Min Sed Hotel Predesign Booklet by Eliana Gendelman

Islamabad Pakistan M I N SE D H O T E L

Table of Contents H O S P I TA L I T Y

C O DE S

Hospitality Industry Interior Design Trends Hospitality Design Boutique Hotels Conference Centers Typologies Stakeholder Analysis

General Codes Code Specifics Site Plans

DE SI G N P LA N N I NG L O CAT I O N Pakistan Islamabad Culture & The People Climate & Geography Religion Art & Architecture Cuisine

DE F I N I NG T H E P R O J E C T Project Goals Concept Color Scheme Defining the Moment FF&E Needs FF&E Inspiration

Scheme 1 Diagrams Scheme 2 Diagrams Scheme 3 Diagrams

MOV I NG F O RWA R D Process Work Inspiration

T h e h o t e l n a m e i s a n a b b r ev i at i o n o f t h e p h r a s e “ C e l e b r at i n g P r o g r e s s i o n ” i n Ur d u , t h e n at ive l a n g u a g e o f Pa k i stan

The Min Sed Hotel

M I N SE D

Hospitality Industry In the 80’s, only 90 different hotel brands existed with 12 of those 90 from within larger corporations. Today, 259 different hotel brands exist with two-thirds of them existing under a larger company. This indicates an enormous growth through consolidation. Employee compensation has increased with approximately one-third of hotel expenses accounting for employee payroll. In addition, 31 states have an employee payroll that exceeds the current federal minimum wage of $7.25 per hour. Hospitality design has adapted to producing a holistic approach that works to provide self-care elements for users. Examples of progressively caring for the guest’s experience includes minimizing their footprint, honoring personal needs, allowing the guest to create their own experience, creating designs that allow people to interact with them, and providing choice. Many hotels already incorporate aspects of sustainable design, but there will be an even bigger push in the direction since as of 2019 millennials outnumber boomers in the workforce and sustainability is very important to the generation. Similarly, Generation Z shares these same sustainability initiatives, so as they enter the workforce the push for environmentally sound solutions will be further emphasized. Connecting the design to the surrounding area is key to creating an individual sense of place, rather than what may inspire the masses. The industry is moving towards establishing a site specific design opposed to what is considered an “instagrammable” one. One-of-a-kind designs relative to the community and history surrounding them is taking precedence, as the industry shifts towards a movement of blending art and architecture.

T E C H NO L O GY Technology has become a large part of the hotel industry and its role continues to grow. The goal is to have guests wanting to post photos from the lobby on their social media accounts. In more recent times, it has been found that Generation Z is not brand loyal, and that they will always choose the place that showcases the best experiences shared online. By using the right technological tools and practices, the hotel employees can run effectively while saving time and effort, as well as making the whole experience safer in terms of COVID-19. Elements of smart homes are now being incorporated into hotel design with options for checking in and out, controlling the thermostat, lighting, and window treatments.

C OV I D - 1 9

Much of the hotel experience is digitized to provide optimum convenience and independence for guests, but there is also a counter-push for reduced connectivity and a reinvention of how to use technology healthily. More non-digital interactions are also emerging, such as use of vinyl records and books. Tactile objects that encourage people to slow down and focus on themselves in that moment will be a huge part of hospitality interiors moving forward.

The COVID-19 virus has affected every country in both health and wellness and economic wellbeing. most hotels to break even on in their businesses.

Due to greater populations and therefore stricter COVID-19 guidelines, urban hotels are suffering the mo

A way for hotels to stay in business during this difficult time is to promote the cleanliness of their guestroo contact will also put guests at ease.

Newly built and newly updated hotels will forever be changed by this pandemic. Social distancing w interaction at check-in, and designing amenities with new spatial requirements just as public buildings h

As remote working has become the current norm, and possibly a long-term option for many, there is an

COMPETITION & LOYALTY As rental companies such as Airbnb have become very popular in recent years, the hotel industry is challenged to create more unique and authentic experiences. Providing a stay that does not feel generic while promoting regulated sanitation practices will encourage guests to choose a hotel visit over a random, unregulated host. Loyalty is important in establishing a set returning guests who are consistent in their stays and offer a level of promotion in terms of online reviews and such. This can be established through a sense of value in the overall atmosphere. Technology, service, design, art, interconnectedness, and overall experience are factors in gaining trust from visitors. Many hotel franchises have developed loyalty programs that offer rewards and benefits to returning guests. These rewards can be received when guests book their rooms through the hotel website directly. This is an attempt by hotel companies to reduce the profits of third-party companies such as Expedia and Hotels.com who provide bookings of these rooms at substantially lower rates.

More than two-thirds of the nation’s hotels remain below 50 percent occupancy, which is not enough for

ost.

oms and amenities so guests can relax knowing their health and safety is ensured. Promoting less in-person

will likely be incorporated into the design moving forward. This can be achieved by eliminating physical have done to adapt to this new lifestyle defined by COVID-19.

n opportunity for hotels to respond by offering private offices, co-working spaces, or zoom suites.

Hospitality Design

There are three imperative aspects of design which remain constant among hotel types, these are style, practicality and attention to detail. The lines that divide different spaces in the hotel as well as the lines that divide different departments are fading away. For example, retail spots used to be tucked away in a corner, but in order to make the hotel more profitable, they are now being placed within other components of the space. Architects and designers need to draw people in by creating both indoor and outdoor public spaces. The hotel exterior and lobby are where first and last impressions are made, so good lighting, circulation, wayfinding, and an element of choice are crucial in producing the best guest experience. Corridors must be designed for durability as they are major paths of travel for both guests and employees. Using the design to lead guests to their guestroom doors makes the journey as simple and stress free as possible. The journey to guestrooms is key because guests spend a lot of time traveling along this path. Good signage is essential, along with good circulation leading to other public areas. Great use of floor finish design, lighting and wall treatment work together to lead the guest through the hotel. Openness has been growing in popularity in recent years with open floor plans, open air spaces, high ceilings, operable walls and outdoor areas integrated into hotel design. Furnishings and architectural details work to portray the context of the hotel from the indoors. Designers must assess the need for hotel entrances aside from the main entrance such as a ballroom, restaurant, casino, spa, tour bus drop off, suite entrances, and more.

