DETAIL English 03/2014 Concept · Higher-Density Housing

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English Edition

Higher-Density Housing · Review of Architecture and Construction Details · Vol. 2014 · 3

Concept

∂ Review of Architecture Vol. 3, 2014 • Higher-Density Housing Editorial office: E-mail: redaktion@detail.de Tel.: +49 (0) 89 38 16 20-57 Christian Schittich (editor-in-chief) Sabine Drey, Andreas Gabriel, Frank Kaltenbach, Julia Liese, Michaela Linder, Thomas Madlener, Maria Remter, Theresa Steinel, Edith Walter, Heide Wessely Christa Schicker (freelance assistant) Peter Popp (online) Marion Griese, Emese M. Köszegi, Simon Kramer (drawings) Product editors: Meike Regina Weber (editor-in-chief) Katja Reich, Hildegard Wänger, Tim Westphal, Jenny Clay Peter Green (pp. 224 –270, 284 –292) Elise Feiersinger (p. 238) Mark Kammerbauer (pp. 232–237, 272 – 283); Marc Selway (pp. 294 – 319) (English translations) Advertising: E-mail: anzeigen@detail.de Tel.: +49 (0) 89-38 16 20-49 UK Representative Advertising: Synergy Group Media E-mail: detail@synergygm.com Tel.: +44 (0) 20-82 55 21 21 Distribution and marketing: E-mail: mail@detail.de Tel.: +49 (0) 89-38 16 20-0 Subscription contact and customer service: Vertriebsunion Meynen Grosse Hub 10 65344 Eltville, Germany E-mail: detailabo@vertriebsunion.de Tel.: +49 (0) 61-23 92 38-211 Fax: +49 (0) 61-23 92 38-212 Publisher and editorial office: Institut für internationale ArchitekturDokumentation GmbH & Co. KG Hackerbrücke 6 80335 Munich Germany Tel.: +49 (0) 89-38 16 20-0 Fax: +49 (0) 89-39 86 70 www.detail.de/english

The French and Italian translations are available for every issue and can be downloaded as PDF files: www.detail.de/translation

Discussion 226 Minimization as an Experiment? – In Conversation with pool architects from Zurich

Norbert Fiebig, Oliver Herwig

Reports 232 Shigeru Ban – Pritzker Laureate 2014 236 Manhattanism along the Maas: “De Rotterdam”

Klaus Englert 238 Books, Exhibitions

Typology 240 Spatial Concepts as an Expression of Social Conditions

Ulrike Wietzorrek 246 Housing Development in Zurich

Edelaar Mosayebi Inderbitzin Architects, Zurich 249 Housing Cooperative in Berlin

ifau & Jesko Fezer, Berlin and Heide & von Beckerath, Berlin 252 High-Rise Housing Block in Oslo

MAD Architects, Oslo 255 Student House in Geneva

Lacroix Chessex, Geneva 258 Student Hostel in Paris

OFIS Architects, Ljubljana 261 Publicly Assisted Housing in Bolzano

cdm architetti associati, Bolzano 264 Housing Development in Aarhus

JDS Architects, Copenhagen 268 Housing Development in Berlin

Grüntuch Ernst Architects, Berlin

Process 272 Residential Tower in Munich

Hierl Architekten, Munich 284 Housing Development in Hamburg

LAN Architecture, Paris

Products 294 302 310 316

Cladding and Surfaces Bathroom and Sanitaryware Interior Design On the Spot

320 Service 326 Persons and organizations involved in the planning • Contractors and suppliers 330 Programme • Photo credits • Editorial and publishing data

Editorial

Multistorey Housing Urban housing developments today have to accommodate many flexible dwelling typologies to meet different models for living: for singles, students and the classical nuclear family as well as for patchwork groups of senior citizens and homeworkers in a digitally cross-linked ­society, where the boundaries between living and work have become blurred.

In their Hamburg project (page 284), LAN Architecture of Paris have created a wide range of types, from groundfloor d ­ wellings for disabled people to maisonettes and tailor-made town houses – all within the unifying structure of the facade – combining the advantages of a singlefamily house with those of urban residence.

An astonishing wealth of layouts has also been achieved

by Hierl Architects in their high-rise block on a redevelopement site in Munich, a complex they implemented without needing to stack storeys repetitively on top of each other (page 272). A major role in this is played by the oriels – partly glazed and partly in the form of open loggias – that wind in spiral form up the facade.

Finally, mention should be made of the student hostel in Paris by OFIS (page 258), which shows two quite different faces: a sculptural, animated show front and the entrance side with its tiers of access galleries.

Discussion

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Minimization as an Experiment? – In Conversation with pool architects from Zurich

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To put things in a nutshell, three elements are necessary for high-quality housing: land on which to build, capital and good ideas. Today, however, we are confronted with aspects like environmental and economic change as well, which make the creation of new dwellings a much more complex matter. The maxim lies in the word “minimum”; i.e. housing that reflects all facets of sustainable forms of construction, while at the same time ensuring optimal density and costs. The aim of all this is to guarantee that habitation remains affordable for as many people as possible in the future. What typologies and layouts will we need in the years to come, and what materials should be used to create good living conditions?

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pool architects in Zurich are very much concerned with this topic: developing housing for the future. Raphael Frei and Mischa Spoerri, partners in pool architects, Martin Gutekunst, an associate partner, and Jörg Lamster, managing director of the planners and consultants “durable”, who collaborated with the practice, outline the present challenges they face.

The loss of natural landscapes, caused by overdevelopment and housing sprawl, is a disturbing factor in society today. There’s no escaping the political discussion of this issue. In many areas of Switzerland and Germany, it has led to a concept of “drawing closer together” because reserves of build-

ing land are no longer available everywhere.

The principle of increased density not only poses a challenge in terms of spatial planning in general; it affects the potential of urban development and housing construction as well.

