Flash on English Intermediate WB by ELI Publishing

Step-by-step teaching notes, tips and background notes on cultural issues Wide offer of photocopiable testing materials Editable tests in the Multi-ROM Test Maker FLIP BOOK An interactive, IWB-compatible version of the Coursebook containing all recordings, links, reference materials and extras Course components Student’s Book Workbook with Audio CD Teacher’s Resource Pack Class Audio CDs Multi-ROM Test Maker Teacher’s FLIP BOOK Flash on English Online Resources

INTERMEDIATE WORKBOOK

For the Teacher

Fl ash on English

Clearly-structured units Double linguistic input in each unit Focus on authentic real-world language Clearly structured grammar presentations Extensive recycling and review of language Exploitation of different learning styles and mixed-ability features Culture, CLIL and Literature lessons in every unit Graded and practical study-skills guide Grammar reinforcement with extensive explanations and practice in the Workbook

L. Prodromou with S. Minardi, P. Prodromou, J. Bowie

FLASH on English is a motivating, easy-to-use, four-level course which takes teenage learners from Elementary through to Upper Intermediate level. The comprehensive syllabus provides thorough grammar, vocabulary and skills work, builds students’ language awareness and encourages fluency and self-confidence. The combination of printed, digital and online material enhances the learning experience and helps teachers respond to students’ needs.

Common European Framework

A2 B1 B2 C1 C2

ONLINE RESOURCES

AUDIO CD

Contents 1 Fair Play Focus on Grammar Grammar and Vocabulary Practice English in Context Vocabulary Builder Skills

p. 4 p. 6 p. 8 p. 10 p. 11

2 A Better World Focus on Grammar Grammar and Vocabulary Practice English in Context Vocabulary Builder Skills

p. p. p. p. p.

12 14 16 18 19

p. p. p. p. p.

20 22 24 26 27

p. p. p. p. p.

28 30 32 34 35

p. p. p. p. p.

36 38 40 42 43

p. p. p. p. p.

44 46 48 50 51

3 Popular Legends Focus on Grammar Grammar and Vocabulary Practice English in Context Vocabulary Builder Skills

4 The Media Focus on Grammar Grammar and Vocabulary Practice English in Context Vocabulary Builder Skills

5 Images Focus on Grammar Grammar and Vocabulary Practice English in Context Vocabulary Builder Skills

6 The Food of Love Focus on Grammar Grammar and Vocabulary Practice English in Context Vocabulary Builder Skills

7 Too Much TV Focus on Grammar Grammar and Vocabulary Practice English in Context Vocabulary Builder Skills

p. p. p. p. p.

52 54 56 58 59

8 We’ve Got Rights! Focus on Grammar Grammar and Vocabulary Practice English in Context Vocabulary Builder Skills

p. 60 p. 62 p. 64 p. 66 p. 67

9 Our Future

Focus on Grammar Grammar and Vocabulary Practice English in Context Vocabulary Builder Skills

p. p. p. p. p.

68 70 72 74 75

ocus on Grammar F Grammar and Vocabulary Practice English in Context Vocabulary Builder Skills

p. p. p. p. p.

76 78 80 82 83

Useful expressions: writing and speaking

p. 84

Irregular verbs

p. 87

Phrasal verbs list

p. 88

Self-assessment grids – B1

p. 90

Audioscripts

p. 92

10 Role Models

Fair Play Focus on Grammar

Present perfect continuous Affirmative form

Negative form

Interrogative form

Short answers affirmative

negative

I have been working You have been working He has been working She has been working It has been working We have been working You have been working They have been working

I haven’t been working You haven’t been working He hasn’t been working She hasn’t been working It hasn’t been working We haven’t been working You haven’t been working They haven’t been working

Have I been working? Have you been working? Has he been working? Has she been working? Has it been working? Have we been working? Have you been working? Have they been working?

Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes,

No, I haven’t. No, you haven’t. No, he hasn’t. No, she hasn’t. No, it hasn’t. No, we haven’t. No, you haven’t. No, they haven’t.

I have. you have. he has. she has. it has. we have. you have. they have.

• To form the Present perfect continuous we use the following structure:

Present perfect continuous vs Present perfect simple

have / has + been + -ing form of the verb

• We use the Present perfect continuous to talk about an action that began in the past and that is still in progress. This tense emphasises the duration, length, continuity of the action when we are focusing on the action rather than on the results. I’ve been cooking all day. (the focus is on the action and the length of time)

I’ve been working here for 5 years. • We use the Present perfect continuous to describe an action that has taken place over a long period of time and that is still in progress at the time of speaking or that has just stopped. I’m exhausted! I’ve been painting my room for hours.

! We don’t use the Present perfect continuous with verbs that do not take the -ing form. With these verbs we use the Present perfect simple or the Past simple. Here are some examples of verbs that do not take the -ing form: – state verbs: be, cost, fit, mean, suit. – verbs of possession: belong, have. – sense verbs: feel, hear, see, smell, taste. – feeling verbs: hate, like, love, prefer, regret, want, wish. – opinion / thought verbs: believe, know, think, understand.

• We use the Present perfect simple to talk about the result of an action that is finished now. I’ve baked a delicious cake today. (the focus is on the result of the action, i.e. the cake)

Purpose and reason • In English we use the infinitive to talk about the purpose of or the reason for an action. She’s here to help us. • In addition to the infinitive of purpose, we can also introduce the purpose of or the reason for an action with the following expressions: – so as to / in order to + base form of the verb for more formal situations. I went to the Embassy in order to get my visa. – so (that) + modal verb in sentences where the subject is different in the second clause. I’ll close the window so that you won’t be cold.

• With so (that) we use the modal verbs can, will or may: – in the present tense when the verb in the main clause is in a Present tense, in the Present perfect or in the Future. I’ll turn down the volume so that she can sleep. I’ll close the window so that you won’t be cold. – in the past tense (could, would, might) when the verb in the main clause is in a Past tense. He was speaking softly so that the others couldn’t hear him. She made the test very easy so that everyone would pass it.

My Glossary Sports ball basketball bat boxing circuit (golf) club competition course court cup final foul gloves goal ice-skating marathon medal motor-racing net off-side penalty pitch pool racket referee rink score

________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

speed tackle team throw in to compete to go skiing to train whistle

________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

The Olympic games athlete Olympics Olympic rings Olympic sport

________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

Collocations to commit a foul to go on a diet to go on holiday to score a goal to shake hands to take a corner to take part in to win a penalty

________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

Other... nouns face

________________

height length slope snow wind

________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

adjectives aware impressed polite sporting tough wet

________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

verbs to check to fall down to host to improve to look for to reach to retire to send off

________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

adverbs approximately professionally regularly

________________ ________________ ________________

Fair Play

Grammar and Vocabulary Practice

Grammar

Present perfect continuous

1 Make sentences and questions using the Present perfect continuous and the words below.

1 I / not live / here for long. I haven’t been living here for long. 2 She / try / to call him for hours. _________________________________________ 3 We / work / with each other / since 2006. _________________________________________ 4 He / not / play / very well recently. _________________________________________ 5 you / read / those comics? _________________________________________ 6 My sister / travel / for four months now. _________________________________________ 7 they / practise / their moves? _________________________________________ 8 You / learn / to cook! This is delicious! _________________________________________ 9 You / not / study recently. Your test was terrible. _________________________________________

Say if the action is continuing in the present (P) or if it has just finished (F).

1 I’ve been waiting for Tim for twenty minutes. P 2 We’ve been trying to get into the football team for ages. ___ 3 You’ve been studying hard, you have full marks in the exam. ___ 4 We scored a lot of points because we’ve been training every day. ___ 5 I’ve been tidying since you left! ___ 6 We’ve been looking for the best players for the team for a month now. ___ 7 You’ve been eating biscuits all afternoon, that’s why you’re not hungry now. ___

4 Write sentences using the information below and the Present perfect continuous of the verbs in brackets.

2 Write sentences using the Present perfect continuous and the information below.

1 My neighbour came out to cut his grass an hour ago and he hasn’t finished. My neighbour’s been cutting his grass for an hour. 2 I moved here in 2008, and I still live here. _________________________________________ 3 We started studying English when we were little, and we still study it. _________________________________________ 4 My class began this study project three weeks ago, and we haven’t finished it yet. _________________________________________ 5 This tap started dripping two days ago, and it’s still dripping now. _________________________________________ 6 I started this exercise four minutes ago and I’m still doing it. _________________________________________ 7 We’re still waiting but we didn’t arrive long ago. _________________________________________

1 A dog is sitting beside a hole in the garden. (dig) He’s been digging a hole. 2 A person is wet from head to foot. (rain) _________________________________________ 3 A girl scores sixteen baskets in one basketball match. (practise) _________________________________________ 4 A boy is sitting with dirty football boots and a football. (play) _________________________________________ 5 Two people are reading a shopping list to check it. (write) _________________________________________ 6 A friend arrives with a beautiful suntan. (sunbathe) _________________________________________ 7 Some people get off a bus in the late afternoon carrying skis. (ski) _________________________________________ 8 A man turns off the TV at midnight. His eyes are very tired. (watch) _________________________________________ 9 A woman got a job in a company four years ago and she still works there. (work) _________________________________________

Purpose and reason 5

Match the action with its reason.

1 I’m writing a good reference for you in order to 2 I’ll put on my alarm clock so 3 I play a lot of tennis to 4 I keep a diary in order to 5 I want to go on holiday so that 6 We’re saving all our pocket money to 7 I’m going to contact the newspapers in order to a get some publicity. b remember all my appointments. c buy a new CD player. d we wake up on time. 1 e help you get the job. f keep fit. g I can get some rest.

Make sentences using in order to and so (that).

1 She wants to win the championship. She’s training hard. (so) She’s training hard so she can win the championship. 2 She’s saving her money. She wants to go to America this summer. (in order to) _________________________________________ 3 He’s wearing headphones. He doesn’t want to hear the noise from outside. (so) _________________________________________ 4 I’m opening an online bank account. I want to pay my bills from home. (in order to) _________________________________________ 5 We need to find a time when everyone is free. That way we can all come to training sessions. (so) _________________________________________ 6 You have to practise every day. It’s the way to really improve. (in order to) _________________________________________ 7 I’m studying French because I want to understand people when I go there. (so) _________________________________________ 8 I’m writing to you because I want to apply for a place at your school. (in order to) _________________________________________ 9 Let’s go on Saturday evening. That way we can stay out late. (so) _________________________________________

Vocabulary Sports equipment 7

Underline the correct word in the sentences.

1 Are you going to play tennis? Don’t forget your racket / club. 2 He jumped incredibly high and pushed the ball into the goal / basket. 3 Have you seen how fast she is on a pair of skis / boots? 4 Take off your boots / boxing gloves outside the changing room or you’ll dirty the floor. 5 Look, the referee is taking out his whistle / basket! 6 If it’s oval then it’s a rugby / golf ball. 7 He went down to the beach carrying his net / surf board. 8 Be careful how you use that golf club / racket, you might hurt someone. 9 Put a basket / net on the back of the goals or the ball will fly off the pitch.

Sporting locations 8 Complete the dialogue with words from the box. There is one extra word. water polo circuit rink stadium slope ring pitch course

Jake Have you heard? They’ve been building a new sports centre in the next town. There’s going to be a pool. water polo pool? Ken Do you think it’ll be a (1) __________ Jake I don’t know. But there’s going to be a football (2) ____________ next to it. With floodlights! Ken Sounds good. We really need a sports (3) ____________ in this area. Do you think they’ll include a boxing (4) ____________? I love Thai boxing. Jake Who knows. I’d prefer something quieter and outdoor like a golf (5) ____________ but I know that’s impossible. Ken Golf is for girls! Not for real men! Jake That’s what you said about ice skating until we went to the (6) ____________ . You couldn’t walk for days! Ken Better than you at the racing car (7) ____________ . You just sit there and don’t move!

Fair Play

English in Context

1 Complete the conversation using the Present

3 Complete the sentences with the correct word.

perfect simple or continuous of the verbs in brackets.

The first letter is given.

Mum

Andy Mum Andy

Mum Andy

Mum

Andy

Mum Andy

Andy! Andy! I (1) _______________ ’ve been calling you for the last ten minutes. (call) (2) ____________ your sandwiches? (you / eat) Not yet. We (3) ____________ busy. (be) What (4) ____________ ? (you / do) Well, we (5) ____________ Fifa football. (play) A video game? It’s not just a video game. It’s really difficult. Right. Well (6) ____________ (you / score) any goals? Yes, two, but we (7) ____________ playing yet, Mum. (not finish) You need to eat. How long is a match? 90 minutes of course! We (8) ____________ for forty minutes. (play) We’ll have our sandwiches at half time.

2 Read the email and complete the spaces using a verb from the box in the Present perfect simple or continuous. be meet not work not heard go work go out rain do

Hi Sam, haven’t heard from you for ages! I (1) _____________ What (2) ____________ (you)? I’m really exhausted because I (3) ____________ too hard. I’m going to have to give up my job in the restaurant. It’s a pity because I (4) ____________ there for long. You know that I (5) ____________ to night school, don’t you? I’m doing four ‘A’ levels: physics, chemistry, biology and maths. I have to get A passes to get into university next year, so I have to really work hard. Anyway, the good news is I (6) ____________ a really nice guy. His name’s Adam and he’s at night school too. We (7) ____________ for six weeks! The weather here (8) ____________ dreadful for the past few months. It (9) ____________ nonstop. It’s OK because we both have to study, Adam’s got exams in a few weeks, and so we just stay in and study together. Write soon. Love, Jenny

Nora

Kevin

Nora Kevin Nora

Kevin

Nora

Kevin

Nora Kevin

Nora

I was thinking of taking up a new sport, maybe golf. But golf (1) c_____ lubs are really expensive. The tennis (2) c____________ at school are free. True, and dad could lend me a tennis (3) r____________ . What about ice skating? There’s a (4) r____________ in town. Funny! You know I can’t stand ice skating. I’ve always wanted to learn how to ski. But the nearest ski (5) s____________ are one hundred miles away! Yes, you’re right. It’s not very practical, is it? I don’t think so. I went to see Alison at the boxing (6) r____________ . It looked fun. She’s good, isn’t she? And she’s so tiny. And those boxing (7) g____________ are huge. Maybe I should just try swimming again. That’s a good idea. The swimming (8) p____________ is just up the road.

4 Read the clues and guess the words to complete the crossword puzzle. The words all relate to soccer / football. 1

4 5 6 7

Across 1 strike the ball hit 4 a 90° angle of the playing pitch 7 when you make points 8 the opposite of win

Down 2 physically stop an opponent 3 the opposite of lose 5 transfer the ball to a team-mate 6 the place where the ball goes to score a point

5 Match the riddles 1-5 with the answers a-e. Use a dictionary if necessary.

1 Why did 2 Why did road? 3 Why did 4 Why did 5 Why did

the chicken cross the road? the man with one hand cross the the rubber chicken cross the road? the boy carry a ladder to school? the turtle cross the road?

a It wanted to stretch its legs. 1 b It wanted to get to the other side. c To get to the second-hand shop. d To get into high school. e To get to the Shell Station!

6 Complete the dialogue with a phrase from the box. I’ve been going with Rob so that I can ask Amy out I’ve been doing some boxing so I can get stronger have you been doing that have you been going I started going

David How long (1) ___________________ have you been going to the gym? John (2) ____________ about a year ago. David What do you do? John (3) ____________ . David Boxing? Why are you doing that? John (4) ____________ and lose weight. And anyway it’s fun. David Who do you go with? John (5) ____________ . We go on Tuesdays and Thursdays. Why don’t you come? David I’m busy on those nights. I go to salsa classes. John Salsa classes? How long (6) ____________ ? David About a month. John So, why are you going to dance classes? David (7) ____________ . She loves dancing!

Sum up! 7

Underline the correct option.

1 A How many exercises have you been doing / have you done? B I’ve finished / finished three. 2 A How long do you study / have you been studying? B I have been / am studying all day! 3 A Why do you get up so early? B So that / To I can train before I go to school. 4 A The concert’s at 8! Why are we leaving now? B To / So that get good seats of course! 5 A Why are you drinking so much water? B So that / To have nice skin. 6 A Do you understand the rules for rugby? B No, I don’t. I’ve tried / been trying to understand them for years!

Correct the underlined words.

1 There are three tennis circuits at my school. courts 2 Dad’s gone to the golf court for the afternoon. 3 There’s a new ice-skating ring near my house. 4 The football camp was too wet and they couldn’t play. 5 A basketball pitch is 15 metres wide. 6 I always go on the easy rink when I go skiing.

Translate! 9

Translate the following sentences into your

own language.

1 2 3

4 5 6 7 8 9

How long has it been snowing? _________________________________________ Alma has been studying English for five years. _________________________________________ The captain of our team has scored another goal. _________________________________________ There are two tennis courts near my house. _________________________________________ Claire hasn’t had her dinner yet. _________________________________________ John has been playing football for an hour. _________________________________________ Have you been waiting long? _________________________________________ The ball has hit the crossbar. _________________________________________ I haven’t been studying long, but I’m already tired. _________________________________________

Fair Play

Vocabulary Builder

Talking about speed and quantities in time Speeds now reach over 300 km an / per hour. This expression is often abbreviated to kph (kilometres per hour) or mph (miles per hour), depending on where you live in the world. It stands to indicate the speed at which something is moving. Note that we can say either 300 km an hour or 300 km per hour. I usually make about four calls an hour. He never eats three meals a day. We use these expressions to talk about the quantity of something we do in a certain period of time.

1 Put the words below in the correct order to talk about speeds. a / an distance / object / action number time period

Now use some of the new compound nouns to complete these sentences.

Word families: sports coverage

_________ + _________ + _________ + _________

Do you play any sports or do you like to watch sports on TV? If you do, then you already know the meaning of the term sports coverage. It is a branch of journalism that follows sports events and comments them on television broadcasts.

2 Now write the speed or quantity in time in each sentence.

1 A normal person can cover about 4 miles in a period of one hour. 4 miles an hour 2 The fastest land animal in the world is the cheetah which can reach speeds that would make 120 kilometres in an hour, but only for short periods. ____________ 3 At school we usually study four subjects during each morning. ____________ 4 The fastest vehicle on earth at the moment is called the ‘Thrust SSC’; it managed to reach a speed that in the space of one hour would carry it for 1,228 kilometres if sustained! ____________ 5 I have to put hundreds of letter into envelopes, I find I can manage to do about fifteen in the space of a minute. ____________

Compound nouns: sports Look at how we form these compound nouns in the context of sports. Notice that the name of the sport always comes first. golf club, rugby ball, football pitch

Try to make as many combinations as possible using words from the two boxes, the words in the left hand box always come first. football golf rugby basketball volleyball running ski tennis

football pitch

pitch slope court track club (instrument) racket ball net shoes skirt trousers boots team player jacket club (group of people)

1 The people who play in our school ____________ contributed the money to buy a new net and some new volleyballs. 2 You can’t go out on the slopes in a jumper, you’ll freeze! Borrow a ____________ . 3 You’re very tall, if you like sport you should think about becoming a ____________ . 4 I hate these high heels! I’d feel more comfortable in my old ____________ . 5 This isn’t a miniskirt, it’s my new ____________ . It’s for sport, not fashion! 6 I hate when my brother comes home in his dirty ____________ after a football match and leaves mud all over the floor.

5 Complete the sentences with the words in the box about sports coverage. commentary action replay photo finish record fast forward rewind press stop commentator

commentator who spoke on TV last night 1 The _____________ was really good. It’s interesting to listen to a well-informed ____________ . 2 I’m sure the goal was near the beginning of the match, can you ____________ the film? No, stop, too much! OK, ____________ it just a little. 3 Can you ____________ for a moment? I want to get a drink and I don’t want to miss anything. 4 It was a good idea to ____________ the match and watch it this evening. 5 I can’t see who crossed the line first, and even the ____________ doesn’t show the winner, they’re so close. It’s definitely a ____________ .

Skills Reading 1

Read the magazine article. Who doesn’t like going to the gym?

I do it so that I can feel more confident Parkour, or free running, is the latest sports craze. What is it? Have you seen the advertisements where guys run and jump off walls, railings and buildings? Or you may have seen the free running chase scenes at the beginning of the film Casino Royale. In the film, one of the founders of free running, Sébastien Foucan, jumped and bounced off cranes and the top of buildings like a rubber ball. Free running and parkour are slightly different. The aim of parkour is to get from A to B smoothly, quickly and efficiently, while free running is more spectacular; participants do a lot of acrobatics when they’re running in the streets. Parkour is also considered a philosophy or way of life. It can change people’s lives. Denzil Triano is a sixteen-yearold school boy from San Diego. He has been practising the sport since he was 13. He wasn’t doing very well at school. ‘I hated it. I had real problems with classwork and didn’t want to go to school.’ Now he’s doing much better. ‘I’ve been getting really good grades and it’s all thanks to parkour. I’ve started seeing problems and assignments at school as obstacles that I can overcome like I do in parkour. It’s really helped me.’ Parkour is a cool alternative to mainstream sports. It’s a great way to get fit and keep healthy. Interest in free running has really grown in the last few years. You can go to one of the many weekly courses to learn basic techniques before you go out onto the streets and practise your free running style. Sandy has been going to a course at the Free running Sports centre here in San Diego for a month. ‘We do stretching and exercises and we’ve also had lessons on diet and nutrition. You don’t need any equipment for this sport, just a good pair of comfortable shoes, but it can be dangerous. People hurt themselves all the time.’ So why do they do it? I spoke to some of the students at the centre. Jamie, 18: ‘Well I think it’s a really cool sport and I do it to get stronger and fitter. I’d like to be really good at it and take part in competitions.’ Anita, 17: ‘I do it so that I can feel more confident. I’ve never been good at sports but this is really exciting.’ David, 30: ‘Well, I’ve never really liked going to the gym. It’s really boring. I suppose I’m doing it to get out of the house! There are some great people here.’

Answer the questions.

1 Which blockbuster film shows free running? 2 Who is Sébastien Foucan? 3 How long has Denzil been doing parkour? 4 What has changed since Denzil started doing parkour? 5 Why can free running be dangerous? 6 How long has Sandy been doing free running? 7 What equipment do you need to do this sport? 8 Who wants to compete? 9 Why does Anita do free running?

Writing 3

T Write about your favourite sport. Use the questions below to help you.

– How long have you been interested in this sport? – Do you do it? If so, how long have you been doing it? If not, would you like to do it? – Why? / Why not? – What equipment do you need to do it? – Where do you do this sport?

I really like … because …

Listening

4 2 P Listen to Sam, Katy and Jack talking about their favourite sport and write true (T) or false (F).

1 Sam has been running since he was at school. T 2 Sam uses special equipment. ___ 3 Katy chose kickboxing so she could learn to defend herself. ___ 4 Katy didn’t have any problems when she started. ___ 5 Jack enjoys being on the basketball court. ___ 6 Jack hasn’t been playing for long. ___

A Better World Focus on Grammar

Second conditional Structure

Examples

if clause: if + Past simple main clause: would + base form of verb

If I were richer, I would buy a bigger house. We would travel around the world if we won the lottery.

• We use the Second conditional to talk about future events that are seen as not very likely (but not impossible) or imaginary (wishful thinking). If I won two million pounds on a game show, I’d buy a house with a huge garden and two swimming pools. (it is not very likely that I will win) If I weren’t vegetarian, I’d try your chicken tikka masala. It looks delicious! (it is an imaginary situation because the speaker is vegetarian) • In the if clause we use the verb to be in the form were for all persons. If I were a professional athlete, I would make a lot of money. If he were more careful, he wouldn’t make so many mistakes. • In more informal language, we tend to use was for the 1st and 3rd persons singular. If I was a professional athlete, I would make a lot of money. If he was more careful, he wouldn’t make so many mistakes. • We use the expression If I were you to give advice. If I were you, I wouldn’t leave now. • We can also use the expression If I were in your / his / her shoes… to give advice. If I were in your shoes, I’d apologise to her at once.

! Note: compare the difference in meaning between the First and Second conditional. If he could speak Chinese, the company would give him the job immediately. (he doesn’t speak Chinese, so the likelihood of him getting the job is very low) If you get up early, you’ll catch the first train to Perth. (you have no problem getting up early, so the likelihood of you catching the train is very high)

too/enough • We use too to mean ‘excessively’ and it always precedes the adjective or the adverb it refers to in the following structures: too + adjective / adverb Slow down! You’re driving too fast! too + adjective / adverb + to infinitive It’s too cold to play in the yard.

! Note the following structure: too + adjective / adverb + for sb + to infinitive That article is too long for me to read in a few minutes. He is speaking too quickly for her to understand him.

• We use enough to mean ‘sufficient’. I haven’t got enough time to read the paper this morning. • enough precedes the noun it refers to. We don’t have enough money for a holiday this year. • When we use enough referred to an adjective or an adverb, it follows them. My soup isn’t hot enough. Please reheat it. She’s not working quickly enough. She’ll never finish in time.

2 ! Note the following structures: enough + noun + to infinitive There aren’t enough people to make a team. (not) adjective / adverb + enough + to infinitive He wasn’t old enough to vote. She’s not walking quickly enough to catch the train.

My Glossary World problems birth rate bullying climate change disease drug education global village health system homeless human rights hunger illiteracy illiterate jobless loneliness malnutrition natural disaster peace petition pollution protest racism terrorism unemployed unemployment war weapons

Politics government

________________

law politics politician power to rule

________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

Money investor poverty stock market to make money to spend money on wealth

________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

Idioms and expressions from place to place ________________ in search of ________________ just joking ________________ Other... nouns beggar chemicals company farming lift possessions roof school leavers signature

________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

adjectives disabled free moving old-fashioned peaceful strict surprising talented tasty worrying

________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

verbs to end to face to feed to fight to hitchhike to interview to live on to look after to punish to solve to suffer from

________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

adverbs finally first of all locally unfortunately

________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

A Better World

Grammar and Vocabulary Practice

Grammar

Second conditional 1

Match the sentence halves.

1 If I were rich, 2 If I were the President of the USA, 3 If I met my favourite actor, 4 If I could run really well, 5 If I had a driving licence, 6 I’d stay in bed till 10 o’clock a I’d try to make peace in the world. b I’d save and buy a car. c if I didn’t have to go to school. 1 d I’d give some money to charity. e I’d ask for his autograph. f I’d train for the Olympics.

2 Use the words in brackets to complete the sentences.

1 If I _____ had (have) a pet, I_______ ’d take (take) good care of it. 2 If I ____________ (be) you, I ____________ (look) for some advice. 3 If she ____________ (can) sing, she ____________ (go) into show business. 4 If I ____________ (know) his phone number, I ____________ (not / give) it to you. 5 Where ____________ (you / live) if you ____________ (can) live anywhere in the world? 6 If I ____________ (not / like) that dress, I ____________ (not / wear) it. 7 What ____________ (you / buy) if you ____________ (win) the lottery? 8 She ____________ (not / be) happy if she ____________ (know) what you said about her. 9 ____________ (you / go) out with Peter if he ____________ (ask) you?

3 Write sentences in the second conditional to follow the sentences below. 1 He wants to say yes, but you didn’t ask him. He’d say yes if you asked him. 2 I’d like to read the book but I haven’t got it. _________________________________________ 3 I’m not helping you because you haven’t asked me. _________________________________________ 4 I’m not taking my umbrella because it isn’t raining. _________________________________________ 5 I can’t tell you the answer because I don’t know. _________________________________________ 6 Mark doesn’t know about this, don’t tell him because he’ll get angry. _________________________________________

too/enough

4 Put the words below in the correct order to make sentences. 1 enough / big / isn’t / this shirt This shirt isn’t big enough. 2 we / for a football team / enough / haven’t got / players _________________________________________ 3 to make a curry / enough / there / rice / isn’t _________________________________________ 4 he / enough / isn’t / to play basketball / tall _________________________________________ 5 haven’t bought / drinks / they / for the party / enough _________________________________________ 6 crazy / Ken / to do something so dangerous / enough / isn’t _________________________________________

Underline the correct words in the sentences.