L O B BY D E S I G N • The planning for most hotel lobbies is similar across all hotel types because it acts as a main circulation space within the building. • The most important priority when designing a lobby of a hotel is to satisfy guest expectations • A well designed lobby works to encourage guest interaction and communication with the hopes of building relationships between guests as well as hotel employees. • Hotel lobbies should provide free WiFi connection for guests, so they can share their photos and experience inside the hotel or update their private social media profiles as well as check in to the hotel. • Oftentimes guests need to wait for their check in so they take a seat in the lobby. At this time they are looking around and observing the design of the space so the lobby design directly affects a guest’s first impressions. • Catering to the ever-changing expectations and demands for hotel lobbies, they are able to be turned into something profitable if the psychology of both the guests and hotel teams is understood. • Different types of seating allows for expansion of a lobby into a lounge. “It’s not about furniture, it’s about how furniture enhances a human event.” • Level changes, flooring materials, varying ceiling heights, special lighting, signage programs, articulation of decorative details, and custom millwork are techniques used to define circulation, seating, and retail areas of the lobby.

G U E S T R O OM D E S I G N Visitors expect larger guest rooms than they did in the past. Rooms with abundant storage, and lots of space, are more likely to have returning guests. In current times, guestrooms are no longer just a place to rest, but rather a multifunctional space. A space to work, dine, relax and sleep. Fine details are key to make sure the guest has a good experience. No matter how well designed the room is, if a guest has a bad night’s sleep, it is very unlikely that they will return. A well-manufactured, comfortable bed, along with good blackout curtains and temperature control are extremely important. It is important to consider the configuration of the work area and to provide access to either a window view or a balcony so guests can have the outdoor experience from the desk. Guest rooms should keep up with modern technology. Simple electrical sockets aren’t enough anymore. USB ports and wireless charging stations should also be included to give the guest options and make the room feel more high-end. Furniture with integrated technology can be very functional in a hotel suite. Tables that include outlets add a nice convenient touch. Seating with thin supporting legs are replacing bulkier pieces in order to increase floor space and make the room feel bigger. In the bathroom, guests generally expect spa-like experience. Depending on the location and if at all practical, incorporating elements that will give a lasting memory such as an external shower or a bath with a view will make the hotel stand out. Guests also expect bathrooms to have flattering lighting with high quality finishes. Gone are the days when bright, fluorescent lighting is acceptable. Well-designed bedrooms should have adjoining bathrooms that match the same level of quality and modernism. A guestroom can be made to stand out by utilizing unconventional layouts such as removing a solid wall between the bathroom and bedroom and replacing it with a frosted glass wall instead. Or separating the room lengthwise instead of the traditional separation so that bathroom users can still have access to natural light. Including biophilia can keep guests attached to nature as well as prioritizing natural light to creating a calm space To provide a unique experience for guests, guestrooms’ aesthetics can be designed with a different aesthetic and color pallet from the rest of the hotel. Embracing diversity by having all guestrooms decorated differently gives each guest an individualized experience.

Boutique hotels are defined as “a small, sophisticated, and fashionable business or establishment”. This means they are stylish, in a fashionable spot in the urban district, more intimate, and feature a strong artistic sense and focus on design. They are smaller in scale with 10-100 rooms creating a more intimate feel. They aim to create the ambiance of being a personal guest in a private home and often have communal “living spaces” where guests can interact with each other. The trend of boutique hotels began to flourish in the 80s when people were getting tired of the same old “stiff” hotel franchise chains. Now it is trending with the younger generation travelers who are seeking an authentic experience while visiting new locations. Boutique hotels market the property to channel travelers, offer booking through the hotel website directly, and generally have an online site that portrays the hotel exactly. The interior designer must then create this “brand identity” through color, relevant display pieces, graphic art, fabric, furniture style, and other aesthetics. The architecture and interiors are to be distinctive and create an individualized feel. They are generally upscale but provide historic details with chic elegance. Having traces of the past present in a boutique hotel will show the design is inspired by tradition without copying tradition. Celebrate the local flavor with a strong sense of place by utilizing locally-sourced materials to reflect the locations heritage, art, and colors. Bold materials and color selections can dramatize a small space. Boutique owners partner with local food vendors, florists, artists, and entertainers to create a curated and authentic experience Guest bedrooms in boutique hotels are meant to be multifunctional. The guest bedrooms need to be personalized custom spaces, where guests are able to do more than just rest. There need to be spaces for spaces to work, eat, and sleep.

Conference Centers

The design of conference center hotels accommoda more intimate gatherings than convention center hote

In order to be successful they must provide dedicate distraction free, comfortably furnished, a technologically equipped facilities.

Workplace design initiatives must be implemented order to maximize productivity. This includes a variety seating arrangements and conference room set ups allow for choice, as individuals may have a different w ethic from one another. Additionally, acoustics ne to be heavily considered to ensure that no guests a distracted or disturbed whether they are working in t conference area, dining in the restaurant or partaking any other activity within the hotel.

There are many subcategories of conference cent such as executive conference centers, resort conferen centers, corporate conference centers, and univers conference centers.

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M I X E D USE H O T E L S Since the design of the Min Sed hotel will be a hybrid of a boutique hotel and a conference center, it is important to assess the uses and benefits of mixed-use spaces. This is the hotel type that goes by these three words “Work, play, stay.” Mixed-use hotels can create a “one-stop-shop” experience for guests checking-in and using the facilities. Opportunities may arise for hotels to partner with well-known and loved restaurants, spas, or other amenities. This partnership could be essential in the success of the hotel’s business. It can also work to further develop a sense of place from the interior. It is important to find partnerships with places and businesses that reflect the design and hospitality aspects of the hotel it will be placed in. In an urban area, for example, conference rooms are meeting areas for businesses would be an appropriate use of space. It is important that all multi-use hotels offer enough parking for all users of the space, regardless of whether they are staying there or not.

Case Study 1 MAISON DE LA LUX HOTEL

A DDR E S S 546 Carndelet St. New Orleans, LA 70130 DE S I G NE R Atelier Ace and Studio Shamshiri B U I L DI NG PRO CE S S Converting the interior of a historical city building

DE SIG N IM P L ICAT I ONS In order to combat the very vibrant public spaces, the designers used a softer and more neutral pallet in guestrooms to create a more relaxing feeling in these private spaces. A similar tactic will be used to create a calm setting in guestrooms and quieter areas like the spa to set the mood for relaxation. Many colors and patterns were used to convey the essence of the city. This same idea will be applied to the design of the hotel in order to capture the modernity and history of Islamabad. Incorporating a different color scheme used in each space to add visual interest.

