Step-by-step teaching notes, tips and background notes on cultural issues Wide offer of photocopiable testing materials Editable tests in the Multi-ROM Test Maker FLIP BOOK An interactive, IWB-compatible version of the Coursebook containing all recordings, links, reference materials and extras Course components Student’s Book Workbook with Audio CD Teacher’s Resource Pack Class Audio CDs Multi-ROM Test Maker Teacher’s FLIP BOOK Flash on English Online Resources
UPPER INTERMEDIATE STUDENT ’S BOOK
For the Teacher
FL ASH on English
Clearly-structured units Double linguistic input in each unit Focus on authentic real-world language Clearly structured grammar presentations Extensive recycling and review of language Exploitation of different learning styles and mixed-ability features Culture, CLIL and Literature lessons in every unit Graded and practical study-skills guide Grammar reinforcement with extensive explanations and practice in the Workbook
L. Prodromou with P. Prodromou
FLASH on English is a motivating, easy-to-use, four-level course which takes teenage learners from Elementary through to Upper Intermediate level. The comprehensive syllabus provides thorough grammar, vocabulary and skills work, builds students’ language awareness and encourages fluency and self-confidence. The combination of printed, digital and online material enhances the learning experience and helps teachers respond to students’ needs.
Common European Framework
A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2
ONLINE RESOURCES
Welcome to Flash on English Flash on English is your new English language course. On these two pages you will find some information to help you learn to use your textbook. Flash on English contains 10 units, organised in this way: Double linguistic input Each unit opens with a first presentation text which can be in various formats (article, email, report). The second presentation offers extracts from listenings (interviews, dialogues, reports) which aim at introducing topics, activity types and listening techniques you will need at upper-intermediate level. Examples of grammatical structures and functions are presented in the Grammar and the Functions boxes, in a concise and clear form to allow the student full autonomy in carrying out the activities.
Flash Forward activities keep fast finishers busy.
The Use of English page focuses on the language knowledge structures and patterns you will need to produce written texts. It includes vocabulary and morphology activities, offering genuine practice of the Use of English paper of the First exam. The Flash on Grammar page is dedicated to presenting the grammar structures.
F Cambridge English: First
WB p. 8 refers to the correspondent exercises in the Workbook
The Flashpoint box highlights particular language structures that are commonly used.
The Flash on Skills section helps the students to develop their four language skills. Placed at the end of each unit, it alternately presents three types of text material. CULTURE Focuses on social and cultural aspects of the English-speaking world. CLIL Texts targeted to an interdisciplinary approach to language learning on contemporary topics of interest to students. LITERATURE Texts aimed at familiarising students with literary genres, in both prose and verse. Effective learning techniques and exam strategies are presented in each unit.
The main grammar items are presented schematically in the Grammar Reference at the end of the book, with information about grammar rules and extensive examples.
An extensive Writing Reference offers guidance and examples of the writing tasks you are expected to produce at B2 level: formal and informal letters, articles, essays, stories and reviews. Tasks are explained with the help of a model answer for each one.
The Language Development section focuses on and practises collocations, easily confused words and idioms you will need in conversation.
Contents Unit
1
Connect!
Grammar
Vocabulary
Functions
Present simple and continuous Present perfect simple and continuous Past simple Past continuous
Technology
Agreeing and disagreeing
Past perfect simple and continuous used to and would Adjectives ending in -ed and -ing
Feelings Relationships
Talking about feelings in the past
be going to and will for future Future continuous Present simple and continuous for future Future perfect
Entertainment
Talking about plans and intentions
Zero, first and second conditional Third conditional wish for regrets Mixed and inverted conditional
Travel and transport
Expressing regret
Modal verbs: – obligation and advice – needn’t/don’ have to – deduction Degrees of certainty
Clothes Appearance
Giving advice
Passives Impersonal passive structures Causatives
Crime Trials
Describing a crime scene
p. 8
2
Feelings
p. 16
Flashback 1-2
3
p. 24
Leisure
p. 26
4
Travel
p. 34
Flashback 3-4
5
p. 42
Fashion and Trends p. 44
6
Crime and Punishment p. 54
Flashback 5-6
4
p. 60
Language development
Use of English
Skills
Collocations and phrasal verbs
Culture – Social media
Multiple-choice cloze Key words transformations
Reading Listening Speaking Writing
A survey about teens and social media Five people talking about social media Comparing different learning methods An article about the impact social media had on our life
Verb and preposition collocations Email and spoken English
Exam strategies: Writing an article Life events Phrasal verbs with up Open cloze
CLIL – Psychology
p. 98 really
Reading A text about Abraham Maslow and his idea of self-esteem Speaking The Rosenberg test Listening A lecture about Abraham Maslow’s theory of self-actualisation Writing A brief biography p. 98
Exam strategies: Writing a narrative text
get Phrasal verbs with down Open cloze
Literature – A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man Reading Listening Speaking Writing
A passage from the book An extract from the book A conversation about your dreams for the future A personal statement to accompany an application
so Compound nouns: entertainment
Exam strategies: Letter of application Compound nouns Word building Collocations Word formation Open cloze
Word building: verbs > nouns and adjectives Phrasal verbs and expressions with keep Word formation Multiple-choice cloze Collocations: crime and trials Multiple-choice cloze
Culture – USA: the beginning Reading Listening Speaking Writing
A text about The Mayflower A radio interview An interview A diary page
p. 98 Modal verbs in conditional sentences
Exam strategies: Writing a diary page
CLIL – Natural Sciences Reading Listening Speaking Writing
Articles about organic clothing Five extracts from interviews Describing pictures An essay about organic clothing
p. 99
actually Adjectives and adverbs Vague language p. 99 Confusing words: fashion
Exam strategies: Writing an essay Literature – Oliver Twist Reading Listening Speaking Writing
A passage from the book An extract from the book A police report A book review
Exam strategies: Writing a review
p. 100 Confusing words: crime Informal English/Slang
p. 100
5
Contents Unit
7
Learning
Grammar
Vocabulary
Functions
Reported statements Reporting verbs Reporting commands and requests Prepositions followed by gerunds
Education Formal vs informal words
Reporting commands and requests
Relative clauses Relative pronouns and adverbs Prepositions in relative clauses
Money idioms
Making excuses
Inversions such, so... (that) too, very, quite, enough
Food and health The environment
Talking about problems Criticising
Verb patterns Verb + -ing Verb + to infinitive
Work and employment Jobs
Stating preferences
p. 62
8
Time is Money
p. 70
Flashback 7-8
9
p. 78
Health and the Environment p. 80
10
Work and Employment p. 88
Flashback 9-10
6
p. 96
Language development
p. 98
Word building
p. 102
Writing reference
p. 108
Grammar reference
p. 116
Phrasal verbs
p. 126
Irregular verbs
p. 130
Audioscripts
p. 132
Use of English
Skills
Language development
Collocations: get or have Common phrasal verb collocations Negative prefixes
Culture – Top universities
Introducing facts
Word formation Phrasal verbs: about money Word formation
Reading Listening Speaking Writing
Interviews with top university students Interviews with top university students Ask and answer questions about your education so far A report about education in your country
Exam strategies: Writing a report CLIL – Economics and Finance Reading Listening Speaking Writing
Texts about IMF, WTO, the World Bank Two students testing each other A discussion about the economic world crisis A fact file about an important international institution
p. 100 which Colloquial English
Exam strategies: Writing a fact file
Compound nouns Word building: -ful and -less Word building Suffixes Word formation Open cloze Collocations Prepositional phrases Open cloze
Literature – Life stories Reading Listening Speaking Writing
p. 101
Food idioms
Book summaries: Eat, Pray, Love and the Adrian Mole series People talking about why they liked a book Talking about books you liked A story
Exam strategies: Writing a story Culture – Human migration Reading Listening Speaking Writing
p. 101 Work idioms
Articles about human migration People talking about moving to a new country Comparing photographs An email
