Contents 1 My Generation
Focus on Grammar Grammar and Vocabulary Practice English in Context Vocabulary Builder Skills
2 I’ll Text You Tonight! Focus on Grammar Grammar and Vocabulary Practice English in Context Vocabulary Builder Skills
3 Freedom
Focus on Grammar Grammar and Vocabulary Practice English in Context Vocabulary Builder Skills
4 Relationships
Focus on Grammar Grammar and Vocabulary Practice English in Context Vocabulary Builder Skills
5 Passions
Focus on Grammar Grammar and Vocabulary Practice English in Context Vocabulary Builder Skills
6 Love Actually
Focus on Grammar Grammar and Vocabulary Practice English in Context Vocabulary Builder Skills
7 Fair Play
Focus on Grammar Grammar and Vocabulary Practice English in Context Vocabulary Builder Skills
8 A Better World
Focus on Grammar Grammar and Vocabulary Practice English in Context Vocabulary Builder Skills
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Popular Legends
Focus on Grammar Grammar and Vocabulary Practice English in Context Vocabulary Builder Skills
10 The Media
Focus on Grammar Grammar and Vocabulary Practice English in Context Vocabulary Builder Skills
11 Images
Focus on Grammar Grammar and Vocabulary Practice English in Context Vocabulary Builder Skills
12 The Food of Love
Focus on Grammar Grammar and Vocabulary Practice English in Context Vocabulary Builder Skills
13 Too Much TV
Focus on Grammar Grammar and Vocabulary Practice English in Context Vocabulary Builder Skills
14 We’ve Got Rights!
Focus on Grammar Grammar and Vocabulary Practice English in Context Vocabulary Builder Skills
15 Our Future
Focus on Grammar Grammar and Vocabulary Practice English in Context Vocabulary Builder Skills
16 Role Models
Focus on Grammar Grammar and Vocabulary Practice English in Context Vocabulary Builder Skills
Useful Expressions: Writing and Speaking Irregular Verbs Phrasal Verbs List Glossary
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My Generation Focus on Grammar
Present simple/Present continuous • La tabella mostra le forme di contrasto più comuni: Present simple
Present continuous
Si usa per parlare di un’attività ripetuta con regolarità. Matt plays basketball every Sunday. Matt gioca a basket ogni domenica.
Si usa per parlare di un’attività che si sta svolgendo in questo momento. Look! Matt is playing basketball with Tom. Guarda! Matt sta giocando a basket con Tom.
Parole chiave always normally
every + day/month/year usually sometimes
often never
at the moment nowadays
today at present
(right) now
• Il Present continuous può essere usato anche con always per indicare un atteggiamento di irritazione nei confronti di fatti che accadono troppo spesso. Confronta queste due frasi: She always sleeps till midday on holiday. Dorme sempre fino a mezzogiorno in vacanza. (abitudine) You lazy thing! You’re always sleeping till late at the weekend! Pigrone! Dormi sempre fino a tardi nei fine settimana! (critica)
Past simple/Past continuous • Nella tabella sono elencate le forme più comuni di contrasto nell’uso dei due tempi verbali: Past simple
Past continuous
Si usa per indicare un’azione al passato successiva ad un’altra azione passata. He went in, switched on the lights and sat down on the sofa in front of TV. Entrò in casa, accese la luce e si sedette sul divano davanti alla TV.
Si usa per indicare due azioni al passato che avvengono contemporaneamente. Sarah was sleeping in her bedroom while her brother was listening to music. Sarah dormiva in camera mentre suo fratello ascoltava la musica.
Si usa per indicare un’azione nuova che accade. The phone suddenly rang. Il telefono è squillato all’improvviso.
Si usa per un’azione in corso di svolgimento nel passato nello stesso momento in cui è accaduto qualcos’altro. While I was having a shower the phone rang. Il telefono è squillato mentre mi facevo la doccia.
Parole chiave first then suddenly
when while as long as
! I verbi che esprimono sentimenti, percezioni e opinioni (stative verbs) non prendono mai la forma progressiva. Con questi verbi si usa sempre il Past simple. That coffee didn’t taste right. I think they put salt in it. Quel caffè aveva uno strano sapore. Credo che ci abbiano messo del sale dentro.
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So … I/Neither … I • Le espressioni so … I/neither … I indicano accordo con quanto appena detto. So … I si usa in riferimento a frasi affermative, mentre neither … I si riferisce a frasi negative. I like pets. So does Martha. Mi piacciono gli animali domestici. Anche a Martha. Neil doesn’t like mosquitoes. Neither do I. A Neil non piacciono le zanzare. Neanche a me.
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• Per queste espressioni si usa il verbo ausiliare nello stesso tempo verbale della frase a cui si riferiscono. I didn’t go out last night. It was too cold. No, neither did I. Non sono uscito ieri sera. Faceva troppo freddo. Infatti, neanche io. Carmen is going to the disco tonight. So am I! Carmen va in discoteca stasera. Anch’io!
WORDLIST Music band to play to tour
gruppo musicale suonare andare in tournée
Mood and personality angry arrabbiato bad cattivo dangerous pericoloso exhausted sfinito lazy pigro sad triste selfish egoista Idioms and expressions Terrific! FF Fantastico! to call sb by name chiamare qualcuno per nome to chat sb up provarci con qualcuno to have a good time divertirsi to pull sb’s leg prendere in giro qualcuno Watch out! Attenzione! Others Nouns break comment crime
pausa commento criminalità
doll farm fashion field game gift heel hut lawyer native party report stereotype stranger teen/teenager truth
bambola fattoria moda campo partita regalo tacco capanna avvocato nativo festa indagine stereotipo sconosciuto adolescente verità
Adjectives awful brilliant curly dreadful fantastic fascinating fair funny huge marvellous straight wrong
tremendo brillante ricci (capelli) terribile fantastico affascinante giusto divertente enorme meraviglioso lisci (capelli) sbagliato
Verbs to apologise to believe to comb to criticise to cry to discover to fight to flirt to go down to go riding to grow up to help to interrupt to knock to last to laugh to pick up to study to waste time to work hard
scusarsi credere pettinare criticare piangere scoprire combattere flirtare diminuire andare a cavallo crescere aiutare interrompere bussare durare ridere accogliere, sollevare studiare perdere tempo lavorare molto
Adverbs actually FF really
a dire il vero davvero
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Grammar and Vocabulary Practice Grammar Present simple/Present continuous 1
Six of the sentences below are incorrect. Identify the mistakes in the verbs and correct them, using the Present simple or Present continuous.
1 Don’t disturb Jackie, she speaks to her teacher ’s speaking on the phone. ____________ 2 When I’m really tired I’m liking to sit down and listen to my favourite CD. ____________ 3 Samira is working on a new project for her film class. ____________ 4 Are people being interested in this subject? ____________ 5 I’m always in a bad mood when I’m waking up in the morning. ____________ 6 ‘Where does Bob go?’ – ‘He’s going to buy some blank DVDs to copy our film.’ ____________ 7 Does it rain? Then let’s take the bus. ____________ 8 I’m not thinking it’s a good idea to buy this dress. ____________ 9 I’m looking for a flat, but at the moment I stay with my aunt. ____________
Past simple/Past continuous 2
Underline the correct verb form in each sentence.
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1 We were making / made the list of guests for party when you called. 2 Did Jim know / Was Jim knowing about the concert on Saturday? 3 I don’t think she liked / was liking the new teacher. 4 They were really kind to us at Lorry’s house when we arrived / were arriving on Friday evening. 5 I thought / was thinking about exactly that problem when you mentioned it! 6 What do you think Christine was doing when we saw / were seeing her? 7 Didn’t Pat call / Wasn’t Pat calling you about the project? 8 I didn’t know / wasn’t knowing you are such a great singer! 9 We didn’t meet / weren’t meeting her parents at the concert.
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Complete the sentences using the words provided and the Past simple or Past continuous. 1 We / talk / to Kathy / when / her brother / arrive. We were talking to Kathy when her brother arrived. 2 you / know / about the new cinema? _________________________________________ 3 Patricia / try on / a new dress when she / break / the zip. _________________________________________ 4 I / not / recognise / you / because you / wear / a hoodie. _________________________________________ 5 What / Charlie / do / when you / interrupt / him? _________________________________________ 6 Ruth / try / to make new friends last year but / it / be / not / easy. _________________________________________ 7 Ralf / tell / the group / about the new film / when / I / get / there. _________________________________________ 8 What / you / do / after / you / hear / the news? _________________________________________
Present simple/Present continuous, Past simple/Past continuous 4
Complete the sentences using the Present simple or continuous, or Past simple or continuous form of the verbs in brackets.
1 Where _____ did Jo ____ go last night? I ___________ didn’t see her at the party. (go, not see) 2 I ____________ ice cream as a child but now I ____________ it. (love, hate) 3 She ____________ to become an actress at that time. (train) 4 I ____________ of calling you when you ____________ me! (think, call) 5 Why ____________ you two ____________ so much? What ____________ the problem? (shout, be) 6 I ____________ this school was frightening when I first ____________ , but now I really ____________ it. (think, arrive, like)
Vocabulary
Absolute adjectives
Phrases with go
Underline the correct adjective in each sentence.
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Put the words below in the correct column. swimming riding a meal jogging a drive dancing shopping a drink sightseeing a coffee
go +
go for +
swimming
6 Complete the message Tammy wrote to her
friend when she came back from her holidays. We had a great time. The sea was fantastic, so we went (1) __________ swimming every morning. We all did different things in the afternoons. There were a lot of things to see, so mum and dad went (2) s___________g, and me and Jose went (3) s___________g! The shops are fantastic! There are great restaurants too, so we often went for a (4) m___________l or a (5) d___________k in the evenings. Jose and I went (6) d___________g one night and we didn’t get home until two in the morning! Jose is a fitness fanatic. She went (7) j___________g the next morning at eight and then woke me up to go for a (8) c___________e!
Expressing agreement 7
Complete the mini dialogues with the correct sentence from the box. Neither did I So do I
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So did I So was I Neither am I
1 A I never saw Star Wars as a child. B Neither did I. A That makes two of us! 2 A I was really confused by that explanation. B _____________ . A Oh good, I’m not the only one! 3 A I’m not too keen on this new CD. B _____________ . A We have the same taste! 4 A I really enjoyed that concert. B _____________ . A Let’s go to another one! 5 A I think Nora’s idea is great. B _____________ . A Let’s tell her!
1 I thought the new medical series on TV last night was absolutely bad / terrible. 2 Her work is absolutely interesting / fascinating. 3 The new coffee shop is quite nice / fantastic, but nothing special. 4 Your present is absolutely pleasant / fantastic, thanks so much! 5 Did you meet Billy’s brother? He’s absolutely good looking / wonderful. 6 I thought the book was a bit boring / dreadful. 7 Jackie has this absolutely pretty / marvellous new dress, lucky her! 8 He’s quite clever / brilliant, but he isn’t a genius.