Case Study 2 ZOKU AMSTERDAM

ADDRE S S Weesper Straat 105, 1018 Amsterdam, Netherlands DE S IG NE R Concrete BU ILDING P R OC ESS New construction

DESI G N IM P L ICAT IO NS The designers aimed for a design that would accommodate the modern culture of blurred lines between work and leisure by creating guestrooms that are easy to transform into spaces of various functions such as an office, living room, or kitchen. The design of the Min Sed hotel must accommodate guests for work and leisure so making the guestrooms function as several different types of spaces would be beneficial. Due to the urban setting, there was a limited amount of space to create guestrooms with all the desired functions so they created lofted rooms to add space. Implementing this idea into some of the guest rooms would allow for additional amenities while providing guests with a unique experience Design the lounge area to encourage interaction while providing privacy between seating arrangements.

Case Study3 THE NORMAN TEL AVIV

ADDRE S S 23 - 25 Nachmani St. Tel Aviv, Israel DE S IG NE R David d’Almada from the firm Sagrada B U ILDING P RO CESS Redesigning a 1920s townhouse

DE SIG N IM P L ICATIONS Implement work of local artists around the building to reinforce a sense of place for guests. Include a rooftop pool and nearby rooftop garden to give guests a glimpse of nature while they look out over the urban setting. Use vibrant colored furniture to contrast the more neutral wall and flooring finishes.

Stakeholders employees

All employee spaces will be designed with the same level of care, luxury, and function as the rest of the hotel. This will improve employee satisfaction and productivity. Additionally, all employees will have the option to work in the conference areas if they desire a change in scene from the back of house areas which is a good resource.

A DMINI ST RATI O N The design accommodates the hotel’s administration to be close to check-in as well as other staff areas to make sure everything is running properly.

F RONT - OF- HOUSE The front of house employees will be steps away from the courtyard and prayer area which will allow them to actively abide by the five pillars of Islam and receive the benefits of biophilia.

visitors

DIP L OM AT S Diplomats come to Islamabad as it is the capital and they have hosted large international meetings in recent years. The conference center aspect of the hotel will cater to their working needs, while the boutique design will give them a memorable experience. It also offers activity and vacation aesthetic for their families.

U N IV E RSIT Y ST UDE N T S Since Islamabad houses 20 universities, the design will accommodate the needs of the students. A computer and print room on the first floor will be a great resource for these individuals. Lounge areas and conference rooms can also function as study rooms, and by renting them out the hotel can bring in more revenue in times where travel is limited.

FA M ILY O F UN IV E RSIT Y ST UDE N T S Due to the large number of universities in the city, many travelers who go to Islamabad are visiting loved ones in school, or going to visit the schools for themselves. The mixed use components of the design will have something that appeals to all parties in this scenario. It allows parents to work remotely within the hotel’s facilities while siblings may choose to lounge by the pool.

L O CA L S Similar to university students, locals have access to work spaces, computers and printing. In addition the local cuisine at the restaurant and tea bar will appeal to locals as well.

BACK- OF- HO USE

VACAT IO N E RS

The back of house employees have direct access to the loading dock, storage and all back of house spaces as they are grouped together for convenience.

The boutique style will appeal to vacationers as it provides a unique, authentic, and artistic experience. The small scale ensures that noise levels will likely be lower than a large hotel. Amenities like the rooftop pool and lounge will entice vacationers while not disturbing those using the conference facilities.

Location

Pakistan • Pakistan can be broadly categorized into five provinces: Sindh, Balochistan, Punjab, Gilgit Baltistan, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa • Pakistan achieved independence with India from British rule in 1947 • 207 million people live in Pakistan, making it the 6th most populated country in the world and about 36.7% of the population live in cities • 60 languages have been recorded to be used in Pakistan as most citizens are bilingual or trilingual • Urdu is the official language and English is the secondary, more informal language used here • 96% of Pakistani citizens practice Islam and majority are Sunni Muslims • Pakistan used to be on the silk route which has defined a lot of their trade to this day, specifically regarding food • Purdah - practice of keeping women in seclusion - is generally a thing of the past, however men are still superior to women in this culture • There is a disconnect between civil law and Sharia law creating systematic gender based discrimination, more so than if civil law was prioritized • The reason Sharia law is so popular in Pakistan is because people primarily focus on its development and the theories, principles, and rules that inform it rather than looking at the consequences of its operation

H I ST O RY

Islamabad

• Islamabad is the capital of Pakistan built and developed in the 1960’s by Greek architect Doxiadis to replace the previous capital Karachi • The city was chosen by a commission in 1959 and construction began in 1961 and then slo between India and Pakistan where Pakistan ultimately gained independence • Islamabad is the first smart city in Pakistan which means it uses different types of electronic me data. The data is then used for managing assets, resources, and services effectively in order to the city • Strategically organized into a comprehensive grid system • Divided into 8 sectors: administrative, diplomatic, residential, educational, industrial, comme a national park • The Rawalpindi metropolitan area is the country’s 4th largest with 3.1 million populace • Cultural and ethnic melting pot and hot spot for diplomacy • 79 Embassies • “Land of the Pure” • They were the first to elect a female prime minister Benazir Bhutto in 1988, however many op are still present, the state in which women are treated varies based on the ruling party at the • The first few heads of the state were said to be very liberal and pro-feminism, however leader • City suffers from terrorist attacks so considering safety precautions in the design of the space

C U LT U R E & T H E P E O P L E

• • • • • • • • • • • • •

Youthful city - 60% 15-65 years old Population is made up of middle and upper middle class people Islamabad has the highest cost of living in Pakistan Patriarchal, extended family is generally the norm, however nuclear families are becoming more common in urban areas The city houses 20 universities Cricket and field hockey are popular sports The city has hosted large diplomatic meetings in recent years Many travelers are coming to Islamabad from other parts of Pakistan, but there are external travelers as well The female literacy rate has improved to 48.5% in recent years Marriages are arranged along ethnic and kin lines and marriage between cousins is very common Dowry is paid by the bride’s family and dowry related violence is the most common domestic violence for Pakistani women Children are considered a blessing although male children are more valued than female children Grandfathers get to name the children and the ceremony to do so is 40 days after birth, so for the first 40 days they go by a nickname

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• Compact city at only 25 square miles • Elevation from 1,5002,000 feet • Humid subtropical climate • 5th season known as rainy monsoon which occurs July-august • Islamabad’s microclimate is regulated by 3 artificial reservoirs (rawal, simli, and khanpur dam) • City suffered damage from the Kashmir earthquake in 2005