Exam strategies: Writing an email
p. 101
7
1
Connect! A day in the life of a digital native
1 How many hours a day do you do the following?
1 texting 2 blogging
3 sending emails 4 being on Facebook
2
1.02 Listen and read the text quickly. Then answer these questions.
1 How many hours do teens spend playing computer games? 2 What can digital natives remember easily? 3 What is Martha’s problem?
3 F
Terri Thomson lives in a digital world: every day, she texts her friends from a television control box, she finds songs on the radio with her mobile phone, she downloads photos from her phone directly onto her blog and she can video-call a television chat show from her mobile phone and participate live in the programme. She uses 12 technology services every day; so her parents have a big bill. Terri is a digital native; she has been using digital devices since her childhood. For digital natives like Terri, ‘digital’ is their first language. Digital natives have grown up with technology, and so they have IT their fingertips. According to a recent survey, in their teens, digital natives usually spend about 100,000 hours playing computer games, they send and receive 250,000 emails and they spend 10,000 hours on a mobile phone. In contrast, they spend only 9,000 hours in school (many teens do not take part in lessons, unless the lessons have something to do with sport). How is digital technology changing teens’ brains? The latest research shows that digital natives can recall 90% of images days after seeing them, despite only seeing them for a few seconds. In fact, the eye ‘reads’ images much faster
Read the sentences and choose the best option A, B or C.
1 According to the text, Terri’s use of digital technology is... A scientific. B realistic. C expensive. 2 According to the text, at school, teenagers... A spend a lot of time with digital devices. B only pay attention in the technology class. C are not motivated by classroom lessons. 3 We have evidence that digital natives... A have better memories than other people. B remember words better than pictures. C pay less attention to content than to visuals. 4 What is the aim of marketing experts? A To sell more goods to teenagers. B To understand how the web works. C To increase internet advertising.
GRAMMAR
Find more examples of the Present simple and the Present continuous in the text. Underline them. Grammar reference p. 116
Present simple and continuous
5 Which of the following define the way digital natives behave? A They like slow explanations. B They talk to more than one person at once. C They lose interest quickly.
Every day, she texts her friends. Right now, I’m writing this message on my iPad.
6 In the last paragraph, the expression ‘at my fingertips’ emphasises that something is... A easy. B pleasant. C normal.
FLASH FORWARD Read the text again. Underline the things that describe you and your life. Compare with a partner.
8
4 Underline the correct tense. 1 I talk/’m talking on my mobile; can you open the door for me, please? 2 I am always beginning/always begin the day by checking my emails. 3 At the moment, I’m learning/learn to use PowerPoint. 4 Do you use/Are you using a lot of digital devices normally?
1
Vocabulary: Technology than text; moreover, digital natives often ignore content, unless colours catch their attention. Advertisers are working out a way to use the Internet with teens; they want to use internet marketing to meet the needs of young consumers. Digital teens: need speed in information flow; look at images and information at the same time; enjoy hyper-linking; get bored following step-by-step processes; network simultaneously with many people; don’t want loads of information; prefer instant pleasure and instant reward; filter out any information that is not necessary or fun. But digital technology has other advantages; here is what an American teen with special needs, Martha, says: ‘I have problems with physical movement – but with digital devices I’ve got everything I need at my fingertips. They’ve given me more independence. I’ve had an iPad for 3 years and now I can’t do without it. Right now, I’m writing this message on it and I’m also learning to keep a blog.’
6 Which of the following words are nouns, verbs or both? Write them in the correct column.
Internet download blog IT email text message mobile chat megabyte networking store program
Noun
Both
Verb
7 Find words in the text that have to do with digital technology, for example: she texts her friends. Add them to the table.
8 Complete the sentences with words from exercise 6.
1 Do you know it’s illegal to ___________ films from the Internet? 2 Do you often have online ___________ with friends? 3 Do you keep your ___________ near your pillow when you’re sleeping? 4 Have you sent any ___________ on your mobile today? If so, who did you send them to? 5 Do you have ___________ classes at school? 6 Do you belong to any social ___________ sites?
Say it!
9 Work in pairs. Ask the questions in exercise 8
GRAMMAR
and give answers which are true for you.
Present perfect simple and continuous Digital natives have grown up with technology. She has been using digital devices since her childhood. Find more examples of the Present perfect simple and the Present perfect continuous in the text. Underline them.
10 Talk to your partner about a day in your digital life. Use these questions to help you.
1 Did you grow up as a digital native? 2 How many hours a day do you spend using digital devices? 3 Which digital devices could you not do without?
Grammar reference p. 116
5 Underline the correct tense. 1 I’ve been finishing/’ve finished writing my blog – I can go out now. 2 I’ve used/’ve been using a computer since I was five. 3 She has never been paying/has never paid attention in class. 4 My grandmother has never used/has never been using a laptop.
iPhone
iPod
iPaid
iPad
9
1
I bought an amazing new ebook 1
Answer these questions with your partner.
1 What are the dangers of using the Internet? 2 How do you use digital technology at school?
3 What do you think of ebooks? 4 Can you use mobile phones in class?
2 Read these extracts and match them with the questions above. B ‘I bought an amazing new ebook a month ago, but I still read books in the old-fashioned way. I like the feel and smell of paper; ebooks are always new: they don’t smell!’
A ‘ Now guys, yesterday, while I was writing on the board, Nancy’s mobile went off and I took it off her. Let me explain. We’ve decided to ban mobile phones at all times while you are in the school buildings.’
C ‘We were having the usual boring lesson yesterday, when the teacher switched on the new IWB. I enjoyed getting up and going to the board: I touched the whiteboard with my finger and we all wanted to play with it, you know, to have a go.’
3
1.03 Listen to four people talking about new technologies and write T (true) or F (false).
D ‘Well, to tell the truth, the thing that really put me off the Internet was security. Once I was writing a very personal mail to a friend when I realised: someone might be reading it – a hacker, I mean. I was shocked!’
