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4 z¾-z¸º-FÛ-z®ßmü ÁïÅ-¼GÛ -¾Å-DPÞ Å-Æô¾-Mãm-ÁïÅ-»ôm-±m-qÅ-¯ô¤-OÛG-‚Åü
¯ô¤-OGÛ -ºGm-ºDÞ¼-zü ¯ô¤-OGÛ -qü ¤hÝm-ÁôG-hP-¼Û-¤ôü WâÅ-ºGôhü
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z=-ÁÅÛ -hmô -Izâ ü Vz-ƒG-¿-Ë ¤-ô BzÅü ±ï-zdmü z=-ÁÛÅ-hôm-Iâzü
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© Department of Education, Central Tibetan Administration Gangchen Kyishong, Dharamsala
(zôh-M¾-¾ô-2135 xÛ-¾ô-2008) ÁïÅ-¼GÛ -¾Å-DPÞ Å-Æô¾-Mãm-ÁïÅ-»ôm-Çkï-±m-mÅ-¯ô¤-OÛG-‚Åü zôh-GŸÝP-ÁïÅ-¼ÛG-q¼-DP-mÅ-hq¼-Cæm-hP-ºIï¤Å-Çtï¾-‚Åü Special Acknowledgement Funding for this project raised by Tibet House Trust, London from the Comic Relief UK
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ºhïGÅ-hP-D-Ç+ôP-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-hGôÅ-¤Dô-Ç+ôP-zºÛ-Vïh-hÝ-»Ûm-ŸÛP.ü Eh-q¼-º²Ûm-IÔzŸÛ-qºÛ-ÇÀôz-±m-10ü22 q-hP.ü º²Ûm-IÔ-iâG-qºÛ-M¾-¼zÅ-ÇÀôz-±m-1 mÅ-6 q-z¼-zTÅ-ÇÀôz-±m-HÛ-mP-hôm-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-¸Þ¼-z¿eºÛ-Vïh-zïh-uôh-‚-ºôÅ-¾GÅ-mü ºƒï¾-»ôhhGï-Lm-n¤Å-ˆÛÅ-z;ô¾-uôh-±ß¾-zŸÛm-»ôP-zºÛ-ºzôh-Ç+ݾ-ŸÝ-Mã-»Ûmü hï-»P-ºhÛ-G-Æô¾-Mãm-±m-q¼-¯ô¤-OÛG-¾Å-¤Û-hP-¤fÞm-Aïm-ÅôGÅ-GP-TÛºÛ-fh-±hz;G-Vï-mºP.ü z½‰m-hïz-ºhÛ-ºi-ŸÛG-ºhôm-Çtï¾-fÞz-±ï-m-GŸôm-ÇÀôz-yâG-n¤Å-¾-wm-fôGź‚ãP-Mã-ǨôÅ-¤ïh-¾-zdïmü ºƒï¾-»ôh-¾Å-¼ôGÅ-±P-¤Å-ºzh-¯ô¾-Vïm-qô-GmP-zºÛ-Zï¼-¾ïmHÛÅ-¤Þ-ºƒï¾-z½‰m-hïz-ºhÛ-M-VïºÛ->ÀôG-q-qô-n¤Å-ˆÛ-um-¾¤-hÝ-ºzÞ¾-¾¤-ŸÝ-fÞz-q-‚ãP-ÅôP-zÅü ¾Å-GŸÛ-ºhÛ¼-hPôÅ-ÅÞ-ŸÝGÅ-¤Dm-xG-¼ôGÅ-n¤Å-hP-ü ¤fÞm-ºHã¼-hP-Mz-Bô¼-GmP-¤DmHÛ-ºƒï¾-»ôh-±P-¤¼-¾ïGÅ-ÅôºÛ-zÇSGÅ-zXôh-ŸÝ-Mã-hP.ü Eh-q¼-h‚Ûm-»Þ¾-¾ôm-^ôm-hÝ-ºDôh-qºÛzôh-ˆÛ-»Ûh-VïÅ-hGï-¯-DP-zMãh-»Þ¾-hïºÛ-;¤-¤Û;-¼Û-¾ïw-(Comic Relief)ŸïÅ-qºÛ-¼ôGÅ-±ôGňÛÅ-¤Þ-ºƒï¾-z½‰m-hïz-ºhÛºÛ-hq¾-º‚ô¼-HÛ-¤fÞm-Aïm-¤Dô-ºhôm-GmP-z¼-ljÛP-fG-q-mÅ-fÞGÅ-XïVï-ŸÝ-Mã-zTÅü ÁïÅ-¼ÛG-¾Å-DÞPÅ-Æô¾-Mãm-ÁïÅ-»ôm-±m-qÅü xÛ-¾ô-2007 ¹-12 ±ïÅ-17 ZÛmü