What’s more, things that have long been taken for granted in these fields have to be questioned anew. Since the early 1950s, there has been a constant expansion of areas for habitation in Europe: fewer people are coming to occupy an ever greater space. Demographic shifts, changes in family structures as well as greater demands in terms of living conditions have all contributed to this development. In Zurich, for example, the average dwelling space per person has risen by 40 per cent since 1970.

Nevertheless, despite the increase in habitable area, less accommodation is actually available. With the changes wrought by environmental considerations in spatial planning, economic aspects are making themselves felt, too: moving closer together often leads to demolition and investment in new construction. The increased density resulting from this forces prices up. Housing becomes more and more expensive and is not affordable for everyone. Sustainability is another major aspect in the housing sector, of course. How, then, does a relatively young practice deal with such paradigms of change? How do modern demands in the realm of housing affect typologies and layouts, and the choice and application of materials?

An office pursuing new paths pool emerged in 1994 as a platform for discussion, organizing workshops and debates on the subject of architecture and urban planning. In 1996, this collaborative group took up its practical work. In 1998, an architectural cooperative was founded, comprising eight partners with equal rights.

The partners and shareholders in this cooperative enterprise chose an organizational form that is common in Switzerland, but one with which architectural practices are relatively unfamiliar. Collective building implies

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A, B A uhalde terraced housing, Untersiggenthal, 2009 –11 architects: pool architects, Zurich fourth-floor layout plan scale 1:750 C, D Leimbachstrasse housing development, Zurich, 2002– 05 architects: pool architects, Zurich fifth- and sixth-floor plans scale 1:750 1 2 3 4 5 6

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a big promise in terms of cooperation and the creative ping-pong that goes with it – a process in which complementary intelligence plays a major role. A cooperative means “working together collectively to achieve a good form”, as Mischa Spoerri formulated it. In an earlier interview, he described how difficult it was in the early days: “Our lack of success, which lasted until 2001, gave us time to get to know each other’s quirks and also to establish the administrative and financial side of things on a sound basis.”

Today, the office has a team of 70 assistants. One of the key areas of its work lies in housing construction. More recent projects

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– mostly in and around Zurich – include the housing developments in Leimbachstrasse (2005), Aspholz (2007) and Blumenfeldstrasse (2008), the Badenerstrasse housing and commercial complex (2010), the Au­ halde terraced housing scheme (2011) and a project currently under construction, comprising three housing blocks for the coope­ rative “more than just housing”.

For pool architects, planning the large-scale Leimbachstrasse development was a big break professionally as well as a turning point in their housing concepts. In this scheme, instead of following the usual standards of 4½- and 5½-room dwellings, they designed units with reduced areas, in

accordance with concepts of sustainable construction.

Reduction and transformation According to Mischa Spoerri, “The clients were taken completely by surprise by environmental changes – as we were ourselves.”

At the universities, sustainability was not something worthy of consideration, Raphael Frei said. In those days, architecture was the focus of attention, and sustainability had nothing to do with it, one believed. People who concentrated on this issue at the end of the 1980s were not taken seriously. It was ignored “so that one could become a good architect”. Then, in the course of the past

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Shigeru Ban – Pritzker Laureate 2014 An Interview with Shigeru Ban

Architect: Shigeru Ban, Japan

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ics of construction. They didn’t let anyone else influence them, but developed their own style.

DETAIL: Only a few days ago the Pritzker Foundation called you and you found out that you are the laureate of the 2014 Pritzker Architecture Prize. What was your first reaction?

Ban: I was surprised. It’s a great honour to be awarded this prize! You know, from 2006 to 2009 I actually was a member of the Pritzker Jury. And, I am familiar with the complicated processes and endless discussions that such decisions are based on.

DETAIL: Their own style, so...what drives this notion?

Ban: When I started working as an architect more than 30 years ago, protecting the environment and green building were considered outlandish. No one talked about it. For me however, it was something completely natural, something highly self-evident. I was always interested in working with inexpensive, regional and reusable materials. This is the reason for – if you will – my personal style.

DETAIL: Why, of all people, you?

Ban: I was told that one significant reason was the continuity of my work. For more than 20 years now I have been working on erecting temporary structures in regions affected by crisis and disaster while uniting efficiency and aesthetics despite their seemingly contradictory character.

DETAIL: Where does the material you use come from?

Ban: The cardboard tubes are everyday products made for the paper industry. No­ thing custom-made. We use whatever the market supplies us with. And the advantage is that paper factories exist all across the world.

DETAIL: One of your specialties is building with paper and cardboard. When did that ­begin?

Ban: The first project made of cardboard was the design for an exhibition on Alvar Aalto in 1986. That was in Japan, not far from Tokyo. I had decided that I didn’t want to build with wood again. So, I eventually decided to build with paper and cardboard.

That was the very first time that an architect worked with this material.

DETAIL: Since then, you have been working with it on a regular basis. What aspect of this construction material do you find particularly fascinating?

Ban: What do you mean? I don’t consider it fascinating at all. It is a construction material like any other. The only difference is that no one thought about working with it before I did. That’s all.

DETAIL: That sounds very pragmatic. I’m not sure I can believe you.

Ban: I can phrase it differently: I have an affinity for inventing. Merely following trends and fashion styles doesn’t satisfy me. Just look at Buckminster Fuller or Frei Otto! They didn’t follow any trends either. They developed their very own language and aesthet-

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DETAIL: How do you determine the stability of these products?

Ban: This kind of tube is tough. If you’ve ever seen how many tons of paper can be wrapped around this kind of tube, then you are aware of that. As time passed we made precise strength tests with the various pro­ ducts and can base our work on existing data. If a new product joins the fold, we have to do a new test.

DETAIL: What needs to be taken into account when building with paper?

Ban: You mean fire and water?

DETAIL: For instance.

Ban: Do you ever drink orange juice?

DETAIL: You mean from a Tetra Pak container?