1 Nancy lost her mobile phone at school. ___ 2 The school rules say pupils must never bring mobile phones to school. ___ 3 Speaker B likes ebooks because they don’t smell. ___ 4 In the interactive whiteboard lesson there were technical problems. ___ 5 The students had a good time using the whiteboard. ___ 6 Speaker D doesn’t trust electronic communication. ___
4 Find the word or phrase in the extracts which means the following.
1 2 3 4
to try to forbid not modern to suddenly understand
__________ __________ __________ __________
FLASH FORWARD How many digital devices do you have with you now/at home? Make a list. Do you really need them? How would you feel without them?
10
1 FUNCTIONS
GRAMMAR
Agreeing
Past continuous
Yes, you’re right. That’s right. I agree (absolutely). I (totally) agree. Yes, I see what you mean. I couldn’t agree more.
While I was writing on the board, Nancy’s mobile went off. What were you doing there when your best friend came along? We weren’t having an interesting lesson yesterday until the teacher switched on the IWB.
Disagreeing Do you think so? I’m not sure. I disagree. I don’t agree with you. That’s not true. That’s not totally/always true.
Find more examples of the Past continuous in the extracts. Underline them.
Say it!
Grammar reference p. 117
5 In pairs, say whether or not you agree with
8 Complete these sentences with the Past
the following statements. Why?/Why not?
1 An ebook is better than a real book. 2 Pupils should be allowed to use mobiles in class. 3 Downloading films from the Internet without paying is OK. 4 Social media is for people without real friends.
simple and continuous using the words in brackets.
Vocabulary: Computer words
6
Which is the odd one out? Underline it.
1 link, clip, shelf, website 2 site, flat, mobile, hack 3 virus, email, network, building 4 noisy, digital, browser, download 5 online, download, smell, voicemail
1 Yesterday I ________ (take) my ebook to the beach. 2 I ________ (lie) on the beach reading an ebook, when my friend ________ (turn) up. 3 We ________ (download) songs from the Net when there ________ (be) a blackout. 4 It was a lovely day, the sun ________ (shine) so we ________ (decide) to go for a walk. 5 She ________ (watch) a soap opera while I _______ (do) the washing up. I was so angry. 6 My computer ________ (always break) down and so I ________ (waste) a lot of time.
Write it! 9 F
GRAMMAR
Write a reply to the email in exercise 7 following these guidelines.
Past simple I bought an amazing new ebook a month ago. I didn’t carry a single book. Did you have your mobile with you yesterday? Find more examples of the Past simple in the extracts. Underline them. Grammar reference p. 117
7 Read this email message and find examples of
1 Greet your friend and say it was great to hear from her. Tell her what you were doing when you received her email. 2 Thank your friend for the links she sent you. 3 Tell her your reaction to the sites. Did you like them? 4 Conclude your message and say goodbye.
Write your answer in 120-150 words.
the Past simple.
Critical thinking Hi, this is Isabella here. Hey, do you remember that website you told me about, the one you said had some really funny clips from TV programmes? Didn’t you say it was ‘The Funniest Interview’ or something? Anyway, I googled it and came across some other sites that are really great. Well, I thought they were really hilarious – so I’m sending you the links to those sites; have a look and tell me what you think, OK? See you!
10 Work in pairs and discuss the following topics.
1 Thousands of people waited for hours outside Apple stores for the new iPhone5 in September 2012. Do you think it was worth the wait? 2 It is estimated that the number of mobileconnected devices will have exceeded the number of people on earth by the end of 2013. What can you deduct from this statement?
11
1
Use of English Collocations
Phrasal verbs A phrasal verb consists of a verb and a preposition or adverb that modifies or changes the meaning of the verb. The IWB broke down a couple of times. I googled it and came across some other sites. I have had an iPad for three years and now I can’t do without it. The thing that really put me off the Internet was security. You must switch your mobiles on/off. Advertisers are busy working out a way to use the Internet.
Collocation is the natural way words go together. Verb and noun I do homework but I make a mistake. These verbs and nouns go together: ban drugs, smoking; cause problems, an accident; reach a destination, a place; start the car, a family; tell the truth, a story.
1
Underline the correct word.
1 Who does/makes the most housework in your family? 2 Can you do/make a pizza? 3 Have you ever told/said a lie? 4 Do you know what causes/makes earthquakes? 5 Would you ban/obstruct mobiles on trains? 6 The car’s not working: the engine won’t start/ begin.
Verb and preposition Teens look at images on the screen. I never listen to classical music. Talk about a day in your digital life.
4 Write the corresponding phrasal verb.
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words including the word given. Here is an example.
Language development p. 98
2 Complete with the correct preposition.
1 What are you looking ______? 2 What do you talk ______ on the phone? 3 What household duties are you responsible ___? 4 What digital devices are you keen ______? 5 What music do you like listening ______?
3 F
Do mobiles help cheats? Decide which answer best fits each gap (A, B, C or D).
Mobile phones, apart (1) ____ being important status symbols among teens, are useful when pupils want to cheat in exams. Many parents are (2) ____ on their children carrying mobile phones with them when they go (3) ____ in case there’s an emergency; but for teachers, mobile phones anywhere on school premises can (4) ____ problems, in addition (5) ____ the cheating threat. While mobile phones may not be responsible (6) ____ cheating, some teachers believe they have a negative effect. While there are kids with expensive phones, there are other children with less trendy models, creating a form of discrimination. 1 A for 2 A fond 3 A off 4 A make 5 A to 6 A for 12
B B B B B B
from happy on do with at
C C C C C C
to enthusiastic out cause of in
look for a solution _________________________ the opposite of turn on _____________________ live successfully without something __________ stop working ______________________________ find by accident ___________________________ make someone not like something ___________
5 F
Adjective + preposition I am very keen on Italian cuisine. She is responsible for looking after the children.
1 2 3 4 5 6
D D D D D D
with keen for begin from with
0 I learnt a lot about computers by just trying things out. UP I picked up a lot about computers by just trying things out. 1 The thing I don’t like about using email is all the junk mail. PUT The thing that ___________ using email is the spam. 2 Look, I’ve found this really brilliant website. Do you want the link? ACROSS Look, I ___________ this brilliant website. Do you want the link? 3 My mum grew up in a house where there were no computers. BROUGHT My mum ___________ a house where there were no computers. 4 I don’t understand how this program works. OUT I can’t ___________ how to use this program. 5 I really need to have my laptop with me when I travel. DO I ___________ my laptop when travelling.
Flash on Grammar Present simple and continuous
1 Complete these sentences using the verbs in
Past simple vs Present perfect
5 Underline the correct tense.
brackets.
1 I always ____________ (switch off) my mobile when I’m in class. 2 I ____________ (switch off) the computer now. 3 They usually ____________ (get up) early and immediately turn on their computers. 4 A Where are you? B I ____________ (wait) for you outside the cinema! 5 She ____________ (stay) in her friend’s house for the summer. 6 If I don’t know a word I ____________ (just/ google) it.
