The Singapore Engineer October 2024

www.ies.org.sg

COVER STORY:

CDL cements its leadership in the built environment sector

Inspiring Sustainable Growth

IES CHARTERED ENGINEERING BOARD

The Chartered Engineering Registry aims to provide professional recognition to qualified Engineers, Technologists and Technicians across all sectors.

Being registered as a Chartered Engineering Professional will be an external validation of your experience, expertise and practising competence; and is a quality mark to differentiate your professional standing in the following sectors of engineering:

NEWS & EVENTS

14 CDL and Obayashi win the inaugural BCA ‘Company of the Year’ pinnacle award

16 New report examines coal’s contribution towards sustainable development in ASEAN

PPG partners RightShip

COVER STORY

17 CDL cements its leadership in the built environment sector

The leading developer receives recognition for outstanding achievements.

IES UPDATE

20 IES Emeritus President and WFEO PresidentElect Er. Tan Seng Chuan participates in World Robot Conference 2024

22 LEA Awards Ceremony 2024: Empowering Employees, Elevating Enterprises and Enriching Ecosystems

IES Skills Development Partner (SDP) Launches First SkillsFuture Jobs-Skills Insights report ‘Preparing the Workforce for the Future of Electric Vehicles (EV)’

President Er. Chan Ewe Jin Chief Editor T Bhaskaran t_b_n8@yahoo.com

Economical and reliable

Our EC fans are your first choice when it comes to the economical use of energy and simple demand controlled ventilation.

These fans are driven by energy-saving EC motors with built in electronic control to keep them running in the optimal operating range.

✓ Less energy use, resulting in lower energy costs and lower CO2 emissions

✓ Easy to control and adjust ventilation rate to actual need

✓ Low sound level throughout the entire fan performance

✓ All control and protection electronics are integrated in the motor

Affordable and easy-to-use controllers

EC-Basic controllers are specially designed to meet simple control requirements when using EC fans.

✓ Simple to connect, install and set up

✓ Economical and affordable demand control

✓ Designed with sensors to measure current conditions, enabling the fans to automatically slow down when there is less demand

to Fit Any Project:

IES UPDATE

23 IES Partners with NTUC to launch Company Training Committee for PMEs

24 Navigating technological disruptions: the Global Engineers Leadership Programme 2024

25 Celebrating leadership and innovation: the successful completion of GELP 2024

26 Celebrating success at the Inter-Professional Games Golf Tournament

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

28 Lightning surge protection to mitigate the risk of equipment failure The article provides a practising engineer’s viewpoint.

CYBERSECURITY

36 Securing software-defined vehicles With increasing connectivity comes greater risks.

Hi-Flo NEXT GENERATION BAG FILTERS

DESIGNED TO WORK WITHOUT A PREFILTER

The Hi-Flo Next Generation bag filters have been developed with performance and sustainability in mind. Performance means long service life, low energy consumption and stable filtration efficiency throughout its lifetime.

ADVANTAGES

Extended operating life with the best Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)

Lowest energy consumption and initial pressure drop

Reduced energy consumption

12% vs old Hi-Flo generation 30% vs industry average

Superior indoor air quality

Particle efficiency meets requirements according to the European Standard EN779 and ISO16890 for indoor air quality (IAQ)

Reduced labour cost

25-50% Longer filter lifetime, compared to synthetic bag filters

Improved air flow

Conical and tapered pocket shape allows better airflow through the filter

Optimised design for high performance Fully incinerable with the plastic frame

BIG SAVINGS WITH CLEAN AIR

Using Camfil Life Cycle Cost (LCC) Analysis software, our experts conduct a comparative analysis of different air filters to provide you with a comprehensive report on potential savings.

Camfil offers a complimentary Life Cycle Cost analysis and supports you in selecting the right air filter solution.

SCAN THE QR CODE to complete the survey. Accuracy is subject to information provided.

SPECIAL FOCUS: ENGINEERING EDUCATION

40 SP’s International Learning Festival

Global education leaders and practitioners attend.

42 Application of the MCSA system for condition monitoring at a water pumping station

Problems were detected and resolved.

44 The future is zero with infinite possibilities Empower careers with specialised knowledge to stay ahead in a rapidly transforming built environment.

46 NUS is leading by example Institutions of higher learning must inspire their students and allow them to witness the ongoing efforts of their peers and faculty.

48 A winning partnership An ITE diploma marries practical training with industry needs.

49 Advancing AI across disciplines

A new programme is launched.

Elevate your indoor climate with Al-powered HVAC systems

The use of Al technology in HVAC systems opens up a new era of thermal comfort. offers a comprehensive answer to the question of how to keep an indoor space comfortable and its occupants as productive as possible.

50 AHR Expo announces 2025 Innovation Awards Winners

51 The role of AI in optimising indoor comfort and efficiency

52 An overview of the Panasonic VRF HVAC system

PRODUCTS & SOLUTIONS

54 Staying ahead of failures with the help of partial discharge and leak detection systems

56 Collaborative robotic palletiser for SMEs in Singapore

Singapore Engineer is published monthly by The Institution of

Singapore (IES). The publication is distributed free-of-charge to IES members and affiliates. Views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the Editor or IES. All rights reserved. No part of this magazine shall be reproduced, mechanically or electronically, without the prior consent of IES. Whilst every care is taken to ensure accuracy of the content at press time, IES will not be liable for any discrepancies. Unsolicited contributions are welcome but their inclusion in the magazine is at the discretion of the Editor.

CDL and Obayashi win the inaugural BCA ‘Company of the Year’ pinnacle award

City Developments Ltd (CDL) and Obayashi Singapore Pte Ltd have each been accorded the prestigious BCA ‘Company of the Year’ award for their outstanding performance and growth, at BCA Awards 2024. Both companies have also made significant progress in their business and workforce transformation efforts.

CDL has been a trailblazer in transformation. They are also pioneers in bringing along value chain partners in their transformation journey through various initiatives. For example, they introduced green leases for their tenants, and helped their SME suppliers to develop the SMEs’ carbon reports and sustainability road maps, supported by Enterprise Singapore’s Supplier Queen Bee Programme.

Through a Green Buildings Innovation Cluster (GBIC) demonstration project, CDL and its joint-venture partner, IOI Properties, will partner local startups to pilot the use of AI and machine-learning, in order to optimise South Beach Tower Office’s cooling systems, so that a 75% energy efficiency (EE) improvement over 2005 levels can be achieved.

Despite facing initial challenges, CDL was undeterred and was guided by its steadfast belief in promoting sustainability.

CDL has also been a leader in adopting innovative technologies. The company has adopted Common Data Environment standards to enable the digitalisation of construction processes and has adopted the 360 camera and AI for virtual smart inspections. These have allowed CDL to transform the way buildings are built.

To enable its transformation efforts to succeed, CDL continually invests in staff development and has redesigned jobs roles to adapt to new needs.

These efforts have contributed

to CDL’s long track record of delivering quality developments. The company’s 12th consecutive Quality Excellence Award (QEA) win is a testament to its commitment to quality.

The other winner of the BCA ‘Company of the Year’ award is Obayashi Singapore Pte Ltd. As a builder, Obayashi has also been a pioneer in technology adoption. For example, Obayashi makes use of a photogrammetry software, combined with images taken from a drone camera, to generate precise point cloud data and models. This system helps to track, monitor and verify site progress more efficiently. The company also set up a Construction-Tech Lab to advance technology development in Singapore.

Obayashi has also been highly committed to upskilling its workforce. The company develops career progression pathways for each employee and provides mentorship programmes and sponsorship opportunities to encourage employees to continuously upskill. Obayashi also sends selected employees for training at its headquarters in Japan.

In addition, Obayashi has also supported its value chain partners, such as subcontractors, to upskill, by organising study trips for them.

Meanwhile, five winners for the BCA ‘Project of the Year’ award were selected, based on their achievements in adopting innovative construction methods, driving digitalisation, improving productivity and advancing sustainability.

The Sentosa Sensoryscape project was lauded for groundbreaking achievements in the use of Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DfMA) methods to bring complex architectural designs to life. The project team used digital tools to break down the complex designs into smaller components that were fabricated offsite, before being

transported and assembled onsite. The team also incorporated timeand manpower-saving solutions, such as mechanical joints instead of the more common welded joints.

Another winner, Geneo, overcame the manpower and supply chain disruptions during the COVID-19 period to achieve extraordinary results in sustainability. The company utilised Carboncure concrete in 44% of its project concrete needs. This is estimated to have reduced almost 3.4 million kg of CO2 emissions.

“We are honoured to recognise CDL, Obayashi Singapore as well as the winning projects and their teams for their exceptional contributions to our built environment sector,” said Mr Kelvin Wong, BCA CEO.

“Their achievements exemplify the innovation and excellence that our new and rebranded award categories aim to celebrate,” he added.

Ms Indranee Rajah, Second Minister for Finance and Second Minister for National Development graced the BCA Awards 2024 ceremony on the 3rd day of the International Built Environment Week (IBEW) 2024.

Ms Indranee also announced several sustainability-related initiatives, including:

• The launch of a tender for consultancy study for the Design Prototyping for Decarbonisation (DPfD) challenge, to accelerate efforts to achieve the national target of 80% energy efficiency improvement for best-in-class green buildings by 2030.

• The upcoming Energy Efficiency Grant (EEG) for the construction industry that will co-fund the cost of energy-efficient construction equipment, including electric and other machinery, to help construction firms’ transition towards being more energy-efficient. The grant will be available for application at the end of this year.

New report examines coal’s contribution towards sustainable development in ASEAN

A report titled ‘Addressing UN Sustainable Development Goals in the ASEAN Coal Value Chain’, jointly released recently by FutureCoal and ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE), underscores the contributions of the coal value chain in driving towards the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

FutureCoal Limited is the Global Alliance for Sustainable Coal.

The report presents coal as a resource in the ASEAN region’s journey to fuel its economic growth, maintaining social equity and assuming environmental stewardship.

The report highlights that, since 2000, Southeast Asia has witnessed a substantial surge in energy demand, with electricity consumption growing at an average annual rate of 4.4%. Coal has been central to meeting this demand, providing a reliable and affordable energy source that supports industrial growth, infrastructure development and economic resilience, across ASEAN.

FutureCoal’s Director of Strategy and Sustainability, Mr Paul Baruya, emphasised coal’s role as a driver of socio-economic development in the region.

“Coal not only fuels economic growth but also generates substantial revenues that fund essential public services, including healthcare, education and infrastructure development. By creating job opportunities and reinforcing energy security, coal is integral to the prosperity and stability of the ASEAN nations. 'Responsible’ investment requires a balanced approach to all fuels and technologies, especially in emerging and developing countries where coal drives sustainable development,” he said.

The report underscores coal’s multifaceted contributions to a range of SDGs:

Economic Growth and Poverty

Alleviation: Coal is a catalyst for economic growth by providing affordable energy, supporting business activities and creating jobs across various sectors, contributing to SDG 1 (No Poverty), SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities).

Environmental Stewardship

and Innovation: Advanced coal emission abatement technologies play a supporting role in achieving SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and SDG 13 (Climate Action).

Innovations include highefficiency low emissions (HELE), co-firing coal and sustainable biomass, utilising combined heat and power to extract the maximum energy out of a tonne of coal, circulating fluidised bed systems to add fuel flexibility, and reusing by-products and waste from coal to move to a circular economy. These technologies can reduce emissions by up to 99%.

Social Equity and Well-Being: The coal industry prioritises the health, safety and well-being of its workers and surrounding communities, through comprehensive healthcare programmes, educational initiatives and gender equality workshops, contributing to SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being), SDG 4 (Quality Education), and SDG 5 (Gender Equality).

Mr Baruya highlighted the role of FutureCoal’s Sustainable Coal Stewardship (SCS) in advancing the industry’s alignment with the UN Sustainable Development Goals.

“Our Sustainable Coal Stewardship philosophy guides the global coal value chain towards more sustainable and responsible practices – improving mining processes, enhancing combustion efficiency, and exploring innovative uses for coal beyond

traditional power generation. This approach addresses environmental concerns and positions coal as a key player in the transition to a sustainable and responsible future.”

The collaboration between FutureCoal and ACE reflects a shared commitment to advancing ASEAN’s sustainable development agenda. The report is a critical resource for policymakers, industry leaders and communities, offering a comprehensive perspective on coal’s strategic importance in the region’s energy landscape.

PPG partners RightShip

PPG recently announced a collaboration with RightShip, a digital maritime sustainability platform, as part of RightShip’s Zero Harm Innovation Partners Program. The initiative aims to foster the development and adoption of innovative solutions to promote a more sustainable future in the maritime industry.