1 We haven’t got enough / too much money for this model. 2 Underemployment is when people have work but not too much / enough. 3 In reality there is enough food to / for feed everyone in the world. 4 This report is too / to complicated for a presentation in a school. 5 He isn’t poor enough / much to qualify for state assistance. 6 Pollution happens when we produce enough / too much dirty air. 7 Houses here are too expensive to / for most people to buy. 8 I have enough money to / for buy a mobile.

6 Rewrite the sentences using too or enough and the opposite of the adjectives. 1 You’re not loud enough, I can’t hear you. You’re too quiet, I can’t hear you. 2 This string isn’t long enough to tie the parcel. _________________________________________ 3 His house is too far to walk to. _________________________________________ 4 This soup isn’t hot enough to serve. _________________________________________ 5 My idea is too complicated for this project. _________________________________________ 6 This computer is too slow to download films. _________________________________________ 7 It’s not late enough to phone her, she’s still at work. _________________________________________ 8 My mum says I’m too young to go on holiday with my friends. _________________________________________

Complete the sentences with too or enough.

1 Your sister is ____ too talkative. She didn’t let me say a word! 2 I’ve had ____________ of this film. Let’s get out of here. 3 The test wasn’t ____________ difficult. Everyone got excellent marks. 4 My mum says I’m ____________ young to go to discos. 5 Don’t worry, we still have ____________ time before the shops close. 6 If I don’t get ____________ sleep, I’m in a bad mood all day.

Vocabulary Global problems 8 Complete the sentences with a word from the box. There are two extra words. disease bullying robbery human rights climate change illiteracy drugs environment education crime health

Word building 9 Use an appropriate form of the base word in brackets to complete the sentences.

1 If people have no access to medicine, then disease can become a major problem. ________ 2 We must learn to take care of the ____________ , for example by recycling everything possible. 3 If I were the head of the school, I’d suspend anyone found ____________ other students and making their lives miserable. 4 I’m sure that a good ____________ really helps people, that’s why I believe in investing in schools. 5 I think ____________ problems like not having a right to a trial or a lawyer are very important. 6 If ____________ weren’t punished, we’d all have to stay locked in our houses for safety. 7 Never mind politics, ____________ is the real problem, if temperatures rise, we’re in real trouble. 8 How can we help adults with an ____________ problem? Can we offer evening reading and writing classes? 9 We need more doctors to solve the country’s ____________ problems.

1 We like to use ________ natural ingredients in our dishes. (nature) 2 The river is so ____________ that nothing lives in it. (pollute) 3 I think the countryside is a ____________ place for children. (health) 4 We have so many people with no jobs that ____________ has become the biggest problem. (unemployed) 5 If I were a ____________ , I’d take care of the country’s social problems. (politics) 6 Let’s all calm down and look for a more ____________ solution than shouting. (peace) 7 This film is very violent, why did you say it was ____________ ? (educate) 8 I’d like to volunteer for a charity helping eradicate ____________ in the neighbourhood. (poor)

10 Underline the correct words in the dialogue.

Lorna Colin, have you seen this newspaper article? It’s really scary. It says that (1) pollution / crime of the environment is still increasing. Colin Why do you worry about those things? You can’t do anything. Worry about something else, like (2) homelessness / bullying at school. Lorna I’m not interested in that, but the environment is really important. Colin So is not getting hit by other students! OK, what about the (3) health / drugs problem in our town? A lot of (4) unemployment / crime is related to selling them or to using them. Robbery for example, and violence. Lorna But it’s not my problem. I don’t use them. Colin So? You might get robbed. Or what about local (5) politics / education? Aren’t you interested in who wins the next elections? Lorna I suppose so, but I’m still more interested in getting people to live a more (6) natural / creative lifestyle. You know, organic food and so on. Colin And how do you intend to do that? You aren’t exactly an (7) environmental / influential journalist, are you?

A Better World

English in Context

1 Complete the dialogue with the correct form of

3 Complete the dialogues with the words given.

the verbs from the box.

Sue

Anna (4) What / you do if a friend / borrow money from you but never gave it back? _____________________________________ Joe (5) It / depend on the amount. I think I forget about it, if it / be not much. _____________________________________ Sue (6) Well, I / wait for a week or two and then I / ask them for it. _____________________________________

Joe

take (x2) not hurt cut go not have to help

Sally Bob Sally

Bob

Sally Bob Sally Bob Sally

Bob

Sally

Bob Sally

have (x3) be (x2)

Bob, the dog’s barking. ’d take him for a walk if (1) I’m sorry, I_______ I _____ had time, but I’m really busy. There’s so much to do, the house is a mess. I’m going to have to clean the whole house. (2) If I ____________ you, I ____________ a rest! Then there are the dishes from breakfast. (3) If I ____________ to write this report, I ____________ you. The grass needs cutting too. (4) I’m sorry, if my back ____________, I ____________ it. We need some shopping; I’m going to have to go to the supermarket. (5) I ____________ if I ____________ the car. But it’s at the garage. Well, that’s all done. John and I are going to Donatello’s for lunch. Can I come? (6) Sorry, if there ____________ room in the car, I ____________ you. We’re going in his sports car. See you later!

(1) What / you do if your best friend / start flirting with your boyfriend? What would you do if your best friend started flirting with your boyfriend? Anna (2) I / be very angry and I / not talk to her again! _____________________________________ Joe (3) If my best friend start / flirting with my girlfriend I / hit him! _____________________________________

4 Complete the words in the newspaper short articles. The first letter is given.

1 A conference is being held on the subject of the e___________ nvironment . It is a problem that affects everyone. C____________ c____________ and environmental p____________ .

2 A full investigation has been launched into this attempted act of t____________ . Those involved will be found and arrested.

3 Amnesty International is concerned about h____________ r____________ violations in Sudan.

4 According to UN statistics adult i____________ amongst women in Central Africa is double that of men. Girls are simply not sent to school.

5 Every day hundreds of teens wake up afraid to go to school. B____________ is a problem in our schools.

6 Police arrested teens leaving a disco in Manhattan for possession of d____________ .

2 Complete the text with an appropriate word from the box. There is one extra word. were too poverty unemployment didn’t would homeless create enough

Some people say I’m always complaining, I am too pessimistic. Perhaps I am. But If people (1) ____ like me (2) ____________ complain, nothing (3) ____________ change. Most people don’t do (4) ____________ to reduce pollution or end (5) ____________ ; some people can’t afford one meal a day! I also worry about education. If there (6) ____________ more schools, kids would learn more. And the government must (7) ____________ more jobs; there is too much (8) ____________ , too many people without work; and this causes other problems, like crime.

(7) What / you do if your dad / start shouting at you in a shop? _____________________________________ Anna (8) I think I / walk away. _____________________________________ Sue (9) I / pretend I didn’t know him! _____________________________________

5 Complete the dialogue with words from the box. aren’t enough chairs aren’t old enough enough soft drinks it’s not big enough to eat too difficult to eat to feed the whole street

Sum up!

7 Complete this extract from a talk about the environment with the correct form of the words from the box in the spaces a-f. environment

Sean Have we got (1) _________________ enough soft drinks for the party? Olivia Yes, I think so, I bought four bottles of Coke. But I’m not sure I’ve made enough (2) ____________ . Sean We’ve got enough food (3) ____________ ! Olivia Do you think we need plates for the cake? Sean Yes, it’s (4) ____________ with your fingers. Olivia Oh no, there (5) ____________ to sit on! Sean Don’t worry, Andy’s bringing some. Olivia Shall I put the plates on the dining room table? Sean OK, but (6) ____________ . We’ll need to use the kitchen table as well. Olivia Is Erica coming? Sean No, her mum and dad are going out and she has to babysit. Her brother and sister (7) ____________ to stay on their own.

6 Complete the blog with words from Unit 2.

2 pollute (x2)

litter

crime

robbery

Kate Our quality of life is getting worse. Let’s take wouldn’t drive (not drive) transport, I (1) _____________ to university if there (2) ____________ (be) regular buses. There aren’t enough buses or trams, so there’s too much traffic. Apart from the fact we’re using too much petrol, we (a) ____________ the air we breathe. Neil Yes, (b) ____________ is a big problem in our town. Our streets are really dirty. There’s (c) ____________ everywhere. Another thing, if you read the newspapers, you (3) ____________ (see) that the level of (d) ____________ is going up, there are (e) ____________ every day. Someone stole my bike the other day! Kate Thank you, Neil. The thing is, we’re not being active enough in our local communities. Now if we all (4) ____________ (take) more interest in our (f) ____________ we could maybe do something to improve the quality of our lives. So that’s why we want to set up our group Environment watch! The first meeting is on Friday night at seven thirty. There’ll be food and drink. Neil Well, if there (5) ____________ (be) food, I’ll come. I can’t miss my dinner!

Put the verbs in brackets in 1-5 in the correct form.

Translate! Hard Times There are very difficult times for all of us. First of all, young people: they’re unhappy because too many lessons at school they have (1) _____ and they don’t have (2) ____________ time (3) ____________ their homework. When they leave school, they complain that there aren’t (4) ____________ jobs; if they manage to find a job, they aren’t paid (5) ____________ money to pay the bills! Take drivers: they complain that petrol is (6) ____________ expensive. Women? They have (7) ____________ responsibilities – at work and in the home. And me? I’m unhappy because I have a lot of friends on Facebook but not (8) ____________ real friends!

ranslate the following sentences into your own T language.

1 If I had time, I would go to the meeting. 2 If you studied more, you would pass your exams more easily. 3 If you study hard over the weekend, you’ll pass your maths test on Monday. 4 What would you do if you were a politician? 5 There isn’t enough money to invest in education. 6 You’ll be late for school if you don’t get up now. 7 This exercise is too difficult. 8 The environment is too polluted for wildlife to survive.

A Better World

Vocabulary Builder

Abstract nouns: the suffixes -ment, -ness, -tion We use abstract nouns to indicate a condition, a state or an idea. In this Unit we have learnt the following abstract nouns formed with the suffixes -ment, -ness, -tion: 1 unemployment environment 2 homelessness 3 pollution malnutrition education

Put the words in brackets into the correct spaces.

1 If a ____________ hits your area, there is still a chance it might pass near your house and not touch it, but you can’t avoid an ____________ : it shakes the whole area. (earthquake / cyclone) 2 The local inhabitants were shocked when the ____________ on the coast showed signs of life. They hadn’t expected an ____________ and weren’t ready for the ____________ which arrived from the sea. (tidal wave / volcano / eruption) 3 After the ____________ had blown down much of the town, it rained for a week, and the resulting ____________ damaged the ground floors of the houses still standing. Luckily the ____________ that people expected from the wet hillside didn’t arrive thanks to barriers placed earlier. (flooding / landslide / hurricane)

Use your dictionary and find which of the three suffixes you have to add to these words to create an abstract noun.

1 educate education 2 confine __________ 3 innovate __________ 4 refine __________ 5 unhappy __________

6 careless __________ 7 addict __________ 8 devastate __________ 9 agree __________

Now use some of the words to complete these sentences.

1 His drug ____________ caused a lot of ____________ for his whole family. 2 This environmental destruction and ____________ was caused by chemicals in the water supply. 3 There has been a lot of change and ____________ in the prison system in recent years. Many now believe in education and not punishment. 4 There was general ____________ in the group that the idea was interesting, but one or two people weren’t happy with it.

Opposites – antonyms As we have seen in previous units, it’s a good idea to write down the opposite (antonym) of a new word or expression. This not only helps you to remember it more easily, but it expands your lexis, enabling you to express the same concept in a different way. He isn’t as old as me. I’m younger than him.

5 Find the opposites of these words from Unit 2 in the box. There are two extra words.

Word Families: natural disasters 3

Look in your dictionary and match these words connected with natural disasters with their meanings.

1 volcano

2 eruption

3 earthquake

4 tidal wave

5 flooding

6 landslide

7 hurricane

8 cyclone

a when the earth moves and shakes b when too much rain means that an area fills with water c a mountain which explodes releasing lava d a very strong, devastating wind e when parts of a hill collapse f a natural explosion g a column of wind moving in a circular motion h an enormous rise in sea level which hits the coast

lenient increase dirty well-educated hunger wealth praise expensive corruption weak

1 clean __________ 2 illiterate __________ 3 cheap __________ 4 strict __________

5 punish __________ 6 strong __________ 7 poverty __________ 8 reduce __________

6 Complete the article with some of the words in exercise 5. The government has decided to take (1) _______ strong action regarding crime. It will (2) ____________ criminals with long sentences and there will be less (3) ____________ conditions in prisons. A government spokesperson said that this would certainly (4) ____________ crime and mean fewer robberies and attacks. Opposition politicians criticised the move, saying that crime is generally caused by (5) ____________ : most criminals come from homes with very little money. Prisons, they say, must help prisoners improve their lives. The debate continues today in Parliament.

Skills Reading

1 Read this report on human rights and teenage factory workers in China. What time does Lin get to bed? This is a report about the life of one teenager and the working conditions in Chinese factories. Poverty and the scarcity of jobs in the countryside force students to leave their homes to work in overcrowded, unhealthy conditions. Students spend the summer working 15-hour shifts, six and seven days a week. Some of the poorer students choose to stay a little longer, sometimes six or even eight months. Lin is 16 and is at high school. Last month she travelled 36 hours from her home in the north to a province in southeast China to work at an electronics company that makes a well-known brand of mobile phones. If we printed the name of the factory or the province, Lin would probably get the sack. ‘I came here so that I can help my family. My mum and dad both work on the land. It’s a hard life. I make more money here, but if there was work at home, I would go back tomorrow.’ Lin gets up at 6.30 a.m., eats a few crackers and races to the communal bathroom. ‘If I didn’t rush to wash my face and brush my teeth, I would have to wait too long and I’d be late for work.’ She starts work at seven twenty. The work is repetitive and monotonous. ‘I have to do the same things over and over. It’s difficult to stay awake sometimes. If we could talk to each other, it would be easier to stay awake but the foreman won’t let us. He always says: ‘If you want to talk to each other, you’ll have to wait until the shift is over!’ We have a break from 1-2.30 for lunch. Then we work for four hours.’ Lin has fifty minutes for dinner in the company canteen. ‘The food isn’t very tasty, and I’m always hungry.’ She doesn’t have time to leave the factory. ‘If there was a longer break before the evening overtime shift at 6.30, I would go to the supermarket and cook for myself. I know that I can choose not to work overtime, but if I didn’t work overtime, then I would only make $112.67 per month. This is not enough money to support a family. When I finish my four hours of overtime at ten thirty I am so tired, I go to the dormitory, wash my face and go to bed. If someone offered me a tasty meal, I probably wouldn’t be able to eat it. I just want to sleep!’

P Write true (T) or false (F). Correct the false sentences.

1 Chinese students leave home to work in factories because they can’t find work. T 2 The factory Lin works in makes computers. ___ 3 Lin wouldn’t lose her job if the report told us the name of the company. ___ 4 Lin has a big breakfast. ___ 5 The work is very boring. ___ 6 The workers can’t talk while they work. ___ 7 Lin likes the food. ___ 8 Lin isn’t too tired to eat before she goes to bed. ___

Writing

3 T P Write about the typical working day of someone you know. Read the second two paragraphs of the article again to help you.

Listening 4

3 Listen to Harry and Olivia talking. Which topic are they talking about: a, b or c?

a Your best friend borrows a school book and loses it. b Your best friend drops litter on the ground. c Your mum doesn’t feel well today and is staying in bed.

5 3 P Listen again and complete these sentences.

1 I’d be ______________________ . 2 Would you ______________________ ? 3 What would you do if he ______________________ ? 4 I don’t think ______________________ that. 5 I suppose I’d ______________________ myself.

Popular Legends Focus on Grammar

used to Form

Structure

Example

affirmative

subject + used to + base form of verb

He used to watch TV a lot when he could hear better.

negative

subject + did not (didn’t) use to + base form of verb

I didn’t use to go to bed late when I was younger.

interrogative

did + subject + use to+ base form of verb

Where did you use to go on Saturday night when you were my age?

• We use used to: – to describe past habits. He used to go swimming every day, but he gave it up last year. – to describe a situation or condition that was true in the past but is no longer in the present. She used to live by herself when she worked in London.

would • We can also use the modal verb would to describe past habits. My neighbours’ children would play for hours in the park. • When we talk about past habits, we can use both used to and would and the meaning is very similar. When my parents were away my grandfather would drive me to school. When my parents were away my grandfather used to drive me to school.

! When we talk about a past condition or state that is no longer true in the present, we can only use used to. My grandfather used to own a Rolls Royce. (Not: would own) When I was a kid, we used to have a beautiful cat called Oscar. (Not: would have)

3 My Glossary Popular legends castle creepy fairy tale Father Christmas ghost stories hero monster romance scary vampire

_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________

Physical appearance beautiful handsome pale terrifying ugly

_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________

Personality afraid evil mysterious romantic sympathetic

_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________

Feelings anxious confused depressed miserable

_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________

puzzled sad scared terrified upset worried

_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________

Idioms and expessions it must be a power cut dead scared frightened out of life there were rumours that to give sb the creeps to go on / to have a trip to tremble with fear

_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________

Other... nouns back blanket doll field footsteps grave lawyer outcast prisoner show snake spider swing

_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________

victim wolf

_____________ _____________

adjectives aimed at awake dangerous empty nervous

_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________

verbs to attack to bark to believe to bite to crawl to destroy to go out to jump to knock to lock to run away to shake to switch off to travel

_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________

adverbs at first immediately suddenly

_____________ _____________ _____________

Popular Legends

Grammar and Vocabulary Practice

Grammar

used to for past actions and states 1

Complete the sentences.

1 People / use / to / believe / in witches. People used to believe in witches. 2 I / not / use to / like / tomatoes as a child. _________________________________________ 3 you / use to / go / on holiday to the seaside? _________________________________________ 4 We / never / use to / watch TV. _________________________________________ 5 I / often / use to / go the cinema. _________________________________________ 6 My parents / not / use to / give me pocket money. _________________________________________ 7 people / use to / travel less? _________________________________________

would vs used to

3 Rewrite these sentences about past habitual actions using would. 1 On holiday we used to get up late every day. On holiday we would get up late every day. 2 It was usual for us take a sandwich to school. _________________________________________ 3 Normally we walked there and got the bus back. _________________________________________ 4 When we lived in the country we always went for long walks. _________________________________________ 5 My parents normally gave me pocket money on Saturdays. _________________________________________ 6 My dad used to bring home interesting things from his work. _________________________________________ 7 Our maths teacher always gave us homework on Friday. _________________________________________

4 Mark the sentence (7) in each pair which can also use would.

Make sentences with the correct form of used to. 1 It was common for people to be afraid of strangers. People used to be afraid of strangers. 2 People normally communicated by letter in the past. _________________________________________ 3 It was not common for people to travel much. _________________________________________ 4 I went to the park a lot with my bike as a child. _________________________________________ 5 I never had a car when I lived in the city. _________________________________________ 6 Did your parents usually let you watch TV when you were little? _________________________________________ 7 Did you usually go to the Youth Club disco? _________________________________________

1 We used to listen to stories at bedtime. 7 We used to have a huge book of bedtime stories. 2 My house used to be painted yellow. ___ We used to paint our house every year. ___ 3 My parents used to love going to the theatre. ___ My parents used to go to the theatre every weekend. ___ 4 Our car used to stop if it started to rain. ___ Our car used to be all scratched until we repainted it. ___ 5 My dog used to lie on the couch all afternoon. ___ My dog used to like that couch very much. ___ 6 I used to call my boyfriend three times a day. ___ I used to think perhaps I called him too much. ___ 7 I used to love seeing all my friends enjoying themselves. ___ I used to have a Christmas party every year. ___

Vocabulary Childhood 5 Underline the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence. 1 I’m going to read you a scary story about ghosts / Father Christmas. 2 When I was little I used to be afraid of sleeping alone / playing with toys, so my brother shared a room with me. 3 I was very shy so going to bed early / meeting new people was always difficult for me. 4 My parents always told me never to speak to certain animals / strangers. 5 I hated going to school / being at home alone so my mum always called a babysitter if she went out. 6 I don’t believe in spiders / UFOs, I think we’re alone in the universe. 7 Sometimes at night I don’t sleep if I have a test / fairy tale the next day. 8 The dark / Playing on the swings used to make me feel sick, I don’t like too much movement. 9 Bedtime stories / Empty houses are a good way to help a child relax and go to sleep.

6 Use phrases from the box to complete the sentences. There are two extra phrases. the dark going to school kinds of food fairy tales spider certain animals empty houses strangers sleeping alone meeting new people

1 I love eating but there are certain kinds of food that I can’t stand. ____________ 2 If I see a ____________ , even a tiny one, I go hysterical. I hate the way they move. 3 As a child I hated ____________ , but now I love having my own room. 4 I always keep a night light on because I hate ____________ . 5 There are ____________ that I love, mostly mammals. 6 ____________ in the early morning was horrible in winter, it was always so cold. 7 I think children have to learn not to trust ____________ . 8 My sister is terrified of ____________ . She believes they are haunted.

Negative feelings 7 Match each sentence with the correct response.

1 I was absolutely terrified during the film. 2 You look a bit worried. 3 Sarah seems quite sad today. 4 I think her job interview was depressing. 5 You look rather puzzled. 6 There is a worrying increase in violence. 7 The idea of going abroad to live is frightening. 8 Are you scared of spiders? 9 Those noises are a bit creepy. a Scared? I’m absolutely terrified of them! b Yes, I’m confused about this question. c Stay at home if you find it so scary. d I’m nervous about my exam. e I can hear them too, they’re frightening. 1 f Me too, I was really scared! g Yes, she looks a bit depressed. h Yes, the rise in attacks is upsetting. i She was very upset when she came out.

8 Choose the correct adjectives from the box to complete the dialogue. scary confusing frightened puzzled depressing worried frightening

Jeremy Helen Jeremy Helen

What was that noise? Did you hear it? No, stop playing tricks on me! scary . No, really. It’s quite (1) ______ Wait a minute, yes, I can hear it. Aagghh, it’s really (2) ____________ ! Jeremy Are you (3) ____________ ? You can hold my hand if you want. Helen Thanks, but I’m not that scared. Actually it sounds a bit like a cat. Oh no, perhaps a little animal is hurt somewhere, now I’m (4) ____________ . Jeremy About a cat? Don’t be silly! Helen Don’t you care about animals? That makes me really sad, it’s so (5) ____________ to think that there are people who just don’t care! Jeremy Oh no, sorry, I take it back. I just don’t understand something, it’s a bit (6) ____________ . The noise I heard was nothing like a cat. It was a sort of banging, like someone with a hammer. Helen I didn’t hear that. Now I’m very (7) ____________ about this noise, I don’t understand either!

Popular Legends

English in Context

1 Complete the dialogue with the correct form

3 Read the text and complete the sentences

of used to and a verb in the box.

with would and a verb from the box. run call play ride stay make go hear look up

get wear never take off say not wear have play (x2) be

Alex

Dad

Alex Dad Alex Dad

Alex Dad

Alex Dad Alex Dad

Alex Dad

Hi Dad, I was looking for my old skateboard in the attic and see what I found. No! I can’t believe it’s still around after all these years! Who is this guy with long hair? Me! I can’t believe it! It’s true, (1) _____________ I used to have really long hair. I didn’t want to cut it. Your grandad (2) ____________ really angry! You’re not wearing glasses. Well, I had them but I (3) ____________ them. They didn’t go with my image! Your jacket’s really cool. Well, I (4) ____________ it all the time. I (5) ____________ (it). I practically slept in it! It was my rock star look! (6) ____________ (you) the guitar? Well, of course. We all did in those days. You won’t believe it, but I (7) ____________ in a band! No! You’ve never mentioned it before! Well, it was only for about a year. Were you good at it? Yes, people (8) ____________ I was quite talented. Why didn’t you carry on? We (9) ____________ a lot and the band broke up. What happened to your guitar? It’s in the attic somewhere.

2 Look at an old photo of your mum or dad and write about their appearance, clothes and hobbies.

When I was a child, we lived in a small town in Mississippi. We had an old black and white TV, but I didn’t watch it much. We didn’t have lots of electronic gadgets like you kids have nowadays; we didn’t have a computer or a mobile phone. If we wanted to talk to a friend, ’d call them on the house phone, or go round we (1) _________ to their house. If we wanted to do some research for school we (2) ____________ (it) in an encyclopedia or we (3) ____________ to the library! When I came back from school, I (4) ____________ myself a peanut butter sandwich and I (5) ____________ out to play with my friends. We (6) ____________ basketball in someone’s backyard or we (7) ____________ our bikes. At the weekend we (8) ____________ out till late but in those days parents didn’t worry about their kids so much, because they knew everybody on the street. If one of us did something wrong or had an accident, everybody (9) ____________ about it!

4 Make adjectives from the verbs given to complete the mini dialogues.

worry: A Tommy seems really (3) ____________ about something. He won’t say what it is. B Yes, it’s very (4) ____________ . He hasn’t eaten his dinner.

scare: A We went to see that new Japanese horror film. B Was it (5) ____________ ? A I wasn’t (6) ____________ , but Jess was!

terrify: A I’m really (7) ____________ of spiders. B Me too. I saw lots when I went camping. They’d crawl over our sleeping bags. It was (8) ____________ .

confuse: A The instructions for your mobile are difficult to understand. They’re really (1) __________ confusing . B I’m not surprised you’re (2) ____________ . You’re looking at the instructions for the remote control!

depress: A It’s been raining all day and I can’t go out. It’s really (9) ____________ ! B There’s no need to be (10) ____________ ! Let’s watch a film! upset: A Jake’s (11) ____________ because his cat died last night. B It’s really (12) ____________ when pets die.

5 P ut the letters in brackets into the correct order to complete the dialogues.

Tod

Scott

What’s wrong with Amy? She seems miserable (bmsireale). really (1) __________ Yes, she’s really (2) ____________ (eddesspre). She’s fallen out with her best friend.

Sum up! 6

Underline the correct words in the sentences.

1 When he was little he use to / ’d play for hours with that car. 2 My brother used to / would be scared of snakes. 3 I use / used to like classical music. 4 My mum would / used to make us fish on Fridays and roast chicken on Sundays. 5 I used to / used be really shy, I’m not anymore. 6 My sister used to wearing / wear glasses. 7 They didn’t use / used to eat vegetables. They do now. 8 Did your parents used / use to give you pocket money when you were little?

7 Underline the correct answer.

Mum Tania

Mum

Something (1) scary / scared happened when we went camping. We were laughing and chatting in our tent when (2) suddenly / then we heard a terrible noise. After (3) a while / at first we thought it was a wild animal or something like that. We were really (4) frightened / frightening. (5) Then / When everything went quiet, (6) but / so (7) after a while / at first we went outside to have a look. Guess what we saw? There was a snake next to the fire. We were dead (8) petrified / scared!

What’s the matter? I’m (3) ____________ (sianoux) about going to the dentist. There’s no need to be (4) ____________ (wdorrei). It’s only a check up.

Translate!

Andy

Carol

Alice

Are you (5) ____________ (nseurvo) about the show tomorrow? (6) ____________ (Pdeetriif)! I haven’t sung in public before.

That beautiful old house has been empty for years. It’s (7) ____________ (das). Emma I think it’s really (8) ____________ (perecy)!

ranslate the following sentences into your own T language.

1 When my mum was a child, she was very serious and she used to study too much. _________________________________________ 2 My grandfather didn’t use to have a mobile phone when he was younger. _________________________________________ 3 Girls didn’t use to play football in the 50s. _________________________________________ 4 I’m really nervous about tomorrow’s test. _________________________________________ 5 What was that noise? _________________________________________ 6 Empty houses are really creepy. _________________________________________ 7 Suddenly, I heard a noise and I ran outside. _________________________________________ 8 I used to believe in Father Christmas as a child. _________________________________________

Popular Legends

Vocabulary Builder

Using gerunds as subjects

In this Unit we’ve encountered these expressions: playing with toys going to bed early Even though the expression is made up of several words, it can function as the subject of the sentence: Playing with toys is good for children’s development. Going to bed early is fine if you’re tired, but boring if you’re not. When the subject of a sentence is a multi-word activity and not just a single word, we use the -ing form of the verb followed by its complements.