Ban: Exactly. There are many methods out there already on how to make paper pro­ ducts watertight and water-resistant. The same applies to fire proofing.

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A, B Japanese Pavilion in Hanover Completion: 2000 C Child day care centre in Odate Completion: 2001 D Office Building in Zurich Completion: 2014 E Canopy in Pouilly-en-Auxois Completion: 2005

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DETAIL: How durable are your paper constructions?

Ban: How durable are concrete constructions?

DETAIL: According to the concrete lobby, eternally.

Ban: Yes, but we all know that isn’t true. A building made of concrete can be easily ­destroyed by water and earthquakes and is difficult to repair. Concrete lasts for less than 100 years. What most people don’t know is: a house made of paper, if it is well built, can withstand the strongest earthquake, because of its lightweight construction. A heavy building will collapse.

DETAIL: So, paper is more durable than concrete?

Ban: Yes, among other things. As I have already said: the technology isn’t the problem.

DETAIL: But? Ban: Regulations! The bureaucracy has no experience whatsoever with paper and cardboard constructions and they don’t want to deal with them. In this regard, norms and codes are out-of-date all across the world. The approval process is extremely complex.

DETAIL: You have built plenty of paper constructions. The empirical data exists. How could this process be simplified?

Ban: I don’t think that the process can be simplified. It will remain difficult.

DETAIL: Do you enjoy a challenge?

Ban: Why would I otherwise do what I do?

DETAIL: On the one hand, you build for rich, privileged clients and worldwide corporations and institutions. On the other hand, for people in need.

Ban: Being architects, we work for privileged individuals almost all the time. They have money, power or both. They hire us to build memorials for them that symbolize that power. This has always been the case. That E is the historic role of architects ...

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DETAIL: ...that you call into question.

Ban: Most of the time when a disaster strikes and emergency shelters are required shortly thereafter, architects are ­nowhere to be seen. Yet, we can help, and by doing so, contribute to improvements in this field. And that is what we should be ­doing.

DETAIL: In which role do you feel more comfortable? As an architect of the rich or as an architect of people in need?

Ban: In a certain way, there is no difference.

It’s all the same.

DETAIL: No difference at all?

Ban: The only difference is: the rich pay me, the poor don’t.

DETAIL: In an interview you once said that you aren’t interested in earning money.

Ban: That is true. But I happen to have an office, and this office has to survive. I simply don’t like talking about money. I hate deal-

ing with business matters and fees. My partner does all that stuff.

DETAIL: In 1995 you founded the Voluntary Architects’ Network (VAN). What’s the story here?

Ban: Precisely that! Building for people in need. We work all across the world. Wher­ ever crises and disasters take place, such as after wars, earthquakes, fires, hurricanes and tsunamis. Where housing for many thousands of people needs to be provided in a very short amount of time.

DETAIL: And where do you find your volunteers?

Ban: There are no permanent members. I find the volunteers on location, sometimes they are from all across Japan. Helpers from outside the country would have to get here by plane, and we can’t afford that.

DETAIL: You are the seventh Japanese architect to receive the Pritzker Prize for Architec-

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Shigeru Ban – Pritzker Laureate 2014

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Sports Hall in Odate Completion: 2002 House near Tokyo Completion: 2000

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ture. What makes Japanese architecture so attractive to the Pritzker Foundation?

Ban: You mean, what characterizes Japan­ ese architecture? I don’t know. Nationality isn’t relevant for the Pritzker Prize jury anyway. That is how I remember it.

DETAIL: Would you describe yourself as a Japanese architect?

Ban: No. I didn’t receive my education in Japan. I studied in California and in New York.

In that regard, I am an international architect.

DETAIL: And where do you feel at home?

Ban: On board an airplane. That’s where I feel a sense of privacy. No joke! That’s where I can do all the things that I never

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have any time for: draw sketches, watch films, and sleep. And I love to travel between time zones. I get a very special kick out of that.

DETAIL: Have you already decided what to do with the 100,000 $ US prize money?

Ban: I will continue to do what I have been doing up to this point. That won’t change. If anything, the work will increase.

DETAIL: So? Ban: Oh, you mean the 100,000 Dollars?

DETAIL: Exactly.

Ban: I will invest the money in my non-governmental organisation activities. There’s plenty of work to do in that area.

Shigeru Ban, born 1957 in Tokyo Prefecture, studied architecture at the Southern California Institute of ­Architecture (SCI-Arc) in Los Angeles and with John Hejduk at Cooper Union’s School of Architecture in New York City. His most famous buildings include the Curtain Wall House in Tokyo (1995), the Japanese ­Pavilion at Expo 2000 in Hanover, the Centre Pompidou in Metz (2010), the Cardboard Cathedral in Christchurch, New Zealand (2013) and the recently completed Tamedia wood office building in Zurich (2014). His Voluntary Architect’s Network (VAN) built housing developments, schools and churches in Japan, India, Sri Lanka, Haiti, L’Aquila in Italy as well as the Philippines. Shigeru Ban will receive the Pritzker Prize on June 13th at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.

Wojciech Czaja was born in 1978 in Ruda Slanska, Poland. He studied architecture at the TU Vienna. In 2005 he began working as a freelance journalist.

Since 2011 he is guest professor at the University of Applied Arts in Vienna and teaches communication and strategy for architects.

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Housing Development in Zurich Architects: Edelaar Mosayebi Inderbitzin Architects, Zurich Team: Jonathan Roider (project architect) Dominique Kühnhanss, Rosanna May, Sandra Mosbacher, Michael Reiterer, Pascal Steiner, Samuele Tirendi Structural engineers: APT Engineers, Zurich Others involved in the project: see page 326

The old village-like structures of Schwamendingen, situated in the north of Zurich, are still visible in many places, but there is also a marked trend to increased density in the district. The present scheme was the outcome of a competition, the aim of which was not only to extend an old farmhouse in place of a former barn structure, but to create a new housing development in the garden to the rear. In this position and with a height of only two storeys, the new building is carefully and unobtrusively integrated in the surrounding fabric.

