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Lecture 1: Introduction Theories of Architecture [ 3 ] FA 400 .4.5 . Fall 2014 Faculty of Fine Arts . Department of Architecture Alexandria University A.Prof Dr .Ebtissam M.Farid Moustapha Associate professor
Introduces the student to the following :
1. Structure Systems Basic structure of things. Understanding of essential structural principles and behavior by a descriptive and largely nonmathematical approach. Raise architects’ perception of structure as an integral element of architecture rather than as just an applied technology. How structure might assist to add aesthetic and functional to enrich the value of the design work.
Lecture 1 . Introduction
Introduces the student to the following :
2. Introduction to Interior  an over view of the principles and elements
of
Interior
Design.
The
student will come to recognize the basic skills
used
by
Interior
Design
professionals as well as the creation of an artistic point of view on the part of the student.
Lecture 1 . Introduction
Lecture 1 . Introduction
Lecture 1 . Introduction
In Dictionary : a skeleton is a rigid framework that provides protection and structure in many types of animals , humans , insects ‌‌ etc Lecture 1 . Introduction
Human and animal skeletons Birds' wings fish flowers Honeycombs Leaves Plants Rock caves Shellfish Snails Snowflakes Spiders' webs
Lecture 1 . Introduction
Lecture 1 . Introduction
Lecture 1 . Introduction
Lecture 1 . Introduction
Here are some examples of man-made objects, all of which have a structure in one or more forms:
Aeroplanes Bicycles Bridges
Buildings
Cars Clothes Cranes Dams Engines Fabrics Fastenings Furniture Musical instruments Packaging Pottery Roads Sculpture (3-D art) Ships and ~achts Sports gear Technical instruments Tents Tools Toys Tunnels Wheels
Lecture 1 . Introduction
Lecture 1 . Introduction
The basic function of a structure is to transmit loads from the position of application of the load to the point of support and thus to the foundations in the ground.
Lecture 1 . Introduction
Lecture 1 . Introduction
All structures develop internal forces which as the result of external applied loads and the weight of the structure itself
Lecture 1 . Introduction
a. A compression ; force cause a member to be squeezed b. A tension ; force cause a member to be stretched c. A bending ; force is a complex force state associated with bowing d. A Shear ; force cause a member to slide or tilt
e. A torsion ; force will cause a member to be twisted Lecture 1 . Introduction
Dead load : The self load of the object or part due to its mass
Lecture 1 . Introduction
Imposed Load : The user load which is removable and thus is a ‘Live’ load
Lecture 1 . Introduction
Thermal load : The load induced by temperature change causing expansion or contraction of the object
Lecture 1 . Introduction
Dynamic Load : A cyclical load caused by varying external conditions to vibrate or oscillate
Lecture 1 . Introduction
Lecture 1 . Introduction
Lecture 1 . Introduction
Structures must always be designed for the worst anticipated combination of loading otherwise unserviceability or failure can result
Lecture 1 . Introduction
Causes movements and distress in building structure
Lecture 1 . Introduction
Lecture 1 . Introduction
Lecture 1 . Introduction
A bold building for its time, embodying the technological spirit of the Industrial Age and heralding a future of steel and glass buildings.
Joseph Paxton’s Crystal Palace,1850
Lecture 1 . Introduction
Gustave Eiffel’s Tower in Paris manifested the soaring heights that new buildings could reach. Artist Protests : "We, writers, painters, sculptors, architects and passionate devotees of the hitherto untouched beauty of Paris, protest with all our strength, with all our indignation in the name of slighted French taste, against the erection…of this useless and monstrous Eiffel Tower … To bring our arguments home, imagine for a moment a giddy, ridiculous tower dominating Paris like a gigantic black smokestack, crushing under its barbaric bulk Notre Dame, the Tour Saint-Jacques, the Louvre, the Dome of les Invalides, the Arc de Triomphe, all of our humiliated monuments will disappear in this ghastly dream. And for twenty years … we shall see stretching like a blot of ink the hateful shadow of the hateful column of bolted sheet metal“ published in le temps
Lecture 1 . Introduction
It then took another 100 years for the glass and steel buildings to become ubiquitous worldwide, with gleaming skyscrapers part of every metropolis’ skyline. Lecture 1 . Introduction
Frank Gehry’s Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao The Information Age, just like the Industrial Age before, is challenging not only how we design buildings, but also how we manufacture and construct them. Lecture 1 . Introduction
1
Serve the Architectural concept
Walt Disney Concert Hall Lecture 1 . Introduction
Frank O. Gehry & Partners
2
Carry Long Spans
Dubai Mile-Long Arch Bridge
Fwfowle
FWFOWLE drew its inspiration from the city’s rivers & near-by sand dunes. The result is an elegant arched bridge that as built will be worlds largest & tallest spanning (arch bridge).
Lecture 1 . Introduction
3
New types of buildings with big spans
The Crystal Palace , London - 1887
Lecture 1 . Introduction
Joseph Paxton
3
New types of buildings with big spans
Millennium Dome , exhibition space – London Lecture 1 . Introduction
Richard Rogers
4
Tall Structures
Burj Dubai - UAE
Lecture 1 . Introduction
Skidmore, Owings and Merrill [SOM]
The Designer
The Design process
Who conceives a structural part or a structural system which functions satisfactorily, is integrated successfully within the overall design and is appropriate for its purpose in terms of material and form.
Lecture 1 . Introduction
Optimum design
Influences on the designer
The Designer
The Design process
The brief sets the basic framework for the designer providing the lead-in for the first analysis of the problem which then develops into an iterative process, with ideas being tested, modified, rejected, until an appropriate solution to the problem is reached.
Lecture 1 . Introduction
Optimum design
Influences on the designer
The Designer
The Design process
Optimum design
Influences on the designer
To obtain the maximum benefit with the minimum use of material within the constraints of strength, stiffness and stability. The result will be EFFICIENCY combined ideally with ELEGANCE & ECONOMY. Lecture 1 . Introduction
The Designer
The Design process
Optimum design
Influences on the designer
Precedent - what's gone on Awareness - what's going on Practicality - how to do it
Lecture 1 . Introduction
Lecture 1 . Introduction
Lecture 1 . Introduction
Olympic stadium in Munich 1972 Translated this geometry into revolutionary tensile roof structures
Lecture 1 . Introduction
Following the civil engineering tradition of Nervi, Candela and others , Calatrava’s main works are structures that combine construction with distinct architectonic forms His focus is on the elegant and impressive balancing of masses and forces
Lecture 1 . Introduction
Lecture 1 . Introduction
Lecture 1 . Introduction
Aware if the value of using scale models to explore the behaviors or structures Form of surfaces that could be easily described mathematically – sphere , conoids and hyperbolic paraboloids – to enable the forces and stresses within to be more easily calculated
Lecture 1 . Introduction
PTW Architects, CSCEG Design and Arup
Lecture 1 . Introduction
2008
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Thank you for your attention
Theories of Architecture [ 3 ] FA 400 .4.5 . Fall 2014 Faculty of Fine Arts . Department of Architecture Alexandria University A.Prof Dr .Ebtissam M.Farid Moustapha Associate professor