Big five & osobowości kołowy model strus, cieciuch, rowiński 0

Page 1

$ 5 7 < . 8 à < 7 ( 2 5 ( 7 < & = 1 ( 6WXGLD 3V\FKRORJLFD 8.6: V

:à2'=,0,(5= 675861 ,QVW\WXW 3V\FKRORJLL 8QLZHUV\WHW .DUG\QDáD 6WHIDQD :\V]\ĔVNLHJR Z :DUV]DZLH -$1 &,(&,8&+2 :\G]LDá 3V\FKRORJLL :\ĪV]D 6]NRáD )LQDQVyZ L =DU]ąG]DQLD Z :DUV]DZLH 720$6= 52:,ē6., ,QVW\WXW 3V\FKRORJLL 8QLZHUV\WHW .DUG\QDáD 6WHIDQD :\V]\ĔVNLHJR Z :DUV]DZLH

.2à2:< 02'(/ 6758.785< &(&+ 262%2:2ĝ&, : 8-ĉ&,8 /(:,6$ *2/'%(5*$ The circular model of personality traits structure in Goldberg’s proposal Abstract

The Five Factors Model of personality (Digman, 1990) is one of the most prominent taxonomies of traits. Many of the empirical studies supporting the FFM led McCrae (2009) to the comparison of the FFM to the physics of personality. However, researchers have faced some problems in relation to the FFM, both theoretical and methodological. The main reason of those problems could reffers to the organization of lower level personality traits. The FFM assumes the hierarchical structure of traits. It means that all five basic personality dimension have their own facets, independent from each other. the Abridged Big Five Dimensional Circumplex (AB5C) proposed by Hofstee, de Raad and Goldberg (1992) is a competitive model describing the personality traits structure as circularly organized. Lower-level traits are characterized by loadings on a subset of two from five factors in AB5C model. Each pair of the Big Five factors shape a circumplex that incorporates facets (lower-level traits). This way AB5C model consists of 10 twodimensional circumplexes that could be treated – in a metaphoric language – as a kind of “periodic table” of personality traits (Hofstee, et al., 1992).

$GUHV GR NRUHVSRQGHQFML ZVWUXV#RS SO 3UDFD QDXNRZD GUXJLHJR DXWRUD ¿QDQVRZDQD ]H ĞURGNyZ 1DURGRZHJR &HQWUXP 1DXNL SU]\]QD Q\FK QD SRGVWDZLH GHF\]ML QXPHU '(& ' +6 1 2

:à2'=,0,(5= 67586 -$1 &,(&,8&+ 720$6= 52:,ē6.,

[2]

The article presents the main assumptions of AB5C model operationalized by IPIP45AB5C questionnaire, with the emphasis on differences between hierarchical and circular models of personality structure. .H\ ZRUGV KLHUDUFKLFDO DQG FLUFXODU RUJDQL]DWLRQ RI IDFHWV 3,ĉû :,(/.,&+ &(&+ 262%2:2ĝ&,

3LĊFLRF]\QQLNRZ\ 0RGHO 2VRERZRĞFL 302 MHVW REHFQLH GRPLQXMąF\P XMĊFLHP SRGVWDZRZ\FK Z\PLDUyZ RVRERZRĞFL /LF]ED EDGDĔ ZHU\¿NXMąF\FK 302 GRSUR ZDG]LáD 0F&UDH GR SRUyZQDQLD WHJR PRGHOX GR XQLZHUVDOQHM ¿]\NL RVRER ZRĞFL 0LPR VZHM SRZV]HFKQRĞFL 302 Z]EXG]D MHGQDN ZLHOH ZąWSOLZRĞFL ZLHOX EDGDF]\ RVRERZRĞFL .U\W\ND IRUPXáRZDQD MHVW ] UyĪQ\FK SR]\FML WHRUHW\F]Q\FK L PHWRGRORJLF]Q\FK SRU %RUVERRP -DUPXĪ 2OHĞ 6WUHODX E 6]DURWD =DZDG]NL =DZDG]NL 6WUHODX 6]F]HSDQLDN ĝOL ZLĔVND -HGQ\P ] JáyZQ\FK REV]DUyZ VSRUX MHVW OLF]ED L VWUXNWXUD Z\RGUĊE QLDQ\FK F]\QQLNyZ RVRERZRĞFL 2 LOH Z ODWDFK G]LHZLĊüG]LHVLąW\FK QDMJáRĞQLHMV]D E\áD G\VNXVMD SRPLĊG]\ ]ZROHQQLNDPL :LHONLHM 3LąWNL RUD] *LJDQW\F]QHM 7UyMNL (\VHQFND &RVWD 0F&UDH D E (\VHQFN R W\OH Z RVWDWQLFK ODWDFK IRUPXáRZDQH Vą SURSR]\FMH ]ZLĊNV]HQLD OLF]E\ Z\PLDUyZ GR V]HĞFLX PR GHO +(;$&2 $VKWRQ /HH SRU 6]DURWD 6]DURWD $VKWRQ /HH DOER SU]HFLZQLH ± LFK UHGXNFML GR GZyFK FHFK Z\ĪV]HJR U]ĊGX W]Z Alfa i Beta 'LJPDQ OXE 6WDELOQRĞü L 3ODVW\F]QRĞü 'H<RXQJ OXE QDZHW GR MHGQH JR RJyOQHJR F]\QQLND RVRERZRĞFL W]Z *)3 General Factor of Personality 0X VHN 5XVKWRQ %RQV +XU 5XVKWRQ ,UYLQJ 1LQLHMV]\ DUW\NXá VWD QRZL SUH]HQWDFMĊ PRGHOX RVRERZRĞFL NRQNXUHQF\MQHJR Z VWRVXQNX GR 302 &RVW\ L 0F&UDH NWyU\ ZSUDZG]LH SU]\MPXMH ]DáRĪHQLH R SLĊFLX SRGVWDZRZ\FK FHFKDFK L QLH SURSRQXMH LFK UHGXNFML DOH Z ]XSHáQLH LQQ\ VSRVyE XMPXMH QLĪV]\ SR]LRP RU JDQL]DFML FHFK RVRERZRĞFL F]\OL VWUXNWXUĊ FHFK QLĪV]HJR U]ĊGX NRQVW\WXXMąF\FK OXE EĊGąF\FK SU]HMDZDPL RZ\FK SLĊFLX SRGVWDZRZ\FK Z\PLDUyZ -HVW WR WDN ]ZD Q\ .RáRZ\ 0RGHO :LHONLHM 3LąWNL Abridged Big Five Dimensional Circumplex ± $% & +RIVWHH 'H 5DDGD L *ROGEHUJD 0RGHO $% & SRVLDGD NLOND ZDULDQ WyZ R F]\P EĊG]LH PRZD SRQLĪHM : QDV]HM SUH]HQWDFML PRGHOX NRQFHQWUXMHP\ VLH QD ZHUVML *ROGEHUJD 3RPLPR ĪH WHUPLQ\ :LHOND 3LąWND (Big Five RUD] 3LĊFLRF]\QQLNRZ\ 0RGHO 2VRERZRĞFL (Five Factor Model Vą G]LVLDM F]ĊVWR XĪ\ZDQH ]DPLHQQH Z\UDVWD Mą RQH ] GZyFK UyĪQ\FK WUDG\FML EDGDZF]\FK 3LHUZV]\ ] QLFK RGQRVL VLĊ GR WUD G\FML OHNV\NDOQHM GUXJL GR SRGHMĞFLD SV\FKRPHWU\F]QHJR -RKQ 6ULYDVWDYD 'H 5DDG 3HUXJLQL SRU 6LXWD 6LXWD %HDXYDOH 6WUHDOX E =DZDG]NL L LQ = REX W\FK WUDG\FML Z\áDQLD VLĊ Z]JOĊGQLH VSyMQ\ RE UD] ± RZH SLĊü SRGVWDZRZ\FK Z\PLDUyZ RVRERZRĞFL WR (NVWUDZHUVMD 8JRGR ZRĞü 6XPLHQQRĞü 6WDELOQRĞü HPRFMRQDOQD YV 1HXURW\F]QRĞü RUD] ,QWHOHNW OXE 2WZDUWRĞü QD GRĞZLDGF]HQLD SRU 'LJPDQ 'H 5DDG 3HUXJLQL *ROG EHUJ -RKQ 0F&UDH &RVWD 2EHFQLH RNUHĞOHQLH :LHOND 3LąWND XĪ\ZDQH MHVW ]Z\NOH Z RJyOQLHMV]\P ]QDF]HQLX L GRW\F]\ Z\PLHQLRQ\FK SRZ\ĪHM

> @

.2à2:< 02'(/ 6758.785< &(&+ 262%2:2ĝ&, : 8-ĉ&,8 /(:,6$ *2/'(%5*$

SRGVWDZRZ\FK FHFK RVRERZRĞFL 1D PDUJLQHVLH ZDUWR ]DXZDĪ\ü ĪH WHUPLQ Wielka 3LąWND ]RVWDá ZSURZDG]RQ\ Z UDPDFK SRGHMĞFLD OHNV\NDOQHJR D MHJR DXWRUHP MHVW *ROGEHUJ SRU 6WUHODX E 6]DURWD = NROHL SRMĊFLH 3LĊFLRF]\QQLNRZ\ 0RGHO 2VRERZRĞFL MHVW RNUHĞOHQLHP LPSOLNXMąF\P VWUXNWXUĊ FHFK QLĪ V]HJR U]ĊGX =Z\NOH Z VZRLVW\P VNUyFLH P\ĞORZ\P 302 R]QDF]D KLHUDUFKLF]Qą OXE SURVWą RUJDQL]DFMĊ FHFK QLĪV]HJR U]ĊGX 'H <RXQJ 4XLOW\ 3HWHUVRQ %DUEDUDQHOOL &DSUDUD 0F&UDH &RVWD 6LXWD 3LĊü Z\PLHQLRQ\FK SRZ\ĪHM FHFK QD]\ZDü EĊG]LHP\ podstawowymi cechami OXE SRGVWDZRZ\PL Z\PLDUDPL RVRERZRĞFL 3RMĊFLH cecha ]HVWDZLDP\ ] GRGDWNRZ\P RNUHĞOHQLHP DE\ ]ZLĊNV]\ü SUHF\]MĊ L RGUyĪQLü MH RG FHFK ]QDMGXMąF\FK VLĊ QD LQQ\FK SR]LRPDFK RVRERZRĞFL ± QLĪV]\P L Z\ĪV]\P 1D RNUHĞOHQLH Z\ĪV]HJR SR]LRPX RVR ERZRĞFL XĪ\ZDQH EĊG]LH RSLVRZH RNUHĞOHQLH FHFK\ Z\ĪV]HJR U]ĊGX &HFK\ ] QLĪV]H JR SR]LRPX RVRERZRĞFL QD]\ZDü EĊG]LHP\ FHFKDPL QLĪV]HJR U]ĊGX OXE aspektami : WDEHOL SU]HGVWDZLRQH ]RVWDá\ SURSRQRZDQH L XĪ\ZDQH SU]H] QDV SRMĊFLD 7DEHOD 7HUPLQ\ XĪ\ZDQH Z RSLVLH UyĪQ\FK SR]LRPyZ RUJDQL]DFML FHFK RVRERZRĞFL &(&+< &(&+< &(&+< 1,ĩ6=(*2 5=ĉ'8 32'67$:2:( :<ĩ6=(*2 5=ĉ'8 SRGVWDZRZH Z\PLDU\ PHWDZ\PLDU\ DVSHNW\ facets F]\QQLNL QLĪV]HJR U]ĊGX

SRGVWDZRZH F]\QQLNL

F]\QQLNL Z\ĪV]HJR U]ĊGX

QS WRZDU]\VNRĞü RERZLą]NRZRĞü

:LHOND 3LąWND QS HNVWUDZHUVMD

QS DOID EHWD

'HF\GXMHP\ VLĊ QD ZSURZDG]HQLH RNUHĞOHQLD aspekt PLPR ĪH Z OLWHUDWXU]H SRO VNLHM DQJLHOVNLH VáRZR facet E\ZDáR WáXPDF]RQH MDNR VNáDGQLN =DZDG]NL L LQ 6LXWD -HĞOL MHGQDNĪH Z PRGHOX KLHUDUFKLF]Q\P &RVW\ L 0F&UDH ]DUyZQR SRMĊFLH VNáDGQLN MDN L aspekt Z\GDMą VLH UyZQLH ZáDĞFLZH WR Z PRGHOX NRáRZ\P RNUHĞOHQLH VNáDGQLN QLH MHVW RGSRZLHGQLH 3RQLHZDĪ Z OLWHUDWXU]H DQJLHO VNLHM Z RSLVLH REX PRGHOL VWRVRZDQH MHVW VáRZR facet ]GHF\GRZDOLĞP\ VLĊ NRQVH NZHQWQLH WáXPDF]\ü MH MDNR aspekt SU]\ RSLVLH REX PRGHOL 6áRZR VNáDGQLN MHVW V\QRQLPHP VáRZD fragment ,PSOLNXMH MDNąĞ VWUXNWXUĊ DGG\ W\ZQą Z NWyUHM NROHMQH RVREQH VNáDGQLNL VNáDGDMą VLĊ QD MDNąĞ ZLĊNV]ą FDáRĞü 6áRZR aspekt QDWRPLDVW VXJHUXMH XMĊFLH GDQHJR SU]HGPLRWX ] UyĪQ\FK SHUVSHNW\Z Z UyĪ Q\FK ZDULDQWDFK 3RQDGWR RNUHĞOHQLH aspekt UR]XPLHü PRĪQD WDNĪH MDNR przejaw D WR ] NROHL GREU]H NRUHVSRQGXMH ] UR]XPLHQLHP FHFK QLĪV]HJR U]ĊGX MDNR SU]HMD ZyZ FHFK SRGVWDZRZ\FK : HPSLU\F]QHM ZHU\¿NDFML PRGHOX WHRUHW\F]QHJR PRGHO VNáDGQLNRZ\ WR PRGHO UDF]HM IRUPDW\ZQ\ formativ SRGF]DV JG\ PRGHO DVSHNWRZ\ EOLĪV]\ MHVW PRGHORZL UHÀHNW\ZQHPX UHÀHFWLYH ZHGáXJ UR]UyĪQLHQLD %ROOHQD L /HQ QR[D NWyU\ MHVW RJyOQLH SU]\MĊW\P PRGHOHP SRPLDURZ\P Z SV\FKRORJLL 2NUHĞOHQLH czynnik Z\VWĊSRZDü EĊG]LH MDNR V\QRQLP VáRZD cecha -HVW WR RNUH ĞOHQLH ]ZLą]DQH ] QLHRGáąF]Q\P GOD PRGHOX :LHONLHM 3LąWNL NRQWHNVWHP HPSLU\F] Q\FK ZHU\¿NDFML SU]HSURZDG]DQ\FK SU]\ SRPRF\ DQDOL]\ F]\QQLNRZHM HNVSORUD