Following the course of a small stream, the elongated housing strip has two contrasting faces. On the side overlooking the stream, the slightly angled form means that the building is perceptible over its full length. It

is further articulated by two open staircases.

The garden aspect is subject to greater differentiation. Indentations in the volume define courtyard-like situations and garden spaces that are related in their proportions to those of the surrounding developments and which interact with them to the same small scale.

The sawn timber boarding to the facades of this new block conjures associations of a summer house or shed. On the other hand, this impression is contrasted with the precision of the individual timber construction elements and the way they are joined together. The cladding is drawn round the building in a thin layer, and the windows – surrounded by bright green metal sheeting – seem almost to have been cut out of the

wooden skin. The external spaces – the loggias and staircases – are accentuated by their bold yellow coloration. This collage of different colours and surface finishes lends the facade an animated appearance.

One outcome of the complex geometry of the building is that the 13 dwellings have different layouts, although they all follow the same pattern: entry is via an L-shaped living room with an open kitchen and dining area.

The angular sequence of spaces affords a variety of views, which makes the small dwellings seem larger than they really are.

This impression is reinforced by the roomheight doors and the linoleum flooring. The fact that the latter is laid without joints, enhances the sense of spatial continuity and ampleness in the flats.

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Access to staircase Two-room flat Three-room flat Four-room dwelling Garden

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Housing Development in Zurich

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Floor plan scale 1:250 1 Entrance 2 Kitchen-dining area 3 Living area 4 Bathroom 5 Bedroom 6 Loggia

Cooperative housing No. of dwellings: 13 Size of dwellings: 57– 93 m2 Special uses: Mechanical services 14 m2 Washing and drying room: 40 m2 Bicycle store: 80 m2 Basement spaces: 117 m2 Quadruplex flat (north staircase) Duplex flat (south staircase) Maisonette with separate access Gross floor area: 1,445 m2 Effective floor area: 1,147 m2 Date of completion: 2012 Construction costs: €5,035,000

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Residential Tower in Munich

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Twisted, not stacked – Individual ­Highrise Life

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Munich is booming. Abandoned railway tracks, former military sites and a limited number of industrial brownfields are among the last remaining areas available to the city for redevelopment. They are the target of the city’s ambitious goal to create 7000 dwelling units per year. The Isarbelle Tower is also located on a redeveloped site formerly owned

by Siemens in Obersendling. Beginning in 2001 the electrical engineering company Siemens took on the task of planning the redevelopment of the corporation’s 19.5 hectare site in the southwest of Obersendling.

The aim of the project titled “ISAR-SÜD Siemens Campus” was to create an entire urban quarter. A public petition successfully

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demanded the termination of the project in 2004. The reasons were two proposed office towers, 120 m tall and situated directly next to the listed, 75 m tall “Maurer-Tower”, built in 1963. From then onwards, new construction in Munich was not permitted to exceed the height of the 100 m tall church spires of the Frauenkirche. In follow, Siemens laid this plan to rest. From 2005 onwards and based on a city council resolution, workshop-based competitions were held. This eventually led to suggesting a site 6.4 hectares in size intended for 760 apartments covering 77,000 m2 of floor area plus schools, kindergartens and parks. In 2008 a real estate developer purchases the site.

The official land use plan is based on the revised design by Diener und Diener in collaboration with Vogt Landschaftsarchitekten.

The part of the area west of the S-Bahn comprises a block with 4 to 5 storey block border construction that serves to shield off the traffic noise of the heavily used streets surrounding it. In the interior of the block, five 50 meter tall residential towers are loosely arranged within the park-like landscape that stretches across the S-Bahn from East to West, interweaving it with the adjacent green spaces (ill. A). The project developer divided the block into four segments and sold them individually to property developers. One of them, Pandion GmbH, held an

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architectural competition in 2009 for the ­tower in their segment. Out of 8 participants, Hierl Architekten emerged as winner.

Apartment as spatial experience The project prevailed despite the fact or precisely because it departs from the requirements stated by the land use plan with its pentagonal building layouts. Hierl Architects were inspired by the swinging shapes of the park’s landscape design. Their slightly curved facades along nearly square floor plans approximately 23 m in width provide better views towards the outside from within the apartments. The competition project diverges even more from conventional typologies than the built version: instead of stacking platforms with uniform ceiling height upon one another, the architects structure each apartment into 2.50 m tall bedrooms and 3.00 m tall living rooms. This generally means that floor slabs jump in height on every second floor, while the rooms with low ceilings of one apartment are located above the rooms with tall ceilings of the apartment below (ill. I – M). Interchangeable rooms or secondary suites can, for instance, be occupied by caregivers and connected to the primary apartment. Even investors acknowledge this additional flexibility of use. They often purchase two adjacent apartments and subdivide the total area after resale into apartment layouts that can be freely selected by the enduser according to their needs (ill. E, F). Each unit offers diversified spatial sequences. A vestibule leads across a hallway to the open living space situated in the building corner and featuring windows facing two directions. The loggias are protected from wind and slightly cantilever outwards, thus providing broad vistas. Doors between rooms produce enfilades that make apartments appear larger by providing additional circulation space (ill. G, H).

From competition to realization Since the alternating ceiling heights of floor slabs would have been too expensive and prohibitive to flexibility, they weren’t realized.

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ent element that provides each apartment with its own individual character: bays that feature either windows or open loggias and encircle the building in a spiral movement.

They give the somehow squat proportions of the tower as required by the land use plan a dynamic twist (ill. B). The spiral succession of bay windows is produced by shifting the seven bay windows of each floor by one window bay on each successive floor. The locations of these protrusions match up on every third floor. This results in the three layout types A, B, and N of the upper floors. The first floor provides recessed loggias only.