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Complete the email with words from the box. There are two extra words. party high heels told funny stories laugh fantastic cake birthday absolutely danced presents listened to
Hi Teresa, I thought you’d like to hear about Mike’s (1) _______ party ! It was absolutely (2) ____________ . His parents have a big garden and it was a lovely day, so we (3) ____________ outside to a DJ set for hours. I had my (4) ____________ on and after half an hour I couldn’t walk, so I spent the evening with bare feet! The food was (5) ____________ delicious and there was a huge (6) ____________ decorated to look like a CD. Did you know Mike just made his first CD with his band? We all gave him (7) ____________ . I gave him a CD holder in the shape of a car, but the best one was a new electric guitar from his parents. He switched it on and we all (8) ____________ him play for a while. He has this really funny cousin, absolutely hilarious, who (9) ____________ . Look out for him on TV soon! Don’t be too jealous! Love, Chrissie
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English in Context 1 Put the verbs into the Present simple or continuous in this online questionnaire.
4 Complete the email with phrases with go or go for.
Q How much (1) ____________ (spend) on clothes a month? A I (2) ____________ (spend) about twenty or thirty Euros a month. Q (3) ____________ ? (you smoke) A No, (4) I ____________ . (not smoke) Q What (5) ____________ (you do) right now? A I (6) ____________ (sit) in my room studying for my exams. Q What (7) ____________ (you wear) right now? A I (8) ____________ (wear) my favourite T-shirt, a pair of old jeans and a pair of black boots. Q (9) ____________ (you listen) to music at the moment? A I (10) ____________ (always listen) to music when I do my homework!
Hi there, Jake. How are you? Thanks for your birthday email yesterday. I had a great day, thanks. It was Saturday, so there was no school. In the morning I (1) _______________ went swimming at the new pool at the leisure centre with my friends and then we (2) ____________ in the shopping centre next to it. I came home for lunch and then (3) ____________ to Edinburgh with my family in my dad’s new car. We (4) ____________ in the city centre, we went to the castle and walked around the New Town. We (5) ____________ and some cake in a really nice café in the Grassmarket. In the evening I (6) ____________ with my friends at a vegetarian restaurant in town and after that we (7) ____________ at a new club in town. The music was fantastic. Hope to see you soon. Love, Carla
2 Now it’s your turn. Write your answers to the questions in the questionnaire.
3 Complete the dialogue with the verbs from the box in the Past simple or Past continuous. be talk sit see not meet know
start do go (x2)
Mat So, (1) ______ were you at school together? Dad Yes, we were. She was in my sister’s class, but I (2) ____________ her then. Mat So, how (3) ____________ (you)? Dad Well, I (4) ____________ to my guitar lesson when I (5) ____________ this beautiful girl. Mat What (6) ____________ (she)? Dad Well she (7) ____________ and laughing with her friends outside the music school. Mat So, when did you actually speak to her? Dave Well, I (8) ____________ to the cinema two nights later and she (9) ____________ right next to me. Mat You’re kidding. Dad No, I’m not. It’s absolutely true! We (10) ____________ going out together that night.
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Complete the adjectives in these mini dialogues.
1 A The play was really bad. B Yes, it was. It was t__ e __ r __ r __ i __ b __ l __ e .
2 A The food wasn’t very good. B No, it wasn’t. It was d__ __ __ __ __ __ __ !
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4 A I thought the musical was really great. B Yes, I really enjoyed it. It was absolutely b__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ !
5 A I saw Avatar on DVD last night. It was fantastic. B Yes, and it’s w__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ in 3D.
6 A That goal was perfect! B It was absolutely m__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ !
7 A I think astrology is very interesting. B Yes, it can be really f__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ .
A I don’t think the horror film was very good. I wasn’t scared. B Really? I enjoyed it. I was t__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ !
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Complete the dialogue with short sentences beginning so or neither or short answers.
Pete I was thinking of joining a group of volunteers that help old people around here. So was I , what a Pamela You’re kidding! (1) ________ coincidence. Pete Do you mean the Saturday morning group? Pamela (2) ____________ . I heard about it from Laura. Pete (3) ____________ ! She told me about it in class. Are you going this Saturday? Pamela Yes, (4) ____________ . Are you? Pete (5) ____________ , I have to study. But I thought it was a great idea when I heard about it. Pamela (6) ____________ . It sounds great! I didn’t know it existed until Laura told me about it. Pete (7) ____________ . It was new for me too.
Sum Up! 9
Complete the spaces 1-8 with words from the box. She was laughing for a drink or a meal and smiled They were really enjoying themselves was quietly reading his newspaper They were drinking when I saw Anna and her friend The sun was shining
In the afternoons we sometimes went (1) ___________________ for a drink or a meal in a marvellous little cafè. A few days ago, I was drinking a glass of lemonade, (2) ____________ for the first time. (3) ____________ and it was quite hot. (4) ____________ iced tea and playing cards. (5) ____________ because she was winning. There was a man and his two sons at the table next to them. The father (6) ____________ and the little boys were eating two enormous ice creams. (7) ____________ . The girl looked at me (8) ____________ She had a wonderful smile.
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10 P Choose the correct answer, a, b or c.
Complete the mini dialogues with always and the correct form of the word in the box. shout
eat
criticise
argue
buy
take
1 A Does your dad get angry very often? B Yes. He_________________ ’s always shouting at us! 2 A Does she borrow your clothes? B Yes. She ____________ my clothes! 3 A Does Lee eat much? B He ____________ ! 4 A Do your brothers fight a lot? B Yes, they do. They ____________ . 5 A I never have any new clothes. B You ____________ new clothes! 6 A Your sister seems nice. B She isn’t. She ____________ me.
8 Match the sentences with their replies.
1 I got a C in my English exam. 2 My dad gave me a moped for my birthday. 3 I went to bed really late. 4 He plays rugby and tennis. 5 She was very happy with the present. 6 The whole class came to the party.
a So you made a good choice. b So you’re really tired now. 1 c Good, so you passed. d So there were a lot of people. e So he’s really sporty. f Fantastic, you got what you wanted.
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go to bed early during the week. 1 I usually ____ a going b go c am going 2 Yesterday I ____________ some new jeans. a was buying b bought c am buying 3 I don’t like this skirt. It’s ____________ . a terrific b tremendous c horrible 4 They ____________ lunch when I saw them. a were having b are having c had 5 We enjoyed the show. It was ____________ . a a bit fantastic b a bit boring c marvellous 6 I don’t like computer games. ____________ a Neither do I. b So do I. c So am I. 7 My mum never stops. She ____________ . a always is cooking and cleaning b is always cooking and cleaning c always cooks and cleans 8 My mum and dad went ____________ last night. a dancing b to dance c at dance
Translate!
11 Translate the sentences into English.
1 Sto studiando per gli esami. Voglio diventare un insegnante. 2 Di solito vado a letto presto. 3 Cosa stavi facendo quando ti ho chiamato? 4 Stavo cucinando quando sono arrivati. 5 La nostra insegnante ci critica sempre. 6 Andiamo a nuotare! 7 Cosa stai guardando? 8 Siamo andati a prendere un caffè stamattina.
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Vocabulary Builder Multi-word verbs Osserva i seguenti verbi incontrati nella Unit 1 dello Student’s Book. pick up take away Questi verbi prendono il nome di multi-word verbs. Come si formano? A verbo + verbo B verbo + sostantivo C verbo + preposizione Il verbo take è la base di molti multi-word verbs. Quando cerchi il significato di un verbo nel dizionario, controlla anche se esso è la base di un multi-word verb in modo da ampliare il tuo vocabolario.
2 Complete these adjective lines with adjectives that you know. More than one can be possible. 1 terrible – boring – ____________ – ____________ 2 ____________ – unpleasant – nice – ____________ 3 ____________ – ugly – ____________ – ____________ 4 ____________ – frightened – relaxed – confident
Words which are abbreviations Alcune parole che usiamo comunemente in inglese sono abbreviazioni di parole più lunghe. In alcuni casi anche le forme estese sono comunemente usate, mentre in altri le forme più lunghe sono ormai cadute in disuso nell’inglese moderno. Conoscere entrambe le forme ti aiuta ad ampliare il vocabolario e facilita la comprensione.
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Look at the sentences and choose a verb from the box which means the same as the multi-word verb with take. started liked immediately give a job to left the ground do someone else’s job or role make a note of
1 We recently took up photography as a new hobby. ________ started 2 The aeroplane took off five minutes late. ____________ 3 Please get a pen and paper and take down these phone numbers for me. ____________ 4 Be careful of Rebecca, I think she wants to make you leave the committee and take over your position. ____________ 5 We got a new cat, she really took to my children, she loves them! ____________ 6 The company just can’t do this job with the staff it has, we have to take on a new person to help. ____________
Adjectives Osserva questi quattro aggettivi: bad terrible wonderful nice Possono essere suddivisi in due modi: per opposti (antonimi) e per gradi (assoluti o meno). Se possibile, è utile organizzare gli aggettivi in stringhe che usano entrambi i criteri. terrible bad nice wonderful
3 Look at the full versions of these words from
Unit 1 of your Student’s Book. Can you guess the abbreviations we often use?
1 teenager 2 saxophone
____________ ____________
4 Now look at these common abbreviations.
Do you know the full versions? (They are all used in modern English).
1 exam 2 TV 3 maths 4 bike
____________ ____________ ____________ ____________
5 Now make the common abbreviations of these words, and check they are correct in your dictionary.
1 refrigerator 2 newspaper 3 aeroplane 4 telephone 5 mobile phone 6 advertisement
____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________
6 These words refers to means of transport. We no longer use them: ONLY the abbreviations are used. What are they?
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1 omnibus 2 tramcar
____________ ____________
Skills Reading 1
Read Cindy’s article. Why were they wearing coats?
Are we typical teens? Hattie and I are 17 and we’re twins. We don’t smoke and we drink diet cola when we go out. Oh, and we like listening to the Beatles. In fact we’re listening to them right now. Is that boring? We aren’t really into technology. I mean, we don’t spend all our time chatting or texting and we hardly ever watch TV. We’ve got hundreds of TV channels, but we prefer reading or painting. We live opposite Central Park in Manhattan, New York. It’s really cool. This month I’m taking a yoga class there with my boyfriend Toby. Hattie is taking visitors on walking tours. She’s a volunteer for Central Park Conservancy. So we’re doing a lot of fun stuff this summer. But let me tell you about last summer. Mum and dad were working, so we couldn’t go on holiday. We were getting a bit bored and then Hattie said ‘Let’s make a funny film!’ So the next day we called our friends Ambra and Toby. Ambra brought her video camera and we talked and talked and then Toby had an absolutely brilliant idea. It was August and it was very hot, about 30°C, we all put on winter coats, scarves and hats and took the subway to Coney Island in Brooklyn. We rode on the Cyclone Rollercoaster, went skating and ate hot dogs. People stared at us and some stopped and spoke to us and Ambra filmed it all. A little girl asked us ‘Why are you wearing coats? Are you ill?’ Then an old lady thought we were filming for ‘Candid Camera’, that comedy programme on TV. It was absolutely hilarious. We had a marvellous time. Are we typical teens? I hope not! Cindy and Hattie Ryder, New York
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Read the text and answer the questions.