PPG SIGMAGLIDE 2390 biocide-free, silicone coating is said to be the only hull coating to be approved by RightShip’s rigorous product review process for the Zero Harm Innovation Partners Program.

The performance benefits of PPG SIGMAGLIDE 2390 stem from PPG HYDRORESET technology. When immersed in water, this technology modifies the coating to create an almost friction-free, nonstick surface that marine organisms cannot recognise or adhere to. This results in low-friction properties and good fouling control that delivers up to 150 days of idle performance.

CDL cements its leadership in the built environment sector

The leading developer clinches the inaugural ‘Company of the Year Award’ at BCA Awards 2024.

City Developments Limited (CDL) was conferred the pinnacle Company of the Year Award at the Building and Construction Authority (BCA) Awards 2024, recently, in recognition of its long-standing commitment and contributions to driving enterprise and value-chain transformation.

Introduced this year, the award seeks to spur firms in the sector to go beyond project-level initiatives towards outstanding achievements in their business operations and value chain, as well as workforce transformation at the enterprise level.

Embracing its ethos of ‘Conserving as We Construct’ since 1995, CDL has built a strong track record in sustainable development, pioneering green building innovation and game-changing construction methodology at its developments.

The company is also implementing active asset management strategies to manage the carbon footprint of its commercial portfolio in addition to stakeholder engagement initiatives to drive mindset and behavioural change within its value chain, from builders and consultants to tenants and end-users, as well as the wider community.

Mr Chia Ngiang Hong, CDL’s Group General Manager, said, “As a homegrown developer, we have been contributing towards shaping Singapore’s skyline and the built environment for over six decades. It is a tremendous honour to be an inaugural recipient of the prestigious Company of the Year Award, which affirms our unwavering commitment towards quality and excellence.”

“Through our continued focus on digitalisation and innovation, we will chart new growth pathways, drive transformation within our value

chain and support the shared vision of a future-ready built environment for Singapore,” he added.

In addition to the prestigious Company of the Year accolade, CDL received the Quality Excellence Award, marking its 12th consecutive win since 2013. This award recognises leading progressive developers and builders for their commitment and achievement in delivering high quality homes through workmanship excellence and quality assurance programmes.

DRIVING BUSINESS AND VALUE CHAIN TRANSFORMATION THROUGH DIGITALISATION AND INNOVATION

Innovation has been a key driver in CDL’s business and decarbonisation journey and consistently remains one of the group’s top-voted material environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues since 2017.

In the move towards a low

carbon world, CDL continues to leverage innovation and digitalisation to support business growth and transformation.

Through the implementation of digital tools such as the Common Data Environment (CDE), it has boosted project outcomes by enhancing collaboration and communication in the property development workflow which involves multiple stakeholders.

For its Union Square redevelopment project, CDL has embarked on the CDE pilot and expects to achieve productivity improvements and other beneficial outcomes during the development process. Since 2022, CDL has also started introducing the use of robots at its worksites – a significant step forward in the construction process, by enhancing precision, safety and efficiency, and enabling the completion of complex tasks, like tile grouting and rebar tying, with more accuracy and consistency.

Comprising

CDL will be implementing the use of robots for tile grouting at Lumina Grand, marking a significant step forward in the construction process.

Artist’s impression of Lumina Grand Executive Condominium (EC). Located in the heart of the tranquil Bukit Batok West neighbourhood, the 512-unit luxury Lumina Grand is within close proximity to the upcoming Tengah Town, Singapore’s first smart and sustainable precinct.

ten 12 to 13-storey residential blocks, Lumina Grand offers convenient access to three MRT stations – Bukit Gombak MRT station on the North-South Line, and the upcoming Tengah Plantation and Tengah Park MRT stations on the Jurong Region Line.

In July 2022, the use of robots for tile grouting was first trialled at CDL’s Executive Condominium (EC) project, Piermont Grand, and will be implemented at its other EC projects, Lumina Grand and Copen Grand. These robots are utilised by tiling sub-contractors and streamline the process of marking grout lines, which allows for speed and ensures uniformity and accuracy in tile placement.

As an extension of its commitment to enterprise and value chain transformation, the group has also focused on aligning its major subsidiaries with its decarbonisation and sustainability goals.

The group’s wholly-owned hospitality subsidiary, Millennium & Copthorne Hotels Limited (M&C), recently achieved the esteemed Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC) certification for its six hotels in Singapore – Copthorne King’s Hotel, Grand Copthorne Waterfront Hotel Singapore, M Hotel Singapore, M Social Singapore, Orchard Hotel Singapore and Studio M Singapore.

Securing GSTC certification is aligned with Singapore’s Green Plan 2030 and the Singapore Tourism Board’s Sustainability Roadmap. Some key features implemented by

M&C include innovative in-room technology, zero single-use plastic by 2050 and several social impact initiatives.

ASSET PORTFOLIO DECARBONISATION

CDL believes that in order to enhance a building’s overall energy efficiency, influencing user behaviour through engagement initiatives is vital.

In 2014, the CDL Green Lease Partnership Programme was introduced to support and encourage its commercial tenants to reduce their energy consumption and environmental footprint. Under the programme, tenants are provided support in greening their offices to obtain the BCA Green Mark Office Interior certification.

City Green Tenant Bonus Programme at

Republic Plaza

In July 2024, CDL piloted its City Green Tenant Bonus Programme, a first-of-its-kind decarbonisation initiative for tenants at its flagship Grade A office building – Republic Plaza.

As an extension of CDL’s Green Lease initiative, this programme aims to promote, encourage

and incentivise tenants to adopt sustainable practices and effectively reduce energy consumption. Participating tenants will receive energy savings and dollar-for-dollar rebate incentives in the form of CDL vouchers at the end of the 12-month programme, as well as sustainability knowledge and resource support.

Through this initiative, if all qualified tenants collectively achieve a 10% energy reduction, Republic Plaza can reduce its annual Scope 3 carbon emissions by up to 264,000 kgCO2e – equivalent to the energy needed to power 150 4-room HDB flats for an entire year. Reducing tenants’ carbon emissions will also help address CDL’s Scope 3 GHG emission source.

Building on its core value of collaboration, CDL is committed to providing resources and knowledge to help tenants reduce energy costs and advance their journey towards sustainability. CDL’s credibility in sustainability will provide a first-inindustry experience to its tenants, further strengthening the close landlord-tenant relationship.

In July 2024, CDL piloted its City Green Tenant Bonus Programme, a first-of-its-kind decarbonisation initiative for tenants at Republic Plaza, its flagship Grade A office building.

All images by City Developments Limited

South Beach Tower Office receives BCA’s GBIC 2.0 Demonstration Programme support

Developed by South Beach Consortium, a joint venture between CDL and IOI Properties Group Berhad, South Beach is an iconic BCA Green Mark Platinum, integrated, mixed-use development located in downtown Singapore. The development comprises a Grade A office tower, JW Mariott Singapore South Beach, a variety of dining options and upscale residential apartments. One of the key sustainability features is its distinctive 280 m long microclimatic canopy which spans across the whole development and serves to induce natural ventilation, harvest rainwater for irrigation and harness solar energy.

South Beach Tower Office is the first recipient under BCA’s GBIC

2.0

Demonstration Programme and will receive up to SGD 1.6 m of funding support to push for higher energy savings, by leveraging novel solutions with a significant impact on energy savings, without compromising thermal comfort and indoor air quality.

The proposal will holistically integrate three solutions to enhance the overall energy efficiency of its air conditioning system, enabling it to achieve 75% energy efficiency improvement (from 2005 levels).

The solutions are developed in collaboration with four other partners – led by sustainability consultancy GreenA Consultants and three solution providers, Akila, Resync and ebm-papst.

CDL EcoTrain to debut at City Square Mall

Towards the end of 2024, City Developments Limited (CDL) will be launching the CDL EcoTrain – Singapore’s first repurposed SMRT train cabin for sustainability education and awareness. The operationally zero-energy, CDL EcoTrain aims to engage the community on pressing climate and sustainability issues, particularly younger children aged four and above.

In collaboration with JKT, Singapore’s largest Science, Nature and Sustainability social media platform, the train will feature interactive displays, exhibits and workshops focused on environmental themes.

The CDL EcoTrain is part of the Land Transport Authority’s (LTA) upcycling project, which repurposes decommissioned SMRT cabins from the first

generation of NSEWL (North South-East West Line) trains. In support of LTA’s and SMRT’s sustainability efforts and the

In June 2024, South Beach Consortium, CDL’s JV company, obtained a SGD 1.6 million grant for the energy retrofit of South Beach Tower – under the BCA Green Buildings Innovation Cluster (GBIC) 2.0 Programme.

SG Green Plan 2030, CDL repurposed one of these cabins into the CDL EcoTrain at City Square Mall.

Artist’s impression of the CDL EcoTrain with colourful design and messages inspired by the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs).

IES Emeritus President and WFEO PresidentElect Er. Tan Seng Chuan participates in World Robot Conference 2024

The World Robot Conference 2024 took place in Beijing, China, from 21 to 25 August 2024. This prestigious event, convened by the China Association for Science and Technology (CAST), brought together leading experts, engineers and innovators, from around the world, to exchange insights on the latest developments in robotics.

As part of the conference, Er. Tan Seng Chuan engaged in discussions on the transformative role of robotics across various industries, including

manufacturing, healthcare and transport. This aligns with IES’s ongoing commitment to advance engineering excellence and harness technology to address global challenges, especially in areas such as automation and sustainability.

Er. Tan’s sharing during the panel discussion, at this world-class event, underscores both IES’s and WFEO’s dedication to fostering collaboration with international engineering bodies and promoting Singapore’s engineering talent on the global stage. By participating

in such platforms, IES continues to ensure that its members remain at the forefront of technological advancements that will shape the future.

IES remains committed to equipping engineers in Singapore with the skills and knowledge necessary to navigate the fastevolving landscape of robotics and automation.

To view the recording of the entire event, click on the following link: https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=8KhtUOH1GkM

A panel discussion in progress at the World Robot Conference 2024.

Invited as the keynote speaker, Er. Tan Seng Chuan spoke in his capacity as WFEO President-Elect and as a representative of IES. Delegates at the conference pose for a group photo.

In Beijing, Er. Tan also visited the Singapore Embassy and the China Association for Science and Technology (CAST) Headquarters, where discussions centred on promoting the upcoming World Engineering Day 2025, strengthening collaboration with China on climate action and capacity building, and exploring partnerships with the Singapore Embassy and the Singapore Chamber of Commerce (SingCham) to advance engineering services.

During the visit, Er. Tan met with Mr Peter Tan, Singapore’s Ambassador to China, and his foreign affairs team, as well as the CAST delegation, led by Dr Luo Hui, Executive Secretary and Director General of the Department of International Affairs, and Mr Sun Xiaojun, Director General of the China Centre for International Science and Technology Exchange.

The meeting with CAST officials, which included WFEO representatives and Executive Council members, Mr Ling Wen, Chair of the WFEO Engineering and Environment Committee, and Ms He Jing, National Member Representative, was marked by fruitful discussions on potential collaborations.

WFEO President-Elect, Er. Tan Seng Chuan and Mr Peter Tan, Singapore’s Ambassador to China.

WFEO President-Elect, Er. Tan Seng Chuan with Mr Peter Tan and his foreign affairs team at the Singapore’s Embassy in Beijing.

Dr Luo Hui, CAST Executive Secretary and Director General of the Department of International Affairs, and WFEO President-Elect, Er. Tan Seng Chuan.

During his visit to the CAST Headquarters, WFEO President-Elect, Er. Tan Seng Chuan met Dr Luo Hui, CAST Executive Secretary and Director General of the Department of International Affairs, and other CAST officials. Images by WFEO.org

LEA Awards Ceremony 2024: Empowering Employees, Elevating Enterprises and Enriching Ecosystems

This year’s LEA Awards ceremony was held on 29 August 2024, at the Melati Ballroom, Marina Bay Sands.

The event, which embodied the theme ‘Ascent’, was graced by Guest of Honour, Mr Desmond Tan, Senior Minister of State, Prime Minister’s Office & Deputy Secretary-General, National Trades Union Congress.

This year's theme symbolises the continuous journey of growth, innovation and learning, that defines the dynamic ecosystem of enterprises, employees, learners, educators and innovators. It also reflects the resilience, adaptability and determination required to reach new heights of success and fulfilment.

The Institution of Engineers, Singapore (IES), was honoured with the LEA Award 2024, as an active participant in the Learning Enterprise Alliance (LEA) for workplace transformation. This award acknowledges IES’s efforts to

Winners of the LEA Awards 2024.

enhance its operational processes, improve employee productivity and drive technology adoption within the workplace.