The ground floor apartments have access to a garden instead of a loggia. The lower third M of the upper storeys features five apartments per floor, the middle third comprises four apartments per floor and the top third includes three or two aparments per floor. This results in 10 different layouts distributed across 16 storeys (see p. 277). The placement of the bay windows allows residents to identify their apartments from the outside.

With their approach of “individuality, not anonymity” the architects inspired the client, who recognized the potential for valorization and was willing to cover additional expenses. The architectural design committee is persuaded by the concept and in 2009 recommends to build it despite the deviations from the land use plan. After three years of construction N time the building is completed in late 2013.

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Site plan according to land use plan by Diener & Diener in collaboration with Vogt Landschafts­ architekten, scale 1:7500 B Completed building November 2013 C – M Competition project, 1st phase, Hierl Architekten C Spatial sequence, open living area, installation ­layer, core D Ventilation concept: ventilation via facade, ­exhaust via installation layer in hallway area and core ducts E, F Flexible use: interchangeable rooms, connections between apartments, secondary suites G Living rooms with views in two directions and ­outdoor loggia access H Doors within partition walls, circulation within apartments I, K, M Different ceiling heights within apartments L Varying ceiling heights within apartments, loadbearing perimeter wall with flexible partition walls N Competition, 1st phase, Hierl Architekten 2009 O Real estate brochure, Pandion AG 2011

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Residential Tower in Munich

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Five-Star Hotel Quality open (plan) living A discussion with Reinhold Knodel, ­management, Pandion AG

DETAIL: In which way was the “IsarBelle” project interesting to you as a real estate developer?

Reinhold Knodel: We are interested in exceptional architecture. We built the crane houses along the Rhine waterfront a number of years ago in Cologne. Construction costs of high-rise buildings exceed those of conventional low-rise buildings by 600 EUR/m2.

However, the additional costs pay off only in good locations via higher sale value increases. And, the location Obersendling is very good. This project was really exciting to me. “IsarBelle” includes the name of my daughter, Isabelle, and the Isar, nearby the site.

9th, 12th floor plan scale 1:250

DETAIL: Don’t residential highrise buildings lack popularity among many people?

Reinhold Knodel: Not if you avoid the mistakes made in the 1970s. The architectural language is supposed to distance itself from that era. It is a fact that a large number of people lives in highrise buildings. Batteries of mailboxes and nameplates along the entrance, however, produce anonymity. Yet, while even more people may stay in a five star hotel, the lobbies of such buildings don’t feel constrained. This is why we design the entrance and lobby areas of our residential properties generously and with high-quality materials, hide the mailboxes, and offer a concierge and a reception desk.

DETAIL: Why isn’t there a concierge at IsarBelle?

Reinhold Knodel: We actually intended to have one. We were able to purchase the project in 2008 in the middle of the financial crisis, with the full intention to assume the risk. In 2011 we were rather happy to be able to sell IsarBelle in its entirety to the Stadtsparkasse. It manages the occupation of the building, thus making it a secure ­investment. The new owner covered the ­additional costs of 100 000 Euro for an ­elaborately designed double-height lobby – yet, without a concierge. In hindsight of course, selling apartments individually in 2013 would have been more profitable,

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Flashover Computer Simulation Kathrin Grewolls, Gerald Grewolls

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Structural fire protection, ground floor Double-height lobby, without fire loads T30 RS 2 Fire wall T90 RS Smoke exhaust Fire department lift Wall hydrant, riser, positive pressure ventilation Safety staircase Fire control panel Direct egress, staircase with direct exit Simulation, temperature distribution along ­facade: 230 seconds (Q), 500 s (R), 600 s (S), 1200 s (T) after glass failure

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Buildings with a top floor level more than was recreated as a 3D-model (e.g. one in22 m above the surrounding ground level ternal unit on one floor and a part of the faare defined as highrise buildings, because cade). After that, we estimated the typical they include floors that can no longer be fire load in order to model a virtual fire scereached by fire department ladders. Highnario from its ignition until it was extinrise buildings are considered unregulated guished. For each of the two variants - with special structures in many of Germany’s a parapet height of 1.00 m as per MHHR federal states. This is why it is necessary to and with the desired parapet height of develop a comprehensive fire safety con0.40 m – multiple simulations were conductcept for these buildings that is oriented on ed. During the simulation run we observed particular protection goals as well as the the temperature impact on the bay windows model highrise building directive (MHHR). in the case of a fire in the apartment below.

Due to the particular requirements placed This indicated that the cantilevered bay efon evacuation and rescue as well as effecfectively provided fire proofing based on the tive extinguishing measures for highrise result that the temperature difference along buildings, the fire protection concept is the glazing between the 40 and 100 cm varbased on the principle of partitioning by use of fire resistant and non-combustible construction materials. This is combined with built means of emergency egress (two enclosed staircases or a single protected staircase) as well as technical means to detect fires (fire alarm system). Measures to extinguish fires in a highrise building are supported by the installation of a firefighter lift and wet riser systems with wall hydrants on each floor. Integrating a fire alarm system is not a mandatory requirement for highrise buildings below 60 m and with interior partitions smaller than 200 m2, as long as flashovers between floors can be prevented by a fire-resistant and non-combustible parapet.

Q R This parapet has to be at least 1.00 m tall according to MHHR. In order to increase open views from within the building, the architects wanted to reduce the opaque portion of the parapet to 40 cm. In order to compensate for this, they planned the cantilevered bay construction. In follow, the permit process required a fire protection certificate oriented on particular protection goals.

