EM Feb Issue 2022 by Icon Media Group

February 2022

Volume XI Issue VIII

THE NEW AGE & EQUIPMENT NEEDS TO IDENTIFY, ISOLATE AND ANALYZE INSIDE Automation Transformer Hydro Power

Union Budget 2022 Power Factor Correction Stamping & Lamination

Pages 104

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

February 2022

Pages 104

Volume XI Issue VIII

THE NEW AGE & EQUIPMENT NEEDS TO IDENTIFY, ISOLATE AND ANALYZE

EDITOR’S DESK

INSIDE Automation Transformer Hydro Power

Union Budget 2022 Power Factor Correction Stamping & Lamination

Dear Readers!

Editor

Ms. Alka Puri

Sub Editor

Roopal Chaurasia Shipranshu Pandey

Editorial Advisor

Priyanka Roy Chaudhary

Design & Production Pankaj Rawat Mukesh Kumar Sah

National Business Head

Subhash Chandra Email: s.chandra@electricalmirror.net

Business Head - West & South

Pradeep Kumar Email: pradeep.k@electricalmirror.net

Sr. Manager Sales

Neha Chauhan neha@electricalmirror.net

Business Development Manager Sunil R Shirsat sunil@electricalmirror.net

Sales & Marketing Hemant Chauhan Dinesh Kumar

Manager-Subscription

Praveen Kumar Email: subscribe@electricalmirror.net All rights reserved by all events are made to ensure that the information published is correct; Electrical Mirror holds no responsibility any unlikely errors that might occur. Printed, published and owned by Usha, Published from 13/455, Block No. 13, Trilok Puri, Delhi110091 and printed at Bright Tree, C-40, Gate No.-4, Okhla Industrial Area, Phase-II, New Delhi-110020. e-mail: brighttreesolutions@gmail.com Editor : Ms. Alka Puri

The power sector plays a crucial role in economic growth in a developing country like India. India’s ever-increasing demand for electricity is an indicator of growing market size and rising ambitions. Hence, government policies in this field have a large-scale impact ranging from a village household to a global conglomerate in India. Union finance minister Nirmala Sitharaman's Union Budget 2022-23 should focus more on accelerating initiatives and targeted policy changes to achieve the goal of 500 gigawatt renewable energy by 2030. A massive push for public mobility infrastructure, power distribution infrastructure and renewable capacity addition is required in the Budget, considering India's commitment to reduce carbon emissions. Industry demands more provisions are required to achieve the targets. Capital expenditure toward smart and clean infrastructure - including railways, power transmission and power grid upgradation - should be enhanced to create a multiplier effect in investments and create new employment opportunities to uplift the economy. Although India is making remarkable progress in meeting its ambitious renewable energy targets, the public e-mobility space leaves a lot of scope for charging infrastructure, as the country needs to add 400,000 stations by 2026 to meet India’s 2030 EV target. That is, adding more than 200 charging stations a day. This issue of Electrical Mirror is also touched upon important topics like Union Budget- 2022, testing & measuring, Power factor correction, Transformer, Stamping & Lamination, Automation and Hydro power. Hope you’ll enjoy reading this issue as always.

Happy Reading!!! Please give us your feedback at editor@electricalmirror.net For more details check out our website: www.electricalmirror.net and you can also visit our facebook page https://m.facebook.com/electricalmir/

Editor

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

INTERVIEW

Cover Story

The new age T&M equipment needs to identify, isolate and analyze

Mr. Sameer Gaikwad Regional Sales Director – India/South Asia

Union Budget 2022

Altanova India Pvt. Ltd.

Union Budget 2022: Enormous push to infrastructure spending

Union Budget Hitachi Energy 08 Goldi Solar 08 Tata Chemicals 08 Panasonic 09 HPL 09

Industry Focus: Power Factor Correction

Power Factor Correction: Comprehensive Analysis

Press Release ERDA 10 NTPC 12 BPE 12 ABB 14,25,26 Hitachi Energy 16 Tata Power 17,22,30,34 LowSoot 18 Cable & Wire Expo 21 Harting 24 PFC 28 HPL 29 Cercle X 32 Schneider Electric 33 Guest Article Teledyne Flir

VARIOUS CASE STUDIES ON OPERATION AND CONTROL SCHEMES FOR GRID SUB-STATION Contd…

Product Info K-lite 96 Advertisement

Event Diary

100

Industry Feature: Transformer

Electric grid, identifying the challenges and the opportunities that led us to create one of the nextgeneration technologies

Industry Theme: Stamping & Lamination

India are looking forward to making their setups as manufacturing base for supplying to other countries

Special Theme: Automation 94

Case Study of the Month

Future challenges & growth of automation in India

Special Focus: Hydro Power The hydro power segment has long been facing challenges that have hampered its growth

C Sameer Wagh - Cheif GM Commercial T +912137673200 E Sameer.wagh@meccalte.in

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Mecc Alte India Pvt. Ltd. Plot No.1, Talegaon Dhamdhere, S.O., Tal. Shirur, Dist. Pune - 412208, Maharashtra, India

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Budget Quotes

Quotes on budget Mr. N Venu, MD & CEO, India & South Asia Hitachi Energy “India delivered a pro-growth budget with a significant push to capital expenditure to boost the supply side and attract private investment. The government appears to have had its ears to the ground and covered a vast gamut of sectors in its four priority areas -- PM Gati Shakti, Inclusive Development, Climate Action, and Energy Transition. Intentions have been clear – steer India toward sustainable development with a strong focus on financial support to MSMEs and expansion of emerging sectors such as solar power, EV infrastructure, railways, data centers. Additional allocation of INR 19500cr for PLI scheme, development of new-gen trains over the next three years, INR 1400cr allocation for hydro and solar projects in FY23, rationalization of custom duties on select capital goods, wider coverage of single-window clearance for green projects will pave the way toward clean energy transition. Clear emphasis on technology and digitalization with due consideration to upskilling the youth and R&D to build back better are a big positive. While some important elements such as a new SEZ legislation, funding schemes for new metro rail systems and cleantech, urban planning to promote sustainable living, battery swapping policy appear to work in progress. the government has laid the blueprint for growth over the coming two-three decades. Unambiguous intent on achieving its COP26 ambitions through key proposals such as urban planning, energy efficiency, increased budget for PLI, distributed grids for remote villages, and finance to enable these through new climate finance services and categorizing grid-scale BESS as harmonized infra. Focus on standardized and efficient mass transport metro & rail will help normalize costs. The battery swapping and interoperability proposals for EVs are a way of triggering adoption, which will then create enough demand for technology evolution. MSME ratings will help calibrate the Indian supply chain to world-class. The climate-responsive budget also keeps consumers at the center - DISCOM options, skilling & employability, focus on R&D.”

Mr. Bharat Bhut cofounder & director, Goldi Solar “Budget 2022 has given indigenous manufacturers several reasons to cheer. Implementing 40% BCD on solar modules and the additional allocation of Rs 19,500 crore for PLI for solar PV module manufacturing will ensure the growth of the entire domestic manufacturing ecosystem. The application requirements should be tweaked to ensure that MSMEs also benefit from the scheme. All of these measures will result in a more robust domestic module supply, increased confidence in Indian solar modules and reduced reliance on imports while furthering our aim to achieve an Atmanirbhar Bharat. As a next step, the government needs to define measures to be taken in the R&D space to foster innovation and help companies stay ahead of the technology curve.” EM

Mr. Shohab Rais, Chief Operating Officer Indian Chemical Business, Tata Chemicals, “The government this year is very clear on its move towards enabling energy transition through provisions for boosting domestic manufacturing of solar power equipment and batteries, in line with India's larger global commitment of tackling climate change. The government’s major allocation is towards focusing on the growth of grid-connected energy storage and supporting incentives for green bonds. The budget is very well thought through in terms of enhancing domestic value addition by reducing customs duty on certain critical chemicals namely methanol, acetic acid, and heavy feedstocks for petroleum refining, while duty is being raised on sodium cyanide for which adequate domestic capacity exists. Also, PM Gatishakti and specifically, focus on waterways, ports, roads, and railways, coupled with the proposed unified logistics’ interface platform will help improve supply chain efficiency and reduce logistics’ costs across sectors”. EM 8

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Mr. Dinesh Aggarwal Joint Managing Director Panasonic Life Solutions India After the 2nd wave affected the retail sector in the first quarter, the recovery for us was much faster. Real estate developers had ensured functioning labour to avoid shutting down of construction and restraining a mass exodus. As global economies were getting affected, India was still strong and there was a bounce back in the market despite the underlying situation. However, with the unprecedented increase in the price of metals, plastic raw material, paper and transportation, the overall growth was hit. This was compounded by the disruption of supplies especially for electronic components due to container shortage and disruption of shipping lines. This has already reflected in the form of inflation across all product categories that we cover, essentials and discretionary items. Amidst the ongoing 3rd wave of the pandemic, the upcoming union budget 2022-23 is expected to play a pivotal role in countering inflation and galvanizing demand, especially for private consumption. The long-term intent of the Government towards the infrastructure sector with the committed investments and special focus on manufacturing will get further highlighted and accelerated through the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) schemes. This is a significant step towards making India a global manufacturing hub. There is thus a need for incentivizing modernization and innovation so that the industry across the infrastructure, manufacturing and agricultural sectors will have the scope to be more competitive and gain scales of their economy. This will further align with the objectives of Atmanirbhar Bharat. There is an expectancy of the Budget to cover private public partnership, which will encourage the use of the existing physical infrastructure of the Government across India and accelerate skills as well. This can be in the form of income tax benefit or specific grants by the Government. Some areas where the continuation of work is expected includes the optimization of GST rates; FDI inflow in all sectors including the construction sector; boosting exports and prompting ‘made in India’ globally; encouraging affordable housing and supporting real estate developers through priority lending and liquidity boosting measures. These efforts will help in stimulating our economy. With India committed to reduction in carbon footprint, reiterated by honorable Prime Minister in opening address at the WEF, Davos this year; a further impetus to manufacturing of electric vehicles and establishment of charging infrastructure is expected. This maybe supported with a policy announcement on generation and distribution of renewable energy across India overcoming state-wise barriers. We are optimistic about the Union Budget 2022-23, which we believe will support a consistent GDP growth of over 8%, despite the challenge of pandemic. EM

Mr. Gautam Seth Joint Managing Director HPL Electric & Power Ltd. It is a growth oriented and forward looking Budget. The ambitious goal of 280 GW of installed solar capacity by 2030 has been set with an additional allocation of 19,500 crores for manufacturing solar PV modules, in the power and energy sector I believe the Budget 22 will increase the growth and will help in ramping up domestic capacity. This is a highly sustainable and green energy choice. The government’s concern towards standardising the domestic manufacturing of electronic smart meters, wearable devices and hearable devices is a boon for India to become an electrical manufacturing hub. The proposal of surety bonds as a substitute for bank guarantee is highly welcomed. Furthermore, Rs. 48,000 crores are allocated for 80 lakh houses to be completed both in rural and urban areas which is a huge step towards the upliftment of the society. EM

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Press Release

ERDA receives prestigious contract from IntelliSmart (Govt. of India) for evaluation of Smart Meters in India

The Government of India plans to install 25 crore smart meters in the next few years. With the replacement of 25 crore conventional meters with smart meters, billing efficiency can improve from 80 percent to 100 percent, and has the potential to increase DISCOM revenues by INR 1,104 billion. IntelliSmart Infrastructure Private Limited or “IntelliSmart”, a JV company of EESL (Energy Efficiency Services Limited, a Joint venture of PSUs of Ministry of Power, Government of India) along with NIIF (National Investment and Infrastructure Fund, a Government of India, sovereign fund) is established with the focus to implement, finance, and operate the smart meter roll-out program of power distribution companies. With focus on expediting the deployment of smart meters across the country and to ensure performance as well as quality, IntelliSmart has entered into a rate contract for testing of smart meters with Electrical Research and Development Association (ERDA).

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ERDA’s Smart Meter testing facility is accredited by NABL and BIS. In fact, ERDA was the first laboratory in India to get Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) accreditation for Smart Meter testing as per IS 16444: 2015. ERDA is having Communication Protocol verification facility as per IS 15959 using CTT 3.1 extended edition from DLMS user association and Meter explorer software tool. ERDA is also recognized as one of the designated laboratories for testing of Smart meters with IEC 62056 communication protocols by Ministry of Power, Govt. of India. ERDA is having its own in-house EMI/EMC testing facility required for Smart Meter testing. ERDA presently meets around 50% of all India Smart Meter Testing requirement. With this prestigious contract and other testing assignment from utilities across India, ERDA is committed to build trust of people of Indian electricity comsumers by ensuring excellent quality Smart Meters in the Indian power distribution sector. EM

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Press Release

Best Power Equipments Appoints Munesh Nanik Shahdadpuri to expand International business market

Press Release

Munesh Nanik Shahdadpuri India’s leading power manufacturing brand, Best Power Equipments (India) Private Limited has appointed Munesh Nanik Shahdadpuri as Senior Sales Engineer & Marketing, BPE Indonesia. As a part of BPE’s end-to-end strategic power solutions business in Eastern Asia Pacific and Munesh will be focusing on scaling the operations and will play an active role in boosting the brand’s image with focus on corporates around potential markets of Indonesia, Malaysia and other South-East Asian countries. His experience includes working around the power manufacturing industries for over 15+ years in Indonesia. His past achievements

Power Minister flags off four ALS ambulances to IGIMS, Patna under NTPC’s CSR

Shri R.K. Singh, Union Minister of Power, New & Renewable Energy, flagged off four high-tech ambulances, under NTPC’s CSR grant to Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Patna today. The keys were handed over to Dr Manish Mandal, the medical superintendent of IGIMS in a function organised in IGIMS administrative office complex where Union Minister of Power, Shri Singh joined through virtual mode from Delhi whereas Energy Minister, Bihar Shri Bijendra Prasad Yadav and Health Minister, Bihar Shri Mangal Pandey were physically present. Speaking on the occasion, Shri R.K Singh said that handing over of the four ALS ambulances to IGIMS, Patna by NTPC reflects the best in the CSR and we are continuously and proactively supporting the state of Bihar. 12

in the field of sales make Munesh an accomplished, results-driven sales engineer & marketing head. Throughout his illustrious career, he has led various large and critical change management processes for various groups he worked with. Speaking about the on-boarding, AmitansuSatpathy, Managing Director, Best Power Equipments said, “We are very pleased to welcome Munesh& look forward to working with him to spread our footprint further in International market.” He further added that Munesh’s experience around the industry will be adding a lot of value to our organization. EM

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Shri Singh said 10 ambulances have already been provided to IGIMS, Patna and on the request of Bihar government he assured two more ambulances will be provided which would be a total of 16 ambulances for IGIMS, Patna. Congratulating the efforts of NTPC and state health department in strengthening the health sector in the state, he said this is the work for progress and wellbeing of the people of the state and such efforts will continue in the future also. The state-of-the-art ambulances, provided at a cost of 80 lakh, are fitted with Advance Life Support (ALS) facilities. NTPC has sanctioned four ambulances with ALS facility to IGIMS, Patna. Medical equipment in the Ambulance include auto loading stretcher, wheel chair cum stair chair, transport ventilator, syringe infusion pump, multi parameter monitor, vacuum splint, portable oxygen cylinder with regulator, emergency kits, rescue tools etc . Energy Minister ,Bihar Shri Bijendra Prasad Yadav and Health Minister, Bihar, Shri Mangal Pandey also addressed the gathering and lauded the efforts of NTPC for providing medical infrastructural support to the State. Shri Gurdeep Singh,CMD NTPC ,Shri Pratyaya Amrit, Additional Chief Secretary, Health Bihar, Shri Dillip Kumar Patel, Director (HR), NTPC, Shri Vijai Singh ,Regional Executive Director,(East-1), NTPC, Dr N.R. Biswas, Director, IGIMS, Patna along with officials of NTPC, Energy department of Bihar and IGIMS Patna were also present on the occasion. EM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Press Release

ABB India turns its Nelamangala Campus

‘water positive’

Press Release

• Total annual rainwater harvesting potential of more than 200 million liters • The campus has achieved close to 85% water recyclability • Water positivity index is 1.24

ABB India today announced that its Nelamangala unit has received a ‘Water Positive’ certification from The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI). In place of simply replacing the amount of water taken from the environment, the unit implemented an Innovative 6R approach towards ‘Water Positivity’ to replenish more water than it consumes at the location. The unique 6R approach includes initiatives such as rainwater use and recharge, reduction in the use of freshwater, water recycling, and real-time monitoring of water consumption, recharge, and saving. The Nelamangala unit currently has 17 rainwater recharge wells, 2 recharge ponds along with 5 cross wave technology-based recharge tanks. ABB products such as water flow meters were installed in the rainwater recharge system to capture real-time data. To reduce consumption of water, ABB India installed water-efficient fixtures, restricted the use of turf in the landscape area, and planted drought-tolerant plants in 81 percent of the landscape area. The unit has provisions of rainwater tanks for rooftop runoff along with TERI-approved filtration to get suitable water for a variety of end-uses. The campus has achieved close to 85 percent of water recyclability with the help of efficient Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) and recycling the treated wastewater for use in gardening and washrooms. The water positivity index for Nelamangala plant is 1.24, which demonstrates our contribution towards replenishing much greater quantity of water for the environment than withdrawals for our operation. The index also shows our enhanced dependency on secondary water sources such as treated wastewater, rainwater, etc. and lesser dependency on groundwater sources for our operation. “At ABB, ‘sustainability in practice’ is at the core of everything we do. It is a key part of our company’s purpose and of the value that we create for our customers, employees, and all our stakeholders. Our Nelamangala unit turning ‘Water Positive’ is a step towards continued resource conservation, in line with our 2030 global sustainability commitments. We are committed to implementing various other similar environment-friendly measures across our ABB India locations to bring about a sustainable change,” said Sanjeev Sharma, Country Head and Managing Director, ABB India. “In times of a severe water crisis in India, I am pleased to acknowledge that TERI has awarded India’s first water positivity certificate to ABB India, for one of their six factories in the country. I look forward to witnessing more partnerships in the sector and development of innovative solutions to manage and monitor natural resources on

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Earth,” added Sanjay Seth, Senior Director - Sustainable Habitat Programme, TERI, & CEO, GRIHA Council. ABB’s Nelamangala unit, comprising of nearly 1500 employees, houses a state-of-the-art robotics facility spread over 3600 sq mt that delivers robotic applications and digital solutions for a variety of Indian industries. The Nelamangala unit also houses one of the first smart factories in Bangalore to produce ABB’s entire range of smart power products. ABB India’s water management initiatives at the unit were vetted by renowned external organizations such as GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment) Council, Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) along with The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI). Assessment parameters included water monitoring system & KPI management, rainwater recharge and usage, water reduction initiatives, wastewater treatment and recycling system, and impact on the community. ABB India currently recycles almost 95 percent of the waste generated across all their facilities within their premises to achieve long-term sustainability goals of zero waste to landfill. They have also enhanced the water recyclability by 4 percent in 2021 as compared to the year 2020 which resulted in reduction of freshwater withdrawal and overall water footprint of the company. ABB (ABBN: SIX Swiss Ex) is a leading global technology company that energizes the transformation of society and industry to achieve a more productive, sustainable future. By connecting software to its electrification, robotics, automation and motion portfolio, ABB pushes the boundaries of technology to drive performance to new levels. With a history of excellence stretching back more than 130 years, ABB’s success is driven by about 105,000 talented employees in over 100 countries. www.abb.com. EM

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Press Release

Hitachi Energy India: Tracing a stable recovery to pre-pandemic levels • • • • • •

Utilities and transport sector drive orders up 12.7% YoY at INR 931.0 cr Revenue rises 8.9% YoY to INR 1,137.6 cr, indicating recovery getting entrenched PAT continues to rise, up 12.1% YoY at INR 61.7 cr Company name changes to Hitachi Energy India Limited from ABB Power Products and Systems India Limited Financial year changed to March ending 100% fossil-free electricity achieved in own operations

Press Release

Hitachi Energy India Ltd. announces its fourth-quarter results for 2021.

(INR crore)

Q4 2021

Q4 2020

Q3 2021

Orders

931

826

979

Revenue

1,137.6

1,043.7

850.6

PBT (before exceptional item)

47.5

46.1

47.2

PBT (after exceptional item)

83.4

75.6

47.2

PBT % before exceptional item

4.2%

4.4%

5.5%

PBT % after exceptional item

7.3%

7.2%

5.5%

PAT

61.7

34.3

PAT %

5.4%

5.3

4.0%

Op EBITA

89.5

65.9

55.6

Op EBITA %

7.9%

6.3%

6.5%

**The company evaluates the profitability based on Operational EBITA. Operational EBITA represents income from operations excluding: (i) amortization expense on intangibles, (ii) restructuring and restructuring-related expenses, (iii) non-operational pension cost, (iv) gains and losses from sale of businesses, acquisitionrelated expenses and certain non-operational items, as well as (v) foreign exchange/commodity timing differences in income from operations consisting of: (a) unrealized gains and losses on derivatives (foreign exchange, commodities, embedded derivatives), (b) unrealized foreign exchange movements on receivables/payables (and related assets/liabilities). “Green shoots of economic recovery have materialized into a good quarter for business thanks to the continued shift to electrification in India and globally toward a carbon-neutral future,” said N Venu, Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer, Hitachi Energy India Ltd. He continued, “We experienced solid demand from the renewables and rail sectors. And with the government’s aim to increase the share of renewables in the energy mix to 50 percent by 2030, the market outlook is encouraging. In the short-term there could be some delays in orders due to ongoing pandemic challenges, however our long-term growth prospects remain intact.”

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Orders

In the quarter ending December 31, we received orders worth INR 931.0 crore, up 12.7 percent YoY, driven by the utilities and the transportation sectors. The Company won major orders from leading power players toward solar and wind projects as well as toward Indian Railways’ electrification. Furthermore, Hitachi Energy was awarded a project to set up a central command unit called ‘Remote Operations and Nerve Centre’ for India’s largest private transmission company to monitor and control their power substations in Rajasthan. In Services, Hitachi Energy received a remote and on-site service and maintenance order from a steel major for their electrical devices, while our consultancy business drew demand for renewable studies from India and around the world. We also signed an agreement with Tata Power Delhi Distribution Limited to nurture talent pool in power distribution sector through training programs. Exports continued to lift orders, contributing approximately 25 percent to the order book in the December quarter, with an increased contribution from our feeder factories. Solid demand came from key utilities in South Asia and South America for our high voltage products and grid integration projects. As of December 31, 2021, order backlog stood at INR 4,733.6 crore, which is expected to unlock revenue streams in the coming months.

Revenue

Revenue rose nine percent YoY reaching INR 1,137.6 crore, recovering to pre-pandemic levels, on rising demand for electrification across market sector as well as steady focus on high-growth segments and relentless execution. The Company continued to strengthen its position in the data center market and commissioned several projects for leading players. Digitalization of processes to overcome pandemic-induced mobility challenges brought in numerous projects using remote factory acceptance tests as well as remote commissioning orders of high-voltage solutions for heavy industries in Abu Dhabi. The Company also advanced the use of its TXpertTM Dry solution, the world’s first digital dry-type transformer, as well as TXploreTM – ||www.electricalmirror.net||

robotic inspection of power equipment for diverse projects. Our game-changing solution, IdentiQ™ digital twin for sustainable, flexible and secure power grids, was also introduced this quarter.

Operations

Supply chain disruptions emanating from port delays weighed on process timelines. This, coupled with increased commodity and freight costs, put pressure on margin. We had to be selective in our contracts and revisit long-term agreements with customers and suppliers. The health and safety of people remained our top priority and so did efforts in advancing a sustainable energy future for all. To lend our support to COVID-19 relief measures, Hitachi Energy facilitated the provision of a neonatal intensive care unit and state-of-the-art medical equipment for community health centers in Gujarat. Toward our Environment, Social and Governance commitment, we switched to 100 percent fossil-free electricity in operations and even won

prestigious industry awards and recognition in occupational health and safety. Following the rebranding of the parent company to Hitachi Energy, operations in India changed its name to ‘Hitachi Energy India Limited’ from ABB Power Products and Systems India Limited effective November 12, 2022. In addition, the Company also secured approval to change its financial year to March year-ending from the January-December reporting period followed earlier.