1 What do Cindy and Hattie drink when they go out? They drink diet cola. 2 What are they doing right now? 3 Where do they live? 4 What do they do in their free time? 5 What is Hattie doing in Central Park this month? 6 Why couldn’t they go on holiday? 7 What did they eat at Coney Island? 8 What did the old lady think?
Writing 3
Reread the first paragraph and write five sentences about you. Are you a typical teenager? Use the questions below to help you.
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Where do you live? What do you do? What don’t you do? Are you into technology? Do you chat/send a lot of texts? What are you doing right now?
Listening 4
2 P Listen to these conversations and complete the sentences.
Dialogue 1 boring and the music was 1 The party was _______ _______________________ . 2 Nick didn’t go to the cinema because _______________________ .
Dialogue 2 3 Sam is _______________________ because _______________________ . 4 Sam _______________________ when he’s studying.
Dialogue 3 5 Kate went shopping ______________________ . 6 She bought two tops and _______________________ .
subway: metropolitana rollercoaster: montagne russe hilarious: molto divertente stare: fissare
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I’ll Text You Tonight! Focus on Grammar
will Forma affermativa
Forma negativa
estesa
contratta
estesa
contratta
I will work You will work He will work She will work It will work We will work You will work They will work
I’ll work You’ll work He’ll work She’ll work It’ll work We’ll work You’ll work They’ll work
I will not work You will not work He will not work She will not work It will not work We will not work You will not work They will not work
I won’t work You won’t work He won’t work She won’t work It won’t work We won’t work You won’t work They won’t work
Risposte brevi affermative
negative
Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes,
No, No, No, No, No, No, No, No,
I will. you will. he will. she will. it will. we will. you will. they will.
I won’t. you won’t. he won’t. she won’t. it won’t. we won’t. you won’t. they won’t.
• La forma affermativa del futuro semplice si forma con il modale will seguito dall’infinito senza to per tutte le persone. I’ll text you later. Ti mando un messaggio più tardi. • La forma contratta di will è ’ll nella forma affermativa e won’t in quella negativa. This time I won’t come. Questa volta non vengo. • La forma interrogativa si ottiene anteponendo l’ausiliare will al soggetto della frase. How long will you be away? Quanto starai via? • Le risposte brevi si formano ripetendo l’ausiliare will/won’t. Will you call me? Yes, I will./No, I won’t. Mi chiami? Sì/No
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Forma interrogativa Will Will Will Will Will Will Will Will
I work? you work? he work? she work? it work? we work? you work? they work?
• Si usa will per decisioni prese nel momento stesso in cui si parla. It’s raining hard. Don’t worry, I’ll lend you an umbrella. Piove forte. Non preoccuparti, ti presto un ombrello.
Diversamente dall’italiano, per esprimere decisioni istantanee in inglese si usa il futuro. I don’t have enough money. Don’t worry. I’ll pay for you. Non ho abbastanza soldi Non ti preoccupare, pago io per te.
Present simple future • Si usa il Present simple con significato di futuro per riferirsi ad eventi futuri prestabiliti, come orari di mezzi di trasporto, programmi e altre manifestazioni. Si tratta di eventi futuri di sicura realizzazione perché previsti in un orario, un programma, un calendario. The train for Manchester leaves at 2.35 p.m. Il treno per Manchester parte alle 14.35. Matches start at 3 p.m. next Saturday and not at 4. Le partite incominciano alle 15 sabato prossimo e non alle 16.
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Present continuous
to be going to
• Un altro modo per esprimere il futuro in inglese è il Present continuous con valore di futuro che si forma nel seguente modo:
• La costruzione to be going to si forma nel seguente modo: verbo to be + going to + forma base del verbo
soggetto + verbo to be + forma in -ing I am going to the match on Sunday. Andrò alla partita domenica. • Il Present continuous future esprime azioni, intenzioni, attività programmate nel futuro. L’avverbio di tempo futuro deve essere espresso per evitare ambiguità. I’m playing volleyball with my team tomorrow. Gioco a pallavolo con la mia squadra domani.
• La costruzione to be going to si usa di solito per esprimere: – un’intenzione oppure un’azione che è stata già programmata o definita. I am going to study harder next year. Studierò (ho intenzione di studiare) di più il prossimo anno. – una previsione basata su elementi certi. The sky is absolutely dark. It is going to rain. Il cielo è completamente scuro. Pioverà.
WORDLIST Mobile phones analogue button charger digital instant reply keypad dial mobile number prepaid card to charge to chat to check to dial to phone to plug in to return a call to send a message to switch on/off to text to turn on/off to type top-up card video call
analogico pulsante caricabatteria digitale risposta immediata tastiera del telefonino numero di telefonino carta prepagata mettere in carica chiacchierare controllare digitare un numero telefonare mettere nella spina rispondere ad una chiamata mandare un messaggio accendere/ spegnere mandare un messaggio accendere/ spegnere scrivere (su tastiera) carta per la ricarica del telefonino video chiamata
Computers folder network smiley techie to surf the net
cartella rete faccina sorridente patito della tecnologia navigare in internet
Party fancy dress party sleepover party theme party
festa in maschera pigiama party festa a tema
Feelings anxious depressed relaxed
ansioso depresso rilassato
On the phone can I take a message? vuoi lasciare un messaggio? who’s speaking? chi parla? Others Nouns brick chemist choice class date engineer fun inventor picture pocket
mattone chimico scelta lezione appuntamento ingegnere divertimento inventore disegno tasca
postman reply research step
postino risposta ricerca passo, scalino
Adjectives envious friendly funny handwritten huge jealous lucky shy slow unusual witty
invidioso cordiale divertente scritto a mano enorme geloso fortunato timido lento insolito arguto
Verbs to agree to argue to break up to brush one’s teeth to get back to get in to hang on to hide to invent to make a date to paint to pick up sb to promise to swap to weigh
essere d’accordo litigare lasciarsi lavare i denti tornare arrivare (in treno) aspettare nascondersi inventare darsi un appuntamento dipingere andare a prendere qualcuno promettere scambiare pesare
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2
Grammar and Vocabulary Practice Grammar Will for spontaneous decisions, promises and predictions
3
Underline the verbs in which the Present simple and Present continuous refer to the future.
1
Make predictions, decisions and promises using will and the words in brackets.
1 It looks like rain today. (take / umbrella) I’ll take an umbrella. 2 I’m having some problems with this homework. (help) _________________________________________ 3 I have a terrible headache. (get / aspirin) _________________________________________ 4 Jeff’s going to a film festival next week. (see / a lot of films) _________________________________________ 5 I’m a bit busy right now. (call / later) _________________________________________ 6 Do you know what time the party starts? (tell / tomorrow) _________________________________________ 7 Miriam forgot her coat. (catch / a cold) _________________________________________
Present simple and Present continuous for the future 2 Make sentences using the Present continuous about Wendy’s plans for tomorrow.
9 a.m. 10.15 a.m. 11.30 a.m. 12 a.m. 2.30 p.m.
leave for station catch train to London arrive at Victoria Station meet Sally in Piccadilly for lunch meet Nadia in Oxford Street to go shopping 6 p.m. catch train home 7.30 p.m. revise for Science test 9 p.m. call Vicky about party on Saturday
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1 At 9 a.m. Wendy’s leaving for the station. 2 _________________________________________ 3 _________________________________________ 4 _________________________________________ 5 _________________________________________ 6 _________________________________________ 7 _________________________________________ 8 _________________________________________
1 He hopes to be a doctor so he’s studying science at high school next year. 2 Daniel is texting his girlfriend so don’t disturb him now. 3 Our lesson starts at three so we’ll have lots of time for lunch. 4 Where are you going at the weekend? 5 She isn’t coming to the party because her ex will be there. 6 Peter’s trying to find Jackie because he’s got our notes. 7 We start filming on Friday morning, so be on time please! 8 I take sandwiches for my lunch break because they’re cheaper than the café. 9 I understand your problem but I don’t know how to help you.
Present simple and Present continuous for the future, will and to be going to 4 Underline the correct verb form in each sentence.
1 There are a lot of black clouds, I think it rains / it’s going to rain. 2 Slow down! Don’t go so fast! You’ll crash / You’re crashing! 3 Your film is great, I’m sure it’s winning / it’s going to win the competition. 4 The train leaves / is going to leave Oxford at 11.20 a.m. 5 Did Catherine tell you her news? She has / ’s going to have a baby! 6 You never study. Be careful, you’re failing / you’ll fail the exam. 7 Graham says he’s leaving / he’ll leave for his holidays on Sunday morning. 8 I’ll have / I’m having friends for something to eat on Friday, do you want to come?
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Complete the sentences with the correct future form of the verb in brackets. Sometimes more than one answer is possible.
1 Filming ________ finishes next Wednesday. (finish) 2 Donald ____________ to his next flat next weekend. (move) 3 Stop shouting or you ____________ the baby! (wake) 4 The train for Southampton ____________ 4.45 p.m. (leave) 5 Pat’s daughter ____________ a dancer when she grows up. (be) 6 We ____________ a meeting this evening at 8.30, please come along. (have) 7 Is your mobile broken? Here, I ____________ you mine for a moment. (lend) 8 Their plane ____________ at 5 p.m. so be there to meet your friends on time. (arrive) 9 I ____________ smoking this year. (stop)
Vocabulary Mobile phones 6
P Complete the sentences with the correct word or phrase, a, b or c.
Parties 7
Substitute the phrase in italics in the sentences with a word or phrase from the box which means the same. dinner fancy dress party dance party karaoke games party theme party sleepover party
1 Why don’t you all come round for something to eat this evening? ________ dinner 2 I’d like to have a party where everything is about a single subject. ____________ 3 Let’s have a party where everyone dresses up in a costume. ____________ 4 Bring your pyjamas and come round for a party where you stay the night. ____________ 5 Bring your favourite CDs, we’re going to have a party where you dance all evening. ____________ 6 Let’s have a party where people have to play in teams! ____________ 7 I’ve got a small portable sound system so we can have an evening where everyone has to sing a song. ____________
IT: old words, new meanings 8
Complete the pairs of sentences with one word from the box. crash virus folder mouse
1 Oh no, my phone’s dead. Can you lend me charger . your ________ a charger b battery c call button 2 I don’t think it’s a good idea to send that angry message. Don’t press the ____________ yet. a prepaid card b send button c charger 3 I think my ____________ is broken, I can’t dial the numbers 2, 7 or 8. a call button b message c keypad 4 Oh no, I forgot to ____________ my charger, so my phone is useless. a plug in b dial c send 5 To avoid spending too much money, why don’t you buy a ____________ ? a end call button b prepaid card c keypad dial 6 If you press the ____________ it should show you the last call you made. a charger b battery c call button 7 The memory on my phone is full so I didn’t ____________ your message. a receive b dial c end
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desktop zip menu
1 There’s a terrible flu ______ virus going about. Oh no, my computer’s got a ______ virus that closes files automatically. 2 Waiter, can we look at the ____________ please? Run down the ____________ and click ‘open’. 3 He had a ____________ on his bike. I’m afraid if there’s a ____________ you have to buy a new computer. 4 Leave the letter on the boss’s ____________ . I always have photos of my friends on my computer ____________ . 5 Put the documents in the red ____________ on that shelf. Have you got all my emails in a separate ____________ ? 6 It’s a bit cold, ____________ up your cardigan. It’s better to ____________ that file, it’s too heavy. 7 I’m sure I saw a ____________ in your garage, set a trap! Do your prefer a touch pad or a ____________ ?