The aim of the certificate was to compare the risk of flashover between two parapet variants. Since live fire testing is very expensive, this certificate was based on a computer simulation program (Fire Dynamics Simulator, FDS). The modelling of the intricate facade curvature was conducted with the FDS-Preprozessor PyroSim ®. For this T certificate, one part of the building geometry S

9

iants didn’t exceed 20 K. In a second simulation (flashover between two open, yet laterally offset loggias with fire resistant borders), adiabatic temperatures of roughly 550 °C were reached. For the facade variant to be realized, this certified that the flashover risk was approximately comparable to a parapet corresponding to the MHHR with 1.00 m height.

Kathrin Grewolls heads the engineering firm Ingenieurbüro für Brandschutz Grewolls in Ulm and Chemnitz. She developed the computer simulation for the fire protection certificate for the engineering firm Ingenieurbüro Peter Seitz. Together with Dr. Gerald Grewolls ­(SIMTEGO GmbH, Ulm) she authored “Praxiswissen Brandschutz – Simulationen” in 2013.

Products

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Cladding and Surfaces

Controlled approach

Concrete choice aims to bring new style to Southend

Vivix® exterior facade panels from Formica have been used on the new control tower for Kristiansand Airport in Kjevik, Norway, that serves the Agder district with domestic and international flights. The egg-inspired shape dictated the choice of material, which had to be curved to create the structure. Architects from Archus and from Wiig og Horgmo were responsible for the design, and specified the panels as they can be easily machined and cut into a variety of shapes and sizes.

In addition, as the control tower is 30 m above ground level, the cladding material needed to be lightweight for ease of installation and safety. Storm, a deep charcoal grey, was the colour choice.

When designing the Forum in Southend-onSea, the material of choice for architects ADP was a light-coloured precast architectural concrete with an acid-etched finish, and Decomo UK was selected to design, manufacture and install the cladding. Forming part of the Elmer Square development and located on the site of a former public car park, the new building represents the centre of Southend’s educational quarter.

The company says that as well as decorative the panels are practical and functional, being resistant to impact and abrasion, and can contribute to how a building as a whole performs. Carrying the Carbon Trust’s Carbon Reduction Label, they are manufactured in Europe to ISO 9001 standards, and have fire class B-s1, d0 (EDF 6 mm) according to European standard EN13501-1. ¥ Formica Group United Kingdom � +44 (0)191 259 3100 www.formica.com

One of a number of major sustainable regeneration projects in Southend, the £27 million scheme for the Forum was jointly funded in a three-way client share arrangement between Southend Borough Council, the University of Essex and South Essex College of Further and Higher Education.

The building is set within a new public square and provides a modern academic and municipal library, learning facilities, a cafe, an arts venue and a new home for the Focal Point Gallery.

In addition to shared use of the library, the college and university have acquired modern research and education facilities including a lecture theatre, teaching areas, seminar rooms and administration offices.

The cladding panels comprise 236 individual units, which include those to the adjacent sub-station, the external ramp walls and the freestanding entrance area feature wall, the latter in architectural dark grey concrete, again with an acid-etched finish. The project presented a number of challenges, notably the L-shaped fin units to the west elevation, which incorporated an aesthetically sensitive unmoulded (trowelled) face to one side of the projecting legs. These had to be acid-etched to replicate the moulded faces.

A similar situation applied to the freestanding entrance wall. In addition, installing the ‘underslung’ units to the opposing east elevation required floor-mounted A-frame gantries: units were transferred to these from

the site tower cranes with the chains passing through holes in the floor slabs to facilitate the final positioning of the units.

Steve Weyman, project director for main contractor Wates Construction, commented, “From a site logistics perspective this was a demanding project. We had pretty tight constraints on space, a very tight programme and several trade contractors working concurrently, each with their own needs and, in particular, demands for use of the two tower cranes. Despite this, Decomo completed the installation of the precast cladding in accordance with our programme requirements and to an exceptionally high standard.”

Like many UK cities and towns, Southend has its share of less commendable examples of the use of precast concrete cladding dating from the 1960s and 70s. The Forum aimed to demonstrate that things have changed, and that architectural precast concrete can be a material of choice well into the future. Pending final BRE approval, it will receive a BREEAM ‘Excellent’ rating. ¥ Decomo UK Ltd United Kingdom � +44 (0)207 689 8058 www.decomo.be

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Designs on aluminium create interest in the landscape

Green is the colour

A car park in Ørestad, Copenhagen features a distinctive facade cladding of FF3® perforated sheets from Novelis. The car park, shown above and below, left, is clad with the 3 mm pre-painted aluminium material in an eye-catching design showing images of automobiles. In line with its urban development goals, the Danish city set its sights on reducing street parking options in order to allow passers-by to better enjoy the city’s diverse facade composition. As a result, the new facility, encompassing a space of more than 23,000 m² over eight stories, provides more than 700 parking spaces for use by both local residents and businesses.

StoRend Cote and StoRend Flex with Sto Ventec board have been used to provide a vibrant and colourful aesthetic for Alsop High School, the largest secondary school in Liverpool. The main building dates from 1926 and the rest of the teaching was carried out in 30 classrooms in outdated portable accommodation. These temporary units are replaced with a 5,500 m² three-storey building, and the original building is remodelled. The architects state they specified Sto for the quality of its finished products and for the range of colours available. The school colour is green, and they played with this throughout the building, with a different shade of green on every level.

The design by architects Christensen & Co of Copenhagen focused primarily on integrating and blending in with the surrounding apartment buildings. At the same time, the facade needed to indicate it serves as a car park, and therefore motorists should not be distracted only by the design itself. As well as being a feature, the perforated facade also serves as a natural ventilation system so that use of the electronic ventilation can be reduced to just a few days a year. The parking lots are illuminated with daylightsimulating LED light, which reduces CO2 emissions. The manufacturer cites exceptional workability, high permissible load and

corrosion resistance as major features of the material. In addition, it is 100 % recyclable, non-flammable and is A1 certified, the top rating given under the European fire standard DIN EN 13501.