1] Vß-ºƒâG-(xÛ-¾ô-632)¾ôºÛ-ZÛm-ŸÛG zôh-ˆÛ-z®m-qô-ÆôP-z®m-ÇK¤-qôºÛ-fÞGÅ-¾ü zhG-GÛEÛ¤-¤±ïÅ-M¾-Dz-±ô¼-ÅPÅ-MÅ-ˆÛ-VôÅ-h¼-ºhÝG zôh-ºhÛ¼-»P-h¤-qºÛ-VôÅ-¾-¾ôPÅ-ÅÞ-uôhMãºÛ-Ç+¾-z-¿km-m-TÛ-¤-¼ÞP-lj¤-ŸÛP.ü hGôPÅ-q-zŸïÅü
2] ÆôP-z®m-ÇK¤-qôÅ-zôh-Vïm-qôºÛ-M¾-ÆÛh-VôÅ-zŸÛm-BôP-zºÛ-fÞGÅ-¼ï-Vïm-qôÅü dG-bà-¼P-GÛfÞGÅ-h¤-HÛ-¿Ë-fÞGÅ-Xï-Vïm-qô-®m-hm-HÛ-Ç+Ý-¼P-‚ôm-ŸÛG-»ôh-q-hï¼-GÅô¾-z-zbzü
3] ZÛm-ŸÛG-fô-¼PÅ-®¤-¾-M¾-qôºÛ-©Û-¾¤-hÝü ®m-hm-Ç+ݺÛ-fÞGÅ-;-mÅ-ºôh-¸ï¼-GZÛÅ-ºyôÅbï-Á¼-mÝz-GZÛÅ-ÅÞ-ÅôP-ŸÛP.ü ºôh-¸ï¼-HÛ-Çoï-GZÛÅ-¾Å-¿Ë-¤ô-h;¼-ÇSô-¸ÞP-GÛÅ-M¾-zºÛ-Ç+Ý-¼ï-umiPÅ-bï-z®m-qô-¼P-GÛ-z®ßm-¤ô¼-‚ôm-q-ŸÛG-©ÛÅü
4] hï-mÅ-z®m-qô-¤m¾-Åh-hïü ©Û-¾¤-HÛ-hôm-¾-zdGÅ-qÅü M-z¾-M¾-qôºÛ-ÆÅ-¤ô-GZÛÅ-z®ßm¤ô¼-zÅÞÅ-mü zôh-hÝ-h¤-qºÛ-VôÅ-h¼-TÛP-M¾-D¤Å-zhï-ŸÛP-BÛh-qºÛ-dGÅ-ÅÞ-¤Eïmü
5] hï-mÅ-m¤-¾PÅ-q-hP.ü M¾-qôÅ-„Àôm-Vïm-±ô¼-ºhÛºÛ-Ç+ô¼-z;º-¤ô¾-ŸÛG-GmP-hGôÅ-hGôPÅbï-z;º-ºGÝGÅ-GmP-ü „Àôm-Vïm-n¤Å-wô-ƒP-hÝ-ºhÝÅ-mÅü z®m-qô-Ç+Ý-zhﺤü fÞGÅ-zhï-¾GÅŤ-ŸïÅ-º±¤Å-ŸÝºÛ-GÝÅ-xG-wÞ¾ü
6] z®m-qô-fÞGÅ-ÁÛm-bà-hHïÅ-qºÛ-Z¤Å-zTÅü zhG-ÁÛm-bà-zhïü ŸïÅ-¤±m-¾¤-WÛ-¿e¼-‚ãP±ß¾-ŸÛz-JÀïP-GÛÅ-„Àôm-qô-±ô¼-»P-Z¤Å-Åh-TÛG-¾ïm-xÛ¼ü ©Û-¾¤-hïºÛ-mP-hôm-TÛ-»Ûm-m¤ü ŸïÅz;º-ºiÛ-GmP.ü
7] z®m-qô-hP-Ç+Ý-m-¤Z¤-qºÛ-„Àôm-VßP-fôm-¤Û-m-¼ïü ‘‘M¾-qô-¤VôG-¾-VôÅ-zÅôh-Vïü ym-HÛÅhrh-mü z¾-qô-hP-M-mG-M¾-qôºÛ-ÆÅ-¤ô-GZÛÅ-z®ßm-¤ô¼-zÅÞÅ-m-M¾-D¤Å-VôÅ-zŸÛm-BôP-fÞzqºÛ-z=-ÁÛÅ-¤±m-¤-ŸÛG-¼ïhü’’ TïÅ-ŸÝÅü
8] z®m-qô-fÞGÅ-¤ZïÅ-ÁÛP-hzÞ-¿kï¤-®¤-PP.ü ‘‘fôm-¤Û-Eïh-ˆÛÅ-hrh-q-ÁÛm-bà-¾ïGÅü zhGGÛÅ-ˆP-hï-¿e¼-zŤ-‚ãP.ü Eïh-±ôÅ-z¿eÅ-m-ºhÛ-©Û-¾¤-Dô-m-®¤-ŸÛG-»Ûm-m¤ü’’ ŸïÅ-z;º-ºiÛŸÛG-GmP.ü
9] „Àôm-Vïm-¤G¼-HÛÅü ‘‘hï-mÛ-¿ËºÛ-¾ÞP-zÇem-»Ûmü z®m-qô-¤VôG-GÛÅ-¤±m-¾¤-hï-GÅP-zGmP-hP.ü P-±ôÅ-PïÅ-q¼-©Û-¾¤-hï-¤Pôm-ºHã¼-‚ºôü ü’’ ŸïÅ-ŸÝÅ-q-hP.ü M¾-qôÅü ‘‘¾ïGÅ-Åôü üºô-m-ºGm-ºhÛ-Eïh-ˆÛÅ-DÞ¼-TÛG’’ TïÅ-z;º-wïzÅü
10] hï-mÅ-„Àôm-Vïm-¤G¼-HÛÅü ‘‘P-±ôÅ-fôG-¤¼-dïm-ºƒï¾-ŸÛG-zOÛG-m-¾ïGÅü Pïh-xÛ-mP-z¼GÅÞ¤-HÛ-„Àôm-Vïm-G®ô-zô-iâG-qôÅ-¸Å-VP-hP-¾ÞG-Á-¿Ëà-¼ï-DÞ¼-mÅü ÅP-ÇS-z¼-M¾-qôºÛ-wôƒP-GÛÇKô-D¼-º²ô¤Å-ÁôG’’ TïÅ-¬Åü