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2
English in Context 1 Complete the email with the correct form of the verbs in the box. Use will. There is one verb in the Present simple. Which is it? buy not be late help meet open find not be able call
3 Complete the online chat between Abbie and her boyfriend Tod in Sydney with the verbs in brackets. Use the Present simple or continuous, will or going to.
Abbie I don’t feel well today I’ve got a temperature! are you going to do ? Tod Oh no! What (1) _________________ (do) Abbie I (2) _____________ (stay) in bed today, but tomorrow I’ve got a really busy day. I (3) _____________ (give) my talk at 8.30! Then I (4) _____________ (meet) the other film makers after lunch to talk about our project, we’ve got seminars all day. Tod (5) _____________ (you call) me when you get back? Abbie I (6) _____________ (not be) back before 10. It (7) _____________ (be) too late to call, you’ll be asleep at that time. Tod That’s true. Abbie What (8) _____________ (do) tonight? Tod I (9) _____________ . (study) I’ve got my exam tomorrow, remember. Abbie Yes that’s right. OK, good luck!
Hi Jacob. I’m sorry about your mobile! Don’t worry; I’m sure (1) __________ you’ll find a nicer one at the phone market tomorrow. They’ve got loads of great phones. I (2) ____________ you! The shop (3) ____________ at nine. I (4) ____________ you at the bus stop at 8.30. I promise I (5) ____________ ! (6) ____________ me when you wake up? (you) (7) (You ____________ to text me f). Let’s go to our café. I (8) __________ us a cappuccino and muffins. s
2 Jacob sends a text on his new phone to his mum. Complete the sentences using the Present simple/going to/will.
(1) I / not come ____________________ I’m not going to come home for lunch 2day, but I promise (2) I / get back _____________ for dinner at 7. (3) We / go to buy _____________ sandwiches and eat them in the park and then (4) we / see _____________ the Di Caprio film at the Empire. (5) It / start _____________ at 13.30 and (6) finish _____________ at 15.00. After the film (7) we / work _____________ on our film project at Hope’s house. (8) Her mum / bring _____________ me home. C U l8er
4 Correct the words underlined in the mini dialogues.
1 A Did you get my message last night? B Sorry, I forgot to (1) light my phone. switch on A You’re always doing that! B You’re right. I’ll (2) control my messages right now. _____________
2 A I will miss you! B I promise I’ll (3) message you all the time. _____________
3 A Why didn’t you answer my messages? B I’m sorry, I forgot to (4) retop my phone. _____________
4 A What’s wrong with your phone? B I can’t type any messages. The (5) keyboard isn’t working. _____________
5 A I think my (6) recharger isn’t working. _____________ B Do you want to borrow mine?
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5 Put the letters into the correct order to complete the definitions.
menu is the list of options on a 1 The mneu (1) ______ mobile or computer. 2 A vsiru (2) ____________ is a code that damages a computer. 3 The pdoeskt (3) ____________ of a computer is the display screen. 4 You sfru (4) ____________ the net when you look for information, videos and websites on the Internet. 5 A flei (5) ____________ is a page in a Word program. 6 You keep your fleis (6) ____________ in a flredo (7) ____________ . 7 A msoeu (8) ____________ is something you use to move the cursor on your computer screen.
6 Complete the conversation with words from the Unit.
speak to Mara, please ? A Hello, could I (1) ______ B (2) ____________ , she’s not (3) ____________ at the moment. Who’s (4) ____________ ? A It’s Antonio. B Can I (5) ____________ a message? A Yes, please. Can you tell her I’ll be a bit late tonight. B Alright. A Thanks. (6) ____________ .
Sum Up!
7 Complete spaces 1-8 with phrases from the box. he’s doing anything What’s Dave doing I’ll text him. I think they arrive at 9. you call him are coming back from Paris are you going to do Are Bonnie and Sam coming?
Sonia What (1) _________________ are you going to do with those potatoes mum? Mum I’m going to make a shepherd’s pie for dinner. Sonia Wonderful. My favourite. (2) ____________ Mum Yes, they are. (3) ____________ tonight? Sonia I’m not sure. I don’t think (4) ____________ . Mum Well, why don’t (5) ____________ and ask him to come too? Sonia He’s working, I don’t want to disturb him. (6) ____________ . A few minutes later Mum What’s the matter? Sonia He can’t come. His mum and dad (7) ____________ tonight. He’s picking them up. Mum What time does their train get in? Sonia I’m not sure. (8) ____________ .
8 Paul is interviewing a classmate about mobile phones for the school magazine. Put the verbs into the correct tense.
Paul How much time (1) _____________ do you spend (you spend) on your mobile? Jed Well, I (2) ____________ (not spend) any time on my mobile because I haven’t got one and I (3) ____________ (not buy) one ever again! Paul Really? Why not? Jed I hate them. I (4) ____________ (have) a row with my girlfriend last week about her mobile. Paul Why? Jed She (5) ____________ (always text) her mates. She (6) ____________ (never switch) off her phone. I think she texts in her sleep! Paul What (7) ____________ (you do) ? Jed I don’t know. She emailed me last night and I (8) ____________ (see) her on Friday. Paul Do you think (9) ____________ (she have) her mobile with her? Jed I hope not.
Translate! Translation tip We say: I’m seeing my boyfriend this evening and not I see my boyfriend
9
Translate the sentences into English.
1 Ti chiamo alle 10. _________________________________________ 2 Non posso giocare con te perchè vado a fare spese con mia madre. _________________________________________ 3 Il mio telefonino è proprio vecchio. Ne compro uno nuovo. _________________________________________ 4 Non riesco a fare questo esercizio. Ti aiuto io. _________________________________________ 5 Cosa fanno Pedro e Maria stasera? Vanno al cinema. _________________________________________ 6 Ho spento il mio telefono perchè eravamo al cinema. _________________________________________ 7 Posso usare il tuo caricabatteria? _________________________________________ 8 Mi mandi un messaggio quando arrivi? _________________________________________
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2
Vocabulary Builder Multi-word verbs
4 Try to make these messages shorter by
1
In Unit 2 of your Student’s Book you can find these common multi word verbs. Match each one with its definition.
1 get back 2 get in 3 pick up 4 break up
collect someone with a car return separate from a partner arrive (transport)
2
Look at the sentences and choose a multi-word verb from the box which means the same as the phrase in italics. get up get on get over pick out break into break out break down
1 I hate to leave my bed early in the mornings. get up 2 Thieves illegally entered the shop last night. ____________ 3 Look, stop wasting time and continue with the job. ____________ 4 Penny phoned, she’s late because her car had a mechanical problem. ____________ 5 Have a look at these photos and choose the ones you want. ____________ 6 Apparently a terrible type of flu is starting all over the area. ____________ 7 Susie’s really depressed, it’s taking ages for her to recover from her break up with Mike. ____________
Long/Short synonyms In inglese esistono molte parole che hanno lo stesso significato. Queste parole prendono il nome di sinonimi. Talvolta i due sinonimi sono di diversa lunghezza: uno lungo e uno più breve. È importante considerare ciò nel caso in cui bisogna scrivere qualcosa di breve, come ad esempio un messaggio, oppure qualcosa di più corposo ed elegante, come ad esempio un tema per la scuola. Imparando entrambe le versioni puoi migliorare il tuo stile.
3 Match each short word in box A with its longer synonym in box B. A 1 break up 2 get 5 dull 6 chat B
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a fantastic b uninteresting c about four d separate
3 fun 7 fourish
4 great 8 bright
e conversation f intelligent g receive h entertainment
changing some of the words for synonyms from the list in exercise 3.
1 Why don’t you come round at about four for a conversation about your intelligent idea? Why don’t you come round at fourish... 2 I received your message about the fantastic party. I had a very uninteresting evening and my sister and her boyfriend separated, no entertainment at all.
Common text message abbreviations Nei messaggi di solito si ricorre alle abbreviazioni. Esistono vari modi per abbreviare le parole nei messaggi. Ad esempio: A eliminando alcune lettere, soprattutto le vocali B usando le iniziali delle parole di un’epressione molto comune C usando parole e lettere che si leggono nello stesso modo
5 Can you understand these abbreviations?
Match them with the underlined phrases in the messages. Put them into category A, B or C. 1 C U l8er 2 talk 2 U soon 3 2day 4 Bcoz 5 R U there? 6 4 U 7 RU 8 asap 9 nth 10 gr8
See you later! C __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________
Hey, are you there? Why don’t you answer my calls? Are you in trouble? Call me as soon as possible! Talk to you soon! Went to a great new shop this morning, got something for you, because it’s your birthday today. See you later! I’m at Fiona’s house but there’s nothing happening. Bye for now.
6 Now try to abbreviate this message. Mark, are you there? I’ve heard nothing from you for two days! I’ve got a message for you from Steve. Speak to you later? Call me as soon as possible.
Skills Reading 1
Read the article in The Ontario News in Canada about a new kind of mobile phone. What are Jay and Stuart going to buy their children?
I promise I’ll call
‘I promise I’ll call/text, I won’t be late’. My teenagers, Trudy 14 and Tara 16, say these things all the time. They usually let us know when they’re going to be late, but sometimes they don’t. I get anxious and start calling their friends or even the hospitals! Then I get the usual excuses ‘Sorry, I forgot to recharge the battery/switch on/top up my phone’. Ten or twelve year olds want to go out and play. Parents want them to grow up strong and independent; however the world is not always safe. You don’t want to be an anxious parent, calling them all the time, but how do you know where they really are? Well, some parents are opting for an unusual solution. Jay and Stuart Bradley talked to Ontario News. ‘We’ve got two children, Kirk is 12 and he’s an absolutely fantastic kid. He plays a lot of sports and often goes away with his football team for matches or training. Kirsty is 16, she passed her driving test two months ago and is a sensible girl. She has promised that she won’t drive fast, and she won’t talk on her mobile or text when she’s driving. She complains that we worry too much or that we don’t trust her. Although we trust our daughter, we worry when she goes out with her friends on a Saturday night. We don’t want to pester our kids with phone calls, so Stuart and I are going to buy each of them a tracking phone with GPS software. They’re a bit expensive, but they’re extremely useful. We can know where the children are every time they leave the house. They are normal phones so they can call, text and listen to their favourite music with them. When Kirk is out playing with his friends we can just log onto the tracker website and we can see where they are. When Kirsty goes on a trip with her friends, the site tells us where she is going, as well as how fast she is driving.