> @

:à2'=,0,(5= 67586 -$1 &,(&,8&+ 720$6= 52:,ē6.,

F\MQHM D QDVWĊSQLH NRQ¿UPDF\MQHM %ĊG]LHP\ JR ]DWHP XĪ\ZDü SU]HGH ZV]\VWNLP ZWHG\ JG\ DQDOL]\ GRW\F]\ü EĊGą NRQWHNVWX VWDW\VW\F]QHM ZHU\¿NDFML PRGHOL FHFK RVRERZRĞFL OXE JG\ NRQWHNVW WHQ EĊG]LH V]F]HJyOQLH LVWRWQ\ : NRQ¿UPDF\MQHM DQD OL]LH F]\QQLNRZHM FRQ¿UPDWRU\ IDFWRU DQDO\VLV ± &)$ XĪ\ZDQH MHVW WHĪ RNUHĞOHQLH F]\QQLN GUXJLHJR U]ĊGX NWyUH MHVW WHUPLQHP WHFKQLF]Q\P R]QDF]DMąF\P SR]LRP ]PLHQQ\FK ODWHQWQ\FK WZRU]RQ\FK SU]H] LQQH ]PLHQQH ODWHQWQH 2NUHĞOHQLH czynQLN GUXJLHJR U]ĊGX RGQRVLü VLĊ PRĪH ]DWHP GR SR]LRPX F]\QQLNyZ SRGVWDZRZ\FK JG\ ]PLHQQ\PL ODWHQWQ\PL Vą F]\QQLNL QLĪV]HJR U]ĊGX OXE F]\QQLNyZ Z\ĪV]HJR U]ĊGX JG\ ]PLHQQ\PL ODWHQWQ\PL Vą F]\QQLNL SRGVWDZRZH +,(5$5&+,&=1< 02'(/ 6758.785< &(&+ 262%2:2ĝ&,

=JRGQLH ] KLHUDUFKLF]Q\P 3LĊFLRF]\QQLNRZ\P 0RGHOHP 2VRERZRĞFL NDĪG\ ] SLĊFLX SRGVWDZRZ\FK F]\QQLNyZ RVRERZRĞFL SRVLDGD VZRMH ZáDVQH F]\QQLNL QLĪ V]HJR U]ĊGX QLH]DOHĪQH RG LQQ\FK SRGVWDZRZ\FK F]\QQLNyZ =DOHĪQRĞFL WH ]RVWDá\ ]DSUH]HQWRZDQH QD U\VXQNX

CZYNNIK I

I1

I2

CZYNNIK II

I3

II1

II2

II3

5\VXQHN 6FKHPDW KLHUDUFKLF]QHJR PRGHOX RUJDQL]DFML FHFK RVRERZRĞFL

1DMEDUG]LHM REHFQLH SRSXODUQą ZHUVMą 302 MHVW SURSR]\FMD &RVW\ L 0F&UDH 3U]\MPXMą RQL LVWQLHQLH DVSHNWyZ facets SR V]HĞü QD NDĪG\ F]\QQLN SRGVWDZRZ\ 'R LFK SRPLDUX VáXĪ\ ,QZHQWDU] 2VRERZRĞFL 1(2 3, 5 7HVW PRGH OX KLHUDUFKLF]QHJR 302 &RVW\ L 0F&UDH MHVW ]DWHP WHVWHP PRGHOX SRPLDURZHJR 1(2 3, 5 &HFK\ SRGVWDZRZH RUD] VNáDGDMąFH VLĊ QD QLH FHFK\ QLĪV]HJR U]ĊGX ]R VWDá\ Z\PLHQLRQH Z WDEHOL

> @

.2Ă 2:< 02'(/ 6758.785< &(&+ 262%2:2Ä?&, : 8-ĉ&,8 /(:,6$ *2/'(%5*$

7DEHOD $VSHNW\ SLÄŠFLX SRGVWDZRZ\FK F]\QQLNyZ RVRERZRÄžFL Z PRGHOX 302 &RVW\ L 0F&UDH

&]\QQLN 1HXURW\F]QRĞß

6\PERO &HFK\ QLÄŞV]HJR U]ÄŠGX N1 /ÄŠN $Q[LHW\) N2 $JUHV\ZQD ZURJRĞß (Angry Hostility) 1 'HSUHV\MQRĞß Depression) 1 1DGPLHUQ\ VDPRNU\W\F\]P (Self-Consciousness) 1 ,PSXOV\ZQRĞß (Impulsiveness) 1 1DGZUDÄŞOLZRĞß Vulnerability) E1 6HUGHF]QRĞß (Warmth) (NVWUDZHUVMD E2 7RZDU]\VNRĞß (Gregariousness) ( $VHUW\ZQRĞß (Assertiveness) ( $NW\ZQRĞß (Activity) ( 3RV]XNLZDQLH GR]QDÄ” (Excitement-Seeking) ( (PRFMH SR]\W\ZQH (Positive Emotion) O1 :\REUDĨQLD (Fantasy) 2WZDUWRĞß O2 (VWHW\ND (Aesthetics) QD GRÄžZLDGF]HQLD 2 8F]XFLD (Feelings) 2 ']LDĂĄDQLD Actions) 2 Idee (Ideas) 2 :DUWRÄžFL (Values) U1 =DXIDQLH (Trust) 8JRGRZRĞß U2 3URVWROLQLMQRĞß Straightforwardness) 8 $OWUXL]P (Altruism) 8 8VWÄŠSOLZRĞß (Compliance) 8 6NURPQRĞß (Modesty) 8 6NĂĄRQQRĞß GR UR]F]XODQLD VLÄŠ (Tender-Mindedness) 6 .RPSHWHQFMH (Competence) 6XPLHQQRĞß 6 6NĂĄRQQRĞß GR SRU]Ä…GNX (Order) 6 2ERZLÄ…]NRZRĞß (Dutifulness) 6 'Ä…ÄŞHQLH GR RVLÄ…JQLÄŠĂź (Achievement Striving) 6 6DPRG\VF\SOLQD Self-Discipline) 6 5R]ZDJD Deliberation) 7ĂĄXPDF]HQLH QD]Z DVSHNWyZ ]D =DZDG]NL L LQ 6LXWD

: W\P XMĊFLX NDĪGD ] FHFK SRGVWDZRZ\FK 1HXURW\F]QRĞß (NVWUDZHUVMD 2WZDU WRĞß QD GRĞZLDGF]HQLD 8JRGRZRĞß L 6XPLHQQRĞß VWDQRZL VZRLVWH XĞUHGQLHQLH swoich V]HĞFLX FHFK QLĪV]HJR U]ĊGX 7DND VWUXNWXUD E\åDE\ QLH]Z\NOH HOHJDQFND Z VZR MHM SURVWRFLH JG\E\ ]RVWDåD SRWZLHUG]RQD HPSLU\F]QLH 0RGHO KLHUDUFKLF]Q\ MHVW PRGHOHP PRĪOLZ\P GR WHVWRZDQLD Z NRQ¿UPDF\M QHM DQDOL]LH F]\QQLNRZHM GUXJLHJR U]ĊGX : WDNLHM DQDOL]LH LWHP\ 1(2 3, 5 Vą ]PLHQQ\PL REVHUZRZDOQ\PL FHFK QLĪV]HJR U]ĊGX WR ]PLHQQH ODWHQWQH SLĊß SRGVWDZRZ\FK F]\QQLNyZ WR ]PLHQQH ODWHQWQH ¹ F]\QQLNL GUXJLHJR U]ĊGX WZRU]RQH SU]H] ]PLHQQ\FK ODWHQWQ\FK F]\QQLNyZ QLĪV]HJR U]ĊGX 5\VXQHN SU]HGVWDZLD IUDJPHQW PRGHOX SRPLDURZHJR 1(2 3, 5

:à2'=,0,(5= 67586 -$1 &,(&,8&+ 720$6= 52:,ē6.,

> @

5\VXQHN )UDJPHQW PRGHOX SRPLDURZHJR KLHUDUFKLF]QHJR PRGHOX FHFK RVRERZRĞFL NRQ¿UPDF\MQD DQDOL]D F]\QQLNRZD GUXJLHJR U]ĊGX

1D U\VXQNX ]QDMGXMą VLĊ W\ONR GZD F]\QQLNL SRGVWDZRZH Z 302 MHVW LFK SLĊü NDĪG\ ] QLFK WZRU]RQ\ MHVW SU]H] GZD F]\QQLNL QLĪV]HJR U]ĊGX Z 302 NDĪG\ F]\QQLN WZRU]RQ\ MHVW SU]H] V]HĞü F]\QQLNyZ QLĪV]HJR U]ĊGX NDĪG\ ] F]\QQLNyZ QLĪV]HJR U]ĊGX WZRU]RQ\ MHVW SU]H] WU]\ LWHP\ Z 1(2 3, 5 WZRU]R Q\ MHVW SU]H] RVLHP LWHPyZ %DGDQLD SRND]XMą ĪH ]DáRĪHQLH KLHUDUFKLF]QRĞFL VWUXNWXU\ FHFK QLH]Z\NOH U]DG NR PRĪQD X]QDü ]D ]DGRZDODMąFR VSHáQLRQH *áyZQ\P SUREOHPHP Vą SRGZyMQH áD GXQNL F]\QQLNRZH cross-loadings FHFK QLĪV]HJR U]ĊGX :LHOH ] QLFK PD ERZLHP Z\VRNLH áDGXQNL Z ZLĊFHM QLĪ MHGQ\P ZáDVQ\P F]\QQLNX SRGVWDZRZ\P 3URZD G]L WR Z HIHNFLH GR ]QDF]ąF\FK NRUHODFML QLHNWyU\FK F]\QQLNyZ SRU QS 'H 5DDG 'H<RQJ L LQ 0F&UDH =RQGHUPDQ &RVWD %RQG 3DXQRQHQ 0F&UDH &RVWD 6LXWD

> @

.2à2:< 02'(/ 6758.785< &(&+ 262%2:2ĝ&, : 8-ĉ&,8 /(:,6$ *2/'(%5*$

3RGZyMQH áDGXQNL Z DQDOL]LH F]\QQLNRZHM 302 Vą SUREOHPHP SRQLHZDĪ Vą VSU]HF]QH ] KLHUDUFKLF]Qą VWUXNWXUą PRGHOX ,QQD NRQFHSWXDOL]DFMD FHFK QLĪV]HJR U]ĊGX Z LQQ\P PRGHOX LFK VWUXNWXU\ WUDNWXMH MHGQDN SRGZyMQH áDGXQNL MDNR MHGQą ] WHRUHW\F]QLH X]DVDGQLRQ\FK UHJXá SUHF\]\MQLH RSLVXMąF\FK RUJDQL]DFMĊ FHFK QD QLĪV]\P SR]LRPLH VWUXNWXU\ RVRERZRĞFL .2à2:< 02'(/ 6758.785< &(&+ 262%2:2ĝ&,

3RGZyMQH áDGXQNL Vą WUDNWRZDQH MDNR ]DVDGD NRáRZHM RUJDQL]DFML FHFK RVRERZR ĞFL SRU :LJJLQV 3HDERG\ *ROGEHUJ RF]\ZLĞFLH SRG ZDUXQNLHP ĪH LFK XNáDG MHVW SUHF\]\MQLH RNUHĞORQ\ SU]H] PRGHO WHRUHW\F]Q\ : .RáRZ\P 0RGH OX :LHONLHM 3LąWNL $% & +RIVWHH 'H 5DDGD L *ROGEHUJD FHFK\ QLĪV]HJR U]ĊGX FKDUDNWHU\]RZDQH Vą MDNR ]DOHĪQH RG GZyFK VSRĞUyG SLĊFLX F]\QQLNyZ SRG VWDZRZ\FK : ]DVDG]LH MHGQDN PRĪQD E\ SU]\Mąü ĪH ]DOHĪQH Vą RQH RG ZV]\VWNLFK SLĊFLX F]\QQLNyZ 0RGHO WHQ MHGQDN E\áE\ QLH]Z\NOH VNRPSOLNRZDQ\ GODWHJR WHĪ +RIVWHH GH 5DDG L *ROGEHUJ ]DSURSRQRZDOL XSURV]F]RQ\ Dbridged PRGHO ]DOHĪQRĞFL FHFK QLĪV]HJR U]ĊGX W\ONR RG GZyFK Z\PLDUyZ SRGVWDZRZ\FK $XWR U]\ QD]\ZDMą VZyM PRGHO SU]\ SRPRF\ VNUyWX $% & Z NWyU\P SLHUZV]D OLWHUD $ ± R]QDF]D ĪH MHVW WR PRGHO XSURV]F]RQ\ abridged) % ± R]QDF]D PRGHO :LHONLHM 3LąWNL Big Five & ± R]QDF]D PRGHO NRáRZ\ circumplex :LHUQH RU\JLQDáRZL WáXPDF]HQLH QD]Z\ PRGHOX $% & MHVW GRĞü NáRSRWOLZH : SROVNLHM OLWHUDWXU]H 6WUHODX E QD RNUHĞOHQLH Abridged Big Five Dimensional Circumplex XĪ\ZDá VIRUPXáRZDQLD ÄVNUyFRQD SLHFLRZ\PLDURZR NRáR ZD WDNVRQRPLD RVRERZRĞFL´ =GHF\GRZDOLĞP\ VLĊ MHGQDN RVWDWHF]QLH SRVáXJLZDü LQQ\P WHUPLQHP PQLHM GRVáRZQ\P DOH RGGDMąF\P LVWRWĊ PRGHOX ± .RáRZ\ 0RGHO :LHONLHM 3LąWNL OXE VNUyWHP SURSRQRZDQ\P SU]H] DXWRUyZ ± $% & =DOHĪQRĞü FHFK QLĪV]HJR U]ĊGX RG GZyFK F]\QQLNyZ SRGVWDZRZ\FK ]RVWDáD RE UD]RZR SU]HGVWDZLRQH QD U\VXQNX