Past simple and continuous
6 Complete these sentences using the words in
2 Read the answers first and then write the
brackets.
questions using the prompts given. 1 talk on mobile A _______________________________________ B No, I am not. 2 your brother / surf / Net / every afternoon A _______________________________________ B No, he does his homework. 3 snow / in Paris A _______________________________________ B Yes, everything’s white. 4 study / Chinese A _______________________________________ B I want to learn it, that’s why!
1 Yesterday, I wrote/have written down the name of a website, but I can’t find it anywhere. 2 My laptop broke down/has broken down again. 3 I have had/had an iPad for 3 years and I use it every day. 4 I learnt/have learnt to use a computer when I was at school. 5 I worked/have worked very hard when I was a pupil. 6 Last night, we downloaded/have downloaded a video clip.
1 We ___________ (chat) online when mum ___________ (tell) us to go to bed. 2 I ___________ (watch) TV when the earthquake ___________ (take) place. What ___________ (you/do)? 3 The sun ___________ (shine) so we ___________ (decide) to go for coffee. 4 Why ___________ (you/run) away when the police officer ___________ (arrive)? ___________ (try) to hide something? 5 I ___________ (not steal) anything from the shop; I ___________ (look) for a new laptop.
WB p. 6
Present perfect simple and continuous
3 Complete the sentences using the words in brackets.
1 How long ________ (you/know) how to use a computer? 2 I ________ (learn) Japanese but I still don’t know much. 3 We can go out now because I ________ (finish) the work I was doing. 4 Do you know how long I ________ (stand) here waiting for you? 5 ____________ (you/visit) those sites I recommended? 6 She ________ (write) a book for years and she still ________ (not finish).
4 In pairs, ask and answer questions with ever
and never. 1 eat / snails? 2 play / rugby? 3 go / London? 4 find / money?
5 meet / famous person? 6 sleep / friend’s house? 7 read / an ebook? 8 anybody / steal / your mobile?
WB p. 7
Round up!
7 Complete this email with the most suitable verb tense.
break write (x 2) sit enjoy be visit study stay live bring
Hi Helen, I (1) _________ this message from an internet café in Rome. I (2) _________ here for hours checking my emails. I (3) _________ my laptop with me to Italy but it (4) _________ down yesterday, which is really annoying! I (5) _________ with a friend near the pyramid in San Paolo. My friend (6) _________ near the cemetery where Keats is buried. Remember Keats? He (7) _________ that lovely poem about Autumn that we (8) _________ at school. A couple of days ago we (9) _________ the place and it was very moving. I (10) _________ here for a almost a week now and I (11) _________ every minute of it. It really is the most beautiful city in the world.
WB p. 6 13
1
1
Flash on Skills Social Media Before you read
1 Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Why?/Why not?
1 Networking sites give teens the freedom to express themselves. 2 Social media is a good way to spend our free time. 3 Networking sites teach you about other people’s problems. 4 Social media is useful when we are doing our lessons.
SOCIAL
MEDIA E XPLAIN
ED
= I’m eati ng a donu t = I like d onuts =h ere I am , eating a donut
Reading
2 Read the text. Does the writer agree or disagree with these opinions? A new survey reveals that a quarter of teens log on to their favourite social media sites ten or more times each day. So, what kind of an impact is social media having on today’s youth?
N
ew technologies have brought important changes in the lives of today’s teenagers in the UK. First of all, a teen social networking site gives today’s teenagers the freedom to express themselves and show the world who they really are. 1 These sites allow teenagers to write about their lives and their experiences and share them with the world. Secondly, a teen social networking site allows teenagers to connect with people of their own age. They realise that what other teenagers term as ‘weird’ may not be so weird in other places. In general, social networking sites provide teenagers with an enjoyable way of spending their free time. For 65% per cent of the 16-24 year-olds, talking to their friends via Facebook and Twitter, is their number one leisure activity. They don’t have the places or the time to hang out like their parents did. 2 But it’s not all about having fun. More than half of teens (55%) say social media sites like Facebook and Twitter have
3 F
Four sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A-E the one which best fits each gap. There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.
14
A Thus, social media helps us to help others less fortunate than ourselves. B Social media allows them to have time to reconnect. C Parents worry about how their kids are using social media. D Strangers may get access to this sensitive data. E This can be done through blogging or through a personal web page.
made them wake up to the needs of others. For example, thousands of teens go hungry as part of campaigns to raise funds to help people who are starving. 3 Teenagers also use the Internet to help them with homework; in such cases, they spend at least three hours a week searching for useful information. In short, teen social networking sites give teenagers the opportunity to be the person they want the world to know. They can begin a new life in cyberspace. But we should bear in mind the dangers of social networking. For example: teens sometimes post texts or photos online that they later regret; private information could include their address, phone number or when the family will be taking a long vacation; 4 Then there’s time: 22% of teens say they check their sites more than ten times a day! There is also the risk of bullying and making fun of others. It is easier to take risks and misbehave online than it is in real life!
Listening 4
1.04 Listen to five people who read the article above; which speakers like/dislike social media?
5
1.04 F Listen again. Choose from the list A-E what each speaker says about social media.
A Teens work very hard. B People should read more books. C Social media is a good leisure time activity. D This person is interested in what’s happening in the world. E School subjects are easier.
Speaker 1 Speaker 2
Speaker 3 Speaker 4
Speaker 5
Culture Speaking 6
In pairs, discuss these questions.
1 What is your response to the reading text? Do you agree or disagree? 2 Why is social media important to you? 3 How has it changed you or your life?
A
7 F
Look at the photos A and B. They represent different ways of learning at school. Talk to each other about why it might be important to do these different activities. Then decide the advantages and disadvantages. Finally, say which you prefer and why.
A I think it’s more fun using computers in class. B I don’t agree. I prefer working with other students.
Writing
8 Read the magazine article in exercise 2 again
B
9 F
You have seen this announcement in an international teen magazine.
and do these tasks.
1 Find words or phrases that have to do with digital social media, for example log on to, etc. 2 Which two tenses are used a lot? 3 Choose the best title for the reading text from: a Social media: its impact on UK teens b Social media: good or bad? c Social media: what does it mean to teens? 4 How many paragraphs are there? 5 Find examples of connectors, for example first of all, etc. 6 Find examples of colourful language, for example to expand their horizons.
EXAM STRATEGIES When writing an article, the aim is to interest the reader in your opinions. You should demonstrate that you can do the following: use grammar and vocabulary fairly accurately but above all have the ability to get your message across describe, narrate, express opinions, say you agree or disagree use colourful language How to prepare? read magazines in English note the layout of articles practise using paragraphs note the use of catchy titles
Co mp eti tio n: the 21st centur y tee
nag
er What impact has social media had on your life and that of your friends? Entertainment? Information? Social life? Exploration? You decide! The best article will be published in next month’s magazine.
