For first choice treatment of bleeding oesophageal varices the only therapy that IMPROVES SURVIVAL *
References: 1. Bosch et al. Seminars in Liver Disease 2008;28;3-25 2. Bosch J et al. Journal of Hepatology; 48 (2008); s68-s92 3. Cardenas A. Clin Liver Dis 14 (2010) 251-262 4. Doctor's leaflet June 2010
Ferring Pharmaceuticals Ltd. P.O.Box 3551, Caesarea Industrial Park 38900, Israel Tel.:+972-4-6309500 Fax: +972-4-6309511 www.ferring.com
*Approved indication: Bleeding oesophageal varices and treatment of type I hepatorenal syndrome
Treatment for Chronic Hepatits B
BAR-02-11
Effective viral suppression1,2 + high genetic barrier1,2
Biotis is an exclusive representative of selected brands of BMS
Biotis Ltd. 22 Hamelacha St. P.O.Box 11372, Rosh Haรข€™Ayin, 48091 Tel: 03-9002050 Fax: 03-9002029 www.biotis.co.il Please refer to Baraclude approved Israeli Ministry of Health Physician Prescribing Information References: 1. Baraclude (entecavir) MOH approved physician prescribing leaฤƒ&#x;et, June 2009 2. Tenney DJ et al. Hepatology (2009) Vol 49, 1-12 Indication: Baraclude is indicated for the treatment of chronic HBV in adults with compensated liver disease and evidence of active viral replication and persistently elevated ALT levels. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients. Special warnings and precautions: dosage adjustment is recommended for patients with renal impairment, possible acute exacerbation of hepatitis, a higher rate of serious hepatic adverse events has been observed in patients with decompensated cirrhosis, occurrences of lactic acidosis (in the absence of hypoxaemia), sometimes fatal, usually associated with severe hepatomegaly and hepatic steatosis, have been reported with the use of nucleoside analogues, patients should be advised that therapy with entecavir has not been proven to reduce the risk of transmission of HBV and therefore appropriate precautions should still be taken, this medicinal product contains lactose. There are no adequate data from the use of entecavir in pregnant women.
2012 โซืืจืฅโฌ
Amal Bishara, Ola Haj-Yehya-Abu-Aita and Rifaat Safadi Tissue Typing Unit and Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem
HLA compatibility in liver-transplantation (LTx) is controversial. We aimed to explore a โfive-year follow-up retrospective studyโ the effect of HLA-C polymorphism and cross-match (CM) on LTx-outcome. 130 LTx-recipients with CM and HLA-C typing were divided to groups of (1) 84-recipients with available data for donor-recipient HLA-C genotyping for matching and for serologic cross-match. (2) 117-recipients with available data for HLA-C (C1,C2) genotype and HLA-Bw. (3) 130-recipients with available data for the HLA-Cw alloantigen profile. Analysis was done to study correlations with rejection episodes, complications and survival after transplantation. Results showed no effects in outcome after LTx for Donor/ recipient HLA-C matching or recipient HLA-C genotype. Serological-CM was a significant predictor for survival but not rejection episodes. The NCM-recipients enjoyed better survival compared to PCM (P=0.049). HLA-C/NCM co-analysis didnโt reveal an additive factor. Among HLA-Cw* alleles, recipients expressing HLA-Cw*06 experienced a significant increase in rejection episodes along the 3-months interval following transplantation (P=0.043). Furthermore, we reported significant protective effect for Cw*04 allele (P=0.008) with no effects of HLA-Cw* alleles on survival outcome. NK-cells from HLA-Cw*06 recipient showed increased count and activity as compared to HLA-Cw*04 recipients. They also showed increased in-vitro hepatocyte (Hep3B-cells) killing compared to other HLA-Cw* subtypes. HLA-C matching have no crucial effect on LTxoutcome, the serologic-CM predicts survival outcome but not rejection episodes. HLA-Cw*04 allele has a protective effect and HLA-Cw*06 allele has a risk effect for rejection episodes and NK are suggested to mediate this effect. This will help predict graft acceptance and planning effective immune-suppression.
Two Decades of Liver Transplantation in Israel M. Carmiel-Haggai The West Galilee Hospital and the Israeli National Transplantation Center
During 1991-2011 769 liver transplantation were performed and registered in the Israeli National Transplantation Center. The majority (82%) of liver transplantations were adult cadaveric donor. During the last 5 years the use of living donor liver transplantation had increase from 4% to 18.6% in adults. There was an increase of pediatric transplantation from 9%
(2% from living donors) to 16.5% while half were living donor. Simultaneous liverโkidney transplantations (SLK) accounts for 4-5% of all transplantations, regardless of the change in the allocation scheme to MELD score during 2005. The most common primary liver disease among liver transplant patient is HCV (34%) although the leading cause for liver transplantation during the last 5 years is hepatocellular carcinoma (31%). Average one year patient and graft survival accounts for 79% and 78.3% respectively. Five years patients survival during 1991-1999 was 63% and 72% during 2000-2010, with annual mortality rate of 2.4% beyond the first year after transplant. Urgent re-transplantation was done on 7% of cases. The use of old donors had increased in the last decade: during 1991-1999 donors older than 50 were used in only 36.6% of cases while in the last 10 years they account for 48%. In conclusion: During two decades of liver transplantation in Israel, facing a severe shortage of organs there is an increase usage of living donation for pediatric and adults. The use of living donor for urgent adult liver transplantation is common.
Hepatic 13 C-Methacetin Metabolism Correlates Well with the Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient (HVPG) in Patients with Cirrhosis Reuben A1,2, Guggenheim G3, Hershkowitz A3, Ben Oren I3, Ilan Y2 1Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC, USA; 2Liver Unit, Hadassah Medical Center, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel; 3Exalenz Bioscience Limited, Modiโin, Israel.
Background: In patients with cirrhosis, portal hypertension (PHTN) leads to life-threatening complications i.e. bleeding esophageal (EVs) and gastric varices, ascites, sepsis and renal failure. Blood tests and imaging may detect cirrhosis, but do not predict clinical outcomes. HVPG โฅ 10 mm Hg, (termed Clinically Significant Portal hypertension, CSPH), predicts many of the outcomes of cirrhosis and therapy of PHTN, but it is invasive and inconvenient for serial use. 13 C-Methacetin Breath Testing (MBT) assesses well the derangement of liver metabolism in cirrhosis, and therefore might correlate with the severity of PHTN. Aim: To compare results of MBT and HVPGs in patients with biopsy-proven cirrhosis. Methods: Results of MBT, HVPG, and clinical variables (demographics, causes and complications of cirrhosis, blood tests, and imaging) were recorded from 13 men and 8 women who underwent transjugular liver biopsy and hepatic venous pressure measurement. Correlation was sought between MBT results and HVPG. Results: Mean age was 58 years ยฑ 9.3 SD; all 21 subjects were Caucasian and had cirrhosis. Mean BMI was 33 ยฑ 6.4, and 33% were obese. Cirrhosis was caused by Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (7), Hepatitis C (6), Alcoholic Liver Disease (4), Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (2), Autoimmune Hepatitis (1) or was Cryptogenic (1).
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HLA matching with liver transplantation outcome suggest NK role via HLA-Cw* alloantigens
โซ | ืืงืจ ืืืืโฌupdateโซืืจืคืืืโฌ
2012 โซืืจืฅโฌ
โซืชืงืฆืืจื ืืื ืก ืืฉื ืชืโฌ
โซืืจืคืืืโฌupdate | โซืืงืจ ืืืืโฌ
Of the 12 subjects with EVs (1 of whom had bled), 8 were treated with non-selective ฮฒ-blockers; 7 subjects had ascites treated with diuretics,but only 1 had encephalopathy. Mean Child-TurcottePugh and MELD scores were 7ยฑ 2.2 and 10 ยฑ6.6, respectively. MBT correlated well with HVPG (r=0.75, AUC = 0.8 for CSPH), irrespective of varices, ascites or ฮฒ-blocker and/or diuretic use. Conclusions: MBT, which correlates well with HVPG in subjects with compensated or mildly decompensated cirrhosis and detects CSPH, may be a valuable noninvasive surrogate for assessment of PHTN and a useful aid in ฮฒ-blocker doseregulation.
Sortilin, a new player in hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis Einav Hubel, Isabel Zvibel, Zamir Halpern, Rafael Bruck The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
Background/Aims: Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were identified as the major collagen-producing cells in the injured liver. Following liver injury of any etiology, HSCs become activated, transitioning from quiescent cells into proliferative, fibrogenic and contractile myofibroblasts. The neurotrophin receptor p75NTR was shown to be crucial for HSC activation and development of liver fibrosis. In the present study, we investigated whether its co-receptor sortilin is also necessary for HSC activation. Methods: A bile duct ligation (BDL) model was used to evaluate fibrosis in wild type (WT) and sortilin-/- mice. The severity of the fibrosis was assessed by Sirius Red staining. Fibrogenic activity and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression were evaluated by qRT-PCR and Western blots. Primary HSC from WT and sortilin-/- mice were isolated, cultured for 14 days and treated with NGF and proNGF in order to determine apoptosis, proliferation, fibrogenic and pro-inflammatory cytokine genes. Results: Sirius Red staining in the BDL model showed significantly decreased fibrosis in sortilin-/- mice. In accordance with the Sirius Red results, expression of ฮฑ-smooth muscle actin, collagen I and TIMP-1 mRNA was significantly lower in sortilin-/- mice. Paradoxically, liver injury and inflammation, as determined by AST, ALT, TNFฮฑ and IL-6 mRNA, were higher in sortilin-/- mice. In vitro treatment revealed that proNGF induced SDF1, an activation marker, in HSC from WT, but not from sortilin -/- mice. Conclusions: Reduced fibrosis in sortilin -/- mice in a BDL model may be due either to reduced HSC activation or to increased HSC sensitivity to bile acidโinduced apoptosis.
Sortilin, a new player in hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis Einav Hubel, Isabel Zvibel, Zamir Halpern, Rafael Bruck The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
Background/Aims: Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were identified
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as the major collagen-producing cells in the injured liver. Following liver injury of any etiology, HSCs become activated, transitioning from quiescent cells into proliferative, fibrogenic and contractile myofibroblasts. The neurotrophin receptor p75NTR was shown to be crucial for HSC activation and development of liver fibrosis. In the present study, we investigated whether its co-receptor sortilin is also necessary for HSC activation. Methods: A bile duct ligation (BDL) model was used to evaluate fibrosis in wild type (WT) and sortilin-/- mice. The severity of the fibrosis was assessed by Sirius Red staining. Fibrogenic activity and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression were evaluated by qRT-PCR and Western blots. Primary HSC from WT and sortilin-/- mice were isolated, cultured for 14 days and treated with NGF and proNGF in order to determine apoptosis, proliferation, fibrogenic and pro-inflammatory cytokine genes. Results: Sirius Red staining in the BDL model showed significantly decreased fibrosis in sortilin-/- mice. In accordance with the Sirius Red results, expression of ฮฑ-smooth muscle actin, collagen I and TIMP-1 mRNA was significantly lower in sortilin-/- mice. Paradoxically, liver injury and inflammation, as determined by AST, ALT, TNFฮฑ and IL-6 mRNA, were higher in sortilin-/- mice. In vitro treatment revealed that proNGF induced SDF1, an activation marker, in HSC from WT, but not from sortilin -/- mice. Conclusions: Reduced fibrosis in sortilin -/- mice in a BDL model may be due either to reduced HSC activation or to increased HSC sensitivity to bile acidโinduced apoptosis.
HBV induces its own coactivator PGC-1a via cellular oxidative stress Iddo Bar-Yishay, Maya Mouler Rechtman, Zamir Halpern and Amir Shlomai The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a prevalent hepatic infection and is a major cause of hepatic cirrhosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV is coactivated by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-ฮณ Coactivator 1a (PGC-1a), a central regulator of hepatic gluconeogenesis and energy homeostasis that is differentially expressed in response to metabolic cues. However, it is not clear whether and how the virus controls the expression of its own coactivator to enable its propagation. Here we show that PGC-1ฮฑ is robustly induced in the presence of HBV. PGC-1ฮฑ up-regulation is HBV dependant since Lamivudine treatment or alternatively HBV knockdown result in abrogation of PGC-1ฮฑ induction. Mechanistically, HBV expression results in a significant increase in Cytochrome C Oxidase activity, a central enzyme in the oxidative phosphorylation chain (OXPHOS), resulting in increased production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which are known inducers of PGC-1ฮฑ. Furthermore, treating HBV expressing cells with the antioxidant N-AcetylCysteine (NAC) results in abrogation of PGC-
2012 โซืืจืฅโฌ
The Role of the Unfolded Protein Response in Hepatic Carcinogenesis Scaiewicz V1, Nahmias A1, Barda L1, Parchack E1, B. Tirosh2, O.Shibolet3 1Liver Unit, Division of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, 2Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel .3Liver Unit, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
Background: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is responsible for protein folding and modification. ER stress occurs when the amount of protein entering into the ER exceeds its folding capacity, inducing a cyto-protective reaction collectively termed the unfolded protein response (UPR). Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. ER stress has been suggested to play a potential role in hepatic pathology and chronic inflammation. However, its role in HCC has not been addressed. Aim: We hypothesized that ER Stress is activated during hepatic carcinogenesis, and may play an important role in cancer initiation and/or progression. Methods: We used quantitative PCR analysis and western blotting on total RNA and protein respectively, isolated from liver tumors and parenchyma of DEN, a chemically induced, HCC mouse model. Immunohistochemistry staining for UPR proteins was performed on human tumor tissue collected from the Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center tissue bank. The research was approved by the institutional review board. Results: we observed a 3-fold increase in the spliced form of XBP1 mRNA and a 6-fold increase of CHOP mRNA in tumors, when compared to un-involved parenchyma. Downstream UPR target genes including ERDJ4 and p58ipk showed only a mild elevation, which may suggest a partial or aborted activation of the UPR. Immunohistochemistry staining results showed that XBP1 and CHOP were localized to the nucleus of cancerous cells. Sections from human lung, colon and hepatocellular carcinomas were also analyzed by Immunohistochemistry staining. Results showed that in all analyzed samples, CHOP was located in the nucleus of tumor cells, indicating activation. However, despite the known pro-apoptotic role of CHOP, we found no activation of apoptosis as assessed by activated caspase-3 staining. ATF6 was also localized to the nucleus of cancerous cells, while no nuclear staining was observed in un-involved parenchyma. Conclusions: We found that UPR is partially activated in tumor tissue from chemically induced HCC mouse model and human carcinomas, but not in un-involved parenchyma. The physiologic role of this activation is currently unclear. Activation of UPR proteins in HCC may mark this pathway as a possible target for therapeutic intervention.
NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) INDEPENDENTLY PREDICTS TYPE-2 DIABETES AND PRE-DIABETES DURING A SEVEN-YEAR PROSPECTIVE FOLLOW-UP
โซืชืงืฆืืจื ืืื ืก ืืฉื ืชืโฌ
1ฮฑ induction. We conclude that HBV induces its own coactivator PGC-1ฮฑ, thus creating a positive feedback loop, possibly mediated by cellular oxidative stress.
โซ | ืืงืจ ืืืืโฌupdateโซืืจืคืืืโฌ
Shira Zelber-Sagi1,2, Roni Lotan*1,3, Oren Shibolet1,3, Muriel Webb1, Assaf Buch1,3, Zamir Halpern1,3, Erwin Santo1,3, Ran Oren1,3 1Dept. Gastroenterology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel 2School of Public Health, Haifa University, Haifa, Israel 3The Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel-Aviv University, Israel *Equal contribution to the first author
Background and Aims: NAFLD is suspected to confer an increased risk for type-2 diabetes (DM), but only few prospective studies have been performed. The aim was to evaluate the independent role of NAFLD in predicting the development of pre-DM. Methods: a prospective cohort of a sub-sample of the Israeli National Health Survey evaluated at baseline and after 7-years by identical protocols. Metabolic parameters and ultrasonographic evidence of NAFLD were evaluated in 213 subjects, with no known liver disease or history of alcohol abuse. Exclusion criteria were DM or pre-DM at the baseline survey. The definition of preDM was: fasting glucose >100 mg/dl and/or A1C >5.7. Steatosis was quantified by ultrasound with the hepatorenal ultrasound index (HRI), representing the ratio between the mean brightness level of the liver and the right kidney. Results: The study included 141 volunteers (mean age 48.8ยฑ9.7, 50.4% male, 24.8% baseline NAFLD). Subjects with incident preDM had higher baseline prevalence rates of NAFLD as compared to controls (33.8% vs. 14.1%, P=0.007) and higher levels of baseline HRI (1.3ยฑ0.4 vs. 1.1ยฑ0.3, P=0.001). Baseline NAFLD (OR=3.6, 1.39.6 95%CI) or HRI (OR=4.7, 1.3-17.5 95%CI) were independent predictors for incident pre-DM in a multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, gender, BMI, abdominal obesity and a family history of type-2 DM. Furthermore, adjustment for physical activity, dietary intake of fat, carbohydrates, different types of fat and fiber did not weaken the association. Conclusion: NAFLD patients should be classified as a population at risk and closely monitored for the development of DM.
Chronic HBV Infection In Israel Eli Zuckerman, Hedy S. Rennert, Shalev Zuckerman, Gad Rennert Liver Unit and Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology Carmel Medical Center and CHS National Cancer Center, Haifa, Israel
Epidemiological data of hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) in Israel is limited as large population-based studies have not performed so far. The aim of this study was to collect epidemiological, comorbidities and natural history data of HBV infection in the largest population-based study ever performed in Israel. Methods: Data were obtained from the computerized records and database of Clalit Health Services (CHS) (established in the year 2000). The database contains information regarding
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โซืืจืคืืืโฌupdate | โซืืงืจ ืืืืโฌ
demographic parameters, laboratory tests and pharmacy records, hospitalization and primary care physician records and deathrelated data. Results: Through 1.2002-10.2010, 870,124- out of 3,970,563 (21.9%) CHS ensured individuals were tested for HBV. 15,258 individuals (1.75%) were identified as positive for HBsAg (0.38% of CHS ensured individuals). HBV infection was more common in males (60% vs. 40%), in the Arab population (2.76% vs. 1.49 in non- Arabs) whereas the most prevalent age groups were 40-59 year-old. The prevalence of positive HBsAg among young individuals (age< 18) was 1.76% but only 5.2% were tested, while among adults > 20% were tested for HBsAg. We were able to map areas with high prevalence of HBV infection (โฅ5%), among these were many rural Arabic villages. The prevalence of HBsAgpositivity was different according to the country of origin: higher (3->5%) among subjects born in North Africa and in the republics of Central ( former USSR) and among refugees from Africa whereas among Israel-born individuals it was 1.3%. Of 282,596 individuals who were tested for HBcAb, 16.1% were positive for HBcAb-only. Data regarding HBsAb status, co-morbidities and natural history are still being analyzed Conclusions: This is the first and the largest epidemiological study on HBV infection ever performed in Israel. Data regarding epidemiology, co-morbidities, treatment and natural history are provided and may help identifying high-risk populations .
Hepatitis B surface antibody disappearance in pediatric liver transplanted patients Yael Mozer-Glassberg1, Raanan Shamir1,2, Eitan Mor2,3, Ran Steinberg2,4, Ari Silbermintz1, Rachel Bergerin1, Rivka Shapiro1,2 1Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, 2Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv-University, Tel Aviv, 3Department of Transplantation, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva,4Organ Transplant Unit, Schneider Childrenโs Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most common etiologies for liver disease worlwide. Chronic HBV frequently progress to cirrhosis and liver failure with or without hepatocellular carcinoma. Universal vaccination against hepatitis B was implemented in Israel in 1992, with vaccination compliance of 95% of the population. Prior works showed that up to 10 % of vaccine recipients fail to respond with adequate anti-hepatitis B surface antibodies (anti-HBs) levels after a primary series of vaccinations. In addition, anti-HBs levels are expected to decline with time. This has important implications for populations under immunosuppressive treatment. AIMS: To determine HBV immunity in pediatric liver transplant patients and to observe HBsAb status under immunosuppressive therapy. Methods: A retrospective electronic chart review of pediatric liver transplanted patients, who were followed up at the liver-intestinal
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2012 โซืืจืฅโฌ
transplantation unit at the Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel (SCMCI) between 01/1995-12/2011. Charts were reviewed for HBV serology and immunization status. Immunization for HBV (HBsAb positivity) was defined by HBsAb titer > 10mIU/ml. Results: Overall, we retrieved 100 liver transplanted pediatric patientsโ records. Prior to Transplantation data regarding HBV immunity was available for 41 patients (41%), all of them were negative for HBsAg or HBcAb. Out of these, only 28 patients (68.3%) were HBsAb positive. During follow up, eleven patients (39.3%) lost their protective antibodies. Median time for antibodies disappearance was 51 months (range: 15-114months). Only 8/28patients (28.5%) kept their immunity during the follow up period. Conclusions: Our data suggest that loss of HBV immunity during follow up of pediatric liver transplantation patients is common. Whether this loss of response differs from the general population needs to be determined. Regardless of the cause, major attempt should be made to asses HBV immunity status prior to transplantation and during follow up
The effect of Parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHrP) on liver fibrosis Shirley Abramovitch, Efrat Sharvit, Amir Ben Tov, Yosef Weisman, Shimon Reif Pediatric gastroenterology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center
Background: Parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHrP), is widely expressed in normal and malignant tissue. It may act as paracrine or autocrine factor. PTHrP shares the same N-terminal end as parathyroid hormone and therefore it can bind to the same receptor, the Type I PTH receptor (PTHR1). PTHrP was found to be involved in pro-inflammation process, cytokines release, induced expression and activation of fibrotic mediators and increase expression of fibrotic markers in lung and renal tissues. Yet, little is known about the effect of PTHrP on liver fibrosis. Aims: To examine whether PTHrP and its receptor are expressed in Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), to investigate their effects on HSCs proliferation and to assess the effect of PTHrP on fibrotic markers. Methods: The experiments were performed on primary HSCs isolated from ratโs livers. The presence of PTHrP and PTH receptor were examined by real-time PCR. The effect of PTHrP on HSCs proliferation was measured using BrdU kit and fibrotic markers were assessed by real-time PCR. Results: PTHrP and its receptor were found to be expressed on activated primary HSCs. HSCs treated with PDGF and TGF-ฮฒ1 up-regulated PTHrP mRNA expression by ~6 folds, and TGF-ฮฒ1 also up-regulated PTH-1 receptor mRNA expression by ~3.5 folds. PTHrP had no effect on HSCs proliferation, but it increased collagen Iฮฑ1 mRNA expression in a dose dependent manner.
2012 โซืืจืฅโฌ
MICROCAPSULES MADE OF BIOSYNTHETIC HYDROGEL SCAFFOLDS FOR INTRAVASCULAR LIVER TISSUE REGENERATION THERAPY O. Nayshool3, J. Carmel1, T. Saadi1, A. Arish2, Z. Bramnik2, I. Mironi-Harpaz4, D. Seliktar4, Y. Baruch1,3 1Liver Unit, 2Department of Surgery B, Rambam - Health Care Campus, 3Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, 4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technoin- Israel Institute of Technogolgy, Haifa, Israel.
Introduction: The liver is the natural microenvironment for hepatocytes transplantation but unfortunately engraftment efficiency is low. We have developed hydrogel scaffolds that can be used for intra-hepatic or intravascular injection. They are made of fibrinogen crosslinked with polyethylene glycol (PEG-Fib) - diacrylates side chains, that form a hydrogel when mixed with cells and exposed to UV light. The hydrogel scaffolds may reduce shear stress and immediate immunological pressure after intravascular injection and thus may improve engraftment. Aims: Assessment of intraportal transplantation of PEG-Fib microcapsules with HuH7 cells and adult hepatocytes. Methods: Development of the model of intravascular transplantation of encapsulated cells. Assessment of encapsulated cell viability (PI/FDA). Comparing engraftment efficiency of encapsulated and non-encapsulated cells in rat model in-vivo using semiquantitative PCR (human 16q23.1) or real time qPCR (rat SRY-gene) and histology. Results: HuH-7 cell-polymer constructs were transplanted to the liver, spleen and sub cutis allowing cells to proliferate for two weeks. The viability of cells immediately after preparation of microcapsules was 70%. Microcapsules cell constructs at a size of 200-700 mm comprising HuH-7 or adult hepatocytes have been successfully injected into portal vein and transplanted cells were shown at 24h, 72h and 168h after procedure by histology and PCR. When adult hepatocytes viability was compared with and without the polymer we found early loss of cells but very good long term survival. Conclusions: The cells within the constructs after intraportal transplantation were viable for a week. This is an important method for the development of intravascular liver tissue engineering.
The pro-fibrotic effects of pregnancy in a hepatic fibrosis mice model Johnny Amer, Rami Grifat, Lina Abu-Tair, Sarit Doron, Rufayda Mruwat, Carmel Kasher, Areej El-Khatib, Rifaat Safadi Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem
Background: Immune-cells interact with hepatic-stellate-cells (HSCs) in the development of liver fibrosis. Little is known about
the influence of pregnancy on development of hepatic-fibrosis. Aim: To explore the influence of pregnancy on progression of hepatic fibrosis. Methods: Four-groups of female-mice (C57Blc) were used (N=46). Pregnant were compared to non-pregnant groups in naive vs. fibrotic states. Hepatic-fibrosis was induced by 4-injections of peritoneal carbon-tetrachloride-(CCl4) within 10 days, starting at day 10 of documented-pregnancy. At end of experiment, serum samples were obtained for ALT determination. Harvested livers were evaluated for liver injury through histology, tissue protein and mRNA extracts (for western blot and RT-PCR analysis of aSMA expressions). Isolated intra-hepatic lymphocytes were assessed by flow-cytometry. Isolated lymphocytes and serum samples; collected form all groups; were in vitro co-cultured for 48 hours with primary isolated naรฏve HSCs. Washed cells were trypsinized, harvested, stained and analyzed by flow cytometry for phagocytosis (anti-ฮฑSMA+/anti-CD45+) and proliferations (CSFE). Results: CCl4-model for liver injury was well tolerated when induced in pregnancy similar to non-pregnant state. Hepaticfibrosis (Masson-Trichrom-stain & ฮฑSMA- expressions) and necro-inflammation (H&E stain & serum-ALT levels) significantly increased in pregnancy. Increased liver-injury was accompanied with pro-fibrotic lymphocyte profile; CD8-subsets increased and NK-cells decreased. HSCs activation significantly increased when in-vitro cultured with lymphocytes from pregnant as compared to non-pregnant fibrotic donors. Pro-fibrotic profile was also explained by decreased NK-activity (CD107a marker) and of their phagocytosis. Moreover, serum samples from fibrotic-pregnant mice induced higher HSCs proliferations. Conclusions: Liver-fibrosis was severe in pregnant-model; via pro-fibrotic lymphocyte and serum alterations.
REMOVAL OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS-INFECTED CELLS BY A ZYMOGENIZED BACTERIAL TOXIN Assaf Shapira1,2, Shiran Shapira3,4, Meital Gal-Tanamy2, Romy Zemel2, Itai Benhar1, Ran Tur-Kaspa2,5 1Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel 2Molecular Hepatology Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel 3The Integrated Cancer Prevention Center, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel 4Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel 5Department of Medicine D and Liver Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tikva, Israel.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment is associated with adverse side effects. Moreover, there is no preventive therapy for recurrent HCV post liver transplantation. Here, we present a proof of concept for potential new anti-viral agents that will specifically eradicate virally infected cells, thus limiting virus production and spread. Our system is based on the E. coli chromosomal MazEF toxin-antitoxin system, which is composed of two active protein components: the long lived MazF toxin (ribonuclease) and the labile MazE antitoxin. We designed
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โซืชืงืฆืืจื ืืื ืก ืืฉื ืชืโฌ
Conclusions: PTHrP showed profibrotic effect, therefore inhibition of PTHrP maybe a potential target for amelioration of liver fibrosis.
โซ | ืืงืจ ืืืืโฌupdateโซืืจืคืืืโฌ
2012 โซืืจืฅโฌ
โซืชืงืฆืืจื ืืื ืก ืืฉื ืชืโฌ
โซืืจืคืืืโฌupdate | โซืืงืจ ืืืืโฌ
an HCV NS3 protease-activatable recombinant toxin which we named โzymoxinsโ by constructing an expression cassette that encodes for a single polypeptide that incorporates both the toxin (MazF ribonuclease) and a fragment of its potent natural antidote, MazE, linked via an NS3-cleavable linker. The MazFbased zymoxin, that is introduced to target cells by means of adenovirus mediated gene delivery, shows almost no toxicity to naive cells and high responsiveness to even low HCV protease level. It eradicates NS3-protease expressing cells and HCV (full virus) infected cells with remarkable efficiency and specificity. Moreover, treatment with MazF-based zymoxin showed a โcuring effectโ upon partially infected culture, considerably eradicating the HCV infected cells while preserving the general population of cells, suggesting it as a potential new means of fighting HCV infection. Moreover, Zymoxins seem to be especially favorable for prevention and treatment of recurrent HCV post liver transplantation. Zymoxins represent a potential new means of fighting viral diseases and a valuable tool for eradication of cells infected by intracellular pathogens expressing intracellular proteases.
HCV treatment results in liver transplant recipients, single center experience Liat Mlynarsky1, Adam Phillips A1, Paulina Katz2, Menahem Ben-Chaim2, Michal Carmiel-Haggai3, Oren Shibolet1, Helena Katchman1 1Liver Unit, Department of Gastroenterology. 2Organ Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery; Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv. 3The Western Galilee Hospital, Naharia
Background: Hepatitis C (HCV) is the most common indication for liver transplantation (OLT) in the western world and recurrence of HCV after transplantation is almost universal. Treatment of HCV following transplantation represents a special challenge. Methods: We conducted a retrospective case-control study of HCV transplanted patients in our center from1992-2010. Data included: HCV treatment before and after transplantation, complications and deaths. Results: Eighty-two HCV patients underwent transplantation. Twenty-two were excluded: second transplantation (2), liverkidney transplantation (3), HIV co-infection (2), early posttransplantation death (within 3 months) (6). Nine patients were lost for follow up and were also excluded. 50/60 of the remaining patients had documented HCV recurrence. Anti-viral treatment was started in 35 patients. Five patients are still being treated or SVR results are still pending. Treatment was prematurely stopped in 10 patients (lack of response (2), adverse events (8). SVR was achieved in 33% (10/30 patients), while in patients that received a full course of treatment SVR rates reached 45% (9/20 patients). SVR markedly improved post-OLT survival (100% vs. 81% 5-years survival in patients with/without SVR respectively). Patients that failed therapy had short-term survival similar to untreated patients (81% vs. 80% 5-years survival respectively),
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but some long-term survival benefit was observed (74% vs. 59% 10-years respectively). We observed higher SVR rates in naรฏve vs. treatment-experienced patients. Conclusion: SVR rates in HCV transplanted patients were 33%, comparable with world experience. SVR conferred a marked survival benefit. Predictors of SVR in transplanted patients should be further evaluated.
Combination of Vitamin D with Sitaglibtin/Metformin improve liver fat and Triglyceride content in mice with Fatty Liver Disease Vintfield Y, Krichevsky L, Svzalb S, Grosovski M,Bar Guy N and Assy N Liver Unit, Pathology department. Ziv Medical Center. Biotechnology, Ort Braude College. Faculty of Medicine, Bar-ilan university, Safed, Galilee, Israel
Background: Currently there is no established treatment for fatty liver disease. Vitamin D and Sitaglibtin/Metformin have shown anti inflammatory and anti oxidative effects. Aim: Evaluate the effects of Vitamin D with Sitaglibtin/Metformin on the hepatic fat, lipogenesis, inflammation, oxidation parameters in mice with NAFLD. Methods: A total of 33 mice were randomly divided into five groups. The mice in the control group were on chow diet (n = 10, gr 1), mice with NAFLD (n = 7, gr 2), mice with vitamin D (4000IU/ kg, n=6, gr 3), mice with (Sitaglibtin/Metformin, 200 mg/Kg, n=5, gr 4), and mice with combination of vitamin D and Sitaglibtin/ Metformin ((n = 5, gr 5).Liver sections were examined for fat content, lipogenesis, inflammation, and oxidation. Results: Liver fat decreased to 50% with Vitamin D, 18% with Sitaglibtin/Metformin, and to (9%) with combination group, as compared to controls (70%, P<0.001). The increase in hepatic TG levels (mg/gr liver) was blunted by 60% with vitamin D (2.5 ยฑ 1.7), 54% with Sitaglibtin/Metformin (2.04ยฑ 0.4, P < 0.001), and -2.5% with combination group (4.47ยฑ 1.4) as compared with the controls (4.36ยฑ 4.0, P < 0.001). Hepatic MDA (mmole/L) decreased by 17% with vitamin D (42.2 ยฑ 25), 33% with Sitaglibtin/ Metformin (34.2ยฑ 8.8) and 41% with combination group (29.7ยฑ 4.3) as compared to controls (50.5 ยฑ 50.0, P<0.001). Hepatic MTP, and PPAR-a proteins were unregulated while paraoxonase and TNF-a decreased significantly in all treatment groups, mostly with combination group (P<0.001). Hepatic cholesterol remained unchanged. Conclusion: Combination of vitamin D and Sitaglibtin/Metformin improved hepatic steatosis
The effects of hepatic iron overload or deficiency in thioacetamide induced acute liver injury Zvi Ackerman1, Orit Pappo2, Gabriela Link 3, Kravitz Maya1 and Maria Grozovski4
2012 โซืืจืฅโฌ
Metabolism, Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel and 4Biotechnology Department, Ort Braude College of Engineering, Karmiel, Israel
Background/Aim: Increase in hepatic iron concentration (HIC) may augment the severity and progression while reduction of HIC may attenuate a variety of chronic, non-hemochromatotic liver disorders. It is not known whether manipulations in the HIC may exacerbate or attenuate acute liver injury (ALI) from various toxins, like thioacetamide (TAA). Methods: Rats were randomly divided into 6 subgroups: 2 control with "normal" hepatic iron concentration (HIC), 2 that were subjected to parenterally iron overload (PIIO), 1 that was subjected to orally induced iron overload (OIIO), 1 that received repeated phlebotomies. Four groups (one group from each category) were also subjected to TAA toxicity. Results: TAA administration to control rats induced severe hepatic cell necrosis and apoptosis associated with a tremendous increase in serum aminotransaminases and depletion of hepatic glutathione and anti-oxidative parameters. OIIO and PIIO increased HIC by 370% and 2041% respectively. OIIO and PIIO induced hepatocellular (parenchymal) and reticuloendothelial iron overload respectively. Compared to the control group with "normal" HIC, TAA administration induced an exacerbated ALI in the OIIO rats but an ALI of a similar magnitude, in the PIIO rats. TAA administration to the phlebotomized rats caused an elevation in serum aminotransaminases that was of similar magnitude to the control group, but with less hepatic inflammatory infiltrate, higher hepatic glutathione content and a better hepatic antioxidative enzyme profile. Conclusions: Hepatocellular iron overload, but not reticuloendothelial iron overload exacerbates TAA induced ALI. Phlebotomy may improve the hepatic anti-oxidative milieu and thus may mildly attenuate TAA induced ALI.
Laparoscopic Hepatectomy - Pushing the Boundaries of Laparoscopic Surgery Ido Nachmany, Yaakov Goichman, Joseph M Klausner, Menahem Ben-Haim Affiliation - Department of Surgery; Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University.
Background: laparoscopic surgery has rapidly become the preferable mode of operation for many common pathologies. However, hepatectomy is still rarely performed by this method because of its complexity, lack of surgeon training in both liver and minimally invasive surgery and concern of major bleeding. In recent years instrumental advances and improved surgical techniques have made laparoscopic hepatectomy possible in selected patients. Aim: to report our early experience with laparoscopic hepatectomy in a single tertiary transplant/HPB center. Methods: we retrospectively analyzed data on all patients that underwent laparoscopic hepatectomy in 2011. Data included
demographics, indications for surgery, surgical details and postop follow-up. Results: Sixteen patients underwent laparoscopic liver resection. There were 12 female (75%) and 4 male (25%). Mean age was 49.3 (range 22-74). Indications were colorectal metastases in 6 patients, giant hemangioma in 4, HCC in 2, adenoma in one, giant cyst in 2 and FNH in one. Two patients had underlying cirrhosis. Mean length of surgery was 202 minutes (range 58-316), and the mean blood loss was 271 ml. In 1 case we converted to open resection, due to poor progress. One patient required blood transfusion during surgery (1 unit). Mean postop length of hospital stay was 4.6 days (range 1-9). Two patients experienced post-op bleeding, and one required per-cutaneous drainage. There were no liver-related or systemic complications. All patients achieved R0 resection. Patients were followed for 6.8 months (range 1-11). We did not observe delayed complications in any of them. Conclusions: We report our first 15 laparoscopic hepatectomies for malignant and non-malignant indications. Outcome was excellent and we did not observe any long term complications. The data suggest that laparoscopic hepatectomy is safe and effective in selected patients.
The role of Essential Fatty Acids (EFA) and r6 Desaturase and SCD-1 in intrauterine and early developmental programming of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in adult rodents Kenneth Hollander1, Catherine Tempel-Brami3, Alicia Leikin Frenkel1, Menahem Feinaru1, Fred M Konikoff1,2 1Research Laboratory for Gallstones and Liver Lipid Metabolism, Tel Aviv University, 2Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Meir Medical center, Kfar saba, Israel, and 3MRI unit, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
Background: Fetal nutrient supply, including fatty acids, can induce lasting consequences that may influence susceptibility to adult NAFLD. Objective: To evaluate dietary fatty acids quality in pregnancy and lactation on developmental origins of NAFLD in adult offspring. Procedure: During pregnancy and lactation, C57Bl6/J mice were fed isocaloric diets containing 6% fat: control (C, soybean), saturated (SFA, coconut), n-3 (flaxseed) or n-6 (safflower). Adult offspring were challenged with a high fat diet (HFD, 60% lard) to induce NAFLD. Results: All comparisons are vs C: HOMA index was 10% higher in SFA; n-3 and n-6 were 65% and 35% lower. Body fat in n-3 was 50% lower. Liver lipids in n-3 and n-6 were 20 % and 40% lower whereas SFA was 36% higher. In combined genders liver/body weight ratio was lower for n-3 in C diets but paradoxically lower for SFA in separate and combined genders following HFD. ฮ6 and ฮ9 desaturase activities in liver and epididymal fat increased for n-3 and decreased for SFA. Liver ฮ6 desaturase mRNA
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โซืชืงืฆืืจื ืืื ืก ืืฉื ืชืโฌ
1Departments of Medicine, Mount Scopus Campus and 2Pathology, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, 3Department of Human Nutrition and
โซ | ืืงืจ ืืืืโฌupdateโซืืจืคืืืโฌ
2012 โซืืจืฅโฌ
โซืชืงืฆืืจื ืืื ืก ืืฉื ืชืโฌ
โซืืจืคืืืโฌupdate | โซืืงืจ ืืืืโฌ
expression for EFA decreased while SFA was increased 1.6-fold in C diet. Liver ฮ9 desaturase mRNA expression was decreased in C for SFA but significantly elevated in HFD. In hepatocytes, 64% of phosphatidylcholine species were altered between C and HFD; mainly due to SFA. Conclusion: Maternal saturated fatty acids favor, whereas unsaturated prevent NAFLD in adult offspring. Silencing of ฮ6 and ฮ9 desaturase gene expression in C diets may suggest a role of epigenetic DNA methylation.