11] ÅP-ŸôGÅ-„Àôm-Vïm-n¤Å-º²ô¤Å-hÝÅü ¤Û-¼ïÅ-Á-G¸ÞG-¼ï-DÞ¼-z-n¤Å-¼ï-¼ï-‚Å-mÅ-zOÛGÅqÅü GZÛÅ-¾-@P-q-¼ï-hP.ü GZÛÅ-¾-¾G-q-¼ïü GŸm-GZÛÅ-¾-ƒP-GTÛG-hP-¤±P-¼-zTÅ-‚ãPzÅ-Á-DôG-V-±P-ŸÛG-Iâzü
12] fôm-¤Û-m-¼ïü ‘‘Pô-¤±¼-Vïü ¤-IôÅ-¼P-ºIÛGÅ-ˆÛ-dïm-ºƒï¾-ºhÛ-ºi-z¸P-qôü GP-zŤ¿Ëàm-HÛÅ-ºIâz-PïÅ-¼ïhü’’ ¤G¼-m-¼ïü ‘‘hï-¿e¼-¾GÅ-Åôü üP-±ôÅ-M-z¾-HÛ-ÆÅ-¤ô-GZÛÅ-z®ßm¤ô¼-um-ºiïm-q¼-‚ïhü’’ TïÅ-¬Å-bïü ±P-¤-IôÅ-¤fÞmü
13] „Àôm-Vïm-¤G¼-z®m-qôºÛ-¤hÝm-hÝ-zT¼-mÅü dïm-ºƒï¾-z¸P-±ß¾-hP.ü fôG-¤¼-fG-Zï-źÛz¾-z¸º-Ghm-ºiïm-Mã¼-z;º-GmP-¼ôGÅ-ŸïÅ-ŸÝÅü
14] ÆôP-z®m-ÇK¤-qôÅü ¾ïGÅ-Åô-ŸïÅü GÅï¼-HÛ-hÝP-®ï-¿S-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-ŸÝ-dïm-hP.ü z¾-M¾-¾ºzÞ¾-MãºÛ-z;º-»ÛG-GÅÞ¤-ÅôGÅ-µôPÅ-q-M-Vï-z-hP-zTÅ-¾¤-VÅ-GmP-hÝ-zTßG
15] hï-mÅ-„Àôm-qô-¤G¼-hP-fôm-¤Û-ÅôGÅ-d-h¤G-zM-¿ËG-GÛÅü d-iï¾-hP-¤²ô-G»G-D¾-¤¤P-qô¼-µôP-q-hP.ü ¸Å-GôÅ-ÅôGÅ-z;¾-mÅü z¾-zôh-ˆÛ-±ôP-¾¤-Çeï-z¾-¾¤-½ÀâP-º±ßz-TïÅ-qzMãh-z¾-»Þ¾-hÝ-zhï-„ÀGÅ-PP-º‚ô¼ü
16] „Àôm-qô-ºDô¼-zTÅ-z¾-»Þ¾-M¾-Å-Dô-zô¤->ÀâºÛ-wô-ƒP.hÝ-º‚ô¼-zÅü z¾-M¾-ºôh-¸ï¼-Gô-VÅz®m-qôºÛ-wô-Z-¾-Çoï-¾ïm-G¸z-MÅ-GmP.ü wô-Z-n¤Å-ˆP-„Àô-zhï-zG-wïzÅ-ˆÛÅ-¼ï-ŸÛG-bà-¾ÞÅ-Åï¤ÅˆÛ-P¾-hÝz-ˆP-¤-±ô¼-z¼-Hã¼ü
17] z¾-M¾-HÛÅ-wô-Z-n¤Å-ˆÛ-º±ô-z¼-z;ôh-OÛG-wÞm-ÅÞ¤-±ôGÅ-q-GmP-ü z¾-»Þ¾-mÛ-hï-hÝź²âGÅ-Cæm-hP-¾G-¯¾-fh-»¼-MÅ-Vïm-qô-»ôh-qÅü ¤G¼-ÅôGÅ-wô-Z-n¤Å-z¾-»Þ¾-HÛ-º²âGÅCæm-¾G-¯¾-¾-Pô-¤±¼-hzP-¤ïh-hÝ-BïÅü
18] ZÛm-ŸÛG-z¾-M¾-HÛÅ-wô-Z-n¤Å-¤hÝm-hÝ-z;ÝGÅ-bï-zôh-ˆÛ-z®m-qô¼-º±¤Å-ºiÛ-hP-£GÅwô-Z-n¤Å-¾-»ôP-hôm-iÛÅ-qÅü ¤G¼-HÛÅü ŸÝ-dïm-GÅï¼-HÛ-hÝP-®ï-hÝ-¤-hP.ü hzP-ÇSôm-HÛ-©ôGqj¨-¼×-GºÛ-y-Tm-hï-wÞ¾ü
19] ¤G¼-HÛÅ-¼Ûm-qô-VïºÛ-©ôG-hïºÛ-Pô-¤±¼-»ôm-bm-hP-»ôP-hôm-Mã-¤±m-ŸÛz-q¼-JÀïP.Çeïü z¾M¾-HÛ-ÆÅ-¤ô-z®ßm-¤ô¼-ÇÀôP-zºÛ-Gb¤-ºGô-z®ßGÅ-q-mü z¾-M¾-HÛÅ-P-M¾-TßP-hP-zTÅü
20] ‘‘uÛ¼-m-P-mÛ-hq¾-¿S-¿km-¾ôPÅ-uôh-¿Ë-hP-¤Z¤-qºÛ-VôÅ-ˆÛ-M¾-qôºÛ-Mãh-q-ŸÛG-»Ûm-qÅü ¤fº-ºDôz-zôh-ˆÛ-»Þ¾-hP.GZïm-ºƒï¾-ºôP-h;ºü hï-zÅ-zhG-GÛÅ-xG-¼ôGÅ-GŸm-hG-ŸÝÅ-mºIÛGÅü’’ ŸïÅ-¬Åü
21] hï¼-¤G¼-TßP-¤-hGº-z¼-»¼-zŸïPÅ-bïü ¬Å-qü ‘‘M¾-qô-¤VôG ym-¾-¾Å-hôm-GŸmq-GP-»P-¤ïhü G¾-bï-Eïh-¾-zOæz-ºôÅ-qºÛ-V-Aïm-GP-»ôh-ˆP-GÅÞPÅ-m-ºIÛGÅü’’ ŸïÅ-G¸zmm-HÛÅ-ŸÝÅü