1 Rewrite the following sentences making the verb and its complement the subject of the sentence. 1 It’s healthy to eat sensible, well-balanced meals. Eating sensible, well-balanced meals is healthy. 2 I think it’s scary to walk through dark woods at night. _________________________________________ 3 It’s great fun to sit around with friends telling stories. _________________________________________ 4 I find it depressing to stay at home alone in front of the TV. _________________________________________ 5 It’s good for people to take care of a pet. _________________________________________ 6 It’s upsetting to listen to people shouting at each other. _________________________________________ 7 It helps children to develop if they listen to classical music. _________________________________________

Word families: art 2 Look at the words in the box and, using your dictionary if necessary, try to put them into the correct column in the table. Some words may go in more than one column. chapter close up documentary landscape portrait movement rhythm contents character tune black and white still life introduction cover credits theme tune soundtrack band

Books chapter

Film

Music

Photography

Painting

Talking about when things happen in a story When we tell a story, we often describe events in the order in which they occurred, although some things happen in an unexpected way. It is useful to use linkers or words that connect events in time. They help the reader to understand and follow the story more easily.

3 Put the phrases below into the correct column. at first after a while straight away finally some time later the next (day, week…) in the end a short time later not much after

Indicates the beginning of a phase

at first

Indicates that a lot of time passed Indicates that not much time passed Indicates final phase

4 Use phrases from the box in exercise 3 to complete the story. More than one may be possible. A strange thing happened to me a few weeks ago. I was driving home after work and it At first I was quite relaxed. I was was dark. (1) _______ enjoying listening to the radio. It started to rain heavily, and (2) ___________ I realised that the road was starting to flood. Everything happened really quite quickly. I saw the flooding and (3) ___________ I saw a man standing on the road waving his hands. Of course I stopped (4) ___________ and opened the car window, but he didn’t speak. He made gestures with his arms to tell me not to continue and to turn back. Of course I thought he was sent by the local council or police, so I did as he suggested. I had to take a long detour to get home, so I started on my journey and drove and drove. (5) ___________ I finally made it home. (6) ___________ morning I called my friend at the council to thank him for taking action and he told me that they hadn’t sent anyone. I described the man and he went silent. I kept asking why and (7) ___________ he said: ‘You just described Bob Evans. He died twelve years ago in a flood on that road!’

Skills Reading

Fan fiction is a story written online, by fans or admirers for other fans, based on the characters and plot of an original story. There are a number of websites dedicated to this.

1 Read Anthony’s fan fiction story ‘Frankenstein – the true story’. Who does Axel like? Henry Clerval is a genetic engineer. He’s very ambitious and wants to create the perfect human being using genetic engineering, electrical impulses and the bodies of dead people. He rents a big, old house which people think is haunted, so that local people will not disturb him. He has a heart condition and at first he is worried he will not have the strength to make his creature, but Victor Frankenstein, a chemistry teacher from the local high school agrees to help him. The problem is they don’t know where to get the body parts they need. Then one day, there is an accident. Late one night, four teenage boys driving home from a club crash near their house. When the accident happens, there is nobody around so Clerval and Frankenstein immediately take the bodies to their laboratory. They now have enough body parts to create the perfect human. One day, Victor is in his laboratory working on the creature when his girlfriend, Elizabeth, suddenly appears. When she sees the body parts she is horrified. Victor tries to explain what he is doing, and she gives him an ultimatum, the creature or her. In the meantime, Dr Clerval discovers that one of the arms they plan to use is not genetically compatible. He is so upset that he has a heart attack and dies. When Victor discovers his partner’s body he decides to finish the creature in his memory. He tells Elizabeth his decision and she leaves him. Victor carries out a brain transplant straight away, so now the creature has Clerval’s brain. When Frankenstein removes the bandages, he sees the creature he has created is not a monster but a very goodlooking man. Frankenstein is so happy with him that after a while he takes him to meet his friends. He calls the creature Axel and says he is German. The creature is a great success. In fact lots of girls fall madly in love with him. But Axel only likes one girl, Elizabeth, Victor’s ex-girlfriend. One day, they go for a walk, it’s a very hot day and she sees Axel’s arm and realises he is not a human being but a monster and she is very frightened. Terrified, she gets in her car and drives away. She refuses to see Axel anymore. She doesn’t answer his texts or his phone calls. Axel becomes very depressed and stops eating. Not long after he becomes very ill and he dies of a broken heart.

P Choose the correct option a, b or c.

1 a Clerval cannot work because he is ill. b Clerval and Frankenstein work together. c Clerval works in a high school. 2 a Clerval and Victor use the bodies of some teenagers. b Clerval and Victor save the lives of some teenagers. c Clerval and Victor can’t find any bodies to use. 3 a Clerval makes the creature. b Frankenstein becomes ill and dies. c Frankenstein makes the creature. 4 a Frankenstein marries Elizabeth. b Frankenstein and Elizabeth split up. c Elizabeth and Axel get married. 5 a First Elizabeth likes Axel then she is afraid of him. b First Elizabeth is afraid of Axel then she likes him. c First Axel loves Elizabeth then he is afraid of her. 6 a Frankenstein dies. b Elizabeth dies. c Axel dies.

Writing 3

P Write your own fan fiction ending to this story. Begin with the following words:

When Frankenstein removes the bandages…

Listening 4

4 P Maria is looking at photos of her boyfriend Tony when he was a child. Listen and choose the correct answer. 1 Tony’s hair a wasn’t curly. b was curly. c was straight. 2 When Tony was little he a did more sport. b did less sport. c didn’t do any sport. 3 Tony was a a good footballer. b not a very good player. c the best player. 4 When Tony was a child he was a fat. b thin. c thinner. 5 Maria a doesn’t go swimming. b goes swimming twice a week. c doesn’t have time to go swimming.

The Media Focus on Grammar

The passive (1) • When we want to focus on the result of an action and the subject is unknown or unimportant we use the Passive form of the verb in the following structure: to be + Past participle of the main verb The castle was built in the 11th century. • Look at how subject and object become inverted in going from the active to the passive form. Subject

Verb

Object

Active form

Many people

visit

this church.

Passive form

This church

is visited

by many people.

• The direct object of the active sentence (this church) becomes the subject of the passive sentence and the subject of the active sentence (many people) becomes the object / agent preceded by the preposition by in the passive sentence.

! Note! Only transitive verbs, those that can have a direct object, can be used in the passive form. William Shakespeare wrote The Tempest. The Tempest was written by William Shakespeare. • Sometimes we can omit by and the agent when it is not important to specify who does the action. Only 10 votes are required to pass the bill. • The table below shows the passive form of the verb tenses learnt in Unit 4. Form

Active form

Passive form

Present simple

People usually write blogs in English.

Blogs are usually written in English.

Past simple

Jorn Barger invented the weblog.

The weblog was invented by Jorn Barger.

Past continuous

People were using blogs as personal diaries.

Blogs were being used as personal diaries.

Question tags • Question tags are short questions we add to the end of a sentence when we want to confirm what has just been said. You like classical music, don’t you? • To make a question tag we repeat the auxiliary or modal verb in the main sentence, followed by the subject pronoun of the person we are referring to. – If the sentence is affirmative, the question tag is negative. You were at home yesterday, weren’t you? – If the sentence is negative, the question tag is affirmative. You haven’t got a laptop, have you?

• The meaning behind a question tag depends on the intonation used: – if it is a rhetorical question that only serves as confirmation for something we are quite sure about, the intonation is falling. A You’d probably like a cup of tea, wouldn’t you? B Yes, please. That would be lovely. – if we are not sure of what we’ve just said, the intonation is rising. A Sam likes computers, doesn’t he? B Actually, no. He can hardly switch one on.

! When the verb to be is in the 1st person singular, in the affirmative, the corresponding question tag is always aren’t I? I’m right, aren’t I?

My Glossary The media aerial audience channel commercial data keyboard network news printer remote control screen to broadcast to connect to download to publish to upload web page website

Collocations to keep in touch with to make friends to make a phone call to press a button to take part in Other... nouns criticism employer gossip government issue library nuisance public opinion scientist stranger theft

_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________

_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________

adjectives anonymous proud risky safe suspicious

_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________

verbs to add to agree to avoid to invent to pretend to report to steal

_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________

adverbs almost quite

_______________ _______________

The Media

Grammar and Vocabulary Practice

Grammar

The passive: Present simple/ Past simple

1 Decide if each sentence is A (active) or P (passive).

1 Blogs are becoming more and more popular. A 2 Books are written on every subject you can imagine. ___ 3 I’m really tired of writing essays for school every day. ___ 4 If you are interested in this course, why not enrol? ___ 5 All the local politicians were invited to the meeting. ___ 6 In the end the Nobel prize was won by a writer from Nigeria. ___ 7 Drivers were stopped by police looking for an escaped criminal. ___ 8 We were putting out the rubbish when it started to rain. ___ 9 Fruit and vegetables are often grown in greenhouses. ___

C omplete the sentences using the passive form.

1 She / help / a lot / her neighbours. She is helped a lot by her neighbours. 2 My grandfather / capture / during WW2. _________________________________________ 3 Bananas / import / from South America. _________________________________________ 4 My mother / offer / a free holiday / her travel agent. _________________________________________ 5 The man / suspect / local police / of being involved in the robbery. _________________________________________ 6 My friends / give / free tickets for the concert last night. _________________________________________ 7 Penicillin / discover / Dr Alexander Fleming / 1928 _________________________________________

Rewrite the sentences in the passive form.

1 Who locks the door every night? Who is the door locked by every night? 2 Call centres often disturb people at home. _________________________________________ 3 A large dog frightened my little boy. _________________________________________ 4 The teacher asked the children to bring a picture to school. _________________________________________ 5 Who collects the money? _________________________________________ 6 We don’t hold meetings in the evening. _________________________________________ 7 Where did they deliver the parcel? _________________________________________ 8 They didn’t book the tickets in time. _________________________________________ 9 People often make mistakes in good faith. _________________________________________

4 Rewrite the passive sentences in the active form.

1 The children were sent to bed by their parents. The parents sent their children to bed. 2 America was possibly discovered by the Vikings. _________________________________________ 3 Was this book written by a Peruvian author? _________________________________________ 4 The song wasn’t performed by an unknown singer. _________________________________________ 5 The animals are looked after well by their owner. _________________________________________ 6 Are cars sometimes sold second-hand by people? _________________________________________ 7 The bus isn’t driven by the best driver. _________________________________________

Question tags 5

Write the correct question tag for each sentence.

1 You really like pizza, ____________ ? 2 Your parents go to France every year, ____________ ? 3 She’s got a car, ____________ ? 4 They don’t want to come, ____________ ? 5 She can speak Russian, ____________ ? 6 Mark doesn’t know your sister, ____________ ? 7 The dog’s got a basket to sleep in, ____________ ? 8 You can type very fast, ____________ ? 9 They’re really nice, ____________ ?

Match each sentence with its question tag.

Choose the correct words from the box to complete each sentence. There are two extra words. broadcast remote control graphics presenter network channel post keyboard commercials viewer news

1 He knows how to do it, 2 We haven’t got any bread, 3 They can’t understand the question, 4 We don’t know the way, 5 She’s very clever, 6 They often visit you, 7 You can get me a ticket, 8 You can dance, 9 He’s got a lesson at five,

do we? can’t you? doesn’t he? don’t they? hasn’t he? have we? isn’t she? can they? can’t you?

7 Now match the complete sentences from exercise 6 with the correct short answers. 1 a No, he doesn’t. b Yes, he has. c Yes, I can. d Yes, she is. e No, we don’t. f No, they can’t. g Yes, I can. h Yes, they do. i No, we haven’t.

Vocabulary Electronic media 8

Underline the correct word in each sentence.

1 I’ve found a great website / webcam full of information for my holidays. I’m going to download / upload some of the files to keep. 2 Let’s get Jeff in America on the webcam / online and see if he’s changed since he went there. 3 Today has been a disaster. My brother dropped a can of coke on my webcam / keyboard so I can’t type anything anymore and the battery in my remote control / browser is flat so I can’t watch TV. 4 I’d need to go upload / online to read my emails, but I can’t remember the website / password for my computer!

1 A recent TV __________ broadcast broke the news about the terrorist attack. 2 This poster is really ugly. The ____________ are terrible. 3 If a ____________ doesn’t like what he’s watching he should switch off the TV. 4 I like the programmes on this ____________ , they’re usually very interesting. 5 Can you pass me the ____________ ? I want to watch something else. 6 A lot of ____________ advertise in entertaining ways but all the same I can never remember the name of the product! 7 I heard something strange happened in London today, can we watch the ____________ to find out what? 8 She’s a very good ____________ , she always gives the information in a clear, concise way. 9 Oh no, I’ve spilled coffee on my ____________ ! Now how can I type?

Computers 10 Underline the wrong word in each sentence and replace it with a word from the box. keyboard browser log on download mouse upload file monitor

1 I try not to look at the printer when I’m typing, it’s better to look at the monitor. keyboard 2 Use the browser to move the cursor where you want on the screen. ____________ 3 Click on the icon to open the spam. ____________ 4 If you want to visit my website you have to download. ____________ 5 Just look into the webcam, it’s on the top of your speaker, and say what you want. ____________ 6 I wanted to click some files onto my blog, but I’ve burned the CD! ____________ 7 You can’t find the websites you want because you haven’t got a decent webcam to surf with. ____________ 8 Let’s broadcast our class photo from the school website so I can print it. ____________

The Media

English in Context

1 Complete the dialogue with the words given in

3 Underline the correct answer in the mini

the Past simple passive.

dialogues.

George James James George

1 A You’re hungry, isn’t you / aren’t you? B Yes, Am I / I am.

2 A You like him, aren’t you / don’t you? B No, I’m not / I don’t!

3 A She’s always late, doesn’t she / isn’t she? B Yes, she does / she is.

James George

James George James George James

George James

Who wrote the Merchant of Venice? It / write / by / William Shakespeare It was written by William Shakespeare. La Gioconda / paint / by Michelangelo? ____________________________________ No, it / not. It / paint / by / Leonardo Da Vinci! ____________________________________ Ok, your turn. Where / Leonardo / born? ____________________________________ He / born / in Anchiano, Vinci, not far from Florence. ____________________________________ Correct! Your turn. When / be / the printing press / invent? ____________________________________ It / be / invent / in 1435. ____________________________________ No, it / not. It / be / invent / in 1438. ____________________________________ Yes, you’re right. OK, now for some architecture. When / Tower Bridge / build? ____________________________________ It / build / between 1886 and 1894, I think. ____________________________________ You remember everything!

2 Complete the dialogue with the correct present or past passive form of the verbs in brackets.

Grace Amelia Grace Amelia

Grace Amelia

Grace

Amelia

I love Italian things. Nice shoes! Are they Italian? I think so. Let me see. Oh! They were made (make) in Bulgaria. (1) ___________ Right. Well, they’re still nice. Your Gucci bag is great too, I’m sure that it (2) ____________ (make) in Italy. Well, actually it says on the label it (3) ____________ (make) in China! Well, never mind. Spaghetti (4) ____________ (not invent) by the Italians either! Really? No, it (5) ____________ (invent) by the Chinese! Where do you think coffee (6) ____________ (grow)? Well, Italy makes the best cappuccino so… It (7) ____________ (not grow) in Italy. A lot of coffee (8) ____________ (grow) in Brazil.

4 A You’ve got a new computer, don’t you / haven’t you? B Yes, I do / I have.

5 A Your English is good, doesn’t it / isn’t it? B No, it doesn’t / it isn’t.

6 A You were worried about the exam, aren’t you / weren’t you? B Yes, I am / I was.

7 A Your mum cooks well, isn’t she / doesn’t she? B Yes, she is / she does.

8 A This building was designed by Bernini, isn’t it / wasn’t it? B No, it isn’t / it wasn’t.

4 Complete the conversation with words from the box. haven’t you are keen don’t you take I do aren’t you I am I don’t aren’t they

Jack Emily Jack

Emily Jack

Emily Jack Emily Jack

Emily

You take milk in your coffee, don’t you ? (1) _________ Well, no actually, (2) ____________ . Sorry, but you (3) ____________ sugar, don’t you? Yes, (4) ____________ . One please. What are you listening to? It’s the new Guns and Roses album. They’re great, (5) ____________ ? Well, I don’t really like them. You (6) ____________ on them, aren’t you? I suppose. Well, you’ve got all their CDs, (7) ____________ ? Not all of them. I haven’t got their first album. Let’s eat. You’re hungry, (8) ____________ ? Yes, (9) ____________ , actually. How did you guess?

5 Find the words in the word search. Look

7 Fill in the gaps 1-6 in the dialogue with

across, backwards, forwards and up and down.

words from Unit 4.

blog podcast website clip link online network visitor browser

W E

S E R V S S G B N N O B

R A E L

I W S V C

L L S

I O D L N

O N E T W O R K G O R O I P V V E L B R C L

Sum up! 6

Complete the text about Facebook using the correct form of the passive and a verb from the box. create launch upload not be used

limit post be used expand

1 Gavin Hey Luke, you know the BBC website (a) _________ don’t you ? Luke Yes, (b) ____________ . Why? Gavin There’s a free Arctic Monkeys live odcast on there this evening. (1) p_______ Luke Great, I’ve already got their newest album on my (2) M____________ player.

2 Alfie Lily Alfie Lily

Can you help me (3) d____________ this (4) v____________ c____________ ? It’s really funny. I’m busy! Oh sorry, you’re writing your report, (c) ____________ ? Yes, (d) ____________ . I’ll call you when I’ve finished.

3 Evie

Dad Evie

Dad

You like The Stones, (e) ____________ , Dad? Yes, (f) ____________ . Well, Mick Jagger’s writing his own (5) b____________ . Do you want to read it? Yes, great. Send me the (6) w____________ address!

8 Now fill in the gaps a-f with the correct question tags and answers.

Since the social network Facebook was launched , email (2) ____________ (1) ______________ as much as it was before. Facebook (3) ____________ by a student, Mark Zuckerberg and his friends at Harvard University. At first, the use of the site (4) ____________ to Harvard students, then later, it (5) ____________ to other universities in Boston area. Today the site (6) ____________ by people all over the world. Millions of photos (7) ____________ every minute and messages (8) ____________ and read on this site by people all over the world.

Translate! 9

ranslate the following sentences into your T own language.

1 English is spoken by 375 million people. 2 These bags weren’t made here, they were made in Taiwan. 3 A lot of people think that the telephone wasn’t invented by Bell, but by Meucci. 4 A Why didn’t you come to the party? B I wasn’t invited. 5 This book was written by Dan Brown. 6 When was Buckingham Palace built? 7 Where was this rice grown? 8 Where were your shoes made?

The Media

Vocabulary Builder

Word families: compound words in IT

1 Look at the definitions and find the compound words in Unit 4.

1 a series of pages on the Internet which people can access and read: w______ ebsite 2 to copy files from the Internet onto your computer: d____________ 3 to copy files from your computer onto a website: u____________ 4 a secret series of letter and / or numbers that give you access to a website or protected file: p____________ 5 an instrument that allows you to change channel on TV from a distance: r____________ 6 a camera fitted on a computer that transmits images via the Internet: w____________ 7 the part of a computer with the letters and numbers you need to type: k____________ 8 an adjective which means that you are connected to the Internet: o____________

Long/Short synonyms Words which have the same meaning are called ‘synonyms’. In English, these can be of a different length: one long and one short. You need to consider this when writing a text. If the text is short, for example a text message or a post, you may choose the short word. When writing a formal letter or a composition for school, you may opt for longer words to improve your style.

3 Match each short word in box A with its longer synonym in box B. A 1 break up 2 get 3 fun 4 great 5 dull 6 chat 7 fourish 8 bright B

a fantastic b uninteresting c about four d separate

e conversation f intelligent g receive h entertainment

4 Try to make these messages shorter by changing some of the words for synonyms from the list in exercise 3. 1 Why don’t you come round at about four for a conversation about your intelligent idea? Why don’t you come round at fourish... 2 I received your message about the fantastic party. I had a very uninteresting evening and my sister and her boyfriend separated, no entertainment at all.

Common text message abbreviations We usually use abbreviations when writing text messages and posts. There are several ways to abbreviate words: A omitting letters, usually vowels B using the initial letters of the most common words C using words and letters which are read in the same way

5 Can you understand these abbreviations? Match them with the underlined phrases in the messages. Put them into category A, B or C. 1 C U l8er 2 talk 2 U soon 3 2day 4 Bcoz 5 R U there? 6 4 U 7 RU 8 asap 9 nth 10 gr8

See you later! C __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________

Hey, are you there? Why don’t you answer my calls? Are you in trouble? Call me as soon as possible! Talk to you soon! Went to a great new shop this morning, got something for you, because it’s your birthday today. See you later! I’m at Fiona’s house but there’s nothing happening. Bye for now.

6 Now try to abbreviate this message. Mark, are you there? I’ve heard nothing from you for two days! I’ve got a message for you from Steve. Speak to you later? Call me as soon as possible.

Skills Reading

1 Read this article about the growth of social network sites. How much damage was done to the Lorry house?

She was grounded for months! The social network phenomenon has revolutionised the way millions of people communicate with their friends and family. MySpace was created in 2003 by Tom Anderson and Chris De Wolfe. It was the most popular social networking site in the US until it was overtaken by Facebook in April 2008. (1) ____________________________ Who was Facebook created by? Facebook was created by Mark Zuckerberg while he was still a student at Harvard University. Who is he? He’s a quiet, shy person, and one of the richest men in the US. (2) ____________ ? Zuckerberg was born on May 14, 1984 in Plains, New York. He was a brilliant student and wrote his first program when he was still at middle school. (3) ____________ ? In the film about his life, The Social Network, we are told that it was created so he could impress his girlfriend (at the beginning of the film he is dumped by his girlfriend). He says that this is not true, he says it was created to help people connect and share. (4) ____________ ? All sorts of people, Facebook is used by about five hundred million people of all ages. About 20% of users are between 14 and 18, while 70% of users are aged between 25 and 64. More women than men use it – 60% of the users are women. (5) ____________ ? They are used for social and professional purposes. People use them as a kind of electronic diary, they connect with their friends and families and make new friends. They post messages, share photos, text and video files. Bands sign up to promote themselves and their work. The band Arctic Monkeys posted music on MySpace. In 2008 forums on MySpace and Facebook were used in President Obama’s election campaign. (6) ____________ ? The invention of social networks has dramatically changed the way we communicate. We can connect with people all over the world. But the danger is that people spend too much time talking to online friends, instead of real ones. These websites can also be misused. Amy Lorry from Kansas posted an invitation to her party on MySpace and five hundred people arrived, vandalising her parents’ house. Mr and Mrs Lorry were left with $50,000 worth of damage and Amy was grounded for three months.

2 Put the questions from the box into the spaces to complete the article. How have social networks changed our lives? Who was Facebook created by? Who are social network sites used by? Where and when was he born? Why was Facebook created? How are social networks used?

P Write true (T) or false (F). Correct the false sentences.

1 MySpace was invented by Mark Zuckerberg. F 2 Zuckerberg was good at school. ___ 3 Zuckerberg created his social network to find a girlfriend. ___ 4 Social networks are used by people of all ages. ___ 5 Facebook is used by more men than women. ___ 6 Pop groups post music on social networks. ___ 7 President Obama used social networks in his election campaign. ___ 8 Amy Lorry put her party invitation on a social network. ___

Writing 4

T Write about how you or a friend use social networks.

– – – – –

Which site do you / they use? When do you / they use it? How long do you / they spend on the site? How do you / they use it? How many friends do you / they have?

Listening 5

5 P Listen to Sam and Cathy talking and complete the sentences.

1 David ____________ some photos on his page. 2 Where ____________ the picture ____________ ? 3 Jodie ____________ Sam to the party. 4 Sam and Eric ____________ good friends. 5 Eric put ____________ of Sam on ____________ . 6 Sam felt ____________ .

Images Focus on Grammar

Relative pronouns • We use the relative pronouns who and whom when we refer to people: – who is a subject pronoun. It’s the story of a lady who lives alone with a lot of cats. – whom is an object pronoun, but it is only used in very formal language. That’s the teacher (whom) I met in Oxford.

! Note! Whom did you see last night? (formal) Who did you see last night? (informal) • We use the relative pronoun which when we refer to objects or animals. They were looking for a present which doesn’t cost a lot. • We use the relative pronoun that to refer to both people and objects. My uncle is the man that you spoke to at the bus stop. Pete likes cars that cost a lot. • We use the relative pronoun whose when we indicate possession or family relation. That’s Sarah, whose sister was at school with me. • With multi-words verbs it is very common in English to put the preposition that precedes the relative pronoun at the end of the sentence and omit the pronoun entirely. Mr Stone is the person about whom they were writing. (formal) Mr Stone is the person they were writing about. (informal) Here’s the idea for which I was looking. (formal) Here’s the idea I was looking for. (informal) • We can use the question words when, where and why in place of a relative pronoun preceded by a preposition in the following cases: – when talking about time, we can use when in place of in / on which. I’ll always remember the day when I graduated from college.

– when talking about a place, we can use where in place of in / at which. He doesn’t like the town where he grew up. – when talking about the cause or reason for something, we can use why in place of for which. I have a serious problem to discuss; this is the reason why I’ve asked to talk to you.

Defining/Non-defining relative clauses • There are two types of relative clauses: ‘defining relative clauses’ and ‘non-defining relative clauses’. • A defining relative clause defines the content of the main clause and contains essential information for the sentence to make sense. That’s the person who called the police. • In this type of relative clause: – the relative pronoun can be omitted when it is the direct object. Have you seen the T-shirt (that) I bought yesterday? – the relative pronoun can also be omitted when it is an indirect object and the preposition goes at the end of the sentence. The man (that) you were waiting for has just called. • The table below shows the relative pronouns commonly used in defining relative clauses. Subject

Complement

Possession

people

who / that

who / whom / that whose

things

which / that

whose

places

–

where

–

time

–

when

–

cause

–

why

–

• A non-defining relative clause contains additional information that is not essential; it simply enriches the sentence and could be eliminated without altering the general meaning of the sentence. This type of relative clause is written between two commas. The 8.05 train, which is usually on time, arrived late yesterday.

• The table below shows the relative pronouns commonly used in non-defining relative clauses.

! In this type of relative clause, the relative pronoun can never be omitted. Samantha’s parents, who live in Scotland, have got five grandchildren.

! Note! Compare the two types of clauses: – in defining relative clauses, the pronouns who and which are practically interchangeable with the pronoun that.

Subject

Complement

Possession

people

who

who / whom

whose

things

which

–

places

–

where

–

– i n non-defining relative clauses, we cannot use the pronoun that in place of who / which.

My Glossary Art architect art history artist author brush canvas copy drawing gallery landscape masterpiece painter painting palette pencil picture portrait sculptor sculpture sketch statue still-life style to paint to take a photo

_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________

Describing an image in the background

_______________

in the foreground in the middle on the left on the bottom left on the right

_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________

Other... nouns admiration anger bird blouse celebrity childhood cypress tree detail eyesight glove harmony hill passerby prize sadness spaceship state of mind surgeon trouble view wheel

_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________

adjectives amazed healthy infinite interested (in) melancholy synonymous (with) talented typical vivid

_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________

verbs to belong to brush away to feel to give up to influence to kiss to reflect to show to spend

_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________

adverbs however incredibly

_______________ _______________

Images

Grammar and Vocabulary Practice

Grammar

Relative pronouns 1

Match the sentence halves.

1 That’s a photo of the day 2 My mum knows a lot of shops 3 This is the picture 4 I know a girl 5 I love people 6 I’d love a computer program 7 I met the lady a where you can buy second-hand things. b that can help me do technical drawing. c whose daughter teaches dance. d who can tell jokes. e which my brother painted as a child. f who is studying at art school. 1 g when I met my boyfriend.

Join the sentences using a relative pronoun.