IES President, Er. Chan Ewe Jin, received the award, on behalf of IES, from SMS Tan.

LEA is a knowledge network of curated enterprises from various industries, united by a shared commitment to workplace learning and development.

IES Skills Development Partner (SDP) Launches First SkillsFuture Jobs-Skills Insights report ‘Preparing the Workforce for the Future of Electric Vehicles (EV)’

In collaboration with SkillsFuture Singapore (SSG), the IES Skills Development Partner (SDP) launched its inaugural SkillsFuture Jobs-Skills Insights (JSI) report, ‘Preparing the Workforce for the Future of Electric Vehicles (EV)’, on 13 September 2024. The report was introduced with a foreword by Er. Tan Seng Chuan, Chairperson of the IES Chartered Engineering Board and IES Skills Development Partner.

The insights focus on emerging job roles and skills within EV

maintenance, compiled through in-depth discussions by the IES EV Maintenance Sector, which brings together subject matter experts from original equipment manufacturers, public transport operators, academia and public service agencies.

Engineering professionals are encouraged to reskill and upskill, to transition into the rapidly expanding EV sector.

Click here to find out more about the JSI.

To download the JSI report on ‘Preparing the Workforce for the

Future of Electric Vehicles (EV)’, click here

SMS Mr Desmond Tan presents the LEA Award 2024 to IES President, Er. Chan Ewe Jin.

Er. Tan Seng Chuan delivered a speech during the launch of the JSI report.

IES Partners with NTUC to launch Company Training Committee for PMEs

On 23 September 2024, the Institution of Engineers, Singapore (IES) announced a partnership with the National Trades Union Congress (NTUC) to establish a Company Training Committee (CTC) within the institution.

This collaboration underscores IES’s commitment to empowering engineers and professionals through continuous learning and development, especially in today’s rapidly evolving technological landscape.

As technological advancements continue to reshape industries, the need for upskilling and reskilling has become increasingly critical. The CTC will provide customised training programmes designed to meet the specific needs of the workforce, ensuring that engineers are wellequipped to thrive in an increasingly competitive environment.

By fostering a culture of lifelong learning, the CTC aims to enhance workplace productivity and elevate overall performance across the engineering profession.

The CTC’s focus areas will include emerging technologies, leadership development and workplace safety. By collaborating with key industry stakeholders, the CTC will develop training modules that are not only comprehensive but also highly relevant and practical, contributing to the growth and advancement of the engineering sector.

This initiative not only strengthens individual skill sets but also supports the broader goal of enhancing Singapore’s economic resilience.

The signing of the MoU was witnessed by Mr Desmond Tan, NTUC Deputy Secretary-General and Senior Minister of State in the Prime Minister’s Office, and Er. Chan Ewe Jin, IES President.

As an NTUC U PME partner, IES is committed to driving training efforts for Professionals, Managers and Executives (PMEs) through

initiatives like the IES Chartership Certification Scheme and Chartered Engineers in Sustainability scheme. IES will collaborate with the NTUC ecosystem, beginning with the manufacturing sector which employs over 360,000 workers, of whom 68% are PMEs, and will extend these initiatives to other industries, ensuring extensive support for engineers across Singapore.

The launch of the CTC is a significant milestone in IES’s mission to empower engineers. Together with NTUC, IES is eager to make a meaningful impact on the engineering community and contribute to a more resilient, innovative workforce. By working collaboratively, we can shape a brighter and more sustainable future for the engineering profession in Singapore.

From left, Mr Bernard Menon, NTUC Director of U PME; Mr Tan Richard, EME Cluster Chair; IES President Er. Chan Ewe Jin; IES Executive Director Mr Syafiq Shahul; Ms Teo Siew Pan, NTUC EME Supervising Lead; Mr Lim Teck Chuan, NTUC EME Cluster Co-Chair; and Ms Eileen Yeo, NTUC EME Cluster Co-Chair.

On 23 September 2024, an MoU was signed between the NTUC EME Cluster and IES. The event was witnessed by NTUC Deputy Secretary-General (DSG) and Senior Minister of State (SMS) in the Prime Minister’s Office, Mr Desmond Tan (standing, centre) and IES President, Er. Chan Ewe Jin (standing, third from right), along with NTUC representatives.

All the participants, around 60 of them, gathered for a memorable moment at the MoU Signing Ceremony, together with SMS Desmond Tan, IES President Er. Chan Ewe Jin and representatives from the NTUC EME Cluster.

Navigating technological disruptions: the Global Engineers Leadership Programme 2024

The Institution of Engineers, Singapore (IES) continues to stay at the forefront of leadership development, with the launch of the Global Engineers Leadership Programme (GELP) 2024.

A collaboration between IES Academy, NTUC and the National University of Singapore (NUS), GELP is designed to empower engineers to take on leadership roles in an increasingly complex global environment.

The programme kicked off with an insightful Fireside Chat, centred on the theme of ‘Challenges Brought About by Technological Disruptions’. As the pace of technological advancement accelerates, engineers must confront both the opportunities and challenges posed by emerging innovations. This session addressed not only the technological disruptions but also the geopolitical and socio-economic shifts that are reshaping industries and societies.

Guest-of-Honour, Er. Chan Ewe Jin, President of IES, emphasised the critical role of engineers in shaping the future. His presence underscored IES’s commitment to equipping engineers with the strategic foresight required in a fast-evolving landscape.

Adding gravitas to the event was Former Senior Minister of State for Foreign Affairs, Mr Zainul Abidin Rasheed, who provided his perspective on the global socioeconomic challenges engineers must navigate in today’s world. Mr Zainul’s insights illuminated how the convergence of technology and geopolitics requires engineers to play a more influential role in global problem-solving.

Moderated by Distinguished Professor Seeram Ramakrishna from NUS, the Fireside Chat also highlighted how leadership, adaptability and strategic decision-making are essential for engineering professionals. As engineers assume leadership roles

in shaping the future of industries and society, initiatives like GELP are vital in preparing them to meet the demands of the 21st century.

IES is proud to be a part of

this transformative programme and looks forward to seeing how the participants will apply these insights to drive innovation and growth in their respective fields.

From left, IES Executive Director, Mr Syafiq Shahul; IES President, Er. Chan Ewe Jin; Former Senior Minister of State for Foreign Affairs, Mr Zainul Abidin Rasheed; and IES Vice President and Chair of Professional Development, Mr Mervyn Sirisena.

Moderated by Distinguished Professor Seeram Ramakrishna from NUS, the Fireside Chat featured Mr Zainul Abidin Rasheed who discussed the global socio-economic challenges engineers face today and emphasised the importance of leadership, adaptability and strategic decision-making, for engineering professionals.

Celebrating leadership and innovation: the successful completion of GELP 2024

We are thrilled to announce the successful completion of the Global Engineers Leadership Programme (GELP) 2024! This milestone is a testament to the remarkable dedication and commitment demonstrated by our engineerleader graduates throughout the programme. Their hard work has not only prepared them for leadership roles but has also empowered them to tackle the challenges facing the engineering sector today.

A significant highlight of the graduation event, which followed the insightful Ministerial Dialogue, was the Panel Discussion featuring esteemed industry leaders. This session provided a platform for robust discussions on critical topics shaping the modern engineering landscape. The distinguished panel included:

• Prof Manu Kapur, Director, Singapore-ETH Centre

• Dr Tan Geok Leng, CEO, AIDA Technologies

• Mr Ronald Soh, Founder & CEO, Win-Pro

The discussion delved into the transformative power of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in our daily lives, the ever-evolving challenges of cybersecurity and the ethical considerations necessary as we advance AI technology.

Moderated by Mr Mervyn Sirisena, IES Vice President of Professional Development, the insights shared during this panel left participants inspired and motivated to embrace the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead.

The practical guidance provided by the panellists offered a solid foundation for our graduates as they embark on their future endeavours. Moreover, the event served as an excellent platform for professional growth, networking and potential collaboration among participants, enhancing the overall

impact of the programme.

We were also privileged to have Er. Chan Ewe Jin, President of IES, as our Guest of Honour. His presence underscored the importance of nurturing the next generation of engineering leaders, and his encouraging words inspired graduates to continue driving innovation and excellence in their careers.

A heartfelt thank you goes out to the National Trades Union Congress (NTUC), the National University of Singapore (NUS), our Guest of Honour, the panellists, the moderator, distinguished guests, GELP graduates and everyone who contributed to making this programme a tremendous success. Together, we are not just shaping leaders, we are shaping the future of engineering.

Associate Professor Chai Kah Hin, Associate Provost at NUS and Vice Dean, NUS College of Design and Engineering, addressing the audience.

The moderator and panellists during the panel discussion at the GELP Graduation Ceremony 2024.

As a token of appreciation, IES President Er. Chan Ewe Jin presented the panellists with the book titled ‘Engineering A First World: 50 Feats That Transformed Singapore’, published by IES.

Celebrating success at the Inter-Professional Games Golf Tournament

On 25 September 2024, the InterProfessional Games (IPG) Golf Tournament commenced under a refreshing shower of rain, creating an invigorating atmosphere for participants. With a 2 pm shotgun start, this annual event brought together professionals from various institutions, fostering networking opportunities and friendly competition.

IES secured the position of 3rd runner-up – a testament to the dedication and teamwork of the members who embraced the spirit of the tournament. Competing against esteemed organisations, IES golfers displayed commendable skills and sportsmanship throughout the day.

A special shout-out goes to Mr Patrick Ho from IES, who achieved the highest Stableford score in the tournament. His outstanding performance not only showcased his golfing talent but also contributed significantly to the team’s success. We commend his efforts and sportsmanship which reflect the values we uphold at IES.

Congratulations are also in order to the Institute of Singapore Chartered Accountants (ISCA), the tournament champion, the Singapore Medical Association, who secured the 1st runner-up position, and the Singapore Institute of Architects, who took home the 2nd runner-up title. This competitive spirit among diverse professional groups highlights the strength of collaboration and friendly rivalry within our community.

Here are the final standings:

• Champion: Institute of Singapore Chartered Accountants (ISCA)

• 1st Runner-Up: Singapore Medical Association

• 2nd Runner-Up: Singapore Institute of Architects

• 3rd Runner-Up: IES

As we celebrate our achievements

at the IPG Golf Tournament, we look forward to more engaging events in the future.

Stay tuned for updates on the upcoming IPG 2024 - Basketball tournament, where we hope to continue our tradition of excellence and foster connections within our professional community.

Together, let us keep the spirit of collaboration and friendly competition alive as we strive for success in all our endeavours!

Participants get ready to ride out in golf buggies, sharing laughter and camaraderie.

The IES contingent is ready to tee off, rain or shine!

Debriefing after a successful game of golf – talking strategy and making sure we are all on par!

Champion of the IPG Golf Tournament – members of the Institute of Singapore Chartered Accountants (ISCA).

Lightning surge protection to mitigate the risk of equipment failure

by Er. Simon Lee, Fellow of IES; Honorary Secretary, IES; Honorary Member, ASEAN Federation of Engineering Organisations (AFEO); and Director of Bescon Engineering Services Pte Ltd

This article provides a practising engineer’s viewpoint on the lightning surge protection for electrical systems and how it can effectively be deployed to mitigate the risk of equipment failure and disruptions to services.

Introduction

Singapore has one of the highest lightning activities in the world. Lightning strikes on electrical and transport infrastructure can cause power faults and equipment failure, and disrupt essential services and livelihoods.

Climate change increases the intensity of rainfall as warming global temperatures increase the rate of evaporation of water, worldwide. Intensified rainfall increases the frequency of lightning strikes and this may increase the risk of infrastructure failure.

With climate change, it is imperative that engineers and stakeholders understand how lightning surges can cause electrical systems to break down, and hence provide effective measures to maintain them and minimise such occurrences, thereby mitigating the risk of failure and disruptions to services.

Background

On Monday, 3 June 2024, lightning strikes caused power trips and disrupted train services on a section of the North-South Line during the evening peak hours. Train services between Choa Chu Kang and Woodlands MRT stations on the North-South Line were disrupted for more than two hours.

A Facebook post by SMRT confirmed that a lightning strike damaged numerous components,

particularly the disconnecting switch in the power control box, which caused the power to trip. The train disruptions affected thousands of commuters.

One may therefore ask the following questions:

• “Is the electrical grid and transport infrastructure vulnerable to lightning strikes?”

• “Does global warming increase the intensity of lightning strikes and hence escalate the risk of failure of electrical infrastructure?”

• “How can electrical infrastructure be hardened to withstand lightning surges and be resilient in operation?”

These are all relevant in today’s context of increasing climate change.

What causes lightning in Singapore?