22] z¾-M¾-HÛÅ-zŤ-GŸÛGÅ-TßP-GmP-Çeïü ‘‘ºô-mü zôh-¾-h¤-qºÛ-VôÅ-Çtï¾-mÅ-G®ßG-¾GDP-zŸïPÅ-ÁÛP.ü Pô-¤±¼-wô-ƒP-z¯ÛGÅ-bï-¤Pº-fP-¾ôPÅ-uôh-¿km-q-‚ïh-fÞz-z¤ü hï-¤Ûm-mPºÛ-zÞ-¤ôÅ-¤fº-ºDôz-ˆÛ-º±ô-z-¼ô¾-h;ºü’’ ŸïÅ-¬Åü
23] hï¼-fôm-¤ÛÅü ‘‘V-Aïm-hï-±ô-P-±ôÅ-hGº-zºÛ-PP-mÅ-Oæz-VôG fÞGÅ-»Ûh-¤Û-VïÅ-m-ºhÛ-¾G¸ÛGÅü’’ ŸïÅ-z¾-qôºÛ-»Û-GïÅ-ƒÛÅ-qºÛ-zôh-M¾-HÛ-z;º-»ÛG-TÛG-DôP-¾-wÞ¾-zÅü z¾-M¾-FÛ-¾ÅzŸïPÅ-bï-z;º-»ÛG-„ÀPÅ-mÅ-G¸ÛGÅü
24] z;º-»ÛG-mPü ‘‘z¾-M¾-¤VôG-¾ü uÛ¼-m-Eïh-TG-GÛÅ-Çtä-M¾-z®m-qô¼-Pô-¾ôG-‚Å-qÅZïÅ-q-¿UÛ-»P.ü Eïh-ˆÛÅ-M¾-D¤Å-ŸÛ-zhïºÛ-ÇÀh-hÝ-GÁ¤-Gž-n¤Å-zOæz-Mã¼-Ÿ¾-zŸïÅ-GmP-mü zhG-GÛÅ-h¤G-iPÅ-bï-hzP-Nå¼-¤Û-‚ü’’ ŸïÅ-hP.ü
25] ‘‘zôh-z¾-¤²º-ºƒï¾-Vïh-ZÛh-ˆÛ-ÆÅ-¤ô-GmP-Mã-hPü zôh-¾-VôÅ-h¼-z¼-Wô-zô-¤Û-zBôh-lôXï-ÅôGÅ-‚Ûm-dïm-ºGº-zG-Ç+¾-hÝ-GmP-Mãü M¾-¤D¼-hP-G®ßG-¾G-zŸïPÅ-q¼-¾G-¯¾-¤DÅqºÛ-¼ôGÅ-¼¤-GmP-Mã-zTÅü’’ ŸïÅ-ºDôh-»ôhü
26] z¾-M¾-HÛÅ-z;º-»ÛG-G¸ÛGÅ-XïÅü ‘‘z®m-qôºÛ-hGôPÅ-q-½ÀzÅ-Vïm-¼ïhü zhG-GÛÅ-z®mqôºÛ-z;º-G-¾-z¹ôG »Ûm-mºP-ÇSôm-hÝ-wô-ƒP-hP-G®ßG-¾G-DP-zŸïPÅ-mü hï-XïÅ-zhG-GÛÅ-ÆŤô-hP-Ç+Ý-dïm-ÅôGÅ-¿Ëm-TÛG-GmP-VôG’’ TïÅ-¬Åü
27] zôh-„Àôm-±ôÅ-IôÅ-zÇkݼ-HÛÅ-hï-zŸÛm-‚-ºfÞÅ-DÅ-¾ïm-ŸÝÅ-qÅü z¾-M¾-HÛÅ-z®m-qôºÛz;º-hP-¾ïm-HÛ-xG-»ÛG-hP.ü ¤D¼-¾Å-z¸ô-z;ôh-q-hP-¾G-¯¾-¤Û-Ço-zM-yG-TÛG-zTÅ-Dô-±ôhP-¿Ëm-hÝ-zôh-¾-zbP.ü
28] „Àôm-qô-¤G¼-ÅôGÅ-xÛ¼-wïzÅ-mÅü z®m-qô¼-GmÅ-±ß¾-n¤Å-ŸÛz-q¼-ŸÝÅ-qÅü z®m-qôňP-hzÞ-¿kï¤-®¤-GmP-GÛmü ºôh-¸ï¼-Gô-VÅ-hôm-hPôÅ-ˆÛ-¤²º-¤fÞm-GmP-ºhôh-»ôh-m-ºIÛGÅü ŸïÅ-GÅÞPÅü
29] hï¼-M¾-„Àôm-±ôÅü zôh-D¤Å-Vïm-qô-GTÛG-Hã¼-HÛÅ-EÛ¤-¤±ïÅ-M¾-Dz-DG-hP-¤Z¤-ºƒï¾‚-z¼-M¾-Å-hP-G®ßG-¾G-DP-zŸïPÅ-Å-¾ïGÅ-qô-ŸÛG-hGôÅ-qÅ-WÛ-hGï-GP-¾ïGÅ-ˆÛ-IôÅ-¤Gôzbôm-GmP.ü
30] „Àôm-Lm-Ço-Vïm-qôÅ-GÝÅ-xG-hP-zTÅü hzÞÅ-ˆÛ-BÛh-Áôh-źÛ-h¤¼-qô-¼Û-mÛ-fôG-¤¼-ºwGÅq-um-¼Å-G¸ÛGÅ-ˆÛÅ-‚Ûm-HÛÅ-z½ÀzÅ-qºÛ-vïºÞ-h¤-qºÛ-ÇKô¤-GmÅ-»Ûm-¸ï¼-¾-Å-zz-hP-Gm¤GÁÛÅ-ˆP-z¸P-±ß¾-ŸÝÅü
31] M¾-qô-fÞGÅ-hHïÅ-zŸÛmü ‘‘hï-z=-ÁÛÅ-Gb¤-z¸P-ŸÛG-¼ïhü zhG-hPôÅ-ÅÞ-GmÅ-hï¼-z¿ez¼-ºIô-Mãü „Àôm-Vïm-Eïh-¾ºP-ºô-zM¾-ŸÛG-z¸ô-hGôÅ-Mã-¼ïhü fôG-¤¼-Å-hrh-¤DÅ-q-z®¾-bïÅ-hrh-¾-z¿e-¼Þ-TÛG’’ TïÅ-GÅÞPÅü