Write your answer in an appropriate style. Use 120-180 words. Before you begin:
1 Make notes on your ideas. 2 Work with a partner and discuss these questions: a What uses do you/your friends make of social media? b Give an example of: fun uses of social media; something useful you have learnt from social media; new friends you have made on social media. 3 Use this plan. Paragraph 1: what social media is and how it has in general changed people’s lives, for good or bad. Paragraph 2: the use you and your friends make of social media and how frequently. Paragraph 3: how social media has changed the way you live (choose from entertainment, education, social life). Paragraph 4: finally, in short, sum up your view of social media and restate what the main impact it has had on you and your friends.
15
1
2
Feelings Feeling sorry for yourself?
1 Imagine yourself in the position of the people in the photos. How does that make you feel?
excited afraid nervous embarrassed angry proud depressed
2
1.05 Listen and read this extract from an interview with a teacher and answer the questions.
1 Which of the situations above does the text mention? 2 What is unusual about John?
A
B
I’ve been teaching for about 25 years now and one thing I have learnt is this: a good teacher is always ready to learn. About 10 years ago, I was teaching students with learning difficulties in a school in Bristol. My classroom had become famous in the school as I had got a reputation for success by encouraging students to believe in themselves. One day, the head told me that a trainee teacher had arrived in school and had asked to observe my classes. As we were going to meet John, the head told me that the student was disabled. As John was approaching, I noticed that he had prosthetic legs – and he had no hands. At first, I felt nervous but John’s friendly eye contact made me feel relaxed and created a warmth and respect between us. I had prepared my pupils for John’s visit – I had told them that it was rude to stare, but they still felt embarrassed and could not help staring… John sat quietly in the corner and watched me teaching. He had been watching me for about half an hour, when suddenly he asked if he could show the children something on the blackboard: he took a piece of chalk between his ‘arms’ and began to write – in better blackboard writing than mine. A year later, I moved to Ireland. I’ve been living there ever since; but I once returned to Bristol for a few months to run a bookshop. After I had been back for about a week, I was opening the shop one morning when John appeared. He had heard that somebody was coming from Ireland to run the shop and had guessed it was me. ‘Have you been teaching all this time?’ I asked. He told me that he had given up teaching as it had got too difficult. ‘I’ve been doing lots of exciting things.’ ‘Like what?’ I asked. ‘Have you seen that furniture shop up the road?’ he said. ‘Oh, so you run a shop too?’ ‘No, my wife runs it. I make all the furniture!’ John hadn’t changed! Since I last saw him, he had become a furniture maker and he had taken up skiing. I was stunned. Since then every time I’ve felt sorry for myself, I’ve thought about John and his incredible life...
3 Read the statements and write T (true) or F (false). 5 Match these definitions with the words in bold. Then correct the false statements. 1 impolite ___________ 1 The writer has been teaching for ten years. ___ 2 unable to use part of the
2 A new pupil joins the writer’s class. ___ 3 John is a student with learning difficulties. ___ 4 The writer of this text is a university teacher. ___ 5 The writer and John got on well. ___ 6 John took part in the writer’s lesson. ___ 7 The writer went to Ireland for a short holiday. ___ 8 John’s new job is making furniture. ___
4 Look at the words in bold in the text: are they nouns, verbs or adjectives?
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body or brain fully 3 to give someone confidence or hope 4 the things people say about us, good or bad 5 to control or organise 6 to come closer
___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________
FLASH FORWARD Read the last paragraph again: how do you ‘cheer yourself up’? What advice do you give to friends who are ‘feeling sorry’ for themselves?
2 8 Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs below.
do not give up take part be play bring snow not see build have
NEVER GIVE UP!
C
D
GRAMMAR
How exciting! It was my first time in Switzerland. I (1) ___________ such high mountains before. The snow was one metre deep. It (2) ___________ for two whole days! The children were out in the snow: they (3) ___________ in the snow all day. They (4) ___________ a snowman and now they were throwing snowballs at each other. Some people (5) ___________ their skis with them and they were getting ready to ski. Unfortunately, I (6) ___________ an accident a couple of years before and I was now a wheelchair user. I (7) ___________ very fond of skiing since I was a teenager and I (8) _____ even ___________ in competitions. Now, I (9) ___________ anything for two whole years. It was boring, doing nothing, but I (10) ___________ the idea of taking up skiing again one day, somehow!
Past perfect simple and continuous My classroom had become famous in the school. John hadn’t changed! Had he given up teaching? He had been watching me for about half an hour. Find more examples of the Past perfect simple and the Past perfect continuous in the text. Underline them. Grammar reference p. 117
6 Complete with the Past perfect simple of the verbs in brackets.
1 I got wet in the rain because I ___________ (forget) to take an umbrella. 2 I felt excited because I ___________ (be) to Paris before! 3 ___________ (have) many girlfriends before you met me? 4 I couldn’t pay the taxi-driver because I ___________ (lose) my wallet.
7 Complete with the Past perfect continuous of the verbs in brackets.
1 I was tired: I ___________ (work) all night. 2 The film was boring: we ___________ (watch) it for a whole hour and nothing had happened. 3 I was angry because I realised you __________ (not tell) me the truth. It was a lie. 4 It ___________ (snow) all night and the roads were blocked.
Vocabulary: Feelings
9 Look at these adjectives and decide if they describe positive (P) or negative (N) feelings.
1 tired ___ 2 nervous ___ 3 exciting ___ 4 encouraging ___ 5 friendly ___ 6 relaxed ___ 7 angry ___ 8 stunned ___
9 embarrassed 10 respectful 11 rude 12 proud 13 boring 14 warm 15 amazed 16 depressed
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
FLASHPOINT I feel bored (with this book) but the book is boring. I feel excited by the film but the film is exciting.
Say it!
10 Complete these sentences with an adjective so that they are true for you. Then compare with a partner.
1 When I come home from school I feel _______. 2 A good teacher is _______. 3 I think history is _______. 4 Going to new countries is _______. 5 When people are rude to me I feel _______.
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2
Significant others 1 Read this text and make a list of ‘significant others’ in your life. Significant others are people who have changed our lives in important ways and who still have an influence on us. It may be a friend who stuck by us when we were going through a difficult time or a teacher who believed in us.
2
1.06 Listen to some people talking about the significant others in their life. Which people are they talking about?
3
1.06 F Listen again and complete the notes. I remember her because she made me feel (1) ___________. I had broken my arm when I was playing (2) ___________ and it put me off sport forever. Every Wednesday our class used to go to the local swimming baths and I remember Mrs Cooper would really encourage me to get into the water and start (3) ___________ ; that’s when she taught me how to swim.
Luke He used to work in a (4) ___________. He used to work at night and sleep during the (5) ___________. At Christmas time he always used to take us kids to the (6) ___________. He was a gentle, patient, generous man.
Susan FLASH FORWARD Read the sentences and say who they refer to. 1H e/She was hard-working and very kind. 2 He/She made me feel better when I was feeling down. 3 I learnt something really useful from him/her.
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She always used to (7) ___________ me when I did badly in tests at school. She would always support me. Once I was feeling very (8) ___________ when Helen said ‘let’s go for a pizza!’ and that really (9) _______ me up! She was always so encouraging.
