Pet Owner Educational Atlas
DOGS Reviewer: Alberto Barneto Carmona
The veterinary publishing company small ANIMALS
Pet Owner Educational Atlas
DOGS Reviewer: Alberto Barneto Carmona
Pet Owner Educational Atlas Dogs Technical specifications Author: Servet publishing house. Reviewer: Alberto Barneto Carmona (Anayet Veterinary Clinic,
Boadilla del Monte, Madrid).
Format: 22 x 28 cm. Number of pages: 76. Number of images: to be determined. Binding: hardcover, wire-o.
ebook
available
The growing concern of dog owners for their pet’s health results in a greater demand for information and explanations from their vet. This atlas aims at assisting vets in this communication task, since it shows a series of high-quality illustrations, which clinicians will be able to use in order to transmit their messages in the most effective way possible.
Objective and scope of the book Each of the illustrations is thought to help in the different fields and specialties of canine clinical medicine. That is why this atlas has been structured by systems and shows many of the most common diseases in dogs. The clarity and precision of the drawings, thought to facilitate and reduce the time spent on explanations to the owner, turn this atlas into another useful clinical tool.
Aimed at veterinary surgeons, students, teachers and other professionals in the veterinary sector.
Centro Empresarial El Trovador, planta 8, oficina I - Plaza Antonio Beltrán Martínez, 1 • 50002 Zaragoza - España Tel.: +34 976 461 480 • Fax: +34 976 423 000 • pedidos@grupoasis.com • Grupo Asís Biomedia, S.L.
THE VETERINARY PUBLISHING COMPANY
Alberto Barneto Carmona Curriculum vitae He graduated in Veterinary Medicine from the Complutense University of Madrid in 1989. His professional career started the same year at the Ginzo de Limia Veterinary Clinic (Madrid), as part of a team of four veterinary surgeons. Almost simultaneously, he started collaborating in the field of surgery with several veterinary clinics in Madrid. He currently is the co-owner of the Ayavet Veterinary Clinic (Boadilla del Monte, Madrid). He was a member of the Board of Directors of the Companion Animal Veterinary Association of Madrid (AMVAC) for 4 years. He has published several articles in technical magazines, has participated as a speaker in conferences and has collaborated professionally with several veterinary clinics.
Centro Empresarial El Trovador, planta 8, oficina I - Plaza Antonio Beltrán Martínez, 1 • 50002 Zaragoza - España Tel.: 976 461 480 • Fax: 976 423 000 • pedidos@grupoasis.com • Grupo Asís Biomedia, S.L.
THE VETERINARY PUBLISHING COMPANY
Pet Owner Educational Atlas. Dogs TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Anatomy
Cardiorespiratory system
Dog skeleton. Fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial joints.
Brachycephalic syndrome. Surgical treatment.
Dog muscles.
Congenital heart diseases.
Dilated cardiomyopathy.
2. Main disorders by system
Acquired valvular disease. Congestive heart failure (CHF).
Musculoskeletal system
Peritoneal-pericardial-diaphragmatic hernia.
Joint osteochondrosis. Shoulder and stifle.
Pneumothorax and pleural effusion.
Elbow dysplasia. Hip dysplasia. Vertebral disorders. Spondyloarthrosis, herniation and luxation. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head. LeggCalvé-Perthes disease.
Endocrine system Diabetes mellitus in dogs. Hyperadrenocorticism. Cushing’s syndrome. Hypoadrenocorticisim. Addison’s disease. Hypothyroidism in dogs.
Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (RACL).
Skin and integumentary system
Urogenital system
Ectoparasites. Fleas and ticks.
Acute and chronic kidney disease.
Types of mange.
Urinary calculi. Urethral obstruction.
Fungal and yeast infections.
The oestrus cycle of the bitch.
Hypersensitivity. Allergies.
Neutering in males and females.
Pyotraumatic dermatitis. Hot spots.
Most frequent types of dystocia in dogs.
Otitis externa.
Pyometra.
Impetigo and juvenile cellulitis.