RELIGION

• Islam is the official religion of Islamabad and its name translates to “City of Islam” • The religion of the city breaks down to 95% Muslim, mainly Sunnis, 4% Christian, and 1% Hindu • Islam is a monotheistic religion that believes the one true God is Allah • The prophet Muhammad is believed to be his messenger and is responsible for transferring the words of Allah to defining the way in which human beings must honor and abide by him in their most sacred scripture known as the Qur’an • They believe that everything in the universe is very intentional and carefully measured by Allah • They believe humanity was created to serve God’s will and view humans as inherently good and the Qur’an declares humanity as the noblest of all creations • Satan is believed to have once been good and noble, but when he refused to honor Adam when asked to his purpose shifted to tempting humans to sin and misbehave. His role serves as a contemporary representation of humanity. • Sharia are Islamic laws that explain how all Muslims in the world must behave and these in combination with civil laws define the organization and behavior permitted

F I V E P I L LA R S O F I SLA M • Profession of Faith (shahada) - the belief that there is only one God and Muhammad is the messenger of God • Prayer (salat) - Muslims must pray 5 times a day at dawn, noon, mid-afternoon, sunset, and after dark and they must face Mecca when doing so • Alms (zakat) - Muslims must donate a fixed portion of their income to community members in need • Fasting (sawm) - During daylight hours of Ramadan, the 9th month of the Islamic calendar, Muslim adults must abstain from food and drink • Pilgrimage (hajj) - Every physically able Muslim must make at least one visit to the holy city of Mecca, located in present day Saudi Arabia

A RT & AR C HIT E C T U RE • The goal for the architecture in Islamabad was to blend traditional and modern architecture with modern patterns and requirements • Since physical representations of Allah are forbidden, complex geometric patterns are used to symbolize the complexity, divinity, and infinite capacity that defines Allah • Islamic motifs such as horseshoe arches and decorative maximalism are prevalent in design throughout Pakistan. They are present in Islamabad, but on a smaller scale as the city seeks to emphasize its modernity. • The arts focus primarily of poetry and traditional folk dances, women’s dances include Bhangra and Gidda • Pakistani and Indian cinema is very popular • Emeralds, Topaz, Rubies, Aquamarine and Tourmaline are gemstones all found in Pakistan and used in art and jewelry creation

CUISINE

• All cuisines are available in Islamabad • Pakistani cuisine draws influence from Indian and Mughal cuisine with curry dishes, masala spices, vegetables, lentils, and naan • Use a mix of spices referred to as Karri which is a mix of ground dried turmeric root, red chilli pepper or cayenne pepper, fenugreek seeds, and ground dried coriander seeds • Alcohol is forbidden in Islamic faith, so drinking tea is very popular, specifically chai tea and black tea • Religious laws with meat, defined in the Qur’an, extend to how the animal was slaughtered and prepared, the animal is not to suffer and blood is to be drained • Pork is forbidden under Islamic tenets, so the animal proteins of choice are lamb, mutton, chicken, beef, and fish • Rice wheat based flatbread, lentils, yogurt, nuts and fruits are served with a bowl of salt and act as staples throughout Pakistan

Defining The

Project

Concept Planning CONCEPT RELEVANCE Although tradition is important to cherish, changing times in Islamabad as well as the rest of the world illuminates the need for people to reconsider what traditions mean in a modern world. Elements of Sharia Law have plagued Pakistan for centuries yielding brutal gender inequalities. In recent years literacy for women in Pakistan has skyrocketed compared to the past. In the capital, women are now able to attend universities and get an education. Significant progress has been made regarding the conflict in the middle east, and social movements as well as social media have given the world the opportunity to step in and do their part in making the changes they want to see in the world. Many traditions have become outdated or deemed unethical in current times, and individuals have come together in a bottom-up approach to shape the world into a more accepting, understanding, safe, livable, and happy place. As Millennials and Generation Zers begin to take over the workforce, the progressive nature of these generations is finally able to be seen, and their initiatives pursued. Equal rights, the climate crisis and freedom of expression are several concerns of these generations that will be addressed through the fabrication of the Min Sed Hotel. The world is rooted in tradition and that will never be forgotten, however change is good as the world continues to progress.

CONCEPT STATEMENT The design will be inspired by the concept of redefining tradition. Elements of traditional Islamic design will be implemented in combination with modern forms and details to create an eclectic environment that touches on the past while exploring the future. This also reflects the idea that Islamabad is a new capital of an old state. Intricate patterns will be used throughout the design to reference the presence of Allah as Islam is the official religion of Islamabad. Materials native to the land will be used to establish a sense of place. Bold complimentary color choices will emphasize the contrast between old and new while creating stimulating, visually appealing spaces within the hotel. Amenities such as conference areas and print rooms will invite local users to enjoy the space in order to encourage communication and develop a sense of community. Compassion is built through connection, so once community is established, progress is inevitable. Sustainable implementations will be made in all aspects of the design in an effort to extend the Earth’s future. Through the use of both modern and traditional elements, the design will provide a unique and functional experience for guests that captures the essence of Islamabad in an authentic and positive, forward thinking way.

Color Scheme

C O L O R SYM B O L O GY • Orange - represents confidence, joy, and enthusiasm. It encourages social interaction and creativity • Pink - symbolizes youth, good health, and playfulness • Purple - symbolizes royalty, grandeur, independence, wisdom, devotion, extravagance, pride, and creativity • Black - represents power, fear, mystery, strength, authority, elegance

I N T H E I SL A M I C WO R L D • Yellow - symbolizes prosperity and success which are considered stepping stones to happiness. It also represents the beauty of nature as it relates to gold but is considered to be a feminine color. • White - represents cleanliness and purity as it relates to Allah • Blue - represents the depth of the world in terms of divinity • Brown - symbolizes purity • Green - is the color of Islam and is used to pay homage to the land • Red - symbolizes passion, love, and bravery

Project Goals The design of the Min Sed Hotel will connect to the culture of Islamabad while celebrating social progress through the built environment composed of a combination of modern and traditional forms. The guestroom experience will be one of relaxation and bliss in contrast to the eye catching, stimulating color scheme of the public spaces meant to encourage interaction. The design will cater to local residents of Islamabad in addition to its guests in order to remain a highly functional space when travel is scarce. The locals will add a level of familiarity and a sense of community within the hotel as well. The design will be successful in shaping the experiences of a variety of travelers through the use of mixed spaces and business amenities in addition to amenities designed for leisure. The vibrant nature of the design will work to excite users about the beautiful city of Islamabad as well as the world of possibility that the design seeks to represent. University students, diplomats, families, and others will be able to use the spaces cohesively, opening up opportunity for new connections, possibly like a hub of networking for some. Employee satisfaction will be prioritized by designing the back of house areas with the same intention and luxury as that of the public and guest spaces. Natural light will be maximized and utilized strategically in order to provide all users of the space with the benefits of biophilia and to reduce the use of artificial light in an effort for sustainability. Sustainability will be a main focus throughout the entire design process in order to create a building that takes advantage of the Earth’s resources rather than one that ultimately damages the environment to help combat the climate crisis. A sense of control will be granted to users in terms of lighting, temperature, seating and more to improve the guest experience. The guestrooms will be designed with comfort and sleeping conditions in mind to ensure that guests have restful nights and ultimately return for another stay.