2
P True (T) or False (F)? Correct the false sentences.
1 The writer has got two boys. F 2 The writer worries about her children. ___ 3 Trudy and Tara always remember to call their parents when they plan to be late. ___ 4 Kirsty promises to drive carefully. ___ 5 The phones are cheap. ___ 6 You can’t listen to music on a tracking phone. ___ 7 The website can tell you the speed a car is going. ___
Writing 3
Complete these sentences with the linkers in the box. although
but
so
because
however
Although the writer’s children usually call 1 _________ when they go out, sometimes they forget. 2 The writer’s children usually call when they go out, _____________ sometimes they forget. 3 The writer sometimes gets anxious about her kids _____________ they sometimes forget to call when they go out. 4 It’s important that young people learn to become independent; _____________ parents worry about their safety. 5 Mr and Mrs Bradley worry about where their children are _____________ they are planning on buying tracking phones.
Listening 4
3 P Claire, Ava and Liam are flatmates. Listen to them talking about lunch and complete the sentences.
1 Claire asks Ava where she _____________ . 2 Ava is going to buy _____________ . 3 The film starts at _____________ . 4 _____________ is going to make lunch. 5 They are going to have _____________ . 6 Ava offers to buy _____________ .
training: allenamento pester: infastidire tracking phone: un telefono che può essere rintracciato
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Freedom Focus on Grammar
Modal verbs (1)
have to
• I verbi modali (can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, ought to) vengono chiamati così perché modificano il significato del verbo che segue.
• have to sostituisce must nei tempi verbali mancanti. Yesterday she had to leave earlier. Ieri è dovuta andare via prima.
• Sono verbi difettivi perché mancano di alcune forme verbali. • I verbi modali: – non prendono la -s alla 3a persona singolare del Present simple. My sister can swim. Mia sorella sa nuotare. – sono seguiti dall’infinito senza to. I must go now. Adesso devo andare. – come i verbi ausiliari non vogliono l’ausiliare do/ does/did nelle forme interrogative, negative, nelle risposte brevi e nelle question tags. – costruiscono la forma negativa aggiungendo not al modale. I can’t dance. Non so ballare. – costruiscono la forma interrogativa anteponendo il verbo al soggetto. Will you do me a favour? Mi fai un favore?
must • Il modale must è una delle diverse forme di cui dispone l’inglese per esprimere un dovere. • must ha solo la forma del presente. La forma negativa è mustn’t. • Su usa must per esprimere: – un obbligo imposto da una regola o da una persona. All guests must collect their keys at the reception. Tutti gli ospiti devono ritirare le chiavi alla reception. You must tidy up your desk immediately. Devi riordinare la tua scrivania subito. – senso del dovere quando si parla di se stessi. I must send Martina a message to thank her for the visit. Devo spedire un messaggio a Martina per ringraziarla di essermi venuta a trovare. – una forte raccomandazione. If you go to London you must visit the New Tate. Se vai a Londra devi visitare la New Tate.
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• have to richiede l’ausiliare do/does/did nelle frasi negative, interrogative, nelle risposte brevi e nelle question tags. We didn’t have to call. Non abbiamo dovuto chiamare. • Si usa have to per esprimere: – un obbligo di fare qualcosa imposto dall’esterno e non sentito personalmente da chi parla. In England you have to wear a uniform in schools. In Inghilterra si deve indossare la divisa a scuola. – una necessità derivata dalle circostanze. We have to catch an early train. Dobbiamo prendere il treno presto.
! Nella forma affermativa del presente si possono usare sia must che have to, ma con un diverso significato. L’uso dipende dall’atteggiamento del parlante. • Con i pronomi personali you/they, si usa must per esprimere un comando, un ordine. You must do as you’re told. Devi fare come ti viene detto. • Con il pronome I si usa must per esprimere un senso di dovere, una scelta. I must tell you what has happened. Devo dirti quello che è successo. • Nella forma negativa del presente: – mustn’t esprime il divieto di fare qualcosa. You mustn’t use your mobile phones here. È vietato usare il cellulare qui. – don’t/doesn’t have to esprime l’assenza di necessità. You don’t have to tell me anything if you don’t want to. Non mi devi dire nulla se non vuoi.
3
should
Past of should
• should è la forma condizionale del verbo “dovere”. Si usa per dare un consiglio, un suggerimento oppure fare un rimprovero. If you still have a toothache, you should go to the dentist’s. Se hai ancora il mal di denti, dovresti andare dal dentista. You should listen to his advice! Dovresti ascoltare i suoi consigli.
• Il passato di should si forma nel seguente modo:
• In quanto verbo modale, should è sempre seguito dall’infinito senza il to e non ha bisogno di ausiliari per la forma interrogativa o negativa. You shouldn’t eat so many hamburgers if you want to lose weight. Non dovresti mangiare così tanti panini se vuoi perdere peso. What should I wear at the party? Cosa dovrei indossare per la festa?
should not (shouldn’t) + have + participio passato
should + have + participio passato You should slow down on this road. Dovresti decelerare su questa strada. Per la forma negativa, è sufficiente aggiungere la negazione not.
You shouldn’t have spoken to that man! Non avresti dovuto parlare con quell’uomo! La forma interrogativa al passato si forma anteponendo il modale should al soggetto: should + sogg. + have + participio passato Should I have told the truth? Avrei dovuto dire la verità?
WORDLIST At school primary school
scuola primaria/ elementare to do homework fare i compiti to fail essere bocciato/ non superare to get a mark prendere un voto to pass essere promosso to sit an exam dare un esame to stay behind after school stare a scuola oltre l’orario to take an exam dare un esame to translate tradurre to wear a uniform portare l’uniforme Household tasks to clean to clear the table to cook to do the housework to to to to
do the shopping do the ironing make the beds pay the bills
to sweep to tidy up the room to wash the dishes
Collocations to ask questions to be in a hurry to be successful to catch a cold to to to to to to to to to
pulire sparecchiare cucinare fare i lavori domestici fare la spesa stirare fare i letti pagare le bollette spazzare riordinare la stanza lavare i piatti
to
fare domande avere fretta avere successo prendere il raffreddore cost a fortune costare una fortuna give a second chance dare un’altra possibilità have a cup of tea prendere una tazza di tè have a rest riposare have a temperature avere la febbre make an excuse trovare una scusa take decisions prendere decisioni take a look dare un’occhiata take photos scattare fotografie take a risk correre un rischio
Animals bird elephant goldfish monkey pelican seal
uccello elefante pesce rosso scimmia pellicano foca
Others Nouns assignment childhood flavour grief iron jewellery plumber punishment rule risk snowflake trip weight Adjectives free shallow
compito infanzia gusto dolore ferro gioielli idraulico punizione regola rischio fiocco di neve viaggio peso
true
gratuito basso, superficiale vero
Verbs to apologise to believe to calm down to disappear to dye to let to melt to obey
chiedere scusa credere calmarsi sparire tingere permettere sciogliersi obbedire
Adverbs anyway quickly unfortunately urgently
comunque velocemente purtroppo con urgenza
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3
Grammar and Vocabulary Practice Grammar have to 1
Complete the sentences with the correct Present simple or Past simple form of have to.
1 We ________ have to find a good location for this film. 2 Are you sure we ____________ finish the homework for tomorrow? 3 You really ____________ bring anything to the party, I have everything I need. 4 I was lucky as a child because I ____________ do any housework except clean my own bedroom. 5 If she wants to pass the test she ____________ study the first ten pages of the book. 6 When my mum was a child, she ____________ walk three miles to school every day. 7 You ____________ use a password on this computer, it hasn’t got one. 8 Tell Mark he ____________ phone me, I already know about the plan.
must, should 3
Complete the sentences with must(n’t) or should(n’t).
mustn’t sit in the front seat of cars. 1 Children ________ 2 If you don’t feel well you ____________ go home. 3 You ____________ ask people their ages, it’s not very polite. 4 All cyclists ____________ leave their bicycles outside the building: no bicycles inside. 5 You ____________ send offensive messages to people, it’s against the law. 6 You ____________ worry so much about your work, calm down! 7 People who buy pets ____________ take care of them. 8 You ____________ cross the road when the man on the traffic light is red. 9 I think you ____________ invite Sarah to the party, she’s really nice.
Past of have to, must, should 4
Complete the sentences with using should(n’t) have and a verb.
should 2
Match the sentence halves.
1 If you can’t see, 2 If you have a headache, 3 Switch off your mobile, 4 You’re too tired, 5 If you want to feel healthier, 6 Try not to use the lift because 7 This is a library, a you b you 1 c you d you e you f you g you
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shouldn’t make noise in here. should eat more fruit. should wear your glasses. should take an aspirin. should keep quiet. shouldn’t work so hard. should walk up the stairs.
1 You called Kerry very late. You __________________ should have called her earlier. 2 I told Harry a lie. I ____________ him the truth. 3 I ate too much last night. I ____________ so much. 4 You have a terrible flu. You ____________ at home today. 5 Aunt Frances is coming for tea and the house isn’t clean. You ____________ the living room at least! 6 You cooked an enormous lunch for us. You ____________ so much food! 7 Kevin didn’t study much before that exam. He ____________ more. 8 We’re going to be late. Why did we take the bus? The train is much quicker. We ____________ the bus.
5
Complete the sentences with the correct present or past form of must, should or have to.
shouldn’t have 1 What lovely flowers! You really ______________ spent so much money, but thank you all the same! 2 All competitors ____________ pay the entrance fee or they will be disqualified. 3 You ____________ go in there, it’s forbidden. 4 I had so much work yesterday that I ____________ stay up till two in the morning to finish it. 5 If your cold doesn’t get better, I think you ____________ ask your doctor for some advice. 6 I don’t like my job at all, I ____________ done something different. 7 Don’t worry, you ____________ wash the dishes. We have a dishwasher. 8 I ____________ leave at eight every morning to get to school on time.
Vocabulary Tasks and duties 6
Complete the sentences with an expression from the box. do the housework wash the dishes pay the bills wash the car cook dinner do the ironing set the table do the shopping
1 I work all week, so I have to ________________ do the housework at the weekends, I don’t have time during the week. 2 I like to look smart so I always ask my sister to ____________ ! 3 I don’t mind going to the supermarket to ____________ . 4 After dinner don’t forget to ____________ and put them away. 5 It’s really useful to be able to ____________ online with home banking. 6 Dinner’s almost ready, can you ____________ please? 7 I don’t feel very well, can you ____________ please? There’s chicken in the fridge and you can make rice too. 8 Let’s ____________ before we drive to uncle Bill’s house. You know he always criticises us because it’s dirty.
3
Phrases with have and take 7
Replace the underlined verbs and phrases with a phrase using have or take and an object.