1 She is the girl. She introduced me to Mark and Sally. She is the girl who introduced me to Mark and Sally. 2 I know the house. Your teacher lives there. _________________________________________ 3 Do you know the man? His car is parked over there. _________________________________________ 4 My dad lent me some money. I used it to buy a jacket. _________________________________________ 5 Can you remember the day? We first visited London then. _________________________________________ 6 Where is the tea? Jenny bought it for us. _________________________________________ 7 He’s got some books. He wants to give them away. _________________________________________ 8 He’s the actor. He was in that film about Van Gogh. _________________________________________ 9 Nora saw a film. It was very scary. _________________________________________

Defining and non-defining relative clauses 3 Underline the relative pronoun which can be eliminated.

1 This is the car which Dave borrowed from his brother. 2 I know a person who writes detective stories. 3 This is the type of coat which people are buying at the moment. 4 Do you have a mobile phone that makes a funny noise? 5 The people who we met on holiday were absolutely lovely. 6 I was looking for a shop which I can buy second-hand books in. 7 The kind of art that I like is modern and abstract.

4 Decide if the sentences contain defining (D) or non-defining (N) relative clauses.

1 I can’t stand people that shout. D 2 The local library, where I borrow all my books from, has got a lot of events on. ___ 3 I’ve invited all the people that I know to my party. ___ 4 I think this is the painting that Marion was talking about. ___ 5 Your poem, which is very good, has been chosen for publication. ___ 6 Saturday evenings, when people usually go out, are the best for putting on a concert. ___ 7 Do you remember the family that we met on holiday? ___ 8 My friend Kathy, whose brother lives abroad, is applying for a job in Australia. ___ 9 Have you brought the catalogue which I asked you for? ___

Rewrite the sentences with relative clauses.

1 Modern art is often abstract and can be difficult to understand. Modern art, which is often abstract, can be difficult to understand. 2 Professional athletes are dedicated to their sport and they train for hours every day. _________________________________________ 3 This is the field. A famous battle was fought here. _________________________________________ 4 Halloween is when children dress up as monsters and witches and is a very old celebration. _________________________________________ 5 My sister is that girl. She’s wearing jeans. _________________________________________ 6 The restaurant was very expensive. It closed last week. _________________________________________

Vocabulary Art and styles

8 Match words from the box with the underlined descriptions below. masterpiece landscape self-portraits still life sculptures

Complete the sentences with words from the box. landscape portrait sketch gallery paint brush masterpiece modern traditional

portrait of Frank, it’s exactly like 1 Look at this ________ him! 2 Don’t lean on my workbench, it’s dirty and you might get ____________ on your clothes. 3 This is not the finished piece, it’s just a quick ____________ I made to prepare it. 4 This painting isn’t just good, it’s brilliant. I think it’s a ____________ . 5 Let’s go and see the new exhibition at the ____________ . 6 Some ____________ sculptures are really funny, with things like toilets and buckets. 7 There’s a lovely ____________ of the area north of my village. 8 I don’t like modern art, I prefer more ____________ things. 9 I need a very fine ____________ to paint the details.

Underline the correct word in each sentence.

Paul

Tim Paul

Parts of a picture 9 Complete the dialogue with words from Unit 5. The first letter is given.

1 The model / artist had a lot of trouble keeping still while we drew her. 2 Are you sure you want this still life / portrait? All those apples and pears, what a bore! 3 We live next door to a sculptor / painter, he’s always making a lot of noise with his hammer and other tools. 4 I did a quick landscape / sketch of the outfit I want to buy. 5 He mixes his colour on a huge palette / brush which is more colourful than his paintings! 6 I love these old water / oil paintings, don’t you? 7 He prefers to paint on wood than on canvas / palettes.

Look at this painting. It shows the mountains, the trees, the sky. It’s beautiful. (1) __________ landscape I like the paintings he did of himself. (2) ____________ Yes, and his pictures of fruit, flowers and everyday objects are really nice. (3) ____________ He also did statues in stone and wood. (4) ____________ Which is his best work, in your opinion? (5) ____________

Graham What’s the problem, Sarah? Don’t you like the film? Sarah No, I don’t, it’s really scary. Look! There’s a ehind the girl, over her left shadow (1) b______ shoulder. I don’t want to watch any more. Graham OK, cover your eyes, I’ll tell you what happens. So there’s this girl in the (2) f____________ of the scene and behind her, in the (3) b____________ , we can see a shadow. It’s (4) s____________ of human, but not exactly. Sarah It’s a zombie, I know it is! Graham Actually, it (5) lo___________ l____________ an animal, maybe a bear. It (6) m____________ be a very tall person. No, it’s a really ugly monster, ugh, the girl is running away, there’s a door in (7) f____________ of her. She’s trying to open it, but she can’t find her key! Sarah Graham, can’t we just play cards instead?

Images

English in Context

1 Complete the sentences with the correct relative pronouns.

3 Put in the non-defining clauses in the correct spaces in the text about Van Gogh. whose works are now worth millions of dollars where he discovered the French Impressionists which I painted in Nuenen which is one of his most famous paintings where he worked in a London gallery who, unfortunately, did not love him when Van Gogh was 32 years old who was born in Zundert which were vivid and emotional which include self-portraits, landscapes

Van Gogh

Karl Hey, did you have a good time in Spain? Jack Yes, it’s a country (1) ______ where there is so much to see and do. Karl And which city do you prefer, Madrid or Barcelona? Jack Well, Barcelona is a city (2) ____________ everyone loves. It’s has got the sea and some great sights. Karl Yes, tourists (3) ____________ visit Barcelona always come back. Jack But I also liked Madrid, (4) ____________ is less touristy, but also very nice. Karl When did you go? In the summer? Jack We went in August (5) ____________ it was incredibly hot, (6) ____________ was a bit stupid because I hate hot weather. Karl Do you have any friends in Madrid? Jack Yes, my friend Samia, (7) ____________’s German, lives there. Karl Do you mean Samia Berger, (8) __________ dad works for the German embassy? Jack Yes, why? Karl She’s my cousin!

2 Match the sentence halves.

1 He shouted at her in public, 2 She doesn’t like football, but she went to all his football matches, 3 She’s got a house in Barcelona, 4 It’s on at the cinema round the corner, 5 My aunt gave me a new laptop for my birthday, 6 He helped me paint the kitchen, a which shows how helpful he is. b which is cheaper than the cinemas in the centre. c which shows how much she loves me. 1 d which must have embarrassed her. e which shows how much she loves him. f which is right on the sea!

who was born in Zundert , Vincent Van Gogh, (1) _______________________ in Holland, in 1853, was a painter who had a great influence on 20th century art. His paintings, (2) ____________ , were not liked by many people in his life time. Van Gogh painted more than 2,000 paintings, (3) ____________ , portraits and still lifes. At the age of 20, he moved to England, (4) ____________ and then as a teacher. In London, he fell in love with a girl, (5) ____________ . At the beginning of April 1885, (6) ____________ , he began the painting Potato Eaters, (7) ____________ . ‘I think the pictures of the peasants eating potatoes, (8) ____________ , is the best of all my work’, he said. In March 1886, he moved to Paris, (9) ____________ . Van Gogh, (10) ____________ , died at the age of 37, poor and unknown.

4 Read the definitions and find the words to complete the crossword puzzle. Across 2 strange, not realistic 4 style of painting depicting fruit or flowers 8 a graphic representation using pencil or ink 9 painting genre depicting the outdoor environment Down 1 quick drawing 2 something carved from stone or wood 3 a viscous substance 1 2 S U R R E A used to paint 5 a person who paints 3 6 a person who 4 sits for a – portrait 7 what a painter 5 does 6 7

5 Complete the words in the text using the letters given.

My favourite painting is Las Meninas by Velázquez. In this picture, (1) w_____ hich is in the Prado Museum in Madrid, there is a painter (2) w____________ is supposed to be Velázquez; he is standing in the middle of the picture and he is painting a young princess, (3) w____________ is with her friends. In the (4) f____________d of the picture, we can see a dog (5) t____________ looks a bit sleepy. On the (6) r____________t of the picture there’s a little girl (7) w____________ is kicking the dog. On the (8) l____________ and the right of the princess there are two girls. In the (9) b____________d of the picture we can see a man, who is leaving the room.

6 Read these sentences. Four of them contain mistakes. Put a tick (3) next to the correct sentences and correct the incorrect sentences.

1 Dickens, who lived in London, wrote some great novels. 3 2 The Elizabethan period was a time when England’s greatest writers lived. 3 The painting which it is called Starry Night is one of Van Gogh’s most famous. 4 The colours who Monet uses are very bright. 5 The book which I’ve just finished is a life of Leonardo. 6 He painted his friends and people whose lived in the village. 7 The man who car is parked outside is an artist. 8 The places where we go for our holidays are usually in Greece.

Sum up! 7

P Choose the correct answer: a, b or c.

architect who designed this 1 Who is the ________ building? a architect b sculptor c photographer 2 Van Gogh met Gauguin, ____________ paintings influenced his work. a whose b who c which 3 Picasso was the most famous ____________ of the 20th century. a sculpture b painting c painter 4 In the ____________ of the painting we can see a tree. a palette b foreground c canvas 5 You can’t paint without a ____________ . a masterpiece b gallery c brush 6 Do you prefer modern or ____________ art? a traditional b surreal c popular 7 ____________ the left of the picture there is a bicycle. a Under b On c At 8 What can you see in the ____________ of the picture? a top b behind c background

Translate! 8

T ranslate the following sentences into your own language.

1 My classmate, who loves eating, is coming to dinner this evening. _________________________________________ 2 This is the best album that Madonna has ever made. _________________________________________ 3 I know a girl whose mum is an actress in a soap opera. _________________________________________ 4 The girl who took the photo is at my school. _________________________________________ 5 That is the gallery where you can see lots of paintings by Constable. _________________________________________ 6 Monet is a painter who used to love painting flowers. _________________________________________ 7 In the foreground you can see the house where the painter was born. _________________________________________ 8 In the background you can see the works of the painters who influenced him. _________________________________________

Images

Vocabulary Builder

Giving examples

In Unit 5 we saw some examples of famous people: …celebrities such as Elvis Presley and Elizabeth Taylor… Here are some ways to give examples: Citrus fruit such as / like oranges and lemons have a lot of Vitamin C. An evening course can be fun. For example / For instance a painting or photography course can help you meet people. There are many beautiful cities in Europe. Paris, Prague and Rome, to name a few, are lovely. There are many beautiful museums in the USA. The Boston Museum of Fine Arts, the MOMA in New York and the National Gallery in Washington D.C. are just some.

1 Join the phrases below together using the words in brackets.

Underline the correct words to complete the sentences.

1 He’s a wonderful person with a lot of talent, I have a lot of admiration / distrust for him. 2 Romeo and Juliet is one of the most famous trust / love stories in the world. 3 If we are going to work together there has to be love / trust between us, you can’t hide your work from me. 4 It’s not that I hate him, I just have this sense of admiration / dislike towards him. 5 I think he has a liking / respect for your cake, he’s eaten three slices! 6 When they told me the story about how he lied to you, I felt a really strong sense of respect / disgust. 7 I’m sorry, he’s so secretive and I think he’s a liar, I have this feeling of respect / distrust towards him. 8 The secret to a good partnership is honesty and respect / dislike.

1 Drivers should avoid alcohol and drink soft drinks. Fruit juice, lemonade. (like) Drivers should avoid alcohol and drink soft drinks like fruit juice and lemonade. 2 We should avoid bad eating habits. Overeating, skipping meals. (are just some) 3 You need to get some exercise. Buy a bike. (for example) 4 People often buy copies of works by famous painters. Monet, Renoir. (such as) 5 Animals sometimes have strange habits. My cat sleeps on the washing machine. (for instance) 6 Some toys never go out of fashion. Marbles, dolls and footballs are still popular. (to name a few)

4 Write one person or thing that gives you each feeling.

Word families: what we feel about people and things

In Unit 5 we learnt: The artist Vasari admired most was Michelangelo. From the verb admire, we can create the noun that expresses this feeling: admiration.

2 Use your dictionary and divide the feelings in the box into positive and negative. admiration distrust liking love disgust respect trust dislike

Positive admiration

Negative

1 admiration __________ 2 liking __________ 3 love __________ 4 respect __________

5 trust __________ 6 dislike __________ 7 distrust __________ 8 disgust __________

Opposites (antonyms) 5 Look at the underlined words in the sentences below and find the opposites in the box. different famous background melancholy add dramatic

outside fact

1 This painting has a really cheerful feel to it. melancholy 2 These sculptures all look the same to me. ____________ 3 This novel is a work of fiction and has nothing to do with historic reality. ____________ 4 Who’s the person sitting reading in the foreground? ____________ 5 If you take away the silly pink flowers this is quite a good still life. ____________ 6 He’s a relatively unknown actor, but he did a brilliant job. ____________ 7 The events of his life were fairly dull. ____________ 8 I want to do some exercise inside today. ____________

Skills Reading 1

Read the article. Where does Katerina paint when it’s cold?

She likes to paint where there is a lot of light A fourteen-year-old girl, who paints like the Dutch Post Impressionist painter Van Gogh, is opening her first major exhibition tomorrow in Norwich. Katerina, who was born in Taiwan but now lives in Norwich, picked up a brush for the first time when she was twelve. ‘I broke my foot and I couldn’t go out much, and I felt really frustrated. Mum gave me a set of acrylics and some brushes and I just started painting. I was surprised, because I really enjoyed it and it helped me forget about my foot.’ The first picture she painted was of the cypress trees she used to see from her home in Taiwan. ‘I wanted to paint something for my mum for mother’s day.’ Her mum, who teaches art history, was amazed when her daughter gave her present. ‘It was a beautiful landscape and it reminded me of Van Gogh’s style. I immediately showed Katerina some of his paintings. Her painting resembles Van Gogh’s A Wheatfield with Cypresses, which is in the National Gallery in London.’ Her second picture was auctioned for charity. ‘My class was raising money to build a school for children in Peru and some of my friends were doing a sponsored swim. I couldn’t take part so I decided to do a painting.’ The painting, which is of children working on a rubbish heap, was inspired by a programme she saw at school. In the background there is some rubbish, which is as high as a mountain, and in the middle of the picture is a little girl washing a green bottle. The colours are beautiful, but the little girl looks very sad. The picture was bought by an art collector for two thousand pounds. Katerina likes to paint where there is a lot of light and she can see the trees in her garden. ‘I like working in the garden, but when it’s too cold I go up to the attic which is nice and warm and has a great view of the garden.’

Answer the questions.

1 Where is Katerina from? 2 What does Katerina’s mum do? 3 What kind of painting did Katerina paint for her mum? 4 What is the little girl doing in the picture? 5 How much was her second painting sold for? 6 Where does she work when it’s warm?

Writing 3

T Read the description of Katerina’s painting again. Choose a favourite photo or painting and write a description. Use the questions below to help you. – – – –

What does the picture show? Does it have a title? Who painted / took it? What is in the foreground / background / middle of the picture? – What can you see on the left / right of the picture?

Listening 4

6 P Listen to a short interview with Katerina and choose the correct answer: a, b or c. 1 Katerina a doesn’t like traditional art. b doesn’t like the Impressionists. c likes the Impressionists.

2 Katerina a doesn’t have friends. b likes listening to music. c doesn’t go out much.

3 Katerina a only likes hip hop. b listens to classical music with her friends. c listens to classical music when she’s painting.

4 Katerina likes a staying at home. b going to clubs. c going to coffee bars.

5 Katerina likes a people who are fun. b people who like art. c people who are serious.

The Food of Love Focus on Grammar

Past perfect Affirmative form

Negative form

Interrogative form

Short answers affirmative

negative

I had worked You had worked He/She/It had worked We had worked You had worked They had worked

I hadn’t worked You hadn’t worked He/She/It hadn’t worked We hadn’t worked You hadn’t worked They hadn’t worked

Had Had Had Had Had Had

Yes, I had. Yes, you had. Yes, he/she/it had. Yes, we had. Yes, you had. Yes, they had.

No, I hadn’t. No, you hadn’t. No, he/she/it hadn’t. No, we hadn’t. No, you hadn’t. No, they hadn’t.

• To form the Past perfect we use the following structure: had + Past participle of the main verb Jim had already left when I got to his house. • We simply add not to the auxiliary verb in the negative form. We hadn’t seen the film yet. • In questions we invert the subject and auxiliary verb and in short answers we repeat only the auxiliary verb. A Had they eaten lunch when you phoned? B Yes, they had. / No, they hadn’t. • We use the Past perfect to describe an action which occurred before another action in the past. He had already signed a contract with another company when he was offered the job. • With time expressions like It was the first / second… time we normally use the Past perfect. It was the second time she had taken the exam.

! With the time expression It was the last time… we normally use the Past simple. That was the last time I saw her around.

I worked? you worked? he/she/it worked? we worked? you worked? they worked?

Reflexive pronouns Subject pronoun

Reflexive pronoun

myself

you

yourself

himself

she

herself

itself

ourselves

you

yourselves

they

themselves

• We form reflexive pronouns with the suffix -self in the singular and -selves in the plural. They refer to the same person or thing used as the subject of the sentence. The band call themselves Abba. • We use reflexive pronouns: – as a direct object. I cut myself while chopping tomatoes. – as an indirect object. I said to myself ‘What a lovely child’. – an object preceded by a preposition. He looked miserable so I told him to look after himself.

• A verb is reflexive in English when it describes an action that falls back on the subject. Here are some of the most common reflexive verbs. to to to to to to to to to

burn oneself consider oneself cut oneself enjoy oneself find oneself help oneself to hurt oneself introduce oneself pride oneself on

6 ! There are relatively few reflexive verbs in English. Always check the dictionary to see if a verb can be used reflexively. A common alternative to the reflexive form is the structure get + Past participle, for example get married, get lost, get dressed, get bored, get up, get drunk.

Reciprocal pronouns

! Note! to enjoy oneself is a synonym of the expressions to have fun and to have a good time. We enjoyed ourselves at the party. When to enjoy is not used in the reflexive form, it is synonymous with to like. We enjoyed the party a lot.

• When we want to talk about a reciprocal action that is not reflexive we use: – each other, when the relationship is between two people or things. John and Mary looked at each other for a long time. – one another, when the relationship is among more than two people or things. All the students in the class should help one another.

My Glossary Music band composer concert drummer hit instrument loud lyrics musician record rhythm singer song songwriter to release track tune

Musical instruments bass guitar cello clarinet cymbals drums flute

________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

(acoustic) guitar keyboard saxophone tambourine trumpet violin

________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

Collocations to brush one’s teeth ________________ to do one’s homework ________________ to do the housework ________________ to fall in love with ________________ to get in touch with ________________ to make a list ________________ Other... nouns character flat humour memory novel record shop review

________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

adjectives bored creative selfish talented vain

________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

verbs to break up with sb to cheer up to combine to fail to figure out to find out to grow up to look back on to make up to remind sb of sth to shave to strengthen

adverbs especially internationally moreover originally

________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

The Food of Love

Grammar and Vocabulary Practice

Grammar

Past perfect 1

Use the Past perfect and the words in brackets to join the sentences. 1 He phoned Jamie. Then he wrote an email to Kate. (after) After he had phoned Jamie, he wrote an email to Kate. 2 Becky ate her pizza. Then she had an ice cream. (when) 3 Nina took the dog for a walk. Then she watched a film. (after) 4 We finished the lesson. Then we went for a coffee. (when) 5 He parked his scooter. Then he went into the Post Office. (after) 6 I washed the dishes. Then I tidied the living room. (when) 7 I sent Jack a text. Then he sent me the information. (after) 8 We bought tickets for the concert. Then we told Helen as a surprise. (when) 9 I listened to some songs. Then I bought the CD. (after)

Reflexive and reciprocal pronouns 3

Match the sentence halves.

1 I looked at 2 Did you hurt 3 They washed 4 She behaved 5 You didn’t burn 6 He enjoyed 7 We helped 8 I kicked 1 a myself in the mirror. b yourselves on the hot pan, did you? c myself for forgetting the answer. d himself a lot at the party. e yourself when you fell off your bike? f ourselves to some biscuits. g herself very well. h themselves after gardening all day.

Underline the correct word in each sentence.

2 Use the words provided to make sentences and questions in the Past perfect.

1 Martin / have / not / realise / the danger. Martin hadn’t realised the danger. 2 Sarah / have / be / there before. _________________________________________ 3 you / have / tell / him the news? _________________________________________ 4 She / have / never / see / the Colosseum. _________________________________________ 5 They / have / practise / the song / for days. _________________________________________ 6 she / have / hear / the song live? _________________________________________ 7 I / have / take / guitar lessons before. _________________________________________ 8 We / have / not / learn / the music by heart. _________________________________________ 9 Have / they / book / the concert tickets? _________________________________________

1 We always enjoy ourselves / each other at these karaoke evenings. 2 Come on everyone, if you can’t do the exercise, help yourselves / each other. 3 We need to talk to ourselves / each other more and communicate better. 4 Those boys are really strange, they sit and talk to themselves / each other even when they’re alone. 5 Be careful, don’t burn yourselves / each other on that hot oven! 6 We bought ourselves / each other a new CD player to listen to music on. 7 They’re a lovely family, they really care about themselves / each other. 8 My cousin taught himself / one another to play the trumpet and now plays in the school orchestra.

Vocabulary Music 5 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. rock band releasing record lyrics song voice guitarist hit top ten

Musical instruments 7 Read the descriptions and write the names of the musical instruments.

1 My brother’s trying to put together a rock band – all he needs now is a drummer. _________ 2 I don’t know if I can sing that ____________ , it’s a bit high for me. 3 It’s a best seller, it’s been in the ____________ for weeks. 4 She’s ____________ a new album next month, so there will be a tour. 5 They didn’t have the usual musicians on that track, for example the ____________ was from another band. 6 That’s a lovely piece you wrote, why don’t you ____________ it and send the CD to a few producers? 7 He had one really successful ____________ and then disappeared from public life. 8 I like the melody, but the ____________ are terrible. 9 What a great singer she is, she’s got a lovely ____________ .

Underline the correct word in each sentence.

1 These words aren’t very good, for example ‘man’ and ‘on’ aren’t a rhyme / line. 2 Never mind the words, this is a lovely tune / verse. 3 He must be the band’s guitarist / drummer, he’s got his sticks in his pocket. 4 They released a single / melody last month which has done well. 5 I’d like to use a couple of tracks / lines from this album in our school show. 6 I bought their last singer / album, but I don’t think much of it. 7 They’re quite successful, but they’ll never get an album in a rock band / the top ten.

1 They’re round and you hit them to make a rhythmic noise. drums 2 It’s a wind instrument, it’s black and made of wood with silver keys. ____________ 3 Most bands use this amplified 6-string instrument for the melody. ____________ 4 This has a keyboard with black and white keys. ____________ 5 This silver wind instrument is played horizontally. ____________ 6 It has four strings, and is made of wood by specialised people. You play it with a bow and hold it under your chin. ____________ 7 It is made of wood and it’s very big: you sit down to play it, and it rests on a stand on the floor. ____________

Complete the dialogue with the words in the box. There are two extra words. band compilation DJ folk music lyrics drummer violin compose melody

Robert Martin Robert

Martin

Robert Martin Robert Martin

Martin, are you interested in the new band I’m forming? (1) ______ That depends, what sort of music do you want to play? Well, we want to do some heavy metal covers. You’re a great (2) ____________ , I see you carry your sticks with you everywhere. Ehm, thanks Robert, but actually I prefer (3) ____________ . You know, I like a (4) ____________ , a tune, good music. And if there are some interesting (5) ____________ that tell a story, even better. I play with a band on Saturdays. OK, I get it, a folkie! I quite like folk actually, can I hear some of your music? Sure, I’ll lend you a (6) ____________ with some of our songs. Are they all yours? Do you (7) ____________ them? No, we have a great guitarist who writes our material.

The Food of Love

English in Context

Complete the text with the Past perfect of the verbs in brackets and the reflexive pronouns.

Complete the dialogue with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Samuel (1) __________ Did you go (you / go) to the market on Saturday morning? Phil Well, I (2) ____________ (go) to the undergound to meet Kim, and I (3) ____________ (wait) for an hour but she didn’t turn up. Samuel (4) ____________ (you / call) her? Phil I couldn’t. I (5) ____________ (forget) my mobile! I called her as soon as I got home. She (6) ____________ (be) in bed. She (7) ____________ (think) that we (8) ____________ (agree) to go on Sunday!

4 CL

Find eight instruments in this word snake.

A RIN

E T F LU T E B AN J O C

E L L O VI

1 clarinet 2 ________________ 3 ________________ 4 ________________

OLI

When Penny got to the TV studios, the show had already begun (already begin). (1) __________________ She was only twelve and she (2) ____________ (never perform) in public before then. She (3) ____________ (send) a video of (4) ____________ singing and playing her dad’s electric keyboard. Before the presenter saw it, he (5) ____________ (not plan) to have any other guests on the programme, but he was so impressed with the video, that he invited Penny and her family to the studios in California. Penny (6) ____________ (not tell) her parents about the video, so they were really amazed when they heard the good news. The TV presenter invited Penny onto the stage and said ‘Just relax, Penny. Why don’t you tell us about (7) ____________ ?’ Penny replied, ‘There isn’t much to tell, I’m only twelve’ and everyone laughed. Penny gave her parents the cheque she was given and they bought (8) ____________ a new car and Penny a new electric keyboard!

I A N O K E Y B O A R D TA M B O U R I N E

5 ________________ 6 ________________ 7 ________________ 8 ________________

5 Complete the words in the magazine review. The first letter is given.

2 Complete the mini dialogues with a reflexive or reciprocal pronoun. 1 A Are you enjoying ________ yourself ? B I am, but I don’t think Adam is enjoying ____________ . He’s just leaving. 2 A I like your dress. B Thanks, I made it ____________ ! 3 A I didn’t know Sarah played the piano. B Yes, she taught ____________ . 4 A Ted and Josh get on really well. B Yes, they really like ____________ . 5 A Where are mum and dad? B They’re out buying ____________ a new car! 6 A I like this electric coffee machine. B Yes, it’s great. It turns ____________ on and off. A I’ll buy ____________ one. I’d like to have one at home.

The indie (1) b____ and FM have just (2) r____________ their new (3) a____________ The Mall. It’s perfect! FM’s lead (4) s____________ Ben Stoner wrote all of the (5) t____________ with Jo Daly, the band’s lead (6) g____________ , in just one week. The (7) l____________ are simple but profound. They aren’t about love, they’re about the way we live. They are one of the most intelligent (8) r____________ b____________ around at the moment. Stoner’s singing (9) v____________ is imperfect but beautiful.

Complete the dialogue with the phrases in the box.

Sum up! 7

Underline the correct words in the email.

Hi Chas! Great to hear from you. We (1) have / had just got back from the three day music festival in Cambridge. It was brilliant! I (2) have never / had never been to a festival before, and I (3) haven’t gone / hadn’t been camping before either, so I (4) didn’t know / hadn’t known what to expect. Mark and Tom (5) have been / had been there once before so they looked after me! We all slept in one big tent, which was fun, even though it (6) rained / had rained a bit. There were some really superb bands. I knew some of them, but there were a few (7) I’d never heard / I’ve never heard of. I (8) had come / came back with five new CDs, a couple of T-shirts and a sore throat! Write soon, Omar I’d already put it it had disappeared he’d left his jacket in the classroom he’d found an MP3 player I was busy doing my homework I had it in the maths lesson I was listening to it when Tom Willis I see, so what happened to it

Mum When’s the last time you remember having your MP3 player? I had it in the maths Katy Well, I’m sure (1) ___________________ _______ lesson on Friday morning. Mum Were you listening to it during the lesson? Katy No, when the teacher came in (2) ________________________ in my bag. Mum (3) ________________________ after that? Katy I took it out again at the end of the lesson and (4) ________________________ came back in. Mum Right. What was he doing there? Katy He said (5) ________________________ . Mum Was his jacket there? Katy I didn’t notice. (6) _______________________ ! Then I had to go to the toilet and I left it on top of my books. Mum Oh no! Katy I know it was stupid. Anyway, when I came back (7) _______________________ and so had Tom. Mum So, you think he took it. Katy Eddy says he heard Tom saying (8) ________________________ outside the school! Mum So he probably took it then.