32] ¤±m-¤ô-hï¼-z®m-qôºÛ-¤m¾-¾¤-hÝü fÞGÅ-h¤-HÛ-¿Ë-fÞGÅ-Xï-Vïm-qôºÛ-fÞGÅ-;-mÅ-»Û-Gïºôh-¸ï¼-iâG-¿km-ŸÛG-ºyôÅ-bïü Íôù¤aÛqj¨ïÈØàù-ŸïÅ-qºÛ-O-¿ËP-¿ËP-hP-zTÅ-¼P-¾-fÛ¤-ŸÛP.ü ºhÛmÛ-zôh-ˆÛ-VôÅ-Ç+¾-ŸïÅ-GÅÞPÅ-q-ŸÛG-©ÛÅü
33] M¾-qôºÛ-fÞGÅ-¾-zhï-z-Vïm-qô-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-Ez-TÛP-¤m¾-Åhü hï-¤-fG-»¼-zŸïPÅ-bï-fÞGÅh¤-HÛ-¿Ë-®m-hm-HÛ-Ç+Ý-¼P-‚ôm-hï¼-xG-¤P-hÝ-º±¾-zŸÛm-PG-mÅ-¤-aÛ-z¹ôÅ-ÁÛP.ü ©Û-¿eÅ-hï-mÛÁÛm-bà-z=-ÁÛÅ-q-ŸÛG-»Ûm-PïÅ-q¼-hGôPÅü
34] hï-mÅ-M¾-qô-ºDô¼-zTÅ-¾¤-hÝ-VÅü ¾¤-z¼-»¼-ºyP-ƒG-¼ÛºÛ-¯-mÅ-Ç+Ý-P¾-zÅôÅ-ÁÛPz®m-qôÅ-Ç+Ý-FâÅ-GÅô¾-Ç+zÅü ŸP-„Àôm-Ço-Vïm-qôÅ-VߺÛ-mP-hÝ-ºWº-±ôm-Á¼-z-¤fôP-mÅ-M¾qô¼-ŸÝÅü
35] hï¼-M¾-qôÅ-G¸ÛGÅ-ŸÛz-GmP-zÅ-ºôh-¸ï¼-hï-¤hÝm-HÛ-ƒG-PôÅ-¾Å-ºyôÅ-q-¤Eïm-mÅ-ŸÛzbà-¤W¾-zÅü ƒG-PôÅ-ÅÞ-M¾-qôº-¤±m-¾¤-hÝ-‚ãP-zºÛ-»ÛG-iâG-hï-ºi-¼P-‚ôm-ŸÛG-ºhÝG-q-Gžz¼-G¸ÛGÅü
36] M¾-qô-ÁÛm-bà-hHïÅ-bïü ‘‘Zï-ÇSôm-HÛ-©Û-¾¤-‚ãP-±ß¾-hP-zTÅ-ºhÛ-mÛ-P-±ô-zôh-D-z-Tm-HÛVôÅ-Ç+¾ü fÞGÅ-Xï-Vïm-qôºÛ-G¸ÞPÅ-ÇSGÅ-¤-aÛ-»ÛG-iâG-¼ïhü’’ TïÅ-GÅÞPÅ-bï-±P-¤¼-zÇÀzÅmÅ-Ÿ¾-ºhôm-‚ïh-hÝ-zTßG
37] hï¼-±P-¤Å-¤-aÛ-zIP-zŸÛm-ƒG-hï-¾-xG-º±¾-ŸÛP-¤Vôh-qÅü ƒG-hï-¾Å-ºôh-¸ï¼-Ço±ôGÅ-ÁÛG-ºyôÅ-bïü G®P-qôºÛ-w¼-PôÅ-ˆÛ-ƒG-¾-wôG-mÅ-wm-±ßm-ºWº-ºôh-ˆÛÅ-£ï¾-zÅü »Þ¾hïºÛ-¤ÛP-»P-ºWº-¤hPÅ-ŸïÅ-IGÅ-Åôü ü
38] hï-mÅ-»P-‚ôm-bï-h¤¼-qô-¼ÛºÛ-ÇKP-¾-ÇÀïzÅ-mÅ-G¸ÛGÅ-qÅü Mz-¼Û-¤fô-ŸÛP-¤hÝm-fP»PÅ-¾-G®P-Vïm-Mã-zü Zï-ºDô¼-;Ým-¾G-¤fÛ¾-¾-„ÀPÅ-q-¿e¼-¤fôP-M-»PÅ-q-ÅôGÅ-xôGÅ-GPmÅ-hGï-¤±m-Vï-ÁôÅ-ÅÞ-G¸ÛGÅ-bï-fÞGÅ-hHïÅü
39] ¼Û¤-qÅ-M¾-Å-hï¼-Çtô¼-Mã¼-fÞGÅ-Gbm-ºDï¾-mÅü z¾-qôºÛ-¾G-¯¾-q-n¤Å-ˆÛÅ-hzÞ-¼ÞBÛh-Áôh-h¤¼-qô-¼Û¼-wô-ƒP-Gż-zŸïPÅ-ˆÛ-hzÞ-z¯¤Åü hï-XïÅ-M-G¼-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-¾G-¯¾-q-¤PqôºP-Ghm-ºiïm-HÛÅ-D-Çoôm-‚Åü
40] z®m-qôºÛ-fÞGÅ-z;ôh-¿e¼-¼Û-¯-mÅ-¼Û-¯ï-z¼-¾-zP-¼Û¤-¿e¼-Q¤-zXÛh-Vï-zºÛ-M¾-¤D¼ºIm-¹-¤ïh-q-ŸÛG-zCæm-hGôÅ-qÅ-¾ô-ÁÅ-ºGô¼ü hï-zÅ-z®m-qô-ÇS¼-zŸÛm-M-¤-wô-ƒP-hP-xÛPz¼-ÇeG-¯ï-ÅôGÅ-ÅÞ-zŸÝGÅ-hGôÅ-‚ãP.ü