1 I’m sorry but you have to choose regarding which course you want to take. take a decision 2 My brother works in a bank near here. ____________ 3 I think you should do some physical activity, it’s important to be fit. ____________ 4 Come and look at these photos, they’re great. ____________ 5 I’d really like to go walking by the river. ____________ 6 Can I get you a drink? Do you want to eat something? ____________ 7 I studied French at school so my German is terrible. ____________ 8 I listened to my brother’s suggestion and bought this guitar. ____________ 9 It’s a pity you couldn’t come to Tamara’s birthday party last Saturday. We really enjoyed it! ____________
8
Underline the correct phrases in the dialogue.
Jo
Come on Sally, give me a hand to (1) set the table / wash the car for breakfast. Sally But Jo, I have to finish my homework. (2) Make a decision / Take a break and stop disturbing me! Jo No way. It only takes five minutes. I have to go to the post office to (3) pay the bills / wash the car for Mum afterwards too. Sally Sorry, I just don’t (4) have a chance / have the time to help you. Jo That’s not true. Yesterday I finished my homework and I also (5) ironed the clothes / cooked the dinner that Mum washed. Sally Listen, (6) take my advice / have some tea: stop disturbing me. Jo OK, but don’t ask me to help you to (7) do the housework / go to school when it’s your turn tomorrow.
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3
English in Context 1 Complete the chat with the correct form of have to and a verb from the box. get up give travel catch study go sing rehearse
Carlo
I’m really annoyed. have to go to school on We (1) __________ Saturdays this year! That’s a pain. I (2) ____________ really early.
What time? Carlo
Carlo
Half past six. My new school’s miles away. And my mum (3) ___________ me a lift on her way to work. I (4) ____________ two buses to come home. That’s dreadful. I suppose I’m lucky I (5) ____________ far to school. It’s down the road. Are you doing any sports this year?
James No, I’m not. We (6) ____________ a lot this year. What about you? Carlo
James
I’m in the drama club. It’s great fun, but we (7) ____________ three times a week, because we’re putting on a show at Christmas. (8) ____________ (you)?
Carlo Yes, I do. It’s a musical! James
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holiday camp brochure. Put a tick (3) next to the dos and an 7 next to the don’ts.
1 Make bed every day 3 2 Clean and tidy kitchen after meals 3 Run in the corridors 4 Tidy bedroom 5 Smoke in any part of the building or college grounds 6 Take other people’s food 7 Listen to music after 10 p.m. 8 Ask permission before using sports equipment 9 Bring food into your room
3 Now reread the rules in exercise 2 and write sentences with must/mustn’t.
James
James
2 Jo is making a list of rules for the summer
1 You must make your bed every day.
4 Underline the correct answer.
1 A You should / must have a break. B I can’t. I mustn’t / have to study for my exam tomorrow.
2 A Do you have to / Should you do your homework now? B Yes, I do. I must / have to go out later.
3 A Do we have to / Must we go to bed now? B Yes, you do. You should / should have gone to bed earlier.
4 A You don’t have to / mustn’t write on your books. B OK. Can I write in pencil?
5 A My eyes hurt. B You shouldn’t have / mustn’t have spent so much time on the computer.
6 A She is always taking my clothes! B You must / should tell your mum.
7 A Do you need to be sporty to work at the camp? B No, but you shouldn’t / must be fit and healthy.
8 A I have to / mustn’t be at the meeting by 9 a.m. tomorrow. B Well, you ’ll have to / shouldn’t take a taxi because our car is still at the mechanic’s.
9 A We mustn’t / don’t have to forget to pay the rent tomorrow. B Don’t worry. I’ve already paid by bank transfer.
5 Complete the email with words from the box. housework wash dinner have irons take shopping cleaning
3
Sum up! 8
Complete the dialogues with the expressions from the box. lose a bit of weight set the table have to should’ve asked must go took photos take a course have to do did you all the dishes
Hi Lucy, Thanks for your email. You asked me about my job. Tom and Amy are really nice and the kids, Henry and Lily are lovely (I’m attaching a photo of them). In the morning I go to the language school for two hours of English. I’m lucky. I don’t have to do any (1) ___________ housework . A cleaning lady comes twice a week. She (2) ____________ the clothes and does the (3) ____________ . In the afternoon I usually take the children to the park and on the way home I go to the supermarket and do the (4) ____________ . I cook the children their (5) ____________ at six. After dinner I (6) ____________ the dishes and at seven the children (7) ____________ a bath and go to bed. I’m free in the evenings and I usually (8) ____________ the bus into town and meet up with friends.
6 Match the actions 1-6 with the complaints a-f to make dialogues.
1 I borrowed your credit card mum 2 We went to the Monet exhibition yesterday. 3 I failed my exam. 4 I’m sorry. I’m late. I was at Mark’s. 5 I had a hamburger for lunch. 6 I went out with Hannah.
a You should’ve told me. I wanted to see it. b You should’ve studied more. 1 c You should’ve asked me before taking it. d You should have called us. e You shouldn’t have. She has to study for her exams. f You should have come home for lunch.
7 Now match the excuses below with the complaints in exercise 6.
1 I’m sorry, I forgot to top up my mobile. d 2 I know, but she needed a break! ___ 3 I can’t understand it. I worked really hard. ___ 4 I’m sorry. I didn’t know you liked art. ___ 5 I’m sorry. I had to pay for something online and you weren’t here. ___ 6 I’m sorry. I was really hungry! ___
1 A Do you ________ have to speak English to work as an aupair? B Yes, a bit. You can ____________ when you’re there. 2 A ____________ work when you were at university dad? B Yes, I worked for a photographer. I ____________ of theatre performances. 3 A I had to wash ____________ after the party. B You ____________ the others to help. 4 A Are you going to ____________ for lunch Dan? B Do I have to do it now? I ____________ my homework. 5 A You should ____________ . B I know. I really ____________ on a diet.
9
Complete the dialogue with appropriate words and expressions.
Mike Why didn’t you come out yesterday? Mia I (1) _______ had to write my essay for English! Mike But, we (2) ____________ give it in until Friday. Mia I know. I (3) ____________ relax more. I work too hard. Mike OK, what about going for a walk in the park? Mia I’d love to, but I have to (4) ____________ the car. I promised my dad. Mike I’ll help you! Do you (5) ____________ clean the inside too? Mia Yes, I do. Mike OK, and when we finish we’ll go for a walk in the park, we can have a (6) ____________ and (7) ____________ some exercise at the same time.
Translate!
10 Translate the sentences into English.
1 Io stiro i miei jeans. 2 Non dovresti usare il telefonino in classe. 3 È vietato parlare in biblioteca. 4 Non devi finire i tuoi compiti ora, se non vuoi. 5 Devo uscire stasera ma non voglio. 6 Non saresti dovuto uscire. 7 Dovresti andare dal dottore. 8 Faremo una festa sabato.
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3
Vocabulary Builder Making nouns (1): compound nouns
Making nouns (2): gerunds as nouns Completa la spiegazione: un altro modo per riferirsi ai lavori domestici (housework) consiste nell’usare il ____________ del verbo come sostantivo preceduto da to do the. to wash up the dishes = to do the washing up
1
Look at these two compound nouns. Which is an animal (A) and which is a competition (C)? horse race
race horse
2
Complete the explanation with first and second. In a compound noun two nouns join together to form a new noun. The ____________ noun tells us what the thing is. The ____________ noun tells what type of thing we are talking about. Which of these means domestic cleaning, and which means studying? housework homework
3
Do you know these common compound nouns for talking about housework?
1 a machine for washing dishes: ____________ 2 a machine for washing clothes: ____________ 3 a machine that cleans the floor by creating a vacuum inside itself: ____________ 4 a cloth for drying dishes: ____________ 5 a board for ironing clothes on: ____________ 6 powder for washing clothes that consists of soap: ____________
4
Number these inventions according to how useful you think they are, from 1 = most useful to 6 = least useful.
5
Change the sentences using the gerund form of the verbs.
1 I 2 I 3 I 4 I 5 I 6 I
vacuumed the floor = I did the ____________ cleaned the house = I did the ____________ ironed the clothes = I did the ____________ cooked the meals = I did the ____________ tidied the rooms = I did the ____________ washed the clothes = I did the ____________
6
Complete the table with housework tasks you know. I quite enjoy doing...
I don’t mind doing...
I hate doing...
Idioms Talvolta si usano delle espressioni che non possono essere tradotte letteralmente parola per parola. Queste prendono il nome di espressioni idiomatiche. Quando cerchi una parola nel dizionario, controlla anche se ci sono delle espressioni idiomatiche collegate ad essa. Così facendo puoi ampliare il tuo vocabolario.
7
Look at the sentences with idioms and find the word or phrase in the box that means the same. a lot of money unwell have a cup of tea sad enjoyed ourselves hurry up
washing machine dishwasher electric cheese grater bread maker vacuum cleaner iron
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1 Let’s sit down and have a cuppa and some biscuits. have a cup of tea 2 What a great evening at the karaoke! We really had a ball. 3 I feel really under the weather, like I have a temperature. 4 You look a bit down in the mouth. What’s the problem? 5 Come on, jump to it! We haven’t got much time. 6 What do think of my new boots? They cost an arm and a leg but they’re so cool.
Skills Reading 1
Read the text and choose the best title for each paragraph from the box below. What the psychologist says
Tom’s story
Jenny’s story
You should encourage them, but not push them 1 ______________________ He passed his Maths GCSE when he was 6 and passed Maths ‘A’ level when he was 8. His father took him out of school then and decided to teach him at home. He’s now 15 and is going to Cambridge University this year. Have you had to study hard? ‘No, I haven’t. I love studying, especially Maths.’ Will you have to live in a student accommodation? ‘No, I won’t. Dad is coming with me. He’s buying a flat there.’ What about your mum? ‘She’s staying in Spain. My brothers have to finish school there.’
2 ______________________ Why did you have to leave school? ‘Well, I was really unhappy. The lessons were too easy for me and I got bored and misbehaved and got into trouble. I had to see a psychologist. Then they told me that I was gifted. The psychologist said they should have known earlier.’ Do you have friends? ‘I’m at a Montessori school and I’ve got lots of friends. Here everyone is like me. Nobody thinks I’m special. We are just ordinary kids. We have to make our beds and we like playing computer games.’ Do you have to work hard? ‘Here we can choose what we want to study; we don’t have to study anything we aren’t interested in. I love Maths and foreign languages.’ 3 ______________________ ‘Well, firstly, gifted children should enjoy what they are doing. When a child has a special strength or talent you should encourage them but not push them. In addition, it is important that they do things other kids do, like skateboarding or playing video games.’
2
Now read the article again and complete these sentences.