Water evaporates from the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean, forming clouds and moving inland due to the South West Monsoon or North East Monsoon winds. The movement of the clouds slows down, as they move through Sumatra from the south or Malaysia from the north.

Upon reaching Singapore, the slow-moving clouds build up and rub against each other and cause ionisation of their water molecules, in accordance with the Mason ice-splinter theory (1953). Lighter, positively charged, ice splinters are positioned at a higher altitude, leaving the heavier, negatively charged, supercooled, water droplets at a lower altitude. The negative charges in the slowmoving clouds, at a lower altitude, attract positive charges which build

up on the ground, in accordance with Coulomb’s law.

The electric field stress between the negatively charged clouds and the positively charged ground continues to build up, until the air breaks down, when the field stress exceeds 10 kV/cm. With enough field stress, the negative streamers from the cloud will self-propagate towards the ground, guided by the local field distribution in front of the leader streamers.

When the electric field strength of the leader streamers exceeds the residual dielectric breakdown strength of the air, the remaining air channel will break down and form a conductive path. With a large voltage difference between the cloud and the ground, across the negligible resistance in the conductive path, the ground will initiate an upward streamer, instantaneously, to neutralise the charges in the cloud, and this forms a lightning strike.

Subsequent strikes can occur, if the voltage difference is still large enough to drive through the broken down air channel. The lightning current can range from 5 kA to 130 kA, with the typical median at 30 kA.

Please refer to SS 555 : Part 1 Annex ZB for Singapore lightning intensity information.

The main cause of lightning damage is high current which, in turn, causes high voltages to arise on affected objects. The passage of 50 mA of electric current, through a human body, is sufficient to cause a cardiac arrest.

The lightning voltage can range from 20 million to 1 billion volts. Lightning cannot be prevented or reduced.

To discharge a typical lightning strike of 50 coulombs, it will require approximately 58 days. The frequency of lightning discharge in Singapore ranges from 5 to 36 flashes/km2/year, with a mean of 16 flashes/km2/year. With such high frequencies and severity of strikes, the effect of lightning on electrical infrastructure cannot be ignored.

Does climate change increase the frequencies and risk of lightning strikes?

According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6), released in March 2023, with a 1.1 °C of global temperature rise, unprecedented changes to the climate system occur in every region of the world, from rising sea levels to more extreme weather events, to rapidly disappearing sea ice.

The findings from more than 200 scientists, recorded within the 8000 pages of AR6, provide the most comprehensive and scientific assessment of climate change and the devastating consequences of rising greenhouse gas emissions. Climate change has caused increases in the frequency and severity of heat extremes, heavy rainfall events and regional droughts.

Warmer air holds more moisture, that is, roughly 7% more moisture per 1 °C increase of air temperature. That is why we use warm air to dry clothes. Thermodynamically, a warmer atmosphere enhances air instability and promotes stronger and deeper convection, increasing cloud depth and lightning activity.

As reported, a 12% increase in lightning activity for every 1 °C of global warming, can be expected. Climate change does increase the frequencies and risk of lightning strike in Singapore. To mitigate this risk, a comprehensive approach, utilising lightning protection and surge protection, should be adopted, to protect the electrical infrastructure against the lightning surges, effectively.

How does lightning cause power faults?

To protect power systems against lightning, we need to understand how lightning surges enter the electrical system and the science behind them. The phenomenon of lightning was discovered by Benjamin Franklin in the 18th century, and its scientific basis was developed by James Clerk Maxwell in the 19th century.

Franklin introduced the concept of lightning protection, comprising the air terminal, down conductor

and ground terminal, which provide a safe path to discharge lightning. Maxwell went further, to demonstrate that if lightning were to strike a metal enclosed building, the lightning current would be constrained to the exterior of the metal enclosure and it would not be necessary to ground the enclosure.

The metal enclosure is famously known as a Faraday Cage. The Faraday Cage effect is proven, in metal enclosures for cars and airplanes. Buildings with roof air terminals and down conductors connected to the Earth provide a good approximation to a Faraday Cage. As the spacing between the down conductor and the Earth increases, the lightning protection effect decreases. Singapore adopts a combination of this concept, for protection of buildings and suppression of lightning surges in electrical and communication systems.

Lightning can cause surges in the power system, directly and indirectly. A direct lightning strike on buildings will generate tremendous transient voltage, instantaneously, on the structure, in accordance with V = IR + Ldi/dt.

Consider a simplified example, when lightning strikes directly on a 20 m high communication tower (Figure 1).

Figure 1: Direct lightning strike on a communication tower.

50% of the time, I = 20 kA, thus the voltage at the top of the tower = 440 kV and the voltage at the bottom of the tower = 200 kV. It is evident that a very high transient voltage will develop when lightning strikes directly on the building or power system.

When lightning misses the power system and strikes in its vicinity, a large transient voltage can be induced in the electrical system through conductive, inductive and capacitive coupling.

When lightning strikes the ground, there will be an instantaneous earth potential rise (EPR), at the point of impact and its vicinity, depending on the ground impedance and its homogeneity. The EPR will couple surges to buried cables in its vicinity. Consider lightning, with a typical magnitude of 30 kA, striking the ground, with a soil resistivity of 500 Ωm. The EPR can be estimated, using Ohm’s law, as shown in Figure 2. At the point of impact, the EPR rises to a million volts and propagates instantly and radially, up to 1 kV at 2 km. As a result of the lightning strike, a buried power cable will be immediately subjected to a large transient voltage, across its cable sheath.

Under wet conditions, the large transient voltage across the sheath drives a surge current along the sheath. Due to transformer action, a large surge current is induced in the inner cable conductor. The sheath transient voltage is coupled capacitively onto the inner conductor (Figure 3).

A large EPR can puncture the cable sheath, if it exceeds the impulse withstand voltage of the sheath. The transient voltage surge in power systems induced by lightning will depend on the intensity and duration of strike(s) and will ultimately be stopped by the breakdown of the insulation of the cables, or the flashover of equipment they are connected to. Hence, Surge Protection Devices (SPDs) must divert and limit the surge, to protect the cables and the connected equipment. The damage caused by lightning is largely due

to the high discharge lightning current. The rapid rise of the current causes a high voltage surge on the power systems during the lightning discharge. The high voltage causes insulation of the power systems and/or the connected equipment to break down.

The lightning surge can also be

induced on the cables, through electromagnetic induction. The lightning discharge current generates a magnetic field B, in accordance with B(r) = µI/2πr. A large transient voltage can be induced in the vicinity of the cables, in accordance with Faraday’s Laws of Electromagnetic Induction (Figure 4).

Figure 2: Step potential when lightning strikes.

Figure 3: Transformer action of surge current on cable sheath.

Figure 4: Electromagnetic induction due to a nearby lightning strike.

Lightning surges can cause power faults. Surges in the power systems can trigger a series of anomalies. The electrical protection will automatically detect these anomalies and cause the circuit breaker to trip, if they exceed the set threshold. The anomalies caused by lightning surges include:

• Earth leakages

-Insulation breakdown due to transient overvoltage.

-Spillage of currents to Earth, through stray distribution capacitances, due to the high frequency components of surges.

-Operation of the Residual Current Circuit Breaker (RCCB), due to incorrect installation of the SPD downstream of the RCCB.

• Overcurrent

-Short-circuit due to insulation breakdown.

-Harmonic distortion with current peak with high crest factors.

-Transient current induced by nearby lightning strikes, through conductive and electromagnetic coupling of lightning electromagnetic pulses (LEMPs).

-Current swells from surge coupling, through cables laid in parallel.

-Network resonance.

Lightning strikes induce transient overvoltages in power systems. These overvoltages can exceed the equipment’s insulation capabilities, leading to insulation breakdown and damage of connected equipment.

How do Surge Protection Devices work?

Lightning protection for buildings alone, mandated by authority, provides little protection for power systems and connected equipment within the building. This is because the main objective is to protect the occupants and building structure.

Lightning surges can propagate into buildings through utilities services connections. The services connections include cables, pipework, exterior lightings, remote

gate controls, external security systems etc. These can bypass the building’s lightning protection system and bring lightning surges into the building and affect the power systems and connected equipment.

The lightning surges will need to be suppressed or diverted from these services connections, before they can cause damage. SS 555 : 2018 Part 4 Annex C prescribes the methodologies for protection of electrical and electronics systems against lightning, using Surge Protection Devices (SPDs). SPDs limit the transient voltage to a safe level for the equipment, by conducting the large surge currents safely to ground. The surge current flow bypasses, instead of going through, the protected equipment, hence an SPD literally diverts the lightning surge.

SS 555 : 2018 Part 4 D3.2 (page 93) - IEC 62305 postulates that

50% of the lightning surge current dissipates through the building’s Lightning Protection System and 50% dissipates through the building’s internal power system. For a 200 kA lightning surge, with 0.01% cumulative prabability, 100 kA dissipates through the building and 100 kA dissipates through the power system. In Singapore, for a 3 phase, 4 wire, 400 V building power system, the design for surge discharge depends on the protection level desired.

Most electrical power systems and the connected equipment can withstand voltage surges up to 2 to 3 times the normal operating voltage. For a 400 V system, the dielectric withstand is 1.5 kV, in accordance with IEC 60664. Lightning induced voltage can rise from 0 to 6 kV in 1 µs. Fuses and circuit breakers are unable to react to such speeds, to protect the equipment.

Figure 5: Functioning of a Surge Protection Device.

Figure 6: 50% of lightning energy dissipates through the building’s lightning protection system.

SPDs can react quickly to protect the equipment. There are primarily three main types of voltage-limiting SPDs, based on discharge capacity and speed of operation. In general, a combination of SPDs is required to achieve an effective protection of the electrical system, as per SS 555 Part 4/IEC 62305-4: The current extinguishing

capability and the short circuit current of the SPD should be greater than, or equal to, the prospective short circuit level at the point of installation.

Zone 0 to Zone 1 Class I + II Type 1 +2

Can discharge high surge current but slow to start. Thus, can let through a lot of surge before it operates

Zone 1 to Zone 2 Class II Type 2 Can discharge intermediate surge current, but clamping voltage rises with surge current

Zone 2 to Zone 3 Class III Type 3

Handle relatively low surge current but have accurate and rapid voltage clamping Low discharge

Spark gap technology or Gas discharge tubes

Metal oxide varistor (MOV) technology and is characterized by an 8/20 μs current wave

High Speed clamping diodes

Between service transformer and building, and all power cables entering or leaving the building

DBs with sensitive and critical equipment such as security system, comms equipment, servers, fire detection and protection system

Installed as a supplement to Class II at point of use

Nominal A.C. Voltage (UN) 1ɸ230V or 3ɸ 400 V, (50 or 60 Hz)

Frequency 50 Hz or 60 Hz

Maximum Continuous Operating Voltage (UC)

1.1 x UN

Voltage Protection Level (UP) ≤ 1.5 kV (Cat 1 IEC 60664-1)

Modular Function Pluggable

Modes of operations 2 or 7 mode Single Phase Three Phase Lightning Impulse Current 10/350 µs Iimp

50kA

Nominal Discharge Current 8/20 µs In

Table 3: Class I + II (IEC) SPD requirements for IEC 62305 Class I protection.

25kA

50kA

25kA

Table 1: Iimp according to the building’s lightning protection level, based on IEC 62305.

Table 2: The three main types of SPDs.

Nominal A.C. Voltage (UN) 1ɸ230V or 3ɸ 400 V, (50 or 60 Hz)

Frequency 50 Hz or 60 Hz

Maximum Continuous Operating Voltage (UC)

Voltage Protection Level (UP)

1.1 x UN

1.5 kV (Cat 1 IEC 60664-1)

Modular Function Pluggable

Modes of operations

Nominal Discharge Current 8/20 µs In

Maximum Discharge Current 8/20 µs Imax

2 or 7 mode

Single Phase

20kA

40kA

40kA

Three Phase

20kA

80kA

40kA

Connecting cables from the SPD to the Earth should be keep as short as possible

To gain maximum protection from the SPD, the earthing cables, connecting the SPD to the Earth, should be kept as short as possible, to minimise the let through voltage. When SPDs operate due to voltage surges, the transient current will be discharged through the connecting cables.

The transient voltage developed across the cables will be large, due to the steep rise of transient current dI/dt. The resultant clamp voltage across the protected equipment is a vector sum of the clamp voltage of the SPD and the inductive voltage drop across the cables. For a 6 kV, 1.2 µs, 3 kV 8/20 µs, a combination test wave on a pair of 2 m long connecting cables, a let through voltage as high

as 2300 V can result. Hence it is important to keep the connecting cables as short as possible.