Low Vitamin D levels in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease associate with Insulin resistance and Liver Injury progression via immune NK mechanism Mahamid Mahmud1,2, Ibrahim Abdullah1, Rami Ghantous1 , Johnny Amer3, Sarit Doron3 and Rifaat Safadi1,3 1The Liver Unit, Holy Family Hospital, Nazareth. 2Digestive Diseases Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem. 3Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem
We identified predictive factors for Nonalcoholic-Fatty-LiverDisease (NAFLD) outcome from liver biopsy reports 2000-2011 in Holy-Family-Hospital-Nazareth. We included histological NAFLD>18-years, without metabolic-syndrome or other liver etiologies. Age, gender, BMI, histology (%steatosis, necroinflammatory activity, fibrosis-scoring), serum vitamin-D levels, ALT, AST, serum-fasting-insulin levels, HbA1c, HOMAIR score, TG, HDL, LDL and CRP were evaluated. In-vitro, lymphocytes obtained from low/normal vitamin-D donors were analyzed for NK-activity (CD107a)/ phagocytosis with humanhepatic-stellate-cell-line (HSCs-LX2). Our results showed 72-cases fulfill inclusion/exclusion criteria, 44-males, mean age at biopsy 39.4ยฑ10.6y, BMI 29ยฑ2.8. None had cirrhosis as scores were โคF3 and โคA3. Normal serum-vitamin-D found in 15 (21%, 9 men), insufficient in 21 (29.1%, 14) and deficient levels in 36-cases (49.9%, 21). Lower serum-vitamin-D significantly correlated with decreased hepatic-fat-content but increased liver-injury (CRP, fibrosis-scoring & necro-inflammatoryactivity), insulin-resistance (serum insulin levels, HbA1c & HOMA-IR score) and CRP. CRP-levels had a significant positive correlation with LDL, CRP, HBA1C, insulin and HOMA-score. BMI had a significant positive correlation with AST, insulin and steatosis. Compared to normal vitamin-D levels with mild liver injury (A1/F1), lymphocytes from low vitamin-D donors increased the in-vitro activation of HSCs. In additions, NK-cells from low vitamin-D donors showed low count while increased activity accompanied with decreased phagocytosis suggesting impairment in their killing effects. Low vitamin-D serum levels predict severe insulin-resistant and liver-injury but decreased hepatic-content. Immunological explanations are suggested as a mechanism via immune-mechanism of NK-impairment.
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Oral administration of DT56a exerts a hepatoprotective effect and alleviates insulin resistance and fatty liver disease Yehudit Shabat, Yoav Lichtenstein, Lydia Zolotarov, Ami Ben Ya'acov, Yaron Ilan
Background: Imbalance of the immune system which leads to chronic inflammation is associated with insulin resistance and development of fatty liver disease. DT56a is an enzymatic isolate of soybeans that is used for the treatment of menopausal symptoms and osteoporosis and was suggested to exert an immune modulatory effect Aim: To determine the immune-modulatory and the hepatoprotective effects of oral administration of DT56a in animal models of immune mediated liver injury. Methods: DT56a was orally administered to mice with immunemediated (ConcavalinA) hepatitis, leptin deficiency or high-fat diet models of NASH. The effects of DT56a on liver damage, insulin resistance and the distribution of regulatory T cells were assessed. Results: Oral administration of DT56a suppressed the immunemediated liver damage induced by Concanavalin A, as indicated by decreased serum ALT, AST, IFNฮณ and TNFa levels (p<0.03). To determine the potential role of DT56a in NASH we have studied its effect in two models. In ob/ob mice, treatment with DT56a led to a significant reduction in liver enzymes, serum cholesterol and triglycerides levels (p<0.05) and to improvement in glucose tolerance test (p<0.005). These effects were accompanied by a significant increase in regulatory T cells. HFD mice treated with DT56a displayed improved insulin resistance and glucose tolerance test. These effects were associated with a significant decrease in several subsets of T regulatory cells (p<0.007) and an increase of NKT cells (p<0.03). Conclusions: Oral administration of DT56a exerts a hepatoprotective effect and alleviation of insulin resistance and NASH via the alteration of the distribution of regulatory T cells.
Effects of Aramchol on liver fat content and metabolic parameters in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): Results of a Phase-II randomized clinical trial R. Safadi, FM. Konikoff, T. Gilat and the Aramchol's Israeli Research Group*
Background and aims: Aramchol is a novel compound designed to reduce liver fat by inhibiting Stearoyl-CoA desaturase1 (SCD1). Our aim was to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics and effects of two doses of Aramchol (300 and 100 mg) versus placebo in patients with NAFLD. Methods: This double blind, randomized, placebo controlled, phase-II trial included patients with histologically proven NAFLD
2012 โซืืจืฅโฌ
*Aramchol's Israeli Research Group: Dr. Rifaat Safadi, Hadassah University Hospital Ein Kerem and Holy Family Hospital, Nazareth; Prof Fred M Konikoff, Meir MC.; Prof. Tuvia Gilat, GalMed Medical Research; Dr. Itzchak Angel, GalMed Medical Research; Dr. Ziva Rosenthal-Galili, GalMed Medical Research; Prof. Eli Zuckerman, The Lady Davis Carmel MC; Dr. Sif Abo Mouch, Hillel Yafe MC; Prof. Alexander Fich, Soroka University MC; Dr. Assaf Issachar, Belinson Rabin MC; Prof. Emanuel Sikuler, Soroka University MC; Dr. Nimr Assy, Ziv MC; Prof. Yakov Baruch, Rambam MC; Dr. Alice Hershkovitz, Meir MC; Dr. Yoav Lurie, The Tel Aviv Sourasky MC; Dr. Mahmud Mahamid, Holy Family Hospital, Nazareth, Prof. Moshe Graif, Tel Aviv Sourasky MC; Prof. Naftali Stern, Tel Aviv Sourasky MC; Dr. Annat Blank, The Tel Aviv Sourasky MC ; Dr. Dafna Ben Ba'ashat, Tel Aviv Sourasky MC; Dr. Shira Zelber-Sagi, Tel Aviv Sourasky MC; Prof. Ran Oren, Hadassah University Hospital Ein Kerem
Reduced Hepatic Injury in Toll-Like Receptor 4โDeficient Mice Following D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharideInduced Fulminant Hepatic Failure Ziv Ben Ari1,4, Orna Avlas4,5, Orit Pappo2, Veacheslav Zilbermints3, Yelena Cheporko4, Asher Shainberg5, Eran Sharon3, Franklin Grief3, Edith Hochhauser4 1Liver Institute, 2Department of Histopathology, 3Department of Surgery A, Beilinson Hospital-Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tiqwa, 4Liver and Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petah Tiqwa, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv5Gonda (Goldschmied) Medical Diagnostic Research Center, The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
Liver transplantation is the only therapy of proven benefit in fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), D-galactosamine (GalN)-induced FHF is a well established model of liver injury in mice. Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) has been identified as a receptor for LPS. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of TLR4 in FHF induced by D-GalN/ LPS administration in mice. Wild type (WT) and TLR4
deficient (TLR4ko) mice were studied in vivo in a fulminant model induced by GalN/LPS. Hepatic TLR4 expression, serum liver enzymes, hepatic and serum TNF-ฮฑ and interleukin1b levels were determined. Apoptotic cells were identified by immunohistochemistry for caspase-3. Nuclear factor-kappaฮฒ (NF-ฮบฮฒ and phosphorylated c-Jun hepatic expression were studied using Western blot analysis. All WT mice died within 24 hours after administration of GalN/LPS while all TLR4ko mice survived. Serum liver enzymes, interleukin-1b, TNF-ฮฑ level, TLR4 mRNA expression, hepatic injury and hepatocyte apoptosis all significantly decreased in TLR4ko mice compared with WT mice. A significant decrease in hepatic c-Jun and IkB signaling pathway was noted in TLR4ko mice compared with WT mice. In conclusion, following induction of FHF, the inflammatory response and the liver injury in TLR4ko mice was significantly attenuated through decreased hepatic c-Jun and NFฮบB expression and thus decreased TNF-ฮฑ level. Down-regulation of TLR4 expression plays a pivotal role in GalN/ LPS induced FHF. These findings might have important implications for the use of the anti TLR4 protein signaling as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in FHF.
The effect of resistance training on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL Assaf Buchโ 1,2, Muriel Webb1, Hanny Yeshua1,4, Ofer kiss1, Nahum Vaisman1,2, Naomi Fliss1,2, Zamir Halpern1,2, Erwin Santo1,2, Ran Oren1,2, Oren Shibolet1,2, Shira Zelber-Sagi1,3 1Dept. Gastroenterology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel; 2The Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel-Aviv University, Israel; 3School of Public Health, Haifa University, Haifa, Israel; 4Clalit Health Services
Background and aims: The recommended treatment of NAFLD includes weight reduction and physical activity (PA), but data on the effect of resistance training (RT) PA in NAFLD is scant. Aim: to evaluate the effect of 3 months supervised RT on clinical and metabolic parameters in patients with NAFLD. Methods: A randomized clinical trial. Inclusion criteria were ultrasonographic finding of fatty liver and exclusion of secondary liver disease. Patients were randomly allocated to either supervised RT, three times weekly, for 3 months, or a control arm consisting of home stretching. Hepatic ultrasound, biochemical blood tests, anthropometric measurements and body composition by DEXA were assessed. Steatosis was quantified by ultrasound utilizing the hepatorenal-ultrasound index (HRI). Results: Thirty six patients completed the study (age 25-62, mean BMI 31.3ยฑ4.4). The two arms did not differ in age, gender and baseline BMI (Pโฅ0.20 for all). Within the RT group we observed significant reductions in HRI score, serum ALT and ferritin levels. AST levels decreased significantly in both arms but two fold more in the RT arm. Total fat tissue and trunk fat tended to decrease, while lean body mass increased in the RT arm. Opposite trends were observed in the stretching arm (Table).
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โซืชืงืฆืืจื ืืื ืก ืืฉื ืชืโฌ
without cirrhosis based on a biopsy performed during the preceding 18 months. Changes in liver triglyceride concentration in patients treated with Aramchol or placebo for 3-months were assessed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMRS). Secondarily, changes in metabolic and lipid parameters were evaluated Patients were followed for 120 days. Results: 58 patients (52 steatosis, 6 steatohepatitis) completed the study. A reduction of 12.6% in liver fat content was observed in the 300 mg Aramchol treated group (p=0.01, t-test), while a change of -3.0% and +3.5% was observed in the 100 mg and placebo groups, respectively (n.s). In the 300 mg Aramchol treated group, ALT, HOMA, insulin levels and body weight were reduced while serum adiponectin levels and endothelial function increased, No changes were observed in the 100 mg or placebo groups. No changes were observed in plasma cholesterol, triglyceride or HbA1c levels between the groups. Conclusions: Aramchol is safe and well tolerated and exhibits plasma pharmacokinetics that supports once daily dosing. The reduction of liver fat content obtained in the 300 mg Aramchol treated group and positive results on several metabolic parameters suggest a therapeutic potential that warrants further investigations.
โซ | ืืงืจ ืืืืโฌupdateโซืืจืคืืืโฌ
2012 โซืืจืฅโฌ
โซืชืงืฆืืจื ืืื ืก ืืฉื ืชืโฌ
โซืืจืคืืืโฌupdate | โซืืงืจ ืืืืโฌ
Conclusions: RT may serve as a complement to treatment for NAFLD patients and an alternative for patients with low motivation for aerobic PA. Table. Within group comparisons (mean difference from baseline ยฑSD) Parameter (units) P-value
RT arm
Stretching arm
HRI (score)
-0.31ยฑ0.41 0.01
-0.08ยฑ0.24 0.18
ALT (U/L)
-6.6ยฑ9.0 0.01
-1.71ยฑ8.70 0.43
AST (U/L)
-4.25ยฑ5.41 0.007
-2.35ยฑ3.67 0.02
GGT (U/L)
-5.00ยฑ11.72 0.12
2.71ยฑ13.94 0.18
Ferritin (ng/ml)
-21.7ยฑ29.95 0.02
-4.50ยฑ32.4 0.63
Total fat tissue %
-0.94ยฑ1.83 0.08
0.69ยฑ0.87 0.02
Trunk fat %
-0.78ยฑ2.28 0.22
0.85ยฑ1.1 0.02
Lean body mass %
0.90ยฑ1.78 0.08
-4.36ยฑ13.80 0.26
Low CYP1A2 Enzyme Activity Protects from Hepatic Iron Overload in Patients with ฮฒ-Thalassemia Itamar Nitzan1, Shoshana Revel-Vilk2, Ada Godfarb3, Yaron Ilan4, Nilla Hemed4, Eyal Shteyer1 1Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Pediatrics,2Pediatric Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Department, 3Hematology Department, 4Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
Background: CYP1A2 is a cytochrome enzyme with a pivotal role in hepatic drug metabolism. It was shown that CYP1A2-/- mice are protected from hepatic iron toxicity. The aim of this study was to assess the activity of CYP1A2, by Methacetin breath test, in relation to iron load in ฮฒ-thalassemia (TM) patients. Methacetin is metabolized by CYP1A2, and can be measured by 13C-methacetin breath test (MBT, BreathIDยฎ Exalenz Bioscience). Methods: MBT was performed in children and adults with TM. MBT parameters including PDR peak (percent dose recovered per hour), cumulative percentage of 13C recovery at 20 minutes (CPDR20) after ingestion of methacetin and time to peak PDR (TTP) were correlated with various clinical, blood and MRI measures. Results: Thirty patients were enrolled into the study. The median age was 30 years (range 1-60y) and 56% were female. Fourteen patients had plasma ferritin level < 1000 mcg/l. The PDR peak and CPDR20 were significantly lower in patients with ferritin levels < 1000 mcg/l compared to those with ferritin levels > 1000
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mcg/l. During the study period, 21 patients had T2* MRI scans. Liver MRI was normal (T2* MRI > 6.3 milliseconds) in 8 patients, and was not associated with any clinical parameter. These patients had a markedly decreased activity of CYP1A2 (PDR < 20%/hour) compared to those with abnormal MRI, and all were from Jewish Kurdistan origin. Conclusions: Our study suggests that, similar to the murin model, low activity of CYP1A2 protects from hepatic iron accumulation in transfusion depended TM patients.
Liver fibrosis as measured by transient elastography gradually decreases during antiviral therapy in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) Liane Rabinowich1, Stella Levit1, Shira Zelber-Sagi1, Helena Katchman1, Muriel Webb1, Adam Phillips1, Rafi Bruck1, Yoav Luria2, Oren Shibolet1 1Liver Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; 2Liver Unit, Digestive Diseases Institute, Shaarei Zedek Medical Center, the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Jerusalem Israel.
Background: Treatment of Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) is associated with a decrease in hepatic fibrosis as manifested by improved liver stiffness (LS) measured by transient elastography (FibroScan). Aim: to assess changes in LS in HCV patients during anti-viral treatment. Methods: Patients with HCV who were candidates for standard pegylated-IFN plus ribavirin therapy were enrolled. LS was measured by transient elastography at the time of enrollment and sequentially at 2, 4, 12, 24, 48 and 72 weeks. For each measurement, LS was calculated both as maximal LS (max-LS) and average LS values of three readings performed. Results: Twenty-three patients were enrolled. There was a significant decrease of LS at the end of follow-up compared with the initial pre-treatment value (-2.47kPa +/-4.11, p=0.009 for max-LS and -2.16kPa +/-3.49, p= 0.007 for average-LS). Patients with initial higher LS values (correlating with F2-4 fibrosis stage) demonstrated a greater decrease in LS values at the end of followup (-3.91kPa +/- 4.70, p=0.008 for max-LS and -3.9kPa +/- 4.05, p=0.006 for average-LS). The decrease in LS was gradual along the course of treatment. A significant decrease in LS was noted as early as 4 weeks for average LS value (-1.016kPa +/- 2.19, p= 0.04) and at 12 weeks for maximal LS value (-1.82kPa +/- 3.24, p=0.013). Conclusion: LS decreases gradually during IFN-based therapy in patients with chronic HCV with significant reduction noticed as early as after 4 weeks of treatment.
First in Israel Laparoscopic Robotically assisted Left Liver Lobectomy Evgeny Solomonov, Evitar Nesher, Michael Gourevich, Sigal Aizner, Ezra Shaharabani and Eytan Mor.
2012 โซืืจืฅโฌ
Background: Da Vinci Surgical System is shown to be superior to traditional laparoscopic technique in regards to better, 360-degree range of motion Endo-Wrist instrumentation, 3-dimentional images and stable camera view. Robotic surgery for liver resections has not yet been widely reported. The aim of this presentation is to report the first known case of hepatic resection with the use of Robotic surgical system in Israel. Methods: A 22-year-old woman with multiple episodes of cholangitis was referred for surgical treatment. Preoperative evaluation disclosed an Echinococcal Centrally located Cyst and its communication with left hepatic duct and proximal dilatation of the left lobe bile ducts. CT scan and MRCP had shown normal right and main bile ducts. Serological results were positive for an echinococcus. She underwent robotic assisted anatomical left liver lobectomy Results: Liver transsection was achieved with Harmonic Scalpel and bipolar forceps without inflow clamping. Blood loss was minimal and the patient did not receive blood transfusion. Operative time was 360 min. The patient underwent urgent ERCP tree days after the surgery: dilated CBD seen and impacted small stone was removed from the papilla. Good bile flow was achieved. Further postoperative period was uneventful and the patient was discharged on the 7th postoperative day. Conclusion: The laparoscopic approach using Da Vinci Robotic System may enable complex liver resection allowing precise manipulation during anatomical hepatic lobectomy. Our first case demonstrates impressive ability of robotic technique during laparoscopic approach in such challenging area as a liver surgery.
Counseling patients with Budd-chiari syndrome regarding pregnancy: is it time for a paradigm change? Meir Mizrahi1, Uriel Elchalal2, David Varon3, Lilach Roemi1, Tomer Adar4, Shaima Ziadat1, Daniel Shouval1, Oren Shibolet5 1Gastroenterology and liver disease institute. Division of Medicine 2High-risk pregnancy clinic, Department of obstetrics and Gynecology 3Coagulation unit, Department of Hematology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 4Digestive Diseases Institute Shaare Zedek Medical center,Jerusalem 5. Liver Unit, Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
Background: Appropriate pregnancy counseling in BuddโChiari syndrome (BCS) patients is a difficult task. Aim: To assess pregnancy counseling practices and outcome in BCS. Methods: A telephone questionnaire with all BCS female patients in our institute. Data included: demographics, number of pregnancies, maternal and fetal complications, discipline of managing physician & counseling regarding pregnancy. Results: 72 BCS patients were screened, 38 were women of