Lisa
2 GRAMMAR
FUNCTIONS
used to / would
Talking about feelings in the past
He used to take us to the circus. I didn’t use to do well in tests. Did you use to play football? She would always support me.
Mrs Cooper always encouraged me. I was feeling very depressed. I really used to worry about tests.
Find more examples of used to and would in the extracts. Underline them. Grammar reference p. 117
7 Have you ever felt shy? When was the last time you felt embarrassed? Write short statements using the adjectives below.
4 Underline the correct form of used to/would.
1 My mum used to work/work as a nurse but now she’s retired. 2 Did you use/used to enjoy maths at school? 3 I didn’t use to/would eat meat but now I eat a bit. 4 Holidays were great; we would to get up/get up late and spend all day at the beach. 5 Didn’t you use to/Wouldn’t you live in London when you were a child? 6 My favourite teacher used to/was used to tell great stories.
5 Complete this text with the Past simple, Past continuous and used to. My favourite primary school teacher, Mrs Cooper, (1) ___________ (bring) a talking parrot to class. I remember one day I (2) ___________ (behave) very badly when the teacher (3) ___________ (see) me – it was Friday afternoon, games day; you see, on Friday we (4) ___________ (not/have) proper lessons; we did fun things. Anyway, I (5) ___________ (pour) sand and bits of Lego down a little girl’s back when she (6) ___________ (scream). The teacher (7) ___________ (not/see) me do it because she (8) ___________ (write) on the board at the time. The teacher turned round and looked at me…
Say it!
8 In pairs, use exercise 7 to make a dialogue.
6 Underline the correct option.
1 I didn’t use/used to like gymnastics but now I have got used/use to it. 2 At first, it was horrible being in a wheelchair but I am getting used/used to it now. 3 I live in Florence now but I used to live/living in Rome. 4 I did not use/am not used to speaking a foreign language but I am sure it will get easier.
A I felt really embarrassed when... B Not cool! How embarrassing! What happened?
Vocabulary: Relationships 9
Complete the missing letters in these words.
1 m___m/mother 2 dad/fa___r 3 te___cher 4 br___ther 5 sist___ 6 a___nt 7 ___ncle 8 co___sins 9 f___nd 10 ne___bour 11 neph___ 12 nie___
13 grandp___nts 14 brother-in-l___w 15 sister-___-law 16 st___-father 17 st___-m_____ 18 b___t-friend 19 godf___r 20 godm___r 21 fian___ 22 fianc___ 23 g___friend 24 boy___
Say it!
10 Draw a circle in your notebook with your name in the middle. Put the people above in it. The closer to your name, the more important they have been in your life so far. Then tell your partner about the people in your circle and why you put them there.
FLASHPOINT I am used to life here/living here (I am familiar with life here). You get used to life alone (it becomes normal, you accept it).
shy embarrassed successful happy confident angry sad nervous
T his is my best friend and she’s really important in my life because she has always been there for me when I’m feeling down…
Critical thinking
11 In pairs, ask and answer the following questions. What kind of education did you receive in your childhood, strict or permissive? If you had children, would you do the same or would you decide to do just the opposite and why? 19
2
Testo Use of English Life events
6 F
Read this text and think of a word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap.
1 Order these phrases about important stages in life to make a story.
make friends get married fall in love go out 1 be born have children
The most important event in my life!
get engaged fall out break up become a grandparent make up
It’s (1) ______ true story. I (2) ______ just finished university in York and had applied (3) ______ a job teaching English in China. I was feeling very nervous. I had (4) ______ done any real work in my life and I knew nothing (5) ______ English grammar. Before the interview for the job, I had to look (6) ______ ‘conditionals’ in my grammar book, because I didn’t know what (7) ______ were. I (8) ______ received an email the week before asking me to go for an interview in London. I was really worried I would mess up (9) ______ interview because I always did badly at interviews. But everything went well and I took up the offer of a job teaching English (10) ______ Shanghai. I liked the place at once. But the most amazing thing was this: I fell in (11) ______ with the first student I ever met. Two years later, we got married and we now (12) ______ three lovely children.
2 Compare your answers with a partner. Do you have the same story?
3
Complete the dialogues with a word or phrase.
1 A When did you ______ with Paul? And what made you ______ with him? B When we where still at school. I couldn’t resist him. Very good-looking. 2 A At what age would you like to get ______? B I want to get ______ when I have a job and I am ready to settle down. 3 A How did you start ______ with Lisa? B Well, first we ______ friends and then I asked her to come for coffee. 4 A How many children do you want to ______? B Just two, a boy and a girl.
4 Practise the dialogues with your partner. Make changes so they are true for you.
Phrasal verbs (up) break up with one’s girlfriend or boyfriend (separate) cheer up a friend, yourself, cheer sb up (start to feel happier) give up a bad habit, trying (stop) look up a difficult word, some information (check something in a dictionary/online) make up with a friend, a story (become friends again, create a story) mess up a task, a test, an interview (make a mistake or do something badly) take up a hobby, a sport, an offer (start, accept)
5 Rewrite the sentences changing the underlined words to a phrasal verb in the correct form. 20
1 After our quarrel, we stopped talking; then, we became friends again. 2 Nothing could make her feel happy after she failed the test. 3 She didn’t do very well at the interview. 4 Don’t stop trying – you can succeed! 5 After five years they decided to separate. 6 Why don’t you start painting or yoga classes?
7 Complete and answer the questions so that they are true for you, then compare with a partner.
1 What do you do to ______ yourself ______ when you feel depressed? 2 How do you think it feels to ______ a grandparent for the first time? 3 Have you ever fallen ______ a friend? How did you feel about it? 4 Do you ______ things ______ in books or do you google them? Which is better? 5 If you could take ______ any new sport or a hobby, what would you choose? 6 Have you ever ______ a test or a task you had to do? How did you feel? 7 What is the best age to get ______ and have children? 8 Are you the kind of person who gives ______ easily when things are difficult? Language development p. 98
Flash on Grammar Past perfect simple and continuous
5 In pairs, ask and answer questions beginning with ‘Did you use to... ?’.
1 Complete the sentences with the Past perfect simple or continuous.
1 My classmates ________ become famous in the school for their noise! 2 I ________ got a reputation for success. 3 I ________ working in a bookshop for a few weeks when my friend turned up. 4 _____ you ________ living in Italy for very long?
0 live / house or flat? A Did you use to live in a house or flat when you were a child? B In a flat. What about you? 1 go / bed / early? 2 stay / with / grandparents? 3 be / afraid / the dark? 4 have / a pet? 5 go / the seaside / in the summer?
2 Complete the sentences with the Past perfect simple or continuous.
1 After I ________ (finish) my studies, I had a year off. 2 I ________ (try) to pass my driving test for three years when I finally succeeded. 3 I was anxious. I looked at the notice-board. I ________ (achieve) top marks in the test! 4 Since I last saw her, Jane ________ (take up) skiing. 5 ____ you ________ (have) lessons for very long before you learnt to speak Spanish? 6 She ____ never ________ (leave) Italy before she went to Switzerland on a school trip.