CZYNNIK I

I+/I+

I+/II-

CZYNNIK II

I+/II+

II+/I+

II+/I-

II+/II+

5\VXQHN 6FKHPDW NRáRZHJR PRGHOX RUJDQL]DFML FHFK RVRERZRĞFL

:à2'=,0,(5= 67586 -$1 &,(&,8&+ 720$6= 52:,ē6.,

> @

7DNLH XMĊFLH UHODFML SRPLĊG]\ F]\QQLNDPL QLĪV]HJR U]ĊGX D WDNĪH PLĊG]\ F]\Q QLNDPL QLĪV]HJR U]ĊGX D F]\QQLNDPL SRGVWDZRZ\PL SR]ZDOD QD Z\UyĪQLHQLH W\WX áRZ\FK Nyá ] NWyU\FK NDĪGH VWDQRZL GZXZ\PLDURZą SU]HVWU]HĔ Z\]QDF]RQą SU]H] GZD RUWRJRQDOQH Z]JOĊGHP VLHELH F]\QQLNL :LHONLHM 3LąWNL MDN WR ]RVWDáR SU]HGVWD ZLRQH QD U\VXQNX

5\VXQHN .RáRZD RUJDQL]DFMD FHFK QLĪV]HJR U]ĊGX QD SU]\NáDG]LH NRáD NRQVW\WXRZDQHJR SU]H] F]\QQLNL SRGVWDZRZH , L ,,

0RGHO $% & ]DNáDGD ZLĊF ĪH QD QLĪV]\P SR]LRPLH RUJDQL]DFML FHFK ]DFKRG]ą V\VWHPDW\F]QH ]ZLą]NL ]DUyZQR SRPLĊG]\ DVSHNWDPL MDN L PLĊG]\ QLPL D SRGVWD ZRZ\PL SLĊFLRPD F]\QQLNDPL 7\P VSRVREHP +RIVWHH GH 5DDG L *ROGEHUJ GRNRQDOL LQWHJUDFML PRGHOX SLĊFLRF]\QQLNRZHJR RUD] PRGHOX NRáRZHJR :LJJLQV FHFK RVRERZRĞFL .RáRZ\ 0RGHO :LHONLHM 3LąWNL Z\UDVWD ] WUDG\FML OHNV\NDOQHM D JáyZQH ]DáRĪH QLH NRáRZRĞFL VWUXNWXU\ FHFK QLĪV]HJR U]ĊGX MHVW SRGVWDZRZą UyĪQLFą Z VWRVXQNX GR NRQNXUHQF\MQHJR KLHUDUFKLF]QHJR PRGHOX 302 : PRGHOX $% & NDĪG\ ] SLĊ FLX SRGVWDZRZ\FK F]\QQLNyZ SRVLDGD G]LHZLĊü DVSHNWyZ 3U]\ F]\P Z NDĪGHM G]LHZLąWFH DVSHNWyZ GDQHJR F]\QQLND MHGHQ MHVW QLH]DOHĪQ\ RG LQQ\FK F]\QQLNyZ MHVW WR WDN ]ZDQ\ aspekt rdzenny QDWRPLDVW SR]RVWDáH RVLHP MHVW ]DOHĪQ\FK RG GR GDWQLHJR DOER XMHPQHJR ELHJXQD LQQHJR F]\QQLND : VXPLH ZLĊF MHVW DVSHNWyZ Z W\P SLĊü rdzennych RUD] ]ZLą]DQ\FK MHGQRF]HĞQLH ] GZRPD F]\QQLNDPL SRG VWDZRZ\PL W]Z DVSHNWyZ PLHV]DQ\FK blend 1DOHĪ\ MHGQDN SDPLĊWDü ĪH SRGDQH OLF]HEQRĞFL RERZLą]XMą SU]\ ]DáRĪHQLX ĪH DVSHNW\ PDMą FKDUDNWHU FHFK GZXELHJX QRZ\FK $VSHNWyZ MHGQRELHJXQRZ\FK E\áRE\ GZXNURWQLH ZLĊFHM

> @

.2à2:< 02'(/ 6758.785< &(&+ 262%2:2ĝ&, : 8-ĉ&,8 /(:,6$ *2/'(%5*$

0RGHO $% & UR]SLVDQ\ MHVW QD NRáDFK FR Z\F]HUSXMH OLF]EĊ PRĪOLZ\FK NRP ELQDFML SDU FHFK VSRĞUyG SLĊFLX FHFK SRGVWDZRZ\FK .DĪG\ ] GZyFK F]\QQLNyZ SRGVWDZRZ\FK Z GDQ\P NROH MHVW UHSUH]HQWRZDQ\ SU]H] VZyM DVSHNW UG]HQQ\ QD U\VXQNX Vą WR FHFK\ R]QDF]RQH , , YV , , RUD] ,, ,, YV ,, ,, $VSHNW UG]HQQ\ PRĪQD RSLVDü MDNR MHGHQ Z\PLDU GZXELHJXQRZ\ DOER MDNR GZLH FHFK\ MHGQRELHJXQRZH QD U\VXQNX DVSHNW , , YV , , PRĪQD RSLVDü MDNR GZD DVSHNW\ , , RUD] , , DQDORJLF]QLH PRĪQD RSLVDü DVSHNW ,, ,, YV ,, ,, GZD DVSHNW\ EĊGąFH Z\QLNLHP UHODFML ] RZ\P GUXJLP F]\QQLNLHP 1D U\VXQ NX Vą WR ]DWHP FHFK\ QLĪV]HJR U]ĊGX , ,, YV , ,, DVSHNW F]\QQLND , ]DOHĪQ\ RG GRGDWQLHJR ELHJXQD F]\QQLND ,, RUD] , ,, YV , ,, DVSHNW F]\QQLND , ]ZLą]DQ\ ] XMHPQ\P ELHJXQHP F]\QQLND ,, $QDORJLF]QLH GOD GUXJLHJR SRGVWDZRZHJR F]\Q QLND Vą WR ,, , YV ,, , RUD] ,, , YV ,, , -HĞOL WUDNWRZDü RPDZLDQH F]WHU\ FHFK\ QLĪV]HJR U]ĊGX MDNR Z\PLDU\ MHGQRELHJXQRZH OLF]ED FHFK QLĪV]HJR U]ĊGX Z]UDVWD GZXNURWQLH SRQLHZDĪ NDĪG\ ELHJXQ DVSHNWX GZXELHJXQRZHJR PRĪH ]RVWDü RSL VDQ\ MDNR RVREQD FHFKD QLĪV]HJR U]ĊGX $VSHNW , ,, YV , ,, UR]SDGD VLĊ QD GZD DVSHNW\ , ,, RUD] , ,, 3RGREQ\ ]DELHJ PRĪQD SU]HSURZDG]Lü GOD NDĪGHJR DVSHN WX 1DOHĪ\ GRGDü ĪH WUDG\F\MQLH Z PRGHOX $% & DVSHNW\ WUDNWRZDQR MDNR FHFK\ MHGQRELHJXQRZH 8MPRZDQLH FHFK RVRERZRĞFL MDNR GZXELHJXQRZ\FK Z\PLDUyZ MHVW ] NROHL ]JRGQH ] WUDG\FMą WHRULL FHFK Z SV\FKRORJLL RVRERZRĞFL SRU QS &DWWHOO (\VHQFN WDNLH XMĊFLH ]DSURSRQRZDá WDNĪH *ROGEHUJ NWyUHJR ZHUVMĊ PRGHOX $% & SUH]HQWXMHP\ QLĪHM 1D U\VXQNX ]RVWDá SU]HGVWDZLRQ\ IUDJPHQW PRGHOX SRPLDURZHJR NRáRZHJR PRGHOX FHFK RVRERZRĞFL

:à2'=,0,(5= 67586 -$1 &,(&,8&+ 720$6= 52:,ē6.,

[10]

U

U-E

E-U

E

5\VXQHN )UDJPHQW PRGHOX SRPLDURZHJR NRáRZHJR PRGHOX FHFK RVRERZRĞFL NRQ¿UPDF\MQD DQDOL]D F]\QQLNRZD GUXJLHJR U]ĊGX

: PRGHOX SRPLDURZ\P NRQ¿UPDF\MQHM DQDOL]\ F]\QQLNRZHM &)$ DVSHNW\ 8 L ( Vą DVSHNWDPL UG]HQQ\PL $VSHNW 8 ( MHVW FHFKą XJRGRZRĞFL ] GRPLHV]Ną HNV WUDZHUVML QDWRPLDVW DVSHNW ( 8 MHVW FHFKą HNVWUDZHUVML ] GRPLHV]Ną XJRGRZRĞFL :DUWR ]ZUyFLü XZDJĊ QD GZLH NZHVWLH SRGZyMQH áDGXQNL QLH Vą SU]\SDGNRZH DOH SUHF\]\MQLH RNUHĞORQH SU]H] XNáDG WHRUHW\F]Q\FK ]DOHĪQRĞFL SRGZyMQH áD GXQNL ]RVWDMą ZSURZDG]RQH QD SR]LRPLH UHODFML PLHG]\ F]\QQLNDPL QLĪV]HJR U]ĊGX D F]\QQLNDPL GUXJLHJR U]ĊGX F]\QQLNDPL SRGVWDZRZ\PL 5HODFMH PLĊG]\ ]PLHQ Q\PL REVHUZRZDOQ\PL LWHPDPL D F]\QQLNDPL SLHUZV]HJR QLĪV]HJR U]ĊGX QLH XOHJDMą ]PLDQLH 3U]HGVWDZLRQH SRZ\ĪHM ]DáRĪHQLD Vą LPPDQHQWQ\PL ZáDĞFLZRĞFLDPL PRGHOX ,QDF]HM U]HF] VLĊ SU]HGVWDZLD ] QD]ZDPL SRV]F]HJyOQ\FK DVSHNWyZ L SU]\SLV\ZD Q\P LP Z ]ZLą]NX ] W\P ]QDF]HQLHP SV\FKRORJLF]Q\P 7X SRMDZLáR VLĊ SU]\QDM PQLHM NLOND SURSR]\FML

[11]

.2à2:< 02'(/ 6758.785< &(&+ 262%2:2ĝ&, : 8-ĉ&,8 /(:,6$ *2/'(%5*$

.RáRZ\ 0RGHO :LHONLHM 3LąWNL QLH MHVW ERZLHP SURSR]\FMą QRZą 2SXEOLNRZDQ\ ]RVWDá QD SRF]ąWNX ODW G]LHZLĊüG]LHVLąW\FK XELHJáHJR ZLHNX +RIVWHH L LQ -HJR yZF]HVQD ZHU\¿NDFMD Z\NRU]\VW\ZDáD PDWHULDá OHNV\NDOQ\ SU]\PLRWQLNL ,QQH EDGDQLD SURZDG]RQH QD SRF]ąWNX ODW G]LHZLĊüG]LHVLąW\FK XĪ\ZDá\ PRGHOX Z NDWHJRULDFK VZRLVW\FK UDP LQWHUSUHWDF\MQ\FK GOD UR]ELHĪQRĞFL SRPLĊG]\ UyĪQ\ PL ZHUVMDPL PRGHOL SLĊFLRF]\QQLNRZ\FK L LFK QDU]ĊG]L SRPLDURZ\FK -RKQVRQ D E -RKQVRQ 2VWHQGRUI 3U]\ RND]ML WDNLFK NODU\¿NXMąF\FK DQDOL] X]\VNLZDQR HPSLU\F]QH ZVSDUFLH GOD VDPHJR PRGHOX $% & 3RMDZLDá\ VLĊ WDNĪH HPSLU\F]QH SU]HVáDQNL GOD QD]\ZDQLD SRV]F]HJyOQ\FK DVSHNWyZ SRU WHĪ 'H 5DDG +RIVWHH 8VWDOHQLH QD]Z DVSHNWyZ VDPR Z VRELH QLH VWDQRZLáR MHGQDN WDP FHOX EDGDZF]HJR = XZDJL QD WR ĪH Z EDGDQLDFK W\FK NOXF]RZą UROĊ RGJU\ZDá FLą JOH PDWHULDá OHNV\NDOQ\ JáyZQLH SU]\PLRWQLNL IXQNFMĊ HW\NLHW\ DVSHNWX SHáQLá\ ZyZF]DV ]Z\NOH SU]\PLRWQLNL R QDMZ\ĪV]\P áDGXQNX : NRQVHNZHQFML ]QDF]HQLH SV\FKRORJLF]QH SRV]F]HJyOQ\FK DVSHNWyZ ]PLHQLDáR VLĊ X UyĪQ\FK EDGDF]\ SRU %DFNVWURP /DUVVRQ 0DGGX[ &LąJOH MHGQDN QLH LVWQLDáR QDU]ĊG]LH SU]H]QDF]RQH VSHFMDOQLH GR SRPLDUX FHFK ]DNáDGDQ\FK SU]H] PRGHO $% & 'RSLHUR SRG NRQLHF XELHJáHJR ZLHNX ZUD] ] SR ZVWDQLHP ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 3HUVRQDOLW\ ,WHP 3RRO ZZZ LSLS RUL RUJ *ROGEHUJ SRU 6DXFLHU *ROGEHUJ SROVND ZHUVMD ZZZ LSLS HGX SO SRZVWDá WDNL LQVWUX PHQW ± .ZHVWLRQDULXV] ,3,3 $% & *ROGEHUJ *ROGEHUJ -RKQVRQ (EHU +RJDQ $VKWRQ &ORQLQJHU *RXJK 1DU]ĊG]LH WR Z SHZQ\P VHQVLH LQWHJUXMH SRGHMĞFLH SV\FKROHNV\NDOQH L NZHVWLRQDULXV]RZH SV\FKRPHWU\F]QH Z EDGDQLDFK QDG SRGVWDZRZ\PL Z\PLDUDPL RVRERZRĞFL D FR QDMZDĪQLHMV]H RWZLHUD QRZ\ UR] G]LDá PRĪOLZRĞFL ZHU\¿NDFML PRGHOX $% & %DFNVWURP L LQ WDNĪH Z 3RO VFH .ZHVWLRQDULXV] ,3,3 $% & ]RVWDá ERZLHP QLHGDZQR DGDSWRZDQ\ WDNĪH GR ZDUXQNyZ SROVNLFK 6WUXV &LHFLXFK 5RZLĔVNL : ]ZLą]NX ] NRQVWUXNFMą ,3,3 $% & *ROGEHUJ VIRUPXáRZDá QD]Z\ GOD ZV]\VWNLFK F]WHUG]LHVWX SLĊFLX GZXELHJXQRZ\FK DVSHNWyZ Z PRGHOX QDGDMąF LP SV\FKRORJLF]QH ]QDF]HQLH 7\P VDP\P VWZRU]\á ZáDVQą ZHUVMĊ .RáRZHJR 0RGH OX :LHONLHM 3LąWNL 1D PDUJLQHVLH ZDUWR ]ZUyFLü XZDJĊ ĪH MHV]F]H SU]HG RSXEOLNR ZDQLHP PRGHOX $% & *ROGEHUJ SURSRQRZDá ]DUyZQR KLHUDUFKLF]Qą VWUXNWXUĊ FHFK *ROGEHUJ MDN L WUyMZ\PLDURZ\ SRGZyMQR NRáRZ\ PRGHO WZRU]RQ\ SU]H] (NVWUDZHUVMĊ 8JRGRZRĞü L 6XPLHQQRĞü 3HDERG\ *ROGEHUJ &(&+< 262%2:2ĝ&, : *2/'%(5*2:6.,0 02'(/8 .2à2:<0 $% &

