Educatieve route Wandwonen Landgoed Woningen afbreken Woonalternatief in de groeve bieden Drijvende woningen Kamperen Bed & Breakfast Bungalow park Zelfvoorzienend wonen Gespecialialiseerd vakantiepark Gespecialiseerd woninggebied
Villa’s Mobile homes
Speelparadijs Wandelpaden Spotplaatsen Tijdelijk gebruik grond Modelspoorbaan Giga Glijbaan Hondenuitlaatplek Apenkooi/kinderboerderij Recreatieve routes De grootste zandbak van Nederland Natuurreservaat Eetbaar park Uitbereiding natuurgebied Botanische tuin Speelbos Bos 1 diersoort leefgebied
Bewoners beheren gebied zelf Overheid/gemeente beheren gebied Geen beheer .
THE PROCESS CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
Conclusions:
all inhabitants seemed very defensive and seemed demotivated by the process Their main interest is that the company leaves so that the space becomes usable Some of them saw something in a more radical landscape
INDEX CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
01)
Problem Definition Follow the money
02)
The co-operative as an autonomous organization
03)
The people’s palace as architectural typology
04)
The quarry Heerlen / Mining history
05)
The process The struggle to reach a compromise
06)
Public Power Plant conditions for growth
07)
The Koempel Cooperative Architectural Strategy
08)
Conclusion Questions
PUBLIC POWER PLANT CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
Brunssum
Tevrenerheide
Hoensbroek Brunsummerheide
Public Power Plant
Landgraaf
Heerlen
PUBLIC POWER PLANT CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
KOEMPEL COOPERATIEF
PUBLIC POWER PLANT CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
extension Brunsummerheide
bio-mass plant extension of Brunsummerheide
museum of mining history
Koempel Cooperatief
agrictultural restaurant
biological horeca / agricultural education koempel coop
waste treatment plant
cooperative care-housing
recreational swimming
hydraulic dam solar panel ďŹ eld
PUBLIC POWER PLANT CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
PUBLIC POWER PLANT CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
PUBLIC POWER PLANT
CO - OPOLIS
CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
STARTING FROM SCRATCH
FORMING OF AN IDENTITY
2015
EDUCATE EACHOTHER
2018
ASSEMBLING POWER
2021
AGRICULTURE
REAP WHAT YOU SOW
2024
AGRICULTURE
2027
2030
AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURE
THE SITE
BIOMASS PLANT
BIOMASS PLANT
THE CO-OP
BIOMASS PLANT
THE CO-OP
HOUSING
THE CO-OP
HOUSING
HOUSING
ALGUE-FARM
VACANT
SOWING
ALGUE-FARM
TRANSFORMING
PRODUCING
PUBLIC POWER PLANT
KOEMPEL COOPERATIEF
ACTIVITIES production services recreation
CO-OPERATIVE
1.
PEOPLE’S PALACE PLANS / SECTIONS
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
INDEX CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
01)
Problem Definition Follow the money
02)
The co-operative as an autonomous organization
03)
The people’s palace as architectural typology
04)
The quarry Heerlen / Mining history
05)
The process The struggle to reach a compromise
06)
Public Power Plant conditions for growth
07)
The Koempel Cooperative Architectural Strategy
08)
Conclusion Questions
THE KOEMPEL COOPERATIVE CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
BUILDING WITH/IN THE GROUND
BUILDING WITH THE LANDSCAPE
THE KOEMPEL COOPERATIVE PHASE 1
CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
A call for ideas is launched by the transformation group, to developed a vision for the in�ill of the Heksenberg quarry. Five engaged citizens decide to enter the competition together to see if they can together create a vision that will lead to an interesting new landscape. They imagine using the sand as the ground for the rest of the program to grow, and ask Sibelco to place the residual sand at a vacant part of the quarry which they can use for their ideas.
1
Static consolidation
1
Landshaping
2
Sheet-piling and grouted anchors
2
Tent poles
3
Concrete floorslabs
3
Canvas/plastic cover
4
Concrete wall
4
Steel columns
5
Earthen wall
5
Beams and trusses
6
Insulation / finishing
6
Corrugated steel panels
7
Permanent roof
7
Frames and glazing
8
Interior floor
8
Installation
9
Extension / adaptation
9
Extension / adaptation
PHASE 2 After winning the competition they are allowed to organize the �irst events, and they develop a basic method so that they can use the residual sand to build interventions in the sand that can be used for the events. By carving out parts of the landscape with sheet piling, and covering sections of it with a lightweight structure they create a temporary café and a dome for theater/concerts.