3 Correct these sentences.
be used to / get used to
6 Fill in the gaps using the correct form of the words below.
make go live read have work
1 London seemed strange to me but I am getting used to ______ here now. 2 She didn’t use to ______ a lot of money but now she’s very well off. 3 She is used to ______ hard – she has always loved her job, you see. 4 She used to ______ out with Paolo but they’ve broken up now. 5 No, I will never get used to ______ ebooks. I prefer real books. 6 Did the other kids use to ______ fun of you at school? WB p. 15
1 When all the passengers were boarding, the plane took off. 2 He felt very tired the next day because he had been being awake all night. 3 She worked as a teacher for 45 years when she decided to stop work. 4 I was very hungry because I had been eating all day. 5 After they had been marrying for a year, they decided to have a baby. 6 I had been study all night because I had an exam the day after. WB p. 14
used to / would
4 Fill in the gaps with used to or would.
WB p. 14
When I was a child I (1) ______ be afraid of the dark and my parents (2) ______ let me sleep with the light on. Sometimes I (3) ______ wake up in the middle of the night, screaming; my mum or dad (4) ______ rush to my room to see what was wrong. You see, I (5) ______ have bad dreams but in the morning I (6) ______ forget all about them. And you? (7) ______ you use to be afraid of the dark? Do you remember your dreams?
Round up!
7 Complete the text with used to, would, the Past perfect and the Past perfect continuous.
The most important person in my life My father has been the most important influence on my life. Why? Well, first of all, he (1) ___________ never __________ (shout) at us and he (2) __________ always ___________ (listen) carefully to us. He was a great listener. Our grandmother (3) ___________ (be) a very patient women and I think he (4) ___________ (take) after her. He gave me confidence in myself. For example, my first bicycle: I (5) ___________ (try) to ride it for weeks and I kept falling off. He (6) ___________ (watch) me from a distance and just said ‘try again’. But he never lost patience. He (7) ___________ (work) at night in a factory, so when he got home, he (8) ___________ (work) all night and he was very sleepy. After he (9) __________ (retire) from work, he spent more time with us so he (10) ___________ (tell) us bedtime stories. It was magical. Dad was a really gentle, generous person.
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2
2
Flash on Skills
A
B
Self-esteem Before you read
1 Look at pictures A and B and match them with their caption; what is the message in each cartoon? 1
What matters most is how you see yourself.
2
Before you say anything, remember the educational importance of self-esteem.
2 Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Why?/Why not?
1 Self-esteem is about what other people think of us. 2 You need self-esteem to do well at school. 3 Self-esteem means respecting other people.
4 Self-esteem means coming first, being the best. 5 You can’t measure self-esteem.
Reading
3 Skim the text quickly. Are the statements above true according to the text? Abraham Maslow: from Mentally Unstable to Self-esteem Guru Abraham Maslow was born in New York. His parents had emigrated to the USA to escape from Tsarist Russia. He was the oldest of eight children and so the other kids in the family looked up to him. 1 This was a blow to his self-esteem, which he never forgot. At school, young Maslow had a tough time , for his teachers didn’t like him and the other children bullied him. He didn’t get on with his mother and he made few friends. 2 He also joined many school clubs, edited a school magazine and took lots of exercise. He took up weight-lifting to make himself look tough. In the end, he got to University, studied psychology, married and became a father. 3 These experiences influenced his psychological idea of self-esteem and its importance in leading a happy life. What Is Self-esteem? Self-esteem is how we feel about ourselves or the picture we have of ourselves. It includes beliefs and feelings such as confidence and pride. Self-esteem is not about facts but rather what one believes to be true about oneself. Self-esteem is important because it influences – and can predict – academic achievement, including success at school, at university and in tests. 4 Self-esteem can apply to a specific dimension (for example, ‘I believe I am a good athlete and I feel happy about that’ or 5 ; but self-esteem – or the lack of it – can be more general: for example, ‘I believe I deserve respect and so do others’. Researchers describe self-esteem with statements like ‘I am good at tennis’, ‘I am competent’, ‘I am respected’, ‘I am loved’. They usually measure self-esteem on a continuous scale. For example, the Rosenberg test scores each item out of four; it requires participants to indicate their level of agreement with statements about themselves. strongly disagree
disagree
agree
strongly agree
I feel I do not have much to be proud of. People with healthy self-esteem: • believe in certain values and defend them against opposition • 6 • do not feel guilty when others don’t like their choice There is much more to say about self-esteem but this will give you food for thought.
4 F
Read the text again. Six sentences have been removed from it. Choose from the sentences A-G the one which fits each gap. There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.
A I know I’m the best at English in the class. B When he was growing up, a psychologist said he was ‘mentally unstable’. C In addition, self-esteem is important because it is connected with psychological well-being: our mental health. D Later, he also saw the horrors of war. E Feel confident enough to change their beliefs. F He won a scholarship to Harvard. G However, he was a good student and loved reading. 22
CLIL Speaking
Writing 8
Complete the following.
Then compare your answers with a partner.
strongly agree: 3 agree: 2
1 one fact about me: ______________________ _________________________________________ 2 something I believe is true about me: ________ _________________________________________ 3 an example of my values: _________________ _________________________________________
5 Complete the chart below, using the scores: 3-0. disagree: 1 strongly disagree: 0
Statement
Score
1 I believe I deserve respect and happiness. I believe others deserve respect. 2 I feel I do not have much to be proud of. 3 I believe in certain values and defend them 4 against opposition. I feel confident enough to change my beliefs. 5 I do not feel guilty when others don’t like my 6 choices. I believe I am good at some subjects and I 7 feel happy about that. I believe I am respected. 8 I believe I am loved. 9
Listening 6
1.07 You are going to hear a lecture about Abraham Maslow’s best known theory. Look at the diagram. Can you guess what this theory is about? Listen to the lecture: were you right?
7
1.07 F Listen again and complete the notes in the diagram.
Self-actualisation Self-esteem You deserve (6) __________ and happiness. Love and Belonging You feel you are part of a (4) __________ or group of (5) __________.
9 You are going to write a brief biography of an important person in your life, your ‘significant other’. Before you begin: 1 Make notes on your ideas. 2 Decide on a logical order for the events. 3 Think of: a which tenses are you going to use: Past simple, Present perfect, Past continuous, Past perfect, used to, etc. b key words for your topic: verbs (look up to, cheer up, etc.), nouns (respect, self-esteem, etc.), adjectives (proud, friendly, etc.); c colourful language you can use, for example adverbs, adjectives, idiomatic expression, etc. d appropriate linkers: at first, in the end, etc. 4 Use this plan: Paragraph 1: the person’s past (where he/ she was born; where he/she grew up; his/her studies, work, achievements); Paragraph 2: how you know him/her; Paragraph 3: why he/she influenced you and became important to you.