Profit

Profit before tax (after accounting for a one-time reimbursement of reorganization expenses) was INR 83.4 crore, up 10.3 percent YoY, and despite high commodity and freight prices, as well as other supply challenges, profit after tax was up 12.2 percent YoY to INR 61.7 crore, driven by our unwavering efforts at improving efficiencies. Operational EBITA stood at INR 89.5 crore in the December quarter, with EBITA margin at 7.9 percent. RM

Tata Power partners with Apollo Tyres to deploy EV charging stations at its Commercial & Passenger Vehicle Zones across India The move marks the two companies' commitment to accelerate the transition to electric vehicles With their commitment towards Green Mobility and to #DoGreen, Tata Power, one of India's largest integrated power companies, and Apollo Tyres Ltd, the leading tyre manufacturer in India, have announced a strategic partnership for the deployment of public charging stations across India. These charging stations will be deployed at Apollo Tyres’ Commercial and Passenger Vehicle Zones spread across the country. Tata Power has a presence across all the segments of the EV charging ecosystem and has deployed all types of chargers – DC 001, AC, Type2, Fast DC chargers up to 50kwh and up to 240kwh chargers for buses based on location. This classification of chargers will support EV charging for two-wheelers & four-wheelers, respectively. As per the agreement between Apollo Tyres and Tata Power, the latter will set up Charging Stations at 150 branded retail outlets – CV and PV Zones – of Apollo Tyres initially. In addition to the customers visiting these tyre retail outlets, the charging stations would also be open for use by the general public as well, throughout the year. Dr. Praveer Sinha, CEO and MD of Tata Power, stated, "We are glad to partner with Apollo Tyres for the deployment of EV charging stations across their commercial & passenger vehicle zones. This partnership reflects our commitment to developing and expanding the electric vehicle ecosystem in the country." Commenting on this move, Satish Sharma, President, Asia Pacific, Middle East & Africa, Apollo Tyres Ltd said, “This is another of the several first moves that we have taken in the tyre and ||www.electricalmirror.net||

auto component space in India. The setting up of EV Charging Infrastructure at our business partner’s premises strengthens our resolve towards promoting green mobility in the country. With Tata Powers’ huge service network, we are assured of the availability of uninterrupted charging infrastructure across locations.” Tata Power has deployed an extensive EV charging infrastructure with over 1000+ EV charging points across 200 different cities under the EZ Charge brand along with a digital platform to facilitate an easy and smooth customer experience. This network of public EV charging stations provides innovative and seamless EV charging experiences for customers across offices, malls, hotels, retail outlets, and places of public access, enabling clean mobility and freedom from range anxiety. Tata Power EZ Chargers’ ecosystem covers the entire value chain of Public chargers, Captive chargers, Bus/ Fleet chargers, and Home chargers. Tata Power has also developed a robust software platform for customers of EV charging and has released a mobile-based application (Tata Power EZ Charge) to give its consumers a simple and easy charging experience. The app helps in locating EV charging stations, charging EVs, and making bill payments online, making it one of its kind. The development and availability of EV charging infrastructure is key requirement for the rapid adoption of electric mobility in India. The Tata Power-Apollo Tyres partnership will play a strong role in encouraging EV owners to charge their EVs across various locations. EM || February 2022 ||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Press Release

Sachin Sengar Founder & CEO Lowsoot

Becoming a Net Zero Company Means More Profit - Here's How!

Press Release

Sustainability refers to the business programs, products, and practices built around environmental and social considerations that are often seen as a luxury investment. Sustainability initiatives can help to create profits and business opportunities. This sudden and rapid transition to achieve net-zero carbon emission is such a formidable task that companies often assume, it is impossible to achieve while maintaining their profit margins. The companies and startups need to focus on short-term solutions such as they offload emissions onto others by divesting high-carbon emitting businesses. It helps different organizations to start off by focusing on here-and-now emissions reductions. The one thing that helps to achieve this mission is to shift to solar energy and switching to renewable-sourced electricity is a good way to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. We need to redesign the business models to reduce emissions in such a way that it can be achievable yet profitable. The idea of corporate sustainability has become part of the mainstream business discourse in the past 20 years. Recently, a report by the UN Global Compact suggests that 84 percent of the 1,000 global CEOs surveyed agreed that businesses should lead efforts to define and deliver new goals on global priority issues. Achieving net-zero sustainability is usually based on the corporate agenda, there are often problems with execution, even in the most committed companies. To deliver real strategic opportunities, industry players should consider applying four organizational practices. It is attached to performance management but they are not often used to address sustainability challenges. Try to reduce the carbon emissions across the whole value chain - For many businesses, most emissions – and the potential 18

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for climate action. These factors are not controlled by the reporting organization, but also contribute indirectly to the company's value chain. Reducing Carbon emissions successfully and achieving a net-zero mission, companies have to take action on various scopes: Find out and tackle the root causes - The places where the big emissions happen are often not the most effective places for action. We need to build a mechanism to track emissions to find their root causes, either within their own business or along the value chain. Reduces emissions through fleet electrification and routing optimization. It helps to get better information and control to the people receiving deliveries, so that they can anticipate and redirect a delivery, reducing the number of delivery attempts. Tech startups and companies in this field need to measure power efficiency down to the code level in their AI and Cloud deployments and work with chip manufacturers to reduce energy consumption in the use of their products. Not defund high-carbon business - Investors are often tempted to increase their portfolio of low-carbon activities by simply rebalancing their allocation of capital. To incentivize reduction is to invest in activities that currently cause high carbon emissions is the more effective approach when it comes to while setting out a clear and urgent pathway to change. Net-Zero carbon emissions mission requires more than $100 trillion investment the transition will require, 70-80 percent needs to go into some of the hardest-to-abate sectors. It requires a sudden shift from demanding divestment to demanding a managed transition of high-carbon businesses. Many organizations and banks are ready to lend to fossil fuel companies with the view ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Press Release

that they will transition with their clients, and that transition will require capital. It helps to develop the credibility of these initiatives that the path of change delivers the pace and scale required by science. Big giant industry players and startups fail to recognize that sustainable production can be less expensive. We need to change the lowering costs, taking a leap of faith. They need to make more early investments in more-costly materials and methods that will guide them to greater savings down the road. They also need to focus not on reducing the cost of each part but on increasing the efficiency of the system as a whole. Take the Low key technology path, unlike western companies, which often try to mitigate the environmental damage done by their operations through costly retrofits or by underwriting the development of breakthrough technologies, many companies in emerging markets start small. Businesses can expand conservation efforts to other parts of their operations with low-cost moves reap larger and larger returns. Savings contribute to funding purchases of expensive technologies and R&D initiatives that many Western companies might have started with. Focus on taking a wider View - Impressive as the cost efficiencies are, more intriguing is the growth that companies in emerging markets have gained by extending their sustainability efforts to the operations of their customers. Boosting customers’ buying power requires building unique business models and, in the process, creating interdependencies that are difficult for competitors to copy.

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Industry leaders should make a change to their business models to answer to major discontinuities, such as higher naturalresource prices or changes in demand, that create material risks to the business—or opportunities. Initial investments are more expensive methods of sustainable operation that lead to dramatically lower costs and higher yields. We are required to take a bootstrap approach to conservation: They should start with small changes to their processes that generate substantial cost savings, which they can fund advanced technologies that make production even more efficient. The crucial sustainability efforts are taken by industry leaders to the operations of the customers and suppliers, in the process devising new business models that competitors find hard to emulate. To reduce a company’s carbon footprint, the best ways will not always lead to net-zero. To grow furthermore and achieve the aim of a net-zero carbon emission task, companies need to engineer emissions out of their entire business system, including their supply chain and customers’ use of their products. It also offers a process to scope out product innovations that use fewer resources or that meet specific social needs. To increase profits and reduce the cost of production, companies can follow redesigning products and services. The focus on the following sustainability can also lead to opportunities for process innovations. Due to the cross-functional nature, sustainability brings different divisions together and provides a common motivation. EM

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Cable & Wire Fair Postponed to May 2022 India's most illustrious trade exhibition for wire and cable industry has been postponed from March 2022 to 18th to 20th May 2022 to make it convenient for all the stakeholders.

Meanwhile, the wire and cable market is expected to be driven by various factors such as the ‘Saubhagya’ scheme introduced for rural electrification, the growth in renewable energy due to climate change commitments at COP26 and the rollout of 5G and 6G technology. Apart from expansion and revamping of transmission and distribution infrastructure under Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY), the government is also planning to invest significantly in railways, roadways, highways and metro projects. It has announced its plans to operationalise 100 ||www.electricalmirror.net||

airports, under UDAN scheme and kick off bullet train projects in 2022-23. The Union Budget 2022-23 announced a 35.4 percent increase in CAPEX to INR 7.5 lakh crores for FY23 which will be a huge boost for the economy.

Press Release

The 4th edition of Cable & Wire Fair has been rescheduled to 18, 19 and 20 May 2022 due to the current situation surrounding COVID-19. Cable & Wire Fair 2022 was originally planned for 1, 2 and 3 March. With the postponement of the Fair, the probability of a larger audience both nationally and internationally increases, which benefits everyone. The industry is desperately waiting for a networking platform and CWF is all set to give the industry the much-needed impetus promising a larger show.

Under ‘Make in India’ initiative, many mobile and electrical appliance companies are looking to make India a hub for manufacturing and innovation. The electric vehicle industry is picking pace which calls for new manufacturing facilities, and improved charging infrastructure. Real estate players are gearing up for developing projects with the dipping home loan rates. All these interesting developments are expected to give the much-required boost to the wire and cable market where Industry 4.0 would play the role of catalyst. Cable & Wire Fair 2022 is all geared up to provide the environment to make real business happen by providing the right platform. Like the previous edition, the 2022 fair will include Innovation Pavilion, Technical Conference and CEO Conclave. EM

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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SBI launches ‘Surya Shakti Cell’;

partners with Tata Power for financing Solar projects

Press Release

• Set-up in Mumbai, this centralized cell will process loan applications for Solar Projects sourced across India by Tata Power Solar Systems Ltd. • The Surya Shakti Cell was inaugurated by Shri Dinesh Khara, Chairman, SBI in the presence of Dr. Praveer Sinha, CEO& MD, Tata Power

With an aim to strengthen the existing financing arrangement for solar power projects, the country’s largest lender State Bank of India (SBI) has launched a dedicated centralized processing cell - ‘Surya Shakti Cell’. The Bank has entered into an Agreement with Tata Power Solar Systems Ltd. (a Tata Power Company) for financing solar projects. Set-up in the Ballard Estate in Mumbai, the Surya Shakti Cell will process all the loan applications for Solar Projects (capacity up to 1 MW) sourced from across India, for installation by business entities as well as households. The Surya Shakti Cell was inaugurated by Shri Dinesh Khara, Chairman, SBI in the presence of Dr. Praveer Sinha, CEO & MD, Tata Power Company Ltd. The Bank aims to provide an end-to-end platform for digital and hassle-free journey to the loan applicants for financing Solar projects. With this digital initiative, SBI will offer a complete solution at competitive rates for Solar projects. Besides this, the entire eco system has been thoughtfully set up to ensure that the customers get all necessary support and guidance to choose the right equipment, resolve technical issues at their door steps and get expeditious approvals of their loans at competitive rates.

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Shri Dinesh Khara, Chairman, SBI said, “We are delighted to launch the Surya Shakti Cell with an objective to provide a new direction to solar projects financing in India. We are very happy to partner with Tata Power Solar Systems Ltd. in this initiative, which is in line with the global objectives of the COP26 Agreement in reducing the carbon footprint. We believe, with sustainable solar power, we can solve the prevailing challenges related to use of conventional energy as well as climate change. Initiatives like these will also help build local economies and enable the country to move towards a secure energy future. We, at SBI, are strong proponents of renewable energy and are committed towards reducing carbon footprint in the country.” Dr. Praveer Sinha, CEO & MD, Tata Power said, “We are pleased to partner with SBI in its Surya Shakti Cell initiative which is a testament to our commitment to making sustainable energy products and services more affordable and accessible to our customers. This first of its kind association will aid us in our #DoGreen mission by encouraging our customers to embrace solar energy solutions and join us in co-creating a greener future." EM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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HARTING Industrial Ethernet Switches: Visions for IIoT and sensor to cloud

Press Release

Automation experts and thought leaders discuss Ethernet on the course to IIoT

We will be welcoming guests from the following companies: - KUKA - B&R - SICK - Analog Devices - Würth Elektronik eiSosGmbH & Co. KG - SPE Industrial Partner Network - Erium

The HARTING Technology Group will be inviting customers and industry experts to the Industrial Ethernet Week - a week packed with talks and information on the topic of Ethernet communication in factory automation. Current and future solutions that are ready to spring into action enabling the IIoT will be highlighted. HARTING experts will dialogue with numerous guests from the industrial sector about which IIoT applications users will need to have on their radar screens. The HARTING Industrial Ethernet Week is geared to imparting knowledge, inspiring and showing up solutions for the ongoing industrial transformation. Be sure to join and learn more about Ethernet topics such as the right connectivity, Sensor2cloud, SPE and Artificial Intelligence. For three days experts from the automation industry will be addressing all of the Ethernet relevant topics, including questions such as which systems are in use today and which technologies will be necessary to realise IIoT applications?

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Excerpts from our agenda: Tuesday is dedicated to new technologies. How will Ethernet develop in the future as a communication medium for industrial automation and what new technologies will be needed to meet the greater challenges for new applications? What role will artificial intelligence play? What potentials do SPE, OPC UA and TSN open up for a seamless connection from sensors to the cloud? Wednesday will focus on the following question: How will the design of devices change? Advancing miniaturisation and increased demands on the data processing of individual IIoT protagonists will call for new approaches in the design-in process. At the same time, the necessary infrastructure for new tasks must also be available. We take a look at compact, space-saving connectivity and SPE as a new physical layer and how it can be integrated into new device generations. In wrapping things up, we will address the issues as to what effects will the preceding questions have on installation technology? The last day is dedicated to the installation world. There will be no IIoT without the right connections. Here, the discussions focus on gaining an overview of the right interfaces that are suitable for each and every application. From familiar solutions to new, resource saving connections that actively support miniaturisation. EM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

ABB completes remote commissioning of new actuator for ITC Paperboards and Specialty Papers • The company, which is among the country’s most technologically advanced and eco-friendly paper businesses, has upgraded to ABB’s Slice xP (II) Profiler system, a new actuator for slice lip weight control • ABB India’s Pulp & Paper Quality Control Systems (QCS) team completed remote commissioning as part of a modernization project at the mill in West Bengal state • Switch to the latest system enhances reliability and accuracy, with the fastest possible recovery from grade changes and process upsets

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to be proac-tive with our upgrade strategy. The team’s ability to deliver remotely was critical in achieving our modernization goals to schedule.” “This has been a significant advancement of remote commissioning for ABB, made possible by the team’s strong domain expertise. Despite several challenges related to health and safety, logistics, and the fact it was the first time we’ve had to commission such a system in India using remote support, we are pleased that the entire pro-cess went smoothly and without any issues,” said Rajmohan Arumugam, Engineering Manager – QMS, ABB. “The upgrade will help ITC to improve quality and reliability over the actuator’s lifecycle to ensure on-spec paper at the lowest cost.” The Weight xP actuator family is an integral part of the ABB Ability™ Quality Management System, which is based on the ABB Ability™ System 800xA distributed control system (DCS). It has a more precise non-contacting sensor that does not lose position even after power loss and the state-of-the-art patented Measurement Fusion Tech-niques – to model the position of the actuator in software and compare this against the position measured by the physical sensor and provide real-time diagnostics performed when the actuator is in motion. The latest actuators are even more accurate, representing the most progressive solution in the field. A removable service module also allows for rapid actuator replacement with no impact on slice lip alignment or profile disturbance. ABB has an unmatched history of providing superior linear and radial actuator technology. ABB pioneered step-per control of headbox slice spindles in 1985. Since then, close to a thousand headboxes have used ABB actua-tors and controls to produce CD weight profiles with consistently low variability. EM || February 2022 ||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Press Release

ABB has successfully completed the installation and remote commissioning of the new Slice xP (II) Profiler sys-tem, a new actuator for slice lip weight control, at ITC Limited’s Tribeni mill in West Bengal, India. The project, managed by the specialist Quality Control Systems (QCS) team at ABB India, included the replace-ment of ABB’s existing cross-direction (CD) weight control system (Slice Profiler) with the latest Slice xP (II) Profiler under product phase out notification. The Slice xP (II) is ABB’s latest actuator technology for slice lip weight control head boxes and falls within the weight extended profiling (xP) family designed to meet exacting specifications that exceed process requirements. As a result of the upgrade to Slice xP, which is easy to install and maintain, ITC will benefit from reduced CD pro-file variability and advanced diagnostics through the built-in monitoring of each actuator. Its high-speed, non-contact positioning sensors ensure precision even after a power loss. This enables mills to achieve a fast recov-ery from grade changes and process upsets. ITC’s Tribeni mill has produced a diverse range of industrial and fine papers for more than 50 years, with pro-duction capacity standing at 50,000 tons per annum. As well as having all relevant ISO accreditations for quality management, environmental standards and health and safety, ITC is Forest Stewardship Council® - Chain of Custody certified; it uses responsibly produced raw materials including timber sourced from sustainably man-aged forests. “The move from a phase out product to a new product not only improves our reliability and achieves higher maintenance, but it also reduces our risk of breakdown and therefore inventory costs,” said Biplab Bhattacharya, Head of Electrical & Instrumentation ITC Limited. “ABB’s well-considered lifecycle policy enabled us

Press Release

Strong growth in Q4 2021 supports solid CY 2021 performance

Press Release

ABB India Limited CY2021 and Q4 CY2021 results

Q4 2021 HIGHLIGHTS • Orders grew 53% across products, solution, and services portfolio • Revenue up 24% across all business lines • Remarkable 211% Y-o-Y growth in profit after tax • Board of Directors approval for divestment of Turbocharger business, follow-through actions on track 2021 HIGHLIGHTS • Full year orders grew by 29%, revenue by 19% and PAT by 131% • Resilient and diversified business model supports performance • “Sustainability in practice” - significant milestones in LEED certifying manufacturing campuses, deploying energy efficient technology, turning water positive and elimination of single use plastics • 98% of employee, immediate family and partner eco-system vaccinated • Strong cash position at the end of 2021 • Board recommends full-year dividend of 260% “2021 was a year that demonstrated our resilience. Our performance across all key parameters was excellent across majority of business divisions. Customer support, the team’s dedication and ABB’s agile business model helped overcome pandemic and global supply chain challenges in the first half. Business fundamentals further improved over the second half of the year. ABB Team in India has developed a robust order & cash position aided by strategic product mix aligned with growth market segments helped improve margins and bottom-line

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significantly,” said Sanjeev Sharma, Managing Director, ABB India. “Each of our business division has developed a well-defined growth glide-path and same is well supported by the company‘s strong cash position. The year has also witnessed a strong momentum in our sustainability-in-practice journey in green infrastructure, which we will continue to expand and amplify,” he added.

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Orders ABB India posted on of the biggest growth in orders in recent years. The full year order received surged to INR 7,666 crore while for the quarter it was at a high of INR 2,243 crore. During the quarter, Process Automation business area witnessed good order inflows across all divisions. Traction in steel and paint industry and downstream units pushed the orders to INR 770 crore up by 175 percent compared to Q4 2020. Motion and Electrification business areas both posted healthy double digit growth Y-on-Y supported by strong contribution from smart power, channel business, exports, tier 2 and 3 cities penetration and packaging. Robotics & Discrete Automation business area continued to record reasonable order inflows, including green shoots of recovery in the automotive market and demand in new market segments.

Key orders during the quarter include: • Setting up of grassroot lube complex for oil and gas major • Power equipment for IT service management company in Hyderabad • Refinery expansion project for one of the largest aluminum producers • Distributed control and safety system projects for Indian multinational paint company • Medium voltage air insulated switchgears for an Indian multinational conglomerate

ABB India continues to have a strong order backlog as of December 31, 2021, at INR 4,912 crore, which provides revenue visibility and is well aligned to support growth plans in the coming quarters.

Revenue and operations The Company recorded a revenue of INR 6934 crore for the full year, an increase of 19 percent as compared to CY 20. The growth was driven by capacity expansion and strong backlog execution despite supply chain challenges. The company reported INR 2,101 crore revenue for the quarter, which is higher by 24 percent as compared to Q4 last year. In Q4, strong backlog execution, solid customer-connect, uptick in exports and service business led to the positive movement in the quarter. Revenue in electrification business grew by 31 percent Y-o-Y supported by higher revenues from smart building and smart power business; Motion business saw growth of 17 percent Y-o-Y across all divisions except some delays in traction motors; Process Automation grew by 22 percent ||www.electricalmirror.net||

supported by strong backlog realization with service revenues contributing to 30 percent; Robotics and Discrete Automation segment posted a revenue growth of 26 percent Y-o-Y. ABB India continued the journey of making Indian shopfloors more digitalized. Some of the projects include digital melt shop solution installation for JSW and large-scale remote commissioning of actuators for Bilt Graphic Paper Boards company. Better decision making for steel makers with ABB Ability™ Data Analytics platform for Sunflag Steel and electromagnetic braking system deployed for Tata Steel. The RA business area did the local commissioning of the first fully robotized and automated line installation of an auto major with remote monitoring of body diagnostics using holo-lens. A virtual factory acceptance test (FAT) and holo-lens guided installation for remote troubleshooting was conducted by the robotics business for a French global automotive supplier. In addition to the same, ABB Robotics is also a part of the OLA mega factory of electric scooters deploying sustainable robotics solutions like pixel paint technology optimizing paint applications to reduce emissions and enhance productivity. The ABB India board provided the approvals to set in motion further actions for the divestment of the turbocharger business and set up a subsidiary.

Profit and cash flow from operating activities In 2021, the step up in profitable growth was led by the preference for ABB portfolio and recovering markets. For the full year, profit before tax (before exceptional items and one-offs) and profit after tax more than doubled Y-o-Y at INR 603 crore and INR 532 crore respectively. The company reported a Profit before tax (before exceptional items and one-offs) of INR 219 crore for the quarter up by 26 percent Y-o-Y, mainly driven by better capacity utilization, revenue mix and operational efficiency. It may be noted that the last quarter of 2020 included the one-off closing costs of legacy projects of Process Automation. In Q4 2021, profitability improvement was witnessed across all business segments. Impact of external headwinds like increasing commodity prices, supply disruptions were offset by volume growth and higher price realizations. Profit after tax reported at INR 194 crores, a growth of 211 percent over Q4 2020 driven by solid execution. The company’s cash position continues to remain robust at INR 2688 crore at the end of 2021 vis-a-vis INR 2207 crore in 2019. || February 2022 ||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Press Release

Sustainability in practice

Press Release

During the quarter, ABB India flagged off ‘Energy Efficiency Movement’ and highlighted the importance of industrial energy efficiency. The fourth quarter was also marked by the completion of multiple sustainability and ESG milestones including the opening of the AI-enabled country and business office Disha. The building installed with ABB’s Building Management Systems would save up to 30 percent of potential energy usage. The Peenya Bengaluru campus of ABB where Disha is located also received the LEED-gold rating and certification for elimination of single use plastics. The Nelamangala, Bengaluru campus also turned water positive signifying more water is replenished back to the earth than the water consumed at this campus. The Faridabad facility in Haryana also expanded the capacity for low voltage motor production powered by renewable energy. The sustainability in practice initiatives momentum is now built in all our campuses across the country and significant progress is seen in 2021. Our initiatives align well with our parent group’s net zero target in years to come.

Dividend Based on the business performance and the potential in current markets, the Board of Directors maintained the dividend trend and recommended a dividend of INR 5.2 per share

(260 percent), subject to the approval of shareholders at the forthcoming Annual General Meeting.

Outlook While India has made commendable progress on the vaccination front this year, the world is grappling with yet another variant of the virus. The surge in number of infections have led several states to impose local restrictions though the impact on economic activities has been limited so far. We at ABB, continue to have all our precautionary and safety protocols in place while continuously monitoring our key markets and segments. The company will also look out for inflationary pressures, the trajectory of supply chain disruptions in the country and across the globe. ABB India will continue to focus on profitable execution of our large and diversified order book and leverage the strong growth momentum in our identified fast recovering sectors like data centres, buildings & infrastructure, food and beverage and power distribution. Also, we are benefitting from business opportunities to render greater sustainability and efficiency in certain core sectors of energy, railways & metro, and cement. ABB is reasonably confident of building on the current business momentum and is committed to create (or to the creation) of sustainable returns for our stakeholders.