The connecting cables should have a cross-sectional area of not less than 4 mm2 of copper and the total length should not exceed 0.5 m and, in no case, should it exceed 1 m. Where Type 1 devices have been installed, the cross-section area should be not less than 16 mm2 of copper. If a Residual Current Device (RCD) is required for Earth fault protection, the SPD will need to be installed upstream of the RCD. Where this cannot be done, the RCD should be of the time-delayed or S-type.

How do we know that the SPD is still working?

During the initial installation, the SPD should be inspected, to ensure it is operational. Usually there

are visual indications on the SPD, that the device is still operational. This may be indicated by a GREEN visual indicator window. Should this window indicate RED, then it is an indication that the device has reached its ‘end of life’ and needs replacement.

With some products, this will involve the replacement of the device, but for many of the products in the range, this can simply be carried out by replacing the removable cartridge. An insulation resistance test of 500 V DC, carried out with the SPD connected, will produce incorrect readings. This is due to the SPD starting to conduct, as the value of Uc may have been exceeded. This test should then be conducted without the SPD connected. Alternatively, the test can be conducted at the reduced

Table 4: Class II (IEC) SPD requirements for IEC 62305 Class I protection.

Figure 7: SPDs should be connected to the Earth with cables that are as short as possible.

test voltage of 250 V DC. To achieve high system availability, the SPD should be inspected, as per IEC 62305.

Is an Electric Vehicle more susceptible to lightning strikes and will the damage be more serious?

An Electric Vehicle (EV) with a metallic enclosure will behave in a manner similar to a metallic petrol car, when it comes to the effect of lightning strikes directly on them. When lightning strikes a metallic car enclosure, the lightning current flows through the metallic car body and exits through the wheel and is discharged towards the ground.

In a split second, the electrostatic repulsion between like electric charges causes the charges to spread on the external surface of the metallic car enclosure, as the whole enclosure is electrically continuous. The voltage on the surface of the metallic enclosure will rise instantaneously to a high value. At that instant, the net electric field at any point within the metallic car enclosure is zero, based on the Maxwell equation.

If the field is not zero, then it would push the free electric charges towards the surface of the metallic car enclosure. The commuters within the metallic car enclosure will not experience electric shock, as long as they are fully within the metallic enclosure of the vehicle.

The effect is the same, regardless of whether it is an EV or a petrol vehicle, as the scientific principle is the same. Lightning is able to break down a few kilometres of an air gap and strike a vehicle on the

ground. The breakdown voltage, from the lightning-producing clouds to ground, ranges from a million to a billion volts.

With such tremendous voltage, the surge impedance of the EV and the petrol car will be similar and insignificant, as compared with the air gap between the car and the clouds producing the lightning. Hence the susceptibility of an EV or petrol car to lightning is likely to be similar.

However, a metallic car may not be a perfect Faraday Cage, so it is still important to park the car inside a sheltered area during heavy lightning storms.

Will the EV car battery suffer a short circuit and catch fire when lightning strikes directly on it?

The battery is not only the fuel to power the EV but also the fuel to feed the EV fire. The battery of an electric car is completely sealed in a IP68 enclosure. With an IP68 rating, the EV battery is water-resistant in water, up to a maximum depth of 1.5 m for 30 minutes. Thus, driving an electric car in heavy rain does not pose the risk of a short circuit.

The battery pack of an EV is usually located under the vehicle, as this helps to lower the centre of gravity and improve stability. Most EV batteries are provided with dustproof, waterproof and shockproof protection layers, for durability and usage in all weather conditions.

The battery is encapsulated in a metallic shell. This shell forms a Faraday Cage to equalise the potential difference within the battery, in the unlikely event

that lightning surges manage to enter the car metal enclosure. In the event of a car being struck by lightning, some current will flow through the car’s electrical circuits. The protection unit will detect an overload condition and automatically protect the battery. This prevents the risks of short circuits and fires, and minimises damage.

Conclusion

The effects of climate change, rainfall and lightning activities have intensified and become more severe. Lightning surges can be induced onto electrical systems, through conductive, inductive and capacitive coupling. These surges can cause power faults and damage equipment, due to their massive current magnitudes and steep rates of rise. The steep rates of rise, in turn, generate large transient overvoltages in power systems.

Electronics equipment are susceptible to lightning damage. The risk of power faults and infrastructure failure in Singapore has increased. The way to mitigate the risk of power faults and minimise damage is through the fast discharging of large surge currents and the effective control of the transient overvoltage.

SPDs protect the electrical infrastructure by discharging the surge current safely to Earth and limiting the voltage across the equipment, safely, to within 2 to 3 times the operation voltage. The selected SPDs should suit the duty and capacity envisaged for the zones of protection for the

Figure 8: Lightning current travelling along the metallic enclosure of a vehicle.

electrical system.

An SPD, with a combination of a large discharge capacity and fast response, provides an effective protection for the electrical system. Installation of SPDs should be done correctly, to achieve effective clamping voltage and prevent nuisance tripping. Premature failure of an SPD seldom occurs, but it can happen with high frequencies and high severity of lightning strikes.

There is no surge protection

system that is able to provide 100% protection from lightning strikes. If the lightning surge current exceeds the discharge capacity of the SPD, the SPD will fail. Monitoring of SPDs is essential, and SPDs should be replaced, quickly, when they fail.

References

[1] Lightning Protection Systems for buildings 2008 & 2010 – Prof Liew Ah Choy.

[2] SS 555 : 2018 Part 1 to 4 –Protection against Lightning.

[3] IEC 62305:2010 Part 1 to 4 –Protection against Lightning.

[4] IEC 61024-1 series for Lightning Protection System.

[5] IEC 61312 series for protection against Lightning Electromagnetic Pulse.

[6] IEC 61622 TR2 for Risk Assessment.

[7] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report.

[Er. Simon Lee MSc (Hons) (Elect Eng), PEng, ACPE, CEng(S), EESC & SNC(IEC) holds an EMA 22 kV Switching Licence.]

Surge Protection Devices market to reach USD 4.88 billion by 2030

The global Surge Protection Devices (SPDs) market size is expected to reach USD 4.88 billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 6.8% from 2023 to 2030, according to a report by Grand View Research Inc.

The growth of the market can be attributed to the increasing need to protect electrical and electronic devices from any potential surges. The alternative energy programmes being pursued aggressively all over the world and the growing instances of lightning strikes stemming from the increase in global warming are some of the other factors that are expected to drive the demand for SPDs over the forecast period.

Electrical and electronic devices can be highly vulnerable to transient voltages. At this juncture, SPDs are widely used in electrical installation systems to protect electrical and electronic devices. SPDs can be considered a cost-effective solution to improve the system and data reliability while preventing any undesirable downtime.

The players in the market are focused on the new product development of SPDs. For instance, in March 2023, Transtector Systems, a power and signal integrity solution provider launched a new outdoor, 10 GbE, PoE++ data

surge protector. It is designed to be used with 10 Gigabit Ethernet and PoE++ networks, WISP/ISP, telecom base stations, point-topoint links, IT and data centres, sense loops, control lines, and other applications. It provides protection against electrical transient surges produced by both internal switching events and lightning strikes.

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic took a severe toll on the market for SPDs. The fluctuations in raw material prices, owing to supply chain disruptions stemming from the restrictions on the movement of people and goods and the temporary closures of manufacturing plants, as part of the efforts to arrest the spread of the coronavirus, in the wake of the outbreak of the pandemic, restrained market growth.

However, the growing adoption of protection systems for high-technology equipment in various emerging economies is expected to create new growth opportunities for the market over the forecast period.

Highlights of the report

The hard-wired segment dominated the market in 2022. The growing adoption of hardwired SPDs in commercial, residential and industrial applications, to detect and limit

power surges and transient voltages that can potentially damage any equipment connected to signal and power lines, is expected to drive the growth of the segment over the forecast period.

The Type 1 segment is expected to grow at the highest CAGR over the forecast period. Type 1 SPDs are particularly used to protect electronic equipment from lightning surges. Type 1 SPDs are considered the first line of defence for any home or office electrical infrastructure.

The 50.1-100 kA segment is anticipated to witness significant growth over the forecast period, in line with the rapid residential and commercial infrastructure development across the globe.

Industries and manufacturing units are the major end-users of SPDs. SPDs provide industrial and manufacturing machinery with safer interlock circuits that can effectively protect electrical and electronic equipment from any overvoltage stemming from switching or lightning surges.

Asia Pacific is expected to emerge as the fastest-growing regional market over the forecast period, owing to the aggressive investments being made to cater to the rising demand for energy, in line with the growing population.

Securing software-defined vehicles

by Hwee Yng Yeo, Smart Mobility Advocate / Industry & Solutions Marketing Manager, Keysight Technologies

With increasing connectivity comes greater risks.

Old car models with mechanical components are rapidly giving way to the increasingly software-defined vehicle (SDV), with automated driving features that not only allow drivers and passengers to stay connected to the digital world but also allow them to enjoy a safer and easier journey (Figure 1). With increasing connectivity comes greater exposure to cybersecurity risks, as attested by the Internet of Things (IoT). It was not so long ago, when the conveniences of mobile connectivity seemed like a real boon – enabling banking to buying bespoke brands, with just a click.

That was until cybercrimes became a bane and a scourge. Cybercrimes are estimated to cost the global economy more than USD 20 trillion by 2026 – a 1.5 times increase, compared to the 2022 data [2].

These staggering dollar costs are hard lessons learned, and the automotive industry is stepping up on preemptive efforts to secure the next big data mine on wheels – the software-defined vehicle.

However, securing softwaredefined vehicles is extremely challenging, as increased connectivity means an increased number of potential attack interfaces (Figure 2). Not only are cyber-hacking tools more advanced, but attackers are also moving beyond direct attacks against individual vehicles and, instead, are targeting fleets, mobility applications and services.

Evolving regulations and standards

In the recent past, there were no global automotive cybersecurity

standards, but only best practices from key automakers and their Tier 1 supply chains developing their own unique cybersecurity testing requirements.

The good news is that, in 2020, the UNECE World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (WP.29) introduced an automotive cybersecurity regulatory framework for automakers. WP.29 is a unique worldwide regulatory forum within the institutional framework of the UNECE (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe) Inland Transport Committee.

Figure 1: Four key stages of development for software-defined vehicles [1].

Hwee Yng Yeo

Figure 2: Greater connectivity interfaces increase the vulnerability of software-defined vehicles to cyberattacks.

WP.29 regulations

UN R155 under WP.29 requires automakers to obtain a ‘certificate of compliance’ under a cybersecurity management system (CSMS). This is to gain ‘vehicle type approval’ so that the vehicle type can operate on public roads in participating nations.

UN R156 – mandates the deployment of a software update management system (SUMS) as a future condition of type approval.

Both regulations have been extended to existing architectures by July 2024.

Table 1: An overview of UN R155 and R156 vs ISO/SAE 21434.

Common threats

WP.29 regulations

Cybersecurity engineering standard that implements a risk-driven cybersecurity management system (CSMS) focused on engineering vehicles securely.

The standard provides vocabulary, objectives, requirements and guidelines, as a foundation for common understanding throughout the supply chain.

This enables organisations to:

• Define cybersecurity policies and processes.

• Manage cybersecurity risks.

• Foster a cybersecurity culture.

Related tests

1 Weak, guessable, or hardcoded passwords Brute force scanner

2 Insecure network services

3 Insecure ecosystem interfaces

4 Lack of secure update mechanism

Service discovery

Application layer scan and attack

Validation of secure communications

5 Use of insecure or outdated components Vulnerability assessment

6 Insufficient privacy protection

7 Insecure data transfer and storage

8 Lack of device management

9 Insecure default settings

10 Lack of physical hardening

Assess services access

Validation of secure communications

Summarize device identification

Overall summary of device settings

You must lock your car!

Table 2: The OWASP Top 10 list of preventable cybersecurity vulnerabilities serves as a checklist to implement automotive cybersecurity testing.

For example, UN Regulation 155 (UN R155) mandates rigorous cybersecurity management system audits for automakers and their suppliers. It also requires automakers to obtain ‘vehicle type approval’ which involves auditors conducting tests on vehicle products sharing the same electrical architecture.

On 1 September 2021, the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) jointly published the ISO/ SAE 21434 standard. Table 1 explains what these regulations and standards cover.

Automakers and their key suppliers must comply with UN R155 regulations, while the ISO/ SAE 21434 standard is a set of guidelines. Both must go hand-inhand, if automakers want to bring

new vehicle models to market.

Exactly how then can automakers and their Tier 1 suppliers translate both regulation and standard into action, to secure the software-defined vehicle?