childbearing age (18-45 years old) and 36 agreed to participate. Mean age at diagnosis was 30 years. BCS etiologies included: factor V Leiden, protein C/S, or antithrombin III deficiencies, anti-phospholipid syndrome, and polycythemia-vera. Sixteen patients (45%) tried to conceive and 12 (33%) had 25 deliveries. There was no maternal or fetal mortality. Mean gestational week at delivery was 36. Mean birth weight was 2424 gr. Pregnancy-related complications were: preterm labor and delivery (20%), hospitalization for supervision (12%), premature contractions (6%), vaginal bleeding (6%). Complications related to the underlying disease were abdominal pain (6%), ascites exacerbation (5%), hepatic vein occlusion (4%) and variceal bleeding (3%). 24 patients were advised not to conceive, 4 opted to avoid pregnancy on their own accord and 8 did not receive any recommendation. 21/28 (75%), 2/4 (50%), and 1/4 (25%) patients followed by a hepatologist, hematologist and rheumatologist respectively were advised not to conceive, of those, 9 (38%) became pregnant and had 22 deliveries Conclusions: maternal and fetal outcomes in BCS were favorable. Hepatologists were more likely to recommend avoidance of pregnancy. Re-evaluation of pregnancy decisions and recommendations in BCS is required.
mTOR activation plays a critical role in regulating acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity Dotan Uzi1, Viviana Schiewitz1, Boaz Tirosh1, Oren Shibolet2 1Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel .2Liver Unit, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center & Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
Background: Drug induced liver injury (DILI) is a leading cause of liver injury, liver transplantation and indication for drug withdrawal. Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol-APAP) overdose is the leading cause of DILI in the western world. APAP heaptotoxicity is mediated via oxidative and ER stress. Recently mTOR, a key regulator of cellular homeostasis was shown to be involved in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. Aims: To characterize mTOR pathway activation and crosstalk with the ER stress/UPR signaling, and to mechanistically define its role in liver injury caused by APAP. Methods & expected results: We used an established mouse model for APAP-induced liver injury. Our preliminary results indicate inhibition of mTOR signaling in vitro, while in vivo APAP activates mTOR in a time dependant manner, as indicated by AKT phosphorylation, leading to ribosomal-S6 phosphorylation. TSC1 KO mice, in which of the mTOR pathway is constitutively active, showed increased liver damage compared to controls following APAP administration, while mice treated with rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, were protected. Rapamycin treatment led to ER stress attenuation, indicated by downregulation of UPR targets and limited CHOP nuclear localization.
23
โซืชืงืฆืืจื ืืื ืก ืืฉื ืชืโฌ
Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery Unit, Beilinson Campus, Rabin Medcal Center. Petah Tiqwa, Israel; Department of Organ Transplantation, Rabin Medical Center. Petah Tiqwa, Israel
โซ | ืืงืจ ืืืืโฌupdateโซืืจืคืืืโฌ
โซืชืงืฆืืจื ืืื ืก ืืฉื ืชืโฌ
โซืืจืคืืืโฌupdate | โซืืงืจ ืืืืโฌ
Conclusions: Our studies provide evidence of a pathological role for the mTOR pathway and its crosstalk with ER stress/UPR signaling in APAP-induced liver injury. These findings mark the mTOR pathway as a possible target for therapeutic intervention in APAP induced hepatotoxicity.
THE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF LIGANDS OF NUCLEAR RECEPTORS ON HEPATIC STELLATE CELL ACTIVATION AND PROLIFERATION IS MEDIATED BY DOWNREGULATION OF CELL CYCLE PROTEINS Efrat Sharvit1, Shimon Reif2, Shirley Abramovitch2, Zamir Halpern1 and Rafael Bruck1 1Institute of Gastroenterology, and 2Dept. of Pediatrics, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, and The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv
Background/aims: Peroxisome proliferator activator receptors (PPAR) ligands have been shown to inhibit development of liver fibrosis. The role of all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and its metabolite 9-cis retinoic acid (9-cis) is less clear. We investigated the ability of the combination of ligands of peroxisome proliferator activator receptor ฮณ (PPARฮณ) and retinoic acid receptor (RAR) in inhibiting liver fibrosis and the effects of ATRA, 9-cis and PPARฮณ ligand 15-deoxy-ฮ12,14-prostaglandinJ(2)[PJ(2)] on proliferation
22
2012 โซืืจืฅโฌ
of primary hepatic stellate cells, and on PPARฮณ, ฮฑSMA gene and protein expression in these cells. Methods: We assessed proliferation of primary hepatic stellate cells by BrdU and crystal violet. Cell cycle was determined by FACS analysis. Cyclin D1, P21, P27, mTOR, p70S6K, collagen Iฮฑ1, and ฮฑSMA proteins were determined by western blot analysis. Results: Proliferation of primary HSCs was inhibited by the combination of 9-Cis, ATRA and PJ and the effect of the 3 ligands was additive. As demonstrated by FACS analysis, the inhibition of proliferation was due to cell cycle arrest. Studies using western blot analysis demonstrated reduced expression of cyclin D1 and increased expression of P21 and P27 by the above combination. When examining proteins leading to HSCs proliferation, we found that the 3 ligands down regulated the phosphorylation of mTOR and p70S6K. The combined treatment led to inhibition of relies of the lipid droplets as demonstrated by Oil red-O staining. Studies using real time PCR and western blot analysis showed marked inhibition of collagen Iฮฑ1 and ฮฑSMA in the presence of the combination of the 3 ligands. Summary: Our studies demonstrate that the combination of these 3 ligands inhibited the mTOR pathway which leads to inhibition of HSCs proliferation, G0/G1 arrest and affect cell cycle proteins. Furthermore, the combined treatment had antifibrotic effect.
โซืืจืคืืืโช | updateโฌืืงืจ ืืืืโฌ
โซืืืืคืื ืืื ืืขืืืืช ืืืชืจ ืืืืื ืืฉืืขืืชืืช ืกืืืืกืืืช ืืขืืืช ืงืืืฆืชโฌ โซืืืืงืืจืชโช .โฌืื ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืงืืืฆืืช ืืืืื ืช ืชืืคืขืืช ืืืืืืโช ,โฌืืืโฌ โซืืื ืืืื ืืจืืืช ืืืืืคืืฆืืืื ืืกืื โช CD4โฌืื ืืขืืืก ืื ืืืคื ืฉื โช.HIVโฌโฌ โซืืืืืจืื ืืกืืืื ืฉืฉืชื ืฉืืืืช ืืืืกืื ืืื ืืขืืืืช ืืืชืจ ืืืคืจืืืืงืืโฌ โซืืืงืืื ืืืืกืื ืืืื โช.HIVโฌโฌ โซืื ืืคืฉืจ ืืืื ืืืืกืื ืื ืโโช HBVโฌืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืืืืืชโฌ โซืืืืกืืโช .โฌืืืืกืื ืื ื ืื โช HBVโฌืืฉ ืคืจืืคืื ืืืืืืชื ืืฆืืืโช ,โฌืืืจืื ืืชื ืืืืกืืโฌ โซืืื ื ืืจืื ืืชืืคืขืืช ืืืืื ืืฉืืขืืชืืืชโช .โฌืืชืืคืขืืช ืืฉืืืืืช ืื ืชืืืืโฌ โซืืืงืื ืืืืจืงื ืืืื ืจืืืฉืืช (โช )22%-17%โฌืื ืืืื ืื ืคืืืืช (โช.)10%-1%โฌโฌ โซืชืืคืขืืช ืืืืื ืืืืืืช ืืืืืืช ืืืืืช ืขืืืคืืช (โช ,)15%-13%โฌืืืโช ,โฌืืืืโฌ โซืจืืฉโช ,โฌืืืขืืชโช ,โฌืืืืืืช ืืืงืืืช (>โช .)1%โฌืืขืชืื ื ืืืจืืช ืืืื ืขื ืชืืคืขืืชโฌ โซืืืืื ืืืื ืชืืืื ืื ืืคืืืงืืืชโช ,โฌืชืืคืขืืช ื ืืืจืืืืืืืช ืื ืคืจืืืืช ืกืืกืืืืืชโฌ โซ(โช .)Steven Johnson syndromeโฌืืคื ื ืืขืฉืืจ ืืืคืืขื ืืื ืืืืืืื ืฉืงืฉืจืโฌ โซืืื ืืืืกืื ืโโช HBVโฌืืืฉืจืื ืื ืืืืืจื ืฉื ืืจืฉืช ื ืคืืฆืโช .โฌืืขืืช ืืืืงืโฌ โซืฉื ืืจืืื ืืืจืืืืช ืืขืืืื ืขืืจื ืขื ืืืืืข ืืงืืขื ืื ืื ืืืื ืงืฉืจโฌ โซืืื ืืืืกืื ืืืื ืืจืฉืช ื ืคืืฆืโช ,โฌืื ืืืกืืคื ืืขืจืช ืืืืจื ืืืคืื ืืืื ืืืืโฌ โซืืจืฉืช ื ืคืืฆื ืืฉ ืืฉืงืื ืืช ืืชืืขืืช ืืืืกืื ืื ืืื ืืกืื ื ืืืืืจืโฌ โซืืืืืโช .โฌืืื ืื ืืืื ืืงืจืื ืชืืืจ ืงืฉืจ ืืื ืืืืกืื ืืืชืคืชืืืชโฌ โซืืืืืช ืืืืืืืืื ืืืชโช ,โฌืืืืงืืื ืืืืืืช ืืืจืืชโช ,โฌืื ืืขืืืช ืืืืงื ืฉืโฌ โซืืจืืื ืืืจืืืืช ืื ืืฆืื ืงืฉืจ ืืืโช .โฌืืืืกืื ื ืืฉื ืืืืื ืขืืืจ ื ืฉืืโฌ โซืืจืืช ืืื ืืงืืชโช ,โฌืืฃ ืฉืื ื ืืชื ืืืกืืจืช ืืืงืจืืชโช.โฌโฌ
โซืกืืืืโฌ โซื ืืืฃ ืืืงืช ืืืื ืืกืื โช Bโฌืืื ืืืจื ืชืืืืื ืืจืืืโช ,โฌืืืืจืโฌ โซืืืชืคืชืืืช ืืืืช ืืื ืืจืืคื ืืืจืื ืืชโช ,โฌืฉืืืช ืืกืจืื ืืืืโช.โฌโฌ
โซืืจืฅ โช2012โฌโฌ
โซืืคืฉืจ ืืื ืืข ืืืืืงืืช ืืืืื ืืฆืืจื ืืืืืืช ืขืโืืื ืืืกืืโฌ โซืืื ืืืจืกืืืโช .โฌืืืจ ืืืื ืื ื ืจืืืื ืืจืืื ื ืืืจืช ืืืืืืงืืช ืืงืจืโฌ โซืืืืื ืืืจืฆืืช ืื ืืืืืช ืืืจืืื ืืงืืืื ืืกืืืืื ืืืืืช ืืืืโฌ โซืืืขืืงืจ ืกืจืื ืืืืโช .โฌืืืฆืืช ืืืืกืื ื ืืืื ืืชืื ืืื ืช ืืื ื ืื ืืืฃโฌ โซืืืขืจืืช ืืืืกืื ืืฉืืืื ืฉืืืืช ืืืืงืืืืจืืืช ืฉืืืื ืืืชืคืชืืโฌ โซืขื ืืฉื ืืโช .โฌืื ืืขืืืืช ืืืืกืื ืื ืืืืืืืชื ืืฉืชืคืจื ืขื ืืืืโช,โฌโฌ โซืืื ืืขืืจ ืืืืกืื ืื ืฉืืงืืจื ืืกืจืื ืืืืกืื ืื ืฉืืืฆืจื ืืฉืืืืชโฌ โซืจืงืืืืื ื ืืืืช ืืฉืืจืื ืืืชืื ืืื ืงืืโช .โฌืขืืงืจ ืืืืืฅ ืืืื ืืชืืงืโฌ โซืืืื ืกืช ืชืื ืืืช ืืืกืื ืืืจืฆืืช ื ืืกืคืืช ืืืืืกืื ืฉื ืืืืืืกืืืชโฌ โซืืืืืืืชโช ,โฌืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืฉืื ืืืืื ืืืืกืื ืจืืืโช .โฌืืืืฅ ืขืืืื ืืืืืโฌ โซืื ืืขื ืฉื ืืืจืืขื ืืืืงื ืืืฉืื ืืืืื ืืฃ ืืืืืช ืื ืืืฃ ืฉืืืืื ืืชโฌ โซืืื ืืฉืืช ืืฉืืจ ืืืืืชืโช.โฌโฌ
โซืืืืืืืืจืคืืโฌ โซโช1. McMahon BJ, Bulkow LR , Singleton RJ, et al . Elimination ofโฌโฌ โซโชhepatocellular carcinoma and acute hepatitis B in children 25โฌโฌ โซโชyears after a hepatitis B newborn and catch -up immunizationโฌโฌ โซโชprogram. Hepatology 2011;54:801-7.โฌโฌ โซโช2. Younossi ZM , Stepanova M . Changes in hepatitis A and Bโฌโฌ โซโชvaccination rates in adult patients with chronic liver diseasesโฌโฌ โซโชand diabetes in the U.S. population. Hepatology 2011;54:1167-78.โฌโฌ โซโช3. Launay O , van der Vliet D , Rosenberg AR , et al . Safety andโฌโฌ โซโชimmunogenicit y of 4 intr amuscular double doses and 4โฌโฌ โซโชintradermal low doses vs standard hepatitis B vaccine regimenโฌโฌ โซโชin adults with HIV -1: a randomized controlled trial . JAMAโฌโฌ โซโช2011;305:1432-40.โฌโฌ
โซืืืกืื ืื ืื ืืืฃ ืืืงืช ืืืื ืืกืื โชBโฌโฌ โซืฉืืืืืช ืืืืืจืขืืช ืฉื ืืืืื ืืจืืฃ ืึพโช HBVโฌืฆื ืื ืึพโช 19/100,000โฌืืงืจืโฌ โซืืืืื ืืืกืงื ืืชืืช ืืืื โช 20โฌืืฉื ืื โช ,1982โ1981โฌืึพโช 0/100,000โฌืืฉื ืืโฌ โซโช 1994โ1993โฌืืื ืชืืขื ืฉืื ืืงืจื ืฉื ืืืืื ืืจืืฃ ืึพโช HBVโฌืืงืจื ืืืืืโฌ โซืืื โช.1992โฌโฌ โซืืขืืช ืืืืงื ืฉื ืืจืืื ืืืจืืืืช ืืขืืืื ืงืืขื ืื ืื ืืืื ืงืฉืจโฌ โซืืื ืืืืกืื ืืืื ืืจืฉืช ื ืคืืฆืโช ,โฌืื ืืืกืืคื ืืขืจืช ืืืืจื ืืืคืื ืืงืจืโฌ
โซโช21โฌโฌ
โซืืืื ืืจืฉืช ื ืคืืฆื ืืฉ ืืฉืงืื ืืช ืืชืืขืืช ืืืืกืื ืื ืืื ืืกืื ืโฌ โซืืืืืจื ืืืืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืืื ืืงืจืื ืชืืืจ ืงืฉืจ ืืื ืืืืกืื ืืืชืคืชืืืช ืืืืืชโฌ โซืืืืืืืืื ืืืชโช ,โฌืืืืงืืื ืืืืืืช ืืืจืืชโช ,โฌืื ืืขืืืช ืืืืงื ืฉื ืืจืืืโฌ โซืืืจืืืืช ืื ืืฆืื ืงืฉืจ ืืืโช .โฌืืืืกืื ื ืืฉื ืืืืื ืขืืืจ ื ืฉืื ืืจืืชโฌ โซืืื ืืงืืชโช ,โฌืืฃ ืฉืื ื ืืชื ืืืกืืจืช ืืืงืจืืชโช.โฌโฌ
โซืืจืฅ โช2012โฌโฌ
โซืืงืจ ืืืื | โชupdateโฌืืจืคืืืโฌ
โซืืืกืื ืื ืืืืงืช ืืืืโฌ
โซืืืกืื ืื ืื ืืืฃ ืืืงืช ืืืื ืืกืื โช - Bโฌืขืืืืโฌ โซืืืจื ืฉืืืืชโฌ โซืืื ืคืืืืคืกโฌ โซืืืืืช ืืืืโช ,โฌืืืืื ืืืืืืช ืืจืื ืืขืืืื ืืืืืโช ,โฌืืืจืื ืืจืคืืื ืช"ื ืข"ืฉ ืกืืจืืกืงื ืืืื ืืืจืกืืืช ืช"ืโฌ
โซืโฌ
โซืฉื ื ืืืืจืื ื ืคืืจืกืื ืืื ืืืงืจืื ืฉืืืืืืื ืืชโฌ โซืืฉืืืืช ืืืืกืื ืื ืืืฃ ืืืงืช ืืืื ืืกืื โช Bโฌืื ืฉืืกืคืงืืโฌ โซืชืฉืืื ืืฉืืืืช ืืฉืืืืช ืื ืืืข ืืืขืืืืช ืืืืกืื ืืืืืืืกืืืชโฌ โซืืืืืืืชโช .โฌืืชืืฆืืืช ืืืืงืจืื ืขืืื ืื ื ืืชื ืืื ืืข ืชืืืืื ืืืืืืขโฌ โซืืืืืืจ ืฉื ืืืช ืืืืืืช ืืืื ืืงืฉืืช ืืงืืืืืช ืืืืโช.โฌโฌ โซื ืืืฃ ืืืงืช ืืื ืืกืื โชBโฌื ( โช )HBVโฌืืื ืืื ืืืืจืื ืืชืืืืืโฌ โซืื ืคืืฆืื ืืขืืืโช .โฌืโโช 400โฌืืืืื ืื ืฉืื ืืจืืื ืืขืืื ืื ื ืฉืืื ืืจืื ืืืโฌ โซืฉื ืื ืืืฃ ืืืฉืืคืื ืืกืื ืช ืืชืคืชืืืช ืฉื ืืืืช ืืื ืกืืขืจืชโช ,โฌืฉืโฌ โซืฉืืืช ืืฉื ืกืจืื ืืืโช .โฌืืื ืฉื ื ื ืจืฉืืื ืโโช 600,000โฌืืงืจื ืืืืชโฌ โซืืชืืฆืื ืืกืืืืื ืืืืช ืืืโฌ โซืฉื ืืจืื ืืฉื ืื ืืืฃ ืโโช 5โฌืืืืืืโฌ โซืฉืืืืืช ืืืืืจืขืืชโฌ โซืื ื ืืื ืืคืชืื ืืืืื ืืจืืฃโฌ โซืฉื ืืืืื ืืจืืฃ ืโโชHBVโฌโฌ โซืงืืืจืืโฌ โซืื ืืืฃโช .โฌืื ืืื ื ืชืื ืืโฌ โซืฆื ืื ืโโช19/100,000โฌโฌ โซืืืโช ,โฌืืฉืื ืืืืืจ ืฉืืืืืจโฌ โซืืงืจื ืืืืื ืืืกืงืโฌ โซืืืืื ื ืืชื ืช ืืื ืืขืโช .โฌืืืกืืโฌ โซืืชืืช ืืืื โช20โฌโฌ โซืืขืื ืื ืืืฃ ื ืืฆื ืืฉืืืืฉโฌ โซืืฉื ืื โช1982-1981โฌโฌ โซืืืขืื ืโโช 25โฌืฉื ืื ืืชืื ืืืชโฌ โซ โช ,100,000/0โฌืืฉื ืืโฌโซืงืืืืืชโฌ โซืืืกืื ืืื ืืืจืกืืืืืชโฌ โซโช ,1994-1993โฌืืื ืชืืขืโฌ โซืืโ โช 180โฌืืืื ืืชโช .โฌืืืืืจโฌ โซืฉืื ืืงืจื ืฉื ืืืืืโฌ โซืฉื ืืงืืืื ืืืืจืื ืฉืคืืจืกืโฌ โซืืจืืฃ ืโโช HBVโฌืืงืจืโฌ โซื โ โช 2 0 1 1โฌื ื ืจ ื ื ื ื ื ื ืจ ื ืืืืื ืืื ืฉื ืช โช1992โฌโฌ โซืืืืจืืงืืืช ืืืงืจ ืืืืโฌ โซืืชืืืจืช ืืฉืคืขืช ืืืืกืื ืขื ืืืืืืกืืื ืฉื ืืืืืื ืืืืกืงื ืืืฉืโฌ โซืืขืงื ืฉื โช 25โฌืฉื ื [โช .]1โฌืืืืืืืกืืื ืื ื ืจืืชื ืืขืืจ ืฉืืืืืชโฌ โซืืืืื ืืืืชืจ ืฉื ืืืืื ืืจืืฃ ืืืจืื ื ืโโช HBVโฌืืฉื ืกืจืื ืืื ืจืืฉืื ืโฌ โซ(โช .)Hepatocellular carcinomaโฌืืฉื ืื โช 1982-1981โฌืืืื ืืืืกืงืโฌ โซืชืื ืืช ืืืฉืืชืืช ืืืืืื ืื ืืืงืจืื ืฉื ืืืืื ืืจืืฃ ืโโช HBVโฌืืฉื ืืโฌ โซืืงืจื ืกืจืื ืืืื ืืจืืฉืื ื ืืงืจื ื ืฉืืื ืืจืื ืืืโช ,โฌืืืืฆืขืืช ืืืืืโฌ โซืืืืืื ืฉื ืชืืช ืฉื ืืืืืื ืืขืืืจื (โช .)Alpha-feto proteinโฌืโโช1984โฌโฌ โซืืืื ืืืืกืงื ืืืืฉื ืชืื ืืช ืืืกืื ืืื ืืืจืกืืืืช ืืื ืืืืืืืืโช,โฌโฌ โซืืชืื ืืช ืกืงืจ ืืืืกืื ืืื ืืืืืื ื ืขืจืื ืืื ื ืืืืืื ืืืืชื ืืกืคืจโช.โฌโฌ โซื ืืกืฃ ืืื ื ืขืฉื ื ืืกืืื ืืขืืื ืื ืืืืืจืื ืืืชืืกื ืืืืฆืขืืช ืืืืขืืชโฌ โซืืชืืงืื ืืจืคืืืืืโช .โฌืฉืืืืืช ืืืืืจืขืืช ืฉื ืืืืื ืืจืืฃ ืโ โชHBVโฌโฌ โซืฆื ืื ืโโช 19/100,000โฌืืงืจื ืืืืื ืืืกืงื ืืชืืช ืืืื โช 20โฌืืฉื ืืโฌ โซโช ,1982-1981โฌืโโช 0/100,000โฌืืฉื ืื โช ,1994-1993โฌืืื ืชืืขื ืฉืืโฌ โซืืงืจื ืฉื ืืืืื ืืจืืฃ ืโโช HBVโฌืืงืจื ืืืืื ืืื ืฉื ืช โช .1992โฌืืืงืืืโช,โฌโฌ โซืืืืจืขืืช ืกืจืื ืืื ืจืืฉืื ื ืืงืจื ืืืืื ืืืกืงื ืืชืืช ืืืื โช 20โฌืฆื ืืโฌ โซืโโช 3/100,000โฌืืฉื ืื โช 1984-1983โฌืโโช 0โฌืืฉื ืื โช ,1999-1995โฌืืืโฌ โซืชืืืจ ืืฃ ืืงืจื ืฉื ืกืจืื ืื ืืงืจื ืืืืื ืืื ืฉื ืช โช .1999โฌืืกืคืจืโฌ โซืฉื ื ืฉืืื ืืจืื ืืื ืฉื โช HBVโฌืฆืขืืจืื ืืืื โช( 20โฌื ืงืืข ืขื ืคื ืืืืงืโฌ โซืืืืืืช ืโโช )HBsAgโฌืฆื ื ืโโช 657โฌืืฉื ืช โช 1987โฌืโโช 2โฌืืฉื ืช โช .2008โฌืืืืงืจืืโฌ โซืืกืืืื ืืืืืจืื ืฉืืืกืื ืืื ืืืจืกืืื ืืืืืืืื ืืชืื ืืช ืกืงืจ ืืืืกืืโฌ
โซืืืืืื ืืงืจื ืืืืื ืืืกืงื ืืขืืืื ืืืืืืื ืืช ืืงืจื ืกืจืื ืืืืโฌ โซืืจืืฉืื ื ืืืช ืืงืจื ืืืืืื ืืืจืืฃ ืโโช HBVโฌืืงืจื ืืืืืโช .โฌืืืื ืืืืฉืโฌ โซืืืขืืื ืืืืชืจ ืืื ืืขืช ืชืืืืื ืืงืฉืืจื ืโโช HBVโฌืืงืจื ืืืืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืืช ืืืืขืืืช ืืขืืงืจืืืช ืืืืกืื ืื ืโ โช HBVโฌืงืฉืืจื ืืืืฉืืโฌ โซืืืืืฆืืช ืืืืกืื ืืืืืจืื ืืงืืืฆืืช ืกืืืื ืืืชืืืื ืืจืืื ืืืืกืืโฌ โซืืงืืืฆืืช ืืืืืืืชโช .โฌืโโช 2011โฌืคืืจืกืื ืฉื ื ืืืงืจืื ืืฉืืืื ืื ืืฉื ืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืขืืืื ืฉืคืืจืกืื ืโโช Hepatologyโฌื ืืืงื ืืืื ืืืช ืืืืกืื ืโโชHBVโฌโฌ โซืโโช HAVโฌืืงืจื ืืืืื ืืืืืช ืืื ืืจืื ืืช ืืืืื ืกืืืจืช [โช .]2โฌืืฉ ืืืืฆืโฌ โซืืืืกืื ืฉื ืฉืชื ืืงืืืฆืืช ืืืืโช ,โฌืื ืืืืช ืืืืฉืื ืฉื ืืืืืฆื ืืื ืโฌ โซืืืืขืโช .โฌืืืืืจืื ืกืงืจื ืืืืืืกืืื ืืชืื ืกืงืจ ืืืจืืืืช ืืืืจืืงืืโฌ โซืืขื ืง (โชNational Health and Nutrition Examination Sur vey -โฌโฌ โซโช .)NHANESโฌืื ืกืงืจื ืโโช 25,000โฌืื ืฉืื ืฉื ืืืื ืืกืงืจ ืืฉื ืืโฌ โซโช 14% .2008-1999โฌืโโช 8.6%โฌืืืืฉืชืชืคืื ืกืืื ืืืืืืช ืืื ืืจืื ืืืชโฌ โซืื ืืกืืืจืชโช ,โฌืืืชืืืโช .โฌืืืืงืจืื ืืฆืื ืฉืฉืืขืืจ ืืืืกืื ืโโช HAVโฌืขืืโฌ โซืืฉื ืืช ืืกืงืจ ืโโช 13%โฌืโโช 20%โฌืืืงืจื ืืืืื ืืืืืช ืืื ืืจืื ืืช ืขืืโฌ โซืฉืืขืืจื ืืืืกืื ืโโช 23%โฌืโโช .32%โฌืืืืกืื ืโ โช HAVโฌื ืืชื ืืขืืงืจ ืืืืืืโฌ โซืืืืืช ืืืื ืืฉืืื ืโช ,โฌืืืืื ืืืืกืื ืโโช HBVโฌื ืืชื ืื ืืืืืื ืืืืืชโฌ โซืืืื ืืฉืืื ื ืืื ืื ืฉืืื ืืจืื ืืื ืฉื ืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืช ืืกืื โช.Cโฌโฌ โซืืงืจื ืืืื ืืกืืืจืช ื ืจืืชื ืขืืืื ืฉื ืโโช 7%โฌืืฉืืขืืจื ืืืืกืื ืโโชHAVโฌโฌ โซืโโช HBVโฌืืืืื ืฉื ืืช ืืกืงืจโช ,โฌืืืืื ืืืืืืืกืืื ืืืืืืชโช.โฌโฌ โซืฉืืขืืจื ืืืืกืื ืโโช HAVโฌืืโโช HBVโฌืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืืืืช ืืืขืจืืชโฌ โซืืืจืืืืช ืืืจื"ืโช .โฌืืืืืงื ืืืืื ืืืืืช ืืื ื ืชืืื ืฉืฉืืขืืจ ืืืืกืืโฌ โซืโโช HAVโฌืืจื ืืืืืืืกืืืโช ,โฌืื ืฉืืขืืจ ืืืืกืื ืโโช HBVโฌืขืื ืโโช 31%โฌืโโช.41%โฌโฌ โซืืืืชืืื ืืกืืืื ืืืืืจืื ืื ืืื ื ืฉืืขืืจื ืืืืกืื ืโโช HAVโฌืืโโชHBVโฌโฌ โซืืงืจื ืืืืื ืืืืืช ืืื ืืจืื ืืช ืื ืกืืืจืช ืขืืืืโช ,โฌืื ืื ืขืืืื ื ืืืืืโฌ โซืืืืโช .โฌืื ืืื ืืืฉืืขืืช ืืงืืื ืืช ืืืืืื ืฉื ืืืืื ืโ โช HAVโฌืืโ โชHBVโฌโฌ โซืืฆื ืืืื ืืืืช ืืื ืืจืื ืืช ืืืืื ืกืืืจืช ืืฉ ืืงืื ืืืืฉืื ืืืืืจ ืฉืโฌ โซืืืืืฆืืช ืืืืกืื ืืืืืืืกืืืช ืืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืขืืืื ืฉื ืืื ืฉืคืืจืกืื ืืืจืืื ืฉื ืืืืจื ืืืืจืืงืืืช ืืจืคืืืโฌ โซ(โช )JAMAโฌื ืืืงื ืฆืืจืช ืืืืกืื ืืืขืืื ืืืืชืจ ืืืืช ืืงืืืฆืืช ืืืืืืโฌ โซืืงืฉืืช ืืืืชืจ ืืืืกืืโช ,โฌืืืื โชHIVโฌื [โช .]3โฌืืขืืืื ื ืืืงื โช 3โฌืฉืืืืช ืืืืกืืโช:โฌโฌ โซืืจืืข ืืจืืงืืช ืชืืโืฉืจืืจืืืช ืฉื ืืื ืื ืืคืื ืฉื ืืืกืื ืจืงืืืืื ื ืื (โช20โฌโฌ โซืืืงืจืืืจื ืืฉืืืขืืช โช 8 ,4 ,0โฌืโโช 4 ,)24โฌืืจืืงืืช ืชืืโืขืืจืืืช ืฉื ืืื ืืโฌ โซื ืืื (โช 4โฌืืืงืจืืืจื) ืืืืชื ืืื ืื ืืคืจืืืืงืื ืืืืกืื ืืจืืื ืฉื โช3โฌโฌ โซืืจืืงืืช ืชืืโืฉืจืืจืืืช (โช 20โฌืืืงืจืืืจื ืืฉืืืขืืช โช 4 ,0โฌืโโช .)24โฌืืฉืืืขโฌ โซืโโช 28โฌื ืืืงื ืืชืืืื ืฉื ืืืืื ืฉืงืืืื ืืคืืืช ืืจืืงืช ืืืกืื ืืืชโช.โฌโฌ โซืชืืืื ืืืืืจื ืืจืืช ื ืืืื ืื ืโ โช HBsโฌืืจืื ืฉื โช 10โฌืืืืืืช ืืืโโฌ โซืืืืืืืชโช/โฌื"ื ืืคืืืชโช.โฌโฌ โซืชืืืื ืืืืืืช ื ืืฆืื ืืฆื โช 95%( 82%โฌืจืืื ืกืื โช)88%-77%โฌโฌ โซืืืืืืกื ืื ืืงืืืฆืช ืืืื ืื ืืืคืื ืฉื ืืืจืงื ืชืืโืฉืจืืจืืชโช ,โฌืืฆื โช77%โฌโฌ โซ(โช 95%โฌืจืืื ืกืื โช )84%-69%โฌืืงืืืฆืช ืืืืจืงื ืืชืืโืขืืจืืชโช ,โฌืืจืง ืืฆืโฌ โซโช 65%โฌืืงืืืฆื ืืืืกืื ืืจืืื (โช 95%โฌืจืืื ืกืื โช .)72%-56%โฌืฉืชื ืงืืืฆืืชโฌ
โซโช20โฌโฌ
โซืืจืคืืืโช | updateโฌืืงืจ ืืืืโฌ
โซืืจืฅ โช2012โฌโฌ
โซืืงืืืฆื ืฉืงืืืื ืืืืืื โช .Eโฌืโโช 3โฌืืืงืจืื ื ืืกืคืื ืฉืืืื ืืกื ืืืื โช149โฌโฌ โซืืืืืโช ,โฌื ืืฆื ืฉืืคืืจ ืืจืื ืืืืืื ืืืืกืืืืืืืื ืืขืช ืืชื ืคืืืืืืืืืโฌ โซืืืืืื ืืกืืืืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืโช.โฌโฌ
โซืืืืืืช ืืืืงืจืืโฌ โซืจืื ืืืืงืจืื ืืืื ืืกืคืจ ืงืื ืฉื ื ืืืงืืโช ,โฌืืืืคืื ื ืืชื ืืชืงืืคืโฌ โซืงืฆืจืโช ,โฌืืื ืืืืื ื ืขืฉื ืืืืคืกืืืช ืืืโช .โฌืืืืง ืืืขืืืืืช ืืืืื ืืืืงืจโฌ โซืื ืืจืืจืืโช ,โฌืืืืืืืช ืืืชืืืืืืืืช ืฉื ืืืงื ืืงืืืโช.โฌโฌ
โซืกืืืืโฌ
โซืคืืืืืืืืืโฌ โซื ืืืงื โช 4โฌืืืงืจืื ืฉืืื ืืฉืชืืฉื ืืคืืืืืืืืื ืืืืคืื ืืืืื ืืืโฌ โซืฉืืื ืโช ,โฌืืืืงื ื ืืชื ื ืชืืกืคืช ืฉื ืืืืืื โช Eโฌืืืืืงื ืื ื ืืชื ื ืชืืกืคืชโฌ โซืืืโช .โฌืืื ืืืืงืจืื ื ืขืฉื ืืืืคืกืืืช ืืืโช .โฌืืืืงืจ ืฉืคืืจืกื ืโโช2010โฌโฌ โซืโโช NEJMโฌืืืื โช 247โฌืืืืคืืื ืขื ืืื ืฉืืื ื ืืื ืกืืืจืชโช 80 ,โฌืืืืคืืืโฌ โซืงืืืื ืคืืืืืืืืื ืืืื ืื ืฉื โช 80โฌื"ื ืืืืโช 84 ,โฌืืืืคืืื ืงืืืื ืืืืืื โชEโฌโฌ โซืืืื ืื ืฉื โช 800โฌื"ื ืืืื ืโโช 83โฌืืืืคืืื ืงืืืื ืคืืฆืื ืืชืงืืคื ืฉื โช96โฌโฌ โซืฉืืืขืืชโช .โฌืืฆื ืืืืคืืื ืฉืงืืืื ืคืืืืืืืืื ื ืจืืชื ืืจืืื ืืจืืืช ืื ืืืืโฌ โซืืืื ืืืจืืช ืืฉืืื ืืืื ืืื ืฉืืคืืจ ืืืืง ืืืืจืืืืื ืืืืงืชืืืโฌ โซ(โช )LOBULAR INFLAMMATION & BALLONING DEGENERATIONโฌืืืโฌ โซืฉืืคืืจ ืืฉืืขืืชื ืืจืืช ืืคืืืจืืืืก ืืืืืโช .โฌืืฆื ืืงืืืฆื ืฉืงืืืืโฌ โซืคืืืืืืืืื ืื ื ืจืื ืืชืจืื ืืืืื ืช ืืฉืืคืืจ ืืจืื ืืืืกืืืืืืืช ืืืกืืชโฌ
โซโช19โฌโฌ