1 Tom didn’t have to ____________ 2 Tom won’t have to ____________ 3 Jenny had to see ____________
4 Jenny has to ____________ 5 Children at Jenny’s school don’t have to ____________ 6 Gifted children should ____________
Writing 3
Write six sentences about you. Use these words to help you. Remember to use linkers: although, but, because, so. I have to/I don’t have to my parents should/shouldn’t teachers should/shouldn’t
Listening 4
4
Listen to 3 teenagers from different countries talking about housework. Complete the table. Has to
Doesn’t have to
Ryan Lila Luca gifted: dotato misbehave: comportarsi male
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3
4
Relationships Focus on Grammar
Modal verbs (2) must • must ha solo la forma del presente. La forma negativa è mustn’t. • Oltre ad esprimere un obbligo, must può essere usato per fare una deduzione logica o una supposizione: That man must be famous. Quell’uomo deve essere famoso. • Per esprime una deduzione logica riferita al passato si usa: must + have + participio passato Sue looks happy today. Something must have happened to her. Sue ha l’aria contenta oggi. Deve esserle successo qualcosa. • Per fare una deduzione o una supposizione in frasi negative si usa can’t. She can’t be in love with him. He’s so arrogant! Non può essere innamorata di lui. È così arrogante!
can • Il verbo modale can traduce il verbo “potere” in italiano. • Si usa can per: – chiedere, dare o rifiutare un permesso. You can go if you like. Potete andare se volete. You can’t take photos here. Non si possono scattare foto qui. – esprimere una possibilità teorica dedotta da fatti noti. In questi casi, l’azione o situazione descritta ha un valore indeterminato. It can be hot here in summer. Può fare molto caldo qui d’estate. – trarre una conclusione logica negativa. He can’t be fifty! Non può avere cinquant’anni! – esprimere incredulità. Oh no! It can’t have stopped again! Oh no! Non può essersi fermato ancora. – esprimere capacità o incapacità con i verbi di percezione al presente. I can’t see anything. Non vedo niente.
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could • could è il passato e il condizionale di can. When I was a child, I could swim much better. Quando ero bambino, sapevo nuotare molto meglio. I could come with you. Potrei venire con voi. • Si usa could per: – esprimere una possibilità presente o futura. The bell! That could be the postman! Il campanello! Potrebbe essere il postino! It could be fun to go to the concert together! Potrebbe essere divertente andare al concerto insieme! – fare una richiesta in modo più formale rispetto a can. Could you do me a favour, please? Potresti farmi un favore?
may/might • I modali may e might corrispondono al verbo “potere” in italiano. • Si usa may per esprimere: – una possibilità e un’eventualità presente o futura. They may be at the party tonight. È probabile che vengano alla festa stasera. It may snow again. Potrebbe nevicare ancora. – una deduzione al presente. He’s late. He may be still at work. È in ritardo. Può darsi che sia ancora al lavoro. • Si usa might per: – esprimere una possibilità remota, meno probabile rispetto a can o may. He might ask you out tonight. Potrebbe invitarti ad uscire stasera. – chiedere o dare un permesso in modo più formale di can. May I borrow your car in the evening? Posso prendere la tua macchina in serata?
! Spesso l’eventualità espressa con may/might corrisponde in italiano all’espressione impersonale “può darsi”. You may feel terribly anxious. It’s your first date. Può darsi che tu ti senta nervosa, è il tuo primo appuntamento.
4 WORDLIST Relationships love affair to to to to
break/split up fall in love with fall out with get on (well) with
to go out with (sb) to have a crush on sb to make a date
relazione amorosa lasciarsi innamorarsi di litigare con andare d’accordo uscire con qualcuno avere una cotta per qualcuno darsi appuntamento
Feelings anxious depressed fed up furious jealous proud shy suspicious upset worried
in ansia depresso stufo arrabbiato geloso orgoglioso timido sospettoso infastidito preoccupato
Physical features attractive good-looking
attraente carino
Collocations to get better to get dressed to get the message
migliorare vestirsi capire
to get ready to get rid of to get to know sb to have a row to lose one’s temper to make things worse to take place to take revenge Others Nouns advice coin couple editor fashion government horoscope injury jail joke lifestyle magazine nurse publisher questioning race shovel star signs to be a flirt
prepararsi sbarazzarsi di conoscere qualcuno litigare perdere le staffe peggiorare le cose svolgersi vendicarsi
consiglio moneta coppia redattore moda governo oroscopo ferita prigione scherzo, barzelletta stile di vita rivista infermiera editore interrogatorio gara pala segni zodiacali fare il cascamorto
war waste of time Adjectives cloudy embarrassed freezing lonely mysterious upset Verbs to arrange to break out to disagree to to to to to to to
encourage find out injure lose make up ring show up
to take care of Adverbs especially exclusively seriously
guerra perdita di tempo nuvoloso imbarazzato gelido solo misterioso turbato, agitato organizzare scoppiare (la guerra) non essere d’accordo incoraggiare scoprire ferire perdere inventare squillare comparire, mettere in imbarazzo prendersi cura di soprattutto esclusivamente seriamente
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4
Grammar and Vocabulary Practice Grammar
Modal verbs in the past
may/might/could/must for possibility
Write sentences for each situation using the words in brackets.
1
Match the sentences halves.
1 There are a lot of clouds, 2 I’m a bit tired so 3 If you’re sneezing 4 Danny is shouting, 5 I’m not sure where Jim is, but 6 Susan likes drawing, 7 I haven’t got her phone number but a she might have some paper. b he may be at school. c I might go and lie down. 1 d it might rain. e he must be really angry. f you could have a cold. g Sarah could have it.
2
Complete the sentences with a phrase from the box. must be very upset must be twins could be Sally’s might still have some bread might have his mobile phone with him must be very good at it might know the answer may still be there may know someone who can
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1 This umbrella isn’t mine! It _______________ could be Sally’s . 2 I don’t know why Diana is crying but she _______________ . 3 Peter’s on holiday and away from his computer but he _______________ . 4 I can’t help you with this, but my brother _______________ . 5 They look identical, they _______________ . 6 Daniel studies music every day, he _______________ . 7 I’m going to the baker’s. I know it’s late, but they _______________ . 8 Why don’t we ask Simon for help with this question? He _______________ . 9 Let me check in the office, the boss _______________ .
3
1 He isn’t in his office. (must / leave) He must have left. 2 Sarah hasn’t got her geography book. (might / lose) _________________________________________ 3 Vicky isn’t at home. (could / go to Kerry’s house) _________________________________________ 4 I can’t find the house keys. (can’t / leave them in the car) _________________________________________ 5 That isn’t Wendy’s bike. (must / borrow another one) _________________________________________ 6 He didn’t invite Terry to the party. (might / thought she was busy) _________________________________________ 7 Martin didn’t eat anything at the dinner. (must / already eat) _________________________________________ 8 The car is stopping! (may / run out of petrol) _________________________________________ 9 Why did you go out without a coat? (It / could / get really cold) _________________________________________
4
Underline the correct word in the sentences.
1 I can’t believe she did that by herself. She must have ask / asked for help. 2 I haven’t heard from Rob, he must have forgotten / forgot to call. 3 Pete is really late, he might have / has got lost. 4 They can’t have finished / finishing the sandwiches, I told them to leave some for us! 5 There was a lot of noise, they might not have hear / heard everything. 6 We’re a bit late, the train may already has / have left. 7 I think we could have got / getting lost without the GPS navigator.
Vocabulary Relationships 5
Underline the correct word in the sentences.
1 They’re always arguing, I don’t think they get on / break up very well. 2 I heard Peter and Maria have flirted / split up, what a pity! 3 Sorry, I can’t come to the cinema tomorrow, I have a crush on / ’ve made a date with Jonathan. 4 I think Stewart really likes Helen, he flirts / makes a date with her all the time. 5 Can you help me choose a top? I’m going on a date / flirting with Mark this evening! 6 Do you realise you turn red every time William walks past? You must really fancy / split up with him! 7 I’ve got a real problem. I think Kevin has a crush on / gets on with me, but I really like his brother, not him.
6
Complete the dialogue with the words in the box. split up make a date going on a date flirt fancies has a crush break up
Sarah Hi Helen, have you heard that Ruth and Kevin have (1) ________ split up ? Helen You’re kidding! At last! Kevin is finally free. Sarah Ehm, I’m not so sure about that. Helen What do you mean? He can’t have a new girlfriend already! Listen, I’m going to call him and (2) ____________ with him to do something, perhaps the cinema or a concert. And we’ll see what happens! Sarah Eh, you know, Helen, there are lots of reasons why two people can (3) ____________. For example, perhaps the boy likes to (4) ____________ with another girl. Perhaps the boy actually (5) ____________ another girl. Helen Yeah, perhaps Kevin (6) ____________ on me! Sarah Oh dear, you just don’t understand. I’m (7) ____________ this evening. Guess who with. Helen No! With Kevin? Sarah, how could you? Aagghh!
4
get 7
P Choose the correct synonym for get in each sentence, a, b or c.
1 My sister gets loads of text messages every day. a receives b buys c does
2 What do you think of my new earrings? My sister got them for me in Glasgow. a received b understood c bought
3 Do you get the message or do I have to tell you again? a buy b receive c understand
4 Could you go to the supermarket and get some bread for me? a understand b buy c do
5 I have to try to get on with Marie, she’s going out with my best friend. a understand b have a good relationship c receive
8
Underline six verbs in the email that you can exchange for an expression with get.
1 did you get up to 2 ________________ 3 ________________
4 ________________ 5 ________________ 6 ________________
Hi Bill! How are things with you? What did you do last weekend? I’ve had a lot of homework recently so I stayed at home to study. I’m also studying guitar a lot, I practice every day. My parents are really happy about it and my mum says I can receive a new guitar for my birthday. I really want an electric one, I hope she understands and buys one for me! I’m still seeing Hannah, she’s really nice. I have a good relationship with her family. Her mum thinks I’m great, hooray! I go to her house twice a week after school and then we buy pizza for dinner. Hope to hear from you soon! Michael
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4
English in Context 1
Underline the correct modal verb in the sentences.
3
Complete the dialogue with the correct form of the verbs given.
Zoe Where is Nada from? Ben I think she (1) must / can’t be from Croatia. Zoe She (2) mustn’t / can’t be Croatian. She’s got a German accent. Ben Well, her mum (3) may / can’t be German and her dad (4) can’t / could be Croatian! Zoe That’s possible, or both her parents (5) might / must have been born in Croatia and she (6) could / must have been born in Germany. Ben This is silly! Why don’t we just ask her where she’s from?
2
Complete the dialogue with the words given and may/might/could/must/can’t + have + past participle. More than one answer may be possible. Dad Paul Dad Paul Dad Paul Dad
Where’s Jenny? (1) She / be in the garden. She might be in the garden. She’s not there. I’ve looked. (2) She / be / at Anna’s house. _____________________________________ I’ve just called. She’s not there. (3) She / go shopping with mum. _____________________________________ No she hasn’t. I’ve spoken to your mum. I’m worried! Paul Don’t worry. (4) She / go to the gym or something. _____________________________________ Dad It’s Thursday today, so (5) she / go to the gym. _____________________________________ She goes to the gym on Mondays. Paul I know where she is. (6) She / be at the swimming pool! _____________________________________ She goes swimming on Thursdays.