J57S® aluminium, also from Novelis, was used to create a lamellar facade of wide and wavy aluminium ribbons in anodised quality on the Baselworld exhibition centre in Switzerland (seen above and below). Said Jacques Herzog of architects Herzog & de Meuron: “A flat surface would look too hard and powerful. Glass did not make sense because complete transparency in an exhibition centre is not desirable, and brick is simply too heavy. Because the building is so vast it deserved something light and versatile – hence the aluminium ribbons.”

The building offers an exhibition area of 38,000 sq.m. The glass basement level extends three stories high, with distinct views to the street, and the City Lounge atrium is formed by a circular opening in the centre of the hall, allowing a direct view of the sky.

The new building has a steel frame, block infill and cavity walls formed in two distinct parts: the curved half is the teaching block and the square front facing part is the activities block. The front and sides are finished with render, whilst the back is a mix of brickwork and render. It has gained an Energy Performance Certificate rating of ‘A’ and a BREEAM rating of ‘Very Good’.

¥ Novelis Germany � +49 (0)551 304-0 www.novelis.com

¥ Sto Ltd United Kingdom � +44 (0)141 892 8000 www.sto.co.uk

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Bathrooms and Sanitaryware

Space-saving WC

Comprehensive collection in black and white

The In-Tank Meridian WC by the Spanishowned sanitaryware brand Roca is designed to offer a compact sanitary solution to accommodate a variety of room layouts and preferences. Available in back-to-wall and wall-hung models, the new WC is claimed to be the first to have a concealed cistern integrated within the pan – this removes the need for a separate installation system by incorporating a concealed cistern, frame and flush plate.

Villeroy & Boch manufactures a wide range of sanitaryware and bathroom accessories and cites tradition, quality and authenticity as key attributes of the brand. Amongst its most recent introductions is the Memento collection, a minimalist design with consistent straight lines that offers plenty of scope for individual bathroom styling.

The wall-hung option is supplied complete with either a straight or an L-shaped support, enabling it to be fitted to solid or cavity walls. With a projection of just 595 mm, it requires less installation space than conventional back-to-wall and wall-hung units, thus offering greater flexibility of positioning as well as saving on installation complexity, time and materials, states the company.

WRAS approved, the In-Tank helps reduce water consumption due to its economical 3- or 4.5-litre flush, and also features SoftAir technology, which gives a powerful flushing performance. ¥ Roca Ltd United Kingdom � +44 (0)1530 830080 www.uk.roca.com

There is a choice of surface-mounted washbasins, and these include large rectangular dual versions and some with integral towel rail beneath. They are available in white alpin, matt white, glossy black ceramicplus and white alpin ceramicplus. The ceramicplus finish is said to be a particularly easycare and dirt-repellent surface: water forms droplets that flow off the surface, taking the dissolved dirt and limescale with them.

Another basin option is the striking Baroquestyle pattern shown below, known as the New Glory print. This delicate floral filigree with platinum detailing will mix and match with any of the other pieces, and the wallmounted WC and bidet in black or white also co-ordinate with the rest of the collection. Furniture in the Memento range includes countertops, vanity units, shelves and storage cabinets in bright oak, with countertops additionally available in black

or cream glass. Features of the company’s furniture ranges include back panels finished on both sides, robust all-metal hinges and completely sealed edges. Convenience and functionality are provided by full extension pull-outs, storage containers that can be re-arranged at will, self-closing drawers and doors with dampers. Environmentally friendly raw materials and energy-saving LED lamps are used.

Amongst other products available is a range of shower trays in a variety of materials, as well as shower enclosures and screens.

Seen below is the Futurion Walk-In shower enclosure in 8 mm safety glass, with chrome plated or satin-finish chrome profiles. The Futurion shower tray is made of Quaryl® material, developed and manufactured by Villeroy & Boch, which is said to combine the best properties of natural quartz with the versatility of high-quality acrylic resin. The result is a material that can be moulded to meet the highest design requirements, is durable and timeless, and warm to the touch, it is claimed. ¥ Villeroy & Boch United Kingdom � +44 (0)20 8871 4028 www.villeroy-boch.co.uk

Prize 2014 powered by

DETAIL is inviting submissions for the DETAIL Prize for the sixth time. The main prize – the DETAIL Prize 2014 – will be picked by an internationally renowned jury, while the winner of the Reader Prize will be chosen by the readers themselves in an online voting procedure.

In both categories – the DETAIL Prize 2014 and the Reader Prize –, already completed projects featuring innovative details within an overall coherent concept will be honoured.

The prize-winners will be announced in autumn 2014 and honoured in a formal awards ceremony in Berlin on 20 November 2014. DETAIL looks forward to receiving numerous submissions.

Dates Invitation to take part: 1 June 2014 Final date for submission of entries: 31 July 2014 Online voting: 18 August to 20 September 2014 Awards ceremony: 20 November 2014

Submit your projects online by 31 July 2014! www.detail.de/detailprize

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2014 ¥ 3 ∂

On the Spot

Ecobuild Review: Audience involvement is key to the success of the exhibition This year’s event offered visitors even more opportunity to attend and participate in seminars and discussions, along with an extensive conference programme that took place over two arenas. ‘Private wealth, public realm: have we got the balance right?’ was the subject of a talk by architectural critic, historian and writer Joseph Rykwert (below), recipient of the 2014 RIBA Royal Gold Medal. He posited the view that it may be time to think again about the shape of our cities and how they function as working bodies rather than individual buildings.

The show is also the vehicle for a number of awards ceremonies and competitions, including the BREEAM Awards, which this year had a different format, creating a shortlist of the five highest scoring buildings in each section, which were put forward for the final selection of the winner to a panel of industry judges. Climate Week 2014 ran from March 3 to 9, with the official launch taking place on the first day of the show and the winners announced of the Climate Week Awards for exemplary professional achievements in various categories.