: SRGHMĞFLX OHNV\NDOQ\P SRGVWDZRZ\P FHFKRP :LHONLHM 3LąWNL SU]\SLVXMH VLĊ QD VWĊSXMąFH V\PEROH QXPHUDFML U]\PVNLHM , ± (NVWUDZHUVMD ,, ± 8JRGRZRĞü ,,, ± 6XPLHQQRĞü ,9 ± 6WDELOQRĞü HPRFMRQDOQD 9 ± ,QWHOHNW -DN ZVSRPQLDQR Z\ĪHM Z PRGHOX $% & NDĪG\ ] SLĊFLX ZLHONLFK F]\QQLNyZ PD G]LHZLĊü GZXELHJXQRZ\FK DVSHNWyZ MHGHQ UG]HQQ\ L RVLHP mieszanych (blend 7DEHOD SU]HGVWDZLD WH DVSHNW\ ZHGáXJ SURSR]\FML *ROGEHUJD

:Ă 2'=,0,(5= 67586 -$1 &,(&,8&+ 720$6= 52:,Ä“6.,

[12]

7DEHOD $VSHNW\ SLÄŠFLX SRGVWDZRZ\FK F]\QQLNyZ RVRERZRÄžFL Z *ROGEHUJD ZHUVML PR GHOX $% & &]\QQLN

6\PERO , , YV , , , ,, YV , ,, , ,,, YV , ,,, , ,9 YV , ,9 &=<11,. , , 9 YV , 9 (NVWUDZHUVMD , ,, YV , ,, , ,,, YV , ,,, , ,9 YV , ,9 , 9 YV , 9 ,, ,, YV ,, ,, ,, , YV ,, , ,, ,,, YV ,, ,,, ,, ,9 YV ,, ,9 &=<11,. ,, ,, 9 YV ,, 9 8JRGRZRĞß ,, , YV ,, , ,, ,,, YV ,, ,,, ,, ,9 YV ,, ,9 ,, 9 YV ,, 9 ,,, ,,, YV ,,, ,,, ,,, , YV ,,, , ,,, ,, YV ,,, ,, ,,, ,9 YV ,,, ,9 &=<11,. ,,, ,,, 9 YV ,,, 9 6XPLHQQRĞß ,,, , YV ,,, , ,,, ,, YV ,,, ,, ,,, ,9 YV ,,, ,9 ,,, 9 YV ,,, 9 ,9 ,9 YV ,9 ,9 ,9 , YV ,9 , ,9 ,, YV ,9 ,, ,9 ,,, YV ,9 ,,, &=<11,. ,9 ,9 9 YV ,9 9 6WDELOQRĞß HPRFMRQDOQD ,9 , YV ,9 , ,9 ,, YV ,9 ,, ,9 ,,, YV ,9 ,,, ,9 9 YV ,9 9 9 9 YV 9 9 9 , YV 9 , 9 ,, YV 9 ,, 9 ,,, YV 9 ,,, &=<11,. 9 9 ,9 YV 9 ,9 ,QWHOHNW 9 , YV 9 , 9 ,, YV 9 ,, 9 ,,, YV 9 ,,, 9 ,9 YV 9 ,9

&HFK\ QLÄŞV]HJR U]ÄŠGX 7RZDU]\VNRĞß Gregariousness) 3U]\MDFLHOVNRĞß Friendliness) =GHF\GRZDQLH Assertiveness) 'REURVWDQ Poise) 3U]\ZyG]WZR /HDGHUVKLS) (NVSDQV\ZQRĞß Provocativeness) (NVSUHV\MQRĞß Self-Disclosure) *DGDWOLZRĞß Talkativeness) =DOHÄŞQRĞß RG OXG]L Sociability) :\UR]XPLDĂĄRĞß (8QGHUVWDQGLQJ) &LHSĂĄR (Warmth) 0RUDOQRĞß (Morality) 8SU]HMPRĞß (Pleasantness) (PSDWLD (Empathy) :VSyĂĄG]LDĂĄDQLH (Cooperation) :VSyĂĄF]XFLH (Sympathy) :UDÄŞOLZRĞß XF]XFLRZD (Tenderness) 8VSRĂĄHF]QLHQLH (Nurturance) 6XPLHQQRĞß (Conscientiousness) (IHNW\ZQRĞß ((IÂżFLHQF\) 2ERZLÄ…]NRZRĞß (Dutifulness) 6DPRG\VF\SOLQD (Purposefulness) 2UJDQL]DFMD (Organization) 5R]ZDJD (Cautiousness) &KĂĄRGQ\ UDFMRQDOL]P (Rationality) 3HUIHNFMRQL]P (Perfectionism) 3RU]Ä…GHN (Orderliness) 6WDELOQRĞß (Stability) 5yZQRZDJD (Happiness) &LHUSOLZRĞß (Calmness) 6DPRNRQWUROD (Moderation) 2GSRUQRĞß (Toughness) .RQWUROD LPSXOVyZ (Impulse Control) 2ERMÄŠWQRĞß (Imperturbability) 5R]OXĨQLHQLH (Cool-Headedness) 6WDĂĄRĞß HPRFMRQDOQD (Tranquility) ,QWHOHNW (Intellect) 3RP\VĂĄRZRĞß (Ingenuity) :UDÄŞOLZRĞß HVWHW\F]QD (5HĂ€HFWLRQ) .RPSHWHQFMD (Competence) %\VWURĞß (Quickness) 5HĂ€HNV\MQRĞß (Introspection) .UHDW\ZQRĞß (Creativity) :\REUDĨQLD (Imagination) 'RFLHNOLZRĞß (Depth)

> @

.2à2:< 02'(/ 6758.785< &(&+ 262%2:2ĝ&, : 8-ĉ&,8 /(:,6$ *2/'(%5*$

6\PEROH DVSHNWyZ Z $% & WUDG\F\MQLH R]QDF]DMą SU]\QDOHĪQRĞü GR GDQHJR F]\QQLND SRGVWDZRZHJR SLHUZV]D U]\PVND F\IUD RUD] ZNáDG FHFK\ RSLV\ZDQHM RNUHĞORQ\P ELHJXQHP GUXJLHJR F]\QQLND SRGVWDZRZHJR GUXJD U]\PVND F\IUD 'OD SU]\NáDGX 3U]\MDFLHOVNRĞü , ,, YV , ,, WR DVSHNW (NVWUDZHUVML , ]DOHĪQ\ RG GRGDWQLHJR ELHJXQD 8JRGRZRĞFL ,, QDWRPLDVW (NVSDQV\ZQRĞü , ,, YV , ,, MHVW DVSHNWHP (NVWUDZHUVML , ] GRPLHV]Ną QLVNLHM 8JRGRZRĞFL ,, 6DPRG\ VF\SOLQD ,,, ,9 YV ,,, ,9 RUD] 3HUIHNFMRQL]P ,,, ,9 YV ,,, ,9 WR DVSHNW\ 6XPLHQQRĞFL ,,, SU]\ F]\P SLHUZV]\ MHVW ]ZLą]DQ\ ]H 6WDELOQRĞFLą HPRFMRQDOQą ,9 D GUXJL ] QHXURW\F]QRĞFLą ,QWHOHNW 9 9 YV 9 9 WR DVSHNW UG]HQQ\ VZRMH JR F]\QQLND QD FR ZVND]XMH VDPD QD]ZD 3R]RVWDáH DVSHNW\ UG]HQQH WR 7RZDU]\ VNRĞü , , YV , , :\UR]XPLDáRĞü ,, ,, YV ,, ,, 6XPLHQQRĞü ,,, ,,, YV ,,, ,,, L 6WDELOQRĞü ,9 ,9 YV ,9 ,9 /LF]ED DVSHNWyZ NDĪGHJR ] SRGVWDZRZ\FK Z\PLDUyZ QLH MHVW XPRZQD MDN Z VWUXNWXU]H KLHUDUFKLF]QHM DOH Z\QLND ZSURVW ] ]DáRĪHĔ PRGHOX $% & :\UDĪDQH HW\NLHWDPL VáRZQ\PL ]QDF]HQLD SRV]F]HJyOQ\FK DVSHNWyZ FHFK :LHONLHM 3LąWNL Vą WHRUHW\F]QLH X]DVDGQLRQH -DN ZVSRPQLDQR SRZ\ĪHM *ROGEHUJ XMPXMH DVSHNW\ MDNR FHFK\ GZXELH JXQRZH DOH NDĪGą ] FHFK QLĪV]HJR U]ĊGX SRGREQLH ]UHV]Wą MDN NDĪG\ ] SLĊFLX SRG VWDZRZ\FK Z\PLDUyZ PRĪQD WUDNWRZDü MDNR FHFKĊ GZXELHJXQRZą OXE GZLH FH FK\ MHGQRELHJXQRZH : SLHUZV]\P SU]\SDGNX RSLVXMH VLĊ ]Z\NOH MHG\QLH GRGDWQL ELHJXQ GDQHM FHFK\ Z GUXJLP ]DFKRG]L NRQLHF]QRĞü RSLVDQLD REX ELHJXQyZ WHJR Z\PLDUX -DNR SU]\NáDG WDNLHM PRĪOLZRĞFL SRND]XMHP\ Z WDEHOL QDV]ą SURSR]\ FMĊ RSLVX XMHPQ\FK ELHJXQyZ DVSHNWyZ 6WDELOQRĞFL HPRFMRQDOQHM 7DEHOD $VSHNW\ QHXURW\F]QRĞFL Z PRGHOX $% & ± DXWRUVND SURSR]\FMD QD]Z XMHP Q\FK ELHJXQyZ DVSHNWyZ 6WDELOQRĞFL HPRFMRQDOQHM F]\QQLN ,9 Z *ROGEHUJD ZHUVML PR GHOX $% & $XWRUVND SURSR]\FMD QD]Z\ 6\PERO 1D]ZD GRGDWQLHJR ELHJXQD 6\PERO XMHPQHJR ELHJXQD ,9 ,9 1LH]UyZQRZDĪHQLH ,9 ,9 6WDELOQRĞü (Stability) ,9 , =DPDUWZLDQLH VLĊ ,9 , 5yZQRZDJD (Happiness) ,9 ,, $JUHV\ZQD ZURJRĞü ,9 ,, &LHUSOLZRĞü (Calmness) ,9 ,,, Nieopanowanie ,9 ,,, 6DPRNRQWUROD (Moderation) ,9 9 1DGZUDĪOLZRĞü ,9 9 2GSRUQRĞü (Toughness) ,9 , ,PSXOV\ZQRĞü ,9 , .RQWUROD LPSXOVyZ (Impulse Control) ,9 ,, 3áDF]OLZRĞü ,9 ,, 2ERMĊWQRĞü (Imperturbability) ,9 ,,, .RPSXOV\ZQRĞü ,9 ,,, 5R]OXĨQLHQLH (Cool-Headedness) ,9 9 =UyĪQLFRZDQLH HPRFMRQDOQH ,9 9 6WDáRĞü HPRFMRQDOQD (Tranquility)

: EDGDQLDFK OHNV\NDOQ\FK *ROGEHUJ WDNĪH W\FK SURZDG]RQ\FK Z 3ROVFH 6]DURWD VWZLHUG]D VLĊ ]QDF]ąFą QLHUyZQRZDJĊ Z ]DNUHVLH OLF]E\ RNUHĞOHĔ RSLVXMąF\FK SR]\W\ZQ\ L QHJDW\ZQ\ ELHJXQ 6WDELOQRĞFL HPRFMRQDOQHM 'XĪHM OLF] ELH VáyZ RSLVXMąF\FK QHXURW\F]QRĞü WRZDU]\V]\ QLHZLHOND OLF]ED WHUPLQyZ RGQR V]ąF\FK VLĊ GR VWDELOQRĞFL 6WąG WHĪ QD]Z\ DVSHNWyZ RGQRV]ąFH VLĊ GR GRGDWQLHJR ELHJXQD &]\QQLND ,9 QLH ]DZV]H SUHF\]\MQLH RG]ZLHUFLHGODMą LFK ]QDF]HQLH 1DM