Choose the correct answer, a or b.

1 I’ve just bought a the best of The Queen. b the successes of The Queen. 2 My dad bought a himself a new car. b itself a new car. 3 My mum and dad really a love themselves. b love each other. 4 My brother plays a keyboard. b drumstick. 5 The fridge cleans a oneself. b itself. 6 There are 16 great a pieces on this album. b tracks on this album. 7 I can’t remember a the melody to this song. b the tune to this song. 8 She made the cake a himself. b herself.

Translate! 9

Translate the story into your own language.

It was my birthday and my parents had promised to take me to Paris. I had never taken a plane before, I had never been to France and I was very excited. But when we arrived at the airport, my mum realised that she had left our passports at home, so she had to go back and get them. One hour later, we went to the check-in desk, but the plane had already left. So, we went back home and they took me to a beautiful French restaurant. After dinner they gave me my present: a new keyboard.

The Food of Love

Vocabulary Builder

Word families (1): ways of talking In Unit 6 we read an interview with Paul McCartney. An ‘interview’ is a special type of conversation in which one person asks questions that the other person answers.

1 Match these words to their definitions. Use a dictionary to help you.

1 interview 2 chat 3 conversation 4 interrogation

5 oral exam 6 explanation 7 complaint 8 apology

1 a a conversation in which one person, usually a journalist or a future employer, asks another person questions to get specific information b a test in which you have to speak c when a person asks another to forgive something wrong d two or more people who talk together e an informal conversation between friends f when a person informs another that his / her service or product is not acceptable g when the police ask a suspect questions about a crime h when a person talks about how something works

Word families (2): remembering things

4 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. Use a dictionary to help you. memory (x2) nostalgia

Read the sentences and complete the explanation with the verbs remind and remember: I remembered Jenny’s birthday. (I did not forget) I reminded Susan to buy a present for Jenny. (so Susan would not forget) You remind me of your sister, you’re very alike. (make me think of)

exercise 1. 5 ________________ 6 ________________ 7 ________________ 8 ________________

a We use ________ when we do not forget something. b We use ________ when someone makes you think of someone else because of their similarity. c We use ________ when we don’t want someone to forget something.

Complete the sentences with some of the nouns and verbs in exercises 1 and 2.

oral exam aren’t very 1 The results of your __________ good, your written was better. 2 If you two want to ____________ , please go outside, you’re disturbing everyone! 3 I’d like to ____________ for arriving late at the last meeting. 4 All he ever does is ____________ , he’s never happy with anything, it’s so depressing. 5 Police conducted an ____________ through the night and by morning the suspect had confessed. 6 Can you ____________ how this model of MP4 works, please? 7 I had an interesting ____________ with my music teacher about his experience working with bands.

1 She spent three months in New York but felt homesick all the time and eventually went __________ back to her home town. 2 I have a very clear ____________ of my first guitar, I got it when I was five. 3 Apparently the band are going to write their ____________ : I bet they’re full of gossip. 4 There was a real fifties revival recently, everyone was feeling a sort of ____________ for that time and wanted the clothes, the music, the style. 5 Where did I leave my phone? My ____________ is really terrible these days! 6 I got you this plastic Eiffel Tour as a ____________ from Paris. 7 I ____________ asking her to phone today, but so far I haven’t heard from her.

Word families (3): verbs having to do with memory

2 Now write the verb forms for the nouns in 1 to interview 2 ________________ 3 ________________ 4 ________________

souvenir homesick recall memoirs

5 Underline the correct verb in each sentence.

1 I didn’t remember / remind to tell Luke about my party. 2 Karen reminded / remembered Derek to finish his homework. 3 Your friend remembers / reminds me of Keira Knightley. 4 Sheila remembered / reminded to buy some milk for her neighbour. 5 I have to remind / remember Jesse about the concert. 6 I still remember / remind the horrible argument we had last month.

Skills Reading 1

Read this TTV interview with teen pop idol Cameron Thomas. How has his voice changed?

I had never expected it! Cameron Thomas is a YouTube success story. He is 16, he’s Scottish and he sings pop and R&B. Cameron was discovered in 2008 by Biff Robins, the record producer, who became his manager. Cameron had never heard of Robins at the time. He was only twelve. He released his debut single ‘Time is now’ in 2009, when he was fourteen, and it became a worldwide top ten single. It was followed by his first album, Love, in April, which sold over five million copies worldwide and earned gold status.

TTV Cameron TTV Cameron TTV Cameron

TTV Cameron

TTV Cameron TTV Cameron

When did you start singing? I started singing in the church choir when I was seven. Had it always been your plan to be a singer? Well, when I went to the talent contest, I’d already taught myself to play the piano and guitar. …and the drums and trumpet! Yes, right. I’d forgotten about those! So anyway. I played my guitar and sang. It was great and I won! I’d never done anything like that before. So how did Biff Robins find out about you? My mum had uploaded the video of the contest on YouTube and millions of people watched it. Biff was looking for another singer and he came across my video by chance. Then he phoned my school and asked for my address and he called my mum. Mum says she wasn’t surprised: she’d always thought I’d become a star. Do you write your lyrics yourself? Not anymore. I’ve got a great team of songwriters. I hear you’ve been having problems with your voice. Well, my voice is deeper, which is normal for a boy my age, and I can’t hit the high notes on some of my last songs, so I just sing them in a lower key during my live performances.

2 P Write T (true) or F (false), then correct the false sentences.

1 Cameron was discovered on MySpace. F 2 He knew who Biff Robins was. ___ 3 His first single was released when he was fourteen. ___ 4 His mum taught him how to play the guitar and piano. ___ 5 He entered and won a talent contest. ___ 6 Cameron uploaded the video of the contest on YouTube. ___ 7 His mum was confident that he would be a success. ___ 8 He writes his own songs. ___

Writing 3

T Read the interview again and write about your favourite singer. Use the questions below to help you.

– – – – –

What kind of music does he / she sing? When did he / she start singing? What was his / her first hit? Does he/she write his / her own songs? How many singles / albums has he / she made?

Listening

4 7 P Listen to the rest of the interview with Cameron and decide whether the sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1 He has more than one favourite singer. T 2 Billy Bond is American. ___ 3 His sings pop and rock. ___ 4 Billy’s number one hit was in the top ten for one month. ___ 5 Billy Bond can play an instrument. ___ 6 He writes his songs himself. ___ 7 Cameron has two of his albums. ___ 8 Cameron has never performed with Billy. ___

Too Much TV Focus on Grammar

Reported speech • We use reported speech when we want to report something that another person has said. Usually we use the verbs to say and to tell followed by that. • In informal language especially, that is often omitted. Mum says it’s time to go to bed. • We use the verb to tell only when there is an indirect object. James is telling his mum he wants to go to bed. • When we go from direct to indirect speech it is often necessary to make some changes in the verb tense. The table below shows some of the more common changes: Direct speech

Indirect speech

Present simple Lucy said: ‘I like watching TV in the evening.’

Past simple Lucy said she liked watching TV in the evening.

Present continuous Sam said: ‘I am thinking about buying a new car.’

Past continuous Sam said he was thinking about buying a new car.

Past continuous They said: ‘We were studying hard.’

Past perfect continuous They said they had been studying hard.

Present perfect He said: ‘I have just met Sarah.’

Past perfect He said he had just met Sarah.

Past perfect Mum said: ‘If you had arrived five minutes later, there would have been no ice cream left.’

Past perfect Mum said that if we had arrived five minutes later, there would have been no ice cream left.

Future Sue said: ‘I will call you.’

Conditional Sue said she would call me.

Imperative The teacher said: ‘Keep silent, please!’

Infinitive The teacher said to keep silent.

! The Present simple remains unchanged in indirect speech if we want to underline the fact that what is reported is still true at the time of speaking. Galileo said that the Earth goes round the sun. • In addition to changes in verb tense when going from direct to indirect speech, there are also changes in personal and reflexive pronouns and in possessive adjectives and pronouns. Lucy (to Martin) ‘I have called you several times’. Lucy said she had called him several times.

• Other changes concern adverbial expressions of time and place and demonstratives, as shown in the table below. Direct speech

Indirect speech

now

then

last year / month / week...

the year / month / week... before the previous year / month / week...

yesterday

the day before / the previous day

today

that day

tomorrow

the following day

next week / month / year…

the week / month / year…after the following week / month / year…

this / these

that / those

here / there

there

Verb + to infinitive vs verb + -ing form • Some verbs require a specific construction with either the infinitive or the gerund. It is best to always check the dictionary. It’s getting late. I suggest taking a cab. I can’t afford to buy a new car. • Some verbs can take either the infinitive or the gerund. The meaning can sometimes change very little or it can sometimes change significantly. • begin, start, continue: – can take either the infinitive or the -ing form. I was at the bus stop when it suddenly started to snow / snowing. – but, if these verbs are used in the continuous form, then they can only take the infinitive. He was starting to get tired.

• forget, remember, regret: – are followed by the -ing form if they refer to past situations. I remember meeting that lady. (it has already happened) – are followed by the infinitive if they refer to future situations. I must remember to buy some bread on my way home. (it hasn’t happened yet) • stop: – takes the -ing form when it means ‘to no longer do something / to quit’. You should really stop smoking. – takes the infinitive when it means ‘to interrupt what you are doing to do something else’. It was such a long drive that I stopped to have a cup of coffee and something to eat.

• hate, love, like, prefer: – are followed by the -ing form if they refer to generic situations. I don’t like going out in the evening. – are followed by the infinitive if they refer to specific situations. I prefer not to go out tonight. – are always followed by the infinitive when used in the conditional tense. Tonight I’d like to go to bed a bit earlier.

My Glossary Leisure time activities coins entertainment stamps to collect to hang out to keep fit to play to play cards to play chess to visit relatives

_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________

TV audience broadcast cartoon channel chat show current affairs documentary

_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________

episode series sitcom sports programme the news to broadcast viewer Expressions can’t stand couch potato to be crazy about to be hooked on whose turn is it? Other... nouns advice blockbuster contest

_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________

_______________ _______________ _______________

fame grade researcher report tournament

_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________

verbs to agree to attract to book to compete to interfere to miss to take up

_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________

adverbs hilariously worldwide

_______________ _______________

Too Much TV

Grammar and Vocabulary Practice

Grammar

Reported speech

Underline the correct words to report the statements.

1 Change the direct statements into reported speech. 1 ‘I need a new battery for my MP4 player,’ said Kevin. Kevin said he needed a new battery for his MP4 player. 2 ‘Stop shouting and listen!’ said Lorna. _________________________________________ 3 ‘I’m having a great time here on holiday,’ said Helen. _________________________________________ 4 ‘You can go to the shops tomorrow,’ said Dad. _________________________________________ 5 ‘I moved away from this town three years ago,’ said Don. _________________________________________ 6 ‘I’ll take it tomorrow,’ said Diana. _________________________________________

2 Look at the reported speech and write the direct statements. 1 Catherine told Billy that she would call him the next day. ‘I’ll call you tomorrow, Billy,’ said Catherine. 2 Mark told Ruth that she had done a good job the day before. _________________________________________ 3 Vicky said she had really enjoyed the film. _________________________________________ 4 Penny said she couldn’t understand that exercise. _________________________________________ 5 Donald said that his mobile phone was broken. _________________________________________ 6 Mum said we could go out for a coffee with her. _________________________________________

say and tell 3

Complete the sentences with the correct form of say or tell. 1 ‘I don’t know what to do,’ _____ said Simon. 2 Mary ____________ Derek that the party was cancelled. 3 I think she ____________ no to him when he asked her to help out at the concert. 4 My grandmother always ____________ that she wanted to be an actress. 5 She was so angry with Brian she ____________ him to go away and never come back. 6 He misses a lot of meetings so I always ____________ him what happened via email. 7 We ____________ the children to go to bed early.

1 ‘I have never seen anything like this mess!’ said Dad. Dad said that he has / had never seen anything like that / this mess. 2 ‘I can lend you the book,’ said Martin to Emily. Martin said / told Emily he / she can / could lend him / her the book. 3 ‘We’ll go tomorrow,’ said Mum. Mum said / told we will / would go tomorrow / the next day. 4 ‘I think Jenny’s watching TV now,’ said Jack. Jack said he thought Jenny is / was watching TV at that moment / now. 5 ‘I finished watching the DVD yesterday,’ said Jason. Jason said he had finished / finished watching the DVD yesterday / the day before. 6 ‘I think you should stay here,’ said Paul to Emma. Paul told / said Emma to stay there / here. 7 ‘I don’t like tomatoes,’ said Brenda. Brenda said / told she doesn’t / didn’t like tomatoes.

Verb + to infinitive vs verb + -ing 5

Underline the correct verb forms.

1 He agreed to meet / meeting them after school. 2 I don’t think I want going / to go to the cinema this evening. 3 Do you fancy to have / having a cup of tea? 4 I’d love to go / going to the sea with you next weekend. 5 Oh no, I forgot to buy / buying the milk for breakfast, and there’s none in the fridge. 6 Please promise to do / doing this favour for me. 7 I really miss to live / living in the country.

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.

7 Underline the correct word in each sentence.

1 I love that TV series / series TV called Brothers and Sisters. 2 There are too many quiz games / game shows on English TV. 3 Do you know what time the news is / are on? 4 I like programmes about history and archaeology, like documentaries / reality shows. 5 I can’t stand drama series / current affairs programmes because I’m not interested in politics. 6 My brother is very keen on football. He spends all his Sundays watching films / sports programmes.

1 If your computer has problems try __________ switching it off and restarting it. (switch) 2 I can’t stand ____________ early on Sundays too! (get up) 3 I remembered ____________ Rona at the last moment so I spoke to her before she left. (call) 4 I’d like ____________ a day off work please. (take) 5 Let’s stop ____________ some petrol at this service station. (get) 6 I remember ____________ into the car, but then I fell asleep and don’t remember anything about the journey. (get) 7 I forgot ____________ the door last night, I have to be more careful. (lock)

Hobbies and leisure 9

Complete the sentences with a word from the box. There are two extra words. painting video games the piano chess musical hanging out visiting relatives having a meal going for coffee bowling

Vocabulary TV programmes 7

Match the sentence halves.

1 Let’s watch the news 2 The people on that reality show 3 I don’t find that sitcom 4 On that chat show last night 5 Maybe we could go on a game show 6 There’s a lovely cartoon 7 I don’t think that new current affairs programme 8 I love that soap opera

a there were some really interesting interviews. b because the characters are always doing crazy things. c are always fighting and arguing. 1 d to find out what’s happened recently. e goes into subjects deeply enough. f at all funny. g and win some money! h with really beautiful animation.

1 My brother plays a lot of ______ chess with his friend, he says he finds the concentration relaxing. 2 Don’t you find ____________ boring? And don’t your eyes hurt after hours looking at a screen? 3 My parents are going to see a ____________ but I don’t like them, all that singing and dancing! 4 We were thinking of ____________ at a restaurant when Jill comes to visit. 5 Sometimes it’s nice to spend time just ____________ with friends and chatting. 6 You need good light to do ____________ or you can’t see the colours properly. 7 Don’t you love those funny shoes you have to wear when you go ____________ ? 8 We usually spend time at Christmas ____________ we don’t see for the rest of the year.

Too Much TV

English in Context

Read the dialogue and complete the sentences below with say or tell and the correct verb forms.

Jess Kate Jess Kate

Jess Kate Jess Kate Jess Kate Jess

Kate

Jess Kate

Do you watch much TV? Yes, about two or three hours a day. When do you watch TV? Well, I usually watch it in the evening, after I’ve done my homework. What do you watch? I like watching soaps and films. Do you watch DVDs? Yes, all the time. I watched one last night. Oh, I see you’ve got Twilight. I’ll lend it to you if you like. Great. I promise I’ll bring it back on Monday. Do you ever go to the cinema? Every week. I’m going to the cinema tomorrow. Do you ever watch films on your laptop? No, I’ve never watched films on my computer.

1 Kate _____ told Jess she ________ watched about two or three hours of TV a day. 2 She ____________ she ____________ TV in the evening, after ____________ her homework. 3 Kate ____________ Jess she ____________ watching soaps and films. 4 She ____________ she ____________ a DVD the night ____________ . 5 Kate ____________ she ____________ Jess Twilight. 6 Jess ____________ she ____________ it her back on Monday. 7 Kate ____________ Jess that she ____________ to the cinema the ____________ day. 8 Kate ____________ she ____________ films on her computer.

Put the conversation into the correct order. Martha She says she’s got a lot of homework. Kate She says we all spend too much on things. Kate Well, she asked me not to tell anyone. She said she doesn’t want us to buy her stuff. Kate Is she doing homework on her birthday? Martha OK, maybe she’d prefer to have something home-made. We could try making her a cake. 1 Kate What’s Emma doing on Saturday? Martha I didn’t know it was her birthday, you should have told me. Martha Why not? Kate A cake? I’ve got a better idea. Let’s take her bowling. She’d love that.

Complete the dialogue with the verb say and the correct reported form of the direct speech in brackets.

Carol June Carol June

Carol June Carol June Carol June

Carol June

What did your dad say? He (1) _________________ said he would buy me a new TV. (I will buy) What did your mum say? She (2) ____________ one. (you can’t have) Why not? She (3) ____________ hard enough. (you haven’t been working) Well, what did you say? I (4) ____________ (it isn’t) true. And then? Well, she (5) ____________ (you spend too much time watching) those silly reality shows on TV. But they’re cool, I quite like them… Me too! That’s why I (6) ____________ (they’re much better) than those boring game shows she’s watching all the time!

4 Complete the dialogue with the verb tell and the correct reported form of the words in brackets.

Jordan

What did you tell your mum about Friday? Michael I (1) ____________________ told her we had to do our homework. (her / we have to do). What did you tell yours? Jordan (2) ____________ to the library. (her / I am going) Michael What did Jack say about your MP3? Jordan He (3) ____________ it. (me / he hasn’t taken) Michael But what did your mum say? Jordan She (4) ____________ me a new one. (me / she will get)

5 Correct the underlined parts of the mini dialogues. 1 A My sister loves to watching TV at breakfast. loves watching B I can’t stand watch TV in the morning. ____________ 2 A Oh no, I remembered to buy the cheese, but I forgot getting the milk! ____________ B Don’t worry, I’ll try get some when I go out later. ____________ 3 A Are you looking forward to go on holiday? ____________ B Yes. But I am not looking forward packing! ____________ 4 A Do you fancy go for a Chinese meal tonight? ____________ B I’d prefer stay in, if you don’t mind. _______ 5 A Why are you late? B I stopped buying some chocolate for you at the shop tonight! ____________ A I’ve stopped to eating it! ____________ I’m trying losing weight. ____________ 6 A I want learn how to play the piano. ____________ B I used playing the piano. ____________

Complete the conversation with words from the box. There are two extra words. affairs news talent documentaries sports

chat series game reality

Chris Have you seen that new TV (1) ______ series about those people that crash on a desert island? Lena Lost? No, I haven’t. Did you see Big Brother last night? Chris No, I hate (2) ____________ TV. I like watching (3) ____________ shows like Who wants to be a millionaire? Lena You’re joking! Did you see who won The X Factor? Chris What’s The X Factor? Lena It’s a (4) ____________ show. There are some really good singers on it. Chris I see. I like (5) ____________ programmes, you know football, athletics. Lena I can’t stand watching sports on TV. Chris Don’t tell me you like those (6) ____________ shows with boring guests talking about themselves. Lena No, my mum likes those. Chris My mum and dad watch current (7) ____________ programmes all the time. They’re really boring!

Sum up!

7 Complete the dialogue with the correct form of the verbs from the box. spend

surf

play

walk

bowling

swim

jog

Nick Do you and Anne have a lot in common? Josh Some things. We both like (1) _______ surfing the Net and (2) ____________ video games. Anne Yes, we love our gadgets. Josh But Anne’s a lot sportier than me. Anne I usually go (3) ____________ twice a week. There’s a pool at school and I love (4) ____________ in the park. Josh I’m not a total couch potato. I don’t mind (5) ____________ ! Anne Yes, right. You walk to your car! Josh Come on, I tried (6) ____________ to a gym but I hated it. Anne They’re boring. Nick What do you like doing together? Anne We both like (7) ____________ time with our friends. Josh And we love going (8) ____________ ! We’ve both got our own balls and shoes! Anne Yes, it’s great fun. You should come some time.

8 Now write about your hobbies and interests and those of your best friend / boyfriend / girlfriend. Do you like doing the same things? I like / love…, I can’t stand… , I don’t mind…, He / She likes / loves…, We both like…

Translate! 9

ranslate the following sentences into your T own language.

1 Remember to close the door. _________________________________________ 2 I don’t like playing chess. _________________________________________ 3 Where would you like to go on Friday night? _________________________________________ 4 Dad told me I can’t go to the party. _________________________________________ 5 I’m trying to concentrate. Can you turn off the TV? _________________________________________ 6 My boyfriend doesn’t like going to the cinema. _________________________________________

Too Much TV

Vocabulary Builder

Words with the same spelling but different pronunciation

In English some words are spelled the same way, but they are pronounced differently. It could be useful to note down these differences in your notebook. You can find the phonetic spelling of a word in the dictionary which will help you to pronounce it correctly, even without your teacher’s help.

Look at the words in the box and write those which have two meanings with different pronunciations beside their definitions. There are two which do not change.

Gerunds as nouns In Unit 7 we have learnt the words for certain hobbies and pastimes such as swimming and hanging out with friends. These expressions are based on a verb in the gerund, or -ing form, and are very useful when there is no corresponding noun to describe the activity or when we want to talk about an activity that takes place in relation to that noun. Football is a simple, cheap game for people to play. Playing football keeps you fit, but watching it does nothing for your health.

3 Complete the sentences with the gerunds in the box. writing looking moving printing fencing reading cooking

read tear row excuse minute insult produce wind

1 ____________ read /ri:d/ : a verb, infinitive of verb ____________ read /red/ : b verb, the Past simple and Past participle of the verb to read 2 ____________ : a verb, to rip ____________ : b noun, what comes out of your eyes when you cry 3 ____________ : a verb, to pull the oars in a boat; noun, a line of people or things side by side ____________ : b verb and noun: to argue, argument 4 ____________ : a verb, to pardon ____________ : b noun, an explanation for a mistake or wrong action 5 ____________ : a noun, 60 seconds ____________ : b adjective, tiny 6 ____________ : a verb, to say offensive things to a person ____________ : b noun, an offensive comment 7 ____________ : a verb, to make ____________ : b noun, what you make 8 ____________ : a verb, to roll something round and round ____________ : b noun, air which is moving fast

2 Now look at the underlined words in these sentences and decide which pronunciation they have: a or b.

1 Please be careful, you’ll tear the pages of the book! a 2 You have no excuse for lying to us. 3 There’s a lot of wind today, take a hat. 4 She had a big row with her boyfriend. 5 Look who’s sitting in the third row! 6 There’s no need to insult each other, calm down.

1 ________ Writing is a creative hobby but it isn’t easy to make a living. 2 ____________ seems to be an elegant sport, with the two people dressed in white and with those delicate little swords. 3 ____________ house isn’t a good idea right now, we should save a bit more money first. 4 For some people ____________ is a real passion, but personally I prefer just to eat. 5 ____________ for bargains at second-hand markets is getting very popular as a Sunday pastime. 6 I find ____________ a wonderful way to spend an afternoon: a book and a cup of tea. 7 ____________ documents is getting easier with cheap home printers.

Word families: verbs of the senses with similar meanings 4 Look at the words in the box and divide them into the groups. Use a dictionary to help you. listen (to) see smell try feel talk overhear taste sniff tell hear watch shout look (at) touch say

nose

see eyes

listen ears

verbs of the senses

sensations

voice

food

Skills Reading

1 Read the article in a school magazine about TV series. How do Clark’s parents help him?

He says he wants to be like everyone else There have been a number of teen sitcoms over the years with a supernatural theme. I have chosen three popular teen TV series which have the same ingredients: supernatural characters who live normal lives. The TV series Charmed is on every day Monday to Friday at 3 p.m. It is about three pretty sisters in their twenties, Prue, Piper and Phoebe, who inherit a big house from their grandmother in San Francisco and also inherit her special powers. They are normal women who are also witches. They go to work, do the housework, hang out with friends and at the same time protect their town from evil! Phoebe, for example, (Alyssa Milano) who is a journalist, has the power of premonition. When the series was proposed, a famous TV producer said nobody would want to watch a series about three witches. But the first episode was watched by record audiences in the US. The series Kyle XY is a mystery / science fiction / drama series. The series has finished, but there are reruns every day on Channel Four at 6 p.m. It’s about a 16-year-old boy (Matt Dallas) who has lost his memory. He is adopted by the Traegar family and given the name Kyle. He is strange; he does not have a belly button and he has supernatural powers. The story is all about how he tries to find out who he is. He only remembers waking up naked in a forest. He loves being part of a family and likes going to school. He meets a man who tells him that he has special powers and takes him away from the Traegars. But one day Kyle says he doesn’t want to be special, he misses his adoptive family, so he goes back to the Traegars. Smallville is the story of the early years of Clark Kent (Tom Welling), who grows up in the fictional town of Smallville in Kansas. Martha desperately wants to have children, but can’t have them. She and her husband Jonathan adopt a little boy they find in a field and call him Clark. Clark is much stronger and faster than normal children, but Clark wants to be an ordinary teen. He wants to join the school football team, but his father tells him he can’t. He says he has to keep his powers a secret. Jonathan tells him the truth, that he is an alien. Clark is horrified. He hates being different, he says he wants to be like everyone else. His parents help him to accept himself.

Answer the questions.

1 Which character does Alyssa Milano play? 2 Who said the show Charmed would not be a success? 3 Which channel is Kyle XY on? 4 What does Kyle remember? 5 Why doesn’t Kyle want to be special? 6 What does Martha want? 7 What special powers does Clark have? 8 What does Clark’s father tell him?

Writing 3

T Write about a programme your parents watch. Use the questions below to help you. – – – – –

What’s the name of the programme? What kind of programme is it? Which channel is it on and when is it on? Who appears in the programme? Do you like it? Why / Why not?

Listening 4

8 P Listen to Amy, Tony and Marion talking to an interviewer about their free time. Choose the correct answer: a, b or c. 1 Amy a hangs out with her friends and her boyfriend. b doesn’t see anyone. c goes out a lot. 2 Tony a watches a lot of TV. b enjoys playing chess. c doesn’t like sports. 3 Marion a watches game shows. b likes acting. c likes chat shows. 4 Who doesn’t mention TV? b Tony a Amy

c Marion

5 Who likes watching cartoons? b Tony a Amy

c Marion

We’ve Got Rights! Focus on Grammar

Reported questions

Causatives

• To report a question indirectly, we use the verb to ask or verbs like to wonder, to inquire, to want to know. Joseph was wondering whether he should buy an engagement ring for Claire. I enquired how much the tickets were. Peter wanted to know if the kids were sleeping.

• The verbs to have and to get can be used as causative verbs in the following structure: to have + object + Past participle or: to get + object + Past participle

• If the question begins with a Wh- word (What, When, Why…) then we keep that word in the reported question, followed by subject and verb. Jill When did you start the campaign? Jill asked me when I had started the campaign. • If the question is a yes / no question, the reported question begins with if or whether. John Do you play the guitar? John wanted to know whether / if I played the guitar. • In the reported answers we use the verbs to answer or to reply. A Does Sandy go on holiday with her parents? B Yes, she does. I asked if Sandy went on holiday with her parents and he answered / replied (that) she did. • Just as with reported speech for affirmative or negative statements, in reported questions it is important to pay attention to the changes in verb tense, pronouns, demonstratives and possessive adjectives / pronouns. Max Will you help me with the housework? Max asked me if I would help him with the housework.

Both structures may be used with no difference in meaning. I had my car repaired. / I got my car repaired. • When to have and to get are used as causative verbs, we use do / does / did in questions and negatives. How often do you have your hair done? When did you last get your car serviced? • We use causatives to say that the action is caused by the subject, but is not carried out directly by him / her. Martha had / get her ears pierced last summer. (the action was not carried out directly by Martha)

! Note! Compare the meaning of these two sentences. Dad repaired the leaking tap. Dad will have / get the leaking tap repaired. In the first instance, Dad repaired the tap himself. In the second, he called a plumber to do the job.