PFC bestowed with the prestigious “ICAI Award for Excellence in Financial Reporting” Power Finance Corporation Ltd. (PFC) a Maharatna CPSE and country’s leading NBFC in the power sector, has won the prestigious ICAI (Institute of Chartered Accountants of India) Silver award for excellence in financial reporting for the financial year 2020-21 in ‘Public Sector Entities’ category. PFC was bestowed with this coveted award for its highest degree of compliance with accounting standards, commendable accounting practices adopted while preparing financial statements, the policies adopted for disclosure & presentation of financial statements amongst other information contained in the annual report. The award was received by Sh. R S Dhillon, CMD, Smt. Parminder Chopra, Director (Finance) and Sh. R K Malhotra, ED (Finance) from Dr. Jitender Singh, Hon’ble MoS (IC) for Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, MoS for PMO, Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Deptt of Atomic Energy and Space, at an award distribution ceremony held on 09th Feb., 2022. Sh. Mohd Salim, GM (Finance) and Sh. Anurag Gupta, CM (Finance) were also present on the occasion. RM

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HPL Electric and Power Ltd reports Q3 & 9M FY2022 Results Revenue grows 15% YoY to ` 280 Crores in Q3 FY22 ‘Consumer’ (B2C) Segments register growth of 25% YoY in Q3 FY22

HPL Electric and Power Ltd (referred to as the “Company”; NSE Symbol: HPL, BSE Scrip Code: 540136), an established electric equipment manufacturing company in India, manufacturing a diverse portfolio of electric equipment, announced its financial results for the third quarter and nine month ended December 31st, 2021. Particulars (In Cr)

Q3 FY22

Q3 FY21 9M FY22

9M FY21

Revenue from Operations

280.0

244.0

688.8

567.3

EBITDA

37.3

34.7

79.5

75.3

EBITDA Margin %

13.3%

14.2%

11.5%

13.3%

Cash PAT

21.2

19.6

29.8

29.1

• Strong performance in Consumer segment (B2C) business o The Metering business revenue grew by 3% YoY to `113 crores impacted by global chip shortages and key raw material components. However, the outlook in near term remains very strong. o The ‘Consumer’ segment (including non-utility meters) registered a robust growth of 25% YoY to ` 185 crores in Q3 FY22 fueled by favourable consumer sentiments led by re-opening of the economy. The switchgear segment grew by 9% YoY to `54 crores. The lighting segment registered a growth of 14% YoY to `74 crores, whereas the wires & cables segment revenue surged by 95% to `39 crores in Q3 FY22. The revenue share of the Consumer segment stood at 66% in Q3 FY22. • EBITDA at `37 crores; EBITDA margin at 13.3% • Cash Profit during Q3 FY22 stood at `21 crores. Mr. Gautam Seth, Joint Managing Director, said, “The industry largely benefitted from re-opening of the economy which lifted consumer spending resulting in a 15% YoY growth in the Company revenue to `280 Crores in Q3 FY22. We are also witnessing a strong smart meter rollout by the Government due to which the metering segment is poised for revival in the coming quarters due to the Government’s aggressive push towards installing smart meters across the nation. The Consumer segment revenue increased by 25% YoY to `185 crores, led by strong consumer demand and the Government’s push towards infrastructural spending in Q3 FY22. The switchgear, lighting and wires & cable segment ||www.electricalmirror.net||

revenues grew by 9%, 14% and 95% YoY, respectively. The industry is rapidly marching towards the pre-COVID-19 levels which augurs well for both Meter and Consumer segment for the coming FY23. The Company has a robust order book position of `879 Crores, ensuring strong revenue visibility for FY23. Exports grew by 41% YoY during 9M FY22 and it continues to gain traction owing to diversified product portfolio. The Smart Meter industry has a huge opportunity under the Make in India programme. The Government has installed 37.3 lakh smart electric meters till date. With the Centre’s funding to the States under the National Smart Grid Mission (NSGM) and Integrated Power Development Scheme (IPDS) coupled with Revamped Distribution Sector Scheme (RDSS), the installation of smart meters will gain pace in the coming quarters. The Government is rapidly making strides for installing 25 crores smart prepaid meters across the nation, earmarking `225 billion towards smart meters under the `3-lakh-crore power distribution scheme. The move will certainly benefit a seasoned player like HPL Electric. Additionally, the Company has a strong pipeline Smart Meters order to the tune of `270+ crores to be executed in the coming quarters. Backed by the technology edge, HPL Electric looks forward to win new projects from power utility companies. In order to meet the aggressive deadline for accomplishing 25 crores smart meters, the Government is likely to float ~ `10,000 crores (existing and tenders in the pipeline) Metering tenders, thereby leading to an increase in enquiries, participation and winning of smart meters tenders in the industry.” Robust Order Book & Strong Revenue Visibility • Consolidated current order book stands at `879 crores (net of GST) o Metering orders of `448 crores o Switchgear orders of `199 crores o Lighting orders of `64 crores o Wires & Cables orders of `168 crores o Enquiry base for Metering tenders is at a healthy level. Tenders amounting to ~ `10,000 crores have been floated or expected to be floated in the near-term RM

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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Kerala Government collaborates with Social Alpha for developing Startup Ecosystem in the area of Clean Energy and Climate Action

Press Release

• Signs MoU through Energy Management Centre (EMC) and Kerala Development and Innovation Strategic Council (K-DISC) with Social Alpha representing the Clean Energy International Incubation Centre (CEIIC) • Focus on clean energy technologies promoting smart grids, transition to renewables, and climate action by setting up of a joint Incubation Centre in Kerala for strengthening the early-stage innovation ecosystem

From left to right: Sri. V.R. Hari, IRS, Director, Finance, Kerala State Electricity Board Limited, Dr. K.M. Abraham, Chief Principal Secretary of Hon’ble Chief Minister of Kerala, Dr. R Harikumar, Director EMC, Mr Jacob Poulose, Director & Principal, Foundation for Innovation & Social Entrepreneurship (Social Alpha), Dr. P.V. Unnikrishnan, Member Secretary K-DISC, Dr. V.P Joy, IAS, Chief Secretary, Govt of Kerala, Dr.Praveer Sinha, CEO & MD, Tata Power Company Limited, Dr G Ganesh Das, CEO, Clean Energy International Incubation Centre (CEIIC), Dr. B. Ashok, IAS, CMD KSEBL, Shri. V. C. Anil Kumar, Chief Electrical Inspector, Govt of Kerala

The Government of Kerala, through the Energy Management Centre (EMC) and Kerala Development and Innovation Strategy Council (KDISC), enters into a MoU with Social Alpha through its Clean Energy International Incubation Centre (CEIIC). Set up in 2018 by Social Alpha, CEIIC is a joint initiative of Tata Trusts and the Government of India, and is supported by the Department of Biotechnology, BIRAC, Tata Power and Tata PowerDelhi Distribution. The MoU underlines the joint commitment of EMC, KDISC and CEIIC to work together in the areas of innovative, clean energy technologies which integrate with the initiatives and programs of the Government of Kerala. This collaboration will also facilitate the State of Kerala in curating innovative technologies for deployment through government initiatives for addressing the challenges in the power sector and energy access for all. The jointly set-up incubation centre will leverage the labs and infrastructure already set up by the collaborating agencies. CEIIC will also bring with it a rich partner ecosystem and a network for experts. Tata Power, one of the key stakeholders and CEIIC, with a strong network of over a hundred national and international technology and institution partners, lab facilities and cadre of experts, will also lend support to this

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joint incubator for creating affordable and scalable solutions. The initiative addresses the pressing need for solutions that leverage cutting-edge, disruptive clean energy technologies to accelerate progress toward net zero. The program aligns with the goals of the Mission Innovation Platform and India’s commitment towards Climate. Climate Change is one of the biggest challenges facing our world today, spurring the call for global collaborations to tackle the crisis. The collaboration under this initiative reiterates the commitment of State Government, Social Alpha and the Tata Power to work towards sustainability and climate. Speaking of the collaboration, Mr. Manoj Kumar, Founder & CEO, Social Alpha, said, “To address the climate crisis and get to net-zero, we must support innovations and entrepreneurs who are working on breakthrough, scalable climate solutions. Transition to renewables and building efficient and smart solutions and systems for generation, distribution, storage and consumption of energy are extremely critical to solving the climate challenge. For a country like India, renewable integration has to go hand-in-hand with achieving access to energy for all, along with the decarbonisation of the industries and of the power sector, for moving towards the goal of net-zero. Incubators ||www.electricalmirror.net||

like the one that we are setting up with the Government of Kerala can be instrumental in catalysing early-stage innovation for driving this agenda at an accelerated pace.” Congratulating the three organizations for taking initiatives under the Climate Change and Mission Innovation Programs of GoI, Dr. Praveer Sinha, CEO & MD, Tata Power said, "We are glad to partner with the Government of Kerala through CEIIC and are confident that this collaboration will create a testbed for new age implementable technologies in the energy space and boost start-up culture in the state. This association will power our #DoGreen mission of leading green innovations and will also significantly contribute towards India's clean

energy ecosystem and net zero commitments." The MoU was signed in presence of Shri, K. Krishnankutty, Honourable Minister for Electricity, Government of Kerala; Dr V.P. Joy, IAS, Chief Secretary; Dr K. M. Abraham, IAS (Retd),Chief Principal Secretary to the CM; Dr B. Ashok, IAS, CMD, KSEBL, Dr. P.V. Unnikrishnan, Member Secretary K-DISC; Shri, V.C. Anil Kumar, Chief Electrical Inspector, Government of Kerala, Dr R. Harikumar, Director EMC; Dr. Praveer Sinha, CEO & MD, Tata Power; Dr. G Ganesh Das, CEO, Clean Energy International Incubation Centre (CEIIC); Mr Jakob Poulose, Director and Principal, Social Alpha. EM

Tata Power invites citizens to be climate action champions with its 'Tree Mittra' App • Pledges to plant a sapling for each app download; App available on Playstore • Initiative coincides with the International Day of Education

Tata Power, in its commitment to #DoGreen and contribute to the collective well-being of our shared home – planet Earth – launches its 'Tree Mittra App' on the occasion of the International Day of Education. The day was proclaimed by the United Nations in 2018 to celebrate the role of education in bringing global peace and sustainable development. With this unique initiative, the company aims to celebrate the power of individual potential to protect Mother Earth through sustainable actions and promote biodiversity champions to create a greener tomorrow.

weekly updated in the background of the mobile screens.

The not-for-profit, freely accessible app has been created with an objective to increase awareness of the importance of biodiversity in India by giving people a beautiful 52-image wallpaper calendar, each image conveying the tale of a unique Indian tree. For each app download, the company has pledged to plant a sapling around its operational facilities in India, giving each individual the power to be a true Tree Mittra, with just a few clicks on their smartphone.

With extensive diversity of flora and fauna around its operating sites across Western Ghats and other locations across India, over the years the company has taken many steps towards biodiversity conservation. The company’s multi-award-winning Walwhan gardens and 50-year-old ‘Act for Mahseer’ Program nestled in Lonavala, Maharashtra is a testament to the larger cause.

As India’s largest integrated power company, focused on action leadership towards becoming a green and sustainable energy brand, Tata Power supports multiple initiatives and environmentally-friendly practices to motivate and engage its employees, customers, and stakeholders. Apart from contributing significantly to the afforestation agenda, the app provides access to unique information about trees and raises awareness on the importance of adopting green environmental practices, while promoting sustainability messaging with visually appealing wallpapers which will be ||www.electricalmirror.net||

'Tree Mittra' app is another important program in Tata Power's biodiversity conservation and restoration journey. Under the 'Tree Mittra' umbrella initiative, Tata Power has been running a unique plantation drive for the past 40 years, which encourages employees and their families to adopt a tree, plant and nurture its growth. More than 100 lakh saplings have been planted across several locations of the group over this period, across Maharashtra, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, Gujarat, and Karnataka.

Tata Power is committed to contributing to the environment conservation agenda by adopting sustainable and responsible business strategies. It is the first power utility in the country to commit to ‘Carbon Neutrality before 2045 and the only Indian utility to co-create the first SDG roadmap for power utilities along with WBCSD and 10 other global power companies. It has also developed a clear roadmap to achieve Water Neutrality and Zero waste to landfills by 2030. By making the Tree Mittra App available for free download the company intends to achieve maximum reach for the initiative, creating more awareness while encouraging more climate-action champions to come forward for the bigger cause. EM || February 2022 ||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Press Release

New-age Waste Management Platform Cercle X raises INR 1.9 CR in a Seed round led by Inflection Point Ventures

Press Release

• Cercle X is a new-age waste management company that aims to provide a circular waste management platform to be used by various players in the value chain. • Funds raised to be utilised for scaling marketing, operations, and technology • IPV has so far invested Rs. 358 Cr across 111 deals.

New-age Waste Management Platform Cercle X raises INR 1.9 CR in a Seed round led by Inflection Point Ventures. The funds raised will be utilised towards Marketing, Operations and Technology. Solid waste generated in India daily is 2.76 lakh MT. 58k MT of solid waste that could have been recycled (paper, plastic, metal) is dumped daily without processing. Even with thousands of kabadiwalas, recyclers, aggregators across India, the waste management sector is largely unorganized. Movement of waste is untraceable, and commercially unviable to collect and reprocess materials. Cercle X is focussing on creating a B2B marketplace that connects key players (brands, consumers, MRFs, aggregators, recyclers, logistics partners, manufacturers) across the waste value chain, thereby improving access to quality waste, enhanced traceability, and transparency Their vision is to create a unified ecosystem for management and transformation of waste into valuable products, thereby enabling a circular economy. With the funding in place, Cercle X plans to expand into key southern Indian cities + Top tier-1 cities as a part of its growth plan. Ankur Mittal, Co-Founder, Inflection Point Ventures says, “Treating waste through sustainable solution is the need of the hour in India and across the globe. Cercle X with its deep experience, knowledge and passion in the waste management space promises zero waste to landfill by optimising the current waste/resources in hand. This platform aims to conserve planet and at the same time empower thousands of waste warriors associated with the company. Not only is this a high impact socially relevant investment but is a big untapped market opportunity for a sector agnostic platform like

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IPV. The company is already working with some of the leading corporates and has a strong pipeline for the coming quarters.” Cercle X aims to provide differentiated offerings in the B2B waste management space via its waste management services platform Think Trash that would connect various players in the existing value chain for easy pickup-delivery of waste, Supply of recycled raw materials and Supply of recycled/ waste transformed products. Cercle X has tie-ups with 700+ vendors and channelizes 500+ MT of recyclables each month. Cercle X also executes EPR mandates for 20+ large corporates/ brands and works directly with 50+ governmental agencies and ULBs. Since its inception in 2020, they have delivered successful EPR mandates, supply contracts to aggregators, recyclers, and major industrial manufacturers. Vishnu Vardhaan, Co-Founder & CEO, Cercle X, says, “Waste is a global pandemic with absolutely no solution in sight. With Cercle X, we work with the world’s most sustainable brands to handle their waste streams, to create circular solutions that’ll save the planet’s resources for the future generations. Our vision is to enable brands to achieve zero waste through circularity. IPV offers much more than just funds – they believe and support our vision and went above and beyond to help us strengthen our presence in the market. Their wide network across sectors will help us scale rapidly." Some of the achievements of Cercle X include being declared as the Impactful Cleantech Startup of the Year, 2021 by FICCI, Emerging Startup of the year, 2021, by Government of India (MeiTy), NASSCOM & United Nations and being a partner of the United Nations Global Partnership for Marine Litter (GPML). RM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Schwing Stetter gears up for ‘Technovation 2022’ at its Cheyyar facility, Tamil Nadu • The company aims to further leverage technology in Construction Equipment manufacturing • Features 70 + technology driven products

Schwing Stetter India, one of the largest manufacturers of concreting and construction equipment’s across the country, today announced the launch of ‘Technovation 2022’ in their Global Manufacturing Hub in Cheyyar, Tamil Nadu, India. The main objective of the tech fest is to exhibit the concept of innovation through technology in the concrete and construction industries across the country.

Key highlights of the event: -

The Technology show (indoor and outdoor) BAI (Builders Association of India) client’s forum E-commerce website launch Crane owner’s symposium Live demonstration of equipment

This week-long event, which runs from February 7th – 13th, 2022, aims to bring together diverse industrial customers, stakeholders, local and global technology leaders to syndicate conversations about technology, partnerships, and innovation that can help advance market technology adoption. The event will feature 70+ technology-driven products on display, that will transform all stages of the construction process and reshape the industry. Besides this, the webinars and conferences will have 20 plus speakers where a lively exchange of knowledge sharing sessions by impressive technical experts from renowned ||www.electricalmirror.net||

institutions and thought leaders in the industry are expected to participate. Schwing Stetter’s Global Manufacturing Hub has been focusing on innovation, R&D and new products based on customer feedback. Technovation 2022 will be an eye-opener for lot of entrepreneurs and existing customers to have a global awareness about where construction equipment industry is moving towards. Moreover, with market moving towards sustainability, de-carbonization, sensor based preventive technology etc, this event will also be an experience zone for the end customers and industry leaders to see the products in action and try them. Mr. V.G. Sakthikumar, Managing Director, Schwing Stetter India, said, “At Schwing, we have always believed in Innovation & Technology as the driving factors behind the infrastructure growth. Schwing Stetter is extremely delighted and thrilled to conduct the Technovation Fest 2022. We believe that this would be a perfect interactive platform to broaden product range and technology enabled service offerings. It also empowers and helps us to understand our customers in a better manner. Going forward, we will continue to implement new market innovation and growth strategies to sustain our market position”. Throughout the week-long event, a series of events are scheduled to focus on each forum. Some of the major announcements scheduled for Technovation 2022 include Schwing Stetter launching their e-commerce website, webinars by renowned industry professionals, and multiple conferences. EM || February 2022 ||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Press Release

TATA POWER DELIVERS STRONG GROWTH IN REVENUE AND PROFIT; WELL-POSITIONED TO LEAD GREEN TRANSITION

Press Release

• • • • • •

POSTS ROBUST Q3 FY22 RESULTS WITH 74% YoY INCREASE IN CONSOLIDATED PAT AT `552 CRORE 42% YoY INCREASE IN CONSOLIDATED REVENUE AT `11,015 CRORE 9th CONSECUTIVE QUARTER OF PAT GROWTH TO SET UP 4GW SOLAR CELL & MODULE MANUFACTURING CAPACITY WITH AN INVESTMENT OF `3,400 CRORE SOLAR EPC ORDER BOOK CROSSES `10,000 CRORE DEVELOPED A NETWORK OF 1200+ EV CHARGING POINTS ACROSS INDIA

Tata Power, one of India’s largest integrated power companies and the leading progressive green energy brand, with operations across the entire power value chain, today announced its results for the quarter ended 31st December 2021, reporting a 74% YoY increase in consolidated PAT as compared to Q3 FY21, registering its 9th consecutive year-on-year quarterly growth in PAT. Editorial Synopsis: Key Financial Highlights: • Consolidated PAT up by 74% YoY at `552 Crore vs `318 Crore in Q3 FY21 on the back of strong all-round business performance by all verticals • Consolidated Revenue up by 42% at `11,015 Crore vs `7,756 Crore in Q3 FY21 due to expanded operation in Odisha DISCOMs, higher project execution by Tata Power Solar Systems Ltd. (TPSSL), and strong performance of all other businesses • Consolidated underlying EBITDA up by 16% at `2,499 Crore vs `2,149 crore in Q3 FY21 mainly due to higher profit from coal mines offset by higher losses in CGPL due to increase in coal prices • 9M FY22 Consolidated PAT was up by 59% at `1,523 Crore as compared to `957 Crore over 9M FY21. Consolidated Revenue was up by 33% at `30,491 Crore as compared to `22,860 Crore over 9M FY21 • Standalone Revenue up by 30% YoY at `2,159 Crore as compared to `1,655 Crore in Q3 FY21 mainly due to higher fuel cost • Standalone PAT stood at `49 Crore as compared to `575 Crore in Q3 FY21 mainly due to lower dividend income declared by the subsidiaries in this quarter. • S&P Global upgraded Company's credit rating by two notches to BB Rating (Stable) from B+ Rating

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(Positive) • Moody's Investors Service upgraded Company's credit rating by a notch to Ba2 Rating (Stable) from Ba3 Rating (Stable) • Secured the highest score among its peers in the Indian Power sector in S&P Global’s Corporate Sustainability Assessment (CSA) results scoring 67 out of 100, much above the global utility average of 38. Commenting on the Company’s performance, Dr. Praveer Sinha, CEO & Managing Director, Tata Power said, “Tata Power has delivered strong financial performance for the 9th consecutive quarter. All our business clusters have contributed significantly despite facing pandemic-related challenges, demonstrating tremendous resilience, strength and agility. We are committed to focus on key growth areas viz renewables, distribution, and new businesses comprising rooftop solar, solar pumps and EV charging. We'll focus on utilising technology to offer smart, green energy solutions and provide world class experience to our 12 million plus customers." Key Business and Growth Highlights: Renewables: • TPSSL to set up 4 GW solar Cell and Module Manufacturing Capacity with an investment of `3400 crore • Renewable Portfolio grew in PAT by 107% in Q3 FY22 vs Q3 FY21 due to addition of 289 MW capacity and strong execution of both large scale and rooftop solar projects by TPSSL. • Tata Power Renewables successfully commissioned 100 MW Solar PV Projects in Uttar Pradesh – 50 MW each at Prayagraj and Banda in Jan-2022.

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• Tata Power received 'Letter of Award' from MSEDCL Transmission & Distribution (T & D): for setting up of 300 MW Hybrid (Wind & Solar) • 32000 Smart Meters installed in Mumbai Project through TP Saurya Limited (TPSL), a wholly • Tata Power-DDL installed a first-of-its-kind submersible owned subsidiary of Tata Power. power substation in Delhi. • Tata Power Solar received EPC orders worth `538 • Tata Power-DDL signed an MoU with Hitachi Energy Crore from EESL to set up Multiple Distributed Ground for nurturing a talent pool in the power distribution sector Mounted Solar projects totaling 100 MW. • TPCODL launched a flagship program titled ‘Gaon • Tata Power Solar received a Letter of Award (‘LoA’) Chalo’ to cater to rural customers from Solar Energy Corporation of India Ltd. (SECI) to • TPCODL automated 100 Primary Substations build a 100 MW EPC Solar project along with 120 MWh Utility-Scale Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) in • TPCODL replaced 1.4 lakhs defective and mechanical Chhattisgarh. The total contract value of the project is single-phase meters in Q3 and a total of 2.93 lakh such meters in FY 22 approximately `945 crore. The order scope includes engineering, design, supply, construction, erection, • TPCODL introduced Pay and Win Scheme for customers testing, O&M, and commissioning of the projects. to promote digital payment • TPSODL restored 100% supply within 24 hrs Solar Rooftop: post-Jawad Cyclone • Cumulative solar rooftop portfolio crossed 900 MW • TPADL received NABL Accreditation certificate for its • FY22 Order book crossed `1000 Crore with `375+ meter testing lab Crore orders won in Q3FY22 Awards & Recognitions: • Channel Network expanded to 300+ Channel Partners • Tata Power ranked 9th among Top Socially Responsible across 150+ districts Corporates in India, improving from 57th rank previous • Power Purchase Agreement signed with Tata Steel for year 41 MW grid-connected solar projects in Jamshedpur • Tata Power-DDL won Platinum Award under the ‘Best (Jharkhand) and Kalinganagar (Odisha) Country Award for Overall CSR Performance’ category EV Charging: & the Silver Award for ‘Best Community Program’ at the prestigious 13th Global CSR Awards. • Tata Power and amã stays & trails by Indian Hotels • Tata Power-DDL won Asian Power Award for setting Company Ltd. collaborated to contribute towards a up India’s First Grid-connected Community Energy Greener Tourism Future by setting up EV Charging Storage System. Stations across multiple amã properties • TVS Motor Company signed MoU with Tata Power Others: • Tata Power and IIT Madras signed MoU for collaboration to collaborate on electric two-wheeler charging in areas of R&D, Consultancy, Advocacy, Training and eco-system in India Technology Solutions • Tata Power partnered with Apollo Tyres to deploy • Tata Power signed MoU with IIT Delhi to work on EV charging stations at its Commercial & Passenger Smart Grid Technologies, Startups, and Innovation. Vehicle Zones across India RM

Performance Snapshot: Consolidated

Q3 FY22

Q3 FY21

YoY % growth

9M FY22

9M FY21

YoY % growth

Revenue

11,015

7,756

42%

30,491

22,860

33%

Underlying EBITDA

2,499

2,149

16%

7,586

6,835

11%

PAT

552

318

74%

1,523

957

59%

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Cover Story Testing & Measuring

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The new age T&M equipment needs to identify, isolate and analyze Accurate testing and measurement is critical in electronic systems design and manufacturing to ensure product quality. Test and measurement (T&M) systems play an essential role in ratifying the performance of a wide range of electronic products. Increased product complexity has spurred the demand for precision testing at every stage of the product’s life cycle, right from design and development to production testing, pre- and post-market testing, as well as support. Thus, the growth of the test and measurement industry goes hand in hand with the growth of the electronics industry in the country. To find out more about the latest developments in the T&M space, the ComConnect Consulting team did some market research. The budget is keenly followed not just for the immediate fiscal measures but also for the policy priorities of the government. At the crossroads, where the overall economy and the power sector stands, the pronouncements of the budget will be keenly followed. In the current fiscal, overall economic growth has dipped sharply and, in

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all likelihood, GDP growth will be under 5 per cent. This has been one of the key contributing factors for the stagnation of power demand. Simultaneously, the supply pipeline has been quite full, resulting in falling load factors of thermal power plant s and curtailment of renewable energy. Given the ambitious plans of the government to double the renewable energy capacity to 175 GW by 2022 from 86 GW at present, all investors will be nervously watching for moves that will perk up the economy and, consequently, electricity demand. Even as capacity in the power sector has expanded significantly in the past decade, this has heavily depended on equipment imports, particularly from China. As a consequence, more than 200 GW capacities has been added in the past decade at an estimated cost of 10 lakh crore but without creating commensurate jobs and competencies. At this moment, the unemployment rates stand at a 45-year high. The government would be concerned about this and hence, I do expect the policies and fiscal measures to be focused much more on domestic job creation. The

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Testing & Measuring

fiscal incentives could thus be towards encouraging domestic production and making the investments viable and prices competitive vis-à-vis imports of equipment such as solar power, including panels, inverters, transmission equipment and other principal components.