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a moment in time glistens over the mountainous terrain in the distance while a shuttle transports you from the airport through

y of Islamabad. The driver comes to a stop in front of the grand entrance of the newly built boutique hotel and

enter located at the city’s center. White, marble columns on the exterior give it a luxurious feel as they lead

tly colored building. The contrast in materials and neutrality creates a sense of wonder as to what the interior

n entering, the enormous horseshoe arch shaped window behind the check-in desk illuminates the lobby.

gh the arch, you are greeted with a pristine courtyard full of beautiful, native plants and peaceful seating

. Stained glass arches outside catch your eye as they create an array of colorful shadows and reflections as

e shade and separation in this area. Now you are eager to check in and put your stuff down just to be able to

derland of a courtyard. As you look down at the geometric patterned floor, the sunlight is making the metallic

atural stone sparkle. Up above, a magnificent chandelier composed of three pendants reflects light patterns

g. To the right, you are greeted with an inviting lounge area. The colorful furniture contrasts the sleek flooring,

ea feel very inviting.

hecking in, you are guided past the lounge to a glass elevator that overlooks the lobby, courtyard, and

ews. As you pass the mezzanine level you see the eclectic design of the tea bar and seating areas equipped work and vacation lounging. The next level has you overlooking the interior and exterior portions of the

ditional Islamic forms paired with modern details define the space in a unique, cultural, and elegant fashion,

ough a dimly lit ambiance.

ou reach your floor, you are welcomed with soft lounge seating as well as a very accessible and graceful

ou are looking forward to using the space as sunset is right around the corner. Looking around you notice

lined with art created by local artists. As you get closer to read the blurbs about each piece you notice they

ame deeper meaning of social progress and work to promote positive messages. The intricate design of the

and ceiling pendants create dynamic reflections around the hallway as they guide your eye down the path

s. You reach into your pocket and pull out your sustainably made room key while your other hand reaches

, brushed gold lever handle attached to the sturdy, wooden door. Daylight flows into the hallway as soon as

cked. A small hallway passes the closet and bathroom as it leads to the main area of your room. Your eyes

he bold, modern wallpaper behind the bed frame. Colors from the wallpaper are picked up through other

e space, making it look and feel cohesive. The plush bedding and giant pillows pull you towards the bed and

resist as you throw your body up in the air to be caught by this cozy scene. You feel yourself reach an elite

axation. Once you sit up you see the comprehensive desk set up and remember your purpose for being there.

ht hits the desk perfectly to illuminate the workspace without shadows interrupting and the custom millwork

ds visual interest to the room while providing storage and added functional components. The room service

yed on a touch screen display built into the bed frame over the night stand. Your mouth begins to water as slideshow of available dishes. You place an order of Pakoras to be delivered to the downstairs courtyard in

hen your colleagues are expected to arrive. As you move back towards the door you stop in the bathroom back by the sleek charm it possesses. The mirror is lined with a strip of light and as you stare at your reflection flawless than ever. A small portion of the mirror can be turned on into a TV screen or used to communicate

a video call. The background, lighting, and seating are set up accordingly to give off a clean, professional

osaic details and a large glass shower door add an element of radiance to the space. wait for your colleagues to arrive, you begin to explore the other parts of the hotel. Taking in all of the

rtwork, views, culture, and architecture your feelings of excitement grow for the week ahead while you scout

desirable places to sit and enjoy.

FF&E NEEDS By correct specification of FF&E manipulating an allday dining area to a breakfast room or break-out area during a business conference is important in food and beverage areas in hotels. Lighting needs to be dimmable and furniture needs to be as nonfixed as possible. Incorporate an open buffet counter within this area too, with good storage underneath. This is always a great way to accommodate multiuse gatherings, to serve a buffet breakfast for guests or to accommodate snacks and beverages for a break-out area. Finishes throughout the hotel, but especially in corridors need to be durable such as. fabric backed wall covering, good quality carpet and so on. It is here where good carpet design is required to break up what is often a “long corridor feeling”. Stone native to the region should be used as countertops, certain areas of flooring, and within mosaics to reduce the carbon output created by shipping materials from other parts of the world, as well as to embrace the natural beauty of the area, encouraging users to develop a sense of place. Wallcoverings must be cleanable, vinyl is a good option Upholstered furniture should be used in communal areas in order to help with acoustics. Additionally, upholstered furniture should be used cautiously and have some sort of base or non upholstered legs for easy cleaning that ensures the fabric will not get damaged in the process. Since Islamabad gets heavy amounts of rainfall, providing finishes by the points of entry that will prevent users from slipping is imperative. Also, implementing flooring materials that will not be damaged by water will go a long way in terms of upkeep. Due to the attacks Islamabad has faced in recent years, using materials such as bullet proof glass on the windows and other sturdy building components will ensure safety for all occupants.

Inspiration

Codes

Code Analysis O C C U PA N C Y ASSEMBLY GROUP: A-2 & A-3 The hotel will be classified as an A-2 group due to the restaurant and other food and beverage locations within the space. The hotel will also be classified as an A-3 group due to a potential indoor swimming pool.

RESIDENTIAL GROUP: R-2 The hotel will fall under the R-2 group because the building will be classified as a transient hotel.

MERCANTILE GROUP: M The hotel will fall under an M Group since the floorplan will contain a retail space.

EGRESS CONSTRUCTION TYPE: I & II When a building contains 2 or more occupants, the egress requirements will apply to each portion of the building based on the occupancy of the spaces. Where 2 or more occupants utilize portions of the same means of egress system, those egress components shall meet the more stringent requirements of all occupancies that are served The number of exits will be determined by the occupant load of each space once the schematic design phase begins.

Code Analysis

AC C E S S I B I L I T Y At least one accessible route within the site must be provided from public transportation stops, accessible parking, accessible loading zones, etc. At least one accessible route must connect accessible components such as buildings, facilities, elements, and spaces that are on the same site. At least one accessible route must connect each accessible story, mezzanine, and occupied roofs in multilevel buildings and facilities.

I N T E R I O R E N V I R O NM E N T OCCUPANCY For mixed use buildings, each portion must be individually classified per area. This process will take place during the schematic design phase.

ROOF Elements or structure enclosing the occupied roof areas must not extend more than 48” above the surface of the roof.

