PRESENTATION
INTRODUCTORY GUIDE TO EQUINE RADIOLOGY
Pablo Adrados de LLano
BROCHURE
INTRODUCTORY GUIDE TO
EQUINE RADIOLOGY Pablo Adrados de Llano
Servet presenta este manual que recoge de forma simplificada los conceptos básicos de radiología en la clínica equina así como las imágenes de las principales estructuras óseas que son sometidas a estudio radiológico en el caballo. En cada imagen se señala con detalle todas y cada una de las referencias anatómicas relevantes en el diagnóstico por imagen. Las vistas radiológicas presentadas son las consideradas de uso frecuente y por tanto es posible que no se encuentren otras más específicas. El ámbito de esta obra es principalmente servir de ayuda al veterinario de campo, sin entrar en cuestiones demasiado profundas, para cuya consulta existen tratados de referencia a los que remito al lector.
Pablo Adrados de LLano
INTRODUCTORY GUIDE TO
EQUINE RADIOLOGY Pablo Adrados de Llano
INTRODUCTORY GUIDE TO EQUINE RADIOLOGY
Introductory guide to equine radiology
AUTHOR: Pablo Adrados de Llano FORMAT: 17 × 24 cm NUMBER OF PAGES: 152 NUMBER OF IMAGES: 250 BINDING: hardcover
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Servet is publishing this practical guide to radiology in equine clinical practice. This book contains a great deal of graphic content with a predominance of radiological images and anatomical description of the main structures visualised. Each radiological image is accompanied by an illustration of the corresponding radiological positioning. The first chapter provides an overview of radiology in horses and the subsequent chapters are organised by anatomical region. The injuries that are most representative of each anatomical area appear at the beginning of each chapter, and the disorders of the musculoskeletal system detectable by radiology appear in a final annex. It is a very easy-to-use book for use both in the field clinic and in the classroom.
Eric Isselee/shutterstock.com
Introductory guide to equine radiology
Presentation of the book This guide represents an attempt to create a simplified compilation of all the most widely used basic concepts and radiological images in equine clinical practice. Thus, some sections and chapters have been either omitted or superficially addressed, as the purpose of this book is to provide immediate assistance to field veterinary surgeons. Special and in-depth topics may be found in plenty of generally known reference textbooks. This guide focuses on the radiography of structures related to the musculoskeletal system, to the exclusion of other systems and tracts in which radiology also offers invaluable assistance. The images were obtained with an indirect digital radiology device and in all cases were digitally modified with the Adobe PhotoShop CS5 software program for better visualisation thereof. The radiological views collected in each chapter are those considered to be commonly used. Therefore, other views that are reserved for specific studies may not be found among them. The final chapter features regularly used images that may be obtained with a portable device. Studies of the thoracolumbar and sacral regions will require hospital equipment. I would like to thank the collaborators in the preparation of this book, Beatriz Arias and Paloma Fernรกndez for their contribution in the concepts of digital radiology, my associate and friend ร lvaro Vรกzquez for always showing a well-thought-out point of view in our discussions, and everybody who directly or indirectly enabled the publication of this Introductory guide to equine radiology. Pablo Adrados de Llano
The author Pablo Adrados de Llano Pablo Adrados de Llano earned a Bachelor’s Degree in Veterinary Medicine from the Complutense University of Madrid, Spain, in 1988. From 1988 to 1989, he practised as a Deputy Assistant Veterinary Surgeon on the former Equestrianism and Remount Unit (Madrid, Spain) where he cared for the horses on the unit. Since 1990, he has been a practising veterinary surgeon specialising in Equine Clinical Practice. He is a co-founder of EQUISAN Veterinaria Equina Integral. Specialties in Internal Medicine and Sports Medicine. Assistant Lecturer at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Alfonso X el Sabio University (Madrid, Spain) since 2005. President of the Spanish Association of Equine Veterinary Specialists (AEVEE) since 2007. Member of the American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP). Specialised training: course on Equine Surgery by the University of Colorado (USA) and the University of California (USA). Doctorate Degree preparation at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Complutense University of Madrid, Spain. He is the author of several informative articles and the book Manual para la determinación de la edad en el caballo (Guide to determining age in horses).
Introductory guide to equine radiology
Collaborators José María Martínez Domínguez José María Martínez Domínguez earned a Bachelor’s Degree in Veterinary Medicine from the Complutense University of Madrid, Spain, in 2001. He then started a residency in Equine Medicine and Surgery at the same university. Following a year of specialisation in England, he joined EQUISAN Veterinaria Equina Integral, where he currently pursues his professional activity.
Amara Meilán Salazar
hkeita/shutterstock.com
Amara Meilán Salazar earned a Bachelor’s Degree in Veterinary Medicine from the Complutense University of Madrid, Spain, in 2008. After completing a three-year internship in the specialties of Equine Internal Medicine, Surgery and Reproduction at the same university, she joined EQUISAN Veterinaria Equina Integral.