The automotive industry has the benefit of leveraging learnings from cybersecurity experts who have been trying to stay ahead of hackers for decades, since the advent of the Internet of Things. For example, non-profit cybersecurity advocates, Open Worldwide Application Security Project (OWASP), has an OWASP Top 10 list of vulnerabilities that automakers reference, to secure the various attack interfaces of the software-defined vehicle.

Table 2 shows the OWASP Top 10 list, and the tests that automakers can implement for boosting automotive cybersecurity.

Putting security to the test Testing is an essential part of the UN R155 automotive cybersecurity management system (CSMS). Different systems must be thoroughly tested, from onboard hardware like physical in-vehicle networks, electronic control units and charging ports for electric vehicles, through to all layers of the open systems interconnection (OSI) stack. Multiply that with different threat scenarios and design iterations, and the list of tests is extensive.

To manage the exhaustive lists of tests and be able to manage and pass audit trails, automakers and their suppliers are turning to turnkey automotive cybersecurity test solutions. These solutions comprise electronic systems and software, to emulate a victim vehicle and hacker(s). They typically

comprise these key elements (Figure 3):

• Wireless and wireline signal emulators and analysers to simulate and monitor the vehicle’s communication systems.

• Reconnaissance and exploitative attack servers.

• Application and threat intelligence library from which different attacks can be selected and scheduled.

• Automation and tracking platform to manage test data and results, for reporting and auditing.

Early detection saves money and reputations

Taking a page from the history of the Internet of Things and, in more recent times, the smartphone, where millions of dollars are lost daily to scammers and hackers, securing the connected smart vehicle of the future is both important and urgent.

IoT and the smartphone changed the way we live. There is no going back to an off-grid world for most of us, despite the cyber risks. For us, software-defined vehicles will likely expand upon the connected way of living.

Hopefully, with lessons learned on how to secure our connected world, automakers and their key suppliers can stay many steps ahead of cybercriminals waiting to

exploit both individual car owners and organisations that run fleets and associated transportation systems, and electric vehicle supply equipment.

Rigorous testing throughout the vehicle’s life cycle will help minimise the risks of automotive

cyberattacks and help keep automakers and service providers off the headlines on who has been hacked.

References [1] World Economic Forum.

[2] Statista.

Collaborative efforts to enhance cybersecurity

Keysight Technologies Inc announced recently that it has joined the Joint Cyber Defense Collaborative (JCDC), expanding its current partnership with the US government to enhance the nation’s cybersecurity resiliency.

Leveraging 20 years of cybersecurity testing and threat intelligence research, Keysight will support JCDC’s mission of uniting the global cyber community in the collective defence of cyberspace.

In response to escalating threats to national security, the US Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) established JCDC in August 2021, under congressional authorisation.

As a unique public-private partnership, JCDC proactively gathers, analyses, and shares actionable cyber risk information to enable improved

cybersecurity planning, defence and response. A primary goal of JCDC includes enabling participants to stay ahead of adversaries and reducing cybersecurity threats before they have an impact.

Keysight offers a comprehensive suite of tools that empower organisations to be proactive with their cybersecurity, from chip to cloud, including testing of deployed tools against the latest threats and a Cyber Range training environment to keep skills up-to-date.

Keysight’s Threat Simulator offers daily updates with the latest malware and ransomware campaigns to validate firewalls, endpoint protection software, and SIEM tools, and CyPerf evaluates cybersecurity effectiveness and user experience in distributed and cloud environments.

Figure 3: Example of an automotive cybersecurity test setup. Image: Keysight Technologies.

SP’s International Learning Festival

Global education leaders and practitioners attend.

In celebration of Singapore Polytechnic’s (SP) 70th anniversary, SP recently hosted the International Learning Festival (ILF), uniting nearly 800 education leaders and practitioners from more than 147 Institutes of Higher Learning (IHLs), worldwide, to celebrate achievements and collaborate on advancing teaching and learning practices in Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Sustainability in Education.

The ILF established SP as a leader in contributions to the local and international teaching and learning landscape.

The event was graced by Guestof-Honour, Minister of State for Education, Ms Gan Siow Huang, who underscored the vital role that polytechnics play in shaping Singapore’s educational landscape and outlined how Polytechnic-ITE (POLITE) can continue to evolve and significantly contribute to the ongoing advancement of this landscape.

SP’s ILF brought together a diverse group of education experts, including International Symposium for Advances in Technology Education (ISATE) representatives, Conceive-Design-ImplementOperate (CDIO) leaders, Learning Express (LeX) delegates, and POLITE staff, creating a unique platform for sharing best practices and pedagogical innovations:

KEY HIGHLIGHTS OF ILF 2024

ILF 2024 comprised the following key events:

ISATE: Fostering Technological Advancement in Education

The ISATE convened over 200 participants from local polytechnics and overseas institutions in Japan, Hong Kong and Finland, to exchange best practices in leveraging technology to improve student learning.

CDIO: Driving Innovation in Engineering Education

As a co-director for the CDIO International Council and a regional co-lead for Asia, SP hosted the 2024 CDIO International Working Meeting, marking the polytechnic’s 20th anniversary of CDIO. Since pioneering the CDIO Framework in 2004, SP has transformed engineering education, fostering innovation and social responsibility.

The SP-CDIO Centre, established in 2022, spearheads the use of the framework to drive curricular improvement and collaborate globally to address educational challenges in a VUCA (Volatile, Uncertain, Complex, and Ambiguous) world.

The CDIO Framework is employed to cultivate students’ key competencies in addressing complex sustainability challenges by seamlessly integrating diverse learning approaches from the Engineering and Common Core Curriculum (CCC). By merging emerging domain-specific knowledge and technical skills with essential human and interpersonal skills, students are progressively equipped to collaborate effectively in multi-disciplinary teams, empowering them to tackle the world’s most intricate sustainability issues.

Beyond engineering, architecture students apply this approach, from conceptualisation to implementation, combined with advanced digital tools. This integration offers them an immersive learning experience in sustainable design, deepening their understanding of how climateresponsive buildings contribute to sustainability goals.

LeX: Empowering Students and

Communities through Global Collaboration

The LeX Conference commemorated

its 10th anniversary, celebrating the achievements of student projects that have positively impacted over 200 communities across 10 countries. The event brought together 130 top leaders, senior management and specialists, from 34 IHLs in ASEAN countries and India, to share LeX successes and explore new collaboration opportunities. By aiming to engage 1,200 students in LeX, by 2025, SP seeks to expand its global footprint and impact, while fostering sustainability.

In a series of pioneering initiatives, SP has forged strategic partnerships with IHLs in Indonesia to drive technological innovation and sustainable solutions to benefit the local community, using Design Thinking.

Gen AI Exhibition for Teaching & Learning

The Gen AI Exhibition presented achievements and innovations in Generative AI by an international community of educators, spanning diverse disciplines, domains and educational levels.

The highlights of the exhibition included a display of the creative uses of Gen AI.

In a recent study by Singapore Polytechnic, a team explored the effectiveness of the Generative AI application ‘AskWhat, Cher?’ and found it significantly enhanced students' self-directed learning. The app utilises chatbots and exit polls, prompting students to reflect on what they have learned at the end of each lesson.

The AI then analyses these responses to assess whether desired learning outcomes are met and to identify potential learning gaps. Additionally, students use the chatbots for revision and factchecking.

At VIBTECH, we equip maintenance professionals with advanced reliability and condition monitoring skills through our comprehensive training courses. We offer a variety of specialized training options, including ISO 18436-2 certified vibration analyst courses, tailored to meet different knowledge levels.

Check out our 2025 course dates below.

ISO

18436-2

Certified Vibration Analyst Courses & Dates

Vibration Analyst CAT.I Course

Vibration Analyst CAT.II Course

• Jan 14 - 17 2025

• Mar 4 - 7 2025

• May 6 - 9 2025

• Jul 8 - 11 2025

• Sep 2 - 5 2025

• Nov 4 - 7 2025

• Feb 17 - 21 2025

• Apr 7 - 11 2025

• Jul 21 - 25 2025

• Oct 6 - 10 2025

Vibration Analyst CAT.III Course

• Aug 18 - 22 2025

• Nov 24 - 28 2025

We are the appointed training representative of Vibration Institute USA in Singapore. All of the courses will be conducted at our training facility at Vibtech Training Center located at: 60 Ubi Cresecent, #01-05 Ubi Techpark, Singapore 408569

Scan for course details and brochures For Enrollment Or Enquiry

Tel: +65 6749 2426 Email: training@vib-tech.com.sg

Application of the MCSA system for condition monitoring at a water pumping station

Problems were detected and resolved.

Continuous operation and equipment efficiency are vital for maintaining water supply and avoiding costly downtime, in water pumping stations.

Vibtech Genesis has demonstrated how the company’s Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA) system is being used to provide 24/7 condition monitoring of, and advanced fault detection in, a 3.3 kV deep well submersible pump at a water pumping station.

The MCSA system was able to detect early signs of equipment failure, enabling Vibtech’s client maintenance team to prevent further damage and costly interruptions.

The MCSA system is a smart IIoT condition monitoring system, developed by a former NASA scientist responsible for the probability of space shuttle engines not being able to start up. It features automated fault detection and can identify faults in advance, using a patented algorithm within. It is also said to be the only system in the market with this capability.

Background of the application

The water pumping station depends on a high-capacity, deep well submersible pump, critical for large-volume water supply. Maintaining its operational integrity is essential to ensuring uninterrupted flow.

To enable proactive maintenance, Vibtech’s on-site engineers installed the MCSA system for continuous condition monitoring of their client’s pump assets. The MCSA provides real-time data analysis, allowing early detection of mechanical or electrical anomalies, before they lead to critical failure of the pump.

Findings

During routine monitoring, an MCSA unit detected a ‘pump imbalance’ issue. Cross-referencing with the SCADA system confirmed elevated vibration levels, recording a high amplitude of 4.54 mm/s rms on the Z-axis of the pump casing (suction side).

These elevated vibrations indicated that there were underlying mechanical problems with the pump. The readings

prompted further investigation, as the MCSA software also highlighted other potential issues with the pump, such as the rotor condition and looseness.

Rectification

Upon further inspection, the client’s maintenance team discovered that the pump impeller was dented, causing unbalanced rotation and excessive vibration. Hence by repairing the impeller,

Vibtech engineer configuring the MCSA system.

SCADA reading of the pump.

the imbalance problem was quickly resolved.

The MCSA real-time monitoring was instrumental in early detection, enabling timely corrective action and preventing significant operational downtime.

Results

• The MCSA condition monitoring system detected an imbalance issue caused by external debris, preventing catastrophic damage to the pump.

• SCADA data validated the MCSA alert, confirming elevated vibration levels at 4.54 mm/s rms.

• Maintenance teams resolved the issue by clearing debris and repairing the impeller, restoring

pump balance and operation. This application highlights how the MCSA system improves equipment lifespan and prevents

Various faults detected by the MCSA software.

The future is zero with infinite possibilities

Empower careers with specialised knowledge to stay ahead in a rapidly transforming built environment.

The built environment is undergoing significant transformation, with advancements in digitalisation, sustainability and productivity driving change. The demand for specialists who understand and can implement initiatives in these key transformation areas is rapidly growing.

To stay ahead in this evolving landscape, Built Environment (BE) professionals need more than just experience – they require specialised knowledge in emerging fields.

For those looking to maintain a competitive edge, specialist diplomas in key areas of the BE sector offer an opportunity to enhance expertise and remain relevant in an increasingly complex industry.

Industry practitioners can deepen their knowledge by upskilling through the 13 specialist diplomas offered by the BCA Academy. The newest addition, the Specialist Diploma in Sustainability & Carbon Management, is set to be launched in February 2025. This timely and essential programme addresses one of the most urgent concerns of our time – reducing the carbon footprint of buildings.

With governments worldwide implementing stricter environmental regulations and companies prioritising sustainability, the ability to manage carbon and energy efficiency within projects is becoming a critical industry skill.

This specialist diploma is tailored for BE professionals engaged in green building design and offers a comprehensive programme to address the pressing challenges of sustainable development in the built environment due to climate change. It integrates in-depth sustainability principles, focusing on super low energy buildings, carbon footprint management and equipping professionals with the

advanced skills needed to lead the transition to net-zero emissions.

The diploma consists of two modular certificates, each spanning over three months – on Sustainable Building Design Strategies and Carbon Management for the Built Environment. The first module delves into the design, management and evaluation of super-low energy and zero energy buildings. It also explores innovative cooling technologies and smart systems that are setting new benchmarks in energy optimisation.

The second module offers a comprehensive approach on carbon management that spans the entire

lifecycle of carbon emissions. From mitigation and reduction strategies to advanced life cycle assessment (LCA) techniques, this module provides the tools needed to lead the charge towards carbon neutrality.