:à2'=,0,(5= 67586 -$1 &,(&,8&+ 720$6= 52:,ē6.,

> @

Z\UDĨQLHM ZLGDü WR Z SU]\SDGNX 2ERMĊWQRĞFL ,9 ,, YV ,9 ,, 5R]OXĨQLHQLD ,9 ,,, YV ,9 ,,, L 5yZQRZDJL ,9 , YV ,9 , 3URSRQXMąF ]DUyZQR WáXPDF]HQLD QD]Z *ROGEHUJD MDN L QDV]H ZáDVQH QD]Z\ GUXJLHJR ELHJXQD Z\PLDUyZ GEDOLĞP\ Z UyZQ\P VWRSQLX R SUHF\]MĊ WUDQVODFML MDN L ]DVDGQRĞü WHRUHW\F]Qą 1DV]\P FHOHP E\áR QDGDQLH WDNLHM HW\NLHW\ NWyUD E\ RG GDZDáD ]QDF]HQLH GDQHM FHFK\ QLĪV]HJR U]ĊGX Z\QLNDMąFH ] NRáRZHJR XNáDGX ]D OHĪQRĞFL 1LHNWyUH QDV]H SURSR]\FMH PRJą Z SLHUZV]\P F]\WDQLX G]LZLü 6ą RQH MHGQDN ]DZV]H XJUXQWRZDQH WHRUHW\F]QLH 'OD SU]\NáDGX UR]ZDĪP\ SU]\MĊWą SU]H] QDV QD]ZĊ Równowaga MDNR RGSRZLHGQLND DQJLHOVNLHJR U]HF]RZQLND happiness : SV\FKRORJLL GRĞü XJUXQWRZDQ\ MHVW SRJOąG ĪH HPRFMRQDOQRĞü SR]\W\ZQD L HPR FMRQDOQRĞü QHJDW\ZQD :DWVRQ &ODUN 7HOOHJHQ Vą QLH]DOHĪQ\PL RG VLHELH Z\PLDUDPL RVRERZRĞFL L ĪH WD SLHUZV]D ]DOHĪ\ RG (NVWUDZHUVML ,QWURZHUVML D WD GUXJD RG 1HXURW\F]QRĞFL 6WDELOQRĞFL HPRFMRQDOQHM SRU 0F&UDH &RVWD 5yZQRZDJD ,9 , YV =DPDUWZLDQLH VLĊ ,9 , Z PRGHOX $% & MHVW DVSHNWHP 6WDELOQRĞFL HPRFMRQDOQHM YV 1HXURW\F]QRĞFL L RGQRVL VLĊ GR HPRFMRQDOQRĞFL QH JDW\ZQHM 3RQDGWR Z OLWHUDWXU]H ZVND]XMH VLĊ QD EáąG Z QD]HZQLFWZLH WHJR DVSHN WX 'H<RXQJ L LQ D DQDOL]D WUHĞFL LWHPyZ VNDOL PLHU]ąFHM MHJR QDVLOHQLH Z .ZHVWLRQDULXV]X ,3,3 $% & D WDNĪH VNDOL VąVLDGXMąFHJR ] QLP Z NROH F]\Q QLNyZ , RUD] ,9 DVSHNWX , ,9 U\VXQHN VNáRQLáD QDV GR ]DSURSRQRZDQLD ZáD ĞQLH WDNLHM QD]Z\ .2à$ &(&+ 262%2:2ĝ&,

3U]HGVWDZLRQD Z WDEHOL VWUXNWXUD DVSHNWyZ :LHONLHM 3LąWNL MHVW VWUXNWXUą NRáR Zą 5\VXQNL SUH]HQWXMą WH DVSHNW\ Z XNáDG]LH Nyá .DĪGH NRáR WZRU]ą GZD F]\QQLNL : GDQ\P NROH F]\QQLN UHSUH]HQWRZDQ\ MHVW SU]H] VZyM DVSHNW UG]HQQ\ RUD] GZD DVSHNW\ ]ZLą]DQH ] GRGDWQLP RUD] XMHPQ\P ELHJXQHP GUXJLHJR F]\Q QLND =DWHP Z NDĪG\P NROH MHVW V]HĞü DVSHNWyZ GZD UG]HQQH L F]WHU\ PLHV]DQH 1D XZDJĊ ]DVáXJXMH IDNW ĪH SRV]F]HJyOQH NRáD GRW\F]ą RGPLHQQ\FK VIHU RVRERZR ĞFL F]áRZLHND SRU &RVWD 0F&UH 3RQLĪV]D SUH]HQWDFMD X]XSHáQLRQD EĊG]LH R LQWHUSUHWDFMĊ ZVND]XMąFą QD PRĪOLZH SRZLą]DQLD Nyá PRGHOX $% & ] UyĪQ\PL VIHUDPL IXQNFMRQRZDQLD RVRERZRĞFL .RáR QU (NVWUDZHUVMD L 8JRGRZRĞü : NROH WZRU]RQ\P SU]H] F]\QQLNL , L ,, WU]\ DVSHNW\ (NVWUDZHUVML WR 7RZDU]\ VNRĞü DVSHNW UG]HQQ\ (NVSDQV\ZQRĞü L 3U]\MDFLHOVNRĞü QDWRPLDVW WU]HPD DVSHN WDPL 8JRGRZRĞFL Vą :\UR]XPLDáRĞü UG]HQQ\ &LHSáR L :VSyáG]LDáDQLH 2PDZLD QH NRáR SLHUZV]H ]RVWDáR SU]HGVWDZLRQH QD U\VXQNX

> @

.2à2:< 02'(/ 6758.785< &(&+ 262%2:2ĝ&, : 8-ĉ&,8 /(:,6$ *2/'(%5*$

Towarzyskość I+/I+ Ekspansywność I+/II-

I+/II+ Przyjacielskość

II-/I+

II+/I+ Ciepło

II-/II-

II+/II+ Wyrozumiałość

II-/I-

II+/I- Współdziałanie

I-/II-

I-/II+ I-/I-

5\VXQHN .RáR FHFK RVRERZRĞFL XWZRU]RQH SU]H] F]\QQLNL SRGVWDZRZH , (NVWUDZHUVMD L ,, 8JRGRZRĞü

.RáR WR RSLVXMH VIHUĊ UHODFML LQWHUSHUVRQDOQ\FK :LJJLQV F]\ VW\OyZ QDZLą]\ZDQLD LQWHUDNFML ] LQQ\PL OXGĨPL &RVWD 0F&UDH 6WDQRZL WHĪ FHQ WUDOQ\ HOHPHQW QDMEDUG]LHM ]QDQHJR NRáRZHJR PRGHOX FHFK RVRERZRĞFL ± NRQFHS FML FHFK ]DFKRZDĔ LQWHUSHUVRQDOQ\FK :LJJLQVD &R SUDZGD ,QWHUSHUVRQDOQH .RáR :LJJLQVD SRVLDGD VWUXNWXUĊ RNWDQRZą D SRGVWDZRZ\PL Z\PLDUDPL Vą Z QLP 'R PLQDFMD RUD] 0LáRĞü RUWRJRQDOQH RVLH ]URWRZDQH R VWRSQL Z VWRVXQNX GR (NV WUDZHUVML L 8JRGRZRĞFL WR MHGQDN WZRU]\ RQR SU]HVWU]HĔ EDUG]R SRGREQą GR NRáD WZRU]RQHJR SU]H] F]\QQLNL , L ,, Z PRGHOX $% & 7UDSQHOO :LJJLQV SRU .OLQNRV] 7DN ZLĊF (NVWUDZHUVMD Z SRáąF]HQLX ] Z\VRNą 8JRGRZRĞFLą SU]H MDZLD VLĊ SU]\MDFLHOVNRĞFLą VHUGHF]QRĞFLą FLHSáHP LQWHUSHUVRQDOQ\P = NROHL (NV WUDZHUVMD áąF]QLH ] QLVNą 8JRGRZRĞFLą WR GRPLQDFMD U\ZDOL]DFMD L HNVSDQV\ZQRĞü ,QWURZHUVMD SOXV Z\VRND 8JRGRZRĞü SU]HMDZLD VLĊ VNURPQRĞFLą L JRWRZRĞFLą GR ZVSyáSUDF\ D QDZHW XOHJáRĞFLą ]DĞ LQWURZHUVMD Z SRáąF]HQLX ] QLVNą 8JRGRZRĞFLą WR FKáyG L VNU\WRĞü .RáR QU (NVWUDZHUVMD L 6XPLHQQRĞü 1D U\VXQNX ]RVWDáR SU]HGVWDZLRQH NRáR WZRU]RQH SU]H] F]\QQLNL , (NVWUDZHU VMD L ,,, 8JRGRZRĞü

:à2'=,0,(5= 67586 -$1 &,(&,8&+ 720$6= 52:,ē6.,

> @

Towarzyskość I+/I+ Ekspresyjność I+/III-

I+/III+ Zdecydowanie

III-/I+

III+/I+ Efektywność

III-/III-

III+/III+ Sumienność

III-/I-

III+/I- Rozwaga

I-/III-

I-/III+ I-/I-

5\VXQHN .RáR FHFK RVRERZRĞFL XWZRU]RQH SU]H] F]\QQLNL SRGVWDZRZH , (NVWUDZHUVMD L ,,, 6XPLHQQRĞü

=ZLą]DQD ] áDWZRĞFLą XMDZQLDQLD LQIRUPDFML R VRELH (NVSUHV\MQRĞü , ,,, YV , ,,, WR DVSHNW (NVWUDZHUVML ] GRPLHV]Ną QLVNLHM 6XPLHQQRĞFL 1DVWĊSQLH SU]HVXZD MąF VLĊ SR NROH ]JRGQLH ] UXFKHP ZVND]yZHN ]HJDUD MHVW 7RZDU]\VNRĞü , , YV , , RUD] =GHF\GRZDQLH , ,,, YV , ,,, ± DVSHNW (NVWUDZHUVML ] XG]LDáHP Z\ VRNLHM 6XPLHQQRĞFL = NROHL (IHNW\ZQRĞü ,,, , YV ,,, , WR DVSHNW 6XPLHQQRĞFL ] GRPLHV]Ną Z\VRNLHM (NVWUDZHUVML 'DOHM ]QDMGXMH VLĊ UG]HQQ\ DVSHNW 6XPLHQQRĞFL ,,, ,,, YV ,,, ,,, RUD] 5R]ZDJD ,,, , YV ,,, , F]\OL DVSHNW 6XPLHQQRĞFL ] GRPLHV]Ną LQWURZHUVML 7R NRáR Z\GDMH VLĊ QDMZ\UDĨQLHM GRW\F]\ü SUHIHURZDQH JR VW\OX G]LDáDQLD F]\ WHĪ DNW\ZQRĞFL &RVWD 0F&UDH (NVWUDZHUVMD RNUHĞOD SR]LRP HQHUJLL QDWRPLDVW 6XPLHQQRĞü Z\]QDF]D SR]LRP RUJDQL]DFML DNW\ZQRĞFL MHGQRVWNL SRU 3HDERG\ *ROGEHUJ .RáR QU (NVWUDZHUVMD L 6WDELOQRĞü HPRFMRQDOQD .RáR WU]HFLH NRQVW\WXRZDQH SU]H] (NVWUDZHUVMĊ HPRFMRQDOQą , L 6WDELOQRĞü ,9 ]RVWDáR SU]HGVWDZLRQH QD U\VXQNX

> @

.2à2:< 02'(/ 6758.785< &(&+ 262%2:2ĝ&, : 8-ĉ&,8 /(:,6$ *2/'(%5*$

Towarzyskość I+/I+ Gadatliwość I+/IV-

I+/IV+ Dobrostan

IV-/I+

IV+/I+ Równowaga

IV-/IV-

IV+/IV+ Stabilność

IV-/I-

IV+/I- Kontrola impulsów

I-/IV-

I-/IV+ I-/I-

5\VXQHN .RáR FHFK RVRERZRĞFL XWZRU]RQH SU]H] F]\QQLNL SRGVWDZRZH , (NVWUDZHUVMD L ,9 6WDELOQRĞü HPRFMRQDOQD

$VSHNW\ REHFQH Z W\P NROH PRJą E\ü X]QDQH ]D ZáDĞFLZRĞFL WHPSHUDPHQWDO QH VDPR NRáR ]DĞ Z\GDMH VLĊ QDMPRFQLHM GRW\F]\ü VIHU\ WHPSHUDPHQWX VSRĞUyG ZV]\VWNLFK Nyá PRGHOX $% & (NVWUDZHUVMD L 1HXURW\F]QRĞü X]QDZDQH Vą ERZLHP QLHU]DGNR ZáDĞQLH ]D WH F]\QQLNL :LHONLHM 3LąWNL NWyUH PRĪQD X]QDü ]D FHFK\ WHP SHUDPHQWDOQH (\VHQFN *UH\ +RIVWHH 6WUHODX D E =DZDG]NL 6WUHODX =DZDG]NL L LQ =Z\NOH WHĪ SU]\MPXMH VLĊ ĪH Vą RQH Z\PLDUDPL QLH]DOHĪQ\PL RG VLHELH :DUWR RGQRWRZDü ĪH (\VHQFN ]HVWDZLDMąF MH ]H VWDURĪ\WQą W\SRORJLą WHPSHUDPHQWX +LSRNUDWHVD *DOHQD ]DVXJHURZDá MHGQR F]HĞQLH NRáRZą VWUXNWXUĊ FHFK QLĪV]HJR U]ĊGX (\VHQFN (\VHQFN 3RQDGWR MHĞOL QD RUWRJRQDOQH Z]JOĊGHP VLHELH Z\PLDU\ (NVWUDZHUVML L 1HXURW\]PX (\VHQF ND QDáRĪ\ü SU]HVXQLĊWH Z]JOĊGHP QLFK R VWRSQL RUWRJRQDOQH RVLH LP SXOV\ZQRĞFL L OĊNX ± GZD SRGVWDZRZH Z\PLDU\ WHPSHUDPHQWX Z WHRULL %,6 %$6 (behawioralny system hamownia i behawioralny system aktywacji *UD\¶D X]\VNDP\ SU]HVWU]HĔ EDUG]R EOLVNą NRáX , ,9 Z PRGHOX $% & 'RGDü PRĪ QD ĪH G\VSR]\FMH ] RPDZLDQHJR NRáD V]F]HJyOQLH Z\UDĨQLH RGQRV]ą VLĊ GR IXQN FMRQRZDQLD HPRFMRQDOQHJR HPRFMRQDOQRĞü QHJDW\ZQD L SR]\W\ZQD :DWVRQ L LQ SRU &RVWD 0F&UDH 5XVVHOO <LN ; <LN 5XVVHOO %DUUHWW :V]\VWNR WR VWDMH VLĊ MHGQDN Z\UDĨQH GRSLHUR SR XZ]JOĊGQLHQLX XMHPQ\FK ELHJXQyZ DVSHNWyZ NRáD , ,9 SDWU] WDEHOD -DN ]DSUH]HQWRZDQR Z WDEHOL XMHPQ\ ELHJXQ DVSHNWX ,9 , YV ,9 , 5yZ QRZDJD QD]ZDOLĞP\ =DPDUWZLDQLHP VLĊ LQQD PRĪOLZRĞü WR SR SURVWX 1LHSRNyM QDWRPLDVW Z SU]\SDGNX DVSHNWX ,9 , YV ,9 , .RQWUROD LPSXOVyZ XMHPQ\ ELH