The UK Green Building Council was the lead partner for this year’s Ecobuild. As well as helping develop and deliver the events,

conference and seminar programmes, it once again had its own UK-GBC Village at the heart of the exhibition. Its Vision Wall was pronounced a great success, with contributions pouring in over Twitter and many people coming to the stand to write messages on the wall on a stream of multicoloured post-it notes with their visions for a sustainable built environment.

Saint-Gobain unveiled the results of its ‘world-first’ retrofit project on its stand. The company worked with the Energy House at Salford University and leading academics from Leeds Metropolitan University to prove that whole-house, fabric-first retrofitting of homes can deliver significantly reduced energy costs and lower CO2 emissions, and remove 50 % of air leakage, leading to benefits in the overall comfort and well-being of the occupants.

The results of the project, which included up to 63 % energy savings through the combined installation of Saint-Gobain high-performance products and systems, were revealed at the seminar theatre on its stand.

Other sessions covered an array of topics including Eco & Green Deal, Multi-comfort Buildings, Delivering Low-energy Homes and Training over the course of the show.

Assa Abloy Security Solutions announced it is delivering Building Information Modelling (BIM) for specifiers through the launch of doorset and hardware objects. Initially launching nine BIM doorset objects, the company has plans to develop a further 20 hardware set objects during the year.

The company presented its full specification toolkit, which includes BIM objects, NBS plus specification writing and a range of CPD seminars at the exhibition.

It also hosted a webcast on the application of BIM to design specifications, and this is available as a download from its website.

Amongst other topics in the hour-long seminar, the panel members explored how architects and main contractors are currently ­applying BIM and the key drivers within the market, and also looked at Assa Abloy’s integrated approach to BIM. ¥ Assa Abloy Security Solutions United Kingdom � +44 (0)1902 366911 www.assaabloy.co.uk ¥ Saint-Gobain Ltd United Kingdom � +44 (0)2476 560780 www.saint-gobain.co.uk

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2014 ¥ 3 Concept ∂

Programme for 2014 • Photos ∂ 2014 1

Materials and Surfaces

∂ 2014 2

Timber Construction

∂ 2014 3

Concept: Higher-Density-Housing

∂ Green 2014 1 ∂ 2014 4

Refurbishment

∂ 2014 5

Facades

∂ 2014 6

Lighting and Interiors

∂ Green 2014 2

Photo credits: Photos for which no credit is given were either provided by the respective architects or they are product photos from the DETAIL archives. pp. 224: Julien Lanoo, Comines pp. 225, 227, 230 bottom: Andrea Helbling, Arazebra, Zurich p. 226: Peter Tillessen, Zurich p. 228: Ana Hernández Pérez p. 230 top: Giuseppe, Micciché, Zurich p. 231, 232 top: Frank Kaltenbach, Munich p. 232: Christian Schittich, Munich p. 233 top left: Shinkenshiku-sha, Tokyo p. 233 top right, bottom: Didier Boy de la Tour, Lausanne p. 234: Hiroyuki Hirai, Tokyo pp. 236 –237: Ossip van Duivenbode, Rotterdam p. 238 top left: HabiHut LLC, Bozeman p. 238 top right: © Victoria and Albert Museum, London p. 238 bottom: Architectural Press Archive / RIBA Library Photographs Collection pp. 239: Tomaž Gregorič, Ljubljana p. 240: Ruedi Walti, Basle pp. 241, 243: Roger Frei, Zurich p. 242 top: Walter Mair, Basle p. 242 bottom: Hannes Henz, Zurich p. 244 top: Margherita Spiluttini, Vienna p. 244 bottom: Heinrich Helfenstein, Zurich p. 245: Roland Halbe, Stuttgart pp. 246 –248: Roland Bernath, Zurich pp. 249 –251:

Andrew Alberts, Berlin pp. 252 –254: Jiri Havran, Oslo pp. 255 –257: Radek Brunecky, Zurich pp. 258 –260: Tomaž Gregorič, Ljubljana pp. 261 –263: Andrea Martiradonna, Milan pp. 264, 266, 267 top, 293: Mikkel Frost, Copenhagen pp. 268, 269 Jan Bitter, Berlin p. 270: Elke Stamm, Berlin pp. 271, 273, 281: Christian Schittich, Munich pp. 274, 276, 278: Florian Holzherr, Munich pp. 277 middle, bottom: Artur Ajzenman, ProPlan pp. 277 – 278, 328 left: Michael Spakowski, Lichtenau p. 282: Ingenieurbüro Grewolls, Ulm p. 283: AWD Ingenieure, Cologne pp. 285 –286, 288 –290, 292 top: Julien Lanoo, Comines p. 292 bottom: Katrin Arfmann, Hamburg p. 292 middle: Thomas Margaretha, Munich p. 298 top right, bottom right: Rieder, Sabrina Scheja, Heerbrugg p. 300 top centre, bottom centre: Baselworld bzw/MCH-Group p. 312 top left, bottom left, bottom centre: Alexis Chabala, London p. 314 top left, bottom left: Ed Reeve, London p. 314 top right, bottom right: Deborel Maroc, Casablanca p. 319 top: Roger Frei, Zurich

Black-and-white photos introducing main sections: page 225 Housing Development in Zurich with Dwellings for

Senior Citizens and a Crèche Architects: pool Architekten, Zurich page 231 Centre Pompidou-Metz

Architects: Shigeru Ban Architects Europe; Jean de Gastines, Paris page 239 Student Hostel in Paris

Architects: OFIS Arhitekti, Ljubljana page 271 Residential Tower in Munich

Architects: Hierl Architekten, Munich page 293 Housing Development in Aarhus

Architects: JDS Architects, Copenhagen CAD drawings All CAD drawings contained in the “Documentation” section of the journal were ­produced with VectorWorks®.

∂ Review of Architecture + Construction Detail

DETAIL English appears in 2014 on 11 January, 1 March, 2 May, 1 July, 2 September, 4 November.

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