The competitiveness of the economy also depends on the efficiency of operations in the power sector and electricity prices. The tariffs of industrial and commercial electricity are abnormally high in India rendering energy-intensive manufacturing uncompetitive. While the budget is not the platform for tariff rationalisation, there could be some reduction in duties to reduce consumer tariff, particularly in the industrial sectors. Recent news reports indicate that elimination of the coal cess of INR400 per ton of coal has caused the cost of coal-based power generation to increase significantly with an impact of more than 50 ps/kwh. Given that the coal cess has been used primarily for GST compensation to states in recent years and there is little revenue buoyancy at this time, I would be pleasantly surprised if the cess is done away with. A reduction, however, is more likely on the cards. Finances of state-owned power distribution companies have been in the cesspool for decades. The UDAY scheme marked a serious effort to set this straight. Despite the initial promise, UDAY has not delivered the outcomes that the government desired. A new programme marking a renewed effort is on the cards. It needs to be seen how this is different from past initiatives and how it would deliver better than past attempts. The bottom line, however, is that no amount of budgetary support and over-the-top interventions can mend the sector’s finances unless very fundamental changes are made to the way the sector is structured, operated and regulated.

associated manufacturing and installations, is a good avenue for tax breaks. All of this though must lead to kick-starting demand and we need the right set of incentives for efficient consumption. This, in turn, would reignite the investment cycle and, eventually, lead to a higher energy/electricity off take. Hence, while the budget would always contain a range of direct measures affecting the electricity sector, the greatest emphasis has to be on scaling up manufacturing, creating new jobs in a sustainable manner and removing distortions that have prevented India from emerging as a strong manufacturing economy. Those measures would be of much greater importance than some individual steps to prop up the power sector specifically.

By the ComConnect Consulting research team Accurate testing and measurement is critical in electronic systems design and manufacturing to ensure product quality. Test and measurement (T&M) systems play an essential role in ratifying the performance of a wide range of electronic products. Increased product complexity has spurred the demand for precision testing at every stage of the product’s life cycle, right from design and development to production testing, pre- and post-market testing, as well as support. Thus, the growth of the test and measurement industry goes hand in hand with the growth of the electronics industry in the country. To find out more about the latest developments in the T&M space, the ComConnect Consulting team did some market research. Market opportunities India has the potential to be among the forerunners in the next phase of technology innovations. The Indian electronic

The core structural challenges in the distribution sector have to be dealt with through the introduction of competition and transparency. Directional messages on opening up the sector to competition should be sent through the budget. In line with the current economic thinking of the government on increasing private sector participation, it would be worth providing incentives for franchising and privatisation for accelerated technology deployment for improving customer service and reducing losses. This could be on capex up to a certain limit per lakh of customer base. It is important to incentivise R&D in renewables and storage technologies with an aim to create patented technologies for those that are aligned with India’s needs. R&D in this space, including

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systems design and manufacturing (ESDM) sector has witnessed steady growth in recent years, with the focus shifting from pure play system or product design to include other areas such as product development, original design manufacturing (ODM), etc. Therefore, immense business opportunities are brewing in the Indian T&M industry.

You can also derive optimum efficiency and operation for The trend of automotive companies switching to automated testing is driving up demand for T&M equipment. The all kinds of troubleshooting. High growth in the Indian T&M equipment market is due to increasing electronic content in vehicles—for infotainment, technology developments, expanding end user applications and connectivity and safety purposes, along with the growing the growing need to validate the performance of equipment. acceptance of green mobility (through e-vehicles) will also Other factors driving growth in the T&M domain are the fuel the growth of the T&M sector. Besides, the increase in stringent quality, safety and environmental standards for R&D activities across the electronics industry value chain is manufacturing, maintenance and the use of equipment. expected to drive up demand. The experts also highlighted Moreover, proper implementation of government initiatives the bright future of the defence manufacturing ecosystem in like Make in India, 100 Smart Cities, Digital India and the India and the related opportunities for the T&M segment. defence manufacturing drive will definitely open up new India has vast potential in telecommunications and mobile manufacturing too. With the ‘Make in India’ initiative creating opportunities for T&M industry players. a wave of opportunities, mobile manufacturing is all set to gain further momentum. Therefore, experts are also looking forward to the burgeoning opportunities in mobile handset manufacturing and allied verticals like mobile services, cable TV, broadcasting, etc. Smart cities are also likely to boost the power and communications sectors in India and eventually contribute to the growth of the T&M industry.

w w w. e l e c t r i c a l m i r r o r. n e t

According to the industry experts who participated in the survey, the current Indian T&M market (that’s linked to the ESDM industry) has an approximate turnover of US$ 150-200 million. However, the market presents a much bigger opportunity considering that Frost & Sullivan, a market research firm, forecasts that the Indian market for Performance of an electromechanical system is determined by general-purpose electronic T&M instruments will touch US$ the performance of individual power electronic components 300 million by 2022. and switching devices. Hence, there is a need for accurate Market drivers measurement of responses of power electronics, and other The Indian T&M market is driven by both global and domestic electrical and physical parameters. This article describes demand. Growth in this market is a result of the growth the different types of measurement equipment required for registered by the key end user segments like automotive, aerospace and defence, electronics design, etc. Defence power electronic systems. To select a measuring instrument for testing these systems, it and other government sectors have also been instrumental is necessary to understand the testing parameters at various in driving the growth of this sector. Our experts forecast development stages. Test and measurement (T&M) equipment automotive followed by telecommunications, aerospace and enable predictive and preventive inspections to minimise the defence as well as electronics design as the major demand risk of defects, accidents or electronic systems breakdowns. generating application sectors.

The demand for electricity across India has been growing at a rapid rate and is expected to increase further in the years to come. To address this, power generation, transmission and distribution companies will have to invest in reliable, accurate and efficient equipment to protect their assets from failure. Therefore, the growth prospects of T&M equipment related to the industrial electronics sector are quite promising. India ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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Testing & Measuring

Cover Story

is an emerging solar hub of the world, considering that capacity for nearly 100GW of solar power is to be added in the next five years. So solar power could become a very important market for T&M products.

Emerging trends The need for a connected and safer world, leveraging advances in the Internet of Things (IoT), machine-to-machine (M2M) interaction, autonomous driving and 5G are the new technology trends that will lead to the growth of the T&M industry worldwide and in India too. According to the latest study by Frost & Sullivan, titled, ‘Global Electronic Test and Measurement, Forecast to 2022’, the growth will span a range of technologies and cover the entire product life cycle—from R&D to manufacturing and quality assurance. In the next five to ten years, a lot is expected to happen, whether in the wireless technology or application areas. For example, IoT is one of the key driving factors. The proliferation of smart devices has begun to influence the design and use of T&M equipment. Each ‘smart’ product has to go through a specific set of processes to ensure its usability and functionality for the intended purpose – and behind each of these steps are the design, manufacturing and testing procedures. T&M technologies are going to evolve accordingly. There are emerging needs for embedded/portable T&M solutions, IoT test solutions with remote troubleshooting capabilities, and solutions that can support the latest interfaces and protocols. In wireless technology, the emergence of 5G is going to

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change the technology landscape. The greater need for interoperability and 5G are the top two emerging trends in the global T&M market. Two key features in 5G NR are especially important for the realisation of higher data rates than in LTE—the use of millimeter wave frequencies (up to 100 GHz) and support for significantly higher signal bandwidths. In particular, 5G NR supports signal bandwidths up to 100MHz for carrier frequencies below 6GHz and up to 400MHz for frequencies in the millimeter wave range. These developments present new challenges for development engineers. Designing power amplifiers that exhibit the necessary characteristics (e.g., linearity) is not easy and may need new design approaches (e.g., digital predistortion). The circuitry needed to generate frequencies in the millimeter wave range requires well-thought out design and the careful selection of components in order to reduce the effects of phase noise introduced by mixers and multipliers. Beamforming also requires very good amplitude and phase synchronisation between antenna elements in active antenna systems. The high frequencies intensify the challenges for T&M methods. The short wavelengths and higher losses in circuits necessitate tight integration, making it impractical to supply connector ports for testing. At the same time, the effects of connectors and test fixtures become non-negligible, potentially affecting the validity of the measurements recorded. As a result, over-the-air (OTA) testing will play an important role. Automation powered by M2M interaction is the new technology trend in the power sector and, hence, the

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demand for automated products is growing. Accordingly, the new technological advancements like data logging DMMs and automated power-calculating power clamp meters will experience good growth. Online transmission line monitoring systems, compact tan-delta testing machines, automatic breaker testing machines, discrete monitoring of power losses at each feeder by distribution companies, etc, are some of the key areas of application. With respect to the user experience, touchscreen technologies are going to revolutionise the T&M environment. A combination of the right hardware with a ‘designed for touch’ user interface (UI) will enable companies to use equipment easily and efficiently. ‘Designed for touch’ UIs are crucial for creating an effective and usable touchscreen, since it is not enough to simply add a touchscreen to an existing UI. The new age T&M equipment needs to identify, isolate and analyse a system under test as quickly and efficiently as possible. Having an effective touchscreen on the instrument can reduce the time it takes to configure the system and to analyse signals. Thus, instruments with better GUIs result in ease of operation and automated testing capabilities, which increases productivity.

Faster switching power electronic devices The trend in power electronics is to push the operating frequencies higher to reduce size, weight and cost of the systems. This requires faster switching power electronic devices, such as SiC and GaN MOSFETS, and diodes. To test and characterise such devices, you need faster measurement devices like higher bandwidth oscilloscopes and power analysers. For design and architecture stages, key factors that help select test instruments include high-frequency dynamic behaviour, static behaviour, fast inverter switching, trigger for individual waveforms and overshoot on pulses. Measurement at this stage requires mixed-signal oscilloscopes with multiple channels. Measured parameters Dynamic behaviour of power electronics can be measured with a scopecorder (oscilloscope-cum-data acquisition recorder). A data acquisition recorder handles a wide range of power measurements and captures high-resolution details with a 12or 16-bit ADC. A spacecorder carries out complex calculations to measure power factor, active power and harmonics using a digital signal processor. Dynamic parameters such as switching times (Trise, Tfall, Tdelay or Trr) use high- bandwidth oscilloscopes. Static ||www.electricalmirror.net||

parameter measurements need curve tracers and parametric analysers. Static parameters include VCEon, VDS, RDSon, VF, VGE and leakage currents using curve tracers. Switching energies such as Eon, Eoff and Err are measured using high-bandwidth current probes and oscilloscopes with math functions.

Quality control measures Power analysis, conversion efficiency and harmonics are measured for efficiency validation. A power analyser measures efficiency, total harmonic distortion and power factor correction of circuits. For these, the test power analyser should be of high accuracy and high stability. It should have calibration ability that can measure highly distorted current and voltage waveforms accurately. Online inspection and troubleshooting are important to reduce costs and downtime, and improve the efficiency of various electronic components. For online inspection, thermal imagers are useful for PCBs and SMD cards, for fault diagnosis and research purposes. This is due to their high IR resolutions of 320×240 pixels and 640×480 pixels. These can also be used for the mass production of electronic components for monitoring, processing and quality control. T&M equipment for power electronics Nitin Shetty, chief executive officer, Convergent Technologies, says, “A galvanically-isolated solution like Tektronix TIVM Series IsoVu can resolve high-bandwidth differential signals up to 2500Vpk in the presence of large common-mode voltages. The latest T&M technology for power electronics is 8-channel, 12-bit ADC and deep memory MSO 5 series oscilloscope. “MSO is available with eight high-resolution channels, easy-to-use user interface and a large HD touchscreen display along with advanced IsoVu probing solutions. It is suitable for designing an inverter, optimising a power supply and testing communication links. It measures across a current shunt resistor, debugging electromagnetic interference or electrostatic discharge issues, and eliminates ground loops in a test setup.” A new way to test power electronics modules A new method for characteristic measurement and reliability testing of thermally sensitive power electronics modules is more efficient and gets to the problem quicker. With the focus on energy savings, there is a rapidly increasing emphasis on power electronics modules used in reusable energy applications, such as solar arrays and wind turbines, || February 2022 ||

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Testing & Measuring

as well as the power grids that deliver electric energy throughout the world. They are used in electric and hybrid vehicles and their charger stations. Motor drive controllers and even consumer product chargers use them. With this much use, small improvements in their efficiency can save huge quantities of energy.

Meanwhile, several industry consortiums around the world are focusing on improvements to today’s power electronics modules and their applications. The companies in these consortiums are concerned not only with the efficiency of the power electronics modules, but also their reliability because many of the applications require modules that must last for Classic versus advanced reliability testing The classic method of lifespan testing for a power electronics years and decades without replacement. module requires multiple cycles through various stages in The reliability challenge in power electronics Many of the applications for power electronics modules require a laboratory. Typically, the IGBT module is hooked up to a long life spans. For example, in wind turbines that may be power cycling source. The module may be cycled through located out in the oceans, it’s impractical to replace the a few hundred or a thousand cycles. Then the module is modules. For solar arrays on satellites, it’s basically impossible dismounted from the power cycler and taken to a lab for to fix them. Electric vehicles and hybrids are expected to failure testing. If the module has not failed, the process last 15 to 20 years without major repairs. So the challenge of power cycling and failure testing is repeated. Once the is to create modules at low cost and weight that will not module is determined to have completely failed, it is taken only support the extremely high current requirements, but to a lab to determine the cause of failure. This process can also last for many years. One method is to over-engineer, involve X-ray scanning, visual inspection or even destructive the modules but this approach adds to the cost and weight. dissecting of the module. If they are designed to meet requirements without over-engineering, how can they then be tested for expected lifespan reliability without putting them in a test environment for years, even decades? The main issues that typically affect reliability are thermal stresses and overheating. We can approach this problem in steps. The first step is to design the modules so that they will work from a heat conduction point of view. The second step is to provide a method of testing the modules for their expected lifetime.

Reliability testing in power electronics So now you have designed a module with good heat management, that is, it has significant heat flow paths from the junction to ambient. But you still don’t really know the expected lifespan. A method of accelerating the lifespan testing and understanding what exactly is going to eventually cause the modules to fail is needed. The main issue with high power electronic modules is the thermal stresses imposed by the repeated heating and cooling as the module powers on and off during its normal operation. In today’s applications, these modules typically 42

run from 100 to 1,500 amps with life expectancy of tens of thousands up to millions of power cycles. These thermal stresses and overheating can cause any number of failures. The various layers of the substrate can separate and, because air is a poorer heat conductor than the solid material, the well-designed heat path will fail and the die will overheat. The same thing can happen if the actual substrate material forms stress cracks. A power electronics module has multiple wire bonds connecting to the die to carry the heavy current loads. These wire bonds can eventually crack because of the thermal stresses or can detach because of solder failure.

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There are several issues with this classic method of reliability testing. First, it’s a long process. The repeated mounting, power cycling, dismounting and failure testing is time-consuming, especially if the number of cycles to failure is high. Second, the cycle count to failure start may be indeterminate. Only after the module has completely failed could it be determined to have failed in the lab. Also, if the diagnosis shows multiple failures, it is not always possible to determine the cause and effect; that is, which failure was the initial one that caused the other failure.

New technology for reliability testing A more efficient process is needed that can determine the exact cause of the failure quickly. Such a solution needs to be able to measure electrical and thermal effects in the module during the power cycling and recognize the failure cause in real-time, without having to rely on a post-mortem diagnosis. If the power cycling and measurement is contained in the same hardware, there is no need to dismount the modules from the power cycler and take them into the laboratory for failure analysis. Recent developments in the industry, such as the MicReD Industrial Power Tester 1500A from Mentor ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Graphics, are providing this capability.

Using the real-time structure function The structure function produced by the T3Ster provides the ability to “look” inside of the module and measure the thermal characteristics of the module’s substrate layers. This same technology can be used during the power cycling to sense substrate layer delamination and cracking. Figure 4 shows a structure function graph with snapshots taken at this particular module’s 0; 5,000; 10,000; 15,000; 20,000 and 25,000th cycles. The blue and green lines are coincident and basically show the original “good” module’s layer characteristics. But at the 20,000th cycle, we see that the lines start to go more horizontal, indicating an increase in the resistance of the base plate solder layer. This continues to happen through the 25,000th cycle. The increase in resistance indicates a delamination of the layer, an interruption of the heat path from the die to ambient, and will probably result in overheating of the die and eventual failure. With the classic method of testing, a failure may not have been recognized at this point. Later in the classic process, after complete module failure, multiple layers may have delaminated because of the excessive heat, but failure of the initial layer would not have been seen. Other causes of failure diagnosed The structure function can be used effectively to sense such failures as substrate layer delamination and cracking. But other failures can occur in the modules, such as wire bond cracking or solder failure. For these types of diagnostics, the power tester has to include very sensitive methods of measuring changes in voltages and currents. For a module that contains multiple wire bonds per die, the ability to see when a single bond has failed is needed. This can be achieved by measuring small increases in the forward voltage being applied during powering up of the module. If a bond fails, ||www.electricalmirror.net||

With respect to the user experience, touchscreen technologies are going to revolutionise the T&M environment. A combination of the right hardware with a ‘designed for touch’ user interface (UI) will enable companies to use equipment easily and efficiently. ‘Designed for touch’ UIs are crucial for creating an effective and usable touchscreen, since it is not enough to simply add a touchscreen to an existing UI. The new age T&M equipment needs to identify, isolate and analyse a system under test as quickly and efficiently as possible. Having an effective touchscreen on the instrument can reduce the time it takes to configure the system and to analyse signals. Thus, instruments with better GUIs result in ease of operation and automated testing capabilities, which increases productivity. RM

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

w w w. e l e c t r i c a l m i r r o r. n e t

the resistance to the die will increase slightly, thus increasing The key to efficiency is to combine the power cycling with the forward voltage slightly. on-line, real-time diagnostic testing and to be able to Market opportunities analyze multiple characteristics of the module under test India has the potential to be among the forerunners in the simultaneously. An example uses a maximum of 1,500 amp next phase of technology innovations. The Indian electronic power cycling that can either be applied to a single module systems design and manufacturing (ESDM) sector has witnessed or as many as three separate modules. It has measurement steady growth in recent years, with the focus shifting from capability that senses the module’s structure, voltages, junction pure play system or product design to include other areas temperature, and other characteristics in real time. The touch- such as product development, original design manufacturing screen controls make it easy to set up and run, making it (ODM), etc. Therefore, immense business opportunities are appropriate for both laboratory and production environment brewing in the Indian T&M industry. usage. Conclusion

Mr. Sameer Gaikwad Regional Sales Director – India/South Asia

Altanova India Pvt. Ltd.

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The brand Doble was known in India since the 70’s through the technical papers and journals. Some products arrived along with the projects developed with international collaborations. Since a quarter of the century, we have seen Indian power engineers attend the International Doble conferences and also contribute to the proceedings. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Q. How is Doble’s business shaping up in India? How

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w w w. a l t a n o v a - g r o u p . c o m

will merger of both the companies (Doble- ALTANOVA) benefit for each other? Founded in 1920, Doble Engineering Company ensures reliable, safe and secure power for all. We do this by providing comprehensive diagnostics and engineering expertise for the energy industry. Doble is part of the Utility Solutions Group of ESCO Technologies Inc. (NYSE: ESE) and serves customers around the globe. It owns brands such as Morgan Schaffer, Manta Systems and Vanguard amongst others. Its recent acquisition of Phenix Systems and Altanova are in line with the strategy to provide a range of solutions that provide the best of the technology from and to the Northern American and Rest of the World markets. Doble opened its Indian subsidiary, Doble Engineering Pvt Ltd two decades ago to serve the local markets in the region for technical application support. Known as the librarian in the diagnostics space of the Electrical power sector and provider of rugged field test instrumentation & installations, Doble brings trust to the equation. Altanova was formed in 2017 with the amalgamation of ISA and Techimp in Italy and has its presence in India since a decade bringing trained and knowledgeable expertise and services to customers in India & the region. The merger is more for the benefit of our customers in the electric power industry. It brings many brands together thereby making it convenient for customers to have a single point connect for most of their T&M needs in the generation, transmission & distribution sectors. Moreover, an eventual consolidation of technologies will help standardise the offerings in line with the recommendation of IEC & IEEE and steering research and development. . What will be positive efficacy of combination of Doble- ALTANOVA? What are your ambitions and goals for the year – 2022? For effective maintenance of key electrical assets, we realise our customers are looking for a focussed and simplified approach which helps them to take informed decisions; be it stand-alone testing, online monitoring, deployment of technical services or asset management systems. This combined entity under the Altanova brand shall stive to achieve exactly that.

The 2022 goals are short-term and more focussed towards building a strong & trusted Altanova brand. At the same time, it will be business as usual for our customers who now have a wider basket to choose from as all brands will co-exist with the choice always remaining with the customer. . What are the market’s challenges, particularly in terms of cost, technical advancement and getting raw materials? The pandemic has wreaked havoc in the traditional supply-chain for everyone. Forecasting and planning has become a nightmare and delayed projects has added to the cost overruns. There is only a fraction that a small secondary equipment industry such the T&M space can absorb such shocks in a large EPC space. Unfortunately, the price pressure is transferred most on the secondary and tertiary equipment suppliers who are largely technologically oriented and not operating with high volume. We are seeing a delay of about 30% in shipping times due to specialised electronic components crunch and feel it is only for the short term. Some designs are being adapted to accommodate new components. It is imperative we keep the customers in the knowledge of this – so they order with the quoted lead time & their projects are not delayed. Technology advancement is done to ensure our products are available for service even after 5-8 years after they are discontinued. It is a big challenge as electronic parts these days have a shorter design life. Doble products are known to be robust enough to outlive its operational life which results in much lower ownership cost per year even if the initial purchase price seems high. . What is the testing and monitoring industry’s response to India’s ever- increasing claim for uninterruptible power? A sure indicator of any developed nation is availability of a reliable electrical power network and quick restoration during shutdowns. This is possible only with correct planning of the network along with an effective operation & maintenance strategy. An accurate and effective protection and substation automation testing allows for proper mitigation of faults in addition to providing network information for better planning.