โซืืืืื ืฉืจืื ืืืืงืจืื ืฉืืื ื ืขื ืืืื ืืช ืืฉืืืืฉ ืืืืคืืจืืื ืืืืคืืโฌ โซืืืืืช ืืืื ืืฉืืื ื ืฉืื ืขื ืจืงืข ืืืืืืื ืืชืืกืกื ืขื ืงืืืฆืืชโฌ โซืงืื ืืช ืฉื ืืฉืชืชืคืืโช ,โฌื ืืฉืื ืืื ืงืฆืจ ืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืงืืืฆืชโฌ โซืืืงืืจืช ืืืฉืืืื ืืืกืืืืืืืชโช ,โฌื ืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืืฆื ืืืฉืชืืฉโฌ โซืืืืคื ืฉืืจืชื ืืืืคืืจืืื ืืงืจื ืืืืคืืื ืืกืืืืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืโฌ โซืืื ืกืืืจืชโช.โฌโฌ โซืื ืื ืืืื ืืฉืืืืฉ ืืืืืืืืืืื ืืืื ืื โช -โฌืจืื ืืืืงืจืื ื ืขืฉื ืขืโฌ โซืงืืืฆืืช ืงืื ืืชโช ,โฌืืืงื ืืืจืืื ืืืชโช ,โฌืืืืงื ื ืืฉืื ืืื ืงืฆืจ (ืคืืืชโฌ โซืืฉื ื)โช .โฌืคืจืง ืืื ืืื ืื ืืกืคืืง ืืื ืืืืืง ืฉืื ืืืื ืืืกืืืืืืืืโฌ โซืฉืืืืจืื ืืืื ืืขืงืืืช ืืจืืื ืืชื ืืืืช ืืืื ืกืืืืโช .โฌืืื ืืฉ ืืืืโฌ โซืืื ืืืืืืืื ืื ืืฉืื ืื? ืื ืืจืืจโช .โฌืคืืืืืืืืื ืืืืื ืืฉืืคืืจ ืืจืืโฌ โซืืคืจืืืจืื ืืืืกืืืืืืืืโช .โฌืจืืช ืโ โช ALTโฌืืจืื ืขื ืืฉืืืืฉ ืโโช2โฌโฌ โซืืชืจืืคืืชโช .โฌืืจืืื ืืื ืืืจืืื ืืจืืช ืืื ืืื ื ืฆืคืชื ืื ืืฉืืืืฉโฌ โซืืคืืืืืืืืื ืืื ืืฉืืืืฉ ืืืืืืืื โช.Eโฌโฌ โซืจืง โช 2โฌืืืงืจืื ืืฉืื ืืื ืืืคืืจืืื ืืจืืืืืืืืืืโช .โฌืฉื ืืื ืืืื ืืกืคืจโฌ โซืงืื ืฉื ืืืืคืืืโช ,โฌืืืื ืื ื ืืชื ืืงืืืข ืขื ืืกืืกื ืืืื ืชืจืืคื ืขืืืคืโช,โฌโฌ โซืื ืืืืโช.โฌโฌ
โซืืจืฅ โช2012โฌโฌ
โซืืงืจ ืืืื | โชupdateโฌืืจืคืืืโฌ
โซืชืืืื ืืืืืจโช:โฌโฌ โซโชInsulin sensitisers in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic reviewโฌโฌ โซโชShyangdan D, Clar C, Ghouri N, Henderson R, Gurung T, Preiss D, Sattar N, Fraser A, Waugh Nโฌโฌ โซโชHealth Technol Assess. 2011 Nov; 15(38):1-110.โฌโฌ
โซืื ื ืืฉืืขืโฌ โซืฉืืจื ืืืืจึพืฉืืืโฌ โซโช4โฌโฌ โซืจื ืืืจืโฌ โซโช1โฌโฌ
โซโช2,3โฌโฌ
โซโช1โฌืฉืืจืืชื ืืจืืืืช ืืืืืชโช ,โฌืืืืืื ืืจืคืืืช ืืฉืคืืโช ,โฌืืืื ืชื ืืืืึพืืคืโฌ โซโช2โฌืืืืื ืืช ืงืืื ืืช ืืืคืืืืืืืืืืชโช ,โฌืืืืื ืืืืืืช ืืจืื ืืขืืืื ืืืืืโช ,โฌืืืจืื ืืจืคืืื ืชื ืืืืโช ,โฌืข"ืฉ ืกืืจืืกืงืโฌ โซโช3โฌืืืช ืืกืคืจ ืืืจืืืืช ืืฆืืืืจโช ,โฌืืคืงืืืื ืืืืขื ืืจืืืื ืืืืจืืืืชโช ,โฌืืื ืืืจืกืืืช ืืืคืโฌ โซโช4โฌืืืืื ืืืกืืจืืื ืืจืืืืืื ืืืืืืช ืืืโช ,โฌืืืช ืืืืืื ืืืื ืืืจืกืืืื ืืืกืโช ,โฌืืจืืฉืืืโฌ
โซืืงืืืโช :โฌืขืืืืืช ืืืื ืกืืืื ืขืืืืช ืืืกืืก ืื ืื ืื ืื ืืง ืืืืืชโฌ โซืืืื ืืฉืืื ื ืฉืืื ื ื ืขื ืจืงืข ืืืืืืืโช ,โฌืืืืื ืฉืชืจืืคืืช ืืืขืืืช ืืชโฌ โซืืจืืืฉืืช ืืืื ืกืืืื ืื ืืืขืืืืช ืืืขืืืช ืื ืืกืืื ืืืคืื ืืืืืช ืืืืโฌ โซืืฉืืื ื ืฉืื ืขื ืจืงืข ืืืืืืืโช .โฌืืจื ืืืืงืจืื ืื ืืฉื ืืชืืงืืืโฌ โซืืืืคืืจืืื (ืืืืืื ืืืื) ืืืืืืืืืืืื ืืืื ืืโช .โฌืืกืงืืจื ืฉืคืืจืกืื ืืคื ืโฌ โซืืืืืฉืืื ื ืืื ื ืืขืืืืช ืืืืคืื ืืชืจืืคืืช ืืืขืืืช ืืช ืืจืืืฉืืชโฌ โซืืืื ืกืืืื ืืงืจื ืืืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืืจื ืืฉืืืืชโช :โฌืืกืงืืจ ืืช ืืฉืืืืฉ ืืชืจืืคืืช ืืกืื โชINSULINโฌโฌ โซโช SENSITIZERโฌืืืืคืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ื ืฉืื ืขื ืจืงืข ืืืืืืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืฉืืืืชโช :โฌื ืขืฉืชื ืกืงืืจื ืฉืืืชืืช ืฉื ืืืืจื ืืืืข ืืืืืฉืืื ืื ืืืงืโฌ โซืืขืืืืชื ืฉื ืืืคืืจืืืโช ,โฌืจืืืืืืืืืื ืืคืืืืืืืืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืชืืฆืืืชโช :โฌืืืชืจื โช 15โฌืืืงืจืื ืงืืื ืืื ืืงืจืืืื ืืืืงืจืืโช 4 .โฌืืืโฌ โซืืืงื ืืช ืืืขืืืืช ืฉื ืคืืืืืืืืืโช ,โฌืืื ืืื ืืช ืืืขืืืืช ืฉื ืจืืืืืืืืืืโช,โฌโฌ โซโช 8โฌืืช ืืืขืืืืช ืฉื ืืืคืืจืืืโช ,โฌืืโโช 2โฌืืืงืจืื ืืฉืื ืืื ืืืคืืจืืืโฌ โซืืจืืืืืืืืืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืจืื ืืืืงืจืื ื ืืฉืื โช 6โฌืขื โช 12โฌืืืืฉืื ืืจืืื ืืืื ืืกืคืจ ืงืื ืฉืโฌ โซื ืืืงืื (ืืื โช 8โฌืโโช 70โฌื ืืืงืืโช ,โฌืืืขื ืืืงืจ ืืื ืฉืืื โช 250โฌืืืืื)โช.โฌโฌ
โซืืืคืืจืืืโฌ โซโช 8โฌืืืงืจืื ืืืงื ืืืคืืจืืืโช .โฌืโโช 5โฌืืื ื ืขืืจื ืืืืืคืกืืืช ืืืโช ,โฌืืืฉืืจโฌ โซืืกืื ืจ ืืื ืืืืโช .โฌืืจืื ืืืืงืจืื ืื ื ืืฆื ืฉืืคืืจ ืืฉืืขืืชื ืืขืงืืืชโฌ โซืชืืกืคืช ืืืคืืจืืื ืืืืืื ืื ืืจืืืืืืืืืืโช .โฌืโโช 2โฌืืืงืจืื ื ืืฆื ืฉืืคืืจโฌ โซืืืืืช ืืฉืืื ืืืื ืืชืืฆืืืช ืืืืงืช ืกืื ืจ ืืโโช 2โฌืืืจืื ืื ื ืจืืโฌ โซืฉืื ืืืื ืืืืืงืช ืกืื ืจโช .โฌืโโช 2โฌืืืงืจืื ืฉืืฉืื ืืื ืืืคืืจืืื ืืจืืืืืืืืืืโฌ โซืืชืงืืื ืชืืฆืืืช ืืขืืจืืืชโช .โฌืืืืงืจ ืืื ืืื ืฉืืคืืจ ืืฉืืขืืชืโฌ โซืืืืกืืืืืืื ืจืง ืืืฉืจ ืืืืจื ืืช ืงืืืฆืช ืืืืคืืจืืื ืืจืืืืืืืืืืโฌ โซืืืกืืช ืืงืืืฆืช ืืืืงืืจืช (ืืืืื ืืืื)โช ,โฌืืืืืงืจ ืืฉื ื ื ืืฆื ืฉืืคืืจโฌ โซืืงืืืฆืช ืืจืืืืืืืืืื ืืืงืืืฆื ืืืขืืจืืชโช ,โฌืื ืื ืืงืืืฆื ืฉืงืืืืโฌ โซืืืคืืจืืื ืืืืโช .โฌื ืืฆืื ืืจืืื ืืจืืช ืโ โช ALTโฌืืืชื ืืืคืืจืืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืฉืืืืฉ ืืืืคืืจืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืฉืืคืืจ ืืืกืืืืืืโช ,โฌืื ืื ื ืจืืชื ืืจืืืโฌ โซืืืืื ืืืชืจ ืืจืืช ืืืืืืืืืื ืืืกืืืจ ืืืจืืช ืืกืืืจ ืืฆืื ืืขืืืชโฌ
โซืคืืืืืืืืืโช .โฌืืฆื ืืืืื ืฉืืืคืื ืืืืคืืจืืื ื ืจืืชื ืืจืืื ืงืื ืืืฉืงืโฌ โซืฉื โช 4.3โฌืง"ื ืขื โช 6.7โฌืง"ื ืืขืืืช ืืืืื ืฉืืืคืื ืืคืืืืืืืืืโช .โฌืืฉ ืืฆืืื ืืโฌ โซืืืขืืจ ืฉืืคืืจ ืืขืงืืืช ืืืคืื ืืืืคืืจืืื ื ืืืข ืืืืคื ืืืงื ืื ืืขืืืืโฌ โซืฉืืืืง ืืืืืงืจืื ืืฆืื ืฉื ืืืืืคืืื ืืืจืืข ืืืืงืืจืช ืืฉืชืคืจโฌ โซืืขืงืืืช ืืืืืโช.โฌโฌ
โซืืืืืืืืืื ืืืื ืืโฌ โซโช 2โฌืชืจืืคืืช ืืงืืืฆื ืื ื ืืืงื ืืกืงืืจื ืืืชืืืจืชโช .โฌืจืืืืืืืืืืโฌ โซ(โช )ROSIGLITAZONEโฌืืคืจืืืืืืืื (โช.)PROGLITAZONEโฌโฌ
โซืจืืืืืืืืืืโฌ โซืืืืงืจ ืโโช FLRITโฌืฉืชืืฆืืืชืื ืคืืจืกืื ืืคื ื ืืฉื ืโช ,โฌื ืืืง ืืชื ืจืืืืืืืืืืโฌ โซืืขืืืช ืคืืฆืื ืืงืจื โช 63โฌืืืืคืืื ืฉืกืืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ื ืืืฉื ืฉื ืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืฆื ืืืืคืืื ืฉืงืืืื ืจืืืืืืืืืื ื ืจืื ืฉืืคืืจ ืืจืืช ืืื ืืืืืโฌ โซืืืจืืืฉืืช ืืืื ืกืืืืโช ,โฌืื ืืฆืื ืืจืืื ืืืืืช ืืฉืืื ืืืืโช ,โฌืื ืื ืืโฌ โซืฉืื ืื ืืืจืืืืื ืืืืกืืืืืืืื ืืืืจืื (ืืืื ืืืงืช ืืฆืืงืช)โช .โฌื ืืกืฃโฌ โซืืืโช ,โฌืจืง ืืฆื ืืืืืืคืืื ืฉืงืืืื ืจืืืืืืืืืื ืืืืืโช .โฌืืืืงืจ ืืจืืโฌ โซืฉืืืคืื ืืืืืืืื ืื ืืื ืฉืื ืื ืืืืจื ืืืืื ืืื ื ืืขืื ืืื ืืืืคืื ืืืืโฌ โซืฉืืื ื ืฉืื ืขื ืจืงืข ืืืืืืืโช 53 .โฌืืืืคืืื ืืืฉืืื ืืืืงืจ ืฉื ืชืืืโฌ โซื ืืกืคืืช (ืืืงืจ โช .)FLIRT2โฌืืืืื ืฉื ืชืืื ืืื ืจืืช ืืืื ืกืืืื ืืืโฌ โซืืจืืช ืโโช ALTโฌืืจืืโช ,โฌืื ืื ืื ืฉืื ืื ืืฉืืขืืชื ืืืืื ืืืงืช ืืฆืืงืชโฌ โซืืืืกืืืืืืื ืืืืืชโช .โฌืืกืงื ืช ืืืืงืจืื ืืืืชื ืฉืืจืืืืืืืืืื ืืฉโฌ โซืืฉืคืขื ืขื ืืืจืืช ืจืืช ืืฉืืื ืืืื ืืฉื ื ืืจืืฉืื ืโช ,โฌืืื ืืชืจืืโฌ โซื ืืกืฃ ืืืืคืื ืืจืื ืืืืโช ,โฌืืืจืืช ื ืจืืื ืจืืช โช ALTโฌืืฉืืืจื ืขื ืจืืโฌ โซื ืืืื ืฉื ืืื ืกืืืืโช .โฌืขืืืื ืื ืจืืืืช ืฉืืืคืื ืืขืืืืืช ืืืื ืกืืืื ืืื ืโฌ โซืืกืคืืง ืขืืืจ ืืืืื ืืกืืืืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืโช .โฌืืฉ ืืฆืืื ืฉืืฉื ื ืืืืจืื ืโฌ โซื ืืกืจ ืืฉืืืืฉ ืืจืืืืืืืืืื ืืืืจืืคืโช.โฌโฌ
โซื ืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืืฆื ืืืฉืชืืฉ ืืืืคื ืฉืืจืชื ืืืืคืืจืืื ืืงืจืโฌ โซืืืืคืืื ืืกืืืืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ื ืืื ืกืืืจืชโช.โฌโฌ
โซโช18โฌโฌ
โซืืืคืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืโฌ
โซืืืคืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ื ืฉืื ืขื ืจืงืข ืืืืืืืโฌ โซืืืืฆืขืืช ืชืจืืคืืช ืืกืื โชINSULIN SENSITIZERโฌโฌ
โซืืจืคืืืโช | updateโฌืืงืจ ืืืืโฌ
โซืฉื ืืืืคืื ืืงืจื ืื ืืืื ืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืช โช Cโฌืืืจ ืคืืจืืโช .โฌืชืืคืขืืชโฌ โซืืืืื ืืื ืืชืืืืืช ืืขืชืื ืืฆืืจื ืืืืจื ืืืชืจ ืืฆื ืืืื ืืืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืืื ืืโืกืคืืงืช ืืืืืช ืกืืคื ืืช ืกืืืืื ืื ืืกืืืืืื ืืืืืืืืโช ,โฌืืืืืืืโฌ โซืืฆืงืช ืจืืืืชโช ,โฌืืืงืช ืงืจืื ืืืโช ,โฌืืชืจ ืืืฅโืื ืืืชื ื ืฉืืโช ,โฌืืืจืืขื ืืืโฌ โซืืืืืืืืโช ,โฌืคืจืืืกืื ืืคืืืคืืืืโช ,โฌืฉืืืืืช ืืืืื ืืืชืจ ืฉื ืืืืืืื ืืขืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืชืืื ืช ืืฆื ืื ืืืคืืช ืืช ืืืืคืื ืืงืืืฆืช ืืืืื ืื ืืืืขื ืืืชืโฌ โซืืคืฉืจืืช ืืืืื ื ืืขืฉืืชโช ,โฌืืืจืืื ืฉืืขืืจื ืืคืกืงืช ืืืืคืื ืืืืืืืโฌ โซืืกืืจืืช ืืฉืื ืืชโช.โฌโฌ โซืกืงืืจืชื ืฉื ื"ืจ ืฉืืืืืช ืขืกืงื ืืืืคืืืื ืืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืช โช Cโฌืืงืจืโฌ โซืืืื ืืโืกืคืืงืช ืืืืืช ืกืืคื ืืช ืืืืขืืืื ืืืฉืชืืช ืืืืโช ,โฌืืืืืคืืืืโฌ โซืืืืจ ืืืฉืชืืโช .โฌืืฉืื ืืืืืจ ืื ืืคืจืืงืืงืื ืืืงื ืืืคืจืืงืืืื ืืืงืโฌ โซืฉื ืืื ืืจืคืจืื ืืฆืืจืืชืื ืืฉื ืจืืืืืจืื ืฉืื ื ืืืงืจืื ืฉื ืืโืกืคืืงืชโฌ โซืืืืืช ืืฉื ืืืืืืืโช .โฌืืืฆืื ืฉืืขืืจื ืโโช ,SVRโฌืืืชืืคืืื ืื ืืฉืื ืืช ืจืืโฌ โซ(โช 15%โฌืขื โช )75%โฌืืกืืจืืช ืืฉืื ืืชโช ,โฌืืื ืืฉืืขืืจ ืืืืื ืฉื ืชืืคืขืืช ืืืืืืโฌ โซืืงืจื ืืืืื ืฉืืืคืื ืืืื ืืจืคืจืื ืจืืื ืื ืโโช Peg Interferonโฌืืืืคืืโฌ โซืืืืโช ,โฌืขื ืฉืืขืืจื ืืคืกืงืช ืืืคืื ืฉื โช 30%โฌืขื โช .50%โฌืืืืคืื ืืฉืืืโฌ โซืฉื โช Peg Interferonโฌืืจืืืืืจืื ืืืืื ืืโืกืคืืงืช ืืืืืช ืกืืคื ืืช ื ืฆืคืโฌ โซืฉืืขืืจื โช SVRโฌืฉื ืโโช ,56%โฌืืืื ืืืืงืจืื ืขืืืื ืืืฉืฉืื ืืืืืืฅ ืขืโฌ โซืืชื ืฉืืจืชื ืฉื ืฉืืืื ืืโช ,โฌืืขืืงืจ ืืฉื ืืืคืขืช ืื ืืื ืงืฉื ืืฆื ืืจืืขโฌ โซืืืืืืืโช ,โฌืื ืืืฉืจ ื ืขืฉื ืฉืืืืฉ ืืืื ืื ืื ื ืืืืื ืืืื ืฉื ืจืืืืืจืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืฉ ืืืืืจ ืื ืืืืืื ืฉื ืืืงื ืืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืช โช Cโฌืื ืืืื ืืกืืจืืชโฌ โซืืืืคืื ืื ืงืืืฆื ื ืืืจืช ืืืืโช :โฌืืจืืืชื ืืืืื ืืชืืช ืืืื โช 65โฌืืืโฌ โซืืืืืช ืจืงืข ืืฉืืขืืชืืืชโช ,โฌืืืขืืงืจ ืืื ืืืืืช ืงืจืืืืืกืงืืืืจืืืชโช.โฌโฌ โซืจืื ืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืขืืืื ืืืฉืชืืช ืืืืโช ,โฌืืืฆื ืืจืืืชื ืื ืืืืชืโฌ โซืขืืืช ืืฉืืืช ืืืืโช .โฌื"ืจ ืฉืืืืืช ืืืืืฉ ืืช ืืืฉืคืขื ืืฉืืืืืชโฌ โซืฉืืฉ ืืืืืื ืืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืช โช Cโฌืืงืจื ืืืฉืชืื ืืืื ืขื ืืืฉืจืืืชโฌ โซืืืงืื ืืืฉืชืโช .โฌืืืืื ืืื ืืฃ ืืขืื ืืช ืฉืืืืืช ืืชืคืชืืืชื ืฉืโฌ โซโช ,Glomeruloathyโฌืฉื ื ืคืจืืคืชืืืช ืืืจืืช ืืฉื ืกืืืจืช ืฉืืืืจ ืืฉืชืืโช.โฌโฌ โซื ืืกืฃ ืืืโช ,โฌืืฉืชืืช ืืืื ืืืืื ืืกืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืชโฌ โซโช Cโฌืขืืืื ืืืืืฉ ืืช ืืืืจืช ืืืืื ืืืืโช .โฌื ืชืื ืื ืืื ืื ืืืกืืกโฌ โซืืืืืฆื ืขื ืืืคืื ืืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืช โช Cโฌืืืืขืืืื ืืืฉืชืืช ืืืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืืืืขโช ,โฌืืฉ ืืชืืืืืช ื ืื ืืฉืืืืฉ ืืืื ืืจืคืจืื ืืงืจื ืืืฉืชืื ืืืื ืืฉืโฌ โซืขืืืื ืืฉืืืืืชื ืฉื ืืืืื ืืจืืคื ืฉื ืืฉืชื ืืืืคืืขื ืืฆื โช 15%โฌืขืโฌ โซโช 64%โฌืืืืืฉืชืืื ืืกืืจืืช ืืฉืื ืืชโช .โฌืืืื ืืืฉืจ ืืชืคืชืืช ืืืงืชโฌ โซืืื ืืจืืคืโช ,โฌืืืืืื ืืขืืืก ื ืืืคื ืืืื ืืืืโช ,โฌืืคื ืฉืงืืจื ืโโชFibrosingโฌโฌ โซโช ,Cholestatic Hepatitisโฌืืืคืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืจืคืจืื ืืื ืืคืฉืจืืช ืืืืคืืโฌ โซืืืืืื ืืืืื ืืฉืืขืืจื ืืฆืืื ืืกืืืืืโช .โฌืืื ืืืื ืืขื ืืื ืืืคืืืโฌ โซืืฉืื ื ืืืืจ ืขื ืืืคืื ืืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืช โช Cโฌืืืจืืงืืช ืืื ืืจืคืจืื ืจืืืโฌ โซืืื ืก ืฉื ืขืจื ืืฉื ืช โช ,2011โฌืืืฉืจ ืืขืช ืืชืืืช ืฉืืจืืช ืืื ืืืจ ืืืฉืจโฌ โซืฆืืจืืคื ืฉื ืชืืฉืืจืื ืคืืืืื ืืืฉืคืืช ืโโชDirect Acting Anti-viralsโฌโฌ โซื (โช )DAAโฌืืกืโืืชืจืืคืืชโช.โฌโฌ โซืืื ื ืืืขืื ืืืจืืืืช ืืงืจื ืืืืื ืืโืกืคืืงืช ืืืืืช ืกืืคื ืืช ืืืโฌ โซืืืืื ืืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืช โช ,Cโฌืืืื ืฉืืขืืจ ืืืื ืืืืืืืื ืื ืืืงืืโฌ โซืืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืช โช Bโฌืืื ื ืื ืื ืืืโช ,โฌืืขืืงืจ ืืงืจื ืืืืื ืืืืืโฌ โซืืืืื ืืช ืืชืคืชืืืช (ืโโช 10%โฌืืืืื ืืืืืืืื)โช .โฌืืืืื ืืืืขื ืฉืโฌ โซืืืืื ืืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืช โช Bโฌืืื ื ืืจืืจ ืื ืฆืืจืื ืืืืืื ืืฉืืื ืืืืงืชโฌ โซืืื ื ืืืคืืช โช Cโฌืื ืโโช ,HIVโฌืฉืงืืจื ืืขืชืื ืื ื ืืืจืืชโช ,โฌืืืื ืืืืื ืืฉื ืืชโฌ โซืืืื ืืโช .โฌืืืื ืืืืืืื ืฆืคืืืื ืืกืืื ืืชืืืืื ืืืชืืืชื ืืฉืืขืืจืืโฌ
โซโช17โฌโฌ
โซืืจืฅ โช2012โฌโฌ
โซืืืืข ืื ืืงืจื ืืืื ืืึพืกืคืืงืช ืืืืืช ืกืืคื ืืช ืืืืืืืื ื ืฆืคืืชโฌ โซืจืืืช ืืืื ืืืจื ืกืคืจืืืช โื ืืืืืช" ืืืกืืชโช ,โฌืื ืืืงืจืื ืฉื ืืืืืชโฌ โซืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืจืื ื ืืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืชโช.โฌโฌ โซืคืจืืค' โช Angeliโฌืืืืืฉ ืืช ืืฉืืืืช ืืืจืืื ืืชืคืืงืช ืืื ืืคืชืืื ืืโฌ โซืฉื ืืชืกืืื ืช ืืืคืืืจื ืืืชโช ,โฌืืขืืงืจ ึพืึพโช HRSโฌืื ืืจื ืืชืืฆืื ืืคืจ๏ฟฝืโฌ โซืืื ืืืืก ืืืืืงืืช ืจืืฉืื ืืช ืื ืืืืืื ืืืจโช .โฌืืืจืืื ืืชืคืืงืชโฌ โซืืื ืืื ืชืืฆืื ืฉื ืฉืืืื ืืื ืืจืืื ืืืืืจ ืืืืจืืื ืื ืืืโฌ โซืืืื ืืจืืื ืืืืฉืจ ืืืชืืืืฆืืช ืฉื ืฉืจืืจ ืืืโฌ
โซืืืืืื ืืืชืจ ืืืฉืืขืืจืื ืืืืืืืกืืื ืืืืืืชโช ,โฌืืื ืืืจืืืช ืืืืงืจืืโฌ โซืฉืขืกืงื ืื ืืฉื (ืจืืื ืืืืื ืจืืจืืกืคืงืืืืืื)โช ,โฌืื ื ืฆืคืชื ืขืืืืโฌ โซืืฉืืขืืชืืช ืืชืืืชื ืฉื ืืืื ืืโืกืคืืงืช ืืืื ืกืืคื ืืช ืืืืืืืื ืืฉืโฌ โซืืืฉืชืื ืืืื ืฉื ืืืงื ืืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืช โช ,Bโฌืืขืืืช ืืื ืืื ืืืืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืคืฉืจืืืืช ืืืืคืื ืืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืช โช Bโฌืจืืืช ืืืชืจโช ,โฌืืืืืืืช ืืืืืขโฌ โซืืื โช ,Nucleos(t)ide Analoguesโฌืื ืืืืืข ืืงืืื ืืืืื ื ืืืื ืืืคืืโฌ โซืืืืืืืกืืืช ืืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืื ืืืืืงื ืืืืคืื ืโโช Lamivudineโฌืืืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืฉ ืืืืืจ ืื ืืชื ืืชืจืืคืืช ืฆืจืื ืืืืืช ืืืชืื ืืชืคืงืื ืืืืืืชโช,โฌโฌ โซืืืืืื ืืืืืืื ืืื ื ืืชื ืืืืจ ืืืคืื ืืืืืืืื โช 3โฌืคืขืืื ืืฉืืืขโช.โฌโฌ โซืงืืืืช ืืืืฆื ืื ืืฉืืขืืช ืืืคื ืืืืืื ืืืืชืื ืื ืืืฉืชืืช ืืืืโฌ โซืืกืืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืช โช Bโฌืืขืืืช ืืจืคืืงืฆืืโช .โฌืืขืืืช ืืืชโช,โฌโฌ โซืืืื ืืืืื ืืืืืคืืื ืืืืืืืื ืืืื ื ืืืขืืืื ืืืฉืชืืโช ,โฌืืืืืืโฌ โซืฆืจืืื ืืืชืงืื ืขื ืคื ืฉืืงืืื ืกืืืืโช/โฌืชืืขืืช ืขืืืจ ืื ืืืืโช .โฌืืืโฌ โซืืฉืืงืืืื ืืฉ ืืื ืืช ืคืืืขื ืคืืื ืฆืืืืืช ืืืืืืช ืืชืืฆืื ืืืฉืืืืฉโฌ โซืืชืจืืคืืช ืืืืคืขืช ืขืืืืืช ืฉื ืื ืืืฃ ืืืืคืื ืืฆื ืืืโช ,โฌืืืืจืืชโฌ โซืฉืืขืืจื ืืืขืืจื ืฉื ืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืช โช Bโฌืืชืื ืืืืืืช ืืืืืืืืโฌ โซืืฆื ืฉื ืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืืืื ืืช ืืืืืืืช ืฉื ืชืจืืืืช ืืืื ืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืืจืชโฌ โซืื ืืกืืื ืืช ืืืจืืื ืืช ืืืืจ ืืชืืจืืื ืขืโืืื ืฉืืืืฉ ืืชืจืืืืช ืื ืฉืืโฌ โซ)โช Hepatitis B Core Antibodies (HBcAb+โฌืืื ืฉืื ืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืชโฌ โซโช Cโฌืขืืืจ ืืงืืืื ืืกืืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืช โช .Cโฌืื ืืืืืจโฌ โซืืชืจืืืืช ืืืื ืื ืฉืื โช HBcAb+โฌืืืงืืืื ืฉืื โช HBcAb+โฌืื โชHBcAb-โฌโฌ โซโช ,HBsAg+โฌืื โช ,HBsAg+โฌืืคืฉืจ ืืื ืืข ืืืฉื ืืช ืื ืืืคืขื ืฉื ืืืืืโฌ โซืืืคืืืืืก โช Bโฌืืืืฆืขืืช โช Lamivudineโฌืื โชNucleos(t)ide Analoguesโฌโฌ โซืืืจืืโช .โฌืืืงืจืื ืืกืืืืื ืจืฆืื ืืฃ ืื ืกืืช ืืืกื ืืช ืืืงืืืื ืืคื ืโฌ โซืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืช โช Bโฌืืฉื ื ืืืืจ ืืืฉืชืืโช .โฌืชืจืืืช ืืืื ืืชืืจืโฌ โซืืืืื ืืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืช โช Cโฌืืืงืื ืืืืื ืืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืช โช,Cโฌโฌ โซืืื ื ืืฉืคืืขื ืขื ืืืฉืจืืืช ืืืงืื ืื ืืฉืชืโช ,โฌืื ืืขืื ืืช ืืกืืืืโฌ โซืืืืคืขืช ืืโืกืคืืงืช ืืื ืืืืจ ืืืฉืชืืโช .โฌืืื ืืฉ ืฆืืจื ืืืืืจ ืืืืโฌ โซืืช ืืืงืืืื ืืืืืื ืข ืืืฉื ืืืชื ืชืจืืื ืื ืฉื ืืคืืืืืก โช Cโฌืืืงืืโฌ โซืขื โช RNAโฌืฉืืืืโช ,โฌืืื ืืืงืคืื ืืืชืืื ืืช ืืื ืืืืค ืฉื ืืชืืจื ืืื ืฉืโฌ โซืืืงืืโช.โฌโฌ
โซืืกืืืืโฌ โซืืืจืื ื ืืื ืก ืืฉืชื ืืืืจืืช ืืืงืฆืืขืืืช ืจืืืืื ืืฉืืืื ืขื ืืจืืืโฌ โซืื ืืืื ืืื ืกโช .โฌืืื ืก ืืื ืืงืืฃ ืืืืื ืช ืืืืื ืื ืืฉืืื ืืโช ,โฌืืื ืืฉืืืโฌ โซืืืฆืื ืืจืื ืืืืื ืืืืชืจโช .โฌืื ื ืืฆืคื ืืื ืกืื ืืืฉืืชืคืื ืืืืืโฌ โซืื ืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืืจืืโช.โฌโฌ
โซืืจืฅ โช2012โฌโฌ
โซืืช ืคืจืง ืืฉืคืขืช ืืืื ืขื ืืืืื ืกืืื ืคืจืืคืกืืจ ืกืืงืืืจโช .โฌืืืโฌ โซืขืื ืืจืืฉ ืืขืื ืฉืืืืฉื ืืช ืืื ืืืืช ืืืฉืจืืืืืช ืืืืคืื ืืืืืโฌ โซืฉืืืช ืืกืืืืื ืืืืืืชโช ,โฌืคืจืืืื ืืืืก ืืืืืงืืช ืจืืฉืื ืืช ืืชืกืืื ืชโฌ โซืืคืืืจื ืืืชโช .โฌืืช ืืืืืฆืืช ืืืืืื ื ืืชื ืืืฆืื ืืืชืจ ืืืืจืโฌ โซืืืฉืจืืืืช ืืืงืจ ืืืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืืืข ืื ืืงืจื ืืืื ืืโืกืคืืงืช ืืืืืช ืกืืคื ืืช ืืืืืืืื ื ืฆืคืืช ืจืืืชโฌ โซืืืื ืืืจื ืกืคืจืืืช ( โชโ )Aminotransferaseโฌื ืืืืืช" ืืืกืืชโช ,โฌืื ืืโฌ โซืืืืืคืืื ืกืืืืื ืืืืืืช ืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืจืื ื ืืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืชโฌ โซ(ืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืช)โช .โฌื"ืจ ืืืืโืืื ื ืกืืืื ืืช ืืกืคืจืืช ืื ืืืข ืืจืืชโฌ โซืืืืื ืืืจื ืกืคืจืืืช ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืืจืื ืืงืจื ืืืื ืืโืกืคืืงืช ืืืืืชโฌ โซืกืืคื ืืช ืืืืืืืืโช .โฌื ืกืงืจื ืืืคืฉืจืืืืช ืืคืชืืื ืืืืช ืืฉืื ืืช ืืืื ืืฉืคืขืชโฌ โซืจืขืื ืืืจืื (โช )Uremic Toxinโฌืืืืกืจ ืืืืืืืื โช ,B6โฌืืืขืืงืจ ืืืืืืืืชโฌ โซืืคืขืื ืฉืื โช ,Pyridoxal-5-phosphateโฌืขื ืจืืช ืืืืื ืืืจื ืกืคืจืืืชโช.โฌโฌ โซืจืืืช โช ALTโฌืโโช ASTโฌื ืืืืืช ืืงืจื ืืืื ืืโืกืคืืงืช ืืืืืช ืกืืคื ืืช ืืืืืืืืโฌ โซืืืืืืืช ืืืจืื ืฉื โืขืจืื ืื ืืจืื" ืฉื ืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืคืฉืจโฌ โซืืืขืืืช ืืช ืืจืืืฉืืช ืืืืืื ืืืืืช ืืื ืืืขืืงืจ ืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืชโช.โฌโฌ โซืืืฆืื ืื ืชืฆืคืืช ืืขื ืืื ืชโช ,โฌืฉืขื ืคืื ืขืืืื ืืจืืช ืืื ืืื โชGamma-โฌโฌ โซโช (ฮณ-GGT) Glutamyl Transpeptidaseโฌืืื ืกืื ืืืง ืืืืชื ืชืืื ืืชืืืชืโฌ โซืืืืืช ืืงืจืืืืืกืงืืืืจืืช ืืงืจื ืืืื ืืืืืืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืช ืืืงื ืืฉื ื ืฉื ืืื ืก ืคืชื ืคืจืืคืกืืจ โช Fabriziโฌืืืืื ื ืืืืืืโช,โฌโฌ โซืืืืืืื ืืืืงืจ ืืชืืื ืืโืกืคืืงืช ืืืืืช ืกืืคื ืืช ืืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืชโฌ โซโช Bโฌืโโช .Cโฌืืืจืฆืืชื ืืจืืฉืื ื ืืฆืื ืืช ืืงืฉืจ ืืื ืืืืื ืืืคืืืืืก โชCโฌโฌ โซืืืืืช ืืืื ืจืืฉืื ืืช (โช,)Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritisโฌโฌ โซืืช ืฉืืืืืชืโช ,โฌืืช ืืจืื ืืืืื ื ืืืช ืฆืืจืืช ืืืืคืื ืืฉืื ืืช ืืโช .โฌืืืืืขโช,โฌโฌ โซืืืื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืืืืื ืฉื ืงืจืืืืืืืืืืื ืืื โชEssential Mixed -โฌโฌ โซโช .Cryoglobulinemiaโฌืืืจืฆืื ืืฉืืืื ืกืงืจ ืคืจืืคืกืืจ ืฆืืงืจืื ืืชโฌ โซืืจืฆืฃ ืฉืื ืขื ืืืืงืช ืืืืคืืฆืืืื ืืกืื โช Bโฌืืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืช โชCโฌโฌ