:à2'=,0,(5= 67586 -$1 &,(&,8&+ 720$6= 52:,ē6.,

> @

JXQ QD]ZDOLĞP\ ,PSXOV\ZQRĞFLą = NROHL QD SRGVWDZLH SU]HVáDQHN WHRUHW\F]Q\FK RUD] DQDOL]\ WUHĞFL LWHPyZ RGSRZLHGQLFK VNDO .ZHVWLRQDULXV]D ,3,3 $% & Vą G]LP\ ĪH XMHPQ\ ELHJXQ DVSHNWX , ,9 YV , ,9 'REURVWDQ PRĪQD E\áRE\ QD ]ZDü 1LHĞPLDáRĞFLą QDWRPLDVW XMHPQ\ ELHJXQ DVSHNWX , ,9 YV , ,9 *DGDWOL ZRĞü ± 6WRQRZDQLHP .RáR QU (NVWUDZHUVMD L ,QWHOHNW 2VWDWQLH NRáR ] XG]LDáHP F]\QQLND , (NVWUDZHUVML WR NRPELQDFMD (NVWUDZHUVML L ,QWHOHNWX .RáR ]RVWDáR SU]HGVWDZLRQH QD U\VXQNX Towarzyskość I+/I+ Zależność od ludzi I+/V-

I+/V+ Przywództwo

V-/I+

III+/I+ Pomysłowość

V-/V-

V+/V+ Intelekt

V-/I-

III+/I- Refleksyjność

I-/V-

I-/V+ I-/I-

5\VXQHN .RáR FHFK RVRERZRĞFL XWZRU]RQH SU]H] F]\QQLNL SRGVWDZRZH , (NVWUDZHUVMD L 9 ,QWHOHNW

: ]DOHĪQRĞFL RG SR]LRPX ,QWHOHNWX (NVWUDZHUVMD SU]\MPXMH SRVWDü =DOHĪQRĞFL RG OXG]L , 9 YV , 9 DOER 6NáRQQRĞFL SU]\ZyGF]\FK , 9 YV , 9 = NROHL LQWHOHNW HNVWUDZHUW\ZQ\ SU]HMDZLD VLĊ Z 3RP\VáRZRĞFL 9 , YV 9 , ]DĞ LQWUR ZHUW\ZQ\ Z 5HÀHNV\MQRĞFL 9 , YV 9 , F]\ VNáRQQRĞFL GR LQWURVSHNFML .RáR , 9 RGQRVL VLĊ ZLĊF GR VSRVREyZ SR]QDZF]HJR IXQNFMRQRZDQLD ZĞUyG OXG]L OXE WHĪ VW\OyZ ]DLQWHUHVRZDĔ SRU &RVWD 0F&UDH .RáR QU 8JRGRZRĞü L 6XPLHQQRĞü .ROHMQH NRáR WR SU]HVWU]HĔ Z\]QDF]RQD Z\PLDUDPL 8JRGRZRĞFL ,, L 6XPLHQ QRĞFL ,,, =RVWDáR RQR SU]HGVWDZLRQH QD U\VXQNX

> @

.2à2:< 02'(/ 6758.785< &(&+ 262%2:2ĝ&, : 8-ĉ&,8 /(:,6$ *2/'(%5*$

Wyrozumiałość II+/II+ Współczucie II+/III-

II+/III+ Moralność

III-/II+

III+/II+ Obowiązkowość

III-/III-

III+/III+ Sumienność

III-/II-

III+/II- Chłodny racjonalizm

II-/III+

II-/IIIII-/II-

5\VXQHN .RáR FHFK RVRERZRĞFL XWZRU]RQH SU]H] F]\QQLNL SRGVWDZRZH ,, 8JRGRZRĞü L ,,, 6XPLHQQRĞü

-DN ZLGDü 0RUDOQRĞü ,, ,,, YV ,, ,,, WR DVSHNW 8JRGRZRĞFL ] GRPLHV]Ną Z\VRNLHM 6XPLHQQRĞFL ] NROHL 2ERZLą]NRZRĞü ,,, ,, YV ,,, ,, WR DVSHNW 6X PLHQQRĞFL ] GRPLHV]Ną Z\VRNLHM 8JRGRZRĞFL .RáRZD VWUXNWXUD SU]HZLGXMH RF]\ ZLĞFLH Z\VRNą GRGDWQLą NRUHODFMĊ SRPLĊG]\ RERPD DVSHNWDPL 7DN VDPR Z\VRNL DOH XMHPQ\ ]ZLą]HN Z\VWĊSXMH Z PRGHOX SRPLĊG]\ :VSyáF]XFLHP ,, ,,, YV ,, ,,, D &KáRGQ\P UDFMRQDOL]PHP ,,, ,, YV ,,, ,, $VSHNW\ UG]HQQH :\UR]X PLDáRĞü ,, ,, YV ,, ,, RUD] 6XPLHQQRĞü ,,, ,,, YV ,,, ,,, Vą Z PRGHOX QLH ]ZLą]DQH ]H VREą .RáR ,, ,,, Z\GDMH VLĊ RGQRVLü GR G]LHG]LQ\ PRUDOQRĞFL VWRVXQNX GR QRUP VSR áHF]Q\FK L ]DFKRZDĔ DOWUXLVW\F]Q\FK ] MHGQHM VWURQ\ SRSU]H] RERMĊWQ\ SUDJPD W\]P DĪ SR WHQGHQFMH DQW\VSRáHF]QH ] GUXJLHM 0RĪQD WHĪ WĊ GRPHQĊ QD]ZDü VW\OD PL FKDUDNWHUX &RVWD 0F&UDH SRU 3HDERG\ *ROGEHUJ .RáR QU 8JRGRZRĞü L 6WDELOQRĞü HPRFMRQDOQD .RáR NRQVW\WXRZDQH SU]H] F]\QQLNL ,, 8JRGRZRĞü L ,9 6WDELOQRĞü HPRFMRQDO QD ]RVWDáR SU]HGVWDZLRQH QD U\VXQNX

:à2'=,0,(5= 67586 -$1 &,(&,8&+ 720$6= 52:,ē6.,

[20]

Wyrozumiałość II+/II+ Wrażliwość uczuciowa II+/IV-

II+/IV+ Uprzejmość

IV-/II+

IV+/II+ Cierpliwość

IV-/IV-

IV+/IV+ Stabilność

IV-/II-

IV+/II- Obojętność

II-/IV-

II-/IV+ II-/II-

5\VXQHN .RáR FHFK RVRERZRĞFL XWZRU]RQH SU]H] F]\QQLNL SRGVWDZRZH ,, 8JRGRZRĞü L ,9 6WDELOQRĞü HPRFMRQDOQD

2SLVXMH RQR HPRFMRQDOQą ZUDĪOLZRĞü QD LQQ\FK OXG]L ]DXIDQLH GR QLFK L NRQWUR OĊ JQLHZX : LQWHUDNFML 8JRGRZRĞFL L 6WDELOQRĞFL HPRFMRQDOQHM QHXURW\F]QRĞFL XMDZQLDMą VLĊ WDNLH FHFK\ QLĪV]HJR U]ĊGX MDN :UDĪOLZRĞü XF]XFLRZD ,, ,9 YV ,, ,9 DOER 2ERMĊWQRĞü ,9 ,, YV ,9 ,, 8SU]HMPRĞü ,, ,9 YV ,, ,9 RUD] &LHUSOLZRĞü YHUVXV DJUHV\ZQD ZURJRĞü ,9 ,, YV ,9 ,, .RáR QU 8JRGRZRĞü L ,QWHOHNW 1D U\VXQNX SU]HGVWDZLRQH ]RVWDáR NRáR WZRU]RQH SU]H] F]\QQLNL ,, 8JRGR ZRĞü L 9 ,QWHOHNW

.2à2:< 02'(/ 6758.785< &(&+ 262%2:2ĝ&, : 8-ĉ&,8 /(:,6$ *2/'(%5*$

[21]

Wyrozumiałość II+/II+ Uspołeczenienie II+/V-

II+/V+ Empatia

V-/II+

V+/II+ Wrażliwość estetyczna

V-/V-

V+/V+ Intelekt

V-/II-

V+/II- Kreatywność

II-/V-

II-/V+ II-/II-

5\VXQHN .RáR FHFK RVRERZRĞFL XWZRU]RQH SU]H] F]\QQLNL SRGVWDZRZH ,, 8JRGRZRĞü L 9 ,QWHOHNW

.RáR WR RGQRVL VLĊ GR VIHU\ SU]HNRQDĔ L SRVWDZ RULHQWDFML ĞZLDWRSRJOąGRZ\FK F]\ RJyOQ\FK XVWRVXQNRZDĔ Z ]DNUHVLH ZDUWRĞFL 2WZDUWRĞü QD SLĊNQR RUD] QD SR WU]HE\ L UDFMH LQQ\FK YV ]DPNQLĊFLH Z ĞZLHFLH ZáDVQ\FK SU]HNRQDĔ L LQWHUHVyZ NU\ W\F]QD RU\JLQDOQRĞü L QLH]DOHĪQRĞü YV VLOQH XVSRáHF]QLHQLH L NRQZHQFMRQDOQRĞü ± WDNLH JáyZQH RULHQWDFMH X]\VNXMHP\ Z LQWHUDNFML 8JRGRZRĞFL RUD] ,QWHOHNWX .RáR QU 6XPLHQQRĞü L 6WDELOQRĞü HPRFMRQDOQD .RPELQDFMD 6XPLHQQRĞFL ,,, RUD] 6WDELOQRĞFL HPRFMRQDOQHM ,9 WZRU]\ NRáR SU]HGVWDZLRQH QD U\VXQNX

:à2'=,0,(5= 67586 -$1 &,(&,8&+ 720$6= 52:,ē6.,

[22]

Sumienność III+/III+ Perfekcjonizm III+/IV-

III+/IV+ Samodyscyplina

IV-/III+

IV+/III+ Samokontrola

IV-/IV-

IV+/IV+ Stabilność

IV-/III-

IV+/III- Rozluźnienie

III-/IV-

III-/IV+ III-/III-

5\VXQHN .RáR FHFK RVRERZRĞFL XWZRU]RQH SU]H] F]\QQLNL SRGVWDZRZH ,,, 6XPLHQQRĞü L ,9 6WDELOQRĞü HPRFMRQDOQD

.RáR WR RSLVXMH VDPRNRQWUROĊ ± MHM SR]LRP L UyĪQH DVSHNW\ = MHGQHM VWURQ\ SDQR ZDQLH QD VREą VZRLPL HPRFMDPL L ]DFKRZDQLHP ,9 ,,, YV ,9 ,,, WROHUDQFMD QD IUXVWUDFMĊ Z\WUZDáRĞü Z GąĪHQLX GR FHOX L XPLHMĊWQRĞFL DXWRPRW\ZDF\MQH ,,, ,9 YV ,,, ,9 = GUXJLHM VWURQ\ SHUIHNFMRQL]P QDGPLHUQD NRQWUROD L V]W\ZQRĞü ,,, ,9 YV ,,, ,9 D QDZHW VNáRQQRĞFL GR ]DFKRZDĔ REVHV\MQR NRPSXOV\ZQ\FK XMHPQ\ ELHJXQ DVSHNWX ,9 ,,, YV ,9 ,,, 2F]\ZLĞFLH QD SU]HFLZOHJá\FK ELH JXQDFK W\FK FKDUDNWHU\VW\N RVRERZRĞFLRZ\FK OHĪą QLHRSDQRZDQLH GH¿F\W NRQWUROL QDG ZáDVQ\PL HPRFMDPL L SUDJQLHQLDPL UR]WDUJQLHQLH DOER WHĪ 5R]OXĨQLHQLH ,9 ,,, YV ,9 ,,, ]UHODNVRZDQLH L SREáDĪOLZRĞü ZREHF VLHELH .RáR QU 6XPLHQQRĞü L ,QWHOHNW 1D U\VXQNX ]RVWDáR SU]HGVWDZLRQH NRáR WZRU]RQH SU]H] F]\QQLN ,,, 6XPLHQ QRĞü RUD] 9 ,QWHOHNW