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Interview

Today, both time-based and condition-based monitoring strategies exist for important assets. Our technologies allow accurate and effective commissioning tests that define the future operational interventions. Accurate testing coupled with a clear road map based on interpreting the results help our utilities to take right action. Doble also provides the bedrock of asset assessment strategy in our consulting space to help utilities create what-if scenarios and minimise shutdowns and reduce risk of losing the asset. We are helping the industry achieve better with our century of experience. . How is Doble-ALTANOVA contributing or adding to India’s energy growth and development? The brand Doble was known in India since the 70’s through the technical papers and journals. Some products arrived along with the projects developed with international collaborations. Since a quarter of the century, we have seen Indian power engineers attend the International Doble conferences and also contribute to the proceedings. As a knowledge partner, Doble brought the forums to India since early 2000. We have held 16 IndiaDoble Power Forums till now enabling our power industry to come together to share their O&M experience, learn from the tutorials that showcase the industry insights and pick the brains from the best. With technology that is available faster to all, especially AI based analytics will help propel India to bridge the gaps in O&M decision making. New challenges to include bulk green power to the T&D grid is an area Doble is well versed, and our experience

Interview

will help emerging economies like India take care of such assets. . Your prospect towards market requirements for monitoring solution? As it is said, well begun is half done. An effective condition monitoring begins with proper planning at the engineering stage. It is not just about having sophisticated equipment connected to monitor your key assets. What technology to apply where and when is the key. This helps in getting more from the available budget. Utility engineers should be aware that the key electrical power assts such as transformers, generators, motors and switchyards are designed for long life. Each stage of its life demands the right attention. Factory and commissioning tests demand accurate test results that serve as benchmark to compare on-site condition and provides a degree of confidence to connect this primary equipment to the grid. As the market is gets more confident towards conditionbased maintenance and online techniques, proper technology intervention at the right stage is advised. Keeping it simple in the beginning is the key. It is not necessary to have the most sophisticated technology connected right at the beginning of asset life to monitor it. It not only adds to the cost but may prove ineffective when needed a decade later if not looked after or due to obsolescence. A judicious approach is what the market needs and it should be coupled with knowledge and intervention strategy when action is desired. RM

India’s No. 01

Leading Monthly Magazine on Electrical, Electronics & Power Sector

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An outlook of the Electrical & Power Industry

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Budget 2022

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Union Budget 2022: Enormous push to infrastructure spending The Union Budget 2022–23, which announced a 35.4 percent increase in public capital expenditure, paved the way for capex-driven growth during India's Amrutkaal (i.e., the 25-year long period leading up to the 100th anniversary of Indian independence). The capex has been increased from approximately Rs 5.54 lakh crore last year to around Rs 7.50 lakh crore in this year's budget, accounting for 2.2 times more than the FY 2019-20 outlay and 2.9 percent of India's GDP. Roads, trains, airports, ports, mass transportation, waterways, and logistics infrastructure will be powered by seven engines of growth that will be guided by the PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan against the backdrop of economic recovery from the epidemic provided by the Budget. Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced a slew of infrastructure development plans, including a 25,000-kilometer expansion of the existing network of national highways and the development of four multimodal logistics parks, 100 cargo terminals, and eight ropeway projects under the Parvatmala scheme. The development of these projects will not only improve connectivity, but will also have significant benefits for

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India's logistics sector, with the added bonus of good ripple effects on the construction industry as a result of their completion. PPP was the buzzword in this year's Budget speech, and nearly all infrastructure development plans, including the ones noted above, will be executed through the PPP model. The expanded role of the private sector in nation-building is a positive step that will help to ensure quality in future infrastructure development. The limited contribution of private investment in infrastructure development was also acknowledged in the Budget speech, and it is expected that increased public capital deployment will help achieve the goal of creating a virtuous investment cycle by pump priming private investment in infrastructure. The government will be able to meet its capex requirements by issuing sovereign green bonds to support the development of green infrastructure in public sector projects, which will also result in the inclusion of green assets in the National Infrastructure Pipeline. The holy trinity of India's infrastructure development efforts will be higher capex, the National Infrastructure Pipeline, and the PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan, which will ensure coordinated and timely project delivery.

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Union Budget 2022

Union Budget

The budget's sustained focus on supply-side reforms, while maintaining the infrastructure sector as its cornerstone, would work as a growth booster for the Indian economy, bringing it one step closer to its objective of becoming a $5 trillion economy. A careful and timely implementation of the praiseworthy Budget promises would not only result in the development of world-class contemporary infrastructure, but also provide job possibilities for India's youth. This macroeconomic expansion, combined with a microeconomic focus on welfare, would undoubtedly set the Indian economy on a path to long-term, sustainable growth. The Union government has reaffirmed its commitment to using infrastructure as a force multiplier for sustainable economic growth in Budget 2022–23, with a budgeted infrastructure investment of over Rs 10 lakh crore and a capex increase of over 35% y-o-y. One of the primary focus areas in infrastructure is using multimodal transportation infrastructure to minimise logistics costs and improve India's overall competitiveness. Similarly, the budget has emphasised the importance of collaboration across several ministries/agencies in order to identify and complete important projects on time. The Gati Shakti initiative, which is one of the centrepieces of Budget 2022–23, would solve both of these issues. Gati Shakti will be built on digital technologies, including GIS. To promote regulatory and operational simplification, the budget proposes a unified logistics interface platform for data interchange among multiple operators via APIs. Roads and railways have seen a large increase in outlays, with a year-on-year increase of more than 50%. Over the next three years, 100 PM Gati Shakti Cargo Terminals are envisioned as part of the rail connection. Similarly, it is planned to expand the national highway network by 25,000 kilometres

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this year, which is roughly double the maximum accomplished in any of the previous five years.The proposed budget for urban infrastructure, housing, and ports has been kept at FY2021–22 levels, with the Jal Jeevan Mission budget being increased by 20%. Let us now turn our attention to financing, which is addressed individually in the budget paper. With a total investment of Rs 111 lakh crore planned for the National Infrastructure Pipeline (2020–25), the target yearly investment is between Rs 20–22 lakh crore. The fiscal commitment of Rs 10-11 lakh crore reflects the Centre's 45 percent share of total infrastructure investments. The balance is expected to be made up of state governments and non-budgetary sources (banks and financial institutions), as well as private investment. In areas where state governments have control, such as urban infrastructure, irrigation, health, and education, state governments are likely to play a stronger role. The budget has boosted the spending for "State Government Support for Capital Expenditure" from Rs 15,000 crore in 2021-22 to Rs 1 lakh crore in 2022-23 to incentivize them to improve infrastructure in these areas. This money would be handed to the states in the form of a 50-year interest-free loan, on top of the concessional financing already in place for Atmanirbhar Bharat reforms, asset monetisation, and other initiatives. On the subject of private investments, a number of initiatives have already been implemented, including public-private partnerships, asset monetisation, the establishment of the National Bank for Infrastructure and Development (NABFID) as a development finance institution, and tax breaks for foreign pension and sovereign wealth funds. Green bonds and thematic funds utilising blended finance for supporting sunrise areas including deep tech, climate action, pharma, agri-tech, and others are also highlighted in the budget. RM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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Power Factor Correction

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POWER FACTOR CORRECTION: COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS Global Power Factor Correction Device Market research analyzes top players in the key regions like North America, South America, Middle East and Africa, Asia and Pacific region. It delivers insight and expert analysis into key consumer trends and behavior in market place, In addition to an overview of the market data and key brands. It also provides all data with easily digestible information to guide every businessman’s future innovation and move business ahead. Power factor correction devices are also known as power saver devices. It is connected to the mains of the electrical system for improving the power factor measurement taken using an electricity meter. Power factor correction devices measure how efficiently power is consumed. However, the utility bill based on real power is not affected by power factor correction devices, but it is useful for industrial users where the power charges are based on PFC rather than real power. Ideally, power factor will be unity (1 i.e. 100%), when the current and voltage simultaneously achieves maxima, but due to highly inductive load/devices in the real world it is reduced to 0.7 or less. The capacity of a circuit performance at a particular time is real power. It is observed that load/ device with a low power factor takes

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more current than high-power factor devices in the electrical system for the same amount of power transferred. However, energy loss is also more in the distribution of higher current in the system.

GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE OF PFC

The global Power Factor Correction Equipment market was valued at USD million in 2020 and it is expected to reach USD million by the end of 2027, growing at a CAGR of % during 2021-2027. The detailed information is based on current trends and historic milestones. This section also provides an analysis of the volume of production about the global market and about each type from 2016 to 2027. This section mentions the volume of production by region from 2016 to 2027. Pricing analysis is included in the report according to each type from the year 2016 to 2027, manufacturer from 2016 to 2021, region from 2016 to 2021, and global price from 2016 to 2027. A thorough evaluation of the restrains included in the report portrays the contrast to drivers and gives room for strategic planning. Factors that overshadow the market growth are pivotal as they can be understood to devise different bends for getting hold of the lucrative opportunities that are present in the ever-growing market.

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Industry Focus

POWER FACTOR CORRECTION EQUIPMENT MARKET SIZE BY TYPES: • • • •

Power Capacitor AC Reactor Active Power Filter Others

Power Factor Correction

POWER FACTOR CORRECTION EQUIPMENT MARKET SIZE BY APPLICATIONS:

• Commercial Utility • Industrial Utility • Public Power Supply The power factor refers to the relationship between the effective power and the total power consumption (apparent power), that is, the ratio of the effective power divided by the total power consumption (apparent power). Basically, the power factor can measure the degree to which power is effectively utilized. When the power factor value is larger, it represents the higher the power utilization rate. The phase difference between the current and the voltage causes a loss of switching power, and the PFC circuit is required to increase the power factor. The Power Factor Correction Device market revenue was Million USD in 2019, and will reach Million USD in 2025, with a CAGR of % during 2020-2025. Under COVID-19 outbreak globally, this report provides 360 degrees of analysis from supply chain, import and export control to regional government policy and future influence on the industry. Detailed analysis about market status (2015-2020), enterprise competition pattern, advantages and disadvantages of enterprise products, industry development trends (2020-2025), regional industrial layout characteristics and macroeconomic policies, industrial policy has also been included. From raw materials to end users of this industry are analyzed scientifically, the trends of product circulation and sales channel will be presented as well. Considering COVID-19, this report provides comprehensive and in-depth analysis on how the epidemic push this industry transformation and reform.

MAJOR PLAYERS IN PFC

The research covers the current Power Factor Correction Devices market size of the market and its growth rates based on 5-year records with company outline of key players/manufacturers: • Mitsubishi Electric Corporation • Siemens AG • Schneider Electric • ABB • Eaton • LARSEN and TOUBRO LIMITED

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• Cgglobal • Toshiba Corporation Based on region, the market is segmented into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America and Middle East & Africa (MEA). North America region is further bifurcated into countries such as U.S., and Canada. The Europe region is further categorized into U.K., France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Russia, and Rest of Europe. Asia Pacific is further segmented into China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia, South East Asia, and Rest of Asia Pacific. Latin America region is further segmented into Brazil, Mexico, and Rest of Latin America, and the MEA region is further divided into GCC, Turkey, South Africa, and Rest of MEA. Power Factor is a measure of how effectively the site uses its electricity supply. Power factor is the ratio of real power (kW) which is actually consumed by the equipment, to apparent power which is what must be supplied by the network. Raw Materials are important component, occupying for the most proportion of cost. It’s important and necessary to attach importance to raw materials sourcing. In general, the raw materials need to outsourcing, and the price, on-time rate and quality are very key indicators, to keep competitive market position, to maximize the profit. Actually, the price, on-time rate or quality, is just one of key factors to influence on the supply capacity and competitiveness. The lowest total production cost is the total index to maximize the profit.

SCOPE OF THE POWER FACTOR CORRECTION DEVICES MARKET The Global Power Factor Correction Devices market size is projected to reach USD 2335.7 million by 2026, from USD 1752.9 million in 2020, at a CAGR of 4.9% during 2022-2026.

EXTRA MARKET COVERAGE

Stacker Truck Market : According to assessment, the Stacker Truck market is projected to witness growth over 6% to 8% CAGR during the assessment period of 2021 to 2031. Grease Pump Market : Grease Pump Market By Product Type (Hand (Manual) Type, Pneumatic, Hydraulic, Electric Power), Pump Type (Centrifugal Pumps, Rotary Piston Pumps, Air Operated Diaphragm Pump, Peristaltic Pump) & Region – Forecast to 2021 – 2031 Robot Pedestal Market : According to latest research estimates, Robot Pedestal Market is set to witness healthy growth during 2021-2031 with a projected CAGR of 8-9%. Demand for Robot Pedestal will witness steady recovery in short-term, with optimistic growth outlook in the long-run. EM

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

ase Study of the Month

Er. P.K.Pattanaik, is presently working with OPTCL as General Manager, EHT (O&M) Circle Bhubaneswar - Odisha and associated with the Protection and Control schemes of Electrical systems. Having 29 years of technical experience on various HT and EHT voltage level in the field of transmission sector. Specialization on the development technoeconomical design of protection control schemes for system development and planning. At present involved with various on-going projects on GIS, SAS and updated Remote SCADA control stations of OPTCL. Published 105 technical papers in National and International arena and is a regular contributor to the National journals like Electrical Mirror, Electrical India, CBIP journal and IEEMA journal and author of many technical books. Also Awarded in various arena on National level. He is also the coordinator of a Nationwide Power Engineers’ Technical Group named “SPARK- Ignited to share” consisting of Senior Electrical Engineers from different parts of the country. ele.pkpattanaik@optcl.co.in

1. Introduction:

For the last few months, the response of the readers to the case studies on various incidents is overwhelming. Hence this month we are again choosing the write up on similar kind of studies for developing the synchronization of practical observation to the theoretical concepts. The analysis of each incident being supported by actual observations had been described during the situation to add awareness amongst the operation, testing and commissioning engineers to know the cause of problems and be helpful for easy rectification of the problems. This can also help to develop economic schemes for the smooth running of the operation and control system in the Grid Sub-Station.

2.1. Abnormal LBB Tripping:

At one of the 220/132Kv Grid Sub-Station, Fault on DEAD CIRCUIT (Shut Down Circuit) resulted with LBB initiation and tripping of all the breakers on the connected BUS. Observations: 1. One of the 220KV circuit was under shutdown at the Grid Sub-Station. 2. This Shutdown line was connected between two interconnected stations and fed through one of the circuit from the available DC (Double circuit) Tower system 56

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VARIOUS CASE STUDIES ON OPERATION AND CONTROL SCHEMES FOR GRID SUB-STATION Contd…. 3. The other circuit of this DC tower was in service and feeding the Power from one station to the other. 4. The Earth switch of the shutdown line was closed at one end (Say Station A) and the other end Earth switch was OPEN (Say Station B). 5. The closed Earth switch of the Shutdown feeder was having CT on the Line side. 6. There had been a fault on this tower line (Lightning strike) at around 15.8Kms away from the Total line length of 125Km. (Refer Fig 2.1.1) 7. The fault was recorded by the in-service line at Station A as Zone-1 Fault on R phase to ground and Zone-2 at the Station B. 8. But with of strange incident, it was observed with Fault on the DEAD LINE also (Shutdown Line) with Y Phase to Ground at Station A (Where the earth switch was in CLOSED condition).

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3. The isolator logic was changed with BLOCKING of the tripping in case of ambiguity status with alarm indication for the operator to attend the problem. 4. The integration of LBB scheme was taken with Bus bar scheme and the CU was assigned for the decision to the tripping of the system. 5. The COMMON BUS trip logic was also changed to individual LOCKOUT Relay (96) for defined tripping of the involved bus breakers. 6. The system was taken into service OK TECHNICAL ANALYSIS 1. In this incident few peculiarities had been resulted as follows a. TRIPPING COMMAND to the DEAD SHUTDOWN line due to current flow in the CT b. Distance Protection tripping of DEAD LINE with ZONE-1 fault though current was to towards BUS, as Earth switch was closed keeping CT in the line. c. BLACK OUT of the station A due to tripping of all other breakers. 2. Tripping COMMAND for the DEAD Circuit: a. In this situation out of both circuit, circuit-1 was in service and circuit-2 was dead. But at the time of lightening, might be due to poor TFR (Tower footing Resistance), BLACK FLASH had been resulted with the R phase insulator string of circuit-1 and Y phase insulator string of circuit-2. b. Just after dyeing down of lightening effect and due flashing across the R phase insulator of circuit-1 and Y phase insulator of circuit-2, the available supply on circuit-1 from both side now contribute the fault current through R phase string and Y phase string. c. But circuit 2 was connected with EARTH switch being CLOSED at Station A before the CT. So current rushed through the CT and passed through the closed Earth Switch. Refer Fig 2.1.2.

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9. This incident of DEAD line Fault indication was the surprise, as this line was in dis-connection from supply BUS from both end. 10. This Shutdown line was connected with secondary voltage from BUS PT supply by the PT selection relay as per the selection of isolator. 11. The BUS arrangement at station A was of TWO main bus with transfer arrangement. 12. On this day and in this situation the secondary status of the BUS-1 isolator of this feeder was in closed condition and BUS-2 isolator was in ambiguity situation (Neither in OPEN nor CLOSE). 13. So, due to this surprise fault current on shutdown feeder and availability of BUS PT supply, issued trip command to the OPEN Breaker by the actuation of Lockout relay 86. 14. So, the LBB feature on this feeder actuated (due to the condition of 86 operated, availability of fault current and elapse of threshold time). Simultaneously this issued command to the central unit of the Bus bar protection scheme and accordingly as per ZONE, the other connected breakers in this station tripped. 15. Because of this abnormal tripping, both the BUS connected breakers tripped and resulted with TOTAL BLACKOUT of the station. Action Taken: 1. The logic provided with LBB relay was checked and found with the followings. a. External initiation with condition of 86 operated, availability of fault current and elapse of threshold time. b. The RETRIP feature on this was also checked and found with NON ADOPTION of this feature. c. The BACK TRIP was direct after initiation of LBB scheme. d. The threshold timing was of 200 msec. 2. On reviewing the above logic, it was planned/adopted with new addition/extra logic as follows a. The RETRIP functionality was added with logic of (Breaker status, Threshold time and availability of certain elapse time). (Ref Fig 2.4.2) b. This time the RETRIP was issued from the CU (Central unit) through BU (Bay Unit) to the affected breaker allowing the second attempt of tripping, if so tripped then LBB being the intermittent interruption used to save the system avoiding unnecessary outage. c. In case of the condition as available, the BACK TRIP to cause after elapse of certain timing and tripping of ZONE breakers as selected by BUS BAR SCHEME.

d. Because of this current availability in the Dead circuit CT and due to availability of PT supply, DP relay operated issuing the command to the OPEN breaker. 3. DP tripping on ZONE-1 though current in reverse direction: || February 2022 ||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Case Study

a. Here current recorded in Y phase CT, but its actual current phase is R phase as this is the extended current from the available supply of circuit 1. b. So its current shall be treated as R phase current in REVERSE Direction and positioned at the Y phase slot in the relay. c. So, in the DP measurement for fault loop shall be considered with VYN voltage and reverse R phase positioned at Y slot (Refer Fig 2.1.3.A and 2.1.3.B). d. Now this measurement got polarized as FORWARD ZONE for the DP relay on Circuit 2 at Station A.

4. BLACKOUT of Station A due to tripping of all breakers. a. As already mentioned that, this station has LBB scheme integrated with BUS BAR system. (Refer the LOGIC Diagram Fig 2.1.4)

Fig 2.2.1 Damage at PG strand

2. This Line was connected with Double jumpers and both the jumpers had been placed with connection of PG clamps 3. The actual jumper cone had been damaged, for which PG clamp was put in the system. 4. But the workmanship of putting the PG clamp was not to the mark due to intermittent gap in the overlapping groove of the PG clamp as seen from the fig 2.2.1. 5. The other similar type case with use of PG clamp and damage of strands has been shown in fig 2.2.2. 6. Moreover, both the PG Clamps were put nearby as shown here (Fig 2.2.1) , over the twisted conductor strands.

Fig. 2.2.2. Damage Strand at PG Clamp point

b. On the day of this incident, the LBB feature got initiated by the relay on the shutdown feeder due to flow of abnormal current. c. So, the actuation of all the breakers on BUS-1, caused outage of BUS-1 system. d. But due to ambiguity isolator position, the other healthy BUS also got tripped and resulted with SYSTEM BLACKOUT.

2.2. Damage of Main Conductor:

During Line Patrolling it was observed with damage of Main conductor strands of the 132KV Line conductor. Detail Observation: 1. During Annual Tower climbing detail observation works, it was found with damage of few strands of the main conductor at the mouth of the PG clamp as like shown 58

in the fig 2.2.1, Fig 2.2.2

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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Action Taken: 1. The Conductor was replaced with the new one on the allotted span. 2. Use of PG clamp was avoided. The actual Jumper cone was used for jumpering the line. Technical Analysis: 1. PG clamp manufacturing and finishing of the product depends upon the format used in the manufacturing site. Sometimes due to improper pouring of the slag and availability of foreign impurities result with issues on the overlapping groove. 2. Due to this defect, the upper grip may not hold the lower one and during tightening of the bolts, if the work person does not do the correct tightening work, then its impact shall be on the strands of the conductor. 3. Moreover, due to environmental factors like abnormal seasonal heating and cooling may cause deterioration. 4. The deposition of water/moisture drops, dusts etc.. may ||www.electricalmirror.net||

cause rusting and cutting of the strands as like happened here. 5. Then during current flow, this damage becomes more, resulting with gradual failure. But in this case the string has not failed due to internal Steel wire strength as this conductor was of ACSR Panther type. Recommendations: Avoid using PG CLAMP in Transmission line conductor as far as possible.

8. The other L pad and jumper cone connection was also checked, found in order with neither any scar nor any damage. 9. But it was advised for connection of the heakthy jumper cone towards insulator side, in stead towards conductor. (As shown in fig 2.3.3).

2.3. Damage of L pad Clamp:

In one of the 400KV transmission Line , at one location , it was observed with damage of the L pad on the conductor string. Observations: 1. This was 400Kv DC ( Double circuit ) transmission line tower with stringing of TWIN MOOSE ACSR conductor. 2. At one of the tensionTower, it was found with damage of the L pad at the hardware portion. 3. This was pointed out during the Binocular vision patrolling of the line. 4. So it was decided for the actual verification of the issue. 5. On availing shutdown and climbing on the tower, it was found with crack of the L pad and damage of maximum portion across with the pad. 6. So, the L pad was knowingly dis-connected from the system for rectification. ( Ref Fig 2.3.1)

Fig 2.3.1. damaged L pad

7. This time, for quick and temporary repair, PG clamp was used, till next action of replacement of the total conductor. ( Ref Fig 2.3.2)

Fig 2.3.2. damaged L pad and new connection

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Fig 2.3.3. Connection of Cone towards insulator side

Technical Analysis 1. The damaged piece of L pad was thoroughly checked and found with rust scar on the pad as like shown in the fig 2.3.1. 2. This was analysed and confirmed from the workmen on replacement job that the Jumper cone hole and Pad clamp hole was not in matching state. 3. So during the commissioning stringing time, the construction team had connected the bolts with only with TWO matched HOLES, keeping other TWO holes’ blank. 4. Due to this mismatch and improper contact surface, during load flow situation, the contact surface was resulting with heat and spark. 5. Then due to mechanical load tension and wind flow situation, the crack has developed on the L pad.