โซืืืชืืืืก ืืืืืกืืช ืืืงืื ืฉื ืืขืจืืช ืืืืกืื ืขื ืฉืืฉืื ืฉื ืืืืคืืฆืืืืโฌ โซืืกืื โช ,Bโฌืฉืืคืจืืฉืื ืงืจืืืืืืืืืืื ืืโช .โฌืืืืฉื ืชืืชืื ืืืคืขืชโฌ โซืืชืืจืืช ืื ืืืืชโช ,โฌืืขืืืืืชโช ,โฌืืขืชืื ืจืืืงืืชโช ,โฌืืืืืื ืืืืคืขืช ืืืืืชโฌ โซืืืืคืืคืจืืืืคืจืืืืืืชโช .โฌืืงืจืืืืืืืืืืื ืื ืฉืืงืขืื ืืฆืืจืช ืืืืืืืโฌ โซืืืกืื ืืื ืขื ืโ โช RNAโฌืื ืืืคื ืืืืงืืงืื ืืืจืื ืฉื ืื ืืืฃ ืืืืคื ืืชโฌ โซืืื ืืโช .โฌืืฆื ืืืง ืืืืืืื ืืืืื ืฉืงืืขื ืื ืืชืืคืขืืช ืงืืื ืืืชโฌ โซืจืโืืขืจืืชืืืช ืฉื ืืกืงืืืืืืกโช .โฌืชืืคืขืืช ืืื ืืืืืืช ื ืืขืื ืืขืืจโฌ โซืืืื โช ,Reynaud syndromeโฌืืืืื ืงืฉืืโช ,โฌืืืงืช ืืคืจืงืืโช ,โฌื ืืืจืืคืชืืโฌ โซืคืจืืคืจืืช ืืขืืโช .โฌืืืืืจโช ,โฌืืคืืืขื ืืืืืืชืืช ืืชืืืืช ืืืจืืืช ืืืงืจืืโฌ โซืโโช.Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritisโฌโฌ โซืืืจืฆืื ืืืฆืื ืฉื ื ืืืืืื ืื ืืขืืงืจืืื ืืืืคืื ืืืืื ืืโช :โฌืืจืืฉืืโฌ โซืืื ืืืคืื ืืืืืื ืืืืืื โช -โฌืืืืื ื ื ืืกืืื ืืกืืง ืืช ืืืคืืืืืก โช.Cโฌโฌ โซืืงืจื ืืืืื ืฉืืฉืืื ืชืืืื ื ืืืคืืช ืืืฉืืืช โชSVR -โฌื (โชSustained Viralโฌโฌ โซโช ,)Responseโฌื ืฆืคืชื ืื ืชืืืื ืงืืื ืืช ืฉื ืืงืจืืืืืืืืืืื ืืืโช .โฌืขืโฌ โซืืืชโช ,โฌืื ืชืืื ื ืืฆื ืืชืื ืืื ืืคืืืช ืืืืื ืืืื ืกืืืืง ืื ืืืฃโช.โฌโฌ โซืืฉ ืืืืืจ ืื ืืฉ ืืงืื ืืืืคืื ืืื ืืโื ืืืคื ืจืง ืืืืื ืงืื ืขืโฌ โซืืื ืื ืืชโช .โฌืืืืื ืคืขืืื ืฉื ื ืืื ืืืคืื ืืฉืืฉืื ืืืืืคืืฆืืืื ืืกืื โช,Bโฌโฌ โซืืชืจืืคืช ืืืืืจื ืืื โช ,Retuximabโฌื ืืืื ืืโืฉืืื ืืืืืคืืฆืืืื ืืกืืโฌ โซโช .Monoclonal Anti-CD20 - Bโฌืืืืคืื ืโโช Retuximabโฌืืืฉืืจืื ืฉืื ืืโฌ โซื ืฆืคืชื ืชืืืื ืงืืื ืืช ืืฉืืขืืจ ืฉื โช 50%โฌืขื โช 85%โฌืืืชืื ืืฆืืจืืชโฌ โซืืืชืืืืืช ืืฉืื ืืช ืฉื ืืงืจืืืืืืืืืืื ืืืโช ,โฌืืืื ืืืงืจืื ืฉื ืคืืืขืโฌ โซื ืืืจืืืืืืช ืืืืืืชืืชโช ,โฌืื ืืฉืืื ืืขืืืืื ืืืืคืืโช .โฌืืฉ ืืืืืจ ืื ืืคืืืชโฌ โซืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืชืจืืฉ ืืืืฉืื ืจืืื ืืืืจ ืืืืคืืโช ,โฌืืื ืืฉ ื ืืืืโฌ โซืืืืฉื ืืช ืืืืืโช .โฌืืฉื ื ืืืื ืืขืืืื ืืขืืืก ืื ืืืคื ืฉื ืืืงืช ืืืโฌ โซื ืืืคืืช โช Cโฌืืงืจื ืืืืื ืืืืืืื ืืืืคืืโช ,โฌืืืืืฅ ืืฉืื ืืช ืืชื ืโโฌ โซโช Retuximabโฌืืืืคืื ื ืื ืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืช โช Cโฌืขื โช Peg Interferonโฌืืขืโฌ โซืจืืืืืจืืโช .โฌืืฉ ืืืืืืฉ ืื ืืืืคืื ืโโช Retuximabโฌืืขืื ืืืงืจืื ืฉื ืืืืโฌ โซืืื ืื ืืช ืืฆืืืโช ,โฌืืืืื ืืืงืจืื ืืืืจืื ืืืชืจ ืืืื ืืืื ืืืืืชืืช ืืืืจืชโฌ โซืืฉ ืื ืงืื ืืืืฆืขื ืืืคืื ืืืจืืโช.โฌโฌ โซื"ืจ ืจืืื ืืืืืงืชื ืฉื ืคืจืืคืกืืจ ืกืืงืืืจ ืืฆืืื ืคืจืฉืช ืืงืจืโฌ โซืืืชืืจืช ืฉื ืืืื ืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืช โช Cโฌืฉืคืืชื ืชืกืืื ืช ื ืคืจืืืืชโฌ โซืืื ืืืืื ืืืืคืื ืืืงืืื ืืืืืชืโช .โฌืืงืจื ืื ืืืืื ืฉืื ืขื ืืืโฌ โซืืฉืื โืืืฉืื ืืืืฅ ืืงืืคืกื" ืืืฉืจ ืืืคืืื ืืชืจืืคืืชโช.โฌโฌ โซืืืืื ืืื ืก ื ืขืจื ืขืืืืช ืืื ื"ืจ ืงืจืืืโช ,โฌื ืคืจืืืืืืช ืฉืืฉืืืชืโฌ โซืืืืชื ืืืืืช ืคืจืงืืืืช ืืืืคืื ืืื ืืโื ืืืคื ืืืืื ืืโืกืคืืงืช ืืืืืชโฌ โซืกืืคื ืืช ืืืืืืืื ืืืื ืืืชืื ืืื ืฉืืฆืื ืขืืื ืืคืืืโช .โฌืืืืื ืืชืืกืกโฌ โซืืขืืงืจ ืขื ืืืืฆืืช ืโโชKDIGO - Kidney Disease Improving Globalโฌโฌ โซโช ,Outcome1โฌืืื ืขื ืืืืจืื ืืืฉื ื ืืืืจืื ืโช .โฌืืฆืขืจื ืโช ,โฌืืกืื ืื ืืืโฌ โซืขืืืื ืืืกืืก ืืืงืืฃ ืืืืื ืืืืืืืช ืขื ืืืคืื ืืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืช โชCโฌโฌ โซืืงืจื ืืืื ืืโืกืคืืงืช ืืืืืช ืกืืคื ืืชโช .โฌืืกืงืืจืชื ืืืงืคืช ืฉื ื"ืจ ืงืจืืืโฌ โซื ืืชื ืืื ืืืชืจืฉื ืื ืืื ืชืืืื ืืืงืจืืช ืืกืคืงืช ืืืืืฆื ืืืจืคืชโฌ โซืืืคื ืืื ืืืื ืืโืกืคืืงืช ืืืืืืช ืืกืืคื ืืช ืฉื ืืืงื ืืืืงืช ืืืโฌ โซื ืืืคืืช โช ,Cโฌืืืืช ืฉืืืืคืื ืืจืื ืืชืืคืขืืช ืืืืื ืืฉืืขืืชืืืช ืืืื ื ืืฉืคืจโฌ โซืืช ืืฆื ืืชืืืืื ืืืช ืฉืืขืืจ ืืชืืืชื ืืงืจื ืืืืื ืืืโช .โฌืขื ืืืชโช,โฌโฌ โซืืฆื ืืืืื ืืืืขืืืื ืืืฉืชืืช ืืืืืชโช ,โฌืจืืื ืื ืืืขืฉื ืืืืฅ ืืกืืืืงโฌ โซืื ืืืฃโช ,โฌืฉืื ืืืื ืื ืกืืืืงื ืืฉืคืจ ืืช ืืืฉืจืืืช ืืืืื ืืืฉืชืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืขืืืชืโช ,โฌืืืชืื ืืื ืืืฆื ืขืืื ืืืชื ืืืช ืืืืคืื ืืืืืื ืืืโฌ โซืืืื ืืจืคืจืื ืืืจืืืืืจืืโช .โฌืืืฉืงืคื ืืชืืกืกืช ืขื ืฉืืขืืจื ืืชืืืืืโฌ โซืืืชืืืชื ืืืฉืืขืืชืืื ืฉื ืืืื ืืโืกืคืืงืช ืืืืืช ืกืืคื ืืช ืืืืืืืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืจืืืช ืืงืจื ืืชืืืืื ืืืชืืืชื ืืฉื ืืื ืืกืืืืืื ืงืจืืืืืกืงืืืืจืืืโช,โฌโฌ โซืืืืขืืื ืืืื ืืฉื ืืื ืืืืืช ืืื ืืชืงืืืชโช .โฌืชืืคืขืืช ืืืืืื ืืงืฉืืชโฌ โซโช1โฌืคืืจืกืื ืึพโช)Suppl. 109: S20-S45 Kidney International( 73 ;2008โฌโฌ
โซโช16โฌโฌ
โซืขืืืื ืื ืืจืฉืืื ืืืื ืกโฌ
โซืงืฉื ืืโช .โฌืืืื ืืืงืจืื ื ืืฆื ื ืืง ืืืืืืืืช ืืืืื (โช)Tubular Injuryโฌโฌ โซืืงืจื ืืืืื ืืกืืืืื ืืชืกืืื ืช ืืคืืืจื ืืืชโช ,โฌืืืืื ืโช ,โฌืืืืื ืกืืืืชโฌ โซืื ืืง ืฉืืื ื ืชืคืงืืื ืืืื ืืขืืืื ืืคืชื ืคืืืขื ืืืืืช โชAcute Tubularโฌโฌ โซโช (ATN) Necrosisโฌืฉืืื ื ืืคืืืโช .โฌืืืืฆืืื ืืื ืืฉืืืืช ืขื ืืฆืืจืโฌ โซืืืืฆืืข ืืฉืชืื ืืฉืืืืช ืฉื ืืื ืืืืื ืืงืจื ืืืืื ืืืืืช ืืืโฌ โซืกืืคื ืืชโช.โฌโฌ โซื ืืฉื ืื ื ืกืงืจ ืืืชืจ ืืจืืื ืขืโืืื ื"ืจ ืืจืืืโช .โฌืืโืกืคืืงืช ืืืืืชโฌ โซืืงืจื ืืืขืืืื ืืืฉืชืืช ืืื ืืจืืื ืืืจืืื ืืืืฉืจืืืช ืฉื ืืืืฉืชืโฌ โซืืฉื ืืฉืชืโช ,โฌืืืืืื ืื ืืฉืืขืืจืื ืืืืืื ืฉื ืืโืกืคืืงืช ืืืืืช ืืืืจโฌ โซืืืฉืชืืโช .โฌืืฆื ืืืืื ืืืืืคืืื ืืืืืืืื ืืฉื โช ,AKIโฌืืฉืชืื ืืฉืืืืชโฌ โซืฉื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืฉืจืืืช ืืืืื ืืืชืจ ืืืฉืจ ืืฉืชืืช ืืืโฌ โซืืืืโช .โฌืืืโช ,โฌืืคื ืืืืืฆืืช ืืืงืืืืืชโช ,โฌืืืขืืืื ืืืฉืชืืช ืืื ืขืโฌ โซืงืจืืืืื ืื ืืืื ืโโช 2โฌื"ื ืื"ื ืืืืืคืืื ืืืืืืืื ืืืฉื โช 8โฌืฉืืืขืืชโฌ โซืืืืชืจโช ,โฌืฆืจืืืื ืืขืืืจ ืืฉืชืืช ืืื ืืืืื ืืฉืืืืชโช .โฌืืืขืืืื ืืืืงืืโฌ โซืืืโืกืคืืงืช ืืืืืช ืืจืื ืืช ืขื ืงืฆื ืกืื ืื ืคืงืขืืชื ( โชGlomerularโฌโฌ โซโช )Filtration Rate - GFRโฌืื ืืื ืโโช 30โฌื"ื ืืืงืโช ,โฌืืงืืงืื ืืฃ ืืโฌ โซืืืฉืชืื ืืฉืืืืชโช .โฌืืืืขืืืื ืืืฉืชืื ืฉืโโช GFRโฌืฉืืื ื ืข ืืื โช30โฌโฌ โซืโโช 60โฌื"ื ืืืงื ื ืืืฆื ืืขืจืื ืืืืงืืงืชโช ,โฌืืืืืืช ืืืืคืกืืืช ืืืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืืืืคืกืื ืืืคืฉืจืช ืืืื ื ืืืืืงืช ืืืฉืจ ืืชืขืืจืจ ืืฉื ืืืืืชโฌ โซืืืื ืจืืฉืื ืืชโช ,โฌืื ืืืฉืจ ืืฉ ืืโืืืืืช ืืืฉืจ ืืืืืืช ืืฉืืคืืจ ืืชืคืงืืโฌ โซืืืืืืช ืืืืจ ืืฉืชืืช ืืืืโช .โฌืืืฆืืื ืฉื โช Interstitial Fibrosisโฌืืขืโฌ โซโช 30%โฌืโโช Glomerular Sclerosisโฌืืขื โช 30%โฌืืืืืคืกืืโช ,โฌืื ืืืจืื ืืืฉืชืืโฌ โซืืฉืืืืชโช.โฌโฌ
โซืืงืจ ืืืื | โชupdateโฌืืจืคืืืโฌ
โซืืจืคืืืโช | updateโฌืืงืจ ืืืืโฌ
โซืืจืฅ โช2012โฌโฌ
โซืขืืืื ืื ืืืืืืช ืืืโฌ โซืจืฉืืื ืืืื ืก ืืืึพืืืื ืฉื ืืืืจื ืืืฉืจืืืืช ืืืงืจ ืืืื ืืฉืืชืืฃ ืขืโฌ โซืืืืืื ืืืฉืจืืื ืื ืคืจืืืืืื โชโ -โฌืืืื ืคืืืฉ ืืช ืืืืื" โช 6 -โฌืืกืคืืืืจ โช2011โฌโฌ โซืืขืงื ืืืืจโฌ โซืจืืคื ืืืืจ ืืืืื ืืืืืืช ืืจืื ืืขืืืื ืืืืืโช ,โฌืฉืืืโช ,โฌืชื ืืฉืืืจโฌ
โซืโฌ
โซืืืืฉ ืกืคืืืืจ ืืืืจืื ืืชืงืืื ืื ืก ืืโืืืื ืฉื ืืืืจืโฌ โซืืืฉืจืืืืช ืืืืืืช ืืื ืืืชืืื ืช ืฉืืืืืช ืืืืคืืชโฌ โซืงืืืขืโช .โฌืืื ืกืื ืืื ืืืฆืืื ืืืืืืื ืืืืืืช ืืืโฌ โซืืืืกืืจืืื ืืจืืืืืื ืืืจืืข ืืืืืช ืฉืืื ืืืืฆืจืื ืงืฉืจ ืืืชื ืืืฆืขืโฌ โซืขื ืืืืืื ืืชืืืืื ืืืจืืโช ,โฌืืืฉืืงืื ืืืขืชืื ืืฃ ืืืคืคืื ืืืืืืชโฌ โซืืืื ืืืจืื ืืืจื ืืฉืื ืืชโช .โฌืื ืกืื ืืื ืืชืงืืื ืขื ืื ืืืืื ืจืืโช,โฌโฌ โซืฉืื ื ืงืืืืช ืืืฉืงืคื ืฉื ืืืืืื ืืชืืืืื ืืืจืื ืืขืฉืืจืืช ืื ืืชโฌ โซืืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืช ืืื ืืขืืกืงืื ืืฉืืื ืืจืคืืื ืืืืจืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืฉื ื ืืชืืงื ืืื ืก ืืงืฉืจ ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืืืืโช ,โฌืื ืืื ื ืืืจืืื ืฉืชืโฌ โซื ืงืืืืช ืืืฉืง ืขืืงืจืืืช ืืื ืืืขืจืืืชโช .โฌืืืืง ืืจืืฉืื ืฉื ืืื ืก ืขืกืงืโฌ โซืืืจืฆืืืช ืืงืฉืจโช ,โฌืืืืืจ ืืืคืืืืืืื ืืื ืคืจืืืืืืโช ,โฌืืื ืฉืืืช ืืืืโฌ โซืืืื ืืคืจืขื ืืชืคืงืื ืืืืืโช .โฌืืืงื ืืฉื ื ืฉื ืืืื ืืก ืขืกืง ืืืืฉื ืืืืืโฌ โซืืโืกืคืืงืช ืืืืืช ืกืืคื ืืช ืฉื ืืืงื ืืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืช โช Bโฌืโโช.Cโฌโฌ โซืืืชื ืืืืืื ื ืชืงืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืฉืืืช ืืชืงืืืช ืืืคืชืืืโฌ โซืืโืกืคืืงืช ืืืืืชโช .โฌืืืืื ืืกืืื ืืืคืจืขื ืืืืืืช ืืืจืื ืืืืคืืโฌ โซืืฉืื ืืช ืื ื ืืฉืืื ืืืืืโช,โฌโฌ โซืืืขืชืื ืื ืืงืืจ ืืืืืืงืโฌ โซืืืจืืื ืืชืคืืงืช ืืืโฌ โซืืขืืช ืืื ืืืืืื ืืฉื ืโฌ โซืืื ืชืืฆืื ืฉื ืฉืืืืโฌ โซื ืช ื ื ื ื ื โช .โฌื ืจ ืฆ ื ื ืช ื ื ืืื ืืจืืื ืืืืืจ ืืืืจืืืโฌ โซืฉื ืคืจืืคืกืืจ โชAngeliโฌโฌ โซืื ืืื ืืืจืืื ืืืืฉืจโฌ โซืฉืืืโฌ โซืืคืืืื ืืืืืืโช,โฌโฌ โซืืืชืืืืฆืืช ืฉื ืฉืจืืจ ืืืโฌ โซืืื ืืืืงืจืื ืืืืืืืืโฌ โซ(โช.)MyocardialContractilityโฌโฌ โซืืชืืืโช ,โฌืืฆืจื ืืกืืก ืืฉืืชืฃโฌ โซืืืืืืื ืืืขืืืโฌ โซืืฉืชื ืืืืจืืช ืืืงืฆืืขืืืชโฌ โซืืืืืื ืืจืืืโฌ โซืื ืืฉืืื ืืืืืโช :โฌืืืืจืืชโฌ โซืืืชืืืืฆืืช ืฉืจืืจ ืืืโฌ โซืืืกืืืืช ืืืฆืืืโฌ โซืืชืืืื ืฉื โชTNF-ฮฑโฌโฌ โซืืงืืื ืืื ืืฉืื ืืโช ,โฌืื ืืชโฌ โซืโโชInducible NOโฌื (โช)iNOSโฌโฌ โซืืชืฉืชืืช ืืืื ื ืขืืื ืืชโฌ โซืฉื ืืคืชืืคืืืืืืืืื ืฉื ืืืืช ืืืืืืช ืฉืืื ื ืกืืืืื ืืืื ืฉืืืชโฌ โซืืืืโช ,โฌืืืืกืืฃ ืืืืฉืืช ืืืืฉืืช ืืืืคืื ืืืืืืชโช ,โฌืืคืจืืืื ืืืืก ืืืืืงืืชโฌ โซืจืืฉืื ืืช โชSpontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis -โฌื ( โช )SBPโฌืืืชืกืืื ืชโฌ โซืืืคืืืจื ืืืช โชHepatorenal Syndrome -โฌื (โช .)HRSโฌืืืฉืืช ืืื ืืืืกืกืืชโฌ โซืขื ืืื ื ืื ืื ืื ืืชโช.โฌโฌ โซืืืจืฆืืืชืื ืฉื โช Angeliโฌืจืืื ืืืืืืจ ืืช ืืขื ืืื ืื ืืืืืโช :โฌืืืืื ืืืโฌ โซืื ืคืจืืืืืื ืืืืืจืื ื ืืง ืืจืืฃ ืืืืืืช (โช)Acute Kidney Injury - AKIโฌโฌ โซืืงืจื ืืืื ืืืืช ืืื ืกืืคื ืืช ืืืืคื ืฉืื ืโช .โฌืืขืืงืจ ื ืืืข ืืืืจ ืืืืืจืชโฌ โซืืืฆื ืืคื ืืืคืืืืืืืโช .โฌืืืืืจืชืโช ,โฌืคืืืขื ืืื ืืชืืืืช ืืขืจื ืืืืืโฌ โซืฉื ืงืจืืืืื ืื ืืขื ืโโช 1.5โฌื"ื ืื"ืโช .โฌืืขืืืช ืืืืืจืืช ืืืคืืืืืืืืชโช,โฌโฌ โซืฉืืืืฉ ืืืืืจืืช ืื ืคืจืืืืืืืช ืจืืืฉ ืืืชืจ ืืื ืื ืืื ืืืชืจ ืืช ืืชืืืชืโฌ
โซโช15โฌโฌ
โซืชืื โช 3โฌืืืืฉืืโช .โฌืืืโช ,โฌืจืฆืื ืฉืืืืจื ืืืฉืจืืืืช ืืืงืจ ืืืื ืชืืืฅโฌ โซืืืืจืืช ืืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืืง ื ืืื ืืืืจืฆืื ืืืงืืฉ ืืืื ืช ืชืคืงืื ืโ โชBacterialโฌโฌ โซโช Translocationโฌืฉื ืืืืืงืื ืืืื ืืืขื ืืงืฉืจืืืช ืืืืืคื ืืืื ืืจืืืชโฌ โซ( โช )Mesenteric Lymph Nodesโฌืืืชืืืืช ืกืืืืื ืฉืืืช ืืืืโช .โฌืืืโฌ โซืืกืื ืื ืืืืืคืืื ืืืืืื ืืขืืจ ืฉื ืืืืืงืื ืืืืขืืจ โช ,SBPโฌืืื ืืืืงืโฌ โซืืืืชืืจ โช DNAโฌืืืืืงื (โช )Bacterial DNAโฌืืกืจืื ืื ืื ืืื ืืืืืืชโช .โฌืืงืจืโฌ โซื ืืืงืื ืฉืืืชืจ ืืฆืื โช DNAโฌืืืืืงื ื ืฆืคื ืจืืืช ืืืืืืช ืืฉืืขืืชืืชโฌ โซืฉื ืื ืืืืืงืกืื ืื ( โช ,)Endotoxinsโฌืจืืืช ืืืืืืช ืืืชืจ ืืกืจืื ืืื ืืืโฌ โซืืืืืืช ืฉื ืฆืืืืงืื ืื ืืขืืืืโืืืงืช (โช)Proinflammatory Cytokinesโฌโฌ โซืืืื โช ,TNF-ฮฑโฌืืืืฆืืจ ืืืืืจ ืฉื ืืจืืืื ืืื ืื ืืืื โชNitric Oxideโฌื (โช)NOโฌโฌ โซืขืโืืื ืชืืื ืืืงืจืืคืืื ืืืื ืืฆืคืงโช ,โฌืืขืืืช ืืืืื ืฉืืฆืื ืื ืืืชืจโฌ โซโช DNAโฌืืืืืงืโช .โฌื ืืกืฃ ืืืโช ,โฌื ืืืืืช โช DNAโฌืืืืืงื ืืชืืคืืื ื ืืืคืจืขืืชโฌ โซืืืืืื ืืืืช ืืืืจืืช ืืืชืจ ืืืื ืืืฅโืื ืืืืฆืข ื ืืื ืืืชืจ ืืชื ืืืืชโฌ โซืกืืกืืืืช ื ืืืื ืืืชืจ ืฉื ืืืโืืืโช .โฌืืขืืืื ืืืงืืืช ืืืชืจโช ,โฌืฉืืโฌ โซืืืคืื ืืืื ืฉืืืช ืืืืืืช ืืื โช SBPโฌืโโช ,Norfloxacinโฌื ืจืืชื ืืจืืืโฌ โซืืฉืืขืืชืืช ืืจืืืช ืืื ืืืืืงืกืื ืื ืืคืืืื ืืขืืืื ืืงืืืื ืืชื ืืืืชโฌ โซืืื ืืื ืืขืืืช ืืขืจืืื ืืืกืืกืืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืืจืฆืืืชืื ืืืืืฉ ืคืจืืคืกืืจ โช Angeliโฌืืช ืืฉืืขืืช ืืืจืืื ืืชืคืืงืชโฌ โซืืื ืืคืชืืื ืื ืฉื ืืชืกืืื ืช ืืืคืืืจื ืืืชโช ,โฌืืขืืงืจ ืื ืื ื ืืจืืชโฌ โซืืชืืฆืื ืืคืจืืืื ืืืืก ืืืืืงืืช ืจืืฉืื ืืช ืื ืืืืืื ืืืจโช .โฌืืืจืืืโฌ โซืืชืคืืงืช ืืื ืืื ืชืืฆืื ืฉื ืฉืืืื ืืื ืืจืืื ืืืืืจ ืืืืจืืื ืื ืืืโฌ โซืืืจืืื ืืืืฉืจ ืืืชืืืืฆืืช ืฉื ืฉืจืืจ ืืื (โช.)MyocardialContractilityโฌโฌ โซืืืืืืื ืืืขืืื ืืืืืื ืืจืืื ืืืชืืืืฆืืช ืฉืจืืจ ืืื ืืชืืืื ืฉืโฌ โซโช TNF-ฮฑโฌืโ โชInducible NOโฌื ( โช .)iNOSโฌืืขื ืืื ืฉืืชื ืืืืืืืโช ,โฌืฉืืื ืืืงโฌ โซืืืืืคืื ืืืงืืื ืโโช ,HRSโฌืฉืืคืจ ืืช ืืชืืืืฆืืช ืฉืจืืจ ืืื ืืืืืืืโฌ โซืืืโช .โฌืฉืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืชืคืืงืช ืืื ื ืฆืคื ืืืงืจืื ืฉื ืชืกืืื ืชโฌ โซืืคืืืจื ืืืช ืื ืืื ืขืืืช ืืืืืื ืืืืโช .โฌืืืืืจโช ,โฌืืืชืื ืฉืืืจื ืกืืืงืฆืืโฌ โซืฉื ืืืืืงืื ืืฉ ืืฉืืืืช ืขื ืืคืชืืื ืื ืฉื ืืืคืจืขื ืืืืืืชโช.โฌโฌ โซืืืืคืื ืืืงืืื ืโ โช HRSโฌืืืื ืืชื ืชืืโืืจืืื ืฉื โชTerlipressinโฌโฌ โซืืื ืืช ืืืืจืืช ืืฉืืืื ืขื ืชืืืกืช ืืืืืืื ืชืืโืืจืืืืชโช .โฌืืฉืืจ ืืืคืืโฌ โซืื ืืืืื ืืฉืืคืืจ ืืชืคืงืื ืืืืืืช ืืฆื ืคืืืช ืืืืฆืืช ืืืืืคืืืโฌ โซืืืืโช .โฌืืืืจ ืืชืืืื ืืชืชโืืืืืืช ืืืืคืื ืืชืกืืื ืช ืืืคืืืจื ืืืชโช,โฌโฌ โซืืืืืฉ ืืฆืืจื ืืืฆืืืช ืืืจืืื ืืื ืืืื ืชืืืื ืืืืคืืโช .โฌืืืืงืจืืโฌ โซืฉืื ืื ื ืืฆืื ืืชืืื ืืื ืจืืช ืืืืืืจืืืืโช ,โฌืฉืืขืืจ ืขืืืืช ืโโช MAPโฌืชืืโฌ โซืืื ืืืคืื ืืจืืช ืืงืจืืืืื ืื ืืืกืืกืืช ืืืื ืืชืืืื ืืืืคืื ืืืงืืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืืกืชืื ืขื ื ืชืื ืื ืืื ืืืืืฉ ืืฆืืจื ืืืชืืืช ืืืืคืื ืโ โชHRSโฌโฌ โซืืืงืื ืืื ืื ืืชืโช .โฌืืืจืืช ืืืชืงืืืืช ืฉื ืขืฉืชื ืขื ืืโช ,โฌืืฉ ืฆืืจืโฌ โซืืืฆืื ืืืืื ื ืืกืคืื ืื ืืืื ืืชืืืืโช ,โฌืืืืืื ืฉื ืืจืฉืื ืืืคืืืื ื ืืกืคืืโฌ โซืืืื ืฉืืืืฉ ืืชืืฉืืจืื ืืื ืืืจืืคืืื ืืฉืืคืืจ ืืชืืืื ืืงืืืฆืช ืืืืืโฌ
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โซ ืืืจ ืืืโฌHCV -โซืืขืชืื ืืืืคืื ืโฌ โซืืืืื ืืกื ืืืจืืืืชโฌ
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โซืืจืคืืืโช | updateโฌืืงืจ ืืืืโฌ
โซืืกืจืื ืืืืโช .โฌืืืื โช BCLCโฌืืื ืืื ืืฉืื ืืืฉืื ืืชืืืืกืืช ืืืืืโฌ โซืืฆืโช/โฌืืืฆืืข ืฉื ืืืืืโช ,โฌืืืกืคืจ ืืงืฉืจืืืช ืืืืืืโช ,โฌืืชืกืืื ื ืกืจืืโฌ โซืืืชืคืงืื ืืืืโช ,โฌืืืืืืงื ื ืงืืขืช ืืฉืืืช ื ืืงืื โช .Child-Pughโฌืงืฉืโฌ โซืืืืื ืก"ื ืืฉืืืื ืืืงืืืื ืืืื ืื ื ืืจืฉ ืฆืืจืืฃ ืฉื ื ืืข ืืืืโช ,โฌืืโโฌ โซืชืกืืื ืโช ,โฌืฉืงืืืจื ืงืื ืโโช 2โฌืก"ืโช ,โฌืืื ืืจืืจืืชโช .โฌื ืืขืื ืงืื ืื ืืกืื ืืโฌ โซืืคืฉืจ ืืืจืืช ืืืืื ืืืจืืจืืโช ,โฌืืฉืืขืืจ ืืืืฉืจืืืช ืืืืื ืืืงืจืื ืืืโฌ โซืขืื ืขื โช .90%โฌืืงืจืืืจืืื ืื ืฉื ืืืืื ืืืคืฉืจืื ืืชืื ื ืืช ืฆืืจืชโฌ โซืืืืคืื ืืืืืืจ ืืช ืืืืืื ืืืชืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืจืืจืื ืื ืืืฉืชืืโช,โฌโฌ โซืืืชืื ืืืกืคืจ ืื ืืขืื ืืืืืืืโช .โฌืขืืืจ ืืืื ืก"ื ืืฉืื ืืืงืื ืืชืคืงืืโฌ โซืืืื ืฉืืืจ (โช Child-Pughโฌืฉื โช Aโฌืื โช )Bโฌืฉืืฉ ืืื ื ืืข ืืื ืืงืืืจ ืฉืโฌ โซืขื โช 5โฌืก"ื ืื ืขื ืฉืืืฉื ื ืืขืื ืฉืืงืืืจ ืืืจืื ืฉืืื โช 3โฌืก"ืโช ,โฌืืืคืืโฌ โซืืืืืจื ื ืงืืข ืขื ืคื ืชืคืงืื ืืืืโช ,โฌืืืืช ืืชืจ ืืืฅ ืคืืจืืื ืืืฆืืโฌ โซืืืืื ืฉื ืืืืื (ืืจืืืช ืืืื ืช ืงืืืื ืฉื ืืืืืช ืืืคื ืืืช ืืืจืืช)โช.โฌโฌ โซืืจืืชื ืืืจืืจืืืช ืืืฆืขืช ืืืืืื ืืื ืืชืจ ืืืฅ ืคืืจืืื ืฉื ืืฆื ืืฆืืโฌ โซื ืืข ืืืโช .โฌืืืืืืคืืโช ,โฌืืืืคืื ืืืืขืืฃ ืืืงืจืื ืืื ืืื ืืฉืชืืช ืืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืฉืืขืืจ ืืืืฉืจืืืช ืขื โช 5โฌืฉื ืื ืืืืื ืื ืขืืื ืขื โช .75%โฌืื ืืฉืชืืโฌ โซืืื ื ืืืื ืโช ,โฌืืืืฆืื ืืงืืืืช ื ืืฉืืช ืืืืคืื ืืืืืจืโช .โฌืืืื ืฉืืืชโฌ โซืืคืืฆืโช ,โฌืืื ืชืกืืื ื ืก"ื ืืืื ืคืืืฉื ืืืื ืืโช ,โฌืื ืขื ืก"ื ืืืื ืื ืจืโฌ โซืืืงืืโช ,โฌื ืืฉืืื ืืืืืื ืืฉืื ืืื ืื ืโช .โฌืขืืืจ ืืืืื ืืืโช ,โฌืืืืืืืืืืฆืืโฌ โซืืืืฉื ืขืืจืงืืช (โช )TACEโฌืืฉืคืจืช ืืช ืฉืืขืืจ ืืืืฉืจืืืช ืืืฉื ืฉื ืชืืืโฌ โซืโโช 25%โฌืืืฉืืืื ืืืืคืื ืฉืืจื ืโช .โฌืก"ื ืืืืืื ืืชืกืืื ืื ืงืืื ืืคืืืฉืโฌ โซืืืื ืื ืื ืืชืคืฉืืืช ืืืฅ ืืืืืช ืืืืืจ ืืืืื ืืฉืื ืืชืงืื ืืืืคืืโฌ โซืจืืืงืื ืืื ื ืืชืืื ืืืงืจืื ืืืโช .โฌืโโช TACEโฌืืืืืื ืืฉืืคืืจ ืืืืฉืจืืืชโฌ โซืืืงืจืื ื ืืืจืืโช ,โฌืืืืคืื ืืืืืจื ืืืืืื ืฉืืื ื ืืชืืืืื ืโโชTACEโฌโฌ โซืืื ืกืืจืคืื ืืโช .โฌืืฆื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืกืืคื ืืช ื ืจืืื ืื"ื ืชืกืืื ื ืก"ืโฌ โซืขื ืืโืกืคืืงืช ืืืโช ,โฌืืขืืจืืืช ืืื ืื ืื ืืชืคืฉืืืช ืืืฅ ืืืืืชโช .โฌืฉืืขืืจโฌ โซืืืืฉืจืืืช ืืฉื ื ืืงืจื ืืืืื ืกืืคื ืืื ืืื ื ืืื ืโโช ,10%โฌืืื ืื ื ืื ืืโฌ โซืืืืืื ืืืืคืืืื ืื "ืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืฉืชืืช ืืื ืืชืืจื ืืช ืืื ืืืคืื ืืืืจื ืืืืื ืก"ื ืืฉืืืชโฌ โซื ืืืจืืโช ,โฌืืืจืืื ืืกืืืื ื ืืื ืืืืฉื ืืช ืืืืืืโช .โฌืืืืื ืก"ื ืืขืื ืื ืขืโฌ โซืืงืจืืืจืืื ืื ืฉื ืืืืื ืืืฉืชืืโช ,โฌืฆืคืื ืฉืืขืืจ ืืืฉืจืืืช ืฉื โช85%โฌโฌ โซืืืจืืข ืฉื ืื ืืืจื ืืฉืชืื ืืกืืืื ืฉื โช 92%โฌืืฉืจืื ืืื ืืืจืช ืืืืืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืืืฉื ืืคื ืืงืจืืืจืืื ืื ืฉื ืืืืื ืืืืชื ืืืจืฆืืช ืืืจืืชโช ,โฌืืืืืฆืโฌ โซืขื ืืื ืโโชUnited Network for Organ Sharingโฌื (โช .)UNOSโฌืืืื ืืืขืืคืโฌ โซืืืฉืชืื ืืืจืฆืืช ืืืจืืช ืืชืืกืกืื ืขื ืฉืืืช โชModel for End-โฌโฌ โซโชStage Liver Diseaseโฌื (โช ,)MELDโฌืืืคืื ืืฉ ืืืฉื ืืช ืืจืืืช ืืกืจืืโฌ โซืฉื ืืืืืจืืืืโช ,โฌืฉื ืงืจืืืืื ืื ืืฉื โช INRโฌืืฉื ืืืืื ืืืืจืช ืืืืช ืืืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืจืโช ,โฌืฉืืื ืื ืืื ื ืืขืืื ืืฆื ืืืืื ืืกืืืืื ืื ืืก"ืโช .โฌืขื ืื ืืืืโฌ โซืก"ื ืืงืืืื ืชืืกืคืืช ื ืืงืืโช .โฌืืื ืืืืืฅ ืฉืืืช ื ืืงืื โช MELDโฌืืฉื ืชโฌ โซโช ,2001โฌืืกืคืจื ืฉื ืืืื ืก"ื ืฉืขืืืจืื ืืฉืชืืช ืืื ืืืื ืืขืืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืืงืืืโช ,โฌืคืืชืื ืืืื ืืืจืกืืืช ืกืึพืคืจื ืกืืกืงื (โช )UCSFโฌืืืืื ืืืจืืืชโฌ โซืืืืจ ืืืืขืืืื ืืืื ืก"ื ืืืฉืชืื ืืขืืจ ืืงืจืืืจืืื ืื ืฉื ืืืืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืื ืืืืื ืืื ื ืืชืืื ืืฉืชื ืืฉืืืืช (โช MILANโฌืืื โช ,)UCSFโฌืืื ืขืืืจโฌ โซืืืืง ืืืืจืืืื ืืืจืฆืืช ืืืจืืช ืืืคืืื โช TACEโฌืื ืืืืฆืื ืขืโืืื โชradioโฌโฌ โซโช frequency ablationโฌืืื ืืฆืืฆื ืืช ื ืคื ืืืืื ( โช)Down stagingโฌโฌ โซืืืืคืฉืจ ืื ืืืชืืื ืืงืจืืืจืืื ืื ืื "ืโช .โฌืืฆืืืช ืืืฉื ืื ืืฉืชื ืโฌ โซืืืจืืืื ืฉืื ืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืฉืืืืฉ ืืืืคืืื ืืืืฆืื ืืงืืืืื โช(RF) radio frequency ablationโฌโฌ โซืืชืืืจ ืขื ืืืื ืืื ืืคืื ืืฉืืืืืโช .โฌืื ืืฉืืื ืืืืขืืคืช ืืืืคืืโฌ โซืืกืจืื ืืื ืืฉืื ืืืงืืโช ,โฌืืืฉืจ ืืฉืชืื ืื ืืจืืชื ืืื ื ืืืื ืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืืงืจืื ืฉืขืฉื ืจื ืืืืืืฆืื ืืืืืืช ืืืืโช ,โฌืืจืื ืฉืืืคืื โช RFโฌืืขืื ืืืชืจโฌ โซืืืฉืืื ืืืฉื ื ืฉื ืืืจืงืช ืืชื ืื ืืืืฉืื ืฉืงืืืจื โช 3-2โฌืก"ืโช ,โฌืืืืืืโฌ
โซโช13โฌโฌ
โซืืจืฅ โช2012โฌโฌ
โซืืืืืฆื ืืืงืืืืช ืืืื [โช ]NEJMโฌืืื ืฉืืฉ ืืขืจืื ืกืจืืงื ืืืืชืืจโฌ โซืกืจืื ืืืื ืืขืืจืช ืกืื ืจ ืืื ืืจืืช โช AFPโฌืคืขื ืึพโช 6โฌืขื โช 12โฌืืืืฉืืโฌ โซืืื ืืืื ืฉืืืช ืืื ืื ืคืืืจืืืืก ืืชืงืืโช ,โฌืืื ืงืฉืจ ืืืืืช ืจืงืขโช.โฌโฌ
โซืืฉืืขืืจ ื ืืื ืืืชืจ ืฉื ืืืจื ืืงืืืืช ืืืขืืืื ืืฉืืขืืจ ืืืืฉืจืืืช ืืืโฌ โซืืืืื [โช .]2โฌืชืืฆืืืช ืงืฆืจืืช ืืืื ืืืืคืื ืื ืืจืื ืฉืืขืืจื ืืืฉืจืืืช ืฉืโฌ โซโช 100%โฌืโโช 98%โฌืืืขืงื ืฉื ืฉื ื ืืฉื ืชืืืโช ,โฌืืืชืืืโช .โฌืืขืงื ืืจืื ืืืืโฌ โซืืจืื ืืืฉืจืืืช ืืฉืืขืืจ ืฉื โช 70%โฌืืืขืงื ืขื โช 5โฌืฉื ืืโช .โฌืชืืฆืืืช ืฉื ืโฌ โซืืืงืจืื ืฉืืฉืื ืืฆืืจื ืืงืจืืืช ืืื โช RFโฌืืืื ืืจืืชื ืืืจืืจืืืช ืืจืืโฌ โซืชืืฆืืืช ืืืืืช ืืืืื ืช ืืืฉืจืืืช ืืื ืืืืืโช ,โฌืื ืืฆืคืื โช RFโฌืืื ืืจืืโฌ โซืืฉืืขืืจ ืืืคืืช ืฉื ืกืืืืืื ืืฉื ืืฉืคืืืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืืืืืืืืืฆืื ืชืื ืขืืจืงืืช ืืจืืืืืืืืืืืฆืื (โช )TACEโฌืืืืืื ืืฉืืคืืจโฌ โซืืืืฉืจืืืช ืืงืจื ืืืืื ืฉืชืคืงืื ืื ืืื ืืฆืื ืฉืืืจโช ,โฌืืคืจื ืืืืโฌ โซืฉืืืช โช Child-Aโฌืฉืืื ืืื ืืจืืจืืช ืืืฅ ืืืืืืชโช ,โฌืคืืืฉื ืืืื ืืโฌ โซืื ืชืกืืื ืก"ื ืืืืโช .โฌืืืืโืื ืืืื ืฉื ืกืืจืืช ืืืืงืจืืช ืืงืจืืืืชโฌ โซืฉืืขืจืืื ืืช ืืฉืืืืฉ ืืืืืืืืืฆืื ืขืืจืงืืชโช ,โฌืืืืืืืืืืืฆืืโช ,โฌืืโฌ โซืืฉืชื ืืฉืืืืช ืืืืคืื ืคืืืืืืื ืืืืื ืก"ืโช ,โฌื ืจืื ืฉืืคืืจ ืืฉืืขืืจืโฌ โซืืืฉืจืืืช ืฉื ืฉื ืชืืื ืืืฉืืืื ืืืืคืื ืฉืืจื ืโช .โฌืื ืืจืืจื ืชืจืืืชโฌ โซโช TACEโฌืืืงืื ืช ื ืคื ืืืืืื ืืคื ื ืืฉืชืืโช .โฌืชืกืืื ืช ืืืกืืืื ืืืืืชโฌ โซืืืืจ โช TACEโฌื ืจืืชื ืืฆื ืืืฆืืช ืืืืืืคืืืโช .โฌืืืืงืจ ืขืืื ื ืืืืงืจโฌ โซื ืืฆื ืื ืืฉืืืืฉ ืืืืงืืงืื ืืืฉืืจืจืื ืชืจืืคื ืืฆืืจื ืืืืงืจืชโฌ โซืืืืื โช TACEโฌืืื ืืจืื ืืืจืืื ืืชืืคืขืืช ืืืืืื ืืืื ืืืชืืคืขืืช ืืืืืืโฌ โซืืืขืจืืชืืืชโช ,โฌืืืขืืืื ืืชืืืื ืืืงืืืืช ืฉื ืืืืืืโช .โฌืจืืืืืืืืืืืฆืืโฌ โซืขื ืืืงืจืืกืคืจืืช ืฉื โช yttrium-90โฌืืืืคืื ืืืืื ืฉืืืช โช Child-Aโฌื ืืฆืืชโฌ โซืขืืืื ืืืืืงืโช.โฌโฌ โซืขื ืื ืืื ืืืคืื ืืืืืชืจืคื ืกืืกืืื ืฉืืืื ืืืขืืโช .โฌืกืืจืืคื ืื ืืืโฌ โซืืืืงืืื ืงืื ืโช ,โฌืืขืื ืจื ืงืื ืืืชโช ,โฌืฉื ืืชื ืคืืืืช ืืืืจืืช ืืืืงืชโฌ โซืชืืืโช .โฌืืืงืจืื ืืืืงืจืื ืืงืจืืืช ืฉื ืขืจืื ืืชืงืืคื ืืืืจืื ืโช,โฌโฌ โซืืฆืืืขื ืขื ืขืืืื ืฉื ืขื โช 37%โฌืืืืฉืจืืืช ืืืืืืช ืืืฉืืืื ืืคืืฆืืโฌ โซืืงืจื ืืืื ืก"ื ืืฉืืืช ืืคืืฆื [โช .]2โฌืคืจืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืคืืช ืืจืืืืืโช,โฌโฌ โซืฉืืฉืื ืืืืืฉื ืื ืชืืคืขืืช ืืืืืื ืืฉืืืืืชโช .โฌืืื ืขืืืืืช ืืขืจืืืโฌ โซืืช ืืืขืืืืช ืฉื ืกืืจืืคื ืื ืืฉืืืื ืขื โช .TACEโฌืืฉื ื ืื ืชืจืืคืืช ืืืืฉืืชโฌ โซืืื โช brivanibโฌืโ โช erlotinibโฌืื ืืืื ืื ืืื ืืงืืื ืืืืื ืืืื โชbevacizumabโฌโฌ โซืโโช cetuximabโฌืื ืขืืืื ืืื ืชืืฆืืืช ืืงืืืืืชโช.โฌโฌ โซืืกืืืืโช :โฌืจืง โช 29%โฌืืืืื ืก"ื ืืืืืื ืื ืืื ืืืืืงืืช ืกืจืืงื ืืฉืืืฉโฌ โซืืฉื ืื ืฉืืคื ื ืืืืื ืืืืืโช .โฌืจืง โช 13%โฌืืืืื ืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืช ืืกืืโฌ โซโช Cโฌืืฉืืืช ืขืืืจืื ืืืืงืืช ืกืจืืงืโช .โฌืืคืืื ืื ืืฆืื ืฉื ืืฉืชืืืช ืืืโช ,โฌืฉืโฌ โซืืจืืชื ืืืจืืจืืืช ืืฉื โช TACEโฌืืื ื ืืืโช .โฌืืฉ ืื ืงืื ืฆืขืืื ื ืืกืคืื ืืฉืืคืืจโฌ โซืชืืฆืืืช ืืืืืโช ,โฌืืืื ืืขืืืช ืืกืคืจ ืืืืืื ืืืืืืื ืื ืืฉืืืืโฌ โซืืืงืืืืโช .โฌืืคืฉืจ ืืขืฉืืช ืืืช ืขืโืืื ืืืืขืช ืืืืงืืช ืกืจืืงืโช ,โฌืืืคืืโฌ โซืืืชืื ืืืืื ืืกืืกืืชโช ,โฌืฉืืืืฉ ืืืขืจืืืช ืืืขืจืืช ืฉืื ืืืืืโฌ โซืืืืฉื ืฉื ืืืืืคื ืืฆืืืช ืืืคื ืจืโืชืืืืโช.โฌโฌ