PHASE 3 By adding a �loor they create the foundation for the rest of the building to grow on. The lightweight tent-structures are used to protect the building site from �looding, while the sheet-piling keep the groundwater out.
PHASE 4 The sheet-piling is removed and replaced by a concrete wall, creating the concrete-tub to support the spaces function. The tent poles are being replaced with steel columns to make a more solid structure that protects the building, but because they are �ixed with bolts they are still easily removed and replaced.
PHASE 5 The concrete walls form the water-retaining base to build above ground, which is done with the residual earth from the excavation process. By building a timber mold and then �illing it up with layers of stamped earth, the walls are built up to their proper height. Steel beams and trusses are added to create spaces with a conditioned climate.
PHASE 6 The interior facade of the building can be insulated with either stonewool or a water system, and the be �inished for which ceramic tiles made with the quartz-sand from the quarry are used. The roof is made up out of corrugated steel sandwichpanels, which contain the insulating layers and on which solar panels can be placed.
PHASE 7 The distinction between the intermediate space and the actual functions is being highlighted by the construction of a permanent earthen roof. The corrugated panels are removed and the earthen construction is built from the wall on up. A frame is built in the openings which can then be �illed with a window frame and glazing, but also removed in a later stage.
PHASE 8 The interior is built into the space, by raising the �loor adding space for the ventilation and �loor heating systems. The height differences are used to de�ine different zones within the building to appropriate to a certain use.
PHASE 9 Some intersections in the building are designed to function as a connection point between the different parts of the building, this temporary in�ill is then removed (being a windowframe or concrete �illing block) and replaced. The removed elements can be used in a new part of the building.
THE KOEMPEL COOPERATIVE CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
THE KOEMPEL COOPERATIVE CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
TERRACE
INSTALLATION GARDEN
WORKSHOP
SCULPTURE GARDEN
AMPHITHEATER SQUARE
CIRCULATION AXO CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P4 / 20.05.2014
GALLERY
THE KOEMPEL COOPERATIVE CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
TRESHOLD INTERIOR
SECTION CIRCULATION CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P4 / 20.05.2014
INTERIOR CIRCULATION
EXTERIOR CIRCULATION
SQUARE
THE KOEMPEL COOPERATIVE CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
THE KOEMPEL COOPERATIVE CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
THE KOEMPEL COOPERATIVE CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
THE KOEMPEL COOPERATIVE CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
PLAN/SECTION OFFICE CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
1/100
THE KOEMPEL COOPERATIVE CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
extension Brunsummerheide
bio-mass plant extension of Brunsummerheide
museum of mining history
Koempel Cooperatief
agrictultural restaurant
biological horeca / agricultural education koempel coop
waste treatment plant
cooperative care-housing
recreational swimming
hydraulic dam solar panel ďŹ eld
THE KOEMPEL COOPERATIVE CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
GREYWATER FILTERING
ELECTRICITY STORAGE
HEAT ROOF
VENTILATION SHAFT WATER STORAGE
SOLAR ROOF
GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMP
AUTARCHY AXO CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P4 / 20.05.2014
THE KOEMPEL COOPERATIVE CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
DAYLIGHT
ELECTRICITY
HEAT ROOF
WATER RESERVOIR AIR TREATMENT INSTALLATION
SECTION AUTARCHY CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P4 / 20.05.2014
INDEX CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
01)
Problem Definition Follow the money
02)
The co-operative as an autonomous organization
03)
The people’s palace as architectural typology
04)
The quarry Heerlen / Mining history
05)
The process The struggle to reach a compromise
06)
Public Power Plant conditions for growth
07)
The Koempel Cooperative Architectural Strategy
08)
Conclusion Questions
CONCLUSION CO-OPOLIS Bart de Hartog P5 / 26.06.2014
A new role for the architect?
CO - OPOLIS A cooperative Vision for the Heksenberg quarry that combines assembly, practicing politics, exchanging knowledge and recreation.
P5
B.de Hartog 26/06/14
Tutors: Hans Teeds, Marta Relats, Bas Gremmen