Recommendation:

1. Always use proper L pad and jumper cone with matching hole. Don’t let any holes’ blank during connection. 2. If possible, allow jumper cone to rest on the L pad. Allow Jumper cone fitting towards insulator instead Conductor hardware side as like symbolic fig shown (Fig 2.3.4) RM

Fig 2.3.4 Correct fixing of Jumper Cone || February 2022 ||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Transformers

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

|| February 2022 ||

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Electric grid, identifying the challenges and the opportunities that led us to create one of the next-generation technologies Abstract Global Transformer Market Overview According to a recent market research report, the global Power Transformer (PT) market is exp’ to surpass $35 bn by 2024. Key market driver is the ongoing expansion of utility aided T&Dn/w’s to sustain the growing energy demand across the globe, as well as rising invest’s to refurbish the existing grid infra’ across developed regions & increasing demand for rural electrification across emerging electricity markets. Energy efficiency measures & expansion of smart-grid n/w’s will further accelerate the product penetration. Global PT market is exp’ to surpass $35 bn by 2024. In 2017, in compliance to the smart grid agreement, Sweden, France, Germany, Italy &UK proposed invest’s worth $133.7 bn with an aim to sustain the rapid smart grid adoption across the region, according to the report. Future Growth The government’s commitment of 24/7 power supply will see spike in

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demand for transformers. Further, the target of generation of 175 GW of renewable power generation will generate significant demand. Focus of government on railway electrification will lead to demand of electricity and transmission products including transformers. Metros, dedicated freight corridors, high speed and semi high-speed rail continue to drive the demand further in the transportation sector. With more and smarter cities projects coming up for implementation, the requirements for dry and distribution transformers will surge. Many of the MNCs are now putting up or expanding the data centre capacities in India, a trend which was in vogue in the US for last few years. According to Sethi from ABB India, the aforementioned demand drivers have the potential to drive transformer industry growth in: • Large power transformers & reactors for generation plants & power evacuation and grid integration packages on tariff

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Transformer

Industry Feature

based competitive bid route. • Requirements from the State Transmission Utilities (STUs) and Central Transmission Utility (CTU) for 765 kV & 400 kV transformer & reactors – for grid interconnection. • Power transformers up to 220 kV from state transmission utilities, renewable projects (wind & solar) and transport industry (railways, metros and freight corridors) • The distribution segment will see growth mainly from government initiatives such as power for all, metro projects, smart cities, data centers, wind power generation. M Vijayakumaran from Prime Meiden expects that the electricity demand will continue to increase because of expansion of commercial and industrial establishment, and increased use of electrical appliances. The development of new power infrastructure and overhauling of existing one will also boost the demand for transformers. The power-starved countries in Africa, south America and ASEAN region are focusing on constructing power generation facilities in coming years. The developed countries are having over aged transformers which will have to phased out one after another by new transformers. With electricity being a key element in the economic growth of the country, distribution transformers play a very important and vital role in delivering electricity to every corner of India. Atul Agrawal from Uttam (Bharat) Electricals states, “Distribution Transformers are key assets for any distribution network. It has been observed that the demand for distribution transformers are majorly taken care by the domestic industry players and the import of transformers is very marginal or project specific. With industry dominated by unorganised players which are spread all over India on one hand and organised players on the other, both segments are parallelly working towards meeting the demand within India and abroad. The transformers produced in India have been brought under mandatory BIS certification, resulting in standardisation of the product, which has resulted in improvement of quality and reduction of failure of transformers. The distribution transformers have also been brought under mandatory BEE star labelling scheme which has resulted in the use of modern technology in manufacturing energy efficient transformers. “Replacement of old transformers with energy efficient ones will keep the momentum of up demand for transformers in the country,”. By region, Asia Pacific excluding Japan is exp’ to show high potential for the growth of T/R monitoring systems & is est’ to be worth about $1.2 bn by the end of 2027.Key driving

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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factors for the growth of the market are the increasing demand for renewable invest’ &smart grid initiatives, while the restraining factor is cost barriers. Global T/R testing equipment market is exp’ to grow during 2017-27 due to the growing demand for safe & continuous T/R of electricity from the power generation plants to the end users & for this purpose, T/Rs are tested continuously in real time. Increasing energy demands lead to the growth of generation of electrical energy from both non-renewable & renewable sources, which leads to higher installations of PTs in the global market? This will accelerate the growth of T/R testing equipment market. Countries of APEJ such as India & China have registered higher demands for energy, which drives the growth of T/R testing equipment market in the region. Global HVDC converter station market is exp’ to grow from an est’ value of $7.9 bn in 2017 to $11.57 bn by 2022.Key factors contributing to the market growth is the increasing req’ for cost-effective solutions for bulk power transfer & increasing need for connecting asynchronous grids, which has driven a rapid adoption of HVDC in Europe & Asia Pacific, creating new market opportunities. >2,000 MW seg’ is projected to grow at the highest CAGR during, as the major problem faced by large economies such as India & China is to ensure efficient transfer of bulk electricity over long distances while maintaining the national electricity grid without any disturbance. Hence, many projects in the countries are developed in UHVDC. Europe market is exp’ to dominate the global HVDC converter station market, with the highest share as the major economies in the region such as the UK, Germany &France are developing inter linkage links b/w

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of the large PT seg’ is higher & is due to the increase in HVDC T/R projects mainly in the Asia-Pacific region. HVDC, EHV & UHV projects being undertaken for reducing T/R losses during T/R over large distances is the major growth driver of the large PT market. Industry has been going through technological evolution & now the focus is on raising energy efficiency, given the urgency to fight climate change. ITMA has been working with govt’ to usher in technological changes & globally acceptable energy efficiency norms. Indian T/R industry has been stagnant over the past 1-2 years due to slowdown in projects both in the power T&D sectors. In addition, ambiguity around GST rates for capital goods products has added further to the business slowdown. It has also been observed that the no of projects, especially in the T/R sector which have been initiated have been put on hold due to delay in approvals & lack of funds. Currently govt’ is taking major steps to strengthen the power T&Dn/w’. Both power as well as distribution n/w’ is getting strengthened across the country. Govt’ initiatives like DDUGJY, IPDS & growing FDI in power industry are few growth drivers in the industry. Further, govt’ has projected an invest’ of INR 146,000 Cr. in the country’s T/R sector by FY 2019 which is bound to result in giving boost to demand for DTs& PTs. Mainly govt’ has undertaken initiatives such as UDAY for financial turn-around of discoms who are one of the main end users for the industry. With implementation of UDAY & other discom schemes there is a huge acceleration of infrastructural amendment in India. Moreover, discoms are instructed to reduce losses to the tune of 10-12% which means they must go for efficient T/Rs thereby influencing invitation for bids for refurbishment & up-gradation of existing T&D n/w’. Also, a recent BIS circulation has issued strict norms on T/R losses. It is exp’ that in next 3 years’ time discoms will have to replace all existing T/Rs with level 3 T/Rs (5-Star Rated T/Rs). T/R manufacturers must manufacture & supply these new T/Rs in millions to the discoms in a max 3-year period. Demand from these schemes is exp’ to continue & in addition new schemes such as Saubhagya scheme which aims to provide last mile connectivity to rural consumers should increase future demand. Infra’ seg’s are witnessing increase in demand for DTs & increased govt’ spending in this seg’ is set to drive demand in future. Additionally, intra-state T/R projects (<=400 kV) are exp’ to drive demand for PTs. State TRANSCOS will majorly drive this demand & float new T/R projects through the TBCB model. PGCIL, which is mainly into executing & implementing interstate projects, is planning to aggressively enter intrastate projects by forming JV’s with state utilities. PTs hence also need replacement/ relocation || February 2022 ||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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countries to maintain power efficiency. Transformer Industry in India Increasing population along with increase in industrialization & urbanization led to increase in capacity utilization across sectors resulting in a surge in demand for power in India. Today through reforms such as ‘Power for all’, govt’ plans to add 93 GW by 2022, that requires a sound power sully infra’ base in the country which is set to fuel the demand for power T&D equipment. Backed by govt’s on-going reform & financial restructuring drive in the energy sector, the country is now witnessing fiscal discipline in utilities, sufficient coal availability & an unprecedented growth in the green energy market. Hence, because of these initiatives Indian PT & DT market is exp’ to witness sig’ growth over the coming years. Indian PT & DT industry is going to increase by > 10% CAGR in the next 5 years & the market is forecasted to reach $2.9 bn by 2022.Indian T/R industry has since its inception grown considerably. T/R manufacturers have also matured & demonstrated noteworthy technological advancements in recent years by developing T/Rs upto 1,200 KV ratings. Today, India’s domestic T/R market is valued at Rs 14kCr. in which PTs account for 45% while DTs make up the remaining share of 55%. As there is a demand upswing for reliable power in the country, the T/Rs market is witnessing a growth trend. T/R industry which had more than doubled its capacity over the past years anticipating huge domestic & overseas demand was witnessing the situation of overcapacity. Yet, with a shift in govt’’s focus to strengthen the power T&D system has unleashed abundant opportunities for the PT & DT market. Even though market size of the medium PT seg’ is large, yet the growth

Transformer

Industry Feature

to less populated demand centre. Most of the solar power generation built last year is now almost connected to the national grid & often throwing huge power flow in the cycle which is meeting country 23% power demand in few demand centers during peak hours. Solar boom has crashed a new demand of Inverter duty special T/Rs. Widespread scenarios suggest an optimistic growth potential within the organized sector of the industry as only efficient & quality focused org’ can be benefited from such drivers. Despite the recent slowdown, Indian T/R industry will benefit from the strong demand exp’ from govt’ programs & invest’s that support the growth of the T&D grids. As govt’ aims to increase the RE generation capacity to 175 GW by 2022&to have RE account for 40% of installed capacity by 2040.In this scenario, solar T/Rs are exp’ to see a sharp rise in demand. New hope of revival in the Industry T/R Industry is one of the key seg’s of the ‘Electrical’ capital goods industry. It is also considered as the bell weather industry for many other Electrical products markets such as Capacitors, Switchgears & Insulators etc. So, from an Electrical industry perspective, it is very imp’ to assess the state of the T/R industry for one to get a sense of the overall Electrical Products market. T/R industry in India is a highly fragmented industry with over 250+ players & the industry est’s from various bodies & experts put this est’ to be around 300-400 players. Over 250+ players to be active in this industry. It is est’ that the industry capacity in India is est’ to be over 1000 GVA.It has been under a rough weather over the last 2 years with demand stagnation in India. It is est’ to be stagnating b/w 250,000-280,000 MVA for the last 2 years & recently showing some signs of growth. In terms of sales by products, the PTs in MVA terms is clearly over 70% of this market while Distribution T/Rs account for > 30% of the market in MVA terms but could show a reverse trend when we talk in terms of no of Units. The industry is governed by mostly the Oil Filled T/R industry & Dry Type of T/Rs have not yet gained full acceptance due to their high costs. Copper windings still account for a major portion of the industry, while Aluminum windings are mostly limited to < 250 kVA levels. Due to various factors & the state of DISCOMS largely, we are still hovering around the 8 to 8.5 MVA/MW levels. Utilities demand for T/Rs is a highly imp’ one & accounts for > 90% of the industry’s output. Remaining being the Industrial req’ of T/Rs for their projects. Over the last 2 years, the lack of new T/R project orders, poor state of the DISCOMS & the tepid industrial activity had kept the industry in a low performing state with demand stagnation.

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Pervasive activities of the GoI in the Energy sector & overall positive invest’ climate has led to most players feeling more hopeful on the industry prospects. Though the actions have not led to a huge increase in order booking yet, but most industry players are seeing signs of revival & expect this to open soon. Opening of new T/R projects & the de-bottlenecking of old stuck projects has led to order wins by many firms in the recent past for the PTs. Imminent new T/R projects & the Green Energy Corridors will see more uptick in the PTSeg’ going forward. UDAY scheme &the participation of 15 states already in the program has given many players some hope that the fiscal conditions of DISCOM’s would improve & this would lead to more aggressive DTR purchases in the next few years to reduce the losses. Though GoI announced 2 major schemes of IPDS for the Urban areas & DDUGJY for the Rural areas, nothing of note till now has been seen on ground from these schemes. But, with UDAY being implemented in many states, this will provide a framework for most utilities to absorb the additional invest’s in IPDS&DDYGJY programs & implement them on the ground more effectively. Revival of invest’ in manufacturing & new CAPEX invest’s due to ‘Make in India’ has not yet happened but most industry players are cautiously optimistic about the same. Market worth Growth is due to the increase in HVDC T/R projects mainly in the Asia-Pacific region. HVDC, EHV &UHV projects being undertaken for reducing T/R losses during T/R over large distances is the major growth driver of the large PT market. PT market is projected to reach a value of US$ 29.91 bn by 2020, from an est’ US$ 20.71 bn in 2015 at a CAGR of 7.6% from 2015 to 2020. Increasing energy demand coupled with rising electrical infra’ projects would drive the demand for PTs. Apart from this, the replacement of aging infra’ in North America & Europe & increasing rate of installation of green T/Rs are driving the PT market. Although the market size of the medium PTseg’ is large, yet the growth of the large PTseg’ is higher. This is due to the increase in HVDC T/R projects mainly in the Asia-Pacific region. HVDC, EHV &UHV projects being undertaken for reducing T/R losses during T/R over large distances is the major growth driver of the large PT market. The oil-cooled PTseg’ occupies a larger market size as it is considered a safer option while handling high voltages. With increasing no of HVT/R projects being undertaken, demand for oil-cooled PTs is exp’ to be higher than air-cooled PTs. PT market is driven by increasing global energy consumption; to fulfill this, new T&D lines are being installed. Also, invest’s being made by GoI in electrical infra’ ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Transformer

Industry Feature

projects have also gone up, further aiding in the growth of the PT market. Asia-Pacific is the largest market for PTs &its demand in the region is mainly driven by extensive T&D n/w’ expansion projects in developing countries such as India & China. Indian T/R manufacturers witnessed improvement in financial performance, with moderation in raw material prices & revival in order inflows. Amidst a few early signs of revival in performance & exp’ pick-up in demand, the outlook is exp’ to be stable in near to medium term. CARE believes that planned invest’s in power sector, replacement demand, export potential & development of inter-regional capacity is likely to sustain the demand of T/Rs in near to medium term. Income of T/R manufacturers is likely to sustain in near to medium term. Further, moderation in inflation & exp’ reduction in interest rates has the potential to improve the profitability due to high working capital borrowings. It is believed that no incremental long-term debt would be raised considering the present surplus manufacturing capacity. Yet, extent of working capital borrowings would depend on timeliness of payments from state utilities & private players. Moreover, enhanced share of private sector participation would be crucial to boost execution in power generation sector which would also lead to faster roll out of T/R orders. Lastly, credit quality of Indian T/R manufacturers is exp’ to remain stable in near to medium term with a stable outlook on industry. A transformer is a static device used either for raising or lowering the voltage of an AC supply with a corresponding decrease or increase in current. By electromagnetic induction, an alternating current of one voltage is transformed to another voltage, without change of frequency. It essentially consists of two windings, the primary and secondary, wound on a common laminated magnetic core. Depending on the number of turns on each winding, transformers are classified as a step-up transformer or a step-down transformer. Step up transformer has more turnings on the secondary coil than on the primary coil and therefore the voltage induced in the secondary coil is larger than the primary coil voltage. Transformers are widely used in electrical apparatus of all kinds and in particular in power transmission and distribution. Power Transformers A Power Transformer transfers energy between high voltage and very high voltage systems, i.e. between generators and transmission systems and between transmission systems and distribution systems. Also, they are used in transmission network for stepping up or down the voltage level. It operates mainly during high or peak loads and has maximum efficiency at or near full load. A single-phase transformer is basically

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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made out of two separate windings that are inserted into each other into a closed loop of magnetic core. Moreover, the Joules heat effect is proportional to the square of the current transmitted into any ordinary conductor like transformer windings or transmission lines. Both these effects combined at constant power of elevating voltage reduce heat dissipation accordingly by the square of the current, and enable the transmission of power of alternating current and voltage over very long distances from the energy producer to the energy consumer while limiting the power losses in the grid. This is possible due to a key grid component the power transformer. Most of them are the three-phase transformers or the three single-phase transformers. Thus from these electromagnetic principles, with the voltage increase of an electrical network, the Joule losses are reduced and the two main constraints of power transformers are high voltage and high current, depending on whether the HV or LV is observed. Windings The active part of a transformer is made of the elements that are in contact with the voltage and the current, and are mainly composed of windings, core, and tap changer bushings. The windings are handmade out of copper coils insulated mainly with several layers of paper between the turns. The two main winding designs and technologies have been developed over time with many variations: the core type and the shell type windings. The electromagnetic basis remains the same in both cases but the mechanical construction is different. In the core type design, the winding is “enclosing” the magnetic core legs, while in the shell type the core is “enclosing” the windings. Every transformer manufacturer has its own experience with these technologies, neither of which is automated. The manufacturing of windings involves a lot of human labour and requires significant experience as well as application of the highest quality standards. This is because winding conductors are covered by a type of insulation such as varnish or insulating paper with a limited mechanical and thermal stability. Nevertheless, this insulation type provides protection from high over-voltages, high over-currents, short-term overheating, and high mechanical stresses in order to prevent reduction of the insulation paper durability. It must be taken into account that the winding insulation cannot be easily repaired or replaced during the service life of a transformer and rewinding has to be performed only in a specialised workshop. Core The core is an important part of a transformer and generally the heaviest one. Produced from steel, it has high magnetic permeability and provides low magnetic resistance to the ||www.electricalmirror.net||

An ISO 9001 : 2015 Company

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Transformer

Industry Feature

magnetic flux. In power transformer, the flux density is higher than the distribution transformer. It is made from thin steel sheets with the thickness of a few tenths of a mm in order to reduce losses and magnetising current. The main way to produce a core is to stack the sheets, cut to desired size, onto the automatic machines, and then manually stack them to build a core. The main core parts are the legs i.e. vertical parts, and yokes i.e. horizontal parts. The legs are mainly situated in a same plain. Most transformers have additional turns added to the HV windings and some of those turns are linked to a device called the “Tap Changer”. It enables a specific range of the voltage variation during the transformer service life. The electric circuit of the windings and the tap changer has some movable contacts. The two main types of tap changers are the De-Energised Tap Changer (DETC), mechanically quite simple type that changes the voltage while the transformer is not loaded; and the On Load Tap Changer (OLTC), a more complex type which operates when the transformer supplies the load. It should be noted that the tap changers, the OLTCs in particular, are contributing to an increasing transformer failure rate, mainly due to the movable contacts wearing over the years i.e. hot spots, aging mechanisms. Bushings The bushings are the components that link the windings to a network through the grounded tank. High voltage bushings can be technically complex and, in some cases, their failure can lead to a transformer explosion quite rapidly. This is because one of the highest voltage gradients is between the HV bushing central part at full potential, and the grounded tank at the distance of just a few centimetres. The insulating oil just below is very flammable and if the bushing is sparking, it could generate a lot of energy, open the tank slightly and then ignite the oil, which could lead to an explosion. For this reason, the HV bushing is manufactured to withstand very high voltages within a small space filled with paper and oil between the bushing and transformer tank. Insulating materials The three major insulating materials for the power transformers are: mineral oil and paper and pressboard in different forms. The mineral insulating oil is weighted in tons within the tank and can be used to assess many essential points about the condition of a transformer and some critical incipient faults. The paper insulates the winding turns, while the pressboard strengthens the electrical insulation and provides dielectric distance at specific locations, for example in the main duct between the windings. Insulating materials, such as paper, pressboard and mineral oil are organic materials subject to

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aging. As the solid insulation cannot be repaired or replaced easily like other transformer parts and components, it limits the transformer service lifetime. Therefore, the solid insulation lifetime is the lifetime of a transformer. Trends in Power Transformers Dry formers Recently, HV cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cables are used in these transformers. Dry former is an oil free HV transformer based on cable technology used in Power former. Forced-air cooled, it has innovative windings made from XLPE cables with circular conductors. The absence of oil means that there is no risk of ground or water pollution in the event of damage and a less risk of fire or explosion. Therefore, Dry former can be sited closer to the consumer, for example below ground and in urban or ecologically sensitive locations. As the electric field is fully contained within the XLPE cable and the cable surface is at ground potential, Dry former offers unique opportunities for optimising power transformer design. By using the state-of-the-art of cable technology, XLPE cable can have electric field strengths up to 15kV/mm. From a manufacturing perspective, the Dry former has the considerable advantage of having the insulation system built up at the cable factory. Gas-insulated transformers (GITs) In GITs, SF6 gas is used as insulation media with relatively low gas pressure. The principal solid insulation material for the GIT winding is polyethylene terephtalate (PET) and polyphenylene sulphide (PPS) films which are defined as class E insulating material with a temperature limit of 120 C. It has been initially specified to operate GITs, especially the gas-natural air-natural (GNAN) distribution GIT, with top gas temperature limit of 110 C instead of the maximum conventional 95 C top oil temperature for oil-immersed transformers. There have been a number of such interface problems for those heavily loaded GIT caused by gas temperatures higher than 100 C. Corresponding counter measures, such as oversizing the first section of LV bus bar, adoption of higher temperature class bushing material, and modifying clamping design to absorb higher temperature fluctuation have to be introduced. GIT have the following advantageous: Non-inflammable and non explosive, hence they are usable for multi-storeyed buildings, underground markets and other overpopulated places. Moisture resistant and dust resistant, therefore, they are unaffected by open air moisture, dust and other ambient conditions since the windings and core of these transformers are fully enclosed in mild steel box and sealed with SF6 gas. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Transformer

Industry Feature

In addition, they have easy maintenance and check because these transformers are hermetic sealed with an inert SF6 gas and materials are scarcely deteriorated. Clean as there are no contaminations to surroundings since these transformers are sealed with non-poisonous, odourless SF6 gas, even if the SF6 gas leaks unlike mineral oil-immersed transformers. Higher reliability with simple internal structure. Better compatibility with gas-insulated switchgear (GIS). GIT with on load tap changer (OLTC) used to be the most vulnerable part of any power transformer from electrical and mechanical points of view. In line with the use of SF6 gas as insulation media, vacuum switch type OLTC is installed for transmission GIT at 30 MVA and above. These vacuum switches housed inside the gas chamber are used as diverter switches and no arcing product can be possibly produced. Such OLTC is basically maintenance free. In the extreme case when OLTC malfunction due to mechanical defect or connection problem, the damage will be minimal. GIT turn out to be cheaper than oil immersed transformers when maintenance costs are considered. Power-distribution transformers have a high recycling value because they can be easily disassembled and their chief constituents, which are high-purity steel, aluminium and copper, can be recycled indefinitely. GIT are far more easily recycled than oil-immersed types. Distribution Transformers Distribution transformers are units of electric power systems, in which electricity is transformed from the voltage level 1 – 50 kV to the voltage level 120 V + 1 kV, in dependence

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on consumer’s needs. Energy efficiency of distribution transformers is very high, typically ranging between 96 per cent and 99 per cent. However, due to a large number of distribution transformers in electric power system and their long lifetime (30 – 40 years), even small improvement in the efficiency of these units could result in significant energy savings. These issues are important both from economic and ecological viewpoints. Increase of energy efficiency of distribution transformers could be obtained reducing three types of transformer losses: No-load loss (iron or core loss) can be reduced by improvement in design and assembling processes or in magnetic properties of material core, Load loss (copper loss) can be reduced increasing the crosssection of the windings, Cooling loss can be reduced by decrease of other types of transformer losses. Further increase in transformer efficiency is possible to reach by replacement silicon steel cores with new types of magnetic core materials, e.g. amorphous ribbons. These materials are produced by rapid solidification of a liquid alloy, what gives specific magnetic properties, especially very low energy loss. However, these materials have quite low saturation induction and they are thermal unstable. Experiment to address new grid management challenges Drawing attention on the changing scenario, Pedro Puente, R&D Director at Prolec GE, said, “After all the research, development and thorough testing, the new flexible transformer technology has begun a field validation to authenticate its performance and demonstrate how this technology could lead to a major grid management change. It is exciting for us to participate in the transformation of the nation’s electric grid, identifying the challenges and the opportunities that led us to create one of the next-generation technologies for the efficient, resilient, and reliable delivery of electricity. The innovative flexible impedance technology has been successfully patented.” The timely action As Ndiaye pointed out, the introduction of new transformer technologies is coming at a pivotal time for the (US) nation’s grid infrastructure. Today, more than 70% of the U.S installed large transformer base (>60MVA) is 25-years or older, with around 15% exceeding the average life expectancy of 40 years. Gradual replacement of the existing fleet with more flexible power transformer solutions would greatly expand the grid capacity and accommodate more renewable resources and highly variable loads. RM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Stamping & Lamination

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|| February 2022 ||

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India are looking forward to making their setups as manufacturing base for supplying to other countries Fibre metal laminates (FMLs), as a class of hybrid material taking advantages of both metals and composites, have shown great promise as lightweight structural materials in the transportation industry. Accordingly, manufacturing technologies of FMLs are attracting increasing research interests. This review emphasises the developing technologies of forming FML components, with other aspects related to FML materials being briefly introduced. First, we provide an overall review of the historical background and recent developments of FMLs, their classifications, sheet fabrication processes, and their advantages and disadvantages. Then, various forming technologies are introduced in detail, with a particular focus on stamp forming, which is considered to be the most promising approach for the high-volume production of complexshaped FML components. Furthermore, the deformation modes and defects in forming FMLs are analysed and the challenges encountered in the existing research are thoroughly discussed. Finally, studies on modelling and

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process simulation of forming FMLs are reviewed and discussed. Based on the comprehensive appraisal of various aspects, current research progress and challenges related to FMLs and their forming technologies are summarised and an outlook of further developments is discussed. Market Drivers & Challenges Spending on Power T&D infra. is expected to boost demand for T/R’s. RGGVY scheme to improve rural electricity infra. & rural household electrification. The electrification drive is expected to provide impetus to demand for distribution T/Rs. Increasing focus on Rural Electrification APDRP 1-2 in order to minimize AT&C losses at the distribution level & improve the financial health of the SEBs. Industrial sector growth, replacement of ageing equips. These reforms are expected to sig. affect demand for T/Rs over the next 4-5 years. Inadequate supply of prime quality CRGO steel is the biggest challenge in the country. CRGO req. is completely met through imports; it is in fact challenging to assess true quality of the material that is used by the