For professionals aspiring to lead the transformation of the BE sector, pursuing a Specialist Diploma equips them with game-changing expertise to address the industry’s most critical issues, empowering them to stay ahead of evolving trends, drive impactful change and deliver innovative solutions that meet both regulatory demands and environmental goals.

The Zero Energy Plus Building (ZEB Plus) at BCA Academy, a living laboratory for sustainable green technologies, features PoE lighting and a hybrid cooling system. ZEB Plus aims to achieve at least 20% improvement in energy efficiency and 40% energy surplus.

The Zero Energy Mid-rise Building (ZEB) (left) and Super Low Energy High-rise Building (SLEB) (right) project at BCA Academy is the winner of both the IES Prestigious Engineering Achievement Awards and IES Sustainability Awards 2023. ZEB is also a Mass Engineered Timber (MET) building with lower carbon footprint and net carbon emissions.

Enhanced Capabilities, Shaping a Sustainable and Resilient Future

The future depends on engineers like you who are not only technically proficient but also adaptable, innovative, and equipped with a broad spectrum of specialised skills. BCA Academy is here to empower you by enhancing your expertise and advancing the industry-specific skills in the focus areas of the Built Environment Industry Transformation Map (BE ITM). With a comprehensive range of curated programmes, BCA Academy ensures that you are prepared to meet evolving challenges and drive the industry forward.

Specialist Diploma Programmes

• Specialist Diploma in Sustainability & Carbon Management

• Specialist Diploma in Architectural Technology

• Specialist Diploma in Smart Facilities Management

• Specialist Diploma in Facility & Energy Management

• Specialist Diploma in M&E Coordination

• Specialist Diploma in Building Information Modelling

• Specialist Diploma in Virtual Design & Construction

• Specialist Diploma in Computational BIM (Building)

• Specialist Diploma in Integrated Project Management

• Specialist Diploma in Construction Productivity

• Specialist Diploma in Building Cost Management

• Specialist Diploma in Construction Management

• Specialist Diploma in Underground Construction

upcoming courses and start planning your learning journey now!

NUS is leading by example

To mould the leaders of tomorrow, institutions of higher learning, like NUS, must inspire their students and allow them to witness the ongoing efforts of their peers and faculty.

The College of Design and Engineering (CDE), NUS, is proud to see such efforts in its faculty, students and alumni. With support from the college and university, these forward-looking individuals have stepped up to tackle today’s challenges.

Faculty addressing indoor air quality and water woes

CDE’s Professor Chandra Sekhar and Associate Professor Tham Kwok Wai joined more than 40 scientists, worldwide, to call for urgent action to mandate indoor air quality (IAQ) standards in public buildings. Together, they put up a policy article, highlighting how the COVID-19 pandemic underscored the importance of IAQ and its effects on health, well-being, productivity and learning. They leveraged technology to improve IAQ and proposed the adoption of advanced sensors and effective ventilation strategies.

CDE also pushes for climate adaptability through its Coastal Protection and Flood Resilience Institute (CFI) Singapore, led by faculty from the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE).

CFI Singapore signed MoUs with the Singapore Water Association (SWA) and the Forum for Climate Change Adaptation (FCCA) to enhance research and technology in coastal protection and flood management. This collaboration, aimed at fostering an ecosystem for innovative solutions and knowledge-sharing, was sealed at the Singapore International Water Week (SIWW) 2024.

Students and alumni making an impact

CDE students Wang Meng and Wang Bingqing developed a cost-

effective technique to convert waste carbon dioxide into valuable chemicals and fuels.

Their research, led by Assistant Professor Lum Yanwei, relies on a nickel-based catalyst to convert CO2 from industrial fuel gas into multi-carbon products like ethylene and ethanol. The multidisciplinary journal, Nature Communications, published their work, highlighting the potential cost savings and increased efficiency.

NUS and CDE support student entrepreneurship through mentorship, incentives and various programmes. Several notable start-ups set up by alumni, include Hivebotics, MeasureAI and SpaceJot.

Graduates Rishab Patwari and Nguyen Tuan Dung, who founded Hivebotics, developed their autonomous toilet-cleaning robot, Abluo, with the support of the NUS Graduate Research Innovation Programme (GRIP).

MeasureAI, founded by PhD

CFI Singapore, SWA and FCCA sealed their partnership at the Coastal Protection Business Forum during SIWW 2024.

Through research work, led by Assistant Professor Lum Yanwei (centre), students Dr Wang Bingqing (left) and Mr Wang Meng (right) developed a new technique that offers a cost-effective way to convert waste carbon emissions.

Prof Chandra Sekhar (left) and Assoc Prof Tham Kwok Wai are co-authors of the policy article, calling for urgent action, worldwide, to standardise indoor air quality.

graduate Gokala Krishnan Ramachandran, won the Smart Port Challenge 2023 for its gas-sensing platform addressing maritime safety.

SpaceJot, which uses generative AI to enhance sales processes for interior designers, was the product of co-founder, Shaun Mak.

To learn more about the master’s and doctoral programmes at CDE, visit NUS CDE Graduate Programmes.

From left to right, CDE start-ups Hivebotics, MeasureAI and SpaceJot.

ENGINEERING EDUCATION

A winning partnership

An ITE diploma marries practical training with industry needs. Find out how this benefits both partner companies and trainees!

With over 900 partners and a 96% satisfaction rate among employers, the ITE Work-Study Diploma (WSDip) programme has grown in popularity in recent years. Since its launch in 2018, the WSDip programme has expanded to 42 courses, of which 20 are in engineering. These include Aircraft Engine Maintenance, Electrical Engineering and more.

Work-ready graduates

WSDip trainees are full-time employees of a WSDip partner company, undergoing 70% to 80% on-the-job training at the workplace, and 20% to 30% offthe-job learning at ITE. With course fees fully sponsored, trainees can focus on working, earning and learning, at the same time. Trainees also chalk up work experience during their course of study – giving them an edge over other full-time diploma graduates.

“The WSDip programme has allowed me to gain practical skills. Being able to work on real projects in a real work environment with my peers has not only enhanced my knowledge and experience, but also equipped me with skills to take on a supervisory role,” said Ms Tan Yu Ting, a Senior M&E Supervisor at Woh Hup (Private) Limited.

ITE Technical Diploma (TD)

Yu Ting graduated with a WSDip in Mechanical & Electrical Services Supervision in 2022.

Employer benefits

Aside from receiving a grant of up to SGD 15,000 per trainee, partner companies also get to co-train their workforce using a customised curricula that is aligned with industry needs.

“By co-designing the curriculum with ITE, it enables us to incorporate real-life examples and industry experience into a structured module to be taught in the classroom. This enables immediate application into the working environment when they begin their journey with us. The experience and theory they gain

ITE also offers eight full-time TD courses for Nitec and Higher Nitec graduates. The curriculum for each course is developed in collaboration with an overseas partner from France, Germany, Hong Kong or Switzerland. Graduates earn joint transcripts and/or a professional/ higher diploma conferred by the partner institutions on top of the TD certification given by ITE.

ITE currently offers these engineering TDs:

• Machine Technology

• Automotive Engineering

• Civil & Structural Engineering

• Electrical Engineering (Clean Energy)

within the classroom prepares them to be assimilated into their new working environment,” says Mr Lee Hsin Chong, Managing Director, BNL Group of Companies.

Some 90% of WSDip graduates continue to work in the same sector after graduation. Mr Francis Tan, Director of Human Capital and Development, Sheraton Towers Singapore, added, “The WSDip programme has proven effective in talent retention within the industry. Our experience with ITE trainees has highlighted their impressive competence and readiness for work.”

“Our WSDip trainees are very keen to learn and they are also very passionate. I see it in every single one of them, which is why I am so happy to work with them all the time,” Mr Lee agrees.

For more information on the ITE WSDip and ITE Technical Diploma programmes:

ITE WSDip: ITE TD:

Ms Tan Yu Ting

WSDip Partner, Mr Lee Hsin Chong

Advancing AI across disciplines

A new programme is launched.

The MIT Stephen A Schwarzman College of Computing has announced the launch of a new programme to support postdocs conducting research at the intersection of artificial intelligence and particular disciplines.

The Tayebati Postdoctoral Fellowship Program will focus on AI for addressing challenging problems in select scientific research areas, and on AI for music composition and performance. It will welcome an inaugural cohort

of up to six postdocs for a oneyear term, with the possibility of renewal for a second term.

Supported by a USD 20 million gift from Parviz Tayebati, an entrepreneur and executive with a broad technical background and experience with startup companies, the programme will empower top postdocs by providing an environment that facilitates their academic and professional development and enables them to pursue ambitious discoveries.

Candidates accepted into the programme will work on projects that encompass one of six disciplinary areas – biology/ bioengineering, brain and cognitive sciences, chemistry/chemical engineering, materials science and engineering, music, and physics.

The Tayebati Postdoctoral Fellowship Program is a key component of a larger focus of the MIT Schwarzman College of Computing aimed at fostering innovative research in computing.

AHR Expo announces 2025 Innovation Awards Winners

AHR Expo, the International AirConditioning, Heating, Refrigerating Exposition, recently announced the winners of the 2025 AHR Expo Innovation Awards. Winners are chosen annually in 10 industry categories and represent the most innovative products and technologies in the market.

The winning products and technology will be presented on the show floor at AHR Expo 2025 which will be held in Orlando, Florida, USA, from 10 to 12 February 2025.

AHR Expo 2025 is co-sponsored by ASHRAE and AHRI, and will be held concurrently with ASHRAE’s Winter Conference.

The winners of the 2025 AHR Expo Innovation Awards are:

• BUILDING AUTOMATION

– Winner: Distech Controls. Innovation: Eclypse Facilities.

• COOLING – Winner: Climate Control Group. Innovation: EnviroKIT.

• HEATING – Winner: AERCO, A Watts Water Company. Innovation: AERCO CFR.

• INDOOR AIR QUALITY – Winner: Senva Inc. Innovation: TotalSense Indoor Air Quality Sensor.

• PLUMBING – Winner: Grundfos. Innovation: Grundfos ALPHA HWR.

• REFRIGERATION – Winner: Danfoss. Innovation: Danfoss BOCK HGX56 CO2 T.

• SOFTWARE – Winner: Radiant Professionals Alliance. Innovation: Building Efficiency System Tool 6.2 (BEST 6.2).

• SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS –Winner: LG Electronics USA Inc. Innovation: LG Residential Cold Climate Heat Pump.

• TOOLS & INSTRUMENTS –Winner: PassiveLogic. Innovation: PassiveLogic Sense Nano.

• VENTILATION – Winner: Rosenburg USA Inc. Innovation: Rosenberg I-Series Backward Curved Fans.

The Innovation Awards draws hundreds of manufacturers to enter their breakthrough designs. All entries are reviewed and selected by a panel of third-party judges made up of distinguished ASHRAE members. Evaluations are based on overall innovative design, creativity of the product or service offered, product or technology real-world application, as well as overall potential market impact.

In addition to category winners, one overall 2025 Product of the Year winner will be announced and awarded in Orlando. This prestigious honour is awarded, based on exceptional leadership in HVACR innovation.

AHR Expo

AHR Expo is the world’s premier

HVACR event, attracting a comprehensive gathering of industry professionals from around the globe each year. The show provides a unique forum where manufacturers of all sizes and specialties, whether major industry brand or innovative start-up, can come together to share ideas and showcase the future of HVACR technology under one roof.

Since 1930, AHR Expo has remained the industry’s best place for OEMs, engineers, contractors, facility operators, architects, educators and other industry professionals to explore the latest trends and applications and to cultivate mutually beneficial business relationships.

AHR Expo is produced and managed by International Exposition Company Inc, USA.

AHR Expo 2024 was held from 22 to 24 January 2024 in Chicago, USA.

The role of AI in optimising indoor comfort and efficiency

As the world becomes more conscious of environmental impacts, modern HVAC solutions are increasingly integrating advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), to meet the growing demand for more innovative and efficient climate control.

AI has emerged as a pivotal tool in enhancing the performance of HVAC systems. It optimises energy usage by enabling these systems to learn from and adapt to their surroundings, while ensuring consistent comfort.

AI-powered HVAC systems can analyse factors like indoor temperature, humidity levels, and even real-time weather conditions to adjust their operations accordingly. This adaptability reduces unnecessary energy consumption and lowers operational costs.