Communication services Website Online visualisation of the sample chapter. Presentation brochure in PDF format. Author´s CV. Sample chapter compatible with iPad.
www.grupoasis.com/promo/equine_radiology
INTRODUCTORY GUIDE TO EQUINE RADIOLOGY Pablo Adrados de LLano
EQUINE RADIOLOGY INTRODUCTORY GUIDE TO
Pablo Adrados de Llano
Table of contents 1. Overview Radiological nomenclature Equipment Types of radiology Equipment needed Advantages and disadvantages of digital radiology Use of digital radiology in horses
2. Radiology of the hoof and navicular bone Structures visualised Technique Diagnostic utility Lateromedial (LM) projection Dorsoproximal-palmarodistal oblique (DPrPaDiO 85°) projection Collimated dorsoproximal-palmarodistal oblique (DPr-PaDiO 85°) projection Dorsolateral-palmaromedial oblique (DLPaMO 45°) projection Palmaroproximal-palmarodistal oblique (PaPr-PaDiO) projection of the navicular bone
3. Radiology of first and second phalanges Structures visualised Projections
Diagnostic utility Lateromedial (LM) projection Dorsopalmar (DP) projection Dorsolateral-palmaromedial oblique (DLPaMO) projection
4. Radiology of the fetlock joint Structures visualised Technique Diagnostic utility Dorsolateral-palmaromedial oblique (DLPaMO 30°) projection Dorsomedial-palmarolateral oblique (DMPaLO 30°) projection Dorsoproximal-palmarodistal oblique (DPrPaDiO 45°) projection Lateromedial (LM) projection Flexed lateromedial (FLM) projection Dorsoproximal-dorsodistal oblique (DPrDDiO) projection
5. Radiology of the metacarpus/ metatarsus Structures visualised Technique Diagnostic utility Dorsolateral-palmaromedial oblique (DLPaMO) projection Dorsomedial-palmarolateral oblique (DMPaLO) projection Dorsopalmar (DP) projection Lateromedial (LM) projection
6. Radiology of the carpus Structures visualised Technique Diagnostic utility Lateromedial (LM) projection Dorsopalmar (DP) projection Dorsolateral-palmaromedial oblique (DLPaMO) projection
Plantaroproximal-plantarodistal oblique (PlPr-PlDiO) projection
8. Radiology of the shoulder, humerus and elbow Scapulohumeral joint Structures visualised Technique
Dorsomedial-palmarolateral oblique (DMPaLO) projection
Diagnostic utility
Flexed lateromedial (FLM) projection
Elbow joint
Dorsoproximal-dorsodistal oblique (DPrDDiO) projection: Visualisation of the distal radius
Structures visualised
Dorsoproximal-dorsodistal oblique (DPrDDiO) projection: Visualisation of the proximal row of the carpus
Diagnostic utility
Dorsoproximal-dorsodistal oblique (DPrDDiO) projection: Visualisation of the distal row of the carpus
7. Radiology of the tarsus Structures visualised Technique Diagnostic utility Lateromedial (LM) projection Dorsoplantar (DPl) projection Dorsolateral-plantaromedial oblique (DLPlMO) projection Plantarolateral-dorsomedial oblique (PlLDMO) projection Flexed lateromedial (FLM) projection
Technique Scapulohumeral joint Mediolateral (ML) projection Craniomedial-caudolateral oblique (CrM-CaLO) projection
Elbow joint Mediolateral (ML) projection Craniocaudal (CrCa) projection
9. Radiology of the femoropatellar joint Structures visualised Diagnostic utility Lateromedial (LM) projection Caudolateral-craniomedial oblique (CaLCrMO 30º) projection Caudocranial (CaCr) projection Proximodistal (PrDi) or skyline projection
10.
Radiology of the head and spine
Radiology of the back Lateral projection of the cranial thoracic segment Lateral projection of the medial thoracic segment
Radiology of the head
Lateral projection of the thoracolumbar segment Lateral projection of the sacrococcygeal segment
Structures visualised Technique Diagnostic utility Lateral projection of the skull Lateral projection of the nasofrontal region Lateral projection of the maxilla and mandible Lateral oblique projection of the pharyngeal region Dorsoventral projection of the maxilla and mandible Dorsoventral projection of the skull
Lateral projection of the coccygeal segment
11.
Annex Main disorders of the musculoskeletal system detectable by radiology Joint diseases Lateral dislocation of the patella Tumours Laminitis
Radiology of the neck
Subsolar abscesses
Structures visualised
Fractures
Technique
Navicular syndrome
Diagnostic utility
Infection of the podotrochlear bursa
Radiology of the back
Pedal osteitis
Structures visualised Technique
Calcification of the coffin bone extension cartilage
Diagnostic utility
Bone injuries
Radiology of the neck
Increase in mineral production
Lateral projection of cervical vertebrae (A) Lateral projection of cervical vertebrae (B) Lateral projection of cervical vertebrae (C)
12. References
RADIOLOGY OF THE HOOF AND NAVICULAR BONE
Dorsolateral-palmaromedial oblique (DL-PaMO 45°) projection 1
7 6
2
5
3 4 1 First phalanx.