EXAM STRATEGIES A narrative text can be a short story or a text about someone’s life (biography, autobiography). You should demonstrate that you can do the following: develop a clear storyline, with a beginning, a middle and an end use appropriate past tenses use interesting adjectives, adverbs and expressions to give ‘colour’ to your text use linkers, especially time expressions use your imagination to get the reader’s interest and keep it!
10 P
Write your biography (120-150 words).
Safety You must not feel your life is (2) ____________. For example, (3) ____________ at school . Physiological You mustn’t feel hungry or (1) ____________.
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2
1 2
Flashback Past simple and continuous
GRAMMAR
Present simple and continuous
1
Underline the correct option.
1 I never play/’m never playing video games. 2 I often see/am often seeing people talking on their mobiles while they are driving. 3 The boys are arguing/argue about a video game. 4 We are watching/watch at a video on youtube. 5 She is writing/writes her blog every day. 6 I’m looking/look for my memory stick. Have you seen it? 7 She enjoys/is enjoying surfing the Net in her free time. 8 They spend/are spending ages on Facebook – they don’t have/are not having any real friends.
4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs below.
Present perfect simple and continuous
2 Complete the sentences with the correct form
5 Correct the underlined words.
read buy walk look wait start know finish
1 I __________ to learn French. I had my second lesson today. 2 I __________ an iPhone because I don’t think I need one. 3 She __________ for work for months and she can’t find anything. 4 They __________ for news about their missing dog but there’s still none. 5 How long _____ you ________ your best-friend? 6 _____ you __________ that book since March? It’s only short! 7 _____ you __________ with the laptop? Can I check my emails now? 8 They __________ in the rain without an umbrella – they’re soaking wet.
6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs below.
3 Complete the sentences with the correct form
of the words in brackets.
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1 I __________ my computer for five years but now it __________ working. (have/stop) 2 I __________ a new flash drive yesterday. (buy) 3 __________ Indian food? (you/ever/eat) 4 I __________ my mobile on the train on my way to school. (leave) 5 Tony __________ a film from the Internet. (never/download) 6 _____ police __________ the hackers who ________ into the bank’s computer? (arrest/get) 7 Mr Thomas __________ my phone off me in the Maths lesson. (take) 8 I __________ any messages today. (not/receive)
1 I was always known I would become a teacher. 2 They had shouted when the teacher walked in. 3 Had they playing on the computer when their mum arrived? 4 Have you known him long before you got married? 5 I had tidied my room when you rang. 6 Paul did never seen an elephant before he went to the zoo with his mum.
Past perfect simple and continuous
Present perfect vs Past simple
1 Columbus __________ for India when he discovered the New World. 2 Gandhi __________ part in a peaceful march when the police arrested him. 3 John Lennon was playing in the Quarrymen band when he __________ Paul McCartney. 4 Tim Berners-Lee __________ as a scientist when he invented the World Wide Web. 5 Alfred Nobel was working in his factory when he accidentally __________ dynamite. 6 Armstrong was stepping onto the moon when he _________: ‘This is one small step for a man’.
Past perfect vs Past continuous
of the verbs below.
take look discover meet say work
be think decorate leave work study change rain
1 He told me he __________ as a barman for five years when he decided to retrain as a web designer. 2 The restaurant __________ a lot since I had last been there. 3 I __________ about getting a new computer when my Dad arrived with a new laptop! 4 ______ you __________ to Asia before you went to Thailand this summer? 5 It __________ all day and all night. The clothes on the line were soaking wet! 6 Ann __________ French for two years when she decided to go to France for six months. 7 Although we __________ the house early we still missed the train. 8 He was covered in paint because he __________ the kitchen all morning.
Flashback used to and would
7 Complete the sentences with the correct form
Computer words
10 Complete the sentences with one word.
of used to or would and the verbs below.
play have make get like lie
1 2 3 4
I _________ a scooter, but I sold it. I _________ vegetables. I do now. She _________ the clarinet at school. Mum, _________ your teachers _________ angry if you arrived late at school? 5 He used to go to the beach and he _________ there all day. 6 In tests, at school I used to finish first but I _________ a lot of mistakes.
Round up!
8
Underline the correct option.
At last, John (1) has started/had started his new job. He is now (2) working/worked at Trentham girls’ school. He (3) has been waiting/is waiting anxiously for months to start. He (4) has never/ had never worked in an all girls’ school before and he (5) had not been teaching/didn’t teach for very long, so he was a bit nervous. He (6) walked/was walking into the school on his first day when he (7) has seen/saw two girls in uniform smoking in the car park. Later, in the classroom, as he (8) was taking/had been taking the register, two girls arrived late. They were the same two girls that he (9) saw/had seen in the car park. They said that their bus (10) broke/had broken down. He just told them to sit down and continued with the lesson. He was a strict teacher but he never (11) use/used to raise his voice. The girls (12) had respected/respected him and he became their favourite teacher.
VOCABULARY
Phrasal verbs
9 Complete the sentences.
1 I b____ up with my boyfriend after we had a bad argument. 2 Their old car keeps b____ down. 3 Her jokes always c____ me up when I’m feeling sad. 4 Your negative comments about the film p____ me off going to see it. 5 We’re trying to w____ out the answer to the last clue in the crossword puzzle. 6 I c____ across an interesting website about new gadgets on the Internet the other day. 7 If I don’t know something, l____ it up online. 8 I can’t k____ up with all the homework – our teacher gives us too much to do!
download switch digital stores security viruses hack computer
hat puts me off using computers most is W (1) _________. Apart from damaging your (2) _________, some (3) _________ can be used to (4) _________ into your personal data! But the good news? I recently bought an e-reader. It (5) _________ books in (6) _________ form. It’s great. I can (7) _________ thousands of electronic books onto it very cheaply and when I (8) _________ it on I can access my whole library! Before I got one I had run out of space on my book shelves!
Adjectives
11 Underline the correct option.
1 My teacher told me off in front of everyone. I was really embarrassing/embarrassed. 2 I didn’t enjoy the film. It was really bored/ boring. 3 I love studying history. I find it amazed/ interesting. 4 The party we went to was terrible. It was exciting/disappointing. 5 I’m very excited/exciting about going to the concert to see my favourite band. 6 I can’t follow these instructions. They are a bit bored/confusing. 7 Those kids stole my mobile! I was really disappointing/angry. 8 She’s a great teacher. She is really encouraging/disrespectful.
12 How do you feel in the following situations? Use the adjectives in the box.
shy embarrassed successful happy confident angry sad depressed bored nervous relaxed friendly excited
1 You’ve messed up a test. _______________________________________ 2 You’ve passed an important test. _______________________________________ 3 Someone has stolen your mobile phone. _______________________________________ 4 You have to speak in front of a lot of people. _______________________________________ 5 You have to read a difficult book for school. _______________________________________ 6 You are going to take a Maths test. _______________________________________ 25
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