LIGHTING Every space intended for human occupancy must be provided with light by means of natural light through exterior glazed openings or artificial light.

Site Analysis

LOCATION 1

DIPLOMATIC SECTOR

LOCATION 2

CAPITAL TERRITORY SECTOR

LOCATION 3

EDUCATION SECTOR

Location 1

Location 3

Rawal Lake Park & Lake Park View Boat club Mosque Church Islamabad Serena Hotel - much larger, so a smaller boutique hotel will appeal to certain travelers • Nearest Public Transportation - 10 minutes away • Rose & jasmine garden

A D JAC E N C I E S

Location 2

• • • • •

• Pakistan Monument & Museum • Shakarparian National Park & picnic point • Lotus Lake Park • Open Air Theater • Islamabad View Point • Mosque • Amusement Park • Nearest Public Transportation - 2 minutes away • Within 20 minutes of Fatima Jinnah Park, Centarus Mall & Faisal Mosque

• Many universities and public schools • Pakistan Council of Renewable Energy • Mosque • Nearest Public Transportation - 3 minutes away • Within 20 min of Fatima Jinnah Park, Pakistan Monument, Faisal Mosque & Islamabad Zoo

A NA LY S I S

This location is located within the diplomatic sector, making it very convenient for those traveling for work at the various embassies. Other individuals occupying the region of Islamabad would also be able to use the business amenities that the conference center elements offer. The close proximity to a Church will grant Christian travelers a space for them to practice their religion. Additionally, close proximity to greenery is an advantage. It is further from desirable tourist attractions, the furthest location from the airport and public transportation options. Also, it is about half an hour from the education sector, making it less convenient for people visiting the universities.

This location is located within the capital territory sector which is in the heart of the city. This makes it an ideal location for a boutique style hotel. The close proximity to major tourist attractions and national parks is great for users looking to vacation. If diplomats travel with their families, while they are working, this location provides easy access to an array of activities. It is not directly within the education diplomatic sector, however it is not too far and public transportation is made very accessible.

This location is located within the educational sector, making it very convenient for travelers seeking to visit any of the 20 universities here. The chosen location is right off the International Islamic University Islamabad campus, which is the largest university in the area. Since it is directly next to the Pakistan Council of Renewable Energy, the opportunity arises to collaborate in creating a hotel that prioritizes sustainability. The capital territory is also very accessible from this location. The location strays away from the main part of the city and is distant from the diplomatic sector, making it somewhat inconvenient for diplomats and their families to stay here.

Design Planning

MAIN ENTRANCE EMPLOYEE ENTRANCE LOADING DOCK CHECK IN STAFF AREA MANAGER OFFICES FOOD PREP / F&B STORAGE HOUSEKEEPING / BOH MECHANICAL AND ELECTRIC STORAGE GUESTROOMS PRAYER AREA CONFERENCE AREA COMPUTER / PRINT ROOM GYM SPA POOL RETAIL BALLROOM RESTAURANT TEA BAR COFFEE BAR CAFE GUEST LOUNGE CHILD CARE AREA PUBLIC RESTROOM LOCKER ROOM COURTYARD 1 COURTYARD 2

Bubble Diagrams DESIGN SCHEME 1

PROS

• Prayer area has access to courtyard • Public spaces grouped • BOH spaces grouped • Retail, refreshments, and lounge area allow visitors to entertain themselves while they wait to check in

CONS

FIRST FLOOR

• Restaurant is located directly next to the courtyard • The prayer area is distant from the staff area

PROS

• Good location of kitchen in relation to loading dock, ballroom and restaurant • Spa and gym both have access to locker room and are separated for acoustics • Central tea bar makes it inviting for communication • Restroom attached to but separate from locker room • Spa and restaurant have access to courtyard • Child care center located with all the other public spaces • Grouped by how social the space is

CONS

SECOND FLOOR

• There is no housekeeping on this level • Spa and gym users have to pass through the public and fancy area to reach their destination unless they take the stairs • Having courtyards 2 floors in a row to accommodate this one makes the one below less grand

PROS

• All conference spaces are together • Guestrooms get to overlook the courtyard • Housekeeping conveniently located to reach both the conference area and guestrooms

CONS

• Conference and guestrooms sharing a floor makes it so separation is needed for safety

THIRD FLOOR PROS

• Prayer area secluded and has courtyard access • Housekeeping good • Added stairs allow for a visually pleasing design element and people on the guest floor above have easy access to the courtyard

CONS

• The stairs may conflict with circulation patterns • Providing circulation around the courtyard limits space for guestrooms on this floor

FOURTH FLOOR

Bubble Diagrams

DESIGN SCHEME 1

PROS

• Guestrooms have view over the courtyard • Linear row of rooms is practical • Circulation good around elevator and stairs • Restroom for pool so guests do not need to go all the way back to their rooms

CONS

FIFTH FLOOR

• Guestrooms do not stack in the same way as the floor below • Stairs may make for limited circulation • Radial guestroom arrangement may account for unusual dimensions

PROS

• Courtyard overlook outlines unique design for cabana area • Pool accessible right off of elevator and stairs • Upstairs lounge on corner for good views • Large area for equipment • BOH area in close proximity to equipment and lounge

CONS

• Regular pool seating is distant from the guest lounge • Rooftop pool may not be ideal in Islamabad since it is rainy

ROOF

Blocking Diagrams DESIGN SCHEME 1 A

PRAYER AREA

COURTYARD

REST ROOMS

Key BOH

1.2

PUBLIC SPACES STAFF AREA

INTIMATE PUBLIC SPACES

CHECK-IN 2

REFRESHMENTS AREA

FOOD & BEV 3

RETAIL SPACE

LOUNGE SEATING

MANAGER OFFICES

COMPUTER / PRINT ROOM

3.8

FIRST FLOOR Level 1 A = 1'-0" 3/32"

SPA

1.2

RESTAURANT

KITCHEN & FOOD STORAGE TEA BAR

REST ROOMS

LOCKER ROOM

LOUNGE SEATING CHILD CARE AREA

SECOND FLOOR

Level 1 3/32" = 1'-0"

CAFE COURTYARD

GUESTROOMS POOL OPEN TO BELOW

GYM

SEATING / WORKSPACE COURTYARD

GUEST ONLY PUBLIC SPACES

BALLROOM 3.8 4

Blocking Diagrams DESIGN SCHEME 1

GUEST ROOM

GUEST ROOM GUEST ROOM

COURTYARD OVERLOOK

COFFEE BAR

GUEST ROOM

1.2

Key BOH PUBLIC SPACES INTIMATE PUBLIC SPACES

HOUSEKEEPING

GUEST ONLY PUBLIC SPACES FOOD & BEV

SEATING / WORKSPACE COURTYARD

CONFERENCE AREA

3.8 4

Level 1 3/32" = 1'-0"