A prime example of AI in HVAC is LG’s Multi VTM i Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) system. Features such as AI Smart Care and AI Energy Management are designed to analyse indoor environmental data such as room temperature, occupancy and humidity levels, optimise energy usage and maintain a comfortable atmosphere, all without manual intervention. Using real-time data and sophisticated algorithms, the Multi VTM i VRF system can automatically adjust settings to balance comfort and efficiency. Beyond optimising comfort and efficiency, AI-enabled HVAC systems offer predictive maintenance and noise control benefits. By continuously monitoring system performance, these solutions can anticipate and address potential issues before they escalate, reducing downtime and maintenance costs.

Integrating AI in HVAC systems represents a significant leap

forward in pursuing more sustainable, efficient and comfortable indoor environments. As technology advances, AI’s role

in HVAC systems will undoubtedly expand, offering even greater benefits for both residential and commercial applications.

Beyond optimising comfort and efficiency, LG's AI-enabled HVAC systems offer predictive maintenance and noise control benefits.

Features such as AI Smart Care and AI Energy Management, in LG’s Multi V TM i Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) system, are designed to analyse indoor environmental data and automatically adjust settings to balance comfort and efficiency.

An overview of the Panasonic VRF HVAC system

Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems are essential for creating comfortable indoor environments, and one of the innovative solutions in this field is the Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) system.

Panasonic is a notable player in the HVAC market, offering VRF technology that provides efficient heating and cooling for various applications.

The core advantage of Panasonic’s VRF system lies in its ability to control the flow of refrigerant to multiple indoor units, from a single outdoor unit. This flexibility allows for customised comfort in different zones of a building, making it an ideal choice for both residential and commercial spaces. Each indoor unit can be independently controlled, allowing occupants to set their preferred temperatures, without affecting other areas.

Energy Efficiency is a key feature of the Panasonic VRF system. With advanced inverter technology, the system adjusts the compressor speed, based on the cooling or heating demand, resulting in lower energy consumption compared to traditional HVAC systems. This not only reduces utility bills but also contributes to environmental sustainability by minimising greenhouse gas emissions.

Design Versatility is another notable aspect of the Panasonic VRF system. The compact design of the indoor units allows for seamless integration into various architectural styles and spaces. From ceiling-mounted to wallmounted options, the system can accommodate diverse building layouts and aesthetic preferences. This versatility is particularly beneficial in retrofitting older buildings, where traditional ductwork may not be feasible. Advanced controls enhance

the user experience, allowing for precise temperature regulation and energy management. Panasonic offers smart control systems that enable users to monitor and adjust settings remotely, contributing to both comfort and energy savings. These systems can also integrate with building management systems for improved efficiency across larger facilities.

Furthermore, air quality is a significant consideration in HVAC systems, and Panasonic incorporates advanced filtration options in its VRF units. High-performance filters can help reduce airborne pollutants and allergens, creating a healthier indoor environment for occupants.

In conclusion, Panasonic’s VRF HVAC system represents a modern solution for heating and cooling needs, combining energy efficiency, design flexibility and advanced technology.

As businesses and homeowners increasingly seek sustainable and customisable options, the Panasonic VRF system offers an effective way to meet diverse comfort requirements, while prioritising environmental responsibility.

Whether for new constructions or renovations, this system provides an innovative approach to HVAC that aligns with contemporary demands.

Staying ahead of failures with the help of partial discharge and leak detection systems

Power Technologies, a leading innovator based in Singapore, offers cutting-edge solutions for partial discharge (PD) and water leak detection, that will ensure the safety and longevity of critical infrastructure.

The company specialises in comprehensive, predictive, energy harvesting, thermal monitoring solutions, leveraging advanced Industrial IoT (IIoT), Big Data and AI technologies.

Partial discharge sensors PD can cause significant damage to electrical equipment, including insulation degradation and equipment failure, and can result in increased maintenance costs.

PD generates acoustic waves, noise and electromagnetic radiation, that can be detected using ultrasonic sensors, microphones and RF sensors. Monitoring these signals makes it possible to identify and address PD before it leads to serious problems.

Modern PD detectors identify early electrical faults by capturing

localised discharge signals and offering real-time monitoring, wireless communication and remote diagnostics, for efficient maintenance.

The PTSPD4000W is designed to comprehensively monitor PD, temperature and humidity. The sensor boasts a lifespan of over 10 years, with safety, reliability and maintenance-free operation, powered by industrial batteries.

The PTSPD1000 Wireless Nuclear Pulse Local Discharge Sensor captures discharge signals from three-phase energised devices without modifying cabinets. With easy installation, real-time wireless monitoring and strong anti-interference capabilities, it enhances the safety and reliability of electrical systems.

The PTSPD119 Pulsed Current Sensor uses the pulse current method to measure partial discharge in pC units, with advanced noise elimination and anti-interference technologies, for reliable use in high-voltage switchgear.

Water leak detection system

Unnoticed water leaks can lead to structural damage, electrical hazards and costly downtime. Common areas prone to leaks include cooling systems, HVAC systems and electrical enclosures.

Water leak detectors use key technologies, like conductive sensing cables and smart sensors that detect even the smallest leaks, by sensing changes in moisture levels. These systems send real-time alerts to facilities managers, enabling immediate action. Integrated with building automation and IoT platforms, they enable quick responses.

The PTSHMI1 Liquid Leak Detector HMI delivers fast, reliable monitoring, with a bright LCD, 1GHz CPU and IP65-rated durability. Its flexible connectivity and customisable interface ensure adaptability in critical environments.

The PTSPCM series (PTSPCM3A and PTSPCM-4 Pro) of Locating Liquid Leak Detector Relays detects liquid leaks over a distance of up to 150 m, providing real-time location information via an LCD. Its relay and RS485 outputs enable seamless integration, making it vital for protecting critical infrastructure.

The PTSPD1000 Wireless Nuclear Pulse Local Discharge Sensor captures discharge signals from three-phase energised devices without modifying cabinets.

The PTSPCM-3A Locating Liquid Leak Detector Relay.

OUR COMPANY PRODUCTS

Smart Sensors, Safer Systems

Sensor Gateway

PTSP1807 /E/F GATEWAY MODULE WITH RS485/ETHERNET/FIBER OPTIC

Sensors

PTSPS061 WORLD’S SMALLEST WIRELESS TEMP SENSOR

PTSPS096 LIGHTNING ARRESTOR METER & COUNTER

PTSPS114 WIRELESS TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY SENSOR

PTSP1810 MULTIFUNCTION WIRELESS REPEATER

PTSPS067/B/M WIRELESS INFARED TEMPERATURE SENSOR

PTSPS095 INTEGRATED EARLY WARNING SENSOR FOR GROUND CABLE TRENCH

PTSPS115 WATER LEVEL SENSOR SYSTEM

PTSPS087 WIRELESS CURRENT FLOW SENSOR5 TO 200A

PTSP1814 WIRELESS GPRS REPEATER PTSPW3100 SOLAR POWERED TOWER GATEWAY

PTSPS068 WIRELESS TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY SENSOR

PTSPS102 WIRELESS DOOR MAGNETIC SENSOR

PTSPS116 MICRO WEATHER STATION

PTSPD9900 INTELLIGENT MEASURING AND DISPLAY DEVICE FOR SWITCH CABINET

PTSPS069 CABLE PLUG WIRELESS TEMPERATURE SENSOR

PTSPS104 TEMPERATURE VIBRATION SENSOR SYSTEM

PTSPW2100 WIRELESS RECEIVING MODULE

PTSPS088 WIRELESS CURRENT FLOW SENSOR - 50 TO 6000A

Water Leak System

PTSPW2000F HMI RECEIVING MODULE

PTSPS090 SOLAR POWERED WIRELESS OVERHEAD CABLE TEMP SENSOR

PTSPS111 WIRELESS BATTERY TEMPERATURE SENSOR

PTSPS120 ROLLER BELT TEMPERATURE & RPM MONITORING

PTSPS075 CABLE TEMPERATURE SENSOR SYSTEMS

PTSPS071 BUS DUCT INFRARED TEMPERATURE SENSOR

PTSPS070 OVERHEAD LINE TEMPERATURE SENSOR

PTSPS086 WORLD’S SMALLEST WIRELESS TEMP SENSOR

PTSPD1000 WIRELESS NUCLEAR PULSE PD SENSOR

PTSPD119 PULSED CURRENT LOCAL DISCHARGE SENSOR

SENSOR

Collaborative robotic palletiser for SMEs in Singapore

OnRobot, a world leading turnkey provider for collaborative robot (cobot) applications, has partnered with ProPal Robotics, an advanced automation technologies company, to introduce an off-the-shelf collaborative palletiser for SMEs in Singapore.

Powered by D:PLOY, from OnRobot, a platform solution that provides same-day installation, requires no programming and can be re-deployed within minutes, the introduction of ProPal20 and ProPal20L is said to mark a groundbreaking advancement in the robotics industry.

The investment by OnRobot and ProPal Robotics in Singapore aims to benefit SME manufacturers that are currently facing workforce challenges and require a costeffective solution for high mix palletising applications.

Palletising is the logistics process of stacking goods on top of a pallet to consolidate the load, maximising warehouse space and making it easier to transport the goods.

Traditionally, palletising is carried out by manual labour, due to the high-mix nature of production lines, with one line often catering to different box sizes. This makes

automation costly and difficult, as programming and re-programming are time-consuming and require external technical expertise.

The robotic solutions, built by ProPal Robotics and powered by D:PLOY, are said to address these challenges, as an industry-first, offthe-shelf, palletising solution that can be installed within just one day.

Thanks to D:PLOY, the ProPal20 allows operators with no programming skills to make their own modifications to the application. Switching between box types and sizes, on the same line, can be completed within minutes, keeping the production line moving with no disruptions.

This palletiser automates and optimises the process of transferring, loading and stacking cases of goods, of up to 12 kg, onto the pallet, with a cycle time of up to 8 boxes per minute.

The solution includes a JAKA Zu20 cobot, a 20 kg payload robot for safe industrial tasks, such as material handling and assembly, paired with the OnRobot VGP20 gripper for efficient picking and packaging. It is controlled by the OR:BASE controller, a modular compute box with power and internet connectivity, and

Visualisation of a ProPal palletising robot.

operated through D:PLOY software to simplify programming and workflow optimisation.

OnRobot provides end-of-arm tooling and sensors to all major collaborative robot brands, from two and three-finger grippers to sanders, vacuum polishers, vision sensors and more, and solutions for a broad range of applications and tasks.

With D:PLOY, automation is simplified, providing companies with a flexible, easy and affordable entry point into robotic automation. Complete applications can be deployed in just a few hours, saving up to 90% on deployment and re-deployment time, compared to conventional solutions.

ADVERTISERS’ INDEX

AAT Training Hub Pte Ltd –––––––––––––––––––––––– Page 43

Assets Training & Technical Services Pte Ltd ––––––––– Page 47

Building and Construction Authority - BCA Academy ––– Page 45

Camfil Singapore Pte Ltd –––––––––––––––––––––––– Page 09

IES Academy ––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Inside Back Cover

IES Chartered Engineer Programme ––––––––––––––––– Page 04

IES Membership ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Page 15

IES-INCA –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Page 05

Institute of Technical Education –––––––––– Inside Front Cover

LG Electronics Singapore Pte Ltd –––––––––––––––––– Page 11

Mapei Far East Pte Ltd –––––––––––––––––––––––– Page 27

National University of Singapore –––––––– Outside Back Cover - College of Design and Engineering Panasonic Singapore –––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Page 53

Power Technologies Pte Ltd –––––––––––––––––––––– Page 55

Process Innovation Asia Pacific (PIA) 2024 –––––––––– Page 03

PSB Academy Pte Ltd (Coventry University) ––––––––– Page 49

SBS Transit Rail Pte Ltd ––––––––––––––––––––––––– Page 13

Siemens Pte Ltd ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Page 39

Singapore Institute of ––––––––– Page Facing Inside Front Cover

Manufacturing Technology

SITCE 2024 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Page 02

Systemair (SEA) Pte Ltd –––––––––––––––––––––––– Page 07

Vibtech Genesis Pte Ltd –––––––––––––––––––––––– Page 41

EMPOWERING STUDENTS IN BUILDING A BETTER TOMORROW

Singapore citizens and permanent residents enjoy a 40% fee rebate on all master’s (coursework) programmes!*

The NUS College of Design and Engineering is committed to shaping leaders with vision to address the pressing challenges of our time.

Through our master’s and doctoral programmes, we instil in students the capacity to tackle complex societal and global issues.

Our interdisciplinary education entails: Rich choices of graduate programmes

Renowned and dedicated faculty

Career support and advisory services

Supportive college community

@NUS.CDE

@NUS.CDE.SG LINKEDIN.COM/SCHOOL/NUS-CDE/

CDE.NUS.EDU.SG