โซืืืืืืืืจืคืืโฌ โซโช1. World Health Organization, International Agency for Research onโฌโฌ โซโชCancer. GLOBOCAN 2008. (http://globocan.iarc.fr).โฌโฌ โซ;โช2. El-Serag HB. Hepatocellular Carcinoma. N Engl J Med 2011โฌโฌ โซโช365:1118-1127โฌโฌ
โซืืจืคืืืโช | updateโฌืืงืจ ืืืืโฌ
โซืืขืืืช ืขื ืคื โช .70โฌืชืืืื ืืืโืชืจืืคืชืืช ืขืืืื ืืืืืืฆืจ ืื ืื ืืืืชโฌ โซืชืจืืคืืช ืืืฉืืฉืืช ืืืืคืื ืโ โช ,)efavirenz ( HIVโฌืืืืคืจืืืคืืืืืโฌ โซ(โช )atorvastatinโฌืื ืืืชืจ ืืืฅ ืื (โช .)amlodipineโฌืืฉืื ืื ืืกืจ ืืืืขโฌ โซืืืื ืชืจืืคืืช ืจืืืช ืื ืืฆืืืช ืืฉืืืืฉ ืืืื ืชืืืฃโช ,โฌืืืื ืืืืืขโฌ โซืฉืืฆืืืจ ืขื ืื ืืจืืจ ืฉืืฉ ืื ืงืื ืืฉื ื ืืืืจืืช ืืืืชืืฉื ืืชืืืืืชโฌ โซืืื ืืืืจืืช ืืืืคืื ืโโช DAAsโฌืืืืืื ืืขืช ืืืคืื ืืืืืื ืืืฉืชืื ืืืโฌ โซืืืืื โช ,HIVโฌืฉืืืืคืื ืโโช DAAsโฌืืขืื ืืฆืื ืขื ืืคืจืง ืืขืชืื ืืงืจืืโช.โฌโฌ
โซืื ืฆืคืื ืืขืชืื?โฌ โซืจืืื ืืฆืืื ืฉืืฉืื ืื ืืฉ ืืืืื ืืงืื ืืืคื ืืืืง ืืืืืืืโฌ โซืโ โช SOCโฌืืื ืฉืืืื ืโ โช ,DA A sโฌืืคื ืฉืืืืืจ ืงืืื ืืืโช .โฌืืืืโฌ โซืืกืคืจ โช 2โฌืืจืื ืืช ืืฉืื ื ืืื ืืงืืืฆืืช ืืฉืื ืืช ืฉื ืโ โชDA Asโฌโฌ โซืืืชืืืืก ืืืขืืืืช ืืื ืืโืืืจืืืืชโช ,โฌืืคืจืืคืื ืืขืืืืืช ืืืืขืืืืชโฌ โซื ืื ืื ืืืืคืื ืฉืื ืืโช .โฌืืื ืื ืจืืโช ,โฌืืฉื ืื ืืงืจืืืืช ืืืืคืืโฌ โซืโโช pegIFNฮฑโฌืืืจืืืืืจืื ืืืื ืืืกืืก ืืืืคืื ืืฉืืืื ืขื โช ,DAAsโฌืืืืช ืืืโฌ โซืืื ืืข ืขืืืืืช ืืืืฉื ืืช ืฉื ืืืืืื ืื ืืืคืโช .โฌื"ืื" ืืื ืฉื ืืชืจืืคืืชโช,โฌโฌ โซืืืื ืื ื"ืืืจ ืืฉื ื" ืฉื ืโ โช ,DA Asโฌืืชืจืืคืืช ืชืืืื ื ื ืืืืช ืืืชืจโฌ โซืืฉืืืืฉ (ืืืืื ืืืช ืื ืฉืชืืื ืืืื)โช ,โฌืกืืืืืช ืืืชืจ ืืืืื ืช ืชืืคืขืืชโฌ โซืืืืืืโช ,โฌืืกืืืื ืืืชืคืชืืืช ืื ืื ืขืืืืื ืืืื ื ืืื ืืืชืจ ืืืืื ืืคืขืืืโฌ โซื ืื ืื ืืืืคืื ืืืจืืืืื ืฉืื ืื ืืืื ืจืื ืืืชืจโช .โฌืืฉืืืื ืฉื โชpegIFNโฌโฌ โซ(โช )RBVยฑโฌืขื ืืขืืื ืคืจืืืืืืโช ,โฌืืขืืื ืคืืืืืจืื (ืืขืืงืจ ืโโชnucleosideโฌโฌ โซโช )inhibitorsโฌืื ืืขืืื โช NS5Aโฌื ืจืื ืืืืื ืืืืง ืืืืืงืจืื ืฉืืืฆืขืโฌ โซืขื ืืโช .โฌืฉืืืืืื ืฉื โช pegIFNโฌืขื ืืื ืชืจืืคืืช ืืงืืืฆืืช ืฉืื ืืช ืืืโฌ โซืขืืืืืช ืฆืืืืช (ืืขืืื ืคืจืืืืืื โช +โฌืืขืืื ืคืืืืืจืืื ืื ืืขืืื โชNS5Aโฌโฌ โซ(โช ))RBVยฑโฌื ืืฆืืื ืืขืช ืืฉืื ืฉื ืืืืงืโช ,โฌืืชืืฆืืืช ืืืื ืืื ืืืืืโฌ
โซโช11โฌโฌ
โซืืจืฅ โช2012โฌโฌ
โซืืขืืืืืชโช .โฌืืื ืืืงืจืื ืืืืงืื ืืช ืืืคืฉืจืืช ืฉื ืฉืืืืืื ืฉืื ืืโฌ โซืืื ืชืจืืคืืช ืคืืืืืช ืืงืืืฆืืช ืฉืื ืืช ืืืืคืื โื ืืื ืืื ืืจืคืจืื"โฌ โซืืืืืื ืกืืืืืช ืืืื ืืืชืจโช .โฌืืืคืืืื ื ืืืื ืืื ืืจืคืจืื ืืจืืืืืจืื ืืืขืืืโฌ โซืืขืืงืจ ืืืืืื ืฉืื โช ,null respondersโฌืฉืืื ื ืจืืืฉืื ืืื ืโโช,SOCโฌโฌ โซืฉืืกืืืืืช ืฉืืื ืืืืคืื ื ืืืื ืื ืฉืืฉ ืืฆืื ืืชืืืืืช ื ืื ืโโช,SOCโฌโฌ โซืืืืืื ืฉืืืช ืื ืืืืื ืช ( โช .)decompensated cirrhosisโฌืืฉ ืืืืืจโฌ โซืฉืขืืืื ืืื ืืืืข ืืกืคืง ืขื ืืฉืืืืฉ ืืชืจืืคืืช ืืื ืืืืืืืกืืืช ืฉืื ืืชโฌ โซืฉื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืฉืชืื ืืื ืืืืื โช .HIV-coinfectionโฌืขื ืื ืืืฉืืโฌ โซืชืืฆืืืช ืืื ืืื ืืจืฉืืืืช ืืืืง ืืืฉืืืืืืโช ,โฌืืืื ื ืฆืืจื ืืืืชืืโฌ โซืขืื ืโโช 5โฌืฉื ืื ืขื ืืงืืืขืช โืฉืืืืืื ืื ืฆืืื"โช .โฌืืื ืขื ืืืช ืืืืคืงโฌ โซืืืืคืืื ื ืจืื ืืจืืโช.โฌโฌ
โซืืืืืืืืจืคืืโฌ โซโช1. McHutchinson JG, Manns MP, Muir A J, et al. Telaprevir forโฌโฌ โซโชpreviously treated chronic HCV infection. PROVE 3 Study Team.โฌโฌ โซโชN Engl J Med 2010, 362:1292-303.โฌโฌ โซโช2. Jacobson I, McHutchinson JG, Dusheiko G, et al. ADVANCE Studyโฌโฌ โซโชTeam. Telaprevir for previously untreated chronic hepatitis C virusโฌโฌ โซโชinfection. N Engl J Med. 2011, 364(25):2405-16.โฌโฌ โซโช3. Zeuzem S, Andreone P, Pol S, et al. RE ALIZE Study Team.โฌโฌ โซโชTelaprevir for retreatment of HCV infection. N Engl J Med 2011,โฌโฌ โซโช364(25):2417-28.โฌโฌ โซโช4. Bacon B, Gordon S, Lawitz E, et al. Boceprevir for previouslyโฌโฌ โซโชtreated chronic HCV genotype 1 infection (RESPOND-2). N Engl Jโฌโฌ โซโชMed 2011, 364:1207-17.โฌโฌ
โซืืจืฅ โช2012โฌโฌ
โซืืงืจ ืืืื | โชupdateโฌืืจืคืืืโฌ
โซืชืจืฉืื ืืกืคืจ โช :1โฌืืืคื ืืฉืืืืฉ ืโโช telaprevirโฌืืงืจืโฌ โซืืืื ืืืืื ืืจืื ื ืืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืช ืื ืืืืค โช1โฌโฌ โซห ืืืืื ืืื ืฉืืืช ืืืืโช ,โฌื ืืืืืื ืื ืขื ืืืฉื ืืช ืืืืื ืึพโช HCVโฌืืืืจโฌ โซืืืคืื ืงืืื (โช )relapsersโฌืฉืืฉืืื ืชืืืื ืืืจืืืืืืช ืืืงืืืช (โช)eRVRโฌโฌ โซืขืฆืืจ ืืืคืืโฌ
โซโชTelaprevirโฌโฌ โซโช+PRโฌโฌ
โซโชPRโฌโฌ โซโชPRโฌโฌ
โซห ืืืืื ืืื ืฉืืืช ืืืืโช ,โฌื ืืืืืื ืื โช relapsersโฌืฉืื ืืฉืืื โชeRVRโฌโฌ โซห โชPartial and null respondersโฌโฌ
โซห ืืืืื ืขื ืฉืืืช ืืืืโฌ โซโช48โฌโฌ
โซโช24โฌโฌ
โซโช36โฌโฌ
โซโช4โฌโฌ
โซโช12โฌโฌ
โซโช0โฌโฌ
โซืืืจืืืืช ืืืืคืืโฌ
โซืฉืืืขืืชโฌ
โซโชHCV RNAโฌโฌ
โซืื ื ืืชื ืืืืืืโฌ โซืืฉืืืข โช:24โฌโฌ
โซืืคืกืงืช โชPRโฌโฌ
โซืื > โชIU/mLโฌืโช1000โฌโฌ โซืืฉืืืข โช 4โฌืื โช:12โฌโฌ โซืืคืกืงืช ืื ืืชืจืืคืืชโฌ
โซ*โช eRVR HCV RNA :extended rapid virological responseโฌืืืชื ืืืืโฌ โซ> โชIU/mlโฌื โช 10-15โฌืืฉืืืข โช 4โฌืึพโช 12โฌืืืืคืืโช PR ribavirin : .โฌืึพ โชpegylatedโฌโฌ โซโชinterferon-ฮฑโฌโฌ
โซืขืฆืืจ ืืืคืืโฌ โซห ืืืืื ื ืืืืืื ืืื ืฉืืืช ืืืืโฌ โซืฉืืฉืืื โชeRVRโฌโฌ โซโชPRโฌโฌ
โซโชPRโฌโฌ โซโชleadโฌโฌ โซโชinโฌโฌ
โซโชBOC+PRโฌโฌ
โซโชBOC+PRโฌโฌ
โซห ืืืืื ื ืืืืืื ืืื ืฉืืืช ืืืื ืฉืืโฌ โซืืฉืืื โช :eRVRโฌืืืื ืืฉืืืข โช 8โฌืื ืืืชืโฌ โซืืืื ืืฉืืืข โชIU/ml <( 12โฌืโช)15-10โฌโฌ โซห ืืืืื ืืื ืฉืืืช ืืืื ืฉืื โชrelapsersโฌโฌ โซืื โช( Partial respondersโฌืืืคืื ืงืืื)โฌ โซโชBOC+PRโฌโฌ
โซืืืคืื ืืชืืคืขืืช ืืืืืืโฌ
โซห โช( Null respondersโฌืืืืคืื ืงืืื)โฌ โซห ืืืืื ืขื ืฉืืืช ืืืืโฌ โซโช4โฌโฌ
โซโช36โฌโฌ
โซืืืืคืื ืืืฉืืื ืืืขืืื ืืคืจืืืืืื ื ืืกืคื ื ืงืืืืช ืืื ืืืฉืืชโฌ โซืืืขืจืืโช ,โฌืื ืืืื ืืงืฉืืจืืช ืโ"โช "stopping rulesโฌืืื ืืืื ืืงืฉืืจืืชโฌ โซืืงืืืขืช ืืืคืืโืืื ืื ืชืืืื ( โช .)RGTโฌื ืืกืฃ ืืืืโช ,โฌืฉืื ืโ โชlead-inโฌโฌ โซืืืืคืื ืโ โช BOCโฌืืืกืืฃ ืืืืจืืืืช ืฉื ืืืืคืืโช .โฌืืืืืืื ืืงืืื ืฉืืโฌ โซโช lead-inโฌืืื ืฉืืจืืืช ืืขืืืก ืื ืืืคื ืืคื ื ืืฉืืืืฉ ืโโช DAAsโฌืืกืืืขืชโฌ โซืืืืจืืช ืฉืืขืืจ ืืืคืขืชื ืฉื ืื ืื ืขืืืืื ืืืืืืื ืจืืืฉืืช ืืชืืืืโฌ โซืืืื ืืจืคืจืืโช ,โฌืืขืืืจืช ืืงืืืช ืืืืื ืืชืืืื ืืืืคืื ืขื ืคื ืืชืืืืโฌ โซืืืืจ โช 4โฌืฉืืืขืืชโช .โฌืื ืื ืื ืคื ื ืืืืจืืโช :โฌืืื ื ืฉืืขืืจ ืืฉืืช โชSVRโฌโฌ โซืืงืจื ืืืืื ืฉืืืืื ืโโช( lead-inโฌืืจืืืช โช HCV RNAโฌืโโช 1log10โฌืื ืืืชืจ)โฌ โซืืื ืโโช 80%โฌืืขืืืช ืโโช 30%โฌืืงืจื ืืืืื ืฉืื ืืืืืโช ,โฌืื ืืชืืฆืืโฌ โซืื ืืืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืคืืืืชโช .โฌืืืขืืืืช ืืืืจืืช ืฉืืขืืจ ืืืคืขืชื ืฉืโฌ โซืขืืืืืช ืื ืืืฉืืช โช SVRโฌืืื ื ืืจืืจื ืืื ืืืืืโช .โฌืืชืจืื ืืฉืืืืฉ ืโโฌ โซโช lead-inโฌืงืฉืืจ ืืืคืฉืจืืช ืฉื ืงืืฆืืจ ืืืืคืื ืขืืืจ ืืืืื ืฉืืฉืืื โช,RVRโฌโฌ โซืืืืื ืืืืื ืฉืืื ื ืืงืืงืื ืืืืคืื ืโโช DAAsโฌืืืืืื ืืืืื ืฉืืืืขื ืืชโฌ โซืฉืืื ืืืืคืื ืืืื ืืจืืืโช ,โฌืื ืฉืืื ืืืคืกืง ืืืจ ืืืืื โช 4โฌืืฉืืืขืืชโฌ โซืืจืืฉืื ืื (<โช .)5%โฌืืฉื ืืืจืืืืช ืืืืคืืโช ,โฌืื ืืืื ืื ืจืืคื ืื ืืฉืืจืโฌ โซืืงืืช ืขื ืขืฆืื ืืช ื ืืืื ืืืืคืื ืืื ืืืฉืจื ืืืงืืืช ืืืื ืืขืจืืชโฌ โซืชืืืื ืืืืข ื ืจืื ืืื ืื ืืฉืืื ืืืจืืืื ืื ืืืืจ ืืืืืคืื ืืชืืคืขืืชโฌ โซืืืืืืโช.โฌโฌ
โซโช28 28โฌโฌ
โซโชHCV RNAโฌโฌ
โซโช24โฌโฌ
โซืฉืืืขืืชโฌ
โซโช12โฌโฌ
โซโช8โฌโฌ
โซโช4โฌโฌ
โซโช0โฌโฌ
โซโชIU/mL 100โฌโฌ
โซืื >โฌ โซืื ืืืืโฌ โซืืคืกืง ืืโฌ โซ> โชIU/mL 15-10โฌโฌ โซืืชืจืืคืืชโฌ โซืืคืกืง ืื ืืชืจืืคืืชโฌ
โซโช100 IU/mL < HCV RNA :(extended rapid virological response) eRVRโฌโฌ โซืืฉืืืข โช 8โฌืึพโช 24โฌืืืืคืืโช ribavirin :PR .โฌืึพโช. pegylated interferon-ฮฑโฌโฌ โซโชboceprevir:BOCโฌโฌ
โซืืชืืืืืืช ืขื ืืชืคืชืืืช ืขืืืืืช ืืืขืืื ืคืจืืืืืืโฌ โซืืกืชืืจ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืืืืืช ืื ืื ืขืืืืื ืืืขืืื ืคืจืืืืืื ืืฉืืขืืจ ื ืืืโฌ โซ(<โช )1%โฌืืฆื ืืืืื โื ืืืืืื" ืขืื ืืคื ื ืืชืืืช ืืืืคืื ืืืฆื โช1.8%-0.3%โฌโฌ โซืืืืืืื ืืื ืืกืื ืืคื ื ืืืคืืโช .โฌืืงืจื ืืืืื ืืืืืืื ืืืื ืืจืคืจืืโช,โฌโฌ โซืฉืืขืืจ ืืขืืืืืช ืโโช DAAsโฌืงืื ืืืืคื ืืฉืืขืืชืโช ,โฌืืคื ืฉื ืฆืคื ืืืืงืจโฌ โซโช :SPRINT-2โฌืขืืืืืช ืโ โช BOCโฌื ืฆืคืชื ืืฆื โช 4%โฌืืืืืืื ืฉืืืืืโฌ โซืืืื ืืจืคืจืื (ืืจืืื ืฉื โฅ โช 1log10โฌืชืื ืืื ืฉืื ืโโช )lead-inโฌืืขืื ืฉืืขืืจโฌ โซืืขืืืืืช ืขืื ืโโช 47%โฌืืงืจื ืืืืื ืฉืื ืืืืืโช .โฌืืื ืขื ืืืชโช ,โฌืืื ืืโฌ
โซืืืืคืื ืโ โช TP Vโฌืืโ โช BOCโฌืืจืื ืืชืืคืขืืช ืืืืื ืืฉืืขืืชืืืชโฌ โซืืืืืืืืช ืขืจื ืืชโช ,โฌื ืืืืจ ืชืืืฃ ืืืืคืื ื ืืกืฃโช .โฌืชืืคืขืืช ืืืืืืโฌ โซืืืืืืืช ืืืฉืืืืืช ืืืืชืจ ืืืืคืื ืโ โช T P Vโฌืื ืืจื ืืฆืโฌ โซโช 50%-45%โฌืืืืืืคืืืโช ,โฌืชืคืจืืช ืืขืืจ ืืฆื โช ,37%-35%โฌืืืืื ืืฆืโฌ โซโช 43%-40%โฌืืื ืืื ืืฆื โช 39%-37%โฌืืืืืืคืืืโช .โฌืชืืคืขืืช ืืืืืืโฌ โซืืฉืืืืืช ืืืืชืจ ืืืืคืื ืโ โช BOCโฌืื ืื ืืื ืืฆื โช 49%โฌืืืืืืคืืืโฌ โซืืืคืจืขืืช ืืืืฉ ืืืขื ืืฆื โช .)dysgeusia ( 43%-37%โฌืืกื ืืืืโฌ โซืืคืกืงืช ืืืคืื ืืืื ืชืืคืขืืช ืืืืื ืืืืคืื ืโโช TPVโฌืืืืชื ืืฉืืขืืจ ืฉืโฌ โซโช 20%-13%โฌืืืืืคืื ืโโช BOCโฌืืฉืืขืืจ ืฉื โช .19%-9%โฌืืื ืขื ืืืชโช ,โฌืฉืืขืืจโฌ โซืืคืกืงืช โช TPVโฌืืฉื ืชืคืจืืช ืืื ืโโช 7%-5%โฌืืจืง ืืฆื โช 1.5%โฌืืื ืฆืืจืโฌ โซืืืคืกืงืช ืื ืืืืคืืโช ,โฌืืืืื ืืืืคืื ืโโช BOCโฌืืฆื โช 16%-12%โฌืืืืโฌ โซืืืืืื ืืื ืฆืืจื ืืืคืกืืง ืืืืคืืโช ,โฌืืืื ืจืง ืืฆื โช 2%โฌืืฉื ืื ืืืโช.โฌโฌ
โซืชืืืื ืืืโืชืจืืคืชืืชโฌ โซืฉืชื ืืชืจืืคืืช ืขืืืจืืช ืืืืืืืื ืืืขืจืืช ืืฆืืืืืจืืืื โช.CYP3A4โฌโฌ โซื ืืกืฃ ืืืโช ,โฌื ืืฆื ืฉืืชืจืืคืืช ืขืืืืืช ืืขืื ืชืจืืคืืช ืืืชืคืจืงืืชโฌ โซืืืขืจืืช ืื ืื ืฉืชืจืืคืืช ืืืฉืคืืขืืช ืขื ืืขืจืืช ืโโช CYP3A4โฌืขืืืืืชโฌ โซืืืฉืคืืข ืขื ืจืืช ืโ โช .DDAsโฌืื ืืืฉื ื ืืฆื ืฉืฉืืืืฉ ืโ โช TPVโฌืขืืืโฌ โซืืืจืื ืืจืืช ืโโช cyclosporineโฌืืื ืืขืืืช ืคื โช 4.6โฌืืืจืืช ืโโชtacrolimusโฌโฌ
โซโช10โฌโฌ
โซืืืคืื ืืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืชโฌ
โซืืขืืืืื ืืื ื ื ืืชื ืื ืืืืืื ืืืืจ ืชืงืืคืช ืืขืงื ืฉื ืืฉื ืชืืื (ืืืฃโฌ โซืคืืืช) ืืืคืกืงืช ืืืืคืื ืโโช DAAsโฌืืฆื โช 100%-88%โฌืืืืืืืโช ,โฌืืคืโฌ โซืฉืืืืื ืืืืงืจ ืโโช .EXTENDโฌืืคืืื ืืืฉืฉ ืืืืคืขืช ืื ืื ืขืืืืื ืืโฌ โซืฆืจืื ืืืืืช ืื ืืืื ื"ืืฉืชืง"โช .โฌืืคืกืงืช ืืืืคืื ืโโช DAAsโฌืืฉื ืืขืืืชโฌ โซืขืืืืืช ืืื ื ืคืืืืช ืืืืคื ืืฉืืขืืชื ืืืืืืช ืืืืื ืืืืคืื ืืืืจ ืืขืชืืโฌ โซืืืขืืื ืคืจืืืืืื ืืืจืื (ืืคืืื ืขื ืขืืืืืช ืฆืืืืช) ืืืืืืื ืฉืืื ืโฌ โซืคืืืขืช ืืืืคืื ืืชืจืืคืืช ืืงืืืฆืืช ืืืจืืช ืืื ืขืืืืืช ืฆืืืืชโช .โฌืืืจืืชโฌ โซืืืชโช ,โฌืขื ืื ืช ืืื ืืข ืืืคืขืช ืื ืื ืขืืืืื ืืชืจืืคืืช ืจืืืช ืืขื ืื ืชโฌ โซืืืืขืจ ืืช ืืขืืืช ืืขืืืืืชโช ,โฌืืฉ ืืืืฆืื ืืงืคืื ืืช ืจืื ืื ืงืืืืช ืืืืโฌ โซืืืคืกืงื ืืืงืืืช ืฉื ืืืืคืืโช ,โฌืฉืืืื ืืืจืชืโช.โฌโฌ
โซืืจืคืืืโช | updateโฌืืงืจ ืืืืโฌ
โซืืจืฅ โช2012โฌโฌ
โซืืืื ืืกืคืจ โช :2โฌืืงืืืฆืืช ืืฉืื ืืช ืฉื ืืชืจืืคืืชโฌ โซืืื ืืโืืืจืืืืืช ืืืฉืืจืืช (โช)DAAsโฌโฌ โซืืืกืื ืืคื ืโฌ โซืืชืคืชืืืชโฌ โซืื ืื ืขืืืืืโฌ
โซืืืื ืืขืืืืชโฌ โซืืื ืืืืคืืโฌ โซืืืจืืืืื ืฉืื ืืโฌ
โซืืขืืืืช ืื ืืโฌ โซืืืจืืืืชโฌ
โซโช++/+โฌโฌ
โซโช+โฌโฌ
โซโช+++โฌโฌ
โซโชNS3/4Aโฌโฌ โซโชprotease inhibitorsโฌโฌ
โซโช++/+โฌโฌ
โซโช++/+โฌโฌ
โซโช+++โฌโฌ
โซโชNS5A inhibitorsโฌโฌ
โซโช+++โฌโฌ
โซโช+++โฌโฌ
โซโช++/+โฌโฌ
โซ)โชNS5B (nucleosidesโฌโฌ
โซโช+โฌโฌ
โซโช+โฌโฌ
โซโช++/+โฌโฌ
โซโชNS5Bโฌโฌ โซ)โช(non-nucleosidesโฌโฌ
โซ*ืืฉืืืื ืืืืืชืืช ืืื ืงืืืฆืืช ืืชืจืืคืืช ืืฉืื ืืชโช:โฌโฌ โซโช+โฌืืืฉโช++ ,โฌืืื ืื ืโช+++ ,โฌืืืงโฌ
โซืืืคืื ืืฉืืืฉ ( โช )BOC/ pegIFNฮฑ/ RBVโฌืืืื ืื ืืฉืชื ืื (โช44-24โฌโฌ โซืฉืืืขืืช ืขื ืคื ืืชืืืื ืืืืืจืืืืืืช ืืืืงืืืชโช ,โฌืืืืจืช ืืืืืโฌ โซืื ืืกืืื ืืืคืืื ืงืืื)โช .โฌืโ โช TLVโฌืืื ืฉืื โช ,lead-inโฌืืืืคืื ืืืฉืืืฉโฌ โซื ืืฉื โช 12โฌืฉืืืขืืช ืืืืจืื ื ืืชื ืืืคืื โช SOCโฌืืืฉื ืคืจืง ืืื ืืฉืชื ืโฌ โซ(โช 36-12โฌืฉืืืขืืช ื ืืกืคืื)โช .โฌืืงืจื ืืืืื ืืื ืฉืืืช ืฉืืืฉื ืืฆืื โชeRVRโฌโฌ โซ( โช )extended RVRโฌืืคืฉืจ ืืงืฆืจ ืืช ืืฉื ืืืืคืื ืืฉืชื ืืชืจืืคืืชโช.โฌโฌ โซ(โช eRVRโฌืืืืืจ ืื ืงืืืืช ืืื ืฉืื ืืช ืืืื ืื ืืืช ืืืชืจืืคืืชโชHCV RNA :โฌโฌ โซืืืชื ืืืื ืืฉืืืข โช 24-8โฌืืขืช ืืืคืื ืโโช BOCโฌืืืฉืืืข โช 4โฌืโโช 12โฌืืืืคืืโฌ โซืโโช.)TPVโฌโฌ
โซืืืืื โื ืืืืืื" ืืืืคืืโฌ โซืืืืงืจื โช phase IIIโฌืืืืืืื ืฉืชืืฆืืืชืืื ืคืืจืกืื ืืืืจืื ืโฌ โซ(ืืืงืจื ืโ โช ,ADVANCEโฌืกื"ื โช 1,095โฌืืืืืโช ,โฌืืโ โช,)ILLUMINATEโฌโฌ โซื ืืฆื ืฉืฉืืขืืจ ืืฉืืช โช SVRโฌืืื ืืืื ืืฉืืขืืชืืช ืืงืจื ืืืืืโฌ โซืฉืงืืืื ืืืคืื ืืฉืืืฉ ืฉืืื โช TPVโฌืืขืืืช ืืืืื ืฉืงืืืื โชSOCโฌโฌ โซืืืืโช 75%-69% :โฌืืขืืืช โช ,44%โฌืืืชืืืโช .โฌืขืื ื ืืฆื ืฉืงืืฆืืจโฌ โซืืฉื ืืืืคืื ืืืืื ืโโช 48โฌืฉืืืขืืช ืโโช 24โฌืฉืืืขืืช ืื ืคืื ืืืฉืืชโฌ โซโช 92% :SVRโฌืืขืืืช โช .88%โฌืืืืงืจ ืโโช( SPRINT-2โฌืกื"ื โช 1,097โฌืืืืื)โฌ โซืฉืืขืืจ ืโ โช SVRโฌืืงืจื ืืืืื ืฉืงืืืื ืืืคืื ืืฉืืืฉ ืโ โช BOCโฌืืืโฌ โซโช 66%-63%โฌืืขืืืช โช 37%โฌืืงืืืฆืช ืืืืงืืจืช ืฉืงืืืื โช.SOCโฌโฌ
โซืืืืื โืื ืืกืื" ืฉื ืืฉืื ืืืฉืืช โช SVRโฌืืืืคืื ืงืืืโฌ โซืืืืงืจ ืโโช REALIZEโฌืฉืืื โช 662โฌืืืืื โืื ืืกืื" (โชrelapsers, partialโฌโฌ โซโช ,)responders, null respondersโฌืื ืืืืืื ืงืืืื ืืืคืื ืืืฉื โช48โฌโฌ โซืฉืืืขืืชโช .โฌืืฆื ืื ืืืืืื ืฉืงืืืื โช TPVโฌืฉืืขืืจ ืโโช SVRโฌืืื โช66%-64%โฌโฌ โซืืขืืืช โช 17%โฌืืงืืืฆืช ืืืืงืืจืช (ืืงืืืฆืช ืโโช88%-83% relapsersโฌโฌ โซืืขืืืช โช 24%โฌืืงืืืฆืช ืืืืงืืจืชโช ,โฌืืงืืืฆืช ืโ โชpartial respondersโฌโฌ โซโช 59%-54%โฌืืขืืืช โช 15%โฌืืืงืืืฆืช ืโ โช33%-29% null respondersโฌโฌ โซืืขืืืช โช .)5%โฌืืืืงืจ ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืืืืื ืื ืืืคืื ืืืืจ ืโโช TPVโฌืืงืืืฆืชโฌ โซืืืืื ืื ืฉืืคืจ ืืช ืฉืืขืืจ ืืฉืืช ืโโช SVRโฌืืืืคื ื ืืืจ (ืโโช )64%-24%โฌืืืโฌ โซืฉืืืืฉ ืโโช - lead-in phaseโฌืืืืคืื ืโโช TPVโฌืืื ื ืืืกืืฃ ืืืจโช.โฌโฌ โซืืืืงืจ ืโ โช 403( RESPOND-2โฌืืืืื ืขื ืื ืืืืค โช )1โฌืืฉืืืื ืฉืโฌ โซโช BOCโฌืืืืคืื ืืืืื ืืฉืืคืืจ ื ืืืจ ืืืฉืืช โช 75%-69% :SVRโฌืืงืืืฆืชโฌ โซืโโช relapsersโฌืโโช 52%-40%โฌืืงืืืฆืช ืโโช partial respondersโฌืืขืืืช โช29%โฌโฌ โซืโโช 7%โฌืืงืืืฆืืช ืืืืงืืจืชโช ,โฌืืืชืืืโช.โฌโฌ
โซโช9โฌโฌ
โซืืืคื ืืฉืืืืฉ ืืชืจืืคืืชโฌ โซืืื ืืโืืืจืืืืืช ืืืฉืืจืืชโฌ โซืขื ืคื ืจืืฉืืื ืโโช FDAโฌืืโโชEMAโฌโฌ โซืืืืคืื ืืฉืชื ืืชืจืืคืืชโช TPV ,โฌืโ โช ,BOCโฌืืืื ื ืงืืืืช ืืื ืืืคืกืงืโฌ โซืืืงืืืช ืฉื ืืืืคืื (โช )stopping rulesโฌืืืืืืืืช ืืืื ืืืคืื ืืื ืืโฌ โซืชืืืื (โช .)RGTโฌื ืงืืืืช ืืืื ืืื ืืืช ืืืชืจืืคืืช ืื ืฉืื ืืชโช .โฌืืืจืชืโฌ โซืฉื ืืคืกืงืช ืืืคืื ืืืงืืืช ืืื ืืื ืืข ืืชืคืชืืืช ืื ืื ืขืืืืื ืฉืโฌ โซืื ืืืฃ ืชืื ืืื ืืืคืืโช ,โฌืืื ืืื ืืข ืืฉืืคื ืืืืชืจืช ืืชืืคืขืืช ืืืืืโฌ โซืืืฉืจ ืืกืืืื ืืืฉืื โช SVRโฌืืื ืื ืืโช .โฌืืืคื ืืฉืืืืฉ ืืฉืชื ืืชืจืืคืืชโฌ โซืืืฆื ืืชืจืฉืื ืืกืคืจ โช ,1โฌืืืคืืช ืงืืฆืจ ืืืจืืขื ืื ืืคืจื ืืขืืจ ืืืโฌ โซืืืกืืจืช ืขืืืื ืืโช .โฌืจืืื ืืฆืืื ืฉืืืื โช BOCโฌืืื ืืืืช ืืืืคืื ืืืืืืโฌ โซโืื ืืกืื" ืืื ืฉืืืช ืฉืืฉืืื โช eRVRโฌืฉืื ืืช ืืจืืฉืื ืโโช FDAโฌืืโโชEMAโฌโฌ โซ(ืืจืืฉืื ืโโช FDAโฌืืืืคืื ืืืฉืืืฉ ืืืืฉื โช 32โฌืฉืืืขืืช ืืืืคืกืง ืืืืจโฌ โซโช 36โฌืฉืืืขืืช ืฉื ืืืคืื ืืืืโช ,โฌืืช ืื ืืืืช ืโโช EMAโฌืืืืคืื ืืคืฉืจ ืืจืืืชโฌ โซืืชืจืฉืื ืืกืคืจ โช.)1โฌโฌ
โซืืขืจืืช ืืืืจืืชโช:โฌโฌ โซืืืื ืืืืื โืืืื ื" ืืืืคืื?โฌ โซืืื ืกืคืง ืฉืื ื ืขืืืืื ืืคืชืื ืฉื ืชืงืืคื ืืืฉืโช ,โฌืืื ืจืื ืืืืโฌ โซืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืช ืืืชืืืืื ืืืืคืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืช ืืืืคืื ืืขืื ืืืชืจโฌ โซืืฉืืขืืชืืช ืืืืืคืื ืืืืโช .โฌืืืื ืืืง ืืืืืืื ืืืืคืื ืืืื ืืฃ ืงืฆืจโฌ โซืืืชืจโช .โฌืืืื ืฉืืืื ืโ โช DA Asโฌืืืืคืื ืืืฆืจ ืืขืืืช ืืืฉืืช ืืงืฉืืจืืชโฌ โซืืชืืคืขืืช ืืืืื ื ืืกืคืืชโช ,โฌืืืืจืืืืช ืืคืจืืืืงืืืื ืืืืคืืืืืโช ,โฌืื ืืืืจโฌ โซืืกืืื ืืืชืจ ืฉื ืืืืคืืโช ,โฌืืชืืืืืช ืืืโืชืจืืคืชืืืชโช ,โฌืืืชืืืืืืช ืขืโฌ โซืืขืืืช ืืืืขื ืืช ืืืืคืื ืืืืจืืโช ,โฌืืืืคืขืช ืขืืืืืช ืืชืจืืคืืช ืืืืฉืืชโฌ โซืืืืืื ืืขืืืก ืืืืื ืขื ืืขืจืืช ืืืจืืืืช ืืฉื ืืืืืจ ืืืืืโฌ โซืืืจืื ืืฉืืืืฉ ืืชืจืืคืืช ืืืโช .โฌืืฉ ืืืืืจ ืฉืืืื ืืืืื ืฉืื ืืืืงืงืโฌ โซืืืืคืื ืืืฉืืื ืืืืืื ืืืฉืื โช SVRโฌืืฉืืขืืจ ืืืื ืืืื (ืโโช)90%-85%โฌโฌ โซืืืืฆืขืืช ืืืคืื ืโ โช SOCโฌืืืืโช .โฌืืื ืืืชื ืืืืื ืฉืืฉืืื ืชืืืืโฌ โซืืืจืืืืืืช ืืืืจื (โช )RVRโฌืืืืจ โช 4โฌืฉืืืขืืช ืืืคืื ืโโช ,SOCโฌืืืืืืื ืืืโฌ โซืขื โช IL28Bโฌืื ืืืืค โช.C/Cโฌโฌ โซืืจืืข ืืืืโช ,โฌืจืง โช 15%-10%โฌืืืืืืื ืขืื ืื ืืงืจืืืจืืื ืื ืืืโช .โฌืืืโฌ โซืืโช ,โฌืืื ืฆืืจื ืืืคื ืืืืคื ืืืืื ืืืืคืื ืืืฉืืื ืืืืืื ืฆืขืืจืื ืืืโฌ โซืืืืืช ืจืงืข ืืฉืืขืืชืืืช ืืืื ืคืืืจืืืืก ืืฉืืขืืชื ืืืคืฉืจ ืื ืกืืชโฌ โซืืืคื ืืืืืื ืืื ืโโช .SOCโฌืืคืฉืจืืช ืกืืืจื ื ืืกืคืช ืขืืืจ ืืืืื ืืืโช,โฌโฌ โซืฉืื ืฆืคืืื ืืืืจื ืืืืจื ืืืืืชืโช ,โฌืืื ืืืชื ื ืฉื โช 3-2โฌืฉื ืืโฌ โซืขื ืืืืคืขืช ืืืคืื ืกืืื ืืืชืจโช ,โฌืฉืคืจืืคืื ืืขืืืืืช ืฉืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืชืจโฌ โซืืฉืชืืคืขืืช ืืืืืื ืืื ื ืืืื ืืืขืืืชโช ,โฌืืืืื ืืื ืืฃ ืืืืื ืฉืืืื ืฉืโฌ โซืืื ืชืจืืคืืชโช.โฌโฌ โซืืื ืกืคืง ืฉืืืืื ืืืงืืงืื ืืืืคืื ืโโช DAAsโฌืืขืช ืื ืืื ืืกืืืืืโฌ โซืืคืืืจืืืืก ืืชืงืื (โช ,)F3/F4โฌืืืคืจื ืืืืื ืฉื ืจืืื ืืฆืื ืืืจืืืโฌ โซืืงืฉืืจืื ืืชืืืื ืืืจืืืืืืช ื ืืืืโช ,โฌืืืืจ ืฉืกืืืืืืื ืืืืื ืโโชSOCโฌโฌ โซื ืืืืื ืืืืืชื ืขืืืื ืืืชืงืื ืืืืกืชืื ืชืื ืฉื ืื ืกืคืืจืืชโช .โฌืืืโฌ โซืืื ื ืืืืื ืื ืืืืื ืฉืืืืืจื โช .null respondersโฌืืืืืื ืืื ืกืืืืโฌ โซื ืืื ืืืฉืื โช 30%( SVRโฌืืืื ืขื ืคื ืืืงืจ ืโโช ,)REALIZEโฌืืืื ืืขืชโฌ โซืืื ืืคืฉืจืืช ืืืื ืืื ืขืืืจืโช .โฌื ืืกืฃ ืืืโช ,โฌืจืืื ืืืืืืจ ืื ืืืืจโฌ โซืฉืืฉืื ืื ืืขืืืืช ืืขืืื ืืคืจืืืืืื ืื ืืืืืื ืืืืืืช ืื ืืกืจื ืืืืโฌ โซืื ืืืืคืื ืฉืื ืื ืืื ืืืืค โช ,1โฌืืจื ืฉืื ืืืืืื ืขื ืื ืืืืค โช 2โฌืโโช 3โฌืืืขืืืืโฌ โซืืืืคืื ืโโช .SOCโฌืืื ืขื ืืืชโช ,โฌืืขืชืื ืืงืจืื ืืืง ืืโโช DAAsโฌืืคืขืื ื ืืโฌ โซืื ืืื ืืืืคืื ืืืคืฉืจืืืืช ืืืืคืื ืชืฉืชื ืื ืโช.โฌโฌ
โซืืจืฅ โช2012โฌโฌ
โซืืงืจ ืืืื | โชupdateโฌืืจืคืืืโฌ
โซืืืคืื ืืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืชโฌ
โซืืืืคืื ืืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืช โช:2012โฌโฌ โซืคืจืืฆืช ืืจืโฌ โซืืื ืฆืืงืจืืโฌ โซืืืืืื ืืืืืืช ืืืโช ,โฌืืืื ืืืคื ืืืืื ืืขืจืื ืืืจืื ืจืคืืื ืืจืืโช ,โฌืฉืืจืืชื ืืจืืืืช ืืืืืชโฌ
โซืโฌ
โซืืืื ืืขืฉืืจ ืืืืจืื ืื ืื ืฉืื ืื ืืฉืืขืืชื ืืืืคืืโฌ โซืืืืืื ืื ืืืคื ืืืจืื ื ืืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืช ืื ืืฉืืขืืจืโฌ โซืืืืืื ืืื ืโช ,โฌืืืืืืื ืืืฉืจ ืืืืืจ ืืื ืืืืค โช1โฌโฌ โซ[โช .]4-1โฌืืฉื ืื ืืืืจืื ืืช ืืืฉืงืข ืืืืฅ ืจื ืืคืืชืื ืชืจืืคืืช ืื ืืโโฌ โซืืืจืืืืืช ืืคืืขืืืช ืืฉืืจืืช ื ืื ืืชืจืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืขืื ืืืืื ืฉื ืืืงืชโฌ โซืืื ื ืืืคืืช (โช ,)direct acting antiviral agents - DAAsโฌืื ืฉืืืืืโฌ โซืืคืจืืฆืช ืืืจื ืืืืฉืืช ืืืืืื ืืืืชืจ ืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืฃ ืืจืืฉืื ืโฌ โซืโโช 1989โฌืืืืืคืื ืืืชืืช ืืืืคืื ืืืืืื ืืืจืื ื ืืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืชโฌ โซืืกืื ืืคืืืืืืก โช .cโฌืฉืชื ืืชืจืืคืืช ืืจืืฉืื ืืช ืืกืื ืื ืื ืืงืืืฆืชโฌ โซืืขืืื ืืคืจืืืืืื โช NS3 - serine protease inhibitors ( NS3/4Aโฌืืโฌ โซโช )incivoยฎ( telaprevir :)PIโฌืโโช .)victrelisยฎ( boceprevirโฌืโโช FDAโฌืืืืจืืงืืโฌ โซืืโ โชEMAโฌื ( โช )European Medicines Agencyโฌืืืฉืจื ืืช ืืฉืืืืฉ ืืฉืชืโฌ
โซืืืื ืืกืคืจ โช :1โฌืชืจืืคืืช ืื ืืโืืืจืืืืืช ืืฉืืจืืชโฌ โซ(โช)Direct Acting Antiviral Agentsโฌโฌ โซืืฉืืืื ืฉืื ืื ืฉื ืืืงืจ ืืคืืชืืโฌ โซโชSelect DAAs in Clinical Developmentโฌโฌ โซโชPhase IIIโฌโฌ
โซโชPhase IIโฌโฌ
โซโชPhase Iโฌโฌ
โซโชBI201335โฌโฌ โซโชTMC435โฌโฌ โซโชBoceprevirโฌโฌ โซโชTelaprevirโฌโฌ
โซ)โชBMS-650032 (asunaprevirโฌโฌ โซโชCTS-1027โฌโฌ โซ)โชRG7227 (Danoprevirโฌโฌ โซโชGS9256โฌโฌ โซโชIDX320โฌโฌ โซ)โชMK7009 (Vaniprevirโฌโฌ โซโชABT-450โฌโฌ
โซโชACH- 1625โฌโฌ โซโชGS 9451โฌโฌ โซโชMK-5712โฌโฌ โซโชVX-985โฌโฌ โซโชPHX1766โฌโฌ
โซโชProteaseโฌโฌ โซโชInhibitorโฌโฌ