> @

.2à2:< 02'(/ 6758.785< &(&+ 262%2:2ĝ&, : 8-ĉ&,8 /(:,6$ *2/'(%5*$

Sumienność III+/III+ Porządek III+/V-

III+/V+ Organizacja

V-/III+

V+/III+ Kompetencja

V-/V-

V+/V+ Intelekt

V-/III-

V+/III- Wyobraźnia

III-/V-

III-/V+ III-/III-

5\VXQHN .RáR FHFK RVRERZRĞFL XWZRU]RQH SU]H] F]\QQLNL SRGVWDZRZH ,,, 6XPLHQQRĞü L 9 ,QWHOHNW

,QWHUDNFMD 6XPLHQQRĞFL ,,, ] ,QWHOHNWHP 9 Z\GDMH VLĊ REHMPRZDü QDVWDZLH QLH GR Z\NRQ\ZDQ\FK ]DGDĔ L SU]\VZDMDQLD QRZHM ZLHG]\ L XPLHMĊWQRĞFL SRU &R VWD 0F&UDH :\REUDĨQLD ,,, 9 YV ,,, 9 WR DVSHNW ,QWHOHNWX ] XG]LDáHP QLVNLHM 6XPLHQQRĞFL 3RU]ąGHN ,,, 9 YV ,,, 9 WR FHFKD EĊGąFD UH]XOWDWHP RG ZURWQHM NRQ¿JXUDFML = NROHL SRáąF]HQLH Z\VRNLHM 6XPLHQQRĞFL ] RWZDUWRĞFLą LQWH OHNWXDOQą SU]HMDZLD VLĊ WDNLP EOLVNR ]ZLą]DQ\PL DVSHNWDPL MDN 2UJDQL]DFMD ,,, 9 YV ,,, 9 RUD] .RPSHWHQFMD 9 ,,, YV 9 ,,, .RáR QU 6WDELOQRĞü HPRFMRQDOQD L ,QWHOHNW 1D U\VXQNX SU]HGVWDZLRQH ]RVWDáR RVWDWQLH G]LHVLąWH NRáR NRQVW\WXRZDQH SU]H] F]\QQLNL ,9 6WDELOQRĞü HPRFMRQDOQD L 9 ,QWHOHNW

> @

:à2'=,0,(5= 67586 -$1 &,(&,8&+ 720$6= 52:,ē6.,

Stabilność IV+/IV+ Stałość emocjonalna IV+/V-

IV+/V+ Odporność

V-/IV+

V+/IV+ Bystrość

V-/V-

V+/V+ Intelekt

V-/IV-

V+/IV- Dociekliwość

IV-/V-

IV-/V+ IV-/IV-

5\VXQHN .RáR FHFK RVRERZRĞFL XWZRU]RQH SU]H] F]\QQLNL SRGVWDZRZH ,9 6WDELOQRĞü HPRFMRQDOQD L 9 ,QWHOHNW

.RáR WR RSLVXMH VSRVRE\ IXQNFMRQRZDQLD Z ZDUXQNDFK SU]HFLąĪHQLD VW\PXOD F\MQHJR L LQIRUPDF\MQHJR = NRPELQDFML F]\QQLNyZ 6WDELOQRĞFL HPRFMRQDOQHM ,9 RUD] ,QWHOHNWX 9 Z\áDQLDMą VLĊ WDNLH ZáDĞFLZRĞFL MDN QS HIHNW\ZQRĞü IXQNFMR QRZDQLD SR]QDZF]HJR SRPLPR REFLąĪDMąF\FK ZDUXQNyZ 9 ,9 YV 9 ,9 %\ VWURĞü VNXWHF]QRĞü UDG]HQLD VRELH ]H VWUHVHP ,9 9 YV ,9 9 2GSRUQRĞü $OH NRáR ,9 9 GRW\F]\ QLH W\ONR IXQNFMRQRZDQLD Z ZDUXQNDFK VWUHVX L VW\OyZ REURQ Q\FK &RVWD 0F&UDH DOH WDNĪH VZRLVWHM ZQLNOLZRĞFL SR]QDZF]HM 9 ,9 YV 9 ,9 RUD] ERJDFWZD SU]HĪ\ü HPRFMRQDOQ\FK XMHPQ\ ELHJXQ ,9 9 YV ,9 9 .2à$ $% & -$.2 7$%/,&$ 0(1'(/(-(:$ : 36<&+2/2*,, 262%2:2ĝ&,

+RIVWHH GH 5DDG L *ROGEHUJ VXJHURZDOL ĪH PRGHO $% & PRĪQD E\áRE\ SRWUDNWRZDü Z NDWHJRULDFK XNáDGX RNUHVRZHJR SLHUZLDVWNyZ Z SV\FKRORJLL RVR ERZRĞFL 0HWDIRUD WD Z\GDMH VLĊ LQWHUHVXMąFD MHĞOL ZHĨPLHP\ SRG XZDJĊ ]DNáD GDQ\ Z UDPDFK $% & XNáDG SRV]F]HJyOQ\FK Nyá XMPXMąF\FK UyĪQH VIHU\ RVRER ZRĞFL F]áRZLHND 1DOHĪ\ SRGNUHĞOLü ĪH Z SRZ\ĪV]\FK LQWHUSUHWDFMDFK ]QDF]HQLD SRV]F]HJyOQ\FK Nyá RGZRá\ZDQR VLĊ PLĊG]\ LQQ\PL GR SURSR]\FML &RVW\ L 0F&UDH ]RE -DQNRZVNL 2OHĞ %ąN 2OHĞ .OLQNRV] 6ĊNRZVNL NWyU]\ WDNĪH SU]HGVWDZLOL G]LHVLĊü VFKHPDWyZ SDU SRGVWDZRZ\FK F]\QQLNyZ RVRERZRĞFL MDNR RNUHĞODMąFH UyĪQH REV]DU\ D Z LFK UDPDFK VW\OH IXQNFMRQRZDQLD :\NUHV\ WH QLH ]DZLHUDá\ MHGQDN DVSHNWyZ L SU]H]QDF]RQH Vą MHG\QLH GR SRPRF\ Z LQWHUSUHWD FML Z\QLNyZ Z GLDJQR]LH LQG\ZLGXDOQHM ERZLHP LGHD Z]DMHPQ\FK UHODFML PLĊG]\

> @

.2à2:< 02'(/ 6758.785< &(&+ 262%2:2ĝ&, : 8-ĉ&,8 /(:,6$ *2/'(%5*$

SRGVWDZRZ\PL F]\QQLNDPL RUD] SRPLĊG]\ LFK DVSHNWDPL MHVW VSU]HF]QD ] KLHUDU FKLF]Q\P PRGHOHP RUJDQL]DFML FHFK RVRERZRĞFL 3URSR]\FMD G]LHVLĊFLX Nyá REHMPXMąF\FK RGUĊEQH G]LHG]LQ\ SU]HMDZLDQLD VLĊ RVR ERZRĞFL VWZDU]D UyZQLHĪ PRĪOLZRĞFL LQWHJUDFML ZLHOX EDUG]LHM V]F]HJyáRZ\FK NRQ FHSFML RVRERZRĞFL L WHPSHUDPHQWX Z MHGHQ PRGHO SRGVWDZRZ\FK Z\PLDUyZ RVR ERZRĞFL F]áRZLHND 'R QDMEDUG]LHM RF]\ZLVW\FK SU]\NáDGyZ QDOHĪą ZVSRPQLDQH Z\ĪHM NRQFHSFMD LQWHUSHUVRQDOQHJR NRáD :LJJLQVD RUD] (\VHQFND NRQFHSFMD 1HX URW\]PX L (NVWUDZHUVML ZUD] ] WHRULą %,6 %$6 *UD\¶D = GUXJLHM VWURQ\ Z PRGHOX $% & Vą L WDNLH NRáD NWyU\FK ]DNUHV WUHĞFLRZ\ QLH E\á GRWąG FHQWUDOQ\P RELHNWHP ]DLQWHUHVRZDQLD ĪDGQHM WHRULL F]\ NRQFHSFML L NWyUH PRĪQD WUDNWRZDü MDNR FLHNDZH REV]DU\ EDGDĔ QDG RVRERZRĞFLą .RáRZ\ 0RGHO :LHONLHM 3LąWNL MHVW LQWHUHVXMąFą NRQWUSURSR]\FMą XMĊFLD VWUXNWXU\ FHFK RVRERZRĞFL Z VWRVXQNX GR 3LĊFLRF]\QQLNRZHJR 0RGHOX 2VRERZRĞFL 2 SU]H ZDG]H PRGHOX $% & PXVL UR]VWU]\JQąü MHGQDN WHVW HPSLU\F]Q\ ]DUyZQR WUDIQRĞFL VWUXNWXUDOQHM MDN L ]HZQĊWU]QHM QS Z\MDĞQLDQLH NRQNUHWQ\FK ]DFKRZDĔ SRU *UX F]D *ROGEHUJ 3URSR]\FMD *ROGEHUJD ZHUVMD PRGHOX $% & ZUD] ] RSH UDFMRQDOL]XMDF\P Mą QDU]ĊG]LHP MHVW ZDĪQ\P NURNLHP ] SXQNWX ZLG]HQLD HPSL U\F]QHM ZHU\¿NDFML PRGHOX 'RW\FKF]DVRZH EDGDQLD SU]HSURZDG]RQH SU]\ XĪ\FLX ,3,3 $% & Vą EDUG]R RELHFXMąFH %DFNVWURP L LQ 6WUXV L LQ FKRü ZVND]XMą WDNĪH QD SRWU]HEĊ PRG\¿NDFML ]QDF]HQLD QLHNWyU\FK DVSHNWyZ Z\UyĪQLR Q\FK Z *ROGEHUJD ZHUVML PRGHOX $% & %,%/,2*5$),$

$VKWRQ 0 & /HH . (PSLULFDO WKHRUHWLFDO DQG SUDFWLFDO DGYDQWDJHV RI WKH +(;$&2 PRGHO RI SHUVRQDOLW\ VWUXFWXUH Personality and Social Psychology Review, 11, %DFNVWURP 0 /DUVVRQ 0 5 0DGGX[ 5 ( $ VWUXFWXUDO YDOLGDWLRQ RI DQ LQYHQWRU\ EDVHG RQ WKH $EULGJHG )LYH )DFWRU &LUFXPSOH[ 0RGHO $% & Journal of Personality Assesment, 91 %DUEDUDQHOOL & &DSUDUD * 9 6WXGLHV RI WKH %LJ )LYH 4XHVWLRQQDLUH : % 'H 5DDG 0 3HUXJLQL UHG Big Five Assessment V 6HDWWOH ± 7RURQWR ± %HUQ ± *RWWLQJHQ +RJUHIH DQG +XEHU 3XEOLVKHUV %ROOHQ . /HQQR[ 5 &RQYHQWLRQDO ZLVGRP RQ PHDVXUHPHQW D VWUXFWXUDO HTXDWLRQ SHUVSHFWLYH Psychological Bulletin %RUVERRP ' 7KH DWWDFN RI WKH SV\FKRPHWULFLDQV Psychometrika &DWWHO 5 % Personality and Motivation, Structure and Measurement. New <RUN :RUOG %RRNV &RPS &RVWD 3 0F&UDH 5 D )RXU ZD\V )LYH )DFWRUV DUH %DVLF Personality and Individual Differences, 13, &RVWD 3 0F&UDH 5 E 5HSOD\ WR (\VHQFN Personality and Individual Differences, 13, &RVWD 3 7 0F&UDH 5 5 Revised NEO Personality Inventory 1(2±3,±5 ,QWHUSUHWDWLYH 5HSRUW /XW] )/ 3V\FKRORJLFDO $VVHVVPHQW 5HVRXUFHV ,QF