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Stamping & Lamination

Industry Theme

T/R manufacturers. India needs 2.5 lakh T of CRGO every year & an appalling 70% of this is scrap grade material. Failure rate of T/Rs – High failure rate of DTs, is a big concern for the T/R industry in India. Avg. operational life of a T/R is b/w 25-30 years; Yet, T/Rs are known to be recalled for repair in as early as 3 years. Failure rate of DTs in India is est. at 10-15%. This is due to the low entry barriers in the DTs market leading to unorganized players entering the market, & competing on the price factor. SEBs historically follows L1 vendor selection criteria, which has led to proliferation of many small players that compromise on quality of T/Rs manufactured. Poor financial Condition of SEBs has restricted pvt. invest. in the power T&D sector, thereby reducing the quality of service from SEBs. Which, in turn, is affecting the capacity building program & transmission of power? The growth in testing infra. has not kept pace with that of production, both, quantitatively & qualitatively. Testing infra. available at India's premier agency, the CPRI is proving short of demand. Manufacturers of large power T/ Rs at times need to send their equip. for testing to overseas facilities like KERI & KEMA which is expensive. Apart from this, huge logistical costs & lead times are also involved. Development, Physical properties & Application of CRGO & CRNGO In recent years, as an aspect of global trend towards energy consumption & preservation of the environment, reduction of electrical consumption has become an extremely essential affair. Due to such global movement of environmental protection, energy saving & noise reduction have been req. for T/Rs, leading to a demand for lower core loss & lower magnetostriction material. Si steel is a soft magnetic material mainly used for T/R cores. It is a material of prime importance in the electrical industry & is been consumed in hundreds of thousands of tons every year. Pure iron has exceptional magnetic properties. One of the properties is its very high saturation magnetization. Pure Iron is, yet not used for electrical applications, instead electrical steels are used in many engineering applications. Electrical steels are also absolutely needed for the electrical power industry, as there are no obvious cost-effective alternative materials available. Most electrical steels are Fe alloys with characteristic alloying additions. Most important alloying elements are Si & Al. Both are strong ferrite-stabilizing elements & their addition may limit the austenite phase stability to the extent that is not present during heat treatment. Currently, India consumes about 2.5 lakh MT PA of CRGO

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electrical steel & with the growth in demand of transformation capacity the consumption is est. to be 11.5 &13.5 Lakh MT resp. during the XIIth & XIIIth plan period. Against this demand, only SAIL-RSP & Raymond steel has CRGO Production facilities. SAIL produced a small quantity in early 1990s&thereafter discontinued CRGO production. Only 5 global steel makers have the tech. to produce such steel, which India imports around USD 2 bn annually. Plan to produce CRGO has been with steel ministry for quite some time. NML & Tata Steel's proposal for development of CRGO steel in the country through a pilot plant setup at a cost of Rs 500 Cr. is set to take off soon. NML & Tata Steel would set up a pilot plant having a capacity of 3-5 T in Jamshedpur. The 2 will give Rs 170 Cr. each to the project & balance is likely to be funded by the Steel Ministry for procuring plant equip. The Working Group on Steel Industry for XIIth FYP in its report had recommended inclusion of development of CRGO steel as a high value project of national importance. It had also suggested a budgetary allocation of Rs 150 Cr. for research on CRGO development during the XIIth FYP period. There are a couple of public sector CoS including JSW Steel, that have already announced plans to produce CRGO through JV mode, but production from them will take some time to start. Public sector units – SAIL & RINL - have also evinced interest to venture into the area. Yet, Steel Ministry's Empowered Committee (EC) for R&D, said the JVs undertaken by Indian steel firms cannot ensure total tech. transfer. Even if they do, it will cover only normal grades. Steel firms having the tech. to develop CRGO are very reluctant to transfer that to India. Hence, felt that dev of the tech. through indigenous sources through a pilot plant was a necessity. According to CEA, T/R industry of the country has grown to a manufacturing capacity of 800-1000 GVA. Given these daunting req’s, the need for higher capacity T/ Rs is imminent. India's CRGO steel consumption thus would sig. increase from the current level of $ 2 bn. In 2010, around 400 MTs of electric steel were produced globally, making around 29% of total steel production. The share is close to about 50% in Europe & to some extent even sig. higher in North America, Africa, India & the Near East. In total production of GO steel, % of high grade GO steel, HI-B is still around 20%, which is a very small when compared to the benefits of HI-B. This is due to many metallurgical problems observed in production of HI-B such as high slab reheating temp (>1300 OC) for the formation of Austenite phase in desired %, restriction in ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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non-oriented Electrical steel, which is used extensively where a low-cost, low-loss material is needed, particularly in rotating equip. Mention should also be made of the relay steels, used widely in relays, armatures & solenoids. Relay steels contain 1.25-2.5% Si, & are used in DC applications because of better permeability, lower coercive force and freedom from aging. Resistivity, which is quite low in iron, increases markedly with addition of Si. Higher resistivity lessens the core loss by reducing the eddy current component. Raising Si content will lower magnetostriction, but processing becomes more difficult. High Curie temp. of iron will be lowered by alloying elements, but decrease is of little importance to user of CRGO Electrical steels. Magnetization process is influenced by impurities, grain orientation, grain size, strain, strip thickness & surface smoothness. One most important ways to improve soft magnetic materials is to remove impurities, which interfere with domain-wall movement; they are least harmful if present in solid solution. Compared with other commercial steels, Electrical steel is exceptionally pure. Because carbon, an interstitial impurity, can harm low induction permeability, it must be removed before the steel is annealed to develop the final texture. Mechanism for the growth of grains with cube-on-edge orientation during the final anneal is not completely understood. Process involves secondary recrystallization, which, by def, is characterized by accelerated growth of one set of grains in an already recrystallized matrix. For secondary recrystallization, normal grain growth must be inhibited in some manner. As temp. is raised, certain grains break loose from inhibiting forces &

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increment of Si % & restriction in decreasing the gauge of product. But new developments are also taking place like acquired inhibitor method, in which N2 gas is injected by using NH3 gas after decarburization. This method decreases reheating temp. of slab & hence ensures better performance of electrical machines. Such inferior material causes T/Rs to fail faster debilitating the country's power distribution infra. Thus, CRGO is going to play an imp. role in sustaining India’s economic development. Hence, focus should be given in R&Ds of high grade GO in India. Grain oriented Electrical Steel CRGO is undoubtedly most imp. soft magnetic material in use today. Whether in small T/R, DT or in large T/R& generator, CRGO is a must for the production of energy saving electrical machines. Grain oriented Electrical Steels are iron-Si alloys that provide low core loss & high permeability needed for more efficient & economical electrical T/Rs. CRGO Grain oriented grades of electrical steel are typically used for T/R cores & large generators. Non-oriented Electrical steel CRNGO fully processed steels are iron-Si alloys with varying Si contents & have similar magnetic properties in all directions in plan of the sheet. Non-oriented Electrical steel are principally used for motors, generators, alternators, ballasts, small T/Rs & a variety of other electromagnetic applications. The earliest soft magnetic material was iron, which contained many impurities. Research found that the addition of Si increased resistivity, decreased hysteresis loss, increased permeability & virtually eliminated aging. Substantial quantities of CRGO are used, mainly in power & DTs. Yet, it has not supplanted

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Stamping & Lamination

Industry Theme

grow extensively at the expense of their neighbors. Producers know that, on a practical basis, appropriate cold rolling & recrystallization sequences must be carefully followed to obtain the desired secondary recrystallization nuclei & the correct texture. Imports of CRGO steel increased in double-digits for the years 2014 & 2015. On a YoY basis, it grew by 29.9% to USD 433 mn in 2014 & by 18.2% to USD 511.6 mn in 2015. Following this, the imports declined by 5.5% to USD 483.5 mn in 2016. The imports of CRGO steel are mainly made from Japan. Of the total imports (in value terms) of CRGO steel made by India in 2016, 25.6% of the imports were from Japan followed by22.9% from Russian Federation, 14% from Republic of Korea, 10.7% from China, 6.7% from USA. GoI gave nod for policy that provides preference to domestically produced steel to be procured by govt. for its projects. Import duty cut on input products for CRGO steel will reduce cost of its manufacturing. Such move will encourage domestic producers to produce CRGO steel that is otherwise imported, which in turn would mean reduced costs for electrical & power T/R& lamination CoS. What is T/R Lamination You may be wondering as to how the primary & secondary

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windings are wound around these laminated iron/ steel cores for T/R constructions. The coils are firstly wound on a former which has a cylindrical, rectangular/ oval type cross section to suit the construction of the laminated core. In both the shell & core type T/R constructions, in order to mount the coil windings, the individual laminations are stamped/ punched out from larger steel sheets & formed into strips of thin steel resembling the letters E’s, L’s, U’s & I’s. These lamination stampings when connected together form the req. core shape. For e.g., two E stampings plus 2 enclosing I stampings to give an E-I core forming one element of a standard shell-type T/R core. These individual laminations are tightly butted together during the T/Rs construction to reduce the reluctance of the air gap at the joints producing a highly saturated magnetic flux density. T/R core laminations are usually stacked alternately to each other to produce an overlapping joint with more lamination pairs being added to make up the correct core thickness. Such alternate stacking of laminations also gives T/R the advantage of reduced flux leakage & iron losses. E-I core laminated T/R construction is mostly used in isolation T/Rs, step-up & step-down T/Rs as well as auto T/Rs. Insulation used to prevent the conductors shorting together in a T/R

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Stamping & Lamination

Industry Theme

is usually a thin layer of varnish/ enamel in air cooled T/Rs. This thin varnish/ enamel paint is painted onto the wire before it is wound around the core. In larger power & DTs conductors are insulated from each other using oil impregnated paper/ cloth. Whole core & windings is immersed & sealed in a protective tank containing T/R oil. T/R oil acts as an insulator & also as a coolant. Eddy current losses within a T/R core cannot be eliminated completely, but they can be greatly reduced & controlled by reducing the thickness of the steel core. Instead of having one big solid iron core as the magnetic core material of the T/R/ coil, the magnetic path is split up into many thin pressed steel shapes called “laminations”. The laminations used in a T/R construction are very thin strips of insulated metal joined together to produce a solid but laminated core. These laminations are insulated from each other by a coat of varnish/ paper to increase effective resistivity of core hence increasing overall resistance to limit flow of eddy currents. The result of all this insulation is that unwanted induced eddy current power-loss in the core is greatly reduced, & it is for this reason why the magnetic iron circuit of every T/R & other electro-magnetic machines are all laminated. Using laminations in a T/R reduces eddy current losses. Losses of energy, which appears as heat due both to hysteresis & to eddy currents in the magnetic path, is known commonly as T/R core losses. Since these losses occur in all magnetic materials as a result of alternating magnetic fields. T/R core losses are always present in a T/R whenever primary is energized, even if no load is connected to secondary winding. Also, these hysteresis & eddy current losses are sometimes referred to as T/R iron losses, since the magnetic flux causing these losses is constant at all loads. Bottlenecks Long overdue demand of T/R Industry to govt. is to pursue CoS like SAIL/ Tata to set up manufacturing plant in India which would save considerable FOREX outflow. Indian power T/R market is set to grow at a CAGR of 14% b/w 2013-18. Yet, challenges are many. Indian steel producers should be forced to set up CRGO plant to meet the demand. India is known to be an active supplier of T/Rs globally. India has always been an exporter of T/Rs & this avenue is set to become even more lucrative in the coming years. Exports from India are diverse including PTs, DTs & even special purpose T/Rs. It is est. that around 15% of India’s production

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of PTs is destined for int’l markets. With India proving its technological edge by producing even 1200kV T/Rs, surpassing global standards, the country has a very bright future. It is not only developing African & Central Asian economies that are importing from India; India-made T/Rs are even finding their way in developed markets like USA, UK, Canada, South Africa etc. India has been net exporter of T/Rs till now. Several of int’l players who already have base in India are looking forward to making their Indian setups as manufacturing base for supplying to other countries. Indian T/R industry is gradually gaining prominence in developed markets on the basis of its quality & pricing. Domestic T/R industry has potential of becoming manufacturing/ sourcing hub for supply of T/Rs in foreign markets. This market is highly fragmented with a large no. of small & medium enterprises involved in manufacturing processes, & is dominated by organized players. Domestic manufacturing industry is fairly well established with manufacturers having capabilities to develop all type of T/Rs up to the 800 kV & 1,200 kV levels. The industry also exports to several countries including the US, South Africa, Cyprus, Syria & Iraq, apart from Europe. Way Forward India is on the verge of becoming an emerging power nation among developing economies. Availability of electricity is directly linked to the GDP growth of developing economies, India being no exception. Growth of Indian electrical industry & its invests appeal primarily depends on govt. policies. Timely capacity additions to electricity generation, T&D are necessary to improve & sustain GDP growth & reduce demand-supply gap. Indian PT & DT markets are highly dependent on invest’s planned by the GoI for T&D segment &reform programs like RAPDRP & RGGVY. These programs, when fully implemented as scheduled, are expected to drive demand for both PTs & DTs. GoI currently plans to strengthen transmission lines & create a National Grid interconnecting the 5 regions (NR, SR, ER, WR,NER) through creation of Transmission Super Highways & is expected to drive demand for higher-rated PTs. With T&D CoS actively striving to reduce AT&C losses, demand for energy-efficient T/Rs would get a boost. With huge invest’s proposed across sectors such as power, infra., T/Rs market in India is slated for strong growth. Excess capacity in T/R industry in India & entry of new players will increase market competitiveness. Market consolidation over next few years is inevitable. RM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Automation

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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Future challenges & growth of automation in India The current automation scenario in the manufacturing sector, islands of automation have created several challenges, as the lack of integration has impacted on operational improvements. While developed countries have already started to focus on integration, the Indian manufacturing sector is still in the early stages of adoption of manufacturing solutions. As “India has the second largest pool of scientist and engineers in the world”, it seems that the lack of adoption is due to a gap in the suitability of existing technology to implement or adapt. In India, around 1% of manufacturing GDP comes from automation, whereas in developed economies the percentage is closer to 5%. India needs to “go Global” and that is possible only with enhanced investment in automation. With the government announcing and supporting various schemes, India is already on the right path towards globalisation. The growth of a Country depends upon the certain basic pillar of infrastructure and one of such basic infrastructures is availability of quality and reliable power in the country. The country needs 24x7 uninterrupted power supplies to all the consumers along with transparency in the operation of sector and consumer participation. Power system automation

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included monitoring, evaluation, analysis, and control of processes associated with generation, transmission and distribution of electric energy from power stations to customers. Three main processes are included namely data acquisition, power system supervision and control, all working in a coordinated automatic fashion. Data acquisition refers to collect data in the form of measured analog current or voltages values or the status of devices (open or closed). Power system supervision is carried out through the acquired data either at a remote site or locally at the device site. Control refers to sending command messages to operate power system devices such as circuit breakers. Automation plays a major role in the success of effective decision making at the utility level. Real Integration of automation not only helps to fulfil that promise, but enhances the opportunities to add more value and effectiveness to the energy value chain and also paves the way for moving forward towards the “SMARTER GRID”.Technological advancements and innovations driven by rapid electrification of segments like transport, expansion of renewable and digitalization of the grid are transforming the power sector. With decentralization, de-carbonisation and

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Automation

Special Theme

deregulation, the entire business model of utilities is evolving rapidly and state-of-art technologies are making those changes possible that were beyond the imagination a few years back. These technologies are gradually making inroads in the Indian power sector as well.The requirement for making coal fired stations intelligent arises from the bead for highly efficient plant operation and asset management on one hand and wide scale penetration of renewable energy into the grid which results in rapid cycling of the thermal plants, on the other hand. It is expected that several operational challenges will arise due to this interconnection and additionally due to the sustained increase in the generation coming from renewable energy, contributing at present more than 20% of the produced energy. Traditionally the main issues related with the operation of an electric system have been those concerned with the control of the frequency and voltage for reaching stability of these variables. Power generation plants have systems that control the injected active and reactive power to the network. However, the growth of this electrical system is leading to more requirements in data acquisition, data processing and control systems. Automation in the management of renewable energies is required considering that due to the variability in the available power, they introduce new uncertainties and parameters’ variations into the power grid, so that automation systems are required to connect these generation systems to the network and inject the corresponding energy in a coordinated way. India’s power transmission segment is also growing at an unprecedented pace mainly due to the thrust provided by the recent policy and regulatory development as well as the government’s initiatives. The pace of expansion is expected to continue in the future to help meet the government’s 175 GW renewable energy power. While most of the future investment will be for the expansion of physical grid infrastructure, utilities are expected to invest significant sums in new technologies to make grids more reliable, resilient, secure and smart. In the power sector, automation will help in monitoring and predictive maintenance of a wide variety of assets in its value chain. The equipment’s are monitored continuously and the collected data is passed on to cloud. On the basis of the collected data, a conclusion can be drawn on the health and impending failure of the assets by using Artificial Intelligence, and determine the optimal time to perform maintenance. The proactive predictive nature will enable

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the utilities to schedule the maintenance in advance and also avoid major shut downs and down time. That also means considerable savings in time and cost. Need of Automation in Power Sector Power generated at voltage levels of 11to 33KV, has to be stepped up to high/extra-high voltagesand then again reduced instages to lowest distribution voltage level of240/415 volts. For maintaining these voltage levels and forproviding stability, a number of transformationand switching stations have to be created inbetween generating station and consumer ends. These grid sub-stations are requiredto be developed to achieve reduction in systemmalfunctions as well as reduction in themeantime to repair. Consequently, human interference and outage times also need to be reduced leading to a significant decreasein the energy losses. The electricity grid has grown and changedimmensely since its origins, when energy systemswere small and localized. With the passing oftime, rising electricity consumption, new powerplants and increasingly decentralised generation (DG) of electricity from renewable energiesrequire grid expansion. However, simplyexpanding the grid, as it is constructed now would be highly inefficient. The wildly fluctuatingpower feed-in from renewable energies (solar, wind) into the entire power grid occasionallyleads to unforeseeable power flows, which canaffect grid stability. Furthermore, theliberalisation of the electricity market in Indiahas led to an increase in electricity trading.Short-term trading activities and the associatedtransmission of electricity over long distancesrepresent an additional challenge for the grid. Due to numerous small-scalegenerating plants, upsurge in dependencyon electricity and increasing demand ofelectricity, power system has become intricateand is becoming complex day by day. Limitationsof space for electrical installations, rights of wayconstraints for new line routes, environmentalconcerns; all demand newer and more advancedalternatives to more effectively manages thepower supply system. Due to the nature of the changes, the grid needsto be partially reinvented and automated. Gridintelligence and communication is required forgrid operation to meet the requirements of thetransforming energy sector. Nevertheless, datameasurements from various places and variouslevels in the grid are necessary to enable theutilities to monitor everything that happens on areal time basis (or to start with, on a daily, hourlyor quarterly basis). The utilities then can takeactions more accurately, ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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plant operation involving intelligencefeatures through IT applications involvesautomation of manual operations, control ofsystems, data acquisition and logging ofinformation to fulfil requirements of versatility,user friendliness and cost competitive. A supervisory and control system that aims to deliver not only operability, reliability and maintainability, but also cost-effectiveness, while at the same time enabling labour savings in operation and maintenance. The new system has been applied to a state-of-the-art coal based thermal power station and combined-cycle power station. Through enhanced interlock, expanded automation, on-site supervisory robots and other technological innovations, the system has enabled integrated operation from the central control room and labour savings. In addition, implementation of protective functions by printed circuit board, software configured alarm system and common sensor system, the system is not only highly reliable and easy to maintain, but also economical. On-site start up operations and commercial operations results has confirmed the effectiveness of these features. SCADA is a centralized system used to supervise a complete plant and basically consists of data accessing features and controlling processes remotely. It will help to improve the overall performance and efficiency of power station and enhance useful life. In the generation segment, automation is mainly carried out for improving power plant efficiency, reducing operations and maintenance costs, lowering unplanned outages and extending the operational life of assets. While generation utilities have been deploying control and monitoring systems, network communication, etc., for the past few years, new digital technologies such as IoT, cloud-based platforms, advanced analysis, predictive data analysis, asset performance management software and intelligent forecasting solutions are gradually growing in the segment. Also, with the growth of digital technologies in the generation segment, the complete remote operation of power plant has become a reality. Automation in Transmission: Digitalisation and automation solutions have been steadily growing in the transmission segment too. In recent years, substation automation has emerged as a key growing technology among transmission utilities. In Transmission segment, there is continuous advancement of transmission equipments with the application of digitlization and automation and make it suitable for smart grid operation and that is more compact, reliable, environment friendly || February 2022 ||

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effectively and swiftly,improving the energy services. Digital devices are at the core of smart power distribution. They give facility and maintenance personnel visibility into the electrical network by measuring and collecting data, as well as providing control functions. Smart meters, intelligent electronic devices, IoT sensors, and control and automation software are critical components of digital solutions. Intelligent substations and smart transformers that can be controlled in real time are key emerging digital solutions. These solutions deploy intelligent switchgear, which can connect with the internet and provide comprehensive monitoring and protection as well as measure all electrical parameters in real time to ensure remote monitoring. Operations and maintenance teams need to respond to risks as quickly as possible to avoid the possibility of facility downtime or damage to equipment. Intelligent devices and digitization deliver the data and alarm notifications they need to stay on top of conditions, as well as remote control capabilities to help them act faster when a potential problem arises. In addition, monitoring environmental conditions can help predict operating performance and, in turn, better optimize maintenance schedules and extend the lifespan of the power distribution equipment. Rapid network expansion has rendered the management of grid operations much more complex. In the future, electric power systems will be characterised by bidirectional flows as the world adopts more renewable sources of energy and microgrid or nanogrid models. In such a scenario, automation of substations has gained significance because utilities want to be able to remotely monitor, operate and control their assets to improve system stability, efficiency, security and control. Substation automation involves the integration of the protection, control and data acquisition functions into a minimum number of platforms by eliminating redundant equipment and databases, thereby reducing capital and operational costs, and panel and control room space requirements. Automation in Generation: Automation is a key emerging trend in the power sector that is picking up pace in a big way. Digital technologies allow devices across the grid to communicate and provide useful data for the management and operation of generation, transmission and distribution systems. Smart meters, internet of things (IoT) based sensors, network remote control and automation systems, and digital platforms help in real-time operation of the network and its connected resources. Power

Automation

Special Theme

and requires minimum installation and commissioning time. Moreover, as the pace of renewable energy integration increases and there is widespread adoption of smart grid technologies, utilities would be required to increase the deployment of intelligent equipments or to undertake modifications to transform the existing modules into smart equipments as the availability of real-time data is critical in the context of both developments. In times to come, space challenges in transmission are also bound to get more acute. Hence, going ahead, equipment manufacturers need to undertake innovations and more towards smaller but smarter equipments. As a result, there is a need for more sophisticated operation and control to keep pace with the increase in supervisory and operational control in the segment of power generation, transmission, distribution. Power Grid has emerged as a leader in technology adoption in substation automation, with state utilities following suit. Powergrid is undertaking remote operation of several sub-stations from its National Transmission Asset Management Centre in Manesar, Haryana, which was commissioned in April’ 2015. Powergrid is also implementing the wide area measurement system technology across India under its flagship Unified Real Time Dynamic State