8 My Glossary Campaigns aim campaign local council petition placard support to protest to save to sign

_________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________

Describing people ambitious calm confident courage curly hair determined easy-going generous irresponsible kind lazy optimist optimistic ordinary pessimist pessimistic proud sensible sensitive serious shy soft-spoken straight hair

_________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________

Jobs architect builder carpenter dentist electrician gardener hairdresser mechanic optician plumber tailor

_________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________

In town gym car park playground traffic lights youth club

_________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________

Science biological brain evidence gene scientist

_________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________

Collocations to do oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s hair to take a test to take out a tooth to tell a story

_________________ _________________ _________________ _________________

Other... nouns appointment

_________________

background board chess degree genius prize site tap tattoo

_________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________

adjectives brand-new environmental fair first-class messy professional well-known well-made well-off

_________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________

verbs to break down _________________ to check _________________ to deliver _________________ to design _________________ to dye _________________ _________________ to fix to get on well with _________________ to interview _________________ _________________ to leak to plan _________________ _________________ to promise to reply _________________ to solve _________________ _________________ to subscribe

We’ve Got Rights!

Grammar and Vocabulary Practice

Grammar

Reported questions 1

Match the sentence halves.

1 The policeman asked the man 2 Martin asked his maths teacher 3 We asked our friends 4 Robert asked his girlfriend 5 I asked the bus driver 6 She asked the shop assistant 7 Susan asked her mother a if she would marry him. b if she could go to the party. c if she could try on the jeans. 1 d what he was doing outside the bank. e why they hadn’t come to the party. f if he had passed the test. g what time the bus would arrive in Oxford.

2 Underline the correct words to complete the reported sentences.

1 ‘Are you going tomorrow?’ asked Diana. Diana asked if I’m / was going the next day. 2 ‘Where have you put the phone?’ asked Nora. Nora asked where / when I had put the phone. 3 ‘Do you like these pictures?’ Maria asked Pauline. Maria asked Pauline if she had liked / liked those pictures. 4 ‘What are you doing at the weekend?’ Wendy asked. Wendy asked what were we / we were doing at the weekend. 5 ‘Can you sort this for me?’ asked Pete. Pete asked if I could sort that for her / him. 6 ‘When did the children arrive?’ asked the teacher. The teacher asked if / when the children had arrived. 7 ‘Did Katherine phone Mike?’ asked Kirsty. Kirsty asked if / when Katherine had called Mike.

Report the following questions.

1 ‘Where are your books?’ Sarah asked Vicky. Sarah asked Vicky where her books were. 2 ‘Why haven’t you finished?’ I asked Peter. _________________________________________ 3 ‘Are you going on the school trip?’ Brian asked Rob. _________________________________________ 4 ‘Can you tell me the time?’ asked Ruth. _________________________________________ 5 ‘Will you give me a hand?’ Lorna asked Tom. _________________________________________ 6 ‘Is Emma coming to the meeting tomorrow?’ Alison asked Julie. _________________________________________ 7 ‘Has Donald signed our petition?’ Terry asked Oliver. _________________________________________ 8 ‘Is Frank going to call us today?’ asked Mark. _________________________________________

Causatives 4 Rewrite the sentences, starting with the words provided.

1 Susan had her hair cut. The hairdresser _______________ cut Susan’s hair . 2 Mark had his phone repaired. The technician ________________________ . 3 My parents got the house painted. Some painters ________________________ . 4 I’m having my dog taken care of while I’m away. Someone ________________________ . 5 Helen got her clothes dry cleaned. The cleaners ________________________ . 6 I had my palm read by a clairvoyant. A clairvoyant ________________________ . 7 We get our shopping delivered. A van ________________________ .

Rewrite the sentences with have or get.

1 My sister is making a dress for me. I’m having a dress made. 2 The man is going to tattoo a rose on my ankle. _________________________________________ 3 My mum does my photocopies for me. _________________________________________ 4 A florist arranged my sister’s wedding flowers. _________________________________________ 5 A man is cutting my grass for me. _________________________________________ 6 A travel agent booked my flights. _________________________________________ 7 An expert cleaner cleaned my mum’s sofa. _________________________________________

Vocabulary

Personality adjectives

8 Match the objects to the correct job. 2

6 Underline the correct word to complete each sentence.

1 You always think everything will be OK, you’re so serious / kind / optimistic. 2 Jackie’s very sensible / ambitious / shy, she doesn’t like speaking to people she doesn’t know. 3 She never shouts, she’s really very strong / soft-spoken / optimistic. 4 He hopes to be very successful in his job, because he’s pretty ambitious / irresponsible / sensible. 5 Never stay out late without phoning me, it’s very kind / generous / irresponsible. 6 Saving your money for a new DVD player seems a shy / sensible / irresponsible idea to me. 7 She wants to save that wood from property developers, she’s absolutely determined / optimistic / kind to do it.

Jobs 7

Complete the sentences with words from Unit 8. The first letter is given.

ye test , I’d better 1 I think I need to get an e_______ call the optician. 2 Why don’t you get an architect to d____________ your new flat interior? 3 This light doesn’t work at all, you should call an e____________ . 4 I’m going to the hairdresser’s to get my hair d____________ because I don’t like this colour. 5 My dad once had a suit made by a t____________ . 6 This pipe has been leaking for days, I think I need a p____________. 7 I’m taking the car to the mechanic, he has to f____________ the brakes.

1 a dentist b doctor c hairdresser

d carpenter e optician f gardener

9 Complete the dialogue using the words in the box. leak

plumber mechanic hairdresser carpenter builder tailor

Sandra So what’s your brother going to do after school, then? Luke He doesn’t really know. He’s good with his hands. He thought maybe a mechanic , because he likes cars (1) _________ too. Sandra Not bad. What about the cold though? If he trains to be a (2) ____________ he can work inside all winter. Luke Yes, but all those bathrooms and kitchens. Not always nice and clean. I thought maybe a (3) ____________ . It’s very satisfying to see a house develop under your hands. Or a (4) ____________ because you can work with wood, which is lovely. Sandra True, it’s more creative too. Like maybe making clothes. Luke What, fashion? Ugh! Sandra No, I mean the people that actually make the clothes, like a (5) ____________ for example. Luke Uhm, I think he would be better mending a (6) ____________ in someone’s pipes than a hole in their jacket. Mum thinks he should train as a (7) ____________ , but he went mad at the idea of working with people’s hair!

We’ve Got Rights!

English in Context

P Read the interview then choose the correct answer: a, b or c.

Underline the correct words in the report of an interview with JK Rowling.

Journalist Jay Journalist Jay Journalist Jay Journalist Jay Journalist Jay Journalist

Which school do you go to? I go to Loft wood High, in London. How old are you? I’m 17. I’ll be 18 in June. Why are you marching? Because our school doesn’t have enough teachers or equipment. What are the aims of the demonstration? We want the government to spend more money on education. Have you told your parents you are here? Of course! My mum is here too! Have you always been interested in politics? Jay No, I’ve never done anything like this before. This is my first demonstration. Journalist Are you going back to school tomorrow? Jay Yes, I am. Unfortunately!

1 He asked me which school _________ I went to . a I did go to b I went to c did I go to 2 He asked me how old ____________ . a was I b I was c I have 3 He asked Jay ____________ . a why was he marching b why he was marching c why he had marched 4 He asked Jay ____________ of the demonstration. a which the aims are b which were the aims c which the aims were 5 He asked Jay ____________ his parents about the demonstration. a did tell b if he had told c what told 6 He asked Jay ____________ in politics. a if he had always been interested b why was always interested c had always been interested 7 Jay told him ____________ anything like this before. a he had never done b I’ve never done c did ever do 8 He asked Jay if ____________ to school tomorrow. a is he going b was he going c he was going

The interviewer (1) asked / told JK Rowling why she had chosen to write a children’s book and she (2) asked / said she hadn’t made a choice, children’s books had chosen her. The interviewer asked JK Rowling (3) when / why she had got the idea for Harry Potter. She (4) said / told the interviewer it had been on a train from Manchester to London. The interviewer (5) answered / asked how long it had taken her to write the book and she said it had taken five years. The interviewer then asked (6) when / if she had ever expected Harry Potter to be so successful and she (7) replied / told that she had only wanted to become an author. The interview asked (8) weather / whether she enjoyed writing a book for adults and she said she had found it very challenging.

Complete the words in the dialogue.

Lorna

Lucas and Theo look the same but they are very different. Tamara I know. Lucas is in my class. He is really (1) e_ x_ t _ r _ o _ v _ e _r _ t _d e and (2) f_ _ _ _d_ y. Lorna Yes, but Theo is nice too. He is a bit more (3) s_r_ _ _s. He works hard and he seems (4) s_ y. He doesn’t talk very much, but he’s very nice. He’s very (5) k_ _d and helpful. Tamara Yes, he wants to become a doctor. He’s (6) d_ _ _ _m_ _ _d and hardworking. Lorna Lucas likes having (7) f_n but he’s not (8) ir_ _ _p_ _ _ _ _ _e . He always does his homework. He is also a very (9) g_ _ _ _ _ _s boy. He shares the cakes and biscuits his mum has made!

Find the jobs in the box in the word search. mechanic dentist optician doctor gardener carpenter tailor electrician

T G A R D E N E R

D A E E E L T E I

P N R O N E A E E

M D C L T C R P C

E O P T I T I S N

C C E A S R A I R

H T C L T I T I A

A O P T I C I A N

N R R T A I L O R

I T O P A A P A N

C A R P E N T E R

5 Complete the mini dialogues using the correct form of the verbs in the box and have or get. manicure

repair

dye

deliver

test

cut

paint

1 A Your hair is short! B Yes I ____________ ’ve had it cut . (it) 2 A Our living room needs a bit of colour. B You’re right. Let’s ____________ . (it) 3 A Your nails are a nice colour. B Yes, I ____________ . (them) 4 A The computer’s not working. B We will have to ____________ . (it) 5 A Those are nice glasses. B Yes, I ____________ (my eyes) last week and got a new pair of glasses. 6 A I like the colour of Amy’s hair B She ____________ (it) at that expensive hairdresser’s in town. 7 A This fruit is really good. B Yes it’s organic. We ____________ . (it)

6 Complete the dialogues with Why don’t you / I don’t think you should and a verb from exercise 5.

1 A My eyes hurt and I’ve got a headache. B Why don’t you have your eyes tested? (your eyes) 2 A My hair is too long. B ___________________________ (it) 3 A My laptop’s broken again. B ___________________________ (it) It’s five years old. Why don’t you buy a new one? 4 A I can’t pick up my new sofa because I haven’t got a car anymore. B ___________________________ (it) 5 A I hate the colour of my hair. I’m going to the hairdresser’s. B ___________________________ , you had it done two weeks ago. 6 A My bedroom is really depressing. B ___________________________ . (it)

Sum up!

7 Change the phrases from the box into reported sentences and questions to complete the dialogue. Which films are you going to watch? Where are you going? I don’t need it. We’re going to watch films. Why haven’t you got your school bag? Why did you lie? Where are you really going? I knew you didn’t want me to go. I’m going to school.

Danny Did you go to the demonstration yesterday afternoon? Paul Yes, but I bumped into my dad as I was walking down the road. Danny What did he say? where I was going . Paul He asked me (1) _________________ Danny What did you say? Paul I told him (2) ____________ for afternoon lessons. Danny Then what? Paul Well, he asked me (3) ____________ with me. Danny So what did you say? Paul I told him (4) ____________ . Danny Films? Good one! Paul Not really. He asked me (5) ____________ and I could only think of one, Elizabeth. The problem was he remembered we’d seen that a month ago. Danny So then what did he say? Paul Well, he asked me (6) ____________ and I told him I was going on the demo. Danny Was he angry? Paul Not really. He asked me (7) ____________ to him. Danny And what did you say? Paul I told him it was (8) ____________ on the march.

Translate! 8

ranslate the following sentences into your T own language.

1 We asked Helen why she had left Paul. 2 She asked us if we were going to the party. 3 They asked me if she was ambitious. 4 Maria was very courageous. 5 Martha is very shy. She doesn’t speak to anyone. 6 I’m going to get my computer fixed. 7 Simon isn’t very serious. 8 My teacher is very kind. 9 I need to get my hair cut.

We’ve Got Rights!

Vocabulary Builder

Word families: adjectives, adverbs and nouns When you look up a word in the dictionary, make a note of other words that derive from it. This will help you to triple your lexis.

Complete the table with adjectives from Unit 8.

Adjective

Adverb

Noun

shy sensible irresponsible kind generous strong determined calm courageous

shyly

shyness

Now underline the antonyms of the adjectives in exercise 3 in these sentences.

Word families: causes and political objectives 5 Match the words in the box with their definitions. Use a dictionary to help you.

petition rally

2 Now use words from the table to complete the paragraph. As a child, Steven was always very (1) ____ shy , he hardly ever spoke. But he was well-known for his (2) ___________ towards animals: he would never treat an animal badly. He was always capable of staying (3) ___________ in difficult situations when others went into a panic. And from a young age he spoke of his (4) ___________ to become a vet: no other job interested him. He was always an intelligent, (5) ___________ boy, and never behaved stupidly or (6) ___________ , so no one was surprised when he graduated as a vet. But imagine how amazed we were when his (7) ___________ of character enabled him to beat a hundred other applicants to become Channel 3’s new TV vet – our soft-spoken, quiet Steven was now a TV star.

Synonyms and antonyms Another way to expand your vocabulary consists in writing down and learning the synonyms and antonyms of new words you are studying.

Match the adjectives on the left with their synonyms.

1 optimistic 2 shy 3 generous 4 ordinary 5 keen 6 nervous 7 brave

1 What a depressing view of life, so pessimistic. 2 I’m feeling pretty confident about my driving test. 3 Don’t be so mean with your time and energy, help us! 4 I think he’s totally bored with the idea. 5 That boy is so cowardly, never trust him if you’re in trouble. 6 I’ve got you something really special. 7 They’re great children, so extroverted, and a lot of fun.

a normal b apprehensive c timid 1 d positive e courageous f kind g enthusiastic

march riot campaign sit-in movement demonstration

1 An organised series of actions aimed at gaining a result or sometimes winning a battle. It may include several different types of activity. This aim may not always be to defeat another point of view, it might be for example to increase knowledge of something. _________ campaign 2 When a large group of people walks from one place in a town or city to another, often with banners and flags, to protest about something, and draw attention to it. ____________ 3 A public protest in a space or building where people peacefully refuse to move in order to protest about something. This can last for hours or days. ____________ 4 Similar to a political party but more limited because it refers to one idea or cause, or has members from one group in society, for example students or workers in a particular field. ____________ 5 A large gathering in a public place, often a park, with a stage where important and influential people make speeches to the crowd about a cause. ____________ 6 When people meet in a public place to protest, and this ends in violence with people attacking other people or things. ____________ 7 A document or open letter stating opposition to something, or requesting action from an authority, which lots of people sign. ____________ 8 A large gathering of people in a public place with banners, slogans and flags, in order to protest publicly about something. Usually peaceful, but sometimes tense and angry, often very noisy. ____________

Skills Reading 1

Read the article about Wyn Thomas. Who ruined the march?

We asked him what advice he would give other writers. Wyn Thomas is an intelligent, outgoing young man from Cardiff, in Wales. He was recently voted young journalist of the year for his piece in the Daily Times on the day of action against government plans to increase university fees. (1) Did you take part in the action yourself? ‘Yes, I went down to the demo in London with twenty friends. I took my camera so I could take photos.’ (2) ___________________________________________ ‘Well, yes, I think so. It was a day of action all over the UK not just in London. People of all ages took part and that was significant. It was a peaceful march which was ruined by a minority of irresponsible people. Thirty-five people got arrested, but most of us were there to demonstrate peacefully against cuts in Education spending.’ Wyn was also awarded a prize for his moving photograph of a courageous fourteen-year-old school girl standing in front of a police van. ‘I asked her why she was there and she told me that she wanted to show that not all teenagers were there to be violent and that the government wouldn’t listen to their demands if they were portrayed as violent’. (3) ___________________________________________ ‘I started writing when I was fourteen, for our school magazine, The Young Voice. I’ve always wanted to be a writer, I suppose.’ He told us that his parents had always encouraged him and his sister to take an interest in current events. His father is a carpenter and his mother is a children’s author. Wyn has also written a novel about his grandparents’ life in Wales. A publisher has expressed some interest and he’s hopeful that it will get published this year. (4) ___________________________________________ ‘Let’s see, you should write about things you know about, you should do your research and you shouldn’t send in your work unless you are convinced it’s the best you can do.’ We spent an enjoyable hour talking with Wyn before he rushed off to get his hair cut for the award ceremony!

2 Write the questions below in direct speech and then match them with the spaces 1-4 in the text. A We asked him if he had taken part in the action himself. 1 B We asked him what advice he would give other writers. C We asked when his interest in journalism had started. D We asked him whether he thought the day had been a success.

3 P Write T (true) or F (false). Correct the false statements.

1 Wyn is not shy. T 2 Wyn took his video camera. ___ 3 Thirty-five people were arrested. ___ 4 A lot of people went to the march to cause trouble. ___ 5 The girl wanted to protect the police van. ___ 6 Wyn’s novel is about student protest. ___ 7 Wyn’s book will be published this year. ___ 8 Wyn said that writers should write about things they don’t know much about. ___

Writing 4

P Read the article again and then write a short paragraph about Wyn Thomas. Make notes about the following to help you.

age, place of birth family interest in writing / politics prizes / awards novel

Listening

5 9 P Wyn interviewed Emily, the fourteen-year-old girl he photographed. Listen to the interview and complete the sentences.

1 Wyn asked Emily whether she ____________ when she stood in front of the van. 2 Emily wasn’t ____________ . 3 Emily thought the vandals were ___________ . (adjective) 4 Emily is from ____________ . 5 Emily went to the march by ____________ . 6 Wyn asked her if she was ____________ .

Our Future Focus on Grammar

The passive (2) • The table below shows the passive form of the following verb tenses: Present continuous, Present perfect, Future simple. Verb tense

Active form

Passive form

Present continuous

The council are building a new swimming pool.

A new swimming pool is being built by the council.

Present perfect

This invention has changed our lives.

Our lives have been changed by this invention.

Future simple

Our irresponsible behaviour will affect the future of our planet.

The future of our planet will be affected by our irresponsible behaviour.

• When we use the passive form, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject and vice versa. • The passive form of the Present continuous is used in the following structure: to be + being + Past participle

• The passive form of the Present perfect is used in the following structure: to have + been + Past participle

• The passive form of the Simple future is used in the following structure: will + be + Past participle

• To form the negative passive form of the Present continuous, Present perfect and Simple future we add not to the auxiliary verb. The letter hasn’t been written by Tom. This is Paula’s handwriting.

• To form the interrogative passive form we invert the subject and the auxiliary verb. The preposition by goes at the end of the question. Will you be offered a higher salary in your new job? A Who has the fire been caused by? B It was caused by two children. • We use the passive: – to put more emphasis on the person or the thing that is affected by the action. Two hundred homes have been destroyed by the hurricane, so far. – to highlight a result or situation. English is not spoken here. – when we don’t know the agent. His car has been stolen.

Comparative adverbs • We use the comparative form of an adverb when comparing things or persons, with reference to an action. The second object of comparison is introduced by than. Karl drives more carefully than his wife. • Depending on whether the adverb has one or more syllables, the form we use changes. Form

Comparative

Example

1-syllable adverb

adverb + -er longer, harder, …

It takes longer than I thought.

multi-syllable adverbs

more + adverb more quickly, more quietly, …

Jill visits her grandparents more frequently than I do.

! Some comparatives are irregular, as shown in the table below. Adverb

Comparative

Example

well

better

I can speak English better than you.

badly

worse

I feel worse than I did yesterday.

little

less

If you want to lose weight, you need to eat less.

far

further

My little brother ran further than the other kids.

My Glossary The environment atmosphere carbon dioxide climate change deforestation drought global warming greenhouse effect solar energy wind energy eco-friendly exhaust fumes factory flood noisy nuclear power station ozone layer planet pollution radiation rubbish to pollute to recycle to save traffic jam Natural elements cloud leaf ground

river root sea sky star tree volcano wind

________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

Multi-word verbs to cut down to get up to slow down to switch / turn off to throw away

________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

Collocations to get the message across ________________ to have/take a bath ________________ to plant trees ________________ to ride a bike ________________ to turn the tap off ________________ to waste money ________________ Other... nouns advantage can century coal damage

________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

disadvantage disease facemask hole oil petrol rubbish bin shape strength topic

________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

adjectives endless free stable strong

________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

verbs to avoid to ban to behave to reduce to replace

________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

adverbs differently easily fast hard pretty

________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

Our Future

Grammar and Vocabulary Practice

Grammar

The passive (2)

1 Underline and correct the mistake in each sentence.

1 The street lights has been repaired. have 2 The matter is been discussed as we speak. 3 Twenty families have being evacuated after flooding. 4 New trees will be planting in the park next spring. 5 Wild animals have being hunted in this area for too long. 6 Energy sources will been studied by teams of experts. 7 Viewers are being tell to buy new decoders. 8 Local residents have been informing about the local transport changes. 9 Old buildings is being demolished to make way for a new school.

Change the passive sentences into the active form.

Change the active sentences into the passive form. 1 The owners will sell this painting at auction. This painting will be sold at auction by its owners. 2 A computer expert is writing a new manual for us. _________________________________________ 3 Local people have criticised the decision to close the road. _________________________________________ 4 Teachers will distribute Christmas presents at the party. _________________________________________ 5 A vet is taking care of the injured dog. _________________________________________ 6 Lightning has hit our house! _________________________________________ 7 We’ll finish the project for next year. _________________________________________ 8 A technician will probably repair our TV next week. _________________________________________

Comparative adverbs 4

Join the two sentences with the comparative form of the adverb in brackets.

1 My sister is being taken to a concert by her friends. My sister’s friends are taking her to a concert. 2 Jonathan has been chosen to take part in a play by a local director. _________________________________________ 3 The roads are being repaired by the local council. _________________________________________ 4 We have been told to stay indoors by local police. _________________________________________ 5 Politicians have been challenged to answer questions by angry protesters. _________________________________________ 6 Schoolchildren are being taught road safety by local police. _________________________________________

1 This car goes at up to 200 kilometres per hour. The other car goes at up to 300 kilometres per hour. (fast) That car goes faster than this one. 2 Susan’s writing is very clear. Noemi’s is not as clear. (clearly) _________________________________________ 3 Helen dances well. But Marian dances very well. (better) _________________________________________ 4 Sarah finished the test in an hour. Frank took an hour and a half. (quickly) _________________________________________ 5 I get up at seven o’clock. You get up at half past seven. (early) _________________________________________ 6 Her work is acceptable. Janet does her work with more care. (carefully) _________________________________________ 7 Donald works a lot. Norman works more. (hard) _________________________________________ 8 She speaks in a low voice. Mark shouts. (quietly) _________________________________________ 9 It was difficult to phone you. Now you have a new mobile it’s easier for me to phone you. (easily) _________________________________________

Vocabulary The environment 5

Underline the correct word to complete each sentence.

Saving the environment 7

Match the sentence halves.

1 You can easily save 2 We can try to reduce 3 She wastes 4 You spend too much 5 Remember to turn off 6 Don’t throw away 7 We can recycle 8 People who want to save 9 We can protect

1 I hate the city because of the smell of exhaust dioxide / effect / fumes. 2 It’s better for health reasons to use plastic / carbon / solar bottles for water. 3 It’s much easier to use traffic / public / natural transport in town. 4 In southern countries there should be more use of solar gases / power / energy. 5 The hole in the ozone / global / nuclear layer can’t be mended. 6 Are you concerned about climate gases / change / warming? 7 The level of carbon / exhaust / traffic dioxide is stable. 8 People are concerned about the potential dangers of nuclear pollution / energy / effect. 9 We now know that wind / greenhouse / global warming is a problem everywhere.

Find the extra word in each sentence and cancel it.

1 The greenhouse climate effect is a recent phenomenon. 2 We now have to substitute traffic plastic bags with biodegradable ones. 3 The key for the future is clean energy warming. 4 There’s a problem with noise pollution effect in city centres. 5 A terrible forest solar fire destroyed the area. 6 Try to use public transport traffic when possible. 7 Checks show that the nuclear ozone level is rising.

a money on your fuel bills. b paper, take it to be recycled. c trees can use recycled paper. d pollution in lots of different ways. e plastic now, and make containers and bottles from it. 1 f water by turning off taps. g forests by planting artificial ones for wood. h the heating when you leave. i energy, she never switches off the lights.

8 Complete the conversation with the words in the box. The are two extra words. change effect plastic layer global carbon protect saving recycled

Ben

Jason

Ben

Jason Ben

Jason

I’ve been thinking of starting a focus change . Would group on climate (1) ________ you like to come along, Jason? I don’t know. What can we do about the world’s problems? I mean we’re talking about things like (2) ____________ warming. I can’t do anything about it. Yes, you can! You can start by (3) ____________ energy for example. A few simple tricks and you can make a difference. Like what? Like not using (4) ____________ bags? Is that going to save the world? No, but at least you won’t help destroy it. Use (5) ____________ paper and you can save lots of trees, by yourself. I suppose so, but I can’t (6) ____________ whole forests by myself! If everyone thought that way we’d have no ozone (7) ____________ left. We have to start somewhere, don’t we? OK, I’ll come along. What time is it?

Our Future

English in Context

Underline the correct words to complete this newspaper report.

Complete the interview with the words in the box. greenhouse temperature denied volcanoes climate scientists

Mayor Green praises energy campaign A new energy saving campaign which (1) started / was started by children in the city’s schools last year (2) praised / was praised yesterday by Mayor Laura Green. ‘Over 20 new bicycle lanes (3) have built / have been built since the start of the campaign,’ said Mayor Green. ‘Exhaust fumes (4) have been reduced / have reduced by 10%. New measures (5) will be taken / will be took in the next few weeks: hundreds of new trees (6) is being planted / are being planted and new undergrounds car parks (7) are being built / have built. And a new children’s playground will (8) be completed / have completed by the end of the year.’

2 Now complete these comments from readers with the comparative form of the adverbs in the box. well

slowly

seriously

hard

quickly

carefully

1 ‘We must act ____________ more quickly to solve these problems.’ 2 ‘We need to take environmental problems ____________ .’ 3 ‘I think we need to think ____________ about how we can reduce pollution.’ 4 ‘We must try ____________ to keep our streets clean’. 5 ‘Shops should not sell plastic bags. Paper bags are ____________ .’ 6 ‘If we drive ____________ we will use less petrol.’

Complete the dialogue with words from Unit 9. The first letter is given. umes , Mum? Thomas What are exhaust (1) f______ Mum Those fumes caused by cars. Thomas Are wind and solar (2) p___________ better? Mum Yes, because they are cleaner. Thomas Why don’t you use your car anymore? Mum Because driving makes air (3) p____________ worse and we (4) s____________ energy when we cycle. Thomas Well, I remember to (5) s____________ off the lights and the stereo when I go to bed. Mum That’s good and we’ve stopped using (6) p____________ bags and we don’t (7) t____________ away jars and paper bags. Thomas So I can tell the teacher that we (8) r____________ . She’ll be pleased.

Interviewer Is climate change really a problem? temperature Ecologist Oh, yes, the Earth’s (1) ___________ is definitely rising. Interviewer So, is there evidence for (2) ____________ change? Ecologist Yes, of course. Evidence has been collected by (3) ____________ in universities all over the world. Interviewer But climate change has been (4) ____________ by some scientists, right? Ecologist That’s true, but we know that (5) ____________ gases are being caused by our actions. Interviewer Nonetheless some people say this has been caused by natural phenomena, like (6) ____________ .