45º
2 Insertion of the ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joint. 3 Extensor apophysis. 4 Third phalanx. 5 Medial palmar process of the third phalanx. 6 Medial aspect of the navicular bone. 7 Navicular bone.
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INTRODUCTORY GUIDE TO EQUINE RADIOLOGY
Flexed lateromedial (FLM) projection 1
2
3
4
5
6
1 Third metacarpal bone. 2 Proximal sesamoid bones (partially superimposed). 3 Lateral and medial palmar processes of the first phalanx. 4 Sagittal border. 5 Lateral and medial condyles of the third metacarpal bone. 6 First phalanx.
42
Dorsoproximal-dorsodistal oblique (DPr-DDiO) projection 1
6
2
5
3 4
1 Sagittal border. 2 Medial condyle of the third metacarpal bone. 3 Third metacarpal bone. 4 First phalanx (the third metacarpal bone is superimposed). 5 Dorsal articular border of the first phalanx. 6 Lateral condyle of the third metacarpal bone.
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INTRODUCTORY GUIDE TO EQUINE RADIOLOGY
Dorsopalmar (DP) projection 2
1
15 14
3 4
13 12
5
11
6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
58
9 8
Radius. Radiocarpal joint. Radial carpal bone. Intercarpal joint. Second carpal bone. First carpal bone. Carpometacarpal joint. Metacarpal splint bones.
10 10 11 12 13 14 15
Third metacarpal bone. Fourth carpal bone. Third carpal bone. Cubital carpal bone. Intermediate carpal bone. Accessory carpal bone.
Dorsolateral-palmaromedial oblique (DL-PaMO) projection 2
1
15 14
3
13
4
12
5
11
6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
9 10
8
Radius. Radiocarpal joint. Radial carpal bone. Intercarpal joint. Third carpal bone. Second carpal bone. Carpometacarpal joint. Metacarpal splint bones. Third metacarpal bone. First carpal bone.
12 13 14 15
Fourth carpal bone. Cubital carpal bone. Intermediate carpal bone. Origin of the accessory ligament of the superficial digital flexor tendon.
59
INTRODUCTORY GUIDE TO EQUINE RADIOLOGY
Plantarolateral-dorsomedial oblique (PlL-DMO) projection 1
13
2
12
3
11
4 5
10
6 7
8
1 Tibia. 2 Tarsocrural joint. 3 Lateral and medial trochleae of the talus. 4 Proximal intertarsal joint. 5 Central tarsal bone. 6 Distal intertarsal joint. 7 Third tarsal bone. 8 Tarsometatarsal joint. 9 Second metatarsal bone.
72
9 10 Third metatarsal bone. 11 Fused first and second tarsal bones. 12 Sustentaculum tali tali. 13 Calcaneus.
Flexed lateromedial (FLM) projection 14
13
1
12 11 10
2
9 8 7 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
4
Distal intertarsal joint. Tarsometatarsal joint. Fourth metatarsal bone. Third metatarsal bone. Fourth tarsal bone. Third tarsal bone. Calcaneus. Talocalcaneal joint. Proximal intertarsal joint.
5
6
10 Central tarsal bone. 11 Talus. 12 Lateral and medial trochleae of the talus. 13 Tarsocrural joint. 14 Tibia.
73
INTRODUCTORY GUIDE TO EQUINE RADIOLOGY
Caudocranial (CaCr) projection 1
9
2
8
3
7
4 5 1 Lateral condyle. 2 Lateral intercondylar eminence. 3 Tibial tuberosity. 4 Tibia. 5 Fibula.
88
6 6 Medial intercondylar eminence. 7 Medial condyle. 8 Medial epicondyle. 9 Femur.
Proximodistal (PrDi) or skyline projection 1
3
2
1 Patella. 2 Lateral trochlea. 3 Medial trochlea.
89
INTRODUCTORY GUIDE TO EQUINE RADIOLOGY
Figure 9. Comminuted fracture of the splint bone.
Figure 10. Comminuted fracture of the elbow.
Figure 11. Comminuted fracture of the accessory carpal bone.
Figure 12. Fracture of the head of the metacarpal splint bone.
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The publishing strength of Grupo AsĂs Editorial Servet, a division of Grupo AsĂs, has become one of the reference publishing companies in the veterinary sector worldwide. More than 15 years of experience in the publishing of contents about veterinary medicine guarantees the quality of its work. With a wide national and international distribution, the books in its catalogue are present in many different countries and have been translated into nine languages to date: English, French, Portuguese, German, Italian, Turkish, Japanese, Russian and Chinese. Its identifying characteristic is a large multidisciplinary team formed by doctors and graduates in Veterinary Medicine and Fine Arts, and specialised designers with a great knowledge of the sector in which they work. Every book is subject to thorough technical and linguistic reviews and analyses, which allow the creation of works with a unique design and excellent contents. Servet works with the most renowned national and international authors to include the topics most demanded by veterinary surgeons in its catalogue. In addition to its own works, Servet also prepares books for companies and the main multinational companies in the sector are among its clients.
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