GUEST ROOM

COURTYARD

GUEST ROOM

PRAYER AREA

ICE

STAIRS

1.2

HOUSEKEEPING

GUEST ROOM

3.8 4

FOURTH FLOOR

Level 1 3/32" = 1'-0"

POOL OPEN TO BELOW

THIRD FLOOR 1

GUESTROOMS

Blocking Diagrams DESIGN SCHEME 1 B

Key

GUEST ROOM

ICE

GUEST ROOM

1.2

GUEST ROOM

COURTYARD OVERLOOK

GUEST ROOM

PUBLIC SPACES INTIMATE PUBLIC SPACES

STAIRS

BOH

HOUSEKEEPING

GUEST ONLY PUBLIC SPACES FOOD & BEV

SEATING / WORKSPACE

GUEST ROOM

COURTYARD 3.8 4

FIFTH FLOOR Level 1 1 3/32" = 1'-0"

COURTYARD OVERLOOK

ROOFTOP LOUNGE 1.2

POOL & DECK

BOH 3

EQUIPMENT 3.8 4

ROOF

Level 1 1 3/32" = 1'-0"

GUESTROOMS POOL OPEN TO BELOW

Stacking Diagrams DESIGN SCHEME 1 POOL & DECK

Key

EQUIPMENT

BOH PUBLIC SPACES INTIMATE PUBLIC SPACES GUEST ONLY PUBLIC SPACES FOOD & BEV GUESTROOMS

SEATING / WORKSPACE COURTYARD

GUESTROOMS

GUESTROOMS CONFERENCE AREA

GYM

CHILD CARE AREA

RETAIL SPACE

OPEN TO BELOW

LOUNGE SEATING

BALLROOM

COMPUTER / PRINT ROOM

LOUNGE SEATING

POOL

MANAGER OFFICES

1 1.2

3.8 4

Level 1 3/32" = 1'-0"

Bubble Diagrams DESIGN SCHEME 2

PROS

• Prayer area has access to courtyard • The print room and public restroom are grouped for convenience • Prayer area is close to all employee areas • Check in is visible upon walking in

CONS

• Retail area is somewhat hidden • Refreshment area may be overlooked due to its location

FIRST FLOOR

PROS

• Tea bar is conveniently located in terms of circulation • Various types of seating allow for choice

CONS

• The tea bar is not visible from the entrance which is visually undesirable

MEZZANINE

Bubble Diagrams DESIGN SCHEME 2

PROS

• The BOH areas are conveniently located near one another • The kitchen reaches both the restaurant and the ballroom • The locker room is convenient for both the gym and spa • Gym and spa have courtyard views • Child care center is good adjacency for conference space • Restroom is visible upon exiting the elevator • Spa and restaurant are able to share courtyard space

CONS

SECOND FLOOR

• Conference area is somewhat small • Locker room and general public bathroom are separate which is not ideal for plumbing • Child care area has no access to daylight

PROS

• Good layout of guest rooms with suites on corners and 20 rooms total on the floor • Housekeeping is in good, consistent location • Coffee bar for conference area and guests of the floor

CONS

• The conference area has no access to daylight • Public space is mixed in with guestrooms

THIRD FLOOR

PROS

• Prayer area connecting to courtyard is pristine • Consistent layout of housekeeping and guestrooms • Lounge seating outside elevator encourages interaction

FOURTH FLOOR

Blocking Diagrams DESIGN SCHEME 2 A

RETAIL AREA

Key

COURTYARD

MANAGER OFFICES

PRAYER AREA

1.2

STAFF AREA

LOUNGE SEATING

REFRESHMENTS AREA

3.8 4

FIRST FLOOR C

1 1.2

LOUNGE SEATING TEA BAR

3.8 4

MEZZANINE

Level 1 3/32" = 1'-0"

SEATING / WORKSPACE COURTYARD

COMPUTER / PRINT ROOM

GUEST ONLY PUBLIC SPACES FOOD & BEV

RESTROOMS

Level 1 3/32" A = 1'-0"

PUBLIC SPACES INTIMATE PUBLIC SPACES

CHECK-IN

BOH

GUESTROOMS POOL OPEN TO BELOW

Blocking Diagrams DESIGN SCHEME 2 A

Key

SPA

CAFE 1.2

COURTYARD

RESTAURANT

KITCHEN & FOOD STORAGE

CONFERENCE AREA

BALLROOM

Level 1 3/32" A = 1'-0"

3.8

GUEST ROOM

COFFEE BAR

1.2

HOUSEKEEPING

CONFERENCE AREA

GUEST ROOM

3.8 4

THIRD FLOOR

Level 1 3/32" = 1'-0"

GUESTROOMS POOL

SEATING / WORKSPACE COURTYARD

SECOND FLOOR 1

GUEST ONLY PUBLIC SPACES FOOD & BEV

HOUSEKEEPING

REST ROOMS

CHILD CARE AREA

PUBLIC SPACES INTIMATE PUBLIC SPACES

LOCKER ROOM GYM

BOH

OPEN TO BELOW

Blocking Diagrams DESIGN SCHEME 2 B

PRAYER AREA

GUEST ROOM

COURTYARD OVERLOOK

GUEST ROOM

LOUNGE SEATING

1.2

HOUSEKEEPING

GUEST ONLY PUBLIC SPACES

SEATING / WORKSPACE

GUEST ROOM

COURTYARD GUEST ROOM

GUEST ROOM

FOURTH FLOOR

PUBLIC SPACES

FOOD & BEV

3.8 4

Level 1 3/32" = 1'-0"

BOH

INTIMATE PUBLIC SPACES

Key

GUESTROOMS POOL OPEN TO BELOW

Stacking Diagrams

DESIGN SCHEME 2

Key BOH PUBLIC SPACES INTIMATE PUBLIC SPACES GUEST ONLY PUBLIC SPACES FOOD & BEV GUESTROOMS

SEATING / WORKSPACE COURTYARD

GUESTROOMS

GUESTROOMS GUESTROOMS

POOL OPEN TO BELOW

CONFERENCE AREA

BALLROOM

BOH TEA BAR

LOUNGE SEATING

REFRESHMENTS AREA

LOUNGE SEATING

COMPUTER / PRINT ROOM

STAFF AREA

1 1.2

3.8 4

Level 1 3/32" = 1'-0"