Ovarian diseases. Cysts and neoplasms.
Digestive system
Vaginal hyperplasia and prolapse.
Skin structures in dogs.
Pseudopregnancy.
Dental anatomy of the dog. Deciduous and permanent teeth.
Mammary tumours.
Periodontal disease.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Main diseases of the oesophagus.
Cryptorchidism.
Gastric dilation and volvulus syndrome. Gastrointestinal foreign bodies.
Centro Empresarial El Trovador, planta 8, oficina I - Plaza Antonio Beltrán Martínez, 1 • 50002 Zaragoza - España Tel.: +34 976 461 480 • Fax: +34 976 423 000 • pedidos@grupoasis.com • Grupo Asís Biomedia, S.L.
THE VETERINARY PUBLISHING COMPANY
Most common intestinal parasites in dogs.
Special techniques
Pancreatitis and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.
Nail trimming.
Hepatitis.
Problems caused by grass awns. Removal by means of crocodile forceps.
Portosystemic shunts.
How to administer drugs.
Perinanal disorders.
Behaviour and management
Eyes
Reproductive behaviour.
Structures of the eye.
Usual postures in dogs.
Corneal ulcers.
Handling and care of newborn puppies.
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) Degeneration of the lens. Cataracts. Eyelid and eyelash disorders.
Nervous system Central and peripheral and autonomic nervous system. Cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS). Peripheral and central vestibular syndrome.
Infectious diseases Canine leishmaniasis. Filariasis. Heartworm disease. Infectious diseases transmitted by ticks. Babesiosis, ehrlichiosis and Lyme disease. Canine parvovirus. Canine distemper. Leptospirosis. Kennel cough. Infectious tracheobronchitis. Rabies.
Centro Empresarial El Trovador, planta 8, oficina I - Plaza Antonio Beltrán Martínez, 1 • 50002 Zaragoza - España Tel.: +34 976 461 480 • Fax: +34 976 423 000 • pedidos@grupoasis.com • Grupo Asís Biomedia, S.L.
7
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
1
Dog skeleton Fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial joints
Nasal bone
1
Cervical spine Thoracic spine
Lumbar spine
Sacrum
Cranium Mandible
Coccygeal spine
2
Maxilla
Pelvis
Scapula
Femur
Patella
Humerus Sternum
Fibula 3
Ribs Ulna
Radius Tibia
Tarsus
Carpus Metacarpus
Phalanges
1
FIBROUS JOINT (cranial sutures)
Metatarsus Phalanges
2
CARTILAGINOUS JOINT (intervertebral joints)
3
SYNOVIAL JOINT (stifle, elbow, shoulder, hip, etc.) Synovial fluid
Ligaments
Fibrous tissue
Intervertebral discs
Synovial membrane
Joint cartilage
Fibrous capsule
8
PET OWNER EDUCATIONAL ATLAS. DOGS
2
Dog muscles 1
5 6
2
7
8
11
20
9
16
17
21
23
22
24 25
3
26
4
10 15 12 14 27
19 13
39 28
40
18 32
29 30
33
37
34
31 35 36 38
Muscles of the abdomen
Rectus abdominis muscle
Abdominal internal oblique muscle
Umbilical ring
Abdominal external oblique muscle* Transversus abdominis muscle
Linea alba Aponeurosis
Inguinal ring Femoral arteries and veins
*Removed in the left side of the drawing to show the deeper muscles.