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Measurement project. Digital substations, centred on the IEC 61850 protocol, are the next step in substation modernization. Digital sub-stations comprise smart primary devices and intelligent electronic devices to achieve information sharing and interoperability. Powergrid has implemented pilot digital substation projects at Bhiwandi and Neemrana. Based on the experience from these pilots, the company plans to launch similar new projects. Other emerging technologies include Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS), which incorporate power electronics based static controller to enhance control and power transferability of the system. Powergrid is installing FACTS devices such as static VAR compensators (SVCs) and static synchronous condensers (STATCOMs) in the interstate transmission system grid. It has already commissioned one SVC in Jammu & Kashmir and four STATCOMs. Further, 11 STATCOMs are at various stages of implementation. Automation in distribution: Automation and digitization helps discoms in the judicious utilization of funds. There are certain spare capacities in the distribution network and maintaining these entails additional expenses, which are eventually passed on to consumers. Digitalisation provides tools that help in ||www.electricalmirror.net||

managing these spare capacities by optimizing network design and performance. Further, through digitization, thefts can be pinpointed accurately, thereby assisting the discom in controlling electricity losses due to theft. One of there as on for high AT&C losses of discom has been the low level of billing and collection efficiency, which translate into lower revenues and thus broader loss margins. Low collection efficiency can be attributed to limited collection facilities, delayed delivery of bills, limited payment avenues and lack of trained manpower etc. Factors such as defective meters, unmetered connections, rampant electricity theft, overload transformers and inaccuracies in billing software contribute to the low billing efficiency of discoms. To mitigate these issues, the discoms have been encouraging digital payments such by launching mobile applications or web portal for billing purpose. Utilities have taken several efforts on the digitization of metering front in order to mitigate the problems of high AT&C losses and power theft. A range of electronic and digital meters are being deployed by utilities to replace old manual meters. Further, the utilities are installing smart meters to identify and reduce instances of energy theft more efficiently. The growth of net metering policies across ||www.electricalmirror.net||

states has given an opportunity to consumers to become prosumers by feeding electricity generated from roof top solar photovoltaic panels installed on their premises back to the grid. With this, the distribution grid has become more active as power is flowing in both directions and utilities need technologies to monitor and manage the flow of electricity in real time. In addition, advanced load forecasting technologies are required to deal with the changing load profile as customers become less dependent on central generation to meet their electricity demand. Smart Grid Technology A smart grid is an electrical grid which includes a variety of operational and energy measures including smart meters, smart appliances, renewable energy resources, and energy efficient resources. Electronic power conditioning and control of the production and distribution of electricity are important aspects of the smart grid. To ensure a seamless transition from existing approach to Smart Grid scenario, focus of any utility must be structured around four key priorities. These are Empower Customers to better manage and control their electricity use, Improve Reliability, Maintain Privacy and Security and Support Renewable integration and economic development. The government has taken a number of steps towards making the grid smarter. In the distribution segment, technology initiatives are being taken under the ministry of power approved pilot projects as well as National Smart Grid Mission. The functionalities being tested in these pilots include advanced metering infrastructure, outage management system, peak load management, power quality management and distributed generation. In order to address the above-mentioned priorities, Smart Grid technologies need to be implemented in conjunction with the existing application/technology. Smart grid generally refers to a class of technology that is being considered to bring paradigm shift in power distribution utility’s performance. The Smart Grid represents an unprecedented opportunity to move the energy industry into a new era of reliability, availability, and efficiency that will contribute to economic and environmental health. The benefits associated with the Smart Grid are more efficient transmission of electricity, quicker restoration of electricity after power disturbances, reduced operations and management costs for utilities, and ultimately lower power costs for consumers, reduced peak demand, which will also help lower electricity rates, increased integration of large-scale renewable energy systems and Improved security || February 2022 ||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Automation

Special Theme

Intelligent Automation In Substation Automation System, the various quantities (e.g., voltage,current, switch status, temperature, and oil level)of various equipment are recorded, using a dataacquisition device called Intelligence ElectronicDevices (IED). IED can establish communicationbetween remote sensors and controllers and thecommunications network. Asingle IED can control several different aspects of a pieceof equipment so that the entire piece ofequipment works in harmony with the rest of theneeds of the system and within establisheddesign parameters. Automation is based on the principle of converting all inputs and outputs into digital forms. The automation system can be designed anddeveloped using information technology/embedded systems and integrating the sameinto the existing grid substation.Components such as computers, Remote TerminalUnits (RTUs), actuator control of motorizedvalves, breakers, switched capacitor banks,on-load tap changing transformers, load break/make switches, auto re-closures, sectionalizes, and communication systems can be integratedinto the automation system. Integration withAutomated Mapping and Geographical Information System (GIS) Software packages iswidely used at present. IEDs receive datafrom sensors and power equipment, and canissue control commands, such as tripping circuitbreakers if they sense voltage, current, orfrequency anomalies, or raise/ lower voltagelevels in order to maintain the desired level. These systemquantities are transmitted on-line to the remotecontrol room through a variety of communicationmedia. The measured field data are processed inthe control room for display of any operatorselected system quantity through Graphic UserInterface. Any control action (for opening orclosing of the switch or circuit breaker) is initiatedby the operator and transmitted from the remote-control room through the communication channelto the RTU associated with the correspondingswitch or circuit breaker. The desired switchingaction then takes place and the action isacknowledged back to operator for information. Substation Automation is dedicated to the monitoring andprotection of the critical equipment of asubstation and its associated lines or feeders andalso generates MIS data, reports and graphs etcfrom remote control centre. Key Benefits of Automation Automation provides tools that help in optimizing network design and performance. Further, through automation, thefts can be pinpointed accurately, thereby assisting the

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utilities in controlling losses due to theft. Automation and digitalization also extend to associated services as well these include inventory management, asset management, maintenance strategies and monitoring of asset health. The implementation of enterprise resource planning (ERP) solutions has helped in effectively managing its inventory with better measurement and control of the inventory. It provides significant information about various consumer parameters to the utility which could be used to provide other services. Substation automation involves the integration of operationsrelated activities like system protection, control and data acquisition into a unified control system. The objective of automating substations is to reduce overall costs and eliminate redundant equipment and database by minimising human intervention. A unified control system in an automated substation includes control of substation systems from one place, comprehensive protection management, compact system designs, decentralized system structure, no conventional mimic board, numerical protection and control, self-interlocking and supervision, modern man-machine interface, operator guidance and maintenance support. Substation automation also refers to using data from intelligent electronic devices control &automation capabilities within the substation and control commands from remote users to control power system devices.Substation automation makes a smarter and morereliable power grid. There are many other benefits associated with an automated substation. These include less use of hardware and panels, reduced operating & maintenance cost, minimum outages, integration of third-party equipment, lower cabling and installation costs, reduced testing and commissioning costs, less space and civil works requirement, easy customization and use, operational efficiency with minimum errors, lower risk, and better power quality. Challenges: Developed countries have already automatedtheir complete power supply system and theirgrids are remotely controlled. On the other hand, even after having edge in IT skill, India is waybehind in automation. What to talk of existinggrid network automation, even the new grids (especially, by states) are being constructed withold and outdated technology without anyintervention of automation. Centre Government’sinitiative of providing funds for automation &improvement under schemes are eitherunutilized or are invested haphazardly in IT thatresulted in issues such as: ||www.electricalmirror.net||

WHERE OTHER MATERIALS FAIL, EARTHING SPECIALISTS RELY UPON MARCONITE

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Automation

Special Theme

• Stand-alone systems-Coverage to limited geographical areas • Inadequate interface and integration withother applications • Absence of a standard architecture • High cost of maintenance • Basic operations are still manual withoutinbuilt controls

These issues have adversely affected thereturns from IT investments. Incoherenttechnology strategy leads to situations whereincompatible options are selected and large sumsof money are wasted in attempts to integratethem. The bottom line is that the businessperformance has not improved. Evidently, fundamental changes are requiredin the working of the power sector entities.Information Technology (IT) would become thekey enabler in the initiatives under the reformprocess initiated by Government of India. Thiswill enable substantial improvement in theoverall health of the utilities. Cyber security is also one of the key threats of automation and digitization. Apart from this, ensuring consumer privacy is extremely important. Consumer data needs to be protected not only from economic point of view, but also from the security point of view. A household’s electricity consumption data can be used to determine how many people are living in the house at a particular point of time. If this data become publicly available, it can pose a serious security

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risk to the consumer. Another critical issue with the automation is the inability to efficiently extract the required information from the system, owing to the large quantity of data originating from IEDs. Different devices store data in different formats, such as waveform samples or event reports, which are not easy to compare. Communication networks comprise lower-level data links, as well as physical layer and multiple application layer protocols. Conclusion: Automation involves reskilling existing workers, redeploying others to new tasks and retooling potential workers who are students in university. Furthermore, the concept of “smart” work and demand for specific skills will encourage universities to redesign higher education and training and finally facilitate job-market transition. It is important to differentiate between automation potential and automation adoption. While a high number of tasks might be technically automatable, the adoption of particular technologies will depend on a complex interplay of factors including the cost of labour, levels of education and skilling, legal frameworks for innovation, labour protection policies, availability of supporting infrastructure and social and cultural norms that shape attitudes towards technological change and innovation. With the government announcing various schemes and incentives, “Make in India” concept will definitely take India to a higher platform. RM

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SHOWCASING INDIA’S FAST-GROWING GREEN ENERGY SECTOR

23-25 MARCH 2022 | PRAGATI MAIDAN, NEW DELHI

2021 SHOW HIGHLIGHTS*

EXHIBITOR PROFILE • Solar PV Module/ Panel/ Manufacturers

12,786

• Installers / EPC companies, Independent Power Producers • PV panel Industrial Cleaning solutions • Energy Meters & Gas Meters

Visitors

• Electrolytes/Ion Exchange Membranes

575

• Electrodes/Catalysts • IOT in energy solutions etc.

Participants

• Domestic & Industrial Hydrogen Technology Including Boilers and CHP

• Catalyzation & Chemical Technologies

Countries

11,000

• Pipeline, Cryogenic & Storage • Battery manufacturers, Inverters, storage devices

Media Partner

Co-organiser

sqm Exhibit area *Statistics for 6th Smart Cities & 28th Convergence India expo, held from 24-26 March 2021 at Pragati Maidan.

Organisers

For bookings, please contact: Mr. Himanshu Verma | +91 11 4279 5042 himanshuv@eigroup.in | +91 99997 16197

www.smartenergyindiaexpo.com

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Hydro Power

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

|| February 2022 ||

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The hydro power segment has long been facing challenges that have hampered its growth Hydro power projects are generally categorized in two segments i.e. small and large hydro. In India, hydro projects up to 25 MW station capacities have been categorized as Small Hydro Power (SHP) projects. While Ministry of Power, Government of India is responsible for large hydro projects, the mandate for the small hydro power (up to 25 MW) is given to Ministry of New and Renewable Energy. Over the years, there has been a significant improvement in the load balancing and peak load management ability of the power system, with the integration of the regional grids and the streamlining of network frequencies. However the country has inadequate peaking capacity with quick response characteristics. This is critical in the context of large-scale renewable energy capacity coming in the next few years. Hydropower projects with quick start and zero load operation capabilities are ideal for meeting peak load and balancing needs. The country’s total installed hydropower capacity stood at 45400 MW as of January’ 2021, representing only 30 per cent of the estimated potential (around 150 GW) and only 13 per cent of the total installed power generation capacity. Further, projects aggregating 11 GW are currently under execution. Beside, being a clean source of energy, hydro power is one of the preferred technologies for managing variability in the grid with its easy and quick start-up capability. Now, with the increasing share

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of renewable in the power generation mix, there is an even greater need for hydro capacity. The government is already taking steps to fast-track growth in the segment, including bringing out a new hydropower policy, reassessing the hydro potential and identifying cheaper sources of finance. Out of hydropower installed capacity as on January’ 2021, the state sector accounts for the majority share of 67 percent, followed by the central and private sectors at 26 per cent and 7 per cent respectively. About 59 percent of the capacity is in the form of storage-based plants and 22 per cent lies in run-of-the-river plants. The remaining capacity is installed as run-of-the-river with pondage. Over the last five years, the installed hydropower capacity has grown at a compounded annual growth rate of only 3 percent. The highest year-on-year growth was witnessed in 2020-21 as the capacity increased by almost 4 per cent. However, the share of hydro power in the total installed capacity has been declining consistently, from 17.7 per cent in March’ 2021 to 13.50 percent in March’ 2019. This is because of significantly low capacity addition in the segment as compared to the growth in the country’s total installed capacity during this period. For the past many years, the capacity addition has not been in line with the targets. While actual capacity addition in FY2016-17 was 37.5 per cent less than the target, it was underachieved by only 1.1 percent in 2020-21. The capacity addition has also

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Hydro Power

Special Focus

missed the overall target for the Twelfth five year plan period ended March’ 2017. Against the targeted addition of 10.9 GW during 2016-21, the actual achievement was around 5.5 GW. Small Hydro Power Small Hydro Power (SHP) plants have many advantages over large scale hydropower generation. SHP has been identified as a good alternative to conventional electricity generation for many developing countries around the world. Run-of-the river type SHP plants contain considerable economic advantages. However these are affected by various technical and economic challenges. An estimated potential of about 20,000 MW of small hydro power projects exists in India. Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has created a database of potential sites of small hydro and 6,474 potential sites with an aggregate capacity of 19,750 MW for projects up to 25 MW capacity have been identified. Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has been vested with the responsibility of developing Small Hydro Power (SHP) projects up to 25 MW station capacities. The estimated potential for power generation in the country from such plants is about 20,000 MW. Most of the potential is in Himalayan States as river-based projects and in other States on irrigation canals. The SHP programme is now essentially private investment driven. Projects are normally economically viable and private sector is showing lot of interest in investing in SHP projects. The viability of these projects improves with increase in the project capacity. The government aim to harness at least 50 of the potential in the country in the next 10 years. The focus of the small hydro project programme is to lower the cost of equipment, increase its reliability and set up projects in areas which give the maximum advantage in terms of capacity utilization. Pump Storage Project: Pump storage hydropower is one of the most developed and reliable energy storage technologies globally. With an increase in the country’s intermittent renewable energy capacity, pumped storage plants have assumed further importance as they enable energy storage through their large reservoirs. These plants help

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in load balancing by pumping water to the upper reservoir during times of surplus power in the grid and running in generating mode during times of deficit power. Apart from offering critical ancillary grid services such as voltage support and grid stability, they help in improving the capacity utilization of thermal, solar and wind stations. Currently, the country has nine pump storage plant with a total installed capacity of 4,786 MW, which is almost 11 percent of the cumulative installed hydropower capacity. The first pump storage plant was the 706 MW Nagarjuna plant, which was commissioned during the period 1980-85. It is, however, currently not operating in pumping mode since the tail pool dam is not functional. Out of the nine projects, only five plants with an aggregate capacity of 2600 MW are working in pumping mode. These plants are 400 MW Kadamparai, 150MW Bhira, 900 MW Srisailam left bank power house, 250 MW Ghatgar and 900 MW Purulia. The 240 MW Kadana Stage I and Stage II plant in Gujarat is facing vibration issues, while the 40 MW Panchet Hill plant has been facing land acquisition concerns in the lower reservoir. It is a similar case with the 1200 MW Sardar Sarovar project in Gujarat, where the tail pool dam is under construction. The Central Electricity Authority has identified a potential of 96,524 MW across 63 sites for pumped-hydro schemes on main rivers and their tributaries. As per the estimation, the western region has the highest potential for the development of pump storage plants with Maharashtra alone having a probable installed capacity of 27,094 MW. The southern and north-eastern regions, with a potential of 17,750 MW and 16,900 MW respectively, hold enormous opportunities for hydropower development. Meanwhile, the pump storage plant potential of the northern region stands at 13,065 MW and that of the eastern region at 9,126 MW. Two pump storage plants aggregating 1080 MW are under construction in Tehri, Uttrakhand 1000 MW and Koyna Left Bank, Maharashtra 80 MW. Both these projects are expected to be commissioned by end of 2019. Several other projects aggregating over 9,430 MW are at pre-development stages. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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State specific issues Hydro potential rich states such as Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim have not been able to effectively harness their hydropower potential. In Arunachal Pradesh, this has been primarily because of the anti-dam protests by environmentalists and locals, rehabilitation issues, and interstate and cross border disputes regarding water sharing. Recently, the Siang Indigenous Farmers’ Forum opposed the construction of a 10, 000 MW hydropower project over thy river, citing displacement of the tribal communities in the area. In Sikkim, the main issues being faced in the development of hydropower projects are delays in land acquisition and environmental and forest clearances. Further, since the state lies in a severe seismic intensity zone, it is prone to earthquakes and natural calamities, which have led to damage of Hydropower projects construction sites in the past. Geological surprises have impacted the construction of hydropower projects in the Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu Kashmir as well. In Uttarakhand, the Supreme Court had revoked clearances of 24 out of 70 projects planned in the AlaknandaBhagirathi river basins after the 2013 floods, citing direct and indirect impact of the projects on the river flow. Meanwhile, in Jammu and Kashmir, adverse law and order conditions hamper project activities. Thus, intervention from the state government is required to ensure security in order to attract investors and fast track the development of the projects. Besides, the water sharing dispute amoung states is a key challenge. Since water is categorized as a state subject, consent from all states affected by the hydropower project is required. Projects that have been facing delays on account of water sharing disputes include the 975 MW In champalli hydropower project in Andhra Pradesh, the 60 MW Karbi Langpi hydropower project in Assam, 480 MW Cauvery hydropower project in Tamil Nadu, the 150 MW Bhavani hydro power project in Kerla, and the 320 MW Sindol hydropower project in Odisha. In view of the increasing power demand and need for a viable energy storage technologies, the state governments need to fast-track their stalled hydropower projects and work in association with all stakeholders to effectively harness hydropower. Conclusion: Slowdown in capacity addition has been a major challenge for the segment. Hydro power capacity addition in the past five years, much lower than thermal and other renewable addition. This has also resulted in a decline in the hydro-thermal ratio of 40:60 from the system availability and reliability point of view. The current hydro-thermal ratio stands at about 17:83, indicating the lack of flexible generation required to meet the peak demand. Flexible hydropower generation assumes even greater importance now with the increasing share of intermittent renewable generation. Over the past five years, the hydropower segment has recorded limited growth. With adequate policy and regulatory support, hydropower projects can go a long way in reducing the regional disparities in power supply and alleviating the sector distress. RM || February 2022 ||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

w w w. e l e c t r i c a l m i r r o r. n e t

Certain regulatory challenges such as the lack of a separate peak pricing regulation have hampered the development of pump storage plants in the past. Since these projects use energy for pumping operation, the pricing of the energy produced by pump storage plants during peak hours needs to be justified on commercial principles. The regulatory framework for pump storage plants needs to take into account the benefits of energy storage, grid balancing and voltage support provided by these projects. Issues and challenges: The hydro power segment has long been facing challenges that have hampered its growth in the country. These include environmental issues pertaining to delays in forest and wildlife clearances, public hearing processes and land acquisition, rehabilitation and resettlement, and stringent environmental norms. Infrastructural issues such as the inaccessibility, law and order issues, interstate water sharing disputes, and technical issues such as lack of competent contractors and skilled manpower. Further, limited finances are available for hydro projects due to low returns, high capital costs and the long gestation period involved in the development of hydro power projects. These issues results in considerable cost and time overruns for hydropower projects which in turn result in higher tariffs, making these projects financially unviable. Delay in project execution Delays have become commonplace in the hydropower sector due to land acquisition challenges, long gestation periods and R&R issues. However, the biggest impediment to project commissioning remains the multitude of clearances and approvals required. In addition, weather fluctuations often slow down the pace of work thereby aggravating the problem. Further, rehabilitation concerns amongst local communities and subsequent agitations continue to act as roadblocks in the commissioning of hydropower projects. In addition, most new hydropower sites are located in remote hilly areas with little or no infrastructure facilities such as roads, thus making the transport of men and machinery difficult. Apart from these, issues pertaining to water sharing between states, geological factors and delays in the award of contracts have been responsible for commissioning delays, which have exceeded 5 to 10 years in some cases. Due to the cost-intensive nature of hydropower projects and unanticipated contingencies, the cost overrun of these projects is also significant. Since hydropower projects are financed by a huge amount of debt, project delays lead to significant cost escalation on account of the interest component of the loan. The interest during construction is calculated till the time the project gets commissioned and starts generating revenue. The process of obtaining clearances from several authorities and various geological factors such as floods and landslides lead to delays in project commissioning, thereby increases the duration for which interest is calculated and the overall project cost. Most hydropower projects under construction have experienced cost overruns with an average breach of about Rs. 18.5 billion.

Guest Article

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Guest Article

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Product Info

Polar Lighting Poles

Product Info

‘K-LITE’ surface mounted Polar Lighting Pole, integrated with LED Lighting Module is an exclusive choice of designers for city beautification lighting blended with architectural appeal. It is designed for a complete range of contemporary designs with single arm, double arm, L-arm, V-Arm, Square arm and Parallel arm.

The pole is engineered to meet the adverse conditions and the pole sections are duly welded using special grooving techniques and high end MIG welding process. The control box is integral and built-in with service door, locking arrangement and safety chain. The MS pole is coated with epoxy zinc phosphate primer and finished using environmentally stable polyurethane based paint. The pole is supplied with necessary foundation hardwares for

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|| February 2022 ||

normal soil condition. The Polar Lighting Pole lighting arms are integrated with the LED modular lighting system, which is environmental friendly under green lighting category. The LED lighting offers more lumens with lesser power consumption The module is IP 68 protected and the various models were evaluated by an extensive research and understanding of illumination requirements for urban spaces. Choice of drivers for LED takes into consideration the harmonic distortion level ( not exceeding 10%) power factor greater than 0.9 and surge protection. The LED modules are individually rated 60 watts. The control gear tray is prewired with terminal connectors, MCB and loop-in loop-out arrangement and located in the control box, integral with the pole. RM

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

7th Smart Cities India Expo 2022 .................................

K-Lite Industries ............................................................

9th EL Asia Expo 2022 ..................................................

Kusam Electrical .............................................................

Altanova India Private Limited ..................................... BC

Mecc Alte India Pvt. Ltd. ............................................... P-05

Cable & Wire Fair 2022 ................................................

Mikrotek Machines Ltd. ................................................. IBC

FLIR Systems India Pvt. Ltd. ......................................... IFC

Polycab India Limited ................................................... P-03

Gloster Cables Limited ..................................................

Phoenix Contact (India) Pvt. Ltd. .................................

H D Wire (P) Ltd ..........................................................

Rohitra India Pvt. Ltd. ..................................................

Himoinsa Genset ...........................................................

RR Kabel Limited ..........................................................

Inter-Tech .......................................................................

Testo India Pvt. Ltd. ......................................................

IFSEC Expo 2022 ...........................................................

Vikarsh Stampings Pvt. Ltd. ..........................................

Jindal Steel & Power .................................................... P-01

Wire India Expo 2022 ................................................... 101

E l e c t r i c a l M IRROR 98

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|| February 2022 ||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

EVENT DIARY 18-20 May 2022

Pragati Maidan, New Delhi, India www.cablewirefair.com

Cable & Wire Fair (CWF) is now undisputed leading Indian event for the global wire & cable industry. The show is centered at creating a consensus-driven, growth-oriented stage for the wire and cable industry in India. The telecom and power networks act as the nerves and veins of today's societies where the most fundamental integrating elements are wires and cables.

24-26 June 2022

BIEC - Bangalore International Exhibition Centre https://www.elasiaexpo.com/

19 – 21 May 2022

Bombay exhibition centre (BEC), Mumbai, India www.led-expo-mumbai.in

LED Expo is India's only show covering the entire value chain of the LED industry. It has recognised the industry potential and has identified it as a futuristic technology which will take the lighting industry by storm. It has created a platform for its exhibitors and visitors to source and explore the latest in trend products and technologies from around the globe. Being the foremost and exclusive exhibition showcasing the strength of the Indian LED industry, it has become the maiden choice of the architects, interior designers, construction, real estate companies, builders, contractors etc. for sourcing the latest in trend products and technologies.

Oct 2022

IECC, PRAGATI MAIDAN www.powergen-india.com

“Higher FDI than what existed till now will directly boost the overall scenario in the country, besides generating lakhs

For more than 15 years, POWERGEN India has served

of new jobs, This will add to the nation's GDP."

as India's premier forum for the power generation

9th ELASIA- 2022 Exhibition will be the podium to compare the best in the world to the best in India. The show will constitute an ideal platform not just for maximum exposure of cutting-edge products & services to key Electrical, Electronics, Lightings & Power sector players and top decision-makers but also for the kind of high-powered

100

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industry. Attracting over 8,000 attendees, POWERGEN India covers all forms of power generation, from

17-18 June 2022

Chennai Trade Centre, Chennai www.oshindia.com

South Asia’s largest occupational safety & health event, OSH India Expo brings together internationally renowned exhibitors, consultants, business experts and key government officials on an industry platform. The show facilitates exchanges of global best practices and seeks solutions for challenges in upholding workplace safety and health. The show witness safety professionals from across India.

23-25 Nov 2022 Mumbai, India www.wire-india.com

Wire India aims in bringing the economic development of India to higher summit and its objective has increased the importance of the show in all over the world. The participants are availed with incredible business opportunities which aid the exhibitors to establish their

conventional to renewable energy and other low-carbon

brand and advertise it to the worldwide market. Advanced

options. This leading forum is where the power

range of products are demonstrated which has pulled the

industry can meet, share and discuss solutions for

attention and investment of the foreign delegates as well.

India's energy future.

The exhibitors can also get into new partnership dealings with the attending companies.

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

101

102

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EM Feb Issue 2022

Articles inside

Industry Theme: Stamping & Lamination

Special Theme: Automation