Bubble Diagrams DESIGN SCHEME 3

PROS

• Public spaces are on the perimeter • Corner entrance gives a full view of the lobby upon walking in • Retain right at entrance will encourage spending • Good restroom location • Prayer area close to BOH areas • Good circulation • Check in adjacent to elevators • BOH has direct access to check in

CONS

FIRST FLOOR

• There is no courtyard • Prayer area somewhat hidden for guests entering • Print area location is less convenient • Visually undesirable

PROS

• Tea bar easily visible upon entering • Full length mezzanine allows for better circulation

CONS

• Not a lot of space on the exiting side of elevators • Elevators obstruct view

MEZZANINE

PROS

• Spa and gym are able to share the locker room while both having access to natural views • Good relationship between ballroom, housekeeping, and the conference area • Indoor courtyard opens up the space and adds nice views • Coffee bar near conference space but open to the whole floor • Kitchen conveniently located between restaurant and ballroom • Locker room and bathroom for the rest of the spaces are separate but connected for plumbing purposes

CONS

SECOND FLOOR

• Indoor courtyard might make it louder • Limited circulation • Noises from the gym might be distracting in the spa or restaurant

PROS

• Housekeeping and guestrooms are in good consistent location

CONS

• Prayer area by the stairs might have interruptions

THIRD FLOOR

Bubble Diagrams DESIGN SCHEME 3

PROS

• Guest room arrangement allows for a lot of creativity and exploration in design • Guest lounge had desirable adjacency to housekeeping • Guest lounge on a high floor to be more secluded

CONS

• The change in guest room layout may cause complications • Guest lounge could be difficult to find

FIFTH FLOOR

Blocking Diagrams DESIGN SCHEME 3 A

Key

RESTROOMS

COMPUTER / PRINT ROOM

REFRESHMENTS AREA

PRAYER AREA

1.2

STAFF AREA

CHECK-IN

RETAIL AREA

3.8

MANAGER OFFICES

FIRST FLOOR C

1 1.2

LOUNGE SEATING TEA BAR

3.8 4

MEZZANINE

Level 1 3/32" = 1'-0"

SEATING / WORKSPACE COURTYARD

GUEST ONLY PUBLIC SPACES FOOD & BEV

LOUNGE SEATING

Level 1 3/32" A = 1'-0"

PUBLIC SPACES INTIMATE PUBLIC SPACES

BOH

GUESTROOMS POOL OPEN TO BELOW

Blocking Diagrams DESIGN SCHEME 3 A

Key

GYM

SPA

1.2

RESTAURANT

REST ROOMS

LOCKER ROOM

COFFEE BAR

KITCHEN & FOOD STORAGE

HOUSEKEEPING

3.8 4

GUEST ROOM

PRAYER AREA

1.2

HOUSEKEEPING

GUEST ROOM

3.8 4

THIRD FLOOR

Level 1 3/32" = 1'-0"

SEATING / WORKSPACE COURTYARD

BALLROOM

SECOND FLOOR Level 1 3/32" A = 1'-0"

GUEST ONLY PUBLIC SPACES FOOD & BEV

PUBLIC SPACES INTIMATE PUBLIC SPACES

CONFERENCE AREA

BOH

GUESTROOMS POOL OPEN TO BELOW

GUEST LOUNGE

GUEST ROOM

1 1.2

HOUSEKEEPING

GUEST ROOM

PUBLIC SPACES

SEATING / WORKSPACE COURTYARD

3.8 4

FIFTH FLOOR

GUEST ONLY PUBLIC SPACES FOOD & BEV

Level 1 3/32" = 1'-0"

BOH

INTIMATE PUBLIC SPACES UP

Key

GUESTROOMS POOL OPEN TO BELOW

Stacking Diagrams DESIGN SCHEME 3

Key BOH PUBLIC SPACES INTIMATE PUBLIC SPACES GUEST ONLY PUBLIC SPACES FOOD & BEV GUESTROOMS

SEATING / WORKSPACE COURTYARD

GUESTROOMS

GUESTROOMS GUESTROOMS

BALLROOM

CHECK-IN

LOUNGE SEATING

OPEN TO BELOW

BOH

CONFERENCE AREA

RETAIL AREA

POOL

TEA BAR ON MEZ MANAGER OFFICES

1 1.2

3.8 4

Level 1 3/32" = 1'-0"

Moving Forward

Process Work

Works Cited (n.d.). Retrieved January 23, 2021, from https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/ search/140005957 Anwer, S. (2019, November 25). These Gems prove that Northern Pakistan is Stunning Inside-Out. Retrieved January 23, 2021, from https://www.parhlo.com/these-gems-prove-that-northern-pakistan-is-stunning-inside-out/ Customs and Cuisine of Pakistan. (n.d.). Retrieved January 23, 2021, from https://diningforwomen. org/customsandcuisine/customs-and-cuisine-of-pakistan/ Davis, D. (n.d.). HotelsNow. Retrieved January 23, 2021, from https://www.hotelnewsnow.com/Articles/290952/Back-of-house-design-aims-for-staff-comfort-retention Fox, J. (2018, January 25). The psychology behind lobby design. Retrieved January 23, 2021, from https://www.hotelmanagement.net/design/psychology-behind-lobby-design Islamabad. (2021, January 04). Retrieved January 23, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamabad Islamabad. (n.d.). Retrieved January 23, 2021, from https://www.britannica.com/place/Islamabad Penner, R. H., Robson, S. K., & Adams, L. (2013). Hotel design: Planning and development. New York: London. Prayer. (n.d.). Retrieved January 23, 2021, from https://www.britannica.com/topic/Islam/Prayer Smart city. (2021, January 21). Retrieved January 23, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Smart_city Teder, M., Monica Teder / About Author More posts by Monica Teder, & Teder, M. (2020, June 04). Hotel Lobby Design Reflects Identity. Retrieved January 23, 2021, from https://comelite-arch.com/ blog/hotel-lobby-design-reflects-identity/ User-Twitter. (2018, October 14). Top 10 must visit places in Islamabad. Retrieved January 23, 2021, from https://www.benchok.com/2018/10/top-10-must-visit-places-Islamabad.html?utm_medium=social&utm_source=pinterest&utm_campaign=tailwind_tribes&utm_content=tribes&utm_ term=707925554_28435718_504678 WebstaurantStore. (2019, May 20). Front of House vs. Back of House. Retrieved January 23, 2021, from https://www.webstaurantstore.com/article/5/front-of-house-vs-back-of-house.html#BOH Wellington’s Naumi Studio Hotel is a joyful pattern overload. (2021, January 14). Retrieved January 23, 2021, from https://thespaces.com/wellingtons-naumi-studio-hotel-is-a-joyful-pattern-overload/

Inspiratio