โซโชABT-333โฌโฌ โซโชABT-072โฌโฌ โซโชANA598โฌโฌ โซโชBMS-791325โฌโฌ โซ)โชPF00868554 (Filibuvirโฌโฌ โซโชTegobuvirโฌโฌ โซโชVCH-759โฌโฌ โซโชVCH-222โฌโฌ โซโชMK3281โฌโฌ
โซโชBI 207127โฌโฌ โซโชIDX375โฌโฌ โซโชVX759โฌโฌ โซโชGS9190โฌโฌ
โซโชNonโฌโฌโซโชnucleosideโฌโฌ โซโชpolymeraseโฌโฌ โซโชinhibitorsโฌโฌ
โซโชIDX184โฌโฌ โซโชPSI-7977โฌโฌ โซ)โชRG 7128 (mericitabineโฌโฌ
โซโชRG7348โฌโฌ โซโชMK0608โฌโฌ
โซโชNucleosideโฌโฌ โซโชPolymeraseโฌโฌ โซโชinhibitorsโฌโฌ
โซโชBMS-790052โฌโฌ โซโชBMS-824393โฌโฌ โซโชCF102โฌโฌ โซโชAZD7297โฌโฌ
โซโชA-831โฌโฌ โซโชPPI-461โฌโฌ โซโชGS2336805โฌโฌ
โซโชNS5Aโฌโฌ โซโชinhibitorsโฌโฌ
โซืืชืจืืคืืช ืืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ื โช ,2011โฌืืืชืืืโช ,โฌืืื ื ืืืืืช ืืืืคืืโฌ โซืงื ืจืืฉืื ืืืืืื ืืจืื ื ืืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืช ืืกืื ืืคืืืืืก โช Cโฌืื ืืืืคโฌ โซโช 1โฌืืืจื"ื ืืืืืง ืืืจืฆืืช ืืืจืืคืโช .โฌืืื ืโโช 2012โฌื ืืืืืช ืชืจืืคืืชโฌ โซืืื ื"ืกื ืืชืจืืคืืช" ืืืฉืจืื ืืื ืืืืค โช 1โฌืืืชืืืืืช ืืกืืืืืช (ืืจืืชโฌ โซืคืืืจืืืืก ืืืืืช โฅ โช )2โฌืื ืขืืืจ ืืืืื โื ืืืืืื" (โช)treatment-naiveโฌโฌ โซืืื ืขืืืจ ืืืืื โืื ืืกืื" ( โช )treatment-experiencedโฌืฉืื ืืฆืืืืโฌ โซืืืฉืื ืืฆืื โชSVRโฌื ( โช )sustained virological responseโฌืืืืคืืโฌ โซืื ืืโืืืจืืื ืงืืืโช .โฌืขืฆื ืืขืืืืโฌ โซืฉืโโช NS3-serine proteaseโฌืืโโชNS5Bโฌโฌ โซืืขืืื ืืคืจืืืืืืืชโฌ
โซืืืืืจ ืืจืืฉืืโฌ
โซโชRNA-dependent RNA polymeraseโฌโฌ
โซ)โช ( RdRpโฌืืฉ ืชืคืงืื ืืืื ื ืืชืืืืโฌ โซืืืืื ืืืืคืืืโฌ โซืืจืคืืืงืฆืื ืืืืขืื ืืืืื ืฉืโฌ โซืืืืคืื ืืืคืืืืืกโฌ โซืื ืืืฃ [โช ,]4โฌืืคืื ืืืชื ืืืืงืโฌ โซโช Cโฌืื ืืืืค โช 1โฌืืขืืืชโฌ โซืืืืคืื ืืืงืืื ืขื ืฉืื ืืื ืืจืืื ืขืืงืจ ืืืืืฅโฌ โซืืจืืฉืื ืโช .โฌืืฉืืื ืืืงืจ ืืืงืืืืโฌ โซืืโช :โฌืฉืืคืืจ ืืฉืืขืืจโฌ โซืืืชืจ ื ืืฆืื ืชืจืืคืืช ืืืืืื ืืชโฌ โซโช 30%โฌืืืฉืืชโฌ โซืืืจืืืื ื ืืืฃ ืืืจืื ืื ืืืืจืืชโฌ โซืืืืื ืืืืืืืโฌ โซืืงืฉืืจืืช ืืชื ืืืืืกื ืืืฉืจโฌ โซืื ืืืคื ืืืืืืโฌ โซืืฉืืืืช ืืืื ืืจืืงืฆืื ืืื ื ืืืืโฌ โซโื ืืืืืโ ืืืืคืืโฌ โซืื ืืืฃโช .โฌืืืื ืโโช 50โฌืชืจืืคืืช ืฉืื ืืชโฌ โซืงืืื ืืืฉืืขืืจโฌ โซื ืืฆืืืช ืืฉืืื ืืืงืจ ืฉืื ืืโฌ โซโช 64%-24%โฌืืืืืืโฌ โซ(ืืืื ืืกืคืจ โช )1โฌืืืื ืืืืืืชโฌ โซืฉื ืืฉืื ืืืืืโฌ โซืืขืืืื ืื ืืโืืืจืืืืื ืืฉืืจืื ืืืโฌ โซืืืืคืื ืงืืืโฌ โซืโ โช,NS3/4A- protease inhibitorsโฌโฌ โซืโ โช nucleoside ( NS5B-polymerase inhibitorsโฌืโ โชnon- nucleosideโฌโฌ โซโช )inhibitorsโฌืืโโช .NS5A-inhibitorsโฌืืงืืืฆืืช ืืฉืื ืืช ื ืืืืืช ืืืขืืืืชโฌ โซืืคืขืืืืช ืืื ืืโืืืจืืืืชโช ,โฌืืจืืืฉืืช ืืืืคืขืช ืื ืื ืขืืืืื ืืืืืืโฌ โซืืคืขืืืืช ื ืื ืื ืืืืคืื ืฉืื ืื ืฉื ืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืช (ืืืื ืืกืคืจ โช.)2โฌโฌ
โซืืืืคืื ืืชืจืืคืืช ืืื ืืโืืืจืืืืืชโฌ โซืืืฉืืจืืช (โช)DAAsโฌโฌ โซืืฉืื ืืืงืื ืืืืงืจ ืืกืชืืจ ืื ืืืคืื ืืื ืโืชืจืืคื ืืชืจืืคืืชโฌ โซืืื ืืืืื ืืืืคืขืช ืื ืื ืขืืืืื ืืืจ ืืืืจ ืืื ืืืคืื ืืืืืโช,โฌโฌ โซืืืืจืืช ืจืืืืืจืื ืืคืจืืืืงืื ืืืืคืื ืืขืื ืืช ืฉืืขืืจ ืืืืฉื ืืชโฌ โซืฉื ืืืืืโช ,โฌืืืื ืฉืื ืืืืคืื ื ืฉืืจ ืโโชSOCโฌื (โช )pegIFNฮฑ/RBVโฌืโโช48โฌโฌ โซืฉืืืขืืช ืฉื ืืืคืื ืืืืโช .โฌื ืืกืฃ ืืืโช 2 ,โฌืืชืจืืคืืช ืืขืืืืช ืืขืืงืจโฌ โซืืืืคืื ืืื ืืืืค โช 1โฌืืคืืืช ืืืฃ ืืื ืื ืืขืืืืช ืืืืคืื ืืื ืืืืคโฌ โซโช 2โฌืืืื ืืืืค โช .3โฌืืฉ ืฉืื ื ืืื โช 2โฌืืชืจืืคืืชโช :โฌืืืืคืื ืโ โช BOCโฌืืฉ ืฉืืโฌ โซโช lead-inโฌืฉื โช 4โฌืฉืืืขืืช ืฉืืื ื ืืชื ืืืคืื ืโโช ,SOCโฌืืืืืจ ืืื ื ืืชืโฌ
โซโช8โฌโฌ
โซืืจืคืืืโช | updateโฌืืงืจ ืืืืโฌ
โซืืฉืื ืื (โช M645R ,E1064Aโฌืโโช )H1069Qโฌืืืืืื ืืืืืื ืฉื โช 87%โฌืืืืงืจืืโช.โฌโฌ โซโช 4โฌืืืืืฆืืืช ืื ืืชืจืืช (โช M885I ,H1207R ,G1281Dโฌืืืืช ืฉืื ืืืืชื)โฌ โซื ืืฆืื ืื ืืืช ืืฆื ืืืื ืืืืโช ,โฌืืืืืืฆืืืช ืืฉืืืืืช ืืืืืืืกืืื ืืโฌ โซืืฉืืฉืืช ืืืืื ืืืขืื ืขื ืคื ื ืืฉืื ืืช ืืืืืฆืืืช ืื ืืืจืืชโช.โฌโฌ โซืืกืงืจ ืฉื ืืื ืโืชืืืจ ืืฉื ืช โช 1990โฌืจืง ืืฉืคืื ืืืช ืืชืื โช21โฌโฌ โซ(โช )4.8%โฌืืืืชื ืืืืฆื ืืฉืื ืืโช ,โฌืืืขืืืืชื ืฉื ืงืืื ืกืงื ืืฉื ืช โช 1998โฌืจืงโฌ โซโช 3โฌื ืืืงืื ืืื ืืืืฆื ืืฉืื ืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืขืืืช ืืืชโช ,โฌืืขืืืื ืฉื ืคืืืืโฌ โซืืืืื ืืืโช ,โฌืืฆืโฌ โซืืขืืืชืื ืืฉื ืช โช 9 ,1977โฌืืชืืโฌ โซืืจืืืื ื ืืฆืืโฌ โซโช 29โฌืืฉืคืืืช (โช )31%โฌืืื ืืืืฆืโฌ โซืืืืฆืื ืืืืื ืืฉืจโฌ โซืืฉืื ืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืืืชื ืืืื ืืืฉืืืืโฌ โซืคืืืืโฌ โซืฉืโฌ โซืืขืืืืืชโฌ โซืื ืืืืโฌ โซืืจืืืงืื ืื ืืืโช,โฌโฌ โซืืขืืืชืื ืืฉื ืืื ืโืชืืืจ ืืขืืืชืืโฌ โซืืืืจืืช ืืืืฆืืโฌ โซ[โช ,]3โฌืฉืืื ื ืขืฉื ืืืืฅ ืืืืืโฌ โซืฉื ืขืฉื ืื ื ืืชื ืืืโฌ โซืคื ืืืโฌ โซืืืชืจ ืืืืื ืืืืื ืขืโืืืโฌ โซืืืืืช ืงืฉืจ ืืฉืคืืชืโฌ โซืืืืืืงืืชโฌ โซืืืืื ืืืืืืืช ืืืืโฌ โซืืืืจืืช ืืืืจืื ืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืืจืฅโช,โฌโฌ โซืืฉืื ืืชโฌ โซืื ืืืจืืืืืืืชโฌ โซืื ืืื ืืฉืืืืืชโฌ โซืื ืชืื ืื ืืขืืืื ืื ืืฉืงืคืื ืืืืกืืช ืฉื ืืืืืฆืืโช,โฌโฌ โซืืคื ืืืช ืืืืืืช ืฉื ืืืืืืโฌ โซื ืจืื ืฉืืืืืจโฌ โซืฉืื ืืโช ,โฌืืคื ืืืช ืขืฆืืืืช ืฉื ืืืืืโช,โฌโฌ โซืืืืืฆืืืช ืืืืกืืืโฌ โซืืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืืืืชื ืฉืโฌ โซื ืืืงืื ืฉืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืงืืคืืช ืืฉืื ืืืืกื ืขืืืจ ืืืืืงืโช.โฌโฌ โซโช 17โฌืืชืื โช 34โฌืื ืืืงืื ืืขืืืื ืื ืื ืืืืฆื ืืฉืื ืื ืืืฉืชืืืืืโฌ โซืโโช 14โฌืืฉืคืืืชโช .โฌืืฃ ืขื ืคื ืฉืื ืชืื ืื ืืื ื ืืืคืฉืจืื ืืืฉื ืืช ืฉืืืืืชโฌ โซืื ืฉืืืช ืืขืื ืืโช ,โฌืื ืชืื ืื ืฉื ืืกืคื ืขืโืืื ืคืืืื ืืขืืืชืื ืืขืืืื ืขื ืืโฌ โซืฉืฉืืืืืช ืื ืฉืืืช ืืงืจื ืืฉืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืฉืกืืจื ืืขืืจโช.โฌโฌ โซืื ืืืืืืื ืืืฆืื ืืจืืงื ื ืืฆืื ื ืืฉืืื ืืช ืืืืืฆืื โช.H1069Qโฌโฌ โซืืคืืืืืค ืืจืงืข ืฉืขืืื ื ืจืืชื ืืืืืฆืื ืืื ืืขืืงืจื ืืืคืืืืืคโฌ โซืฉื ืืฆื ืืฆื ืืฉืื ืืื ืื ืจืื ืฉืืืืืจ ืืืืืื ืื ืืืช (โช)Genetic driftโฌโฌ โซืืืืืืืกืืื ืืืืืืืกืืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืืืื ืืืโช ,โฌืืฆื ืืจืืืื ื ืืฆืื ืืืืฆืื ืืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืืืชื ืืืืโฌ โซืืืฉืืืื ืืจืืืงืื ืื ืืืโช ,โฌืืืืจืืช ืืืืฆืื ืฉื ืขืฉื ืื ื ืืชื ืืืโฌ โซืืืืืช ืงืฉืจ ืืฉืคืืชื ืืืืจืืช ืืืืจืื ืืโช .โฌืื ืืื ืืฉืืืืืช ืืืืกืืช ืฉืโฌ โซืืืืืฆืืโช ,โฌื ืจืื ืฉืืืืืจ ืืืืืฆืืืช ืืืืกืืืโช .โฌืชืฆืคืืช ืืขื ืืื ืช ืืืืืืืืชโฌ โซืืขืืืื ืื ืืื ืฉื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืืจืืืืืืืืช ืืืจืืืช ( โชCompoundโฌโฌ โซโช )heterozygoteโฌืืืฉืืื ืฉื ืืื ืฉืืโช .โฌืืืกืืก ืื ืชืื ืื ( โชBiobaseโฌโฌ โซโช )HGMDโฌืื ืชืืืจื ืืืืฆืื ืืืโช .โฌืืฆื ื ืืืง ื ืืกืฃ ืืืืฆื ืืจืืงืื ื ืืฆืืโฌ โซืืฉืืื ืืืืืจื ืฉื ืืื ืฉืืโช ,โฌืืื ืืืงืจื ืื ืื ื ืืชื ืืื ืืฉืืืโฌ โซืืโืืืืืชโช.โฌโฌ โซืืืืืืืกืืื ืืืืกืืืืช ื ืืฆื ืจืคืจืืืืจ ืขืฉืืจ ืฉื ืืืืฆืืืชโช ,โฌืืโฌ
โซโช7โฌโฌ
โซืืจืฅ โช2012โฌโฌ
โซืืืช ืืืืืืืช ืืืฉืคืื ื ืชืื ืโช .โฌืืื ื ืืืงืจืื ืฉื ืฆืคื (ืืืขื ืืื)โฌ โซืืืืืื ื ืืืื ืืืืจืื ืฉืืฉ ืืื ืืื ืงืจืืช ืืโช ,โฌืื ืืฉืชืืื ืืืืฉืคืืืชโฌ โซืืืืืื ืื ืืืจืืืืืืืื ืืืจืืืืโช ,โฌืืืฉ ืืื ืฉืชื ืืืืฆืืืช ืฉืื ืืชโช.โฌโฌ
โซืกืืืืโฌ โซืืืืงืืช ืืืืืื ืืืืืฆืืืช ืืืืืช ืืืืกืื ื ืืฆืืืช ืืืืืช ืืฉืืจืืชโฌ โซืืงืืื ืโช ,โฌืืืืงืจืื ืืกืืืืื ืืืืืงื ืืืืื ืืืืืืฃ ืืืืงืืช ืคืืืฉื ืืืชโช,โฌโฌ โซืืืืืื ืืืงืจืื ืฉืืืืื ื ืืื ื ืืืืืชโช .โฌืื ืชืื ืื ืืืคืืืืืืืืืืืโฌ โซืฉืืืฆืื ืืืืืื ืื ืชื ืืืืืขื ืืช ืืืืจืืจ ืืื ืืโช ,โฌืืืืืืฆืืืช ืืืืฉืืชโฌ โซืฉืชืืืจื ืืจืืืืืช ืืช ืืกืืก ืืืืข ืืืืืโช.โฌโฌ
โซืืืืืืืืจืคืืโฌ โซโช1. Frydman M, Bonnรฉ-Tamir B, Farrer LA , Conneally PM, Magazanikโฌโฌ โซโชA , Ashbel S , Goldwitch Z . Assignment of the gene for Wilsonโฌโฌ โซโชdisease to chromosome 13: linkage to the esterase D locus. Procโฌโฌ โซโชNatl Acad Sci U S A . 1985 Mar;82(6):1819-21.โฌโฌ โซโช2. Bull, P. C., Thomas, G. R., Rommens, J. M., Forbes, J. R., Cox, D. W.โฌโฌ โซโชThe Wilson disease gene is a putative copper transporting P-typeโฌโฌ โซโชATPase similar to the Menkes gene. Nature Genet. 1993;5: 327-337.โฌโฌ โซโช3. Bonnรฉ-Tamir B, Frydman M, Agger MS, Bekeer R, Bowcock AM,โฌโฌ โซโชHebert JM, Cavalli -Sforza LL , Farrer LA . Wilson's disease inโฌโฌ โซโชIsrael: a genetic and epidemiological study. Ann Hum Genet. 1990โฌโฌ โซโชMay;54(Pt 2):155-68.โฌโฌ โซโช4. Kalinsky H , Funes A , Zeldin A , Pel - Or Y, Korostishevsky M ,โฌโฌ โซโชGershoni -Baruch R , Farrer LA , Bonne -Tamir B. Novel ATP7Bโฌโฌ โซโชmutations causing Wilson disease in several Israeli ethnic groups.โฌโฌ โซโชHum Mutat. 1998;11(2):145-51.โฌโฌ
โซืจืืฆืืฃ ืืื ืืืื ืืกืืืข ืืืงืจืื ืฉืืื ืืฉ ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืโช,โฌโฌ โซืืืงืจืื ืฉืืื ืืจืืฉ ืืืขืืฅ ืืคื ื ื ืืฉืืืื ืืืืงืจืื ืฉืืื ืืจืืฉืโฌ โซืืืืจื ืืืื ืื ืคืืืฉื ืืช ืืฆืืจื ืืืืืโช .โฌื ืืื ืืขืืืื ืฉืจืืโฌ โซืืืืืฆืืืช ืืจืืืืืช ืึพโช 11โฌืืงืกืื ืื ืืืงืืืฆืืช ืืชื ืืืช ืืืืืจืืชโช,โฌโฌ โซืืืคืืื ืจืคืจืืืืจ ืฉื ืืืืฆืืืช ืฉืืืืืชโช ,โฌืืืืืืงื ืืืฆืขืช ืืืืโฌ โซืืชืืจืืโช ,โฌืืื ืื ืกืืช ืืืฆืืฆื ืขืืืืืชโช .โฌืืฉืื ืจืืฉืื ื ืืืง ืืกืคืจโฌ โซืงืื ืฉื ืืืืฆืืืช ืืืืืจืืช ืืงืืืฆื ืืืชื ืืช ืฉืืืื ืืฉืชืืืโฌ โซืื ืืืงโช .โฌืื ืืืืืงื ืื ืืืื ืคืืโช ,โฌื ืืืงืื โช 11โฌืืืงืกืื ืื ืฉืืืโฌ โซืืจืืืืืช ืจืื ืืืืืฆืืืชโช .โฌืจืง ืื ืืฉื ื ืืฉืืืื ืืจืืฉืื ืื ืืโฌ โซืืชืืื ืคืืโช ,โฌื ืืืงืื โช 10โฌืืืงืกืื ืื ืื ืืชืจืืโช.โฌโฌ
โซืืจืฅ โช2012โฌโฌ
โซโช1โฌืืืืืฆืืืช ืฉืชืืืจื ืืจืืืืืช ืืืชืจโช:โฌโฌ โซโชhttp://www.hgmd.cf.ac.uk/ac/gene.php?-gene= ATP7Bโฌโฌ
โซืืืื ืืก' โช .1โฌืคืืจืื ืืืืืฆืืืช ืฉื ืืฆืื ืืฆื โช 34โฌืืืืื ื ืืกืคืืโช:โฌโฌ โซโชCommentsโฌโฌ
โซโชPatientโฌโฌ โซโชEthnicโฌโฌ โซโชnumber* originโฌโฌ
โซโชAlleleโฌโฌ โซโชnumberโฌโฌ
โซโชExonโฌโฌ
โซโชMissenseโฌโฌ โซโชMutationโฌโฌ
โซโชNewโฌโฌ
โซโชMoslemโฌโฌ
โซโช1โฌโฌ
โซโช2โฌโฌ
โซโช4โฌโฌ
โซโชL568Rโฌโฌ
โซโชAshkenaziโฌโฌ
โซโช6โฌโฌ
โซโช6โฌโฌ
โซโช6โฌโฌ
โซโชM645R#โฌโฌ
โซโชNewโฌโฌ
โซโชAshkenaziโฌโฌ
โซโช1โฌโฌ
โซโช1โฌโฌ
โซโช7โฌโฌ
โซโชM885Iโฌโฌ
โซโชNewโฌโฌ
โซโชMoslemโฌโฌ
โซโช1โฌโฌ
โซโช2โฌโฌ
โซโช12โฌโฌ
โซโชW939Cโฌโฌ
โซโชMoslemโฌโฌ
โซโช2โฌโฌ
โซโช4โฌโฌ
โซโช13โฌโฌ
โซโชA1003Tโฌโฌ
โซโชAshkenaziโฌโฌ
โซโช3โฌโฌ
โซโช3โฌโฌ
โซโช14โฌโฌ
โซโชE1064A#โฌโฌ
โซโชAshkenaziโฌโฌ
โซโช13โฌโฌ
โซโช17โฌโฌ
โซโช14โฌโฌ
โซโชH1069Q#โฌโฌ
โซโชMoroccoโฌโฌ
โซโช2โฌโฌ
โซโช3โฌโฌ
โซโช14โฌโฌ
โซโชH1069Q#โฌโฌ
โซโชIranโฌโฌ
โซโช1โฌโฌ
โซโช1โฌโฌ
โซโช17โฌโฌ
โซโชR1151Cโฌโฌ
โซโชMoslemโฌโฌ
โซโช1โฌโฌ
โซโช1โฌโฌ
โซโช17โฌโฌ
โซโชI1184T+โฌโฌ
โซโชAshkenaziโฌโฌ
โซโช1โฌโฌ
โซโช2โฌโฌ
โซโช17โฌโฌ
โซโชH1207Rโฌโฌ
โซโชIranโฌโฌ
โซโช2โฌโฌ
โซโช2โฌโฌ
โซโช17โฌโฌ
โซโชT1220Mโฌโฌ
โซโชBokharaโฌโฌ
โซโช1โฌโฌ
โซโช2โฌโฌ
โซโช18โฌโฌ
โซโชV1262Fโฌโฌ
โซโชAshkenaziโฌโฌ
โซโช1โฌโฌ
โซโช1โฌโฌ
โซโช18โฌโฌ
โซโชG1281Dโฌโฌ
โซโชBokharaโฌโฌ
โซโช1โฌโฌ
โซโช1โฌโฌ
โซโช18โฌโฌ
โซโชV1286Fโฌโฌ
โซโชAshkenazi,โฌโฌ โซโชBokhara,โฌโฌ โซโชIranโฌโฌ
โซโช3โฌโฌ
โซโช3โฌโฌ
โซโชNewโฌโฌ
โซโชNewโฌโฌ
โซโชUnknownโฌโฌ
โซโชPatientโฌโฌ โซโชEthnicโฌโฌ โซโชnumber* originโฌโฌ
โซโชAlleleโฌโฌ โซโชnumberโฌโฌ
โซโชExonโฌโฌ
โซโชNonsenseโฌโฌ โซโชMutationโฌโฌ
โซโชIranโฌโฌ
โซโช1โฌโฌ
โซโช2โฌโฌ
โซโช2โฌโฌ
โซโชc.846delT#โฌโฌ
โซ?โชIranโฌโฌ
โซโช1โฌโฌ
โซโช1โฌโฌ
โซโช2โฌโฌ
โซโชc.1445delTโฌโฌ
โซโชMoslemโฌโฌ
โซโช2โฌโฌ
โซโช2โฌโฌ
โซโช2-3โฌโฌ
โซโชIVS2+5GTโฌโฌ
โซโชMoslemโฌโฌ
โซโช2โฌโฌ
โซโช2โฌโฌ
โซโช6-7โฌโฌ
โซโชIVS6-19T>T-Aโฌโฌ
โซโชDruzeโฌโฌ
โซโช5โฌโฌ
โซโช9โฌโฌ
โซโช17โฌโฌ
โซโชc.3648del6bp#โฌโฌ
โซโชNewโฌโฌ
โซโชDruzeโฌโฌ
โซโช1โฌโฌ
โซโช1โฌโฌ
โซโชAllel Deletionโฌโฌ
โซโชNonโฌโฌ โซโชpaternity notโฌโฌ โซโชexcludedโฌโฌ
โซโชMoroccoโฌโฌ
โซโช1โฌโฌ
โซโช1โฌโฌ
โซโชAllel Deletionโฌโฌ
โซ*โช52โฌโฌ
โซโช68โฌโฌ
โซโชTotalโฌโฌ
โซโชCommentsโฌโฌ
โซโชNewโฌโฌ
โซืืืืช ืืืืกืืโฌ
โซืืฉืืืืช ืงืื ืืช ืื ืืืืจืืช ืฉื ืจืฆืคื โช .DNAโฌืชืืืจื ืื ืืฉืืืืชโฌ โซืืืืืืชโช ,โฌืืื ืืืกืืก ืื ืชืื ืื ืืฆืืืืจื ืื ืชืืืจื ืืฉืืืืช ืฉื ืืงืกืืโฌ โซืฉืื ืืื ืื ืฉื ืืื ืฉืืโช ,โฌืืืคืฉืจ ืฉืืืืจ ื ืืืข ืืืืืืืช ืฉืืืช ืืืืืโฌ โซืืืืืฆืืืชโช .โฌืืืงืฉืจ ืื ืืขื ืื ืืฆืืื ืื ืืโโช 17%โฌืืืืงืจืื ืืืืคืื ืืื ืฉืโฌ โซืืืืช ืืืืกืื ืื ื ืืฆืื ืืืืฆืื ืืฉืืืืช ืกืื ืืจืืืืชโช.1โฌโฌ โซืืคืืืืืืืืืืโช :โฌืืืืช ืืืืกืื ืืืคืืขื ืืื ืืงืืืฆืืช ืืืชื ืืืชโช ,โฌืืโฌ โซืฉืืืืืช ืืืืื ืฉืื ื ืืืืืืืกืืืช ืฉืื ืืชโช .โฌืืืืืืืกืืืช ืฉืืื ืืฉ ืจืืืืโฌ โซื ืืฉืืื ืงืจืืืื ืืืืื ืฉืืืื ืืืชืจโช .โฌืืืืืืืกืืืช ืฉืืื ืื ืืฉืืืืโฌ โซืื ืืงืจืืืืโช ,โฌืฉืืืืืช ืืืืื ืืื ืโโช 1/30,000โฌืืฉืืืืืช ืื ืฉืืืโฌ โซืืืขืจืืช ืโโช.1/90โฌโฌ โซืืฉืืืืืช ืฉื ืืืืช ืืืืกืื ืืืฉืจืื ืืื ื ืืืืขื ืืืืืืืชโช .โฌืืขืืืืชืโฌ โซืฉื ืืื ืโืชืืืจ ืืขืืืชืื ื ืืกืฃ ืืืืข ืขื โช 51โฌืืฉืคืืืช ืืฉืจืืืืืชโฌ โซืฉืืืืื ื ืืฉื ืื โช.1989-1959โฌโฌ โซืืฉืืืืืช ืฉืืืฉืื ืืงืจื ืืืืืื ืืืืฆื ืืฉืื ืื (โช 10โฌืืฉืคืืืช)โฌ โซืืฆืคืื ืืคืจืืงืื (โช 5โฌืืฉืคืืืช) ืืืืชื โช ,1/40,000โฌืืงืจื ืืืืืื ืืืืฆืโฌ โซืขืืจืืงื (โช 5โฌืืฉืคืืืช) โช ,1:25,000โฌืืงืจื ืืืืืื ืืืืฆื ืชืืื ื (โช6โฌโฌ โซืืฉืคืืืช) โช 1:9,000โฌืืืงืจื ืืืืืื ืืืืฆื ืคืจืกื ืืืืืจื (โช 11โฌืืฉืคืืืช)โฌ โซโช .1:4,000โฌืืฉืืืืืช ืืงืจื ืืืกืืืื (โช 8โฌืืฉืคืืืช) ืืืืชื โช1:10,000โฌโฌ โซืืืงืจื ืืจืืืื (โช 5โฌืืฉืคืืืช) โช.1:3,000โฌโฌ โซืื ืืื ืืฉืืขืืจ ืืืืื ืฉื ื ืืฉืืื ืงืจืืืื ืืงืจื ืืืืกืืืืโช ,โฌืืืจืืืืโฌ โซืืขืืืช ืืืืืืืช ืืกืืืืืชโช ,โฌื ืขืฉื ื ืืกืืื ืืืฉื ืืช ืฉืืืืืช ืืื ืชืืโฌ โซืืชืืฉืืืช ืืืงืื ืืงืจืื (โช )Coeficient of inbreedingโฌืืืื ืื ืฉืจืงโฌ โซโช 90%โฌืืืืงืจืื ืืืชืจืโช .โฌืืืืฉืื ืืื ื ืืฆื ืื ืฉืืืืืช ืื ืฉืืื ืืงืจืโฌ โซืืฉืื ืืื ืืืืกืืืื ืขืืืืช ืขื โช 1/106โฌืโโช 1/108โฌืืืชืืืโช ,โฌืืงืจื ืืืฆืืโฌ โซืืืจืื ืืืจืืืื ืขื โช 1/46โฌืโโช 1/47โฌืืืชืืืโช ,โฌืืงืจื ืชืืื ืื ืขื โช,1/65โฌโฌ โซืืงืจื ืืืฆืื ืฆืคืื ืืคืจืืงื ืขื โช 1/172โฌืืืงืจื ืืืฆืื ืขืืจืืง ืขื โช.1/192โฌโฌ โซืืฉ ืืืชืืืืก ืื ืชืื ืื ืืื ืืืกืชืืืืืชโช ,โฌืืงืจืื ืืืืืื ืฉืืืกืคืจืืโฌ โซืืืืืชืืื ืืืืืื ืืืชืจโช.โฌโฌ โซืจืคืจืืืืจ ืืืืืฆืืืชโช :โฌืืืืืฆืืืช ืฉืชืืืจื ืืื ืืื ื ืืคืืืจืืช ืืืืคืโฌ โซืืงืจืืโช ,โฌืืืืืืืืกืืื ืืืืจืืคืืืชโช ,โฌืืืืืฆืื ืืฉืืืื ืืืืชืจ ืืืโฌ โซืืืืคื ืฉื ืืืืฆืช ืืืืื ื ืืืกืืืืื ืืขืืื โช 1069โฌืฉื โช WNPโฌืืืืืืืืโฌ โซ(โช .)H1069Qโฌืืืืฆืื ืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืโโช 45%-35%โฌืืืื ืืืืืฆืืืชโช.โฌโฌ โซืืืืืืืกืืื ืืืืฆื ืืืจืืื ืืื ืฉืืืื ืืืกืืช ืืืืืฆืื โช R778Lโฌืืืืืืโฌ โซโช 57%โฌืืืื ืืืืืฆืืืชโช.โฌโฌ โซืโโช 80%โฌืืืืืืฆืืืช ืืื ื ืืฆืืืช ืโโช 10โฌืืชืื โช 21โฌืืืงืกืื ืื (ืืงืกืื ืืโฌ โซโช 19 ,18 ,17 ,14 ,13 ,12 ,11 ,10 ,8โฌืโโช )20โฌืืืืงืืื ืืขืื ืขื ืืืฉืืืืชโฌ โซืืคืื ืงืฆืืื ืืืช ืฉื ืืงืกืื ืื ืืืโช .โฌื ืืกืฃ ืืืโช ,โฌืืงืจื ืืืืืื ืืืืฆื ืืฉืื ืืโฌ โซืฉืืืื ืืืกืืช ืืืืฆืื ืืืงืกืื โช )M645R( 6โฌืืืืชืื ืฉืืื ืืืืฆืืช ืืืืฆืืืชโฌ โซืืืืกืืื (โช.)Founder mutationโฌโฌ โซืืฉื ืช โช 1998โฌืชืืืจื ืงืืื ืกืงื ืืขืืืชืื ืืืืฆืืืช ืฉื ืืฆืื ืืฆื ืืืืืโฌ โซืืืฉืจืื ืืกืืืืื ืืืชื ืืคื ืืืืฆื ืืขืืชื ืฉื ืืืืืืโช.โฌโฌ โซื ืืกืฃ ืืืคืืจื ืืขืืโช ,โฌืงืืื ืกืงื ืืขืืืชืื [โช ]4โฌืชืืืจื ืขืื โช 4โฌืืืืฆืืืชโฌ โซืืืืงืืโช D765B :โฌืืฆื ืชืืื ืืโช W969Q ,โฌืืฆื ืืืฆืื ืืืโช/โฌืืื ืืกโชG1213V ,โฌโฌ โซืืฆื ืืืื ืืืืจืืืกืื ืโโช 1639delCโฌืืฆื ืืืกืืืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืฉื ืช โช 2007โฌืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืื ืืื"ื ืฉืืื ืืืฆืข ืจืืฆืืฃ ืฉื ืืืโฌ โซืืืืืช ืืืืกืืโช .โฌืจืืฆืืฃ ืืื ืืืื ืืกืืืข ืืืงืจืื ืฉืืื ืืฉ ืืืืื ืืืืโฌ โซืืืืื ืโช ,โฌืืืงืจืื ืฉืืื ืืจืืฉ ืืืขืืฅ ืืคื ื ื ืืฉืืืื ืืืืงืจืื ืฉืืืโฌ โซืืจืืฉื ืืืืจื ืืืื ืื ืคืืืฉื ืืช ืืฆืืจื ืืืืืโช .โฌื ืืื ืืขืืืื ืฉืจืืโฌ โซืืืืืฆืืืช ืืจืืืืืช ืโโช 11โฌืืงืกืื ืื ืืืงืืืฆืืช ืืชื ืืืช ืืืืืจืืชโช ,โฌืืืคืืืโฌ โซืจืคืจืืืืจ ืฉื ืืืืฆืืืช ืฉืืืืืชโช ,โฌืืืืืืงื ืืืฆืขืช ืืืื ืืชืืจืืโช,โฌโฌ
โซืืงืจ ืืืื | โชupdateโฌืืจืคืืืโฌ
โซ*ืืืืื ืฉื ืืฆืื ืืฆืื ืฉืชื ืืืืฆืืืช ืฉืื ืืช ื ืกืคืจื ืคืขืืืืโช.โฌโฌ โซโช #โฌืืืืฆืืืช ืฉืชืืืจื ืืืจืฅ ืขืึพืืื ืงืืื ืกืงื ืืื' ืืฉื ืช โช]4[ 1998โฌโฌ โซโช +โฌืืืืืฆืื ืืฉื ืืื ืฉื ืืืื ืื โช 1369delCโฌืืืืชื ืข"ื ืงืืื ืกืงื ืืื' [โช.]4โฌโฌ
โซืืื ืื ืกืืช ืืืฆืืฆื ืขืืืืืชโช .โฌืืฉืื ืจืืฉืื ืืืฆืข ืืืืืง ืืกืคืจ ืงืืโฌ โซืฉื ืืืืฆืืืช ืืืืืจืืช ืืงืืืฆื ืืืชื ืืช ืฉืืืื ืืฉืชืืื ืื ืืืงโช .โฌืืโฌ โซืืืืืงื ืื ืืืื ืคืืโช ,โฌื ืืืงืื โช 11โฌืืืงืกืื ืื ืฉืืื ืืจืืืืืช ืจืืโฌ โซืืืืืฆืืืชโช .โฌืจืง ืื ืฉื ื ืืฉืืืื ืืจืืฉืื ืื ืืขืืื ืืจืกโช ,โฌื ืืืงืื โช10โฌโฌ โซืืืงืกืื ืื ืื ืืชืจืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืืืืฆืืืช โช L568R , IVS6-19T>A , M885I , W939Cโฌืโ โช,V1286Fโฌโฌ โซืืืืืืืืช ืืจืืฉืื ืโช ,โฌืื ืืืืฆืืืช ืฉืื ื ืืืืืช ืืืืืจ ืื ืชืื ืื ืืฆืืืืจืโฌ โซืืื ืชืืืจื ืืขืืจโช .โฌืืืืืฆืื โช IVS6-19T>Aโฌืืื ืืขื ืืื ืช ืืืืืื ืืืืืืโฌ โซืฉืืื ื ืืฆืืช โช 19โฌืืกืืกืื ืืคื ื ื ืงืืืช ืืฉืืืืจ ืฉื ืืงืกืื โช ,7โฌืืืืืืจโฌ โซืื ืชืื ืื ืื ืชืืืจื ืืืืฆืื ืื ืืฆืืช ืื ืขืืืง ืืชืื ืืืื ืืจืืโช ,โฌืืโฌ โซืืืฆืจืช ืจืฆืฃ โช( AGโฌืืืงืื โช )TGโฌืฉืืื ื ืงืืืช ืฉืืืืจ ืฉืืืื ืฉืืืืื ืืืืกืืฃโฌ โซโช 19โฌืืกืืกืื ืืืงืกืื โช.7โฌโฌ โซืืืชืืฆืืืช ืขืืื ืื ืืืืงืช ืฉืืืฉ ืืืืฆืืืช ืืงืจื ืืืืืื ืืืืฆืโฌ
โซโช6โฌโฌ
โซืืจืคืืืโช | updateโฌืืงืจ ืืืืโฌ
โซืืจืฅ โช2012โฌโฌ
โซืืืืช ืืืืกืืโช :โฌืืกืคืงืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืฉืจืืโฌ โซืืฉื ืคืจืืืืโฌ โซืืืืงื ืจืื ืืงึพืืืืฃโฌ โซืืืืื ืืื ืื ืข"ืฉ ืืื ืง ืืจืื ืจโช ,โฌืื"ื ืข"ืฉ ืืืื ืฉืืืโช ,โฌืจืืช ืืโช ,โฌืืืคืงืืืื ืืจืคืืื ืข"ืฉ ืกืืงืืจโช ,โฌืืื ืืืจืกืืืช ืชื ืืืืโฌ
โซืโฌ
โซืงืจืืช ืฆืืช ืืื ืืืืช ืืงืืื ืืืช ืืืืจืืคืืืืช ืืืืคืื ืืืืืชโฌ โซืืืืกืืโช ,โฌืื ื ืืืืืื ืขืืืื ืื ืืฉื ืืื ืื ืชืื ืืชืืืืกืืชโฌ โซืืืฉืืืืช ืืืืืืืืช ืืืจืฅโช.โฌโฌ โซื ืืืฉืช ืืื ืืกืื ืงืืจื ืืืื ื ืืืจืืฉ ืืคืขืืืืช ืื ืืืืื ืืืขืจืืืชโฌ โซืืงืจื ืืืืงืืืจืืช ืฉืื ืืชโช ,โฌืขืงื ืืืืืืช ืฉื ืืืืื ืืขืืืจ ืืงืืืชโฌ โซืืืฆื ืืืืืฆื ืืืฆื ืืืืืจ ืืืืคืโช .โฌืืืชื ืืืืืช ืืืงื ื ืื ืืืฉืช ืืชโฌ โซืืฉืืืืชื ืืืืืืืืืชโช ,โฌืขืืืื ืืืจืื ืืคืืืขื ืืืฉืจ ืื ืืืฉืช ืืฆืืืจืชโฌ โซืืขืืืฃ ืืืืฉืจ ืืื ืืกืจื ืืกืืืืช ืืืืืืืืช ืื ืืืจืืชโช .โฌืืืืช ืืืืกืืโฌ โซ(โช )WDโฌืืื ืืืื ืฉืื ื ืืืฉืช ื ืืืจืช ืืืืจืืช ืื ืืง ืืฆืืืจ ืืืืืจืโฌ โซืืืจื ืืืื ืืืืโช ,โฌืืืื ืืืืืืืชโช .โฌืืืืื ืืืขืืจืช ืืชืืจืฉืโฌ โซืืืืืืืืืช ืจืฆืกืืืืช ืืืืจืืืช ืืืงืจืื ื ืืชื ืืืฆืื ืืฆื ืืืืงืื ืืโฌ โซืคืื ืืื โช.ATP7Bโฌโฌ โซื ืืชื ืืืฆืื ืฉืื ืืช ืงืืื ืืช ื ืืืจืช ืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืืโช ,โฌืืืคืืื ืืืโฌ โซืืืืื ืืืืชื ืืฉืคืื ืขืฆืืโช .โฌืืืง ืืืฉืื ืืช ืงืฉืืจ ืืกืื ืืืืืฆืืโช,โฌโฌ โซืืื ืืืงืจืื ืจืืื ืืกืืื ืืฉืื ืืช ืืงืืื ืืช ืืื ื ืืืืขืโช ,โฌืืืืืืกืชโฌ โซืืืฉืคืขืชื ืฉื ืื ืื ืืืชื ืื (โช )Modifier genesโฌืื ืฉื ืืืจืื ืกืืืืโฌ โซืืืืจื ืืืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืื ืืืืื ืืืคื ืืฉื ืช โช 1985โฌืืคืก โช 14.1โฌืืืจืืข ืืืจืืื ืฉืโฌ โซืืจืืืืืื โช .]1[ 13โฌืืฉื ืช โช 1993โฌืืื ืฉืืืโช ,โฌืื ืืฆื ืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืจื ืกืคืืจืโฌ โซืืจื ืกืืืืจื ืื ืืขื ืืชืจ ืคืขืื ืืงืืฉืจ โช ,ATPโฌืืฉืืื ืืืฉืคืืช ืืืืื ืืโฌ โซืื ืงืจืืื โช P - type ATPaseโฌืืืืืงืื ืืืืื ืืื ื [โช .]2โฌืืืืฉื ื ืืฆื ืฉืืืโฌ โซืืื ืืขื โช 21โฌืืงืกืื ืื ืืืงืืื ืืืืื ืฉื โช 1,465โฌืืืืฆืืช ืืืื ื ืฉื ืงืจืโฌ โซโช .WDPโฌืืืืืื ืืขืืืจ ื ืืืฉืช ืืจื ืงืจืื ืืชื ืืืฉ ืื ืฉื ื ืชืคืงืืืืโฌ โซืขืืงืจืืืโช :โฌืืกืืจืช ื ืืืฉืช ืืฆืจืืืืคืืืืื ืืืคืจืฉืช ืขืืืคื ื ืืืฉืช ืืชืืโฌ โซืืืื ืื ืืืจืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืืืื ื ืืื ืืชโช ,โฌืืืืืื ืืื ืืชืจืื ืชืคืงืืืืื (โช ,)Domainsโฌืืฉืืืจืืโฌ โซืืืืื ื ืืืืืืฆืืื ืืชโช :โฌืืงืฆื ืืืืื ื ืฉื ืืืืืงืืื ืืฉ โช 6โฌืืชืจื ืงืฉืืจื ืฉืโฌ โซื ืืืฉืชโช ,โฌืื ืืฆืืื ืืชืื ืืฆืืืืืืโช .โฌืฉืืื ื ืืชืจืื ืืืืจืืคืืืืื ืืืืจืืโฌ โซืืช ืืืืจื ืช ืืชื ืืืจืื ืืชืืฆืขืช ืืขืืจืช ืื ืืืฉืชโช .โฌืืื ืืืชืจโฌ โซืืืืืจืืคืืื ืืจืืืขื ืืืืืฉื ื ืืฆื ืืชืจ ืฉืืืจ (โช ,)Aโฌืืืื ืืืขืืจ ืืฉืืฉืโฌ โซืืฉืืืขื ื ืืฆื ืืชืจ ืืืืจืืื (ืคืืกืคืืจืืืฆืื) (โช )Pโฌืืืืจืื ืืชืจ ืืงืืฉืืจ ืฉืโฌ โซืืืืงืืืช โช ,)N( ATPโฌืืืกืคืงืช ืืช ืืื ืจืืื ืืืจืืฉื ืืชืคืงืื ืืชืขืืโฌ โซืฉืืจืื ืืืขืืจืื ืงืืืื ื ืื ืืืฉืช ืื ืืืืฅ ืืชืโช .โฌืืืชืจ ืืืืจืืื ื ืืฆืโฌ โซืืืืื ืงืืืข ืฉื โช 5โฌืืืืฆืืช ืืืื ื โช Asp-Lys-Thr-Gly-Thrโฌืืืฉืืชืฃโฌ โซืืื ืืืืืื ืื ืืกืื โช . P - type ATPaseโฌืืืืืฆื ืืืกืคืจืืืช ืืืืืืโฌ โซืื ืขืืืจืช ืืืจืืื ืืืื ืืืืืจ ืืขืืจืช ืืงืืืืโช .โฌืืงืฆื ืืงืจืืืงืกืืื ืฉืโฌ โซืืืืืงืืื ืืืื ืื ืืื ืืชืื ืืฆืืืืืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืืงืจืื ืืืืืืงืื ืืืืขืื ืืืื ืืจืื ืื ืจืื ืื ืืืฉืช ื ืกืคืืช ืืงืืืโฌ โซืืืชืจืืกืจืืืโช ,โฌืืืชืืืื ืืฉืชืชืฃ ืืืืื ืืืงืืื ืขืโืืื ืืื โชSLC31A1โฌโฌ โซ)โช .( CTR1โฌืขืืืจืื ืฉืืืืืจื ืืื ืืืืฆืื ืืื ืืคืกืืงื ืืืชืคืชืโฌ โซืืืื ืืชืฉืืขื ืืืืจืืืโช .โฌืื ืืฉืื ื ืืกืฃ ืืืขืืจื ืืกืคืืืช ืื ืืืฉืช ืืืขืโฌ โซืืืืขืืจืชื ืืื ืืืืโืืืจื ืืื ืืื โช ,ATP7Aโฌืฉืืกืจ ืฉืื ืืืจื ืืืืืชโฌ