Now complete the rest of the interview by putting the letters into the correct order. Ecologist

True, but a lot of greenhouse gases are caused by (1) texshua ________ exhaust fumes, we know that. Interviewer Are you (2) micopistti ____________ about the future? Ecologist Well, if we don’t act soon, there will be serious consequences. Sea levels will rise and there will be (3) fsldoo ____________ in some parts of the world and (4) dtrhogu ____________ in others where there won’t be enough water. Interviewer What can young people do to help? Ecologist They can buy (5) rdeeclyc ____________ products, products made from things that have already been used. They can make sure all electrical equipment has been (6) sdweihtc ____________ off when it isn’t being used! It’s easy!

Read Anna’s email and think of six tips you would give her.

Sum up! 9

P Complete the dialogue with the correct alternative a, b or c.

Hi, Ute! I’m writing a project at school on the environment and I know a lot of things have been done in Germany to solve the problem. I’ve got to make a poster – can you send me some tips with any nice photos you’ve got to include in my poster? Love, Anna

Now read Ute’s reply and underline the correct words.

Hi, Anna! Good to hear from you. Here are some of the things we put in our leaflet for schoolchildren on How to Save Our Planet. You (1) should / shouldn’t throw away old newspapers and magazines. You (2) should / shouldn’t always recycle them. (3) It’s / It isn’t a good idea to collect all empty bottles and put them in the recycle bin. With shopping, the (4) best thing / worst thing to do is use plastic bags. (5) Use / Don’t use plastic bags, but bags made of cloth or even paper bags, which are easier to recycle. (6) Try not to / Try to have a bath – too much water is wasted when you do that, (7) don’t try / try always to have a quick shower. Finally, why (8) don’t you / don’t form a green group with your friends? You could try and plant trees in your area or organise groups to collect litter. I hope that’s useful. Love, Ute

8 Underline and correct the mistakes in these sentences.

1 There is a hole in the ozone zone. layer 2 Energy nuclear is an alternative. 3 Global heating is a reality. 4 I always use transport public. 5 Bags of plastic are not ecological. 6 You can spend a lot of water by having a shower instead of a bath. 7 Can you turn away the radio, please? I’m on the phone. 8 Planting trees is a good way to control climate gases.

Beth Paul Beth Paul

Beth Paul Beth Paul Beth

1 a 2 a 3 a 4 a 5 a 6 a 7 a 8 a

So, Paul, are you (1) ________ seriously thinking of selling your car? Oh, yes. I’ve decided I can get around town (2) ____________ on a bike. Really? Yes, or just walk. Anyway, I drive very (3) ____________ , I’ve had a couple of accidents. Well, why don’t you just drive (4) ____________ ? You can’t sell your car! No, I’ve decided I can live (5) ____________ without a car. And (6) ____________ is safer too! You’re right, and buses cause less (7) ____________ than cars. Yes, the only thing is I hate waiting for buses. Anyway public transport is (8) ____________ than it used to be. Right, let’s go and get you a bike then. There’s a great shop in my area.

slowly b seriously c more quickly b more quick c good b badly c more b more c carelessly careful better b good c public transport b energy c pollution b noisy c cheap b more expensive c

sadly more quicker well more carefully best petrol warming valuable

Translate!

10 Translate the following sentences into your own language.

1 You have to work harder if you want to pass the exams. 2 Public transport is slow and expensive. 3 Cars have worsened pollution. 4 More and more people will use solar power. 5 Global warming is a real problem. 6 We use recycled paper. 7 You should drive more carefully. 8 Have you turned off the TV?

Our Future

Vocabulary Builder

Qualifying phenomena: adjective forms

When we want to explain how a phenomenon is changing, we can use an adjective that derives from a verb in the -ing form or its Past participle. Complete the explanation and notice the difference in meaning: – when we use ______ we are talking about a change that is taking place; – when we use ______ the change has already taken place.

1 Match these adjectives to their meaning. Some are synonyms:

1 falling 2 growing 3 increasing 4 worsening 5 rising 6 improved 7 reduced

a going down at this moment b getting poorer in quality at this moment c fewer, less (change already happened) d better (change already happened) e going up at this moment

2 Complete the sentences using the adjectives in exercise 1. More than one may be possible. 1 The government is sure that ________________ rising / growing / __________ increasing employment is a sign that job policies are working well at the moment. 2 An ____________ amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is worrying scientists. 3 We think that ____________ conditions have helped employees work better. 4 Because of ____________ costs, we have to put up the price of our services. 5 A ____________ number of protesters is worrying the local council. 6 When we saw the ____________ number of students last year we decided to advertise the course better. 7 ____________ weather conditions mean that it is advisable to travel only if necessary over the next few days.

Multi-word verbs: using energy A useful way to learn new multi-word verbs is to group them into lexical families.

Put together verbs and prepositions to make multi-word verbs and complete these sentences. More than one may be possible. prepositions

switch turn hold cut run

on off up down out

switch off the computer. 1 If you’ve finished, please __________ 2 To make this work, press and ____________ the button for a few seconds. 3 The remote control isn’t broken, you have to ____________ the TV first! 4 I think we should reduce the amount of electricity we use. It’s easy to ____________ on consumption if we try. 5 Oh no, the battery on my MP4 has ____________ . I need to charge it. 6 Why don’t you ____________ the heating a bit? It’s too hot in here. 7 Can you ____________ the TV? I can’t hear the news. 8 If you’re cleaning your teeth, ____________ the tap and don’t leave the water running.

False friends and easily confused terms When you are learning new words and expressions that refer to a particular lexical family, pay special attention to those that can be easily confused, so as to avoid ambiguity or mistakes and to expand your vocabulary.

Complete the sentences with the words in the

box. Use a dictionary to help you. ingenious organic reclaim ingenuous factory campaign

verbs

1 He had an absolutely __________ ingenious idea to solve the problem but was so ____________ that he explained it to some people who stole the idea. 2 We’re thinking of starting a local ____________ to try and save a part of our countryside. 3 In the past people worked really hard to ____________ that bit of marsh land, but now they just complain about the money the council spends taking care of it! 4 When my uncle moved away from his job on a farm in the hills and took a job in a car ____________ he was happy about the hours but not about the noise. 5 ____________ food is more expensive, but it’s definitely better for your health.

Skills Reading

1 Read Leila’s essay for her environment studies course. What did Leila take for the local children? Try to respect the local customs and culture We’ve been asked to write about an environmental subject that interests us, so, since I’ve just come back from a holiday in Gambia with my parents, I have decided to write about ecotourism. A lot of tourist destinations are being damaged or spoilt by tourism, so we all need to travel more responsibly and become ecotravellers. Firstly, why don’t you try to learn something about the customs and culture of the country you are visiting, so that you can get the most out of your trip? For example, try to learn a few words of the language such as ‘please’ and ‘thank you’ so that you can be polite. Communicating in a foreign language is fun and is usually appreciated by locals. In Gambia people speak very good English, because it was once a British colony, but while I was there I learnt to use the Islamic greeting Salam Aleikum, which means ‘peace be with you’. Moreover, Gambia is a Muslim country so you need to dress appropriately. Don’t wear beach clothes on the streets, for example. Secondly, some third world countries suffer from food and water shortages, so you should be aware of this. Don’t be wasteful of resources. There wasn’t a shortage in our hotel, but a lot of local people are poor and live in homes without running water or electricity. You should also respect the local environment. Don’t take away objects you find, such as plants or stones and don’t leave litter behind! Finally, when you buy souvenirs to take home, the best thing to do is to buy locally made things to support the local economy. We bought some sculptures by local artists. And if you travel to a developing country you could take things which they don’t have. We took pens and pencils and toys for local children. Visiting other countries is exciting, but we should prepare ourselves better before travelling. Be an ecotourist and be responsible.

2 P Choose the correct answer a, b or c. 1 We should become ecotourists a so we can learn about the environment. b to protect the places we are visiting. c to learn about other countries. 2 In Gambia Leila a learnt African dialect. b spoke French. c spoke in English. 3 In Gambia you should a be careful about how you dress. b eat local food. c wear local clothes. 4 On holiday you a should pick plants and flowers. b shouldn’t pick plants and flowers. c should buy stones and plants. 5 In Gambia a they don’t have problems with water. b all houses have water and electricity. c not all houses have water or electricity.

Writing 3

Read Leila’s essay again and make a check list of five Do’s and Don’ts for travellers who want to be ecotourists. Use should / shouldn’t / try to / try not to.

Listening

4 10 P Listen to Leila talking about her trip to Gambia and write T (true) or F (false).

1 Leila’s dad booked the hotel through a travel agent. F 2 Only people from the US worked in the hotel. ___ 3 You can have clothes made in Gambia. ___ 4 You shouldn’t touch the animals. ___ 5 Leila saw crocodiles and monkeys. ___ 6 They didn’t go to the beach. ___

Role Models Focus on Grammar

Third conditional Structure

Example

if + Past perfect main clause: would have + Past participle (past conditional)

If I hadn’t met him, I would have been a different person.

• We use the third conditional to refer to a past situation that cannot be changed. The hypothesis cannot be realised; it is something like wishful thinking. If Helen had been in town yesterday, I would have invited her to my birthday party. (it’s an impossible situation because Helen was not in town yesterday) If you hadn’t been so reckless, we wouldn’t have had this accident! (I wish you hadn’t been, but you were reckless and so we had an accident)

wish • We use the verb to wish with the meaning ‘to desire’, ‘to hope’ or ‘to want strongly’. • We can use wish followed by: – the Past simple. I wish I were good at languages. – would + base form of verb. I wish you would leave me alone! – the Past perfect. I wish I hadn’t spent so much on Christmas gifts.

! When the verb to wish is used in the structure I wish I + to be we can use either I were or I was. I wish I weren’t so shy. (formal) I wish I wasn’t so shy. (informal) • We use wish to express: – a desire for something that is difficult to obtain in the present. It is followed by a verb in the Past simple. I haven’t got much time; I wish I had more. – a regret for something that didn’t happen in the past. It is followed by a verb in the Past perfect. I wish you hadn’t seen anything. – a desire that depends on someone else. It is followed by would + base form of the verb. I wish you would stop crying. • We use the verb to wish also in the sense of hoping for something good for others. I wish you a Merry Christmas.

10 My Glossary Heroes anonymous courage famous honest leader passion prize

_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________

Love story engagement farewell love at first sight to fall in love with to split up ring wedding

_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________

History battle change emperor empire globalisation to defeat

_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________

Collocations to have a good time to have a trip to make a move to save time to take care of

_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________

to to to to

take part in take place walk a long way waste time

_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________

Other... nouns birth character drama environment fault fighter guitarist play protest romance language socks

_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________

adjectives blind fictional glad grateful lazy sleepy straight strict

_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________

verbs to beat to borrow

_______________ _______________

to bring up to carry on to communicate to crash to destroy to drop out to find out to get over to give in to go on to improve to injure to keep up with to last to let sb down to look after to lose to participate in to persuade to pick to plant to protect to regret to think over

_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________

adverbs as a result carefully carelessly preferably though

_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________

Role Models

Grammar and Vocabulary Practice

Grammar

Third conditional 1

Match the sentence halves.

1 If you hadn’t made so many mistakes, 2 They wouldn’t have won the match, 3 If she hadn’t given me such good advice, 4 We wouldn’t have met you, 5 If Josh hadn’t listened to the radio, 6 If we hadn’t missed the bus, 7 Derek wouldn’t have passed his driving test, a I wouldn’t have known what to do. 1 b your teacher wouldn’t have got so angry. c if his dad hadn’t paid for extra lessons. d if they hadn’t trained so hard. e if we hadn’t gone to the party. f he wouldn’t have heard the news. g we would have arrived on time.

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the box. call not run down not save realise ask know not tell

1 We _________________ would have called you if we’d known you wanted to come. 2 I think Jack would have said yes if you ____________ him. 3 If you ____________ me, I’d have never known. 4 If I had spent more time with you, you ____________ I like you. 5 We wouldn’t have been able to buy all these CDs if we ____________ so much money. 6 I would have called you if I ____________ you were sick. 7 The battery ____________ if you hadn’t left the radio on.

Put the words into the correct order and complete the sentences. 1 If we had caught the earlier train, have / on / we / would / time / there / got. we would have got there on time 2 I’d / if / were / you / known / who, I’d have helped you. ____________ 3 I would have gone to the concert, bought / if / a ticket / I’d. ____________ 4 she / more / if / money / saved / had, she could have bought a new coat. ____________ 5 If you hadn’t touched the hot cooker, have / you / burnt / wouldn’t / got. ____________ 6 each other / we / helped / if / hadn’t, we wouldn’t have managed to solve the problem. ____________ 7 If they had given us a pay rise, we / strike / have / on / wouldn’t / gone. ____________

wish 5 Look at the pictures and write sentences with the verb to wish and the words in brackets.

1 He wishes he could dance tango. (can)

2 ____________________ ______________ (cool)

3 ____________________ ____________ (holiday)

4 ____________________ ____________ (money)

5 ____________________ _______________ (shy)

6 ____________________ ___________ (Monday)

Write a logical deduction for these sentences.

1 I told you my secret. You told Helen. Helen wouldn’t have known my secret if you hadn’t told her. 2 I didn’t find a nice house. I didn’t move there. _________________________________________ 3 He was really keen. He got into drama school. _________________________________________ 4 We didn’t hurry. We missed the last bus home. _________________________________________ 5 You worked slowly. You finished late. _________________________________________ 6 She ran on the ice. She fell and hurt herself. _________________________________________

Write what the person wishes in each situation. 1 I didn’t pay any attention to the teacher and so I got a really bad mark in my final test. I wish I had paid more attention to the teacher. 2 I’m really tired today because I stayed out late last night. 3 I saw a good book and didn’t buy it, and then when I went back it was sold. 4 This party is so boring. Why didn’t I invite Pete to come with me? 5 We’ve been walking for an hour and we still haven’t arrived. It would have been better to take a bus. 6 That pizza was great, but I ate too much of it and now I feel sick. 7 I went to visit Martha when she had the flu and now I have it. 8 This is too difficult, I was silly not to ask for help. 9 It’s absolutely freezing and I’ve only got this cardigan with me.

Time expressions 8 Complete the sentences with the expressions in the box. There is one extra expression. time to last time next time time passing good time spend time time flies take a long time waste time

1 Don’t you think it’s _______ time to go? It’s getting late. 2 ____________ when you’re having fun! 3 With any luck this is the ____________ I’ll have to take this train. I have a car now. 4 I don’t think it’ll ____________ to get there, maybe half an hour, not more. 5 I’d like to ____________ with my family next weekend, I don’t see them very much. 6 I really don’t like to ____________ waiting, so please be punctual. 7 Please be more careful ____________ and don’t break anything else. 8 We didn’t notice ____________ and suddenly it was dark and we had to go indoors.

9 Complete the mini dialogues with the appropriate words.

Vocabulary Phrasal verbs 7 Complete the sentences with a verb or preposition. 1 I’m really enjoying my judo class, I’d like to ______ carry on doing it next year. 2 The course is really difficult, I can’t keep ____________ with the other students. 3 Oh, I ____________ in, I’ll stop studying and come to the cinema with you. 4 I’ll do extra homework to ____________ up for the class I missed yesterday. 5 You have to go to the concert, if you ____________ Jess down now she’ll be furious. 6 I’m not sure I want to start that course, but I’ll ____________ it over. 7 Why has Paul dropped ____________ of the football team?

spends a lot of time chatting on 1 A Charlie _______ Facebook. B I think social networks are a real ____________ of time. I prefer reading or seeing my friends face to face. 2 A We had a ____________ time in Berlin. B Can I come with you ____________ time you go? 3 A These sentences are really difficult. It ____________ me a long time to translate them. B You ____________ time, if you used a dictionary. 4 A Time ____________ when you’re enjoying yourself! B Yes, unfortunately, it’s time ____________ go.

Role Models

English in Context

Complete Nina’s story with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

Complete the conversation with the correct form of the verbs in the box. carry on drop out give in let down think over keep up with

Felix Jenny Felix Jenny

A day I wish I could forget I was working in a Tex Mex restaurant and I hated my job. I was desperate to get a job as an actress. Well, one day, I got a phone call for an audition. It was for the lead role: Cleopatra, in Antony and Cleopatra. The interview was at 8 at the Theatre Royal. I was so nervous, I didn’t go to bed until 1 and I couldn’t sleep. I didn’t hear the alarm had slept (sleep) clock and overslept. If I (1) __________ better, I wouldn’t have overslept. When I got on the bus I realised I’d forgotten my bus pass and I had to queue for ten minutes for a ticket. If I (2) ____________ (not forget) my bus pass, I (3) ____________ (not waste) time. I was so anxious, I missed my stop. If I hadn’t been so anxious, I (4) ____________ (not miss) my stop. So I had to run all the way to the theatre and I was late. If I (5) ____________ (not miss) my stop, I wouldn’t have been late for my audition. When I got to the theatre I was really nervous. I did a terrible audition and I didn’t get the part. If I hadn’t been so nervous, I (6) ____________ (do) a better audition and I (7) ____________ (get) the part. If I (8) ____________ (get) the part, I wouldn’t have had to go back to my job at Tex Mex restaurant!

Complete this list of Nina’s regrets.

1 I went to bed late. I wish I hadn’t gone to bed late. 2 I didn’t hear the alarm clock. _________________________________________ 3 I forgot my bus pass. _________________________________________ 4 I was late for the audition. _________________________________________ 5 I was nervous. _________________________________________ 6 I didn’t get the part. _________________________________________

When did you start playing the piano? I started lessons when I was only five. Why don’t you play anymore? drop out of lessons when I had to (1) ________ I was sixteen because I had to study for my O levels. Felix That’s a pity. Are you sorry you didn’t (2) ____________ ? Jenny Yes, and I felt I had (3) ____________ my music teacher, she was really disappointed when I stopped. Felix Why don’t you start again now? You could come to lessons with me. This way you would (4) ____________ it. Jenny I don’t think so, I haven’t played for ages. Felix Oh go on, it’ll be fun if we go together. Jenny OK! I (5) ____________ ! I’ll (6) ____________ (it) and let you know. Felix That would be fantastic!

Put the underlined words into the correct order and complete the sentences. 1 A It was lovely to see you. B Yes, it was great. (1) you soon see! See you soon! 2 A Do we have to go Mum? It’s late! B Yes, you’ve got homework to do. a move time we it’s made. ______________________________________ 3 A Bye-bye! B Bye, you see tomorrow. ______________________________________ 4 A What time is it? Are we going? B Yes, to go time it’s us for. ______________________________________ 5 A Have another piece of cake. B Sorry, but I can’t. It’s late, going time I it’s was. ______________________________________ 6 A Are you going? B Yes, I’m sorry. go to time for it’s me. I’ve got to catch the last bus. ______________________________________ 7 A Why don’t you stay? B Sorry, going we it’s were time. We’ve got a long drive. ______________________________________ A OK, you see bye. ______________________________________

Sum up!

5 Underline the correct words to complete the dialogue.

Underline the correct words to complete the chat.

Rona Oh, come on, we’re (1) wasting / having too much time, let’s go faster and get there quicker. Nat Speak for yourself, I like (2) taking / wasting my time to do things. It’s more relaxing. Rona Well, this is the (3) next / last time I take a walk with you! Nat Listen. I’m going as fast as I can, OK? Rona I don’t know why you decided to come speed walking if you can’t keep up (4) for / with me. What’s the point? You should drop (5) in / out if you can’t keep up. Nat Speed walking? I (6) give in / out! I was invited to have a (7) final / good time on an afternoon stroll in the country! Rona Oh no, you’re on the wrong walk! The country stroll left from the supermarket. This is the speed-walking event!

Kate

I wish you (1) could / can have come to the party. Sam I would have come If I (2) didn’t have to go / hadn’t had to go to my aunt’s. Did you have a (3) good time / good weather? Kate Yes, Chris was there with Maria. Sam Maria was with Chris? The (4) first / last time I saw her she said she hated him. Kate When was that? Sam Last week. She said that she didn’t want to (5) waste / pass any more time with him. Kate Well, they (6) spent / wasted the whole time sitting on the sofa just talking to each other. Sam Right. Look, I saw Chris kissing Lena Thomas a couple of weeks ago. Kate Did you tell Maria? Sam No. I wish I (7) have / had now. Kate If you had told her, I’m sure she (8) won’t have / wouldn’t have gone to the party with him. Sam I’m sure she’ll (9) find out / discover somehow. Kate Maybe. Anyway, I have to go now. I have to (10) carry on / bring up with my history essay. Sam OK, see you at school.

6 Complete the phone call with the phrases in the box. I hadn’t picked up the phone if you had cared about me you really don’t give in you had told me earlier I was spending too much time talking on the phone

Maria Chris Maria Chris

Who’s speaking? Hi Maria, it’s me, Chris. I hadn’t picked up the Oh no, I wish (1) ____________________ phone ! _______ Listen, I know you’re mad at me, but I can explain. Maria (2) ____________ , do you? Chris I’m sorry I didn’t show up for our date last Friday, but I had forgotten I’d promised my neighbours I’d look after their dog while they were away. Maria Well, (3) ____________ , you would have called me to tell me about that. Chris But I couldn’t, my parents have taken my mobile away from me for a week. They said (4) ____________ instead of studying for my exams. Maria Well, this changes things. I wish (5) ____________ . Chris Yes, but I’m telling you now! … Hello? Hello??!

Translate!

8 Translate the following sentences into your own language.

1 If Antony hadn’t fallen in love with Cleopatra, the history of the world would have been different. 2 I wish I had met you earlier. 3 I wish I could play a musical instrument. 4 I wish you were here. 5 Next time, I’ll study harder. 6 If I hadn’t had homework to do, I would have gone to the party. 7 If you had got up earlier, you wouldn’t have been late for school. 8 I’d like to stay longer, but it’s time for me to go.

Role Models

Vocabulary Builder

Phrases and compounds with time

3 Now complete the sentences with the verbs in

exercise 2.

In Unit 10 we saw some expressions with time. It is a very common word that is often found in English expressions.

1 Complete the sentences with the expressions

in the box. Use a dictionary to help you. break time lunch time dinner time to time timer record time time’s up

time out time frame

1 The children all love to have a biscuit at ___________ break time . 2 Can you put on the ____________ so the cake doesn’t burn in the oven? 3 What sort of ____________ are we talking about for this project? Three weeks? A month? 4 Can we stop at ____________ and take the afternoon off today? 5 You ran that race in ____________ . No one ever ran it faster. 6 I’d like ____________ you doing this exercise to see how long it takes. 7 Please, stop now, ____________ . You have to finish now. 8 When I get home after work at ____________ I’m usually really hungry. 9 OK everyone, take a break, ____________ !

Word families: verbs of how we feel about the future In Unit 10 we studied the verb to wish, used to talk about something we hope for the future or for wishful thinking about the past.

2 Look at these verbs which talk about our attitude to future events, and use a dictionary to divide them into positive and negative. dream hope dread regret wish be resigned to look forward to be dying to

Positive attitude dream

Negative attitude

dream about going on a fabulous Caribbean 1 I _______ holiday. 2 I ____________ meeting Sam, I really don’t like him at all. 3 I ____________ meet your new boyfriend, I’m so curious about him! 4 I ____________ having to leave so soon, I’d prefer to stay longer. 5 I ____________ going to the concert, I think it’ll be really great. 6 I really ____________ to get into the London Film School, it’s my first choice. 7 I ____________ I could have a cup of coffee, I’m falling asleep. 8 I suppose I ____________ having to do homework during the holidays. I don’t want to, but I know I have to, so I’ll just do it.

Word families and antonyms: a better world 4 Match each verb on the left with its antonym on the right.

1 take care (of) 2 believe (in) 3 listen (to) 4 try (to) 5 struggle 6 protest

fail (to) accept abandon doubt give up ignore

5 Now complete the sentences with the correct pair.

1 A good leader will always _________ take care of his / her abandon them. people and never _________ 2 When someone is speaking you should try to ____________ to them. If you ____________ everyone, you’ll miss some very interesting new ideas. 3 If you believe in something, do your best to make it reality, ____________ your hardest. Perhaps you’ll ____________ , but on the other hand perhaps you’ll manage to make a difference. 4 You need a lot of energy to continue to ____________ . Sometimes people get tired and just ____________ . 5 If you feel that something is unjust, don’t be afraid to ____________ about it. If you just ____________ injustice, nothing will ever change. 6 Sometimes if leaders are very ahead in their thinking, it’s hard to ____________ in their ideas, and much easier to ____________ them.

Skills Reading 1

Read the film plot. Who is Clarence?

I wish I had never been born The Frank Capra movie It’s a Wonderful Life, made in 1946, has become a film classic and is watched by millions of people all over the world at Christmas. It’s a story about how our lives touch other people’s. George Bailey is a kind, generous man who runs The Bailey Building and Loan, a loan company that helps people buy their own homes. At the beginning of the film we see him desperate because his uncle has lost $ 8,000 of investors’ money and he is afraid that he will be arrested. Then, George sees a man throws himself into the river and he saves his life. The man is his guardian angel, Clarence. George desperately shouts ‘I wish I had never been born’ and Clarence grants him his wish and shows him what his life would have been like if he had never been born. At the age of 12, George and his brother Harry are playing on a frozen pond with some friends, Harry falls through a hole in the ice and George saves his life. If George hadn’t been there, he would have drowned. Harry becomes a pilot in the war and shoots down 15 enemy planes, saving hundreds of American soldiers. If he hadn’t lived, the German bombers would have bombed that American ship and the soldiers would have died. When he is a little older, he works part time for Mr Gower, a chemist. One day Mr Gower receives a telegram saying that his son has been killed in the war. He is so upset that he accidentally puts poison in a prescription. Fortunately George sees it and stops him just in time. Clarence shows George that if he hadn’t seen what had happened, Mr Gower would have killed the child and gone to prison. When his father dies, he starts running the family business and helps a lot of working people buy their own homes. If he had refused to do the job, it would have closed down and a lot of people would have lost their homes. Years later, Henry F. Potter, a ruthless businessman, offers George a well-paid job. George is tempted, but he does not accept the job. If he had accepted, he would have earned more money and lived in a more comfortable house. Then George marries Mary, a girl that had been in love with him since they were at school, and Clarence shows him that if he had never been born, Mary would never have married him and his children would never have been born. The film ends happily, George wishes he could live again and Clarence grants him his wish. The whole town helps him and he realises he is a lucky man.

2 Answer the questions.

1 How many people watch It’s a Wonderful Life every Christmas? 2 Who is the man who throws himself into the river? 3 What was Harry doing when he fell in the ice? 4 What job did Harry have in the war? 5 Who is Mr Gower? 6 Why was Mr Gower upset? 7 What would have happened if George had accepted Potter’s offer? 8 Who helps George?

Writing 3

Listening 4

11 Listen and underline the correct word to complete the sentences.

1 Tony / Dave isn’t looking forward to going home. 2 Dave misses his sister / dog. 3 Dave’s parents / gran is looking after Petra. 4 Petra is little / seven years old. 5 Sammy plays the drums / sings. 6 Tony’s friends / cousin influenced him. 7 Dave plays / would like to play the guitar. 8 Tony offers to help him buy a guitar / teach him.

Read the plot again and write five things which would have been different if George had never been born.

Useful expressions Writing Letters objecting to someone’s plans

I am writing to express my concern / disappointment / alarm at hearing... I was extremely alarmed / sorry / distressed to hear about your plans to... As I think you know… May I point out that… I feel I really must object to... I am extremely concerned at the thought that... It must be very clear that... I dread to imagine what damage this will cause. May I respectfully suggest that you... I was wondering if you had considered this alternative. Would it not be possible to... ?

Letters of complaint

I am writing to complain about... I am writing to tell you how disappointed / annoyed I feel about... I was amazed / distressed / horrified to find that... As you must realise, ... I am sure you know / you can imagine / you will appreciate that... It goes without saying that... At the very least, I look forward to receiving...

Letters of recommendation

I am writing to you on behalf of... I have known X for... years. She / He has shown herself / himself to be extremely... X would seem to fit the requirements of this job perfectly. I have no hesitation in recommending X as a...