41] Å-‚Û-(xÛ-¾ô-638)¾ô-¤Gô-mÅ-ºô-fP-GÛ-¤±ïºÞ-hïºÛ-xôGÅ-Åô-Åô-mÅ-Vß-@-ƒâÅ-bï-Vß-xÛ¼-ºiïmq-hP-¤Z¤-¼-Eã-¾-Å-Nï-z;¾-mÅ-hzô¼-bï-Å-„ÀâGÅ-mÅ-zÅÞzÅ-ÁÛP.ü hïºÛ-ÇKP-¾-h¤G-GÛÅ-¼ÞzOÛGÅ-bï-VG-VG-ˆP-zbP.ü
42] ¾ô-hï¼-z®m-qôÅü ºƒÛ-zÅï-¼Þ-GÝP-Çeôm-¾-¤D¼-¾Å-w¾-Vï¼-Iâz-¸Ûm-q-hP.ü G®ßG-¾GDP-zŸïPÅ-q¼-FÛ-z®ßm-hPôÅ-ÅÞ-wïzÅ-hGôÅ-±ß¾-HÛ-z;º-¤ô¾-hP-z;º-»ÛG-¿Ëm-hÝ-z¾-»Þ¾-hÝwô-Z-zµPÅü
43] ºƒÛ-zÅï-¼Þ-GÝP-Çeôm-HÛÅü d-z-ÉG-zÇkÝÅ-zM-Ç+ô¼-TÛG-FÛh-hï-ºzÞ¾-z-GP-º±¤-hP-zTÅz¾-¾¤-½ÀâP-º±ßz-zMãh-hïü xÛ-¾ôºÛ-¾ô-ż-Ç+zÅ-z¾-qôºÛ-M¾-ż-º‚ô¼-TÛP-ü z¾-M¾-¾-z®mqôºÛ-z;º-»ÛG-wÞ¾-mÅ-GmÅ-±ß¾-ŸÝÅü
44] ºôh-¸ï¼-Gô-VÅ-ˆP.ü h-mÛ-ÆÅ-¤ô-hPôÅ-ÅÞ-ºIô-zºÛ-hÝÅ-¾-ÇÀïzÅ-q-ÁïÅ-bïü hï-zŸÛm-‚-MãºÛŸ¾-zŸïÅ-GmP-ÁÛP-Dô-±ô¼-¾ô-ż-HÛ-hHïÅ-Çeôm-Vïm-qô-zÁ¤Å-mÅü JÀâ-G¼-HÛ-¯ïh-ºWô-Ço-±ôGÅqÅ-¤ÛG-»Ûh-ºyâ¾-z¼-‚Åü
45] Ç+zÅ-hï¼-bG-bG-fôm-¤Û-»P-z¾-»Þ¾-hÝ-º‚ô¼-mÅ-DôP-±ô-Ÿ¾-º²ô¤Å-‚ãP.zÅ-hGº-vô-¼zbà-BïÅü fôm-¤ÛÅ-zÅï-¼Þ-GÝP-Çeôm-¾-z®m-qô¼-»Þm-¼ÛP-¤-¤W¾-zÅ-im-±ß¾-ÅôGÅ-wm-±ßm-HÛ-Gmű߾-n¤Å-GÅÞP-JÀïP-¿ËàG-qô¼-GmPü
46] fôm-¤ÛÅü ‘‘zhG-hP-qô¼-z¾-z¸º-ÇÀôP-z¼-ºôP-ŸÛP.ü h-¿e-Bï¾-zºÛ-Gô-Ç+zÅ-ˆP-‚ãP-zºhÛ-¤-zIôÅ-¼P-ºIÛGÅ-ˆÛ-dïm-ºƒï¾-z¸P-qô-ŸÛG-¼ïhü’’ TïÅ-fÞGÅ-È-TP-¤ZïÅ-qô-GmP.ü
47] hï¼-fôm-¤ÛºÛ-¼ï-ºhÝm-¿e¼-z¾-M¾-HÛÅ-¾¤-ºFÛh-q-Gô-OÛG-GmP-Çeï-DôP-±ô-ÅPÅ-MÅ-ˆÛºFâPÅ-»Þ¾-¾Þ¤-zÛ-aÛºÛ-±¾-hP.ü ÇeG-¤ô-¾ÞÅ-¢Ûm-ÅôGÅ-mP-qºÛ-VôÅ-Vïm-DG-¾ºP-ZÛm-ÁÅ-¼ÛPGmÅ-¤W¾-hÝ-wïzÅü
48] hï-mÅ-M¾-qôÅ-ÆÅ-¤ô-¤hÝm-hÝ-zôÅ-mÅü z¾-zôh-GZïm-ºƒï¾-¾-hôm-ljÛP-Vï-±ß¾-hP-h-¿e-ÆÅ ¤ô-ºIô-zºÛ-hÝÅ-¾-zz-±ß¾-ŸÛz-bà-GÅÞPÅ-qÅü ÆÅ-¤ôÅ-Åï¤Å-Bô-mÅ-um-Vz-zÅÛ¾-HÛm-»z-ˆÛz;º-zŸÛm-zOæz-Mã¼-DÅ-¾ïm-ŸÝÅü
49] hï¼-ÆÅ-¤ôÅü ‘‘»z-GTÛG-M¾-qôºÛ-M¾-ÆÛh-ÇÀhü üDô-¤ô-¤fº-ºDôz-zôh-hÝ-ºIô üÇ+Ý-GÅÞPfÞGÅ-ˆÛ-dïm-n¤Å-hP.ü ü¼Ûm-Vïm-Ço-±ôGÅ-µôP-Ç+¾-ŸÝü üMãÅ-¤ïh-Å-¤f¼-WÛ-¿e¼-‚ü ü»z-»Þ¤z;º-ÇÀôz-GmP-z¼-º±¾ü ü’’ŸïÅ-¤Gݼ-„ÀPÅü
50] M¾-qôÅ-ˆP.ü ‘‘ljÛP-GÛ-zÞ-¤ô-»Ûh-¤-Bôü üM¾-qô-¿Ë-»Û-væ¾-q-Çeïü üM¾-D¤Å-VôÅ-ÆÛh-h¼-Mã¼ïhü ü‚Ûm-½ÀzÅ-zŤ-HÛÅ-¤Û-Ez-qºÛü ü¤Û-zBôh-lô-Xï-¾-ÅôGÅ-qü üzÞ-¤ôºÛ-VôÅ-ˆÛ-µôP-Ç+¾-‚ôÅü üzŤ-hôm-VôÅ-zŸÛm-ºIâz-q¼-ÁôG ü’’TïÅ-GÅÞPÅü