โซโช5โฌโฌ
โซโช Menkesโฌืขื ืฆืืจืืชืื ืืฉืื ืืชโช.โฌโฌ โซืื ืืืฉืช ืืืขืืจืช ืืืืืื โช WDPโฌืืืืฆืขืืช ืืืืื ืืืงืืื ืขืโืืืโฌ โซืืื โช .ATOX1โฌืืืืื ืื ืฉืืื ืืืฉืคืืช ืโโช .Metallochaperonsโฌืขืืืจืืโฌ โซืฉื ืืจืื ืืื ืืืืฆืื ืืื ืื ืืชื ืืื ืงืฆืจ ืืืืจ ืืืืืโช .โฌืืงืจื ืื ื ืืืโฌ โซืื ืชืืืจื ืืืืฆืืืช ืืื ืืโช ,โฌืืืื ืืืืื ืืืืืช ืืืืกืื ืฉื ืืฆื ืืฆืืโฌ โซืืกืจ ืชืคืงืืื ืืื ืฉื ืืื โช ATP7Bโฌืืืืกืืจ ืืืืื ืฉื โช ,WDPโฌืืคืชืืืโฌ โซืกืืื ื ืืืืช ืืืืกืื ืจืง ืืืืจ ืืื ืฉื ืืโช .โฌืขืืืื ืื ืืขืืื ืื ืืฉ ืืฆื ืื ืโฌ โซืืื ืืจืืื ืืืืจื ืืืืืืช ืืืขืืจืช ื ืืืฉืช ืืื ืืืืื ืืฉืื ืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืืืืื โช WDPโฌืืืืงื ืืฆืืืืืื ืืืขืจืืช ืืืื'ืโช .โฌืืืืคื ื ืืจืืืโฌ โซืื ืืืฉืช ืืฉืชืืจืจืช ืืชืื ืืขืจืืช ืืืคืจืฉื ืฉื ืืชื ืืฉื ืืืโฌ โซื ืงืฉืจืช ืืฆืจืืืืคืืืืื ืืืืืืื ืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืจืื ืืืืืืื ื ืืืฉืชโช.โฌโฌ โซืืืฉืจ ืจืืืช ืื ืืืฉืช ืืชืโฌ โซืขืืืืช ืืขื ืืกืฃ ืืกืืืโช,โฌโฌ โซืืื โช ATP7Bโฌืืืืกืช ืืชโฌ โซโช WDPโฌืขืืื ืืช ืืขืจืืช ืืืื'ืโฌ โซืืฆืืจืช ืืฆืจืืืืคืืืืืโช,โฌโฌ โซืืืืขืืจ ืืืขืืจโืฉืืคืืืืืชโฌ โซืืืื ืืฆื ืืืื ืืืืกืืโฌ โซ(ืืืืงืืืืช) ืื ืืฆืืืช ืืกืืืโฌ โซืจืืืช ืืื ืืื ื ืืืืืชโช.โฌโฌ โซืืืืืจื ืช ืืช ื ืืฆืืจืโฌ โซื ืืกืฃ ืืชืคืงืืื ืืืืืืโฌ โซืืคืจืฉื ืืฆืื ืืจืืืช ืืืจืโช.โฌโฌ โซื ืืืฉืชโช ,โฌืืฆืจืืืืคืืืืืโฌ โซืื ืืืฉืช ืืืืคืจืฉืช ืืืจืโฌ โซืืฉ ืชืคืงืื ืฉืโฌ โซื ืงืฉืจืช ืืืืืื ืื ืืืื ืขืืโฌ โซืคืจืืืืงืกืืืโช ,โฌืืืงืจืโฌ โซืืช ืกืคืืืชื ืืืืืจืช ืืืขืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืืืื ืฉืื ื ืืฆืโฌ โซืืื โช ATP7Bโฌืืืืกืช ืืช ืืฆืืจืชโฌ โซืืฆืื ืืื ืฆืจืืืืคืืืืืโช,โฌโฌ โซืืฆืจืืืืคืืืืืโช ,โฌืืืื ืืฆื ืืืืโฌ โซืืชืคืชืืช ืืืืโฌ โซืืืืกืื ืจืืืช ืืื ืืื ื ืืืืืชโช.โฌโฌ โซื ืืืจืืืืืืช ืื ืืืจโฌ โซื ืืกืฃ ืืชืคืงืืื ืืืืืืโฌ โซืืจืื ืืืขืจืืชโฌ โซื ืืืฉืชโช ,โฌืืฆืจืืืืคืืืืื ืืฉโฌ โซืืขืฆืืื ืืืจืืืืชโฌ โซืชืคืงืื ืฉื ืคืจืืืืงืกืืืโช,โฌโฌ โซืืืงืจื ืืืืื ืฉืื ื ืืฆื ืืฆืื ืืื ืฆืจืืืืคืืืืืโช ,โฌืืชืคืชืืช ืืืืโฌ โซื ืืืจืืืืืืช ืื ืืืจ ืืจืื ืืืขืจืืช ืืขืฆืืื ืืืจืืืืชโช .โฌืืืื ืื ืฉืื ืโฌ โซืืืฆืืจื ืื ืืืจืืืืืืช ืฉื ืืืืช ืืืืกืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืืืื ืืืืข โช Bedlington terriersโฌืขืฉืืืื ืืกืืื ืืืืืช ืืืืจืชโฌ โซื ืืืฉืช ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืืช ืืืืกืืโช .โฌืืฆื ืืืืื ืืื ื ืืฆื ืฉืืคืืโฌ โซื ืืจื ืืืืืฆืื ืืื โช .MURR1โฌืื ืืกืืื ืืช โช in vitroโฌื ืืฆื ืฉืชืืฆืจ ืืืโฌ โซโช MURR1โฌื ืงืฉืจ ืืงืฆื ืืงืจืืืงืกืืื ืฉื โช ,WDPโฌืืื ืืืฉืืขืืชโฌ โซืืชืคืงืืืืช ืฉื ืืืฆื ืื ืืื ื ืืืืขืโช .โฌืืขืืืืชื ืฉื ืฉืืืจ ืืื' ืืฉื ืชโฌ โซโช 2004โฌื ืืฆื ืฉืฉืื ืืืื ืคืืืืืืจืคืืื ืืื ืื ืขืฉืืืื ืืืฉืคืืข ืขื ืืืืืืโฌ โซืืคื ืืืืคื ืืงืจื ืืืื ืืืืกืืโช.โฌโฌ
โซืืืืฆืืืชโฌ โซืขื ืืืื ืชืืืจื ืืืชืจ ืโโช 500โฌืืืืฆืืืช ืืื โช .ATP7Bโฌืโโช 60%โฌืืืืืืฆืืืชโฌ โซืื ืืืืฆืืืช ืฉืืื ืืืืืคืช ืืืืฆืช ืืืื ื ืืืช ืืืืจืชโช ,โฌืืืฉืืจ ืืโฌ
โซืืจืคืืืโช | updateโฌืืงืจ ืืืืโฌ
โซืืจืฅ โช2012โฌโฌ
โซืืืจ ืืขืืจืโฌ โซืืืืืืื ืืจืืฉืื ืฉื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืฆื ืืืจืโช.โฌโฌ โซืชืืืชื ื ืืืืืจื ืืืืืจืื ืืจืืฉืื ืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืงืจืืช ืคืจืกืื ืืื ืืืืช ืืงืืื ืืืช ืืืืจืืคืืืืชโฌ โซืืืื ืืืคืื ืืืืืช ืืืืกืืโช ,โฌืืืื ื ืืช ืคืจืืคืกืืจโฌ โซืืฉื ืคืจืืืืโช ,โฌืืืื ืืืงืื ืืื ืืืืืโช ,โฌืืืืืจโฌ โซืืช ืขืื ืื ื ืืืฉืจ ืืชืคืงืื ืืื ืืืงื ืืืืื ืืืชโฌ โซืืืืงื ืืืฉืจืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืื ืก ืืืืฆืื โืืืื ืคืืืฉ ืืช ืืืืื" ืืกืืื ืืื ืืืืืืง ืขืโืืื ื"ืจโฌ โซืืขืงื ืืืืจโช .โฌืขืื ืืืืืื ืืืืจืื ืื ืืฉืืื ืืืืขืจืื ืืืขืกืืงืื ืืืชื ืโฌ โซืืืช ืืกืคืจืืช ืืชืืื ืืืื โช -โฌืคืจืืฆืช ืืืจื ืืืืคืื ืืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืชโช,โฌโฌ โซืืืืฉื ืืืงืืืืืช ืืฆืืืช ืืืื ืโโช HCCโฌืืื ืืขืช โช .HBVโฌื ืืกืฃ ืืื ืืืืืชโฌ โซืชืืืื ืืืืืจ ืืฉืื ืืกืคืจืืช ืืจืคืืืืช ืื ืืฉื ืฉื โช.NASHโฌโฌ
โซืื ืืืืชืื ืฆืืจืคื ื ืืช ืชืงืฆืืจื ืืื ืก ืฉื ืืืืจื ืืืฉืจืืืืช ืืืงืจโฌ โซืืืื ืฉืืืขืจื ืืืคืจ ืืืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืชื ืืขืชโช ,โฌืืคื ืฉืืืืืจ ืืืช ืคืจืืคืกืืจ ืฉืื ืคืื ืขืืจื "ืืจืคืืื"โช,โฌโฌ โซืืื โืฉืื ื"โช .โฌืืชื ืืืืื ืื ืืืชืื ืชืืืืืช ืืืฉืืืืช ืืืืืจืื ืืฉืืืืโฌ โซืืขืืชืื ืืช ืืืืืืช ืื ืืขืืื ืื ืืฉืืื ืืฉืืืืโช.โฌโฌ
โซืืืจืืช ืื ืก ืืืฆืืโฌ โซืืืืฉื ืืชืืื ืคืืจืืืโช,โฌโฌ โซืคืจืืคืกืืจ ืืขืงื ืืจืืโฌ โซืขืืจื ืืชื ืืขืชโฌ
โซืืืจ ืืื"ืจโฌ โซืขื ืื ืืกืชื ืืชืคืงืื ืื"ืจ ืืืืจื ืืฉืืชื ืฉืืโฌ โซืืจืืื ืฉืืืื ืืืืจื ืฉืื ื ืืชื ืขืช ืืฉืืโช ,โฌืืืืโฌ โซืืขืืืจ ืฉื ื ืืืฆื ืืืืจ ืืืืืืื ืืจืืฉืื ืืืืืืืโฌ โซืฉื ืืชื ืืขืชโช.โฌโฌ โซืืจืฆืื ื ืืืืืืช ืืืขืจืืช โืืจืคืืื"โช :โฌืคืจืืค'โฌ โซืืืืื ืฉืื ืคืื ืืคืจืืค' ืฉืืงื ืฉืืจ ืขื ืืืืืโฌ โซืืจืืื ืืืช ืืืคืจืืค' ืืขืงื ืืจืื ืฉืืื ื ืขืโืืืโฌ โซืืขืืจื ืืจืืฉืื ืฉื ืืขืืชืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืขืืชืื ืืฉืืฉ ืืื ืืกืงืืจืืช ืืืืืืืฉืื ืื ืืฉืืื ืฉืื ืื ืืชืืืโฌ โซืืืืืช ืืืฉืชืืืช ืืืื ืืื ืืคืฉืจ ืืืื ืืืชืขืืื ืื ืขื ืืืืืช ืืคืขืืืืืืชโฌ โซืืฉืื ืืช ืฉื ืืืืจืโช .โฌื ืืกืฃ ืืืโช ,โฌืืื ืืืืืื ืชืคืืจืกื ืกืงืืจื ืฉื ืื ืืฉืืืโฌ โซืฉืืืฆืื ืืื ืก ืืืโืืืื ืืฉื ืชื ืฉื ืืืืจื ืืืชืงืฆืืจืื ืฉืืืฆืื ืืื ืกโฌ โซืกืืฃ ืืฉืืืข ืฉื ืืืืจืโช .โฌืืืืืืื ืื ืืชืคืจืกืืช ืกืงืืจื ืขื ืืงืฉืจ ืืืโฌ โซืืืื ืืืืืโช ,โฌื ืืฉื ืฉืืืฆื ืืื ืก ืืืโืืืื ืฉื ืืืืจื ืืกืคืืืืจ โช,2011โฌโฌ โซืืืชืงืฆืืจืื ืฉื ืืืจื ืืืฆืื ืืื ืก ืืืืจื ืืืคืจ ืืืื โช.2012โฌโฌ โซืืขืืชืื ืืฉืืฉ ืืืขืืจืช ืืืืข ืืืฉื ื ืืขืืื ื ืืื ืืงืืืืจืืืช ืฉืืืโฌ โซืื ื ืขืืกืงืื ืืฆืืจื ืืขืืงืช ืืืืข ืื ืื ืืฉืืื ืืืืขืจืื ืืงืฉืืจืืโฌ โซืืขืืืื ืืฉืืืคืช ืืืืืืืืืช ืืื ืืจืขืืื ืืช ืืืฉื ืืื ืืืืฆืืข ืืืงืจืืโฌ โซืืกืืกืืื ืืืขืืืืช ืืืืงืจ ืฉืื ืโช .โฌืืืืข ืื ืืืื ืืืืืช ืืจ ืคืืจืโฌ โซืืฉืืชืืคื ืคืขืืื ืืจืื ืืืจืฆืืช ืืื ืืืจืืืื ืืฉืื ืื ืืฆืืจื ืืืงืจืืโฌ โซืงืืื ืืื ืืฉืืชืคืื ืืฆื ืืืโช ,โฌืืืฆืืจื ืืืืช ืืืงืจืื ืงืืื ืืื ืืืืจืืชโฌ โซืืคืืจืื ืืืจืฅ ืืฆื ืฉื ืโช .โฌื ืืกืฃ ืืื ืืชืืจืื ื ืืืืงืจืื ืืขืืืื ืืฉืืโฌ โซืืืืืช ืืืฉืชืืืช ืืืืโช ,โฌืืืืื ืชืืจืืื ืืงืืืื ืืืคืืืืืืื ืืจืืโฌ โซืืืืืืืช ืืืืืโืืืืืืชโช ,โฌืืื ืกืืืืช ืืงืฆืืขืืช ืืืจื"ื ืืืืืจืืคืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืืงืจืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืืจืื ืืช ืืืคืคื ืืืคืชื ืืืืืืช ืฉื ืืืงืจืืโฌ โซืงืืื ืืื ืืืืงืจื ืืกืืก ืืฉืืชืคืื ืืืจืืืื ืฉืื ืืโช ,โฌืืืขืืชืื ืืืื ืืฉืืฉโฌ
โซโช3โฌโฌ
โซืื ืืฃ ืืงืืืื ืืืืืืช ืืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืืืืืื ืื ืืืจ ืืขืืจื ืืืชืขืืง ืื ืืฉืืื ืืืโช :โฌืืืืืฉืื ืืืืคืืโฌ โซืืืคืืืฆืืืืจ ืงืจืฆืื ืืืโช ,โฌืชืจืืคืืช ืืืขืืืช ืืช ืืจืืืฉืืช ืืืื ืกืืืืโฌ โซืืืืคืื ืืืื ืืฉืืื ืโช ,โฌืืืืืฉืื ืืชืืื ืืืืกืื ืืืคืืืืืก โช Bโฌืืืฉืืืืชโฌ โซืืื ืืืงื ืืืืืช ืืืืกืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืฉื ื ื ืื ืกื ืืกื ืืืจืืืืช ืืชืจืืคืืช ืืืืฉืืช ืืงืืืฆืช ืืขืืืโฌ โซืืคืจืืืืืืืชโช .โฌืชืจืืคืืช ืืื ืื ืคืจืืฆืช ืืจื ืืฉืืขืืชืืช ืืืืคืื ืืืืืืโฌ โซืืจืื ื ืื ืืืฃ ืืืคืืืืืก โช .Cโฌืขื ืื ืขืืื ืืคื ื ืืืืจื ืืชืืจ ืืฉืื ืืืืชืจโฌ โซืืืื ืืชืืืืืช ืงืืืื ืื ืืื ืืจืืจืื ืืืืืืื ืืืืคืื ืืกืื ืืจืื ืืืืฉโฌ โซืืืืืื ืืจืื ื ืื ืืืฃ ืืืคืืืืืก โช .Cโฌืืืืืืื ืื ืืชืคืจืกื ืืืืจ ืืขืจืืชโฌ โซืืฉืื ืื ืืฉื ืื ืืฆืืจื ืืขืืงืช ืืืืข ืืืืืืขืืช ืืชืืื ืืฉืื ืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืชืงืืคื ืืืช ืืชืื ืื ืื ืืืื ืืืฉืื ืืืืืืืชโช/โฌืืืื ื ืืืื ืืืจืฅโช.โฌโฌ โซืื ื ืจืืฆื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืฆืืื ืืชืคืงืื ืืืืฉโช .โฌืื ื ืืืืื ืฉืื ืืืืโฌ โซืืื ืืืืืื ืชืืื ืื ืฉื ืืืืืช ืืืฉืชืืืช ืืื ืืืืคื ืืืงืฆืืขื ืืืืชืจโฌ โซืืืืืืื ืืืงืจืื ืงืืื ืืื ืืืกืืกืืื ืืฉืืขืืชืืืโช ,โฌืื ืฉืฉืื ืืืคืืืืืืืโฌ โซืืืจืฅ ืืืื ืืืงื ืืฉืืื ืืืงืจืืฅ ืืจืืคืืื ืฆืขืืจืื ืจืืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืกืืืโช ,โฌืืฆืืืช ืืขืืชืื ืืืื ื ืืชืจืืื ืฉื ืื ืืื ืืืืช ืืืชื ืโช.โฌโฌ โซืื ื ืืืืื ื ืืชืื ืืงืืช ืืืง ืืืืื ืืฉืื ืืโช .โฌืื ื ืืชืื ืชืืืืืชโช,โฌโฌ โซืืขืืจืโช/โฌืืืืจื ืขื ืื ืืืจ ืืชืจืื ืืืฆืืืชืโช.โฌโฌ
โซืืืจืืช ืื ืก ืืืฆืืโฌ โซืืืืฉื ืืชืืื ืคืืจืืืโช,โฌโฌ โซืคืจืืคืกืืจ ืืื ืื ืืจืโฌ โซืื"ืจ ืืืืจื ืืืฉืจืืืืช ืืืงืจ ืืืืโฌ โซืืขืืจืืช ืืฉื ืโฌ
โซืืืืืื ืืก' โช | 1โฌืืจืฅ โช2012โฌโฌ
โซืืชื ืืขืช ืฉื ืืืืจื ืืืฉืจืืืืช ืืืงืจ ืืืืโฌ
โซืืืืช ืืืกืชืืจืืช ืืจืคืืืืช ืืืฉืจืืโฌ
โซโช 0โฌืืืจื ืคืชืืืโฌ โซโช 3โฌโฌ โซืืืจ ืืขืืจืโช :โฌืคืจืืค' ืืขืงื ืืจืืโฌ โซ โฌ โซืืืจ ืืื"ืจโช :โฌืคืจืืค' ืืื ืื ืืจืโฌ โซ โฌ โซโช 05โฌืืืืช ืืืืกืืโช :โฌืืกืคืงืืืโฌ โซืื ืืืื ืืืฉืจืืโฌ โซืืฉื ืคืจืืืื ืืืืืงื ืจืื ืืงึพืืืืฃโฌ
โซโช 08โฌืืืืคืื ืืืืงืช ืืืโฌ โซื ืืืคืืช โช :2012โฌืคืจืืฆืช ืืจืโฌ โซืืื ืฆืืงืจืืโฌ
โซโช 12โฌืกืจืื ืืื ืจืืฉืื ืโฌ โซืจืืคืขืช ืกืคืืโฌ
โซโช 19โฌืืืคืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ื ืฉืื ืขื ืจืงืขโฌ โซืืืืืืื ืืืืฆืขืืช ืชืจืืคืืช ืืกืืโฌ โซโชINSULIN SENSITIZERโฌโฌ
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โซโชInsulin sensitisers in theโฌโฌ โซโชtreatment of non-alcoholic fattyโฌโฌ โซโชliver disease: a systematic reviewโฌโฌ
โซืืืจื ืืขืจืืชโฌ โซืขืืจืโช:โฌโฌ โซืคืจืืค' ืืขืงื ืืจืืโฌ โซืขืืจืืช ืืฉื ืโช:โฌโฌ โซืคืจืืค' ืืื ืื ืืจืโฌ
โซืื ื ืืฉืืขืโช ,โฌืฉืืจื ืืืืจึพืฉืืื ืืจื ืืืจืโฌ
โซโช 18โฌืืืกืื ืื ืื ืืืฃ ืืืงืชโฌ โซืืืื ืืกืื โช - Bโฌืขืืืืโฌ โซืืืจื ืฉืืืืช ืืืื ืคืืืืคืกโฌ
โซโช 22โฌืชืงืฆืืจื ืืืืืจืื ืฉืืืฆืืโฌ โซืืืืื ืืื ืก ืืฉื ืชื ืฉื ืืืืจืโฌ โซืืืฉืจืืืืช ืืืงืจ ืืืืโฌ
โซโช 15โฌืขืืืื ืื ืืืืืืช ืืืโช :โฌืจืฉืืืโฌ โซืืืื ืก ืืืึพืืืื ืฉื ืืืืจืโฌ โซืืืฉืจืืืืช ืืืงืจ ืืืื ืืฉืืชืืฃโฌ โซืขื ืืืืืื ืืืฉืจืืื ืื ืคืจืืืืืื โช-โฌโฌ โซโืืืื ืคืืืฉ ืืช ืืืืื" โช-โฌโฌ โซโช 6โฌืืกืคืืืืจ โช2011โฌโฌ โซืืขืงื ืืืืจโฌ
โซืืขื ืืืืจื ืืืงืจ ืืืืโฌ โซืืืจื ืืช ืืจืืคืืื ืืืืจืืโฌ โซืืืฉืชืชืคืื ืืื ืก ืืฉื ืชืโฌ โซืฉื ืืืืจื ืืืงืจ ืืืื ืืืืืโฌ โซืืืืื ื ืื ืก ืืื ื ืืคืืจืโฌ
โซืขืืจืืื ืืืขืฆืืโช:โฌโฌ โซืคืจืืค' ืืืืื ืฉืื ืคืืโฌ โซืคืจืืค' ืืืืฉืข (ืฉืืงื) ืฉืืจโฌ โซืคืจืืค' ืื ืงืจืโฌ โซืืชืืืช ืืืขืจืืชโช:โฌโฌ โซืจื' ื'ืืืืื ืกืงื โช ,35โฌืื ืืื ืืชืืืืื โช,2โฌโฌ โซืช"ื โช ,3566โฌืจืืช ืืโช ,โฌืืืงืื โช52136โฌโฌ โซืื'โช ,03-6100430 :โฌืคืงืกโช03-7519673 :โฌโฌ โซืืื"ืโชharefuah@ima.org.il :โฌโฌ โซืื ืืืืืขืืช ืืืชืคืจืกืืืช ืืขืืชืื ืื ืขืโฌ โซืืืจืืืช ืืืคืจืกืืื ืืืืโช .โฌืืืึพืื ืื ืชืืืโฌ โซืืืืืจืื ืืื ืขื ืืืจืืืช ืืืืชืืื ืืืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืขืืจืื ืืขืืชืื ืืืืกืชืืจืืช ืืจืคืืืืชโฌ โซืืืฉืจืื ืืื ืื ืืืจืืืช ืืชืืื ืืืืืขืืชโฌ โซืืืืืืจืืโช.โฌโฌ
โซืคืจืกืื ืืฉืืืืงโช :โฌืงืืืฆืช ืืืื ืคืืจืโฌ โซืืืืจ ืืืจืืโช050-5569003 :โฌโฌ โซืืืื ืคืจืฅโช050-3003304 :โฌโฌ โซโชwww.mediafarm.co.ilโฌโฌ
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โซืกืจืื ืืืืโฌ
โซืกืจืื ืืื ืจืืฉืื ืโฌ โซืจืืคืขืช ืกืคืืโฌ โซืืืืืื ืืืืืืช ืืืโช ,โฌืืื"ื ืืืกื ืืืืช ืืกืคืจ ืืจืคืืื ืฉื ืืืกื ืืืืื ืืืจืกืืื ืืขืืจืืชโช ,โฌืืจืืฉืืืโฌ
โซืโฌ
โซื ื ืืคืจืกืืื ืขืืืื ืื ืืืืจ ืคืจืกืืื ืฉื ืืืืจ ืืกืงืืจืโฌ โซืฉื ืกืืจืืืณ ืืืืจืื ืื ืืฉื ืกืจืื ืืื (ืก"ื)โช ,โฌืฉืืื ืืืืืฉืโฌ โซืืฉืืืืืชื ืืงืจื ืืืจืื ืืฉืืืขื ืืฉืืืืืชื ืืงืจื ื ืฉืืโฌ โซืืขืืื [โช .]2,1โฌืืขืฉืจืื ืืืฃ ืืงืจืื ืืืฉืื ืืชืืืื ืืื ืฉื ื ืืืจืฆืืชโฌ โซืืืจืืชโช .โฌืืจืืืช ืืชืืืืืโช ,โฌืโโช ,85%โฌืงืืจืืช ืืืืื ืืช ืืชืคืชืืืชโช ,โฌืฉืืืโฌ โซืกืืืืื ืืืืืื ืื ืืื ืืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืช ืืกืื โชBโฌื (โช .)HBVโฌืก"ื ืืืคืืขโฌ โซืืขืชืื ื ืืืจืืช ืืคื ื ืืื โช ,40โฌืืฉืื ืืืคืขืชื ืืืื โช .70โฌืฉืืืืืช ืก"ื ืืงืจืโฌ โซืืืจืื ืืืืื ืคื โช 4-2โฌืืฉืืืืืชื ืืงืจื ื ืฉืืโช .โฌืก"ื ืืืืืืก ืืืืืืโฌ โซืื ืืืฃ ืืืื ืืกืื โชCโฌื (โช )HCVโฌืืืคื ืืืืืช ืกืืืช ืืืืืช ืชืืืืืชโืกืจืืโฌ โซืืืืืืื ืืืจืฆืืช ืืืจืืชโช .โฌืืืืจืขืืช ืก"ื ืืืจืฆืืช ืืืจืืช ืขืืชื ืืฉื ืโฌ โซืืขืฉืืจืื ืืืืจืื ืืโช ,โฌืื ืืืืืฆืข ืฉื ืืืฉืจืืืช ืโโช 5โฌืฉื ืื ื ืืชืจ ื ืืืโฌ โซืโโช.12%โฌโฌ โซืืืจืื ืืกืืืื ืืขืืงืจืืื ืืก"ื ืืืืืื ืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืช ืืกืืโฌ โซโช Bโฌืื โช ,Cโฌืืืืช ืืื ืืืืืืืืืช ืืืื ืื ืจืื ืืืืช ืืื ืฉืืื ื ืืโฌ โซืืืืืืืืืช [โช .]2โฌืืืจืื ืกืืืื ืฉืืืืื ืคืืืช ืื ืืืืืจืืืืืืืก ืืืืืชโช,โฌโฌ โซืืกืจ ืโโช ฮฑ1โฌืื ืืโืืจืืคืกืืโช ,โฌืืืงืช ืืื ืืืืืืืืื ืืชโช ,โฌืืืง ืืืคืืจืคืืจืืืชโฌ โซืืืืืช ืืืืกืืโช .โฌืืฉ ืฉืื ื ืจื ืืคืืืืจโฌ โซืฉื ืืืจืื ืกืืืื ืืื ืืงืจื ืืืื ืืืืจืขืืช ืก"ื ืืืจืฆืืชโฌ โซืืืจืืช ืขืืชื ืืฉื ืโฌ โซืก"ืโช ,โฌืืืื ืชืืื ืืืืืจ ืืืืืืจืคืโฌ โซืืขืฉืืจืื ืืืืจืื ืืโช,โฌโฌ โซืืืืืฆืโช .โฌืฉืืืช ื ืืฆืื ืืฆืโฌ โซืื ืืืืืฆืข ืฉืโฌ โซโช 80%โฌืขื โช 90%โฌืืืืื ืกืจืืโฌ โซืืืฉืจืืืช ืโโช 5โฌืฉื ืืโฌ โซืืืืโช .โฌืืขืืืโช ,โฌืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืชโฌ โซื ืืชืจ ื ืืื ืโโช12%โฌโฌ โซืืกืื โช Bโฌืืื ืืืืจื ืืืืฆืืชโฌ โซืืงืจื ืก"ื ืืืืคื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืงืจืื ืืงืจื ืืืืืชโช .โฌืืื ื ืืืงืช ืืืโฌ โซื ืืืคืืช ืืกืื โช Bโฌืืืืื ืืืจืื ืืก"ื ืืื ืฉืืืชโช ,โฌืื ืืจืื (โช)80%-70%โฌโฌ โซืืฉ ืฉืืืช ืืืงืจืื ืืืโช .โฌืืกืืืื ืฉื ื ืฉืื โช HBVโฌืืืืืช ืืก"ื ืขืืืโฌ โซืืืืืื ืืงืจื ืืืจืื ืื ืืืืืจืื ืืกืืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืฉืโช ,โฌืืืฉืจโฌ โซื ืืฉืคื ืืืคืืืืืงืกืืโช ,โฌืฆืจืื ืืืืืืื ืื ืขืืฉื ืโช ,โฌื ืืืงื ืืืืืื ื ืืกืฃ โช-โฌโฌ โซโช HCVโฌืื โช HDVโฌืื ืฉืืขืืืก ืื ืืืคื ืฉืืื ืืืืโช ,โฌืืื ื ืืืงืื ืขื ืื ืืืืคโฌ โซโช .Cโฌืืืจืื ืกืืืื ืืกืจืื ืืื ืืงืจื ืืืื โช HCVโฌืืืืืื ืืื ืืืืืจ ืืขืชโฌ โซืืืืืืงืืชโช ,โฌืืืจืืโช ,โฌืืืืื ื ืืกืฃ ืโโช immunodeficiency virusโฌืื ืโโช,HBVโฌโฌ โซืืืื ืื ืจืื ืกืืืจืช ืื ืืฉืื ืโช .โฌืฆืจืืื ืืจืืื ืืืืืฉืืช ืฉื ืืืืืืืโฌ โซืืืืื ืืืืจื ืืืืืจ ืกืืืื ืืืืคืขืช ืกืจืื ืืืื ืื ืืืืคื ืืืชื ืชืืืโฌ โซืืื ืืชืืืช ืืืืืื ืโโช ,HCVโฌืืืงืฉืจ ืืืฉ ืืืชืจ ืื ืชืืืื ืืืืืื ืโโช.HBVโฌโฌ โซืืืคืืืื ืืื ืืืกืื ื ืื โช HBVโฌืืืืคืื ืื ืืโืืืจืืื ืืจืกื ืืืืืโฌ โซโช HBVโฌืื ืืกืืง โช HCVโฌืืืืืื ืคืขืืืืโช ,โฌืืืจืืืื ืืช ืืกืืืื ืืก"ืโช,โฌโฌ โซืื ืื ืืขืืืืื ืืืชื ืืืืืืโช .โฌืขื ืคื ืื ืืืืช ืืืืคืื ืฉื ืืืจืืืโฌ โซืืืืจืืงืื ืืืงืจ ืืืืโช ,โฌืืืืืฅ ืืืฆืข ืืืืืื ืืกืืืื ืืืืืจ ืกืจืืงืโฌ โซืืืืชืืจ ืก"ืโช .โฌืืืืืฆื ืืืงืืืืช ืืืื ืืื ืืืฆืข ืกืจืืงื ืืขืืจืชโฌ โซืกืื ืจ ืืื ืืจืืช โช AFPโฌืคืขื ืืฉืืฉื ืืืืฉืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืกืืืืืโฌ โซืืฉืืืช ืืื ืื ืืคืืืจืืืืก ืืชืงืืโช ,โฌืืื ืงืฉืจ ืืืืืช ืจืงืขโช .โฌื ืืกืืืโฌ โซืฉื ืขืฉื ืืฆืคืื ืืืจืืงื ืืืขืจืื ืกืืื ืื ืืืืืืืืื ืืืจืื ื ืืฉืโช,โฌโฌ
โซืืจืืืช โช des-gamma-carboxyprothrombinโฌืื โช AFPโฌืืงืฉืืจ ืืืฆืืืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืืืืืจืคืื ืืืืืฉืืช ( โช )CTโฌืืชืืืื ืืื ืืืช ( โช )MRIโฌืืื ื ืืืืืฆืืชโฌ โซืืกืงืืจืช ืก"ื ืืืงืืืชโช ,โฌืฉืื ืขืืืื ืื ื ืืืื ืืจืืืฉืืช ืืืืืืืืืืชโฌ โซืืืืืงืืช ืืื ืืื ืืจืืืืช ืืขืืืืืช ืืืืืืช ืืืืฉืืคื ืืงืจืื ืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืืืฉื ืืงืืื ืืช ืืืืกืกืช ืขื ืืืื ืืืืืืโช .โฌืืืงืจืื ืฉื ืฉืืืชโฌ โซืืืืคืขืช ืืืฉ ืืืื ืฉืงืืืจื ืืืื ืืฉื ื ืก"ืโช ,โฌืืืืื ื ืืืืื ืืืชืืกืก ืขืโฌ โซืืืคืืื ื ืืืืื ืืืคืืกืืื ืฉื ืืืืจื ืขืืจืงืืช ืืืงืืืช ืืฉืืืคื ืืืืจืโฌ โซืืฉืื ืืจืืื ืื ืืืืืจ ืฉื โช CTโฌืจืโืฉืืื (ืืื ืืืืจ ื ืืืื ืืฉืื ืขืืจืงืโช,โฌโฌ โซืฉืื ืืจืืื ืืฉืื ืืืืืจ)โช ,โฌืื ืฉื โช MRIโฌืืื ืื ืขื ืืืืืื ืืืโช .โฌืฉืื ืืื ืืืืืืชโฌ โซืืืฆืืืขืื ืขื ืืืืจื ืืืงืืืช ืืชืืกืกืื ืขื ืืขืฉืจืช ืืืืฉ ืืืื ืืโฌ โซืฉืืงืืจื ืืขืืจืง ืืืืโช .โฌืืืฉืจ ืงืืืจ ืื ืืข ืืืื ืฉื ืืืื ืฉืืืช ื ืขโฌ โซืืื โช 1โฌืโโช 2โฌืก"ืโช ,โฌืืืืืฅ ืืงืื ืชืืืื ืืจื ืืื ืืืืฆืขืืช ืฉืชื ืฉืืืืชโฌ โซืืืืืช ืืื ืืืืืช ืืืืืโช .โฌืืฉ ืืฉืงืื ืืืืคืกืื ืืืืืฆื ืืืื ืืืืจืืชโฌ โซืจื ืืื ืืฉื ืจืืืช ืืชื ืืืืช ืื ืืืคืืกืืช ืฉืืโช ,โฌืืฉืืฉ ืกืชืืจื ืืื ืืืืืืืชโฌ โซืืืื ืืืืืชโช ,โฌืื ืืฉืืฉ ืืฉื ืืืืืืจืืช ืฉื ืื ืืขืื ืืื ืฉืืืชโช.โฌโฌ โซืืกืื ื ืฉื ืคืืืืจ ืืืืืื ืืืืจื ืชืขืืช ืืืืคืกืืืช ืืื ืืื ืงืื ืโฌ โซ(โช .)2.7%โฌื ืืขืื ืงืื ืื ืืก"ื ืืืืืืื ืืขืงื ืฆืืื ืืขืืจืช ืืืืืชโช.โฌโฌ โซืืืืคืกืื ืฉืืืืืช ืืืืืืจืืช ืืื ื ืฉืืืืช ืกืจืืโช ,โฌืืืื ื ืืจืฉ ืืขืงืโฌ โซืืืืชื ืงืฉืจืืช ืื โช 6-3โฌืืืืฉืื ืขื ืืืืขืืืืช ืื ืืืืื ืื ืขื ืฉืืืโฌ โซืืืคืืช ืืืืคืืกืืช ืืก"ืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืฉืืื ืืกืคืจืืืช ืืืจืฆืืื ื โชBCLC -โฌื ( โชBarcelona Clinic Liverโฌโฌ โซโช ,)Cancerโฌืืื ืืืื ืืฉืืื ืืืงืืืืช ืืืขืจืืช ืืืคืื ืืื ืื ืฉืืโฌ
โซโช12โฌโฌ
Treatment for Chronic Hepatits B
BAR-02-11
Effective viral suppression1,2 + high genetic barrier1,2
Biotis is an exclusive representative of selected brands of BMS
Biotis Ltd. 22 Hamelacha St. P.O.Box 11372, Rosh Haรข&#x20AC;&#x2122;Ayin, 48091 Tel: 03-9002050 Fax: 03-9002029 www.biotis.co.il Please refer to Baraclude approved Israeli Ministry of Health Physician Prescribing Information References: 1. Baraclude (entecavir) MOH approved physician prescribing leaฤ&#x192;&#x;et, June 2009 2. Tenney DJ et al. Hepatology (2009) Vol 49, 1-12 Indication: Baraclude is indicated for the treatment of chronic HBV in adults with compensated liver disease and evidence of active viral replication and persistently elevated ALT levels. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients. Special warnings and precautions: dosage adjustment is recommended for patients with renal impairment, possible acute exacerbation of hepatitis, a higher rate of serious hepatic adverse events has been observed in patients with decompensated cirrhosis, occurrences of lactic acidosis (in the absence of hypoxaemia), sometimes fatal, usually associated with severe hepatomegaly and hepatic steatosis, have been reported with the use of nucleoside analogues, patients should be advised that therapy with entecavir has not been proven to reduce the risk of transmission of HBV and therefore appropriate precautions should still be taken, this medicinal product contains lactose. There are no adequate data from the use of entecavir in pregnant women.
โซืืชื ืืขืช ืฉื ืืืืจื ืืืฉืจืืืืช ืืืงืจ ืืืืโฌ โซโ|โืืืืช ืืืกืชืืจืืช ืืจืคืืืืช ืืืฉืจืืโฌ2012 โซืืจืฅโฌ
For first choice treatment of bleeding oesophageal varices the only therapy that IMPROVES SURVIVAL *
โซืชืงืฆืืจื ืืื ืก ืฉื ืืืืจืโฌ โซืืืฉืจืืืืช ืืืงืจ ืืืืโฌ โซืฉืืืขืจื ืืืคืจ ืืืืโฌ 2012 โซ ืืืจืฅโฌ17-15โซืึพโฌ
References: 1. Bosch et al. Seminars in Liver Disease 2008;28;3-25 2. Bosch J et al. Journal of Hepatology; 48 (2008); s68-s92 3. Cardenas A. Clin Liver Dis 14 (2010) 251-262 4. Doctor's leaflet June 2010
:โซืืืืช ืืืืกืืโฌ โซืืกืคืงืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืฉืจืืโฌ -โซืกืจืื ืืื ืจืืฉืื ืโฌ C
โซืืืืคืื ืืืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืคืืช ืืกืืโฌ
Ferring Pharmaceuticals Ltd. P.O.Box 3551, Caesarea Industrial Park 38900, Israel Tel.:+972-4-6309500 Fax: +972-4-6309511 www.ferring.com
*Approved indication: Bleeding oesophageal varices and treatment of type I hepatorenal syndrome