Letters to the editor

I am writing about the article on... , which appeared (in last night’s paper). I am writing with reference to the article you published (in last month’s issue). I have just read your article on... and I feel I must... You raised some issues which I feel strongly about. At the start of your article, you appear to claim that... I am afraid I totally disagree. I am completely in agreement. I am sure readers will agree with me when I say that...

Sequencing

At first / To start with / In the beginning, ... Then / Next / After that, ... The next thing that happened was ... The next thing I knew was ... Seconds / Minutes later, Late on / Some time later, It wasn’t until much later that... After some time / After what seemed like years, ... Finally / In the end, ... At last, ...

Simultaneous events Meanwhile / In the meantime, While all this was going on, In the middle of all this, ... During all this time, ...

Sudden or unexpected events Suddenly / All of a sudden, ... All at once, ... Out of the blue, ... Without any warning, ... Just when I was least expecting it, ... The next thing I knew was...

Rapid events

As quick as a flash, ... In the wink of an eye, ... In a matter of seconds / minutes, ... In no time at all, ...

Looking back

In retrospect, ... When I think back to what happened then, ...

Introductory comments

I recently visited (the new Leisure Centre) and have prepared the following report for your consideration. Further to my visit to... , I have prepared the following report. The following report relates to my recent visit to...

General comments

On the whole, I found that... Although... , I should point out that... It is a fact that...

Concluding comments

All things considered, I believe that... Taking all these points into consideration, I would recommend... I recommend that we look into the possibility of...

Comparing places or facilities

One of the main differences between X and Y is that… X is completely / entirely / totally different from Y in that… Unlike X, Y is... While / Whereas / Although X is... , Y is... X is a little / slightly / somewhat / a great deal (bigger / more elegant than Y). X is not quite / nearly as (comfortable / expensive / convenient) as Y because... X is virtually / exactly the same as Y when it comes to...

Proposals

As requested, I am submitting the following proposal on... I recommend that we... I propose that we... We should also...

Useful expressions I believe that... We could... It is a fact that, which means that... If we were to, it would... I suggest we… . We would then be able to... I feel strongly that we should... I trust you will give my proposal your full consideration.

Reviews

X has much to recommend it. X is, at heart, a(n) love / spy / adventure story. It is based on a book by... It is set in the countryside / the future. The film has a quality cast. The film was directed by... The film score is enchanting / evocative / scary. The film captures the spirit of... The hero / heroine / villain is... I felt / thought it was… I was impressed by… What struck me most was... What I liked most / didn’t like was... The plot was gripping. The characters were very convincing / very well drawn. On reflection, I think it was... It struck me as being... What I didn’t understand was how... In spite of these few criticisms, I think... I would have no hesitation in recommending…

Expressing and supporting opinions I believe / do not believe that... (because) ... Personally I feel that... Let me explain why. In my opinion, ... Just consider... As I see it, … The reason is... It seems to me that… This is because... I would argue that for the following reasons… I feel very strongly that... I am convinced that... I am of the opinion that... I am very much in favour of / against... I am completely opposed to... The reasons why I believe that... are as follows.

Opening phrases

People (sometimes) claim that… but I feel that... It is often said / argued that... However, it seems to me that... It is a fact that... Over the past few months / years, it seems that… Recently, we have all become concerned that… Nowadays, we are all realising that... In the past, people used to…, but now... These days, it seems that…

Making statements

It is clear that... On the whole, it appears / seems that... We must take into account the fact that... It goes without saying that... It is important to remember that...

Explaining / Expanding ideas and giving examples This means that... This is largely due to... For example / For instance, ... In other words, ... Take, for example, the situation in...

Listing arguments

Firstly / In the first place / To begin with, … Secondly / A second area to consider is… Another point to remember is... Finally, ... In conclusion, … Last but not least, ...

Evaluating ideas, dismissing contrary arguments

I think it is true that... I totally disagree / agree with the point that… It is questionable whether… I am sure / I doubt whether… It is true that... On the other hand, ... While nobody can deny that... , I would like to point out that… I agree that… However, ... Although it is true that, we must remember that... It could be argued that… However, I would like to point out that... Despite all the arguments, I still feel that... Notwithstanding the claim that... , I would argue that… It may be true that... , but all too often... In no way can I agree that... Surely it is completely unacceptable that...

Persuading

I would urge you to consider… I am sure you will agree that… Surely you must agree that… I would urge you very strongly to... When you hear the arguments, I am sure you will agree that...

Evaluating

I was extremely impressed by… I was rather disappointed by… The problem could easily be solved if... I would like to praise the... Another area for complaint is… My overall impression was that… I am sure that visitors / readers / holidaymakers will thoroughly enjoy... While some people will love... , others may feel less happy. A major problem is that... I was less happy with...

Useful expressions Making recommendations

I recommend that we... I propose that we... We should also... I believe that we should... We could... If we were to… , we could... I suggest we… We would then be able to...

Summarising

All in all, I think that... To sum up, I believe that... In conclusion, the facts suggest that...

Describing characters / personalities He tends to be... She can be... He is inclined to be... She appears / seems to be...

Hobbies and interests He is crazy about... -ing. She loves... -ing. His greatest love is... What she loves most in life is... He spends all his time... -ing.

Speaking Giving personal information

I’m speaking English for my own satisfaction / my job / in order to improve my employment prospects. I always loved (the sea). I’d love to visit places untouched by man. However, there’s no place like home. That’s a big question! I’m keen on... I haven’t given it much thought until now.

Describing pictures

What strikes me about the first picture is the fact that... This picture reminds me of... Judging from the photograph, the children... The man appears to be... From what we can see here, he must... There are many similarities... Both pictures depict... Both pictures are quite similar in that they show... When you give it a closer look it reveals... The first picture... whereas the other picture... Another important difference is... Picture... doesn’t show... as clearly as... Picture... attempts to... but I think picture... does this more effectively... All the pictures are interesting, but... gives a stronger idea of... It’s difficult to tell from a photograph but this picture could have been taken in... I might be wrong, but I’d say that this picture... I would imagine / guess that this picture comes from... Picture... is by far the best to show because... To me, picture... is essential for this kind of publication. I’m surprised there is no picture showing... A picture of... would get the message across more effectively. The name for this escapes me at present, but it’s for / it’s like...

Sustaining an interaction

It’s my belief... For my part... As I see it... As I was saying... I forgot to mention... I’m of the opinion that... To my mind... To my way of thinking... I am convinced that... I am inclined to believe that... Don’t get me wrong but shouldn’t we... ? Judging by... they must be... ... is a separate issue. Moving on to... I couldn’t agree more. I agree up to a point. I think I see what you mean, but... I’m in two minds about it. / I’m ambivalent about... That’s true in a way, I suppose, but... I don’t feel convinced... That’s one way of looking at it. On the other hand... It brings us to the question / idea / problem of ... Perhaps we should put... first? What do you think? A strong point in favour of... is that... What do you think should go next? Are you happy with this order then? Do you go along with that?

Expressing and justifying opinions, agreeing and / or disagreeing

Yes, I completely agree. Yes, that’s what I think too. Do you really think so? That’s an interesting idea, but… I’m not sure about that. Just following from what X was saying, I also feel... While generally agreeing with X, I must say that... Adding to what X has just said, I think... I can sympathise with what X said but... One thing X didn’t mention is... Perhaps it should be also emphasised that ... / it should be pointed out that...

Irregular verbs Base form

Past simple

Past participle

It meansâ&#x20AC;Ś

Base form

Past simple

Past participle

It meansâ&#x20AC;Ś

was/were

been

____________

lend

lent

____________

become

became

become

____________

let

____________

begin

began

begun

____________

lie

lay

lain

____________

bet

____________

light

lit

____________

bite

bit

bitten

____________

lose

lost

____________

blow

blew

blown

____________

make

made

____________

break

broke

broken

____________

mean

meant

____________

bring

brought

____________

meet

met

____________

build

built

____________

pay

paid

____________

burn

burnt/burned

____________

put

____________

buy

bought

____________

read

read /red/

____________

catch

caught

____________

ride

rode

ridden

____________

choose

chose

chosen

____________

ring

rang

rung

____________

come

came

come

____________

run

ran

run

____________

cost

____________

say

said

____________

cut

____________

see

saw

seen

____________

deal

dealt

____________

sell

sold

____________

dig

dug

____________

send

sent

____________

did

done

____________

set

____________

draw

drew

drawn

____________

shoot

shot

____________

dream

dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreamed

____________

show

showed

shown

____________

drink

drank

drunk

____________

sing

sang

sung

____________

drive

drove

driven

____________

sink

sank

sunk

____________

eat

ate

eaten

____________

sit

sat

____________

fall

fell

fallen

____________

sleep

slept

____________

feed

fed

____________

smell

smelt/smelled

____________

feel

felt

____________

speak

spoke

spoken

____________

fight

fought

____________

spell

spelt

____________

find

found

____________

spend

spent

____________

fly

flew

flown

____________

spill

spilt

____________

forget

forgot

forgotten

____________

stand

stood

____________

get

got

____________

steal

stole

stolen

____________

give

gave

given

____________

stick

stuck

____________

went

been/gone

____________

sweep

swept

____________

grow

grew

grown

____________

swim

swam

swum

____________

hang

hung

____________

take

took

taken

____________

have

had

____________

teach

taught

____________

hear

heard

____________

tear

tore

torn

____________

hide

hid

hidden

____________

tell

told

____________

hit

____________

think

thought

____________

hold

held

____________

throw

threw

thrown

____________

hurt

____________

understand

understood

____________

keep

kept

____________

wake

woke

woken

____________

know

knew

known

____________

wear

wore

worn

____________

learn

learnt/learned

____________

win

won

____________

leave

left

____________

write

wrote

written

____________

Phrasal verbs list Phrasal verb

Meaning

Example

break down

stop working or functioning

The telephone system broke down during the storm.

break in / into

enter a building by force

A gang of robbers broke into the golf club.

break out

a) start suddenly b) escape

A fire broke out while we were having lunch. The prisoner broke out of prison two days ago.

break up

bring a relationship to an end

They broke up in 1999 and then she married Luke.

bring back

make somebody remember something

That song brought back a very painful day.

bring out

produce or publish something

The writer brought out his second novel.

bring up

care for and educate a child

Caroline brought up four children by herself.

call off

cancel

The match was called off because of heavy rain.

carry on

continue

Even though he was tired, he carried on studying.

come across

meet somebody by chance

I came across him while I was touring the USA.

come round / around

visit somebody for a short time

You really must come round and see us next year.

come up with

find a solution or have a brilliant idea

She came up with a great idea for the new ad.

do without

succeed in living without something

I can’t understand how they can do without TV!

drop out

quit school or a course

She dropped out of university after only a year.

fall out

quarrel with somebody

Lisa and Dave have fallen out again!

fill in

complete a form by writing information

To make an order fill in this form.

get off

a) leave a train, bus, plane b) start a journey

Can you tell me where I have to get off? I think it’s better to get off early in the morning.

get on / along with

like each other and have a good relation

She gets on very well with her sister.

get over

overcome a problem and start feeling well

I’m sure she will get over the shock she had.

get through to

contact somebody by telephone

I tried many times, but I couldn’t get through to him.

give in

admit you have been defeated

The police forced the rebels to give in.

give out

distribute

Why are you giving out these leaflets?

give up

stop doing or having something

You should give up working and relax a bit more.

go off

a) explode b) become bad (about food)

The bomb went off in the market square. What a terrible smell! The milk must have gone off.

go on

continue

I don’t want to go on talking about the same things!

go out

stop burning

Suddenly the lights went out.

go out with

have a romantic relationship

Cindy is going out with an Italian boy.

go over

revise or examine carefully

Go over the test before you hand it in.

hold on

wait to talk to somebody (on the phone)

Can you hold on? Let me see if Tim is here.

keep away

avoid going near somebody or something

Keep away from the pier! It’s dangerous.

keep in

restrain

Don’t keep your anger in!

keep on

continue

The snow kept on falling for three days.

keep up with

learn about the latest news or events

She always keeps up with the latest fashion trends.

live through

survive after an unpleasant situation

Mr Sword has lived through the Second World War.

look after

take care of

Laurie, can you look after my daughter tomorrow?

Phrasal verbs list Phrasal verb

Meaning

Example

look forward to

wait for something pleasant

I’m looking forward to seeing her again.

look into

examine deeply and carefully

A special committee will look into the matter.

look out

be careful

Look out! A bee is flying around you.

look up

look for information in a reference book

I had to look these words up in the dictionary.

make into

change into something or somebody else

This poem was made into a song after many years.

make off

hurry away to escape

The pickpockets made off on foot.

make out

manage to see or hear clearly

She could make out a person in the darkness.

make up

invent a story

I often make up funny stories for my niece.

make up with

become friendly again after an argument

Don’t worry, he’ll make up with her by tonight.

pick up

go and collect someone in a car

I’ll pick you up at 8 p.m., OK?

put off

postpone

The match will be put off if it rains.

put on

a) gain (usually weight) b) wear clothes

I think he has put on about three kilos. It’s very cold. Why don’t you put your coat on?

put out

stop something from burning

Excuse me, can you put your cigarette out, please?

put through

connect by telephone

Could you put me through to the headmaster, please?

put up

let somebody stay at your home

I’m sorry, but I can’t put you up for the night.

run across / into

meet somebody by chance

I’ve just run across Dave! He’s here for a few days.

run out of

finish a supply of something

The car stopped because it had run out of fuel.

run over

a) knock somebody down (with a vehicle) b) read something quickly

An old lady was run over by a truck yesterday. You had better run over your notes again.

set off

begin a journey

What time are you going to set off for Madrid?

talk over

discuss a problem

You should talk your problem over with an expert.

take after

look like a member of your family

Your niece really takes after you.

take down

write something down

The secretary quickly took the message down.

take off

leave the ground and fly (plane)

The plane couldn’t take off due to thick fog.

take up

start doing something regularly

He decided to take up playing the guitar.

throw out / away

get rid of something you no longer need

Why don’t you throw out / away that old sweater?

try on

put on clothes to see how they fit

Try these trousers on before buying them.

turn down

refuse an offer or a proposal

I think he’ll turn your invitation down.

turn down / up

reduce / increase (volume or heating)

Can you turn the volume of the radio down / up?

turn on / off

start / stop a machine (pressing a button)

He didn’t want to turn the TV on / off.

turn out

a) happen in a particular way b) prove to be

The party turned out very well. The book turned out to be really exciting.

turn up

arrive

Your friends haven’t turned up yet.

work out

find a solution or an answer

The President is trying to work out a compromise.

Self-assessment grids – B1 The Council of Europe has published a detailed list of competencies to be achieved at the end of each level from A1 to C2. Here follows the self-assessment grids relative to level B1. These checklists can be used to do a self-assessment (column 1) and to allow other people, for example the teacher, to evaluate the student’s language skills (column 2). As far as skills yet to be achieved (column 3, objectives) it is possible to indicate how important these goals are. Use the following symbols: In columns 1 and 2: ✔ I can do this in normal circumstances. ✔ ✔ I can do this with no difficulty. In column 3: ! This is a goal. !! This is a priority for me. If 80% of the boxes can be marked, then it is reasonable to assume the Level of proficiency has been reached. 1 me 2 my teacher / another 3 my objectives Listening

I can follow clearly articulated speech directed at me in everyday conversation, though I sometimes have to ask for repetition of particular words and phrases. I can generally follow the main points of extended discussion around me, provided speech is clearly articulated in standard dialect. I can listen to a short narrative and form hypotheses about what will happen next. I can understand the main points or radio news bulletins and simpler recorded material on topics of personal interest delivered relatively slowly and clearly. I can catch the main points in TV programmes on familiar topics when the delivery is relatively slow and clear. I can understand simple technical information, such as operating instructions for everyday equipment. Reading I can understand the main points in short newspaper articles about current and familiar topics. I can read columns or interviews in newspapers and magazines in which someone takes a stand on a current topic or event and understand the overall meaning of the text. I can guess the meaning of single unknown words from the context thus deducing the meaning of expression if the topic is familiar. I can skim short texts (for example news summaries) and find relevant facts and information (for example who has done what and where). I can understand the most important information in short simple everyday information brochures. I can understand simple messages and standard letters (for example from businesses, clubs or authorities). In private letters I can understand those parts dealing with events, feelings and wishes well enough to correspond regularly with a pen friend. I can understand the plot of a clearly structured story and recognise what the most important episodes and events are and what is significant about them. Spoken interaction I can start, maintain and close simple face-to-face conversation on topics that are familiar or of personal interest. I can maintain a conversation or discussion but may sometimes be difficult to follow when trying to say exactly what I would like to do.

Self-assessment grids – B1 I can deal with most situations likely to arise when making travel arrangements through an agent or when actually travelling. I can ask for and follow detailed directions. I can express and respond to feelings such as surprise, happiness, sadness, interest and indifference. I can give or seek personal views and opinions in an informal discussion with friends. I can agree and disagree politely. Spoken production

I can narrate a story. I can give detailed accounts of experiences, describing feelings and reactions. I can describe dreams, hopes and ambitions. I can explain and give reasons for my plans, intentions and actions. I can relate the plot of a book or film and describe my reactions. I can paraphrase short written passages orally in a simple fashion, using the original text wording and ordering. Strategies I can repeat back part of what someone has said to confirm that we understand each other. I can ask someone to clarify or elaborate what they have just said. When I can’t think of the word I want, I can use a simple word meaning something similar and invite ‘correction’. Language quality I can keep a conversation going comprehensibly, but have to pause to plan and correct what I am saying – especially when I talk freely for longer periods. I can convey simple information of immediate relevance, getting across which point I feel is most important. I have a sufficient vocabulary to express myself with some circumlocutions on most topics pertinent to my everyday life such as family, hobbies and interests, work, travel, and current events. I can express myself reasonably accurately in familiar, predictable situations. Writing I can write simple connected texts on a range of topics within my field of interest and can express personal views and opinions. I can write simple texts about experiences or events, for example about a trip, for a school newspaper or a club newsletter. I can write personal letters to friends or acquaintances asking for or giving them news and narrating events. I can describe in a personal letter the plot of a film or a book or give an account of a concert. In a letter I can express feelings such as grief, happiness, interest, regret and sympathy. I can reply in written form to advertisements and ask for more complete or specific information about products (for example a car or an academic course). I can convey – via fax, email or a circular – short simple factual information to friends or colleagues or ask for information in such a way. I can write my CV in summary form.

Audioscripts 02 Journalist So Sam, why do you like jogging? Sam Well, I like being fit. I do it to feel good! I’ve always been good at running. I was in the school athletics team when I was at secondary school. It’s perfect for me. I can do it at any time of day and I don’t need special equipment, just my favourite trainers. I like listening to my iPod when I’m doing it too! Journalist So, why did you choose kickboxing, Katy? Katy I guess I decided to do it so that I could learn to defend myself. At first I found it quite difficult. My hands are small so it hurt when I punched the bag. Kicking was difficult too. I had to do a lot of stretching exercises. I’m a lot stronger and faster now! It’s a lot of fun! Journalist So, what about you, Jack. Why do you play basketball? Jack Well, I’ve been playing it since I was six! I’ve always wanted to become like Michael Jordan. He’s my hero. I play for the school. I feel great when I’m on court and when I score a basket, I’m really happy!

03 Harry Well, I think I’d be annoyed. Olivia Yes, me too, I mean we talk about pollution at school all the time, so he should know better. Harry Would you say something? Olivia Probably. I’d probably say ‘hey, you’ve dropped something’ and see what he would do. Harry Funny, I think I’d just get angry and ask him to pick it up. Olivia I don’t think I’d do that. I think it would lead to an argument and I don’t like arguing. Harry Well what would you do if he didn’t pick it up? Olivia Nothing. Well, I suppose I’d pick it up myself and put it in the nearest bin.

04 Maria Tony Maria Tony Maria Tony Maria

Is this you in this photo? Yes, look at my hair. It used to be so curly! Look at this one of you kicking the ball. Yes, I used to be really sporty. Were you in the school team? Yes, I was. I used to be pretty good. You were really fit then!

Tony I know. I didn’t use to be so fat! Maria You’re not fat! Tony Well, I used to be a lot thinner. Maria That’s probably because you did more sport. Tony I just haven’t got time now, you know. Maria Yeah, I know what you mean. I used to go swimming twice a week, but I haven’t been for ages.

05 Sam What are you doing? Cathy Oh, I’m just looking at some photos David has posted on his page. Sam That’s a good picture of you. What are you doing? Cathy I’m dancing! Sam Where was it taken? Cathy It was at Jodie’s party on Saturday night. Where were you? Didn’t she invite you? Sam Yes, I was invited. I just didn’t want to go. Cathy Why not? Sam Well, she also invited Eric and I didn’t want to see him. Cathy I know, but you used to be good friends. Sam Yes, but he put that video of me dancing in my pyjamas on Youtube. Cathy Oh come on! You shouldn’t be so serious. It was funny! Sam It wasn’t funny. It was really embarrassing.

06 Journalist What kind of paintings do you like? Katerina I like paintings which are bright and full of colour. I love Impressionist painters. I’ve been to the National Gallery twice. I don’t like modern art. I don’t understand it. I suppose I’m a bit traditional! Journalist What do you like doing when you’re not painting, Katerina? Katerina Well, I like doing the usual kind of things that girls my age do! I love talking to my friends, going shopping and listening to music. Journalist What kind of music do you listen to? Katerina When I’m painting I like listening to music that relaxes me and helps me concentrate, like classical music, but when I’m with my friends we listen to all kinds of music, especially hip hop and soul. I really like Rihanna. Journalist What kind of places do you like to go to with your friends? Katerina We like going to coffee bars where there are nice big comfortable sofas and we can

Audioscripts Journalist Katerina

sit with a cappuccino and talk for hours! What kind of people do you like? I like people who are enthusiastic about things and who like having a good laugh!

07 Journalist Who is your favourite singer? Cameron Well I’ve got a few, but if I had to choose one, I’d say Bill Bond. Journalist Where is he from? Cameron He’s from Ontario, Canada. Journalist What kind of music does he sing? Cameron He sings R&B and hip hop like me! He’s always been my hero. Journalist What’s his most famous song? Cameron Don’t you know? His single ‘Don’t forget me’ was a number one hit for four weeks! Journalist What instruments does he play? Cameron He can play the piano really well, but he only plays it when he’s writing. He writes all his own songs. Journalist Have you got many of his albums? Cameron Are you kidding? I’ve got all ten of them! Journalist Have you seen him in concert? Cameron Seen him? I’ve sung with him! I sang with him on July 4th in New Orleans. It was truly amazing!

08 Journalist So what do you do in your free time, Amy? Amy I haven’t got a lot of free time because I work in a shop at the weekend and I’ve got exams. But when I’m free, I like going for a coffee with my friends or just spending time with my boyfriend, Jimmy. Journalist How about you, Tony? How do you relax? Tony Well, I like playing chess with my friends. I’m in the school chess club. Journalist Do you watch TV? Tony Not much. I like watching sports programmes with my dad, and I sometimes watch cartoons with my little brother on Saturday mornings! Journalist And what do you do in your free time, Marion? Marion Well, I don’t watch TV! I can’t stand game shows or chat shows and that’s all there is. I’m in a theatre club and we’re putting on a play. Journalist Are you acting in it? Marion Yes, I’ve got a big part. I love being on the stage. It’s really exciting! Journalist Thank you all for talking to me.

09 Wyn Were you scared when you stood in front of the police van? Emily No, I didn’t have time to be scared. I was just determined to stop the vandals. Wyn What do you think of the violence? Emily A lot of people here are irresponsible, they are just vandals that want to burn and break things. Wyn Where are you from? Emily I’m from Oxford, but there are people here from all over the UK. Wyn How did you come here today? Emily We came by train. Our teachers are here too. Wyn Are you optimistic? Emily Well, I’m hopeful. There are thousands of us here today, so they should realise that we are angry and concerned about the future.

10 Journalist What about the hotel? Leila We stayed in a small hotel owned by local people. The people working in the hotel were from the local village and the produce, the fruit and vegetables were from Gambia too. Journalist So, how did you hear about it? Leila My dad found it on the Internet. It has a good reputation for ecotourism. The people working there are really nice, very friendly. Journalist What other things can you buy? Leila Well my uncle bought a painting and the local tailors are excellent. My dad had a couple of shirts made. Journalist So, what other advice would you give to anyone visiting Gambia, Leila? Leila Well, you should never touch the animals not to put yourself in danger. We saw lots of crocodiles and monkeys in Gambia, but we kept a safe distance! Journalist Did you go to the beach? Leila Oh yes. Our hotel had a private beach, which was beautiful; the sea was really blue.

11 Dave Hi Tony! It’s the end of summer camp on Friday. Are you looking forward to going home? Tony No, I’m not. I wish it wasn’t over, I wish we could stay a bit longer.

Audioscripts Dave Really? I’ve had a good time, but I want to go home now. I miss my dog, Petra. Tony Oh, right. Are your parents looking after her? Dave Well, they work a lot so they’re not home much. My gran’s taking care of her. Tony I see, have you had her a long time? Dave My mum and dad bought her for me when I was little. She’s seven now. Wow, that’s a great guitar Tony! Are you going to carry on playing with the band when you get home? Tony I hope so, I’ve really enjoyed it. Sammy is a great singer and Jack’s brilliant on the drums. Dave And you’re a good guitarist. When did you start playing the guitar? Tony I started two years ago. I wouldn’t have started if it wasn’t for my cousin, Oliver. He’s got two electric guitars, and he plays in a band. He could see that I was interested so he suggested I take it up. Anyway what about you, Dave? Do you play anything? Dave Well, no, I don’t. I’d love to play the guitar, like you do. Do you think it’s too late to start? Tony Of course not, you’re only 15. Why don’t you take it up? I’ll help you choose one, if you want. Dave Would you really? That would be brilliant, Tony! Tony No problem. Give me a call and we can meet up some time. Here’s my mobile number 078445.

Notes

Flash on English Intermediate Workbook

Acknowledgements

Editorial coordination: Simona Franzoni Editorial department: Pauline Carr, Serena Polverino, Linda Pergolini Art Director: Marco Mercatali Page design: Sergio Elisei Picture Editor: Giorgia D’Angelo Production Manager: Francesco Capitano Page layout: Federico Borsella, Sara Blasigh

Illustrated by Moreno Chiacchiera

Cover Cover design: Paola Lorenzetti Photo: Giuseppe Aquili (left), Shutterstock © 2013 ELI S.r.l P.O. Box 6 62019 Recanati Italy Tel. +39 071 750701 Fax +39 071 977851 info@elionline.com www.elionline.com First reprint 2014

The Publisher would like to give a special thanks to Martha Huber for her precious contribution to this project. The Publisher would also like to thank all the teachers and other individuals who contributed to the development and the improvement of the course: Ester Canaletti, Pauline Carr, Carolina Donzelli, José Guadalupe Lerma CECyT 6 IPN, Guillermina Guzmán CECyT 7 IPN, Jennie Humphries, Antonio Jiménez CECyT 8 IPN, Elia Jiménez CECyT 9 IPN, Rosa Elba Jiménez CECyT 13 IPN, Silvia Minardi, Catrin E. Morris, Magdalena Olea CECyT 1 IPN, Linda Quintana CECyT 5 IPN, Humberto Riva CECyT 10 IPN, Zenaida Romero CECyT 1 IPN, Rosa María Ruiz CECyT 8 IPN, Elizabeth Ruvalcaba CECyT 3 IPN, Alison Smith, Lisa Suett, Paola Tite. No unauthorised photocopying All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of ELI. This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover than that in which it is published and without a similar condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. While every effort has been made to trace all the copyright holders, if any have been inadvertently overlooked the publisher will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.

Printed in Italy by Tecnostampa – Recanati 13.83.159.1 ISBN 978-88-563-1547-3

Workbook photo acknowledgement ELI Archive: pp. 19, 27, 59, 83. Gettyimages: p. 33. International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC): p. 15. Marka: p. 72. Olycom: p. 64. Photos: p. 49. Shutterstock: pp. 7, 11, 17, 18, 22, 30, 39, 40, 41, 43, 46, 47, 48, 51, 55, 56, 63, 67, 71, 73, 75, 79, 80.