51] »Þ¤-HÛÅ-ˆP.um-Vz-zÅÛ¾-zŸÛmü ‘‘¤-PºÛ-zÞ-¤ô-FÛ-z®ßm-Eôhü üXï-z®ßm-Oô¾-¤Å-GmP-z»Ûmü üºIô-hôm-zôh-¾-»ôh-q-»Ûmü ü¯ïh-¼ôGÅ-zÞ-¤ôºÛ-ºDô¼-±ôGÅ-ÅôGÅü üTÛ-hGôÅ-f¤Å-Th-EôhˆÛÅ-Eï¼ü ü’’TïÅ-zÇÀz-‚-»P-¤P-hÝ-GmP.ü
52] hï-mÅ-z¾-M¾-HÛÅü zôh-z¾-HÛ-„Àôm-ºDô¼-¤Û-¤P-hP-zTÅ-q¼-zG-Bï¾-HÛ-GÅô¾-Çeôm-MÅq¼-zÁ¤Å-ÁÛPü z®m-qôºÛ-wô-ƒP-hP-G®ßG-¾P-DP-zŸïPÅ-q¼-zÇSGÅ-zXôh-hP-zTÅ-z¸ô-z;ôh¾G-¯¾-WÛ-hGôÅ-¿e¼-GbôP-Mã-Ÿ¾-HÛÅ-zŸïÅü
53] hï-mÅü ¿Ë-GTÛG-FÛ-z®ßm-iïºÞ-h;¼-¤ô-ŸÛG-¾-zTÛzÅ-ÁÛP.ü Wô-zô-‚¤Å-¤Gôm-GZÛÅ-væ¾qºÛ-¤²ô-¤ô-h;¼-¤ô-GZÛÅ-¾-z;¾-bïü ¼Ûm-qô-VïºÛ-D¾-hÝ-¤-hP.ü ¤²ïÅ-¤-ºDô¼-zTß-hP-zôh-ˆÛ„Àôm-Vïm-hP-d-q-zMºÛ-Bï¾-¤-hP-zTÅ-¾¤-hÝ-VÅü
54] z¾-qôºÛ-„Àôm-qô-hP-h¤G ¤Û-Åï¼-zTÅ-qºÛ-wïzÅ-Bï¾-ŸÝ-¤Dm-hÝ-¤Å-ˆP-¤P-»Þ¾-z¼-hÝBï¾-fÞP-‚Å-ÁÛP.ü hï-mÅ-z¾-¾¤-½ÀâP-º±ßz-Tm-zMãh-hï-G-¾ï¼-¼Û-zô-hP.ü Vß-zôü ¾¤-ºyP-hݤ-zL¾-mÅ-zôh-hÝ-º‚ô¼ü
55] ¾¤-ºDï¾-zôh-ˆÛ-»Þ¾-Iâ-;Ým-bà-¼Þ-h¼-hP-£-Gݼ-HÛ-z;ôh-q-m¤-¤DºÛ-Ç+¼-±ôGÅ-¿e¼-z=ŸÛP.ü „Àôm-ºzPÅ-±P-¤Å-z=-ÁÛÅ-JÀâ-G¼-HÛÅ-hGº-zÅÞ-M-Vïm-qô-hP-zTÅ-M¾-qôºÛ-wô-ƒP-GÛGhm-ż-Zï-z¼-wïzÅü
56] fôG-¤¼-z¾-z¸Å-zÇo¤Å-qºÛ-Ç+Ý-dïm-n¤Å-wô-ƒP-hÝ-Ghm-iPÅ-bïü M¾-qô-ÆôP-z®m-ÇK¤qôÅ-xG-¤Vôh-hP.ü zôh-hÝ-zÇem-q-¥ã¼-hÝ-h¼-ŸÛP-M¾-D¤Å-ŸÛ-zhï-ºôP-zºÛ-Ǩôm-¾¤-ÁÝGÅ-iGzbzü
57] hï-mÅ-z®m-qôÅ-FÛ-z®ßm-¤W¾-z-hP.ü WÛ-¿e¼-©Û-¾¤-hÝ-‚ãP-zºÛ-¿Ë-¤ô-h;¼-¤ô-zŸÛm-¤²ïÅÁÛP-¤²PÅ-¤ºÛ-¤±m-z¸P-¿km-q-ŸÛG-bà-¤fôP-‚ãP.zÅ-fÞGÅ-hHïÅ-zŸÛm-hGº-zÅÞºÛ-¤W¾-h¼zOômü
58] FÛ-z®ßm-HÛ-¤fôP-ÇoP-¾ºP.ü zôh-ˆÛ-M¾-zÞ-hï-¼ÛGÅ-G¸ÞGÅ-hq¾-HÛÅ-¤²ïÅ-ÁÛP.ü »ômbm-Eh-q¼-q-væ¾-qºÛ-n¤-q-Tm-ŸÛG-bà-ÇoP-zÅ-PP-GÛÅ-»Ûh-¾-hGº-±ô¼-Eh-q¼-z-TÛG-BïÅ-bïGÝÅ-xG-wÞ¾ü
59] hï¼-fôm-¤ÛÅ-M¾-qô¼-xG-‚Å-bï-º±¤Å-ºiÛ-ŸÝÅ-qÅü z®m-qôºP-JÀô-zÞ¼-fôm-¤Û-hP-¤W¾zÅ-hGº-±ô¼-Vïm-qô-BïÅ-mÅü º±¤Å-ºiÛ-GmP-zŸÛm-wô-ƒP-hÝ-Ghm-iPÅü
60] hï¼-fôm-¤ÛÅ-z®m-qô-¾ü O-¼ÛG-qºÛ-zÇem-zTôÅ-¤P-qô-¢PÅ-±ß¾-hP.ü zôh-»ÛG-Gż-¯ô¤‚-MãºÛ-GhïP-±ôh-ˆP-»ôh-±ß¾ü »Ûm-»P-zôh-»ÛG-GÛ-n¤-GŸG-V-±P-ŸÛG-ºIâz-Mã¼-¾ô-ÁÅ-hGôű߾-zTÅ-ŸÝÅü
61] z®m-qôÅ-M-G¼-HÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾-uÛ-hP.ü ¿ËG-q¼-mP-VôÅ-Ç+ô¼-z;º-ºiÛ-GmP-zÅü fôm-¤ÛÅŸÛz-TÛP-y-zºÛ-Pô-vôh-ŸÝÅ-q-hP-¤Z¤-hÝ-h-hÝP-GÅÞP-¼z-ˆÛ-h;º-Gmh-¤P-qô-ŸÛG-¾-Oô-ºhôGÅGTôh-hGôÅ-qÅ-xÛ¼-ºIô-hGôÅ-±ß¾-»P-ŸÝÅü