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Laura I can’t find my mobile. Oh, no! Marco Look in your bag, it (1) ________ might be in there. (might / be) Laura I’ve looked. It’s not there. Marco It (2) ____________ in the house somewhere. (must / be) I’ll call you on mine… Laura Yeah, we (3) ____________ it. (might / hear) (later) Marco …so, it’s not in the house. Laura I (4) ____________ , so we can’t hear it. (may / switch it off) Marco Or you (5) ____________ it on the bus. (might / leave) Laura On the bus? I (6) ____________ it on the bus. (can’t / leave) Marco Why not? Laura Because I used it in the bar, afterwards. Marco Yeah, you’re right. You (7) ____________ it there. (must / leave) Laura We could go back and get it. It (8) ____________ there. (might / still / be) Marco No, I don’t think so, someone (9) ____________ it. (must / find)
4
Complete the mini dialogues with the correct form of get and words from the box. my jacket a pizza ready a fantastic up to on with (x2) us tickets a lot of presents the message
1 A Did you ___________________ get a lot of presents for your birthday? B Yes, and I ____________ new play station.
2 A What did you ____________ last night? B Luke ____________ for the match!
3 A Paola’s really upset, she’s just ____________ that Ken wants to split up with her. B I’m not surprised, she never ____________ his friends.
4 A We’re late. You have to ____________ ! B OK. Can you ____________ for me? It’s in the wardrobe.
5 A I’m fed up going to restaurants all the time. B OK, let’s ____________ and stay at home.
6 A Does Ella ____________ Jenny? B Not really. They’re always arguing!
5
Complete the dialogue with the correct form of the verbs in the box. flirt fall out have a crush
Carla Nicola Carla Nicola Carla Nicola Carla Nicola Carla Nicola
Sum up! 8
fancy split up have a row go out make up be upset
Oliver and Ruby (1) __________ had a row at Jed’s party the other night. Oh, they’re always (2) _____________ . Well this time it’s serious. They (3) _____________ ! You’re kidding! What happened? Well, apparently they went to Jed’s birthday party and Ruby started (4) _____________ with Tom. Oh no! She (5) _____________ on Tom for months. Well, it seems he (6) _____________ her too. Oliver was really angry. He must (7) _____________ . He really loves Ruby. Actually, she loves Oliver too. She doesn’t want to (8) _____________ with Tom. She was just silly. They should just (9) _____________ then!
6
Match the verbs with their Italian translations.
1 make up 2 make something up 3 show someone up 4 show up 5 split up
Are you going to the concert? might not go. I feel a bit tired I (1) __________ and I’ve got a terrible headache. I think I (2) _____________ a temperature too! But it’s next Sunday! Remember I (3) _____________ ! Sorry, I forgot. You can’t (4) _____________ . Anna’s playing in the orchestra. Ethan I (5) _____________ babysit. Lucy You’re (6) _____________ , you never babysit. Ethan OK, how long do you think it will be? Lucy It (7) _____________ an hour or even two hours. Ethan Two hours. Oh no. I’m not very keen on classical music. Lucy OK. I (8) _____________ you really don’t want to go.
9
Underline the correct words to complete the email.
Dear Sandy, I called you last night, but you must (1) be / have been out. I was calling to say I might (2) be / have been a bit late next Sunday. I (3) might / can’t go to my grandparents’ home. Lucy might (4) have told / told you that we’ve (5) split up / made a date. We haven’t been (6) getting / got on because I think she might (7) have a crush / fancy Grant. Anyway, that new girl at school, Jane, is always (8) flirting / fancying with me, I might (9) make a date / get on with her. I must (10) go / to go now. See you on Sunday!
Complete the dialogue with the correct form of the verbs in exercise 6.
Lucy Ethan Lucy Ethan Lucy
comparire far fare una brutta figura inventare qualcosa fare pace lasciarsi
’ve split up with Ruby. I’m Nicola I heard you (1) __________ really sorry. Oliver Yes, well she really (2) _____________ (me) at the party last week. She (3) _____________ with Tom, her ex. Nicola She says she’s sorry. She only brought him to make you jealous because you’ve been flirting with Anne recently. Oliver I don’t believe you. You (4) _____________ (it)! Nicola I’m not. It’s true. She’s really upset. She wants to (5) _____________ .
Complete the dialogue with words from the box. get the message might have might not got us tickets could be have forgotten might have to making that up
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Translate!
10 Translate these sentences into English.
1 Fa freddo, potrebbe nevicare domani. 2 Perché non sei andato alla festa? Paolo deve essere dispiaciuto. 3 Vado molto d’accordo con mia madre. 4 Quanti anni ha la tua insegnante? Non lo so, potrebbe avere trent’anni. 5 Non trovo il mio telefono. Devo averlo lasciato a scuola. 6 Anna non è a casa. Deve essere andata al lavoro.
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Vocabulary Builder Multi-word verbs with get
1 Look at the multi-word verbs with get and use a dictionary to match them to their meanings.
1 get 2 get 3 get 4 get 5 get 6 get 7 get
hold of something rid of something up to something down to something out of (doing) something over something round something
1 a grasp, grip something b recover from something c overcome an obstacle d to throw something away e to do something which is not really permitted f to avoid doing something g to start working seriously on something
2 Complete the sentence with a multi-word verb from exercise 1.
1 Quick, __________ get hold of the dog, it might run away. 2 I really hate cooking, I’d do anything to ____________ it. 3 There’s too much stuff in your room, ____________ the things you don’t need. 4 I ____________ the problem of the noise from my electric guitar by using headphones. 5 I haven’t done anything for my history project, I think it’s time I ____________ it. 6 What are you ____________ in my room? I told you to stay out! 7 When Cathy and Mike split up he was fine, but she took six months to ____________ it.
Multi-word verbs: relationships Un altro modo utile per imparare i multi-word verbs consiste nel raggrupparli in famiglie lessicali sulla base di un tema comune. Analogamente, possono essere suddivisi per coppie di opposti (antonimi).
3 Look at the multi-word verbs in the box and match the four pairs of opposites. Use a dictionary to help you.
4 Underline the correct verb in each sentence.
1 Pete’s fallen out / made up with his mum, they’re both really angry about something. 2 Graham is really happy now that he’s going out / breaking up with Karen, he’s fancied her for ages. 3 I’m sorry, I really get on with / can’t stand Jenny. If you invite her to the party, I’m not coming. 4 They had a lot of problems, but in the end their relationship worked out / broke down, and they’ve been together for ten years now.
5 Now use the four verbs you didn’t choose in exercise 4 to complete these sentences.
1 They just didn’t have the same ideas about the project and their partnership ____________ . 2 I’m really happy that you two ____________ . It seemed such a silly argument to me. 3 I ____________ my music teacher pretty well, she’s invited me to join her private music group. 4 I think they’re ____________ because Jen always wants to go out with friends in a group, but Darren always wants to be alone with her. They just can’t agree.
Word families: relationships Un altro modo per imparare delle parole nuove consiste nel legare nuovi vocaboli ad una famiglia lessicale avente un tema comune. Ad esempio: relationship (sostantivo) rapporto con qualcuno relative/relation (sostantivo) persone della stessa famiglia to relate to someone (verbo) capire qualcuno to be related to someone (verbo) appartenere alla famiglia di qualcuno
6 Complete this table using your dictionary.
Put an X if there is no word in the category. Noun
Verb
Adjective
relationship/ relative/relation
to relate to to be related to
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argument friendly
fall out (with) get on (with) make up (with) can’t stand go out (with) work out break up (with) break down
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1 fall out (with) / make up (with) 2 _________________________________________ 3 _________________________________________ 4 _________________________________________
to row help likeable anger
Skills Reading 1
Read the essay on Wuthering Heights. What’s the name of Heathcliff’s wife?
My favourite love story Wuthering Heights is one of the greatest love stories ever. It’s a book about passion and revenge. It was the only book by the English author Emily Brontë (1818-1848). One day Mr Earnshaw, who lives in a big house on the Yorkshire Moors, comes home with a sevenyear-old orphan boy he has found on the streets of Liverpool. He adopts him and calls him Heathcliff. He already has two children, his son Hindley, fourteen, and his daughter Cathy (Catherine), six. Hindley is jealous and hates Heathcliff, but Cathy and Heathcliff get on really well. Heathcliff becomes Mr Earnshaw’s favourite and when he dies, his son Hindley gets his revenge. Heathcliff has to work as a servant and sleep in the stables. Catherine and Heathcliff continue to be close, and they secretly meet in their favourite place on the moors. Things change when Cathy meets her rich neighbours, the Lintons. She wants to be like them and begins to look at Heathcliff differently because he is poor and uncultured. Edgar Linton is polite and well educated and dresses very smartly. Heathcliff is rude and untidy. Cathy sees more of Edgar Linton and she spends less time with Heathcliff. One day he hears Cathy telling her maid Ellen that Heathcliff embarrasses her. Heathcliff runs away and travels the world. While he is gone Edgar Linton asks Cathy to marry him because he is in love with her. She agrees, though she isn’t in love with him. When Heathcliff comes back, three years later, he is a rich, sophisticated man, but it is too late. He hears about Cathy’s marriage and he has a row with her and decides to take revenge on Edgar Linton. Linton’s sister Isabella, who is eighteen, has a crush on Heathcliff. He can’t stand her, but he pretends he likes her and he starts going out with her. Edgar tries to stop his sister from seeing him but they get married in secret. Cathy becomes ill and dies and Heathcliff never gets over it. A few years later he dies and he is buried next to Cathy.
2 Reread the story and find the English words for these words (write the infinitive of the verbs).
1 odiare 2 andare d’accordo 3 litigare 4 far fare una brutta figura 5 essere innamorato 6 avere una cotta
hate ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________
3 Write the correct name to complete the sentences.
Mr Earnshaw adopts a child. 1 ____________ 2 ____________ doesn’t like Heathcliff. 3 ____________ works with horses. 4 ____________ marries Edgar. 5 ____________ is polite and elegant. 6 ____________ makes a lot of money. 7 ____________ fancies Heathcliff. 8 ____________ doesn’t want Isabella to go out with Heathcliff.
Writing 4
Write six sentences about the relationships between: Hindley and Heathcliff; Cathy and Heathcliff; Edgar and Cathy; Heathcliff and Isabella. Use love, hate/can’t stand, get on, in love, fancy, have a crush on.
Listening 5
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P Listen and write T (true) or F (false).
1 1 Rosa has lost her watch. 2 Max has already looked in the kitchen. 3 Max finds his watch on the sofa.
2 1 Jamie is looking for Charlie. ___ 2 Charlie is at work. ___ 3 Jamie thinks Charlie is sleeping. ___ 4 Lisa tells Jamie to call Charlie at lunchtime. ___
___ ___ ___
Yorkshire Moors: le brughiere dello Yorkshire stables: stalle maid: cameriera get over: superare buried: sepolto
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