1. Temporal muscle 2. Levator nasolabialis muscle 3. Orbicularis oris muscle 4. Masseter muscle 5. Auricularis muscles 6. Sternocephalic muscle 7. Brachiocephalic muscle 8. Trapezius muscle, cervical part 9. Trapezius muscle, thoracic part 10. Omotransversarius muscle 11. Infraspinatus muscle 12. Deltoid muscle 13. Triceps brachii muscle 14. Triceps brachii muscle, lateral head 15. Triceps brachii muscle, long head 16. Latissimus dorsi muscle 17. Lumbar fascia 18. Deep pectoral muscle 19. Abdominal external oblique muscle 20. Tensor fasciae latae muscle 21. Sartorius muscle 22. Gluteus medius muscle 23. Gluteus superficialis muscle 24. Coccygeal muscle 25. Biceps femoris muscle 26. Semitendinosus muscle 27. Fascia lata 28. Brachioradialis muscle 29. Pronator teres muscle 30. Flexor carpi radialis muscle 31. Superficial digital flexor muscle 32. Extensor carpi radialis muscle 33. Extensor digitorum communis muscle 34. Extensor digitorum lateralis muscle 35. Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle 36. Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle 37. Tibialis cranialis muscle 38. Gastrocnemius muscle 39. Gracilis muscle 40. Semimembranosus muscle
15
MAIN CONDITIONS BY SYSTEM
UROGENITAL SYSTEM
9
Acute and chronic kidney disease STAGE I
STAGE II
STAGE III
STAGE IV*
KIDNEY FUNCTION
100 %
33 %
Normal kidney function
Early kidney disease
NORMAL KIDNEY
< 10
25 %
Mild kidney disease
ACUTE KIDNEY DISEASE
Uraemic kidney disease
%
End-stage kidney disease
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Diagnosis Early diagnosis is essential: Medical treatment Key points of the treatment of acute kidney disease: • Reversing the cause and avoiding risk factors. • Correcting uraemia and water, electrolyte and acid-base imbalances. • Regaining normal urine elimination. • Individualised drug treatment for each case.
Dietary treatment Nutritional support with appropriate diets.
`` Clinical history and complete physical examination. `` Urea and creatinine, calcium and phosphorus and other blood tests. `` Urinalysis. `` Arterial pressure. `` Radiograph, ultrasound scan. `` Biopsy. * Classification accepted by the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS).
38
PET OWNER EDUCATIONAL ATLAS. DOGS
SKIN AND ADNEXA
32 Ectoparasites Fleas and ticks Ctenocephalides felis, most common species in the dog
Oil
Alcohol
Direct manipulation
It is important to follow a proper tick removal technique to ensure there are no remnants of the tick’s feeding apparatus and that the possible pathogenic agents cannot be eliminated in the bloodstream.
Tick infestation
Fleas can be detected by means of a fine-tooth comb or by looking for their faeces in the dog’s hair.
`` They are usually of the genus Rhipicephalus. `` They are mainly located in areas of difficult access for the animal: eyelids, back and lower back, ears, etc. `` They may transmit infectious diseases (ehrlichiosis, Lyme’s disease, babesiosis, etc.). `` Clinical signs: redness and mild itching, scabs and small nodules at the sites of attachment, otitis externa in case of a large number of parasites and even paralysis.
Hypersensitivity to flea bites `` Frequent condition caused by an allergic reaction to their saliva. `` Fleas can transmit infectious diseases (rickettsiosis, bartollenosis, haemoplasmosis) and parasitic diseases (tapeworm infection). `` Greater predisposition in atopic dogs.
Medical treatment • Application of anti-tick products on the dog and on the environment. • Thorough cleaning of the environment in the case of fleas (they lay 40 eggs/day on average in the host environment). • Symptomatic treatment of hypersensitivity.
`` Clinical signs: variable pruritus, alopecia, erythema, papules, scabs, excoriation, hyperpigmentation and lichenification. `` Location of the lesions: caudal part of the back, flanks, tail and perineum.
46
PET OWNER EDUCATIONAL ATLAS. DOGS
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
44 Most common canine
intestinal parasites Disease transmissible to humans (zoonosis).
Protozoa
Nematodes
Toxocara canis
Cestodes
Toxascaris leonina
Taenia spp.
Strongyloides stercoralis
Dypilidium caninum
Giardia duodenalis
Coccidia (Cystoisospora)
Cryptosporidia (C. parvum, C. canis)
Trichuris vulpis (whipworms)
Ancylostoma/Uncinaria (hookworms)
Equinococcus granulosus