62] z®m-qô-fÞGÅ-¤ZïÅ-bïü zôh-¾-VôÅ-Çtï¾-xÛ¼-zôh-»ÛG-¥ã¼-hÝ-z¸ôÅ-mÅ-M¾-zºÛ-z;º-±P-¤zôh-Ç+h-hÝ-zNå¼-hGôÅ-±ß¾-ÅôGÅ-z;º-ÇÀôz-¸z-¤ô-GmP-zÅü fôm-¤ÛÅü ‘‘ym-HÛÅ-PïÅ-q¼-z®mqôºÛ-hGôPÅ-hôm-ºIâz-q-ŸÝÅ-VôG’’ TïÅ-¬Åü
63] hï-mÅ-¤fºÛ-M¾-ym-±ô¼-»P-¤Iôm-ºzôh-ˆÛÅ-ZÛm-zTô-¿S-¾-VôÅ-Çeôm-hP-GZïm-Çeôm-¸ÞPºƒï¾-HÛ-hGº-Çeôm-dïm-ºƒï¾-M-Vïm-‚Å-qÅ-xôGÅ-wïzÅ-¤Û-d-zŤ-HÛÅ-¤Û-Ez-qÅ-¯Ó-fP-»ôPÅÅÞ-GP-z¼-Hã¼ü
64] GZïm-Çeôm-HÛ-ZÛm-fôG-¤¼ü d-h¤G-GÛÅ-¼Þ-¤±ôm-Ço-±ôGÅ-x¼-bïü ;Û-;Û-zÅô-zÅô-¿Ë-M¾-¾ô-ŸïÅ¿Ë-zÅP-hÝ-z-h;¼-qô-GbôP-zŸÛm-¼Þ-OÛG-GÛÅ-¤²h-ÇKôºÛ-hzÞ-º‚ïh-ˆÛ-dïm-ºƒï¾-hP-qô-zOÛGÅü
65] hï¼-z®m-qô-ÆôP-z®m-ÇK¤-qôÅü xôGÅ-ºhÝÅ-Bï-zô-;Ým-¾-hGº-Çeôm-dïm-ºƒï¾-HÛ-GÅÞPzÁh-hP-¿Ëm-hÝ-z=-ÁÛÅ-qºÛ-GÅÞP-¤Gݼ-HÛÅ-JÀâ-G¼-HÛ-ÇKô-¤ô-xïÅ-bïü M¾-„Àôm-ºzPÅ-zTÅ-z=ÁÛÅ-hGº-Çeôm-¾-MÅ-q¼-¼ô¾-bôü ü
66] hï-mÅ-z¾-z¸º-FÛ-z®ßm-hP-G»ôG-¤ô-D-TÛG-GÛÅ-z¾-»Þ¾-¼P-GÛ-GôÅ-Mm-HÛÅ-vÅ-mÅü ¼PGÛ-»Þ¾-Æô¾-HÛ-GZïm-Çeôm-¤²h-ÇKôºÛ-JÀâ-G¼-ºFz-Çeôm-‚Å-qÅü ¤Û-n¤Å-¾-iÛ-¸ºÛ-zÞ-¤ôºÛ-±ôGÅ-¤Û»Þ¾-hÝ-‚ôm-q-¿e-zÞºÛ-Pô-¤±¼-¿eh-¤ô-‚ãP.ü
67] hï-XïÅ-hzÞÅ-hP-G®P.¾-ÅôGÅ-qºÛ-¼Þ-Çkï-±ô-z-Åô-ÅôºÛ-Bï-zô-Lm-GŸôm-wô-¤ô-±P-¤Å-VP-ºiïmhP.ü W-ºiïmü »Þ¾-xôGÅ-M¾-Dz-Åô-ÅôºÛ-ºzÞ¾-BïÅ-ÅôGÅ-h‚¼-hÝÅ-ˆÛ-vÛm-±ôGÅ-¿e¼-º±P-DÁÛG-ÁÛG-PP-ºhÝÅü
68] zôh-»Þ¾-;Ým-bà-z=-ÁÛÅ-qºÛ-JÀâ-G¼-hP-¯ïh-¤ô-M-Vï¼-Çtï¾-ŸÛP.ü d-MãG-¤hº-ºwïm-ÅôGÅwô-¯¾-Ço-hGݺÛ-hqº-¯¾-¤fº-hG-ºIm-mÅ-‚-hGº-ºzô¼-Vïm-HÛÅ-G¸ïPÅ-zÇeôh-q-ÅôGÅ-±P¤-hGº-BÛh-hq¾-¾-¼ô¾ü
69] ZÛm-¤fº-¤¼-ÆôP-z®m-HÛÅ-ºƒôP-Lôh-TÛG-GÛ-¼Ð-¾-ºWâÅ-mÅ-G»ÞG-fïPÅ-GTÛG-GÛÅ-Å-¾zNï¾-zÅü hï¼-»ôh-hqº-¯¾-ÇeôzÅ-ˆÛÅ-ljï¤Å-qºÛ-M¾-„Àôm-hqº-Lôh-¤fº-hG-¸Û¾-HÛÅ-¤mmŸÛP-ljm-IGÅ-;Ým-bà-Ezü
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(zôh-M¾-¾ô-2132 xÛ-¾ô-2008) ÁïÅ-¼GÛ -¾Å-DPÞ Å-Æô¾-Mãm-ÁïÅ-»ôm-Çkï-±m-mÅ-¯ô¤-OÛG-‚Åü zôh-GŸÝP-ÁïÅ-¼ÛG-q¼-DP-mÅ-hq¼-Cæm-hP-ºIï¤Å-Çtï¾-‚Åü Special Acknowledgement Funding for this project raised by Tibet House Trust, London from the Comic Relief UK