:Ã 2'=,0,(5= 67586 -$1 &,(&,8&+ 720$6= 52:,Ä“6.,

> @

'H 5DDG % )LYH ELJ ELJ ¿YH LVVXHV 5DWLRQDOH FRQWHQW VWUXFWXUH VWDWXV DQG FURVVFXOWXUDO DVVHVVPHQW European Psychologist, 3, 'H 5DDG % +RIVWHH : . % $ FLUFXPSOH[ DSSURDFK WR WKH ¿YH IDFWRU PRGHO $ IDFHW VWUXFWXUH RI WUDLW DGMHFWLYHV VXSSOHPHQWHG E\ WUDLW YHUEV Personality and Individual Differences, 15, 'H 5DDG % 3HUXJLQL 0 %LJ )LYH IDFWRU DVVHVVPHQW ,QWURGXFWLRQ : % 'H 5DDG 0 3HUXJLQL UHG Big Five Assessment V 6HDWWOH ± 7RURQWR ± %HUQ ± *RWWLQJHQ +RJUHIH DQG +XEHU 3XEOLVKHUV 'H<RXQJ & * +LJKHU RUGHU IDFWRUV RI WKH %LJ )LYH LQ D PXOWLLQIRUPDQW VDPSOH Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 'H<RQJ & * 4XLOW\ / & 3HWHUVRQ - % %HWZHHQ IDFHWV DQG GRPDLQV DVSHFWV RI WKH %LJ )LYH Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(5), 'LJPDQ - 3HUVRQDOLW\ VWUXFWXUH HPHUJHQFH RI WKH ¿YH IDFWRU PRGHO Annual Review of Psychology, 41 'LJPDQ - 0 +LJKHU RUGHU IDFWRU RI WKH %LJ )LYH Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, (\VHQFN + - 'LPHQVLRQV RI 3HUVRQDOLW\ RU " ± &ULWHULD IRU D WD[RQRPLF SDUDGLJP Personality and Individual Differences, 12, (\VHQFN + - )RXU ZD\V )LYH )DFWRUV DUH QRW %DVLF Personality and Individual Differences, 13, (\VHQFN + - %LRORJLFDO 'LPHQVLRQV RI 3HUVRQDOLW\ : / $ 3HUYLQ UHG Handbook of Personality: Theory and research V . 1HZ <RUN /RQGRQ *XLOIRUG 3UHVV (\VHQFN + - (\VHQFN 0 : Personality and Individual Differences. $ 1DWXUDO 6FLHQFH $SSURDFK 1HZ <RUN 3OHQXP 3UHVV *ROGEHUJ / 5 /DQJXDJH DQG LQGLYLGXDO GLIIHUHQFHV 7KH VHDUFK IRU XQLYHUVDOV LQ SHUVRQDOLW\ OH[LFRQV : / :KHHOHU UHG Review of personality and social psychology 7 V %HYHUO\ +LOOV &$ 6DJH *ROGEHUJ / 5 $Q DOWHUQDWLYH ³GHVFULSWLRQ RI SHUVRQDOLW\´ 7KH %LJ )LYH IDFWRU VWUXFWXUH Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, *ROGEHUJ / 5 7KH GHYHORSPHQW RI PDUNHUV RI %LJ )LYH IDFWRU VWUXFWXUH Psychological Assessment, 4 *ROGEHUJ / 5 7KH VWUXFWXUH RI SKHQRW\SLF SHUVRQDOLW\ WUDLWV American Psychologist, 48, *ROGEHUJ / 5 $ %URDG %DQGZLGWK 3XEOLF 'RPDLQ 3HUVRQDOLW\ ,QYHQWRU\ 0HDVXULQJ WKH /RZHU /HYHO )DFHWV RI 6HYHUDO )LYH )DFWRU 0RGHOV ,Q , 0HUYLHOGH , 'HDU\ ) 'H )UX\W ) 2VWHQGRUI UHG Personality Psychology in Europe, Vol. 7 V 7LOEXUJ 7KH 1HWKHUODQGV 7LOEXUJ 8QLYHUVLW\ 3UHVV *ROGEHUJ / 5 -RKQVRQ - $ (EHU + : +RJDQ 5 $VKWRQ 0 & &ORQLQJHU & 5 *RXJK + * 7KH LQWHUQDWLRQDO SHUVRQDOLW\ LWHP SRRO DQG WKH IXWXUH RI SXEOLF GRPDLQ SHUVRQDOLW\ PHDVXUHV Journal of Research in Personality, 40, *UD\ - $ 3HUVSHFWLYH RQ DQ[LHW\ DQG LPSXOVLYLW\ $ FRPPHQWDU\ Journal of Research in Personality, 21,

> @

.2Ă 2:< 02'(/ 6758.785< &(&+ 262%2:2Ä?&, : 8-ĉ&,8 /(:,6$ *2/'(%5*$

*UD\ - $ :\PLDU\ RVRERZRÄžFL D V\VWHP\ HPRFMRQDOQH : 3 (NPDQ L 5 - 'DYLGVRQ UHG Natura emocji V *GDÄ”VN *:3 *UXF]D 5 $ *ROGEHUJ / 5 7KH FRPSDUDWLYH YDOLGLW\ RI PRGHUQ SHUVR QDOLW\ LQYHQWRULHV 3UHGLFWLRQV RI EHKDYLRUDO DFWV LQIRUPDQW UHSRUWV DQG FOLQLFDO LQGLFDWRUV Journal of Personality Assessment, 89(2), +RIVWHH : . % 7KH &RQFHSWV RI 3HUVRQDOLW\ DQG 7HPSHUDPHQW : - 6WUHODX $ $QJOHLWQHU UHG Explorations in Temperament: International Perspective on Theory and Measurement V 1HZ <RUN 3OHQXP 3UHVV +RIVWHH : . % GH 5DDG % *ROGEHUJ / 5 ,QWHJUDWLRQ RI WKH %LJ )LYH DQG &LUFXPSOH[ WR 7UDLW 6WUXFWXUH Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(1) -DQNRZVNL 7 2OHÄž 0 %Ä…N : 2OHÄž 3 3U]\GDWQRĞß LQZHQWDU]D 1(2 3, 5 Z GLDJQR]LH LQG\ZLGXDOQHM : - 6LXWD UHG Diagnoza osobowoÄžFL ,QZHQWDU] 1(2 3, 5 Z WHRULL L SUDNW\FH V :DUV]DZD 373 373 -DUPXÄŞ 6 0HWRGRORJLF]QH SUREOHP ]ZLÄ…]DQH ] ZHU\ÂżNDFMÄ… PRGHOX Ă„:LHO NLHM 3LÄ…WNL´ 3U]HJOÄ…G 3V\FKRORJLF]Q\ -RKQ 2 3 7KH Âł%LJ )LYH´ IDFWRU WD[RQRP\ 'LPHQVLRQ RI SHUVRQDOLW\ LQ WKH QDWXUDO ODQJXDJH DQG LQ TXHVWLRQQDLUHV : / $ 3HUYLQ UHG Handbook of Personality theory and research. 1HZ <RUN *XLOIRUG 3UHVV -RKQ 2 3 6ULYDVWDYD 6 7KH %LJ )LYH WUDLW WD[RQRP\ +LVWRU\ 0HDVXUH PHQW DQG WKHRUHWLFDO SHUVSHFWLYHV : / $ 3HUYLQ 2 3 -RKQ UHG Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research V 1HZ <RUN *XLOIRUG 3UHVV -RKQVRQ - $ D &ODULÂżFDWLRQ RI )DFWRU )LYH ZLWK WKH KHOS RI WKH $% & 0R GHO European Journal of Personality, 8 -RKQVRQ - $ E 0XOWLPHWKRG UHSOLFDWLRQ RI WKH $%6& PRGHO RI SHUVRQDOLW\ WUDLWV Personality Psychology in Europe 5, -RKQVRQ $ - 2VWHQGRUI ) &ODULÂżFDWLRQ RI WKH ÂżYH IDFWRU PRGHO ZLWK WKH DEULGJHG ELJ ÂżYH GLPHQVLRQDO FLUFXPSOH[ Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65 .OLQNRV] : ,QWHUSHUVRQDOQH 6NDOH 3U]\PLRWQLNRZH ,$6 5 3ROVNLH WĂĄX PDF]HQLH NZHVWLRQDULXV]D -HUUHJR 6 :LJJLQVD 3U]HJOÄ…G 3V\FKRORJLF]Q\ .OLQNRV] : 6ÄŠNRZVNL $ ,QZHQWDU] 1(2 L 8VWUXNWXUDOL]RZDQ\ :\ ZLDG GOD 3LÄŠFLRF]\QQLNRZHM 7HRULL 2VRERZRÄžFL Z SRUDGQLFWZLH ]DZRGRZ\P L SUDNW\FH NOLQLF]QHM : - 6LXWD UHG 'LDJQR]D RVRERZRÄžFL ,QZHQWDU] 1(2-PI-R w teorii i praktyce V :DUV]DZD 373 373 0F&UDH 5 7KH 3K\VLFV DQG &KHPLVWU\ RI 3HUVRQDOLW\ Theory Psychology, 19(5), 0F&UDH 5 &RVWD 3 2VRERZRĞß F]ĂĄRZLHND GRURVĂĄHJR .UDNyZ :\GDZ QLFWZR :$0 0F&UDH 5 =RQGHUPDQ $ &RVWD 3 %RQG 0 3DXQRQHQ 6 (YDOXDWLQJ UHSOLFDELOLW\ RI IDFWRUV LQ WKH 5HYLVHG 1(2 3HUVRQDOLW\ ,QYHQWRU\ &RQÂżUPDWRU\ IDFWRU DQDO\VLV YHUVXV 3URFUXVWHV URWDWLRQ Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(3),

:Ă 2'=,0,(5= 67586 -$1 &,(&,8&+ 720$6= 52:,Ä“6.,

> @

0XVHN - $ JHQHUDO IDFWRU RI SHUVRQDOLW\ (YLGHQFH RI WKH %LJ 2QH LQ WKH Âż YH IDFWRU PRGHO. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 2OHÄž 3 .RQWURZHUVMH ZRNyĂĄ Ă„:LHONLHM 3LÄ…WNL´ Czasopismo Psychologiczne, 6, 3HDERG\ ' *ROGEHUJ / 5 6RPH GHWHUPLQDQWV RI IDFWRU VWUXFWXUHV IURP SHUVRQDOLW\ WUDLW GHVFULSWRUV Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 5XVKWRQ - 3 %RQV 7 $ +XU < 0 7KH JHQHWLFV DQG HYROXWLRQ RI JHQHUDO IDFWRU RI SHUVRQDOLW\. Journal of Research in Personality, 42, 5XVKWRQ - 3 ,UYLQJ 3 7KH JHQHUDO IDFWRU RI SHUVRQDOLW\ LQ VHWV RI WKH %LJ )LYH WKH *XLOIRUG =LPPHUPDQ 7HPSHUDPHQW 6XUYH\ WKH &DOLIRUQLD 3V\FKRORJLFDO ,QYHQWRU\ DQG WKH 7HPSHUDPHQW DQG &KDUDFWHU ,QYHQWRU\. Personality and Individual Differences, 47, 5XVVHOO - $ $ FLUFXPSOH[ PRGHO RI DIIHFW Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 6DXFLHU * *ROGEHUJ / 5 $VVHVLQJ WKH %LJ )LYH $SSOLFDWLRQ RI SV\FKRPHWULF FULWHULD WR WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI PDUNHU VFDOHV V : % 'H 5DDG 0 3HUXJLQL UHG Big Five Assessment 6HDWWOH Âą 7RURQWR Âą %HUQ Âą *RWWLQJHQ +RJUHIH DQG +XEHU 3XEOLVKHUV 6LXWD - ,QZHQWDU] 2VRERZRÄžFL 1(2 3, 5 3DXOD 7 &RVW\ -U L 5REHUWD 5 0F&UDH $GDSWDFMD SROVND 3RGUÄŠF]QLN :DUV]DZD 373 373 6LXWD - UHG 'LDJQR]D RVRERZRÄžFL ,QZHQWDU] 1(2 3, 5 Z WHRULL L SUDNtyce :DUV]DZD 373 373 6LXWD - %HDXYDOH $ :LHOND 3LÄ…WND Âą SUREOHP JĂĄyZQLH VWDUH Roczniki Psychologiczne, 11, 6WUHODX - D Psychologia temperamentu. :DUV]DZD :1 3:1 6WUHODX - E 3V\FKRORJLD UyÄŞQLF LQG\ZLGXDOQ\FK :DUV]DZD :\GDZQLFWZR 1DXNRZH 6FKRODU 6WUHODX - 2VRERZRĞß MDNR ]HVSyĂĄ FHFK : - 6WUHODX UHG Psychologia. 3RGUÄŠF]QLN DNDGHPLFNL W V *GDÄ”VN *:3 6WUXV : &LHFLXFK - 5RZLÄ”VNL 7 3ROLVK YHUVLRQ RI WKH ,3,3 VFDOHV IRU PHDVXULQJ $EULGJHG %LJ )LYH 'LPHQVLRQDO &LUFXPSOH[ $% & 3ODNDW QD WK (XURSHDQ &RQIHUHQFH RQ 3V\FKRORJLFDO $VVHVVPHQW 5\JD Ă RWZD 9,,, Âą Âą ,; 6]DURWD 3 3ROVND /LVWD 3U]\PLRWQLNRZD 3/3 QDU]ÄŠG]LH GR GLDJQR]\ SLÄŠ FLX ZLHONLFK F]\QQLNyZ RVRERZRÄžFL Studia Psychologiczne, 33 6]DURWD 3 :LHOND 3LÄ…WND Âą VWDUH SUREOHP\ QRZH ZÄ…WSOLZRÄžFL Roczniki Psychologiczne, 11, 6]DURWD 3 $VKWRQ 0 /HH . 7D[RQRP\ DQG VWUXFWXUH RI WKH 3ROLVK SHUVRQDOLW\ OH[LFRQ European Journal of Personality, 21, 7UDSQHOO 3 ' :LJJLQV - 6 ([WHQVLRQ RI WKH ,QWHUSHUVRQDO $GMHFWLYH 6FDOHV WR LQFOXGH WKH %LJ )LYH GLPHQVLRQV RI SHUVRQDOLW\ Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59,

> @

.2Ă 2:< 02'(/ 6758.785< &(&+ 262%2:2Ä?&, : 8-ĉ&,8 /(:,6$ *2/'(%5*$

:DWVRQ ' &ODUN / $ 7HOOHJHQ $ 'HYHORSPHQW DQG YDOLGDWLRQ RI EULHI PHDVXUHV RI SRVLWLYH DQG QHJDWLYH DIIHFW 7KH 3$1$6 6FDOH Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 2, :LJJLQV - 6 $ SV\FKRORJLFDO WD[RQRP\ RI WUDLW GHVFULSWLYH WHUPV 7KH LQWHUSHUVRQDO GRPDLQ Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, :LJJLQV - 6 Interpersonal Adjective Scales. Professional manual. 2GHVVD )/ 3V\FKRORJLFDO $VVHVVPHQW 5HVRXUFHV <LN 0 $IIHFW DQG LQWHUSHUVRQDO EHKDYLRUV :KHUH GR WKH FLUFXPSOH[HV PHHW" Journal of Research in Personality, 44, <LN 0 5XVVHOO - $ %DUUHWW / ) 6WUXFWXUH RI VHOI UHSRUWHG FXUUHQW DIIHFW ,QWHJUDWLRQ DQG EH\RQG Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, =DZDG]NL % 6WDWXV FHFK :LHONLHM 3LÄ…WNL F]\ W\ONR HQGRJHQQH WHQGHQFMH ]DFKRZDQLD" Roczniki Psychologiczne, 11, =DZDG]NL % 6WUHODX - 6WUXFWXUH RI SHUVRQDOLW\ 6HDUFK IRU D JHQHUDO IDFWRU YLHZHG IURP D WHPSHUDPHQW SHUVSHFWLYH Personality and individual differences, 49(2), =DZDG]NL % 6WUHODX - 6]F]HSDQLDN 3 Ä?OLZLÄ”VND 0 Inwentarz OsoERZRÄžFL 1(2 )), &RVW\ L 0F&UDH $GDSWDFMD SROVND 3RGUÄŠF]QLN :DUV]DZD 373 373

Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.