Grammar Plus A1 by ELI Publishing

Contents 1 Personal subject pronouns...................................................................................................................... 3 2 to be (1) ................................................................................................................................................... 4 3 to be (2): short answers .......................................................................................................................... 6 4 There is / There are ................................................................................................................................ 8 5 Idiomatic uses of to be .......................................................................................................................... 10 6 Plural of nouns ...................................................................................................................................... 12 7 a / an, the .............................................................................................................................................. 14 8 this, that, these, those............................................................................................................................ 16 9 The time ................................................................................................................................................. 18 10 Prepositions of time: on, in, at .............................................................................................................. 19 11 Question words .................................................................................................................................... 20 12 Personal object pronouns ..................................................................................................................... 22 13 Possessive adjectives and pronouns..................................................................................................... 24 14 The possessive ’s .................................................................................................................................. 26 15 Adjectives and adverbs ........................................................................................................................ 28 16 have got ............................................................................................................................................... 30 17 Countable and uncountable nouns; a / an, some, any, no ................................................................... 34 18 How much?, How many? ..................................................................................................................... 36 19 much, many, a lot of .............................................................................................................................37 20 Ordinal numbers and dates .................................................................................................................. 38 21 The imperative ..................................................................................................................................... 40 22 Expressions with have ......................................................................................................................... 42 23 Present simple ...................................................................................................................................... 44 24 Adverbs of frequency ........................................................................................................................... 48 25 Prepositions of place ............................................................................................................................ 50 26 shall and let’s for offers and suggestions ............................................................................................. 54 27 Present continuous ............................................................................................................................... 56 28 Verb + -ing, verb + infinitive ............................................................................................................... 60 29 Present simple or Present continuous? ................................................................................................. 62 30 Past simple to be .................................................................................................................................. 64 31 Past simple ........................................................................................................................................... 66 32 can and could for ability and possibility .............................................................................................. 70 33 Comparatives and superlatives ............................................................................................................ 73 34 must, mustn’t, have to, don’t have to, had to ...................................................................................... 76 35 who, where, which, that ...................................................................................................................... 78 General revision.......................................................................................................................................... 80 Appendix A ................................................................................................................................................. 90 Appendix B .................................................................................................................................................. 91 Audioscripts ................................................................................................................................................ 92

UNIT

Personal subject pronouns 1st pers 2nd pers 3rd pers (masculine) 3rd pers (feminine) 3rd pers (neutral)

singular

plural

I you he she it

we you

}

they

The personal subject pronouns refer to a person or thing already mentioned. They go before the verb and cannot be omitted. John is a doctor. â&#x2020;&#x2019; He is a doctor. The laptop is on the desk. â&#x2020;&#x2019; It is on the desk. Note! The personal subject pronoun I is always written with a capital letter.

Look at the pictures and write the correct subject pronouns.

I 1 ________________________

2 ________________________

3 ________________________

4 ________________________

5 ________________________

6 ________________________

7 ________________________

Write the correct subject pronoun. he 1 John ______________ 2 the table ______________ 3 the flowers ______________ 4 Paul and Sarah ______________

5 6 7 8

you and I Mr Brown Vanessa the cat

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

Replace the underlined words with the correct subject pronoun.

1 2 3 4

Dave is Scottish. is from Edinburgh. ______________ He Sue is English. ______________ is from London. Jeff is American. ______________ is from Denver. I have a cat. ______________ is called Felix.

5 6 7 8

Mary and Tom love skiing. ______________ are great skiers. Where are you and your sister from ? ______________ are from Boston. My husband and I work together. ______________ are teachers. London buses are red. ______________ are red.

UNIT

to be (1) AFFIRMATIVE I am You are He is She is It is We are You are They are

NEGATIVE I’m You’re He’s She’s It’s We’re You’re They’re

I am not You are not He is not She is not It is not We are not You are not They are not

We use the verb to be: • to identify people or objects I’m Oliver. This is Matilda.

1 2

• to ask and talk about permanent states Where is Patrick from? He’s from Ireland. • to describe people, places, things and feelings Karen’s nice. She’s always happy.

5 You am / is / are from Spain. 6 Mr Brown and Mrs Dee am / is / are from South America. 7 You and I am / is / are friends.

Mary I (7)______________ from Ireland. My parents (8)______________ Irish. Peter Where (9)______________ that girl from? Mary She (10)______________ from Japan. Peter How old (11)______________ she? Mary She (12)______________ fifteen.

Put the words into the correct order to make sentences. Then listen and check.

a / reporter / Powell / is / Miss Miss Powell is a reporter. _________________________________________________ New York / Victoria / are / from / Owen / and _________________________________________________ 3 friends / José / Manuel / and / aren’t _________________________________________________ 4 beautiful / weather / is / today / the _________________________________________________

Am I? Are you? Is he? Is she? Is it? Are we? Are you? Are they?

Complete the conversation with the correct form of the verb to be. Mary Hello. My name (1)______________ Mary. is What (2)______________ your name? Peter Peter. How (3)______________ you? Mary I (4)______________ fine. And you? Peter I (5)______________ OK. Where (6)______________ you from?

I’m not You’re not / You aren’t He’s not / He isn’t She’s not / She isn’t It’s not / It isn’t We’re not / We aren’t You’re not / You aren’t They’re not / They aren’t

Underline the correct form of the verb to be.

1 We am / is / are happy. 2 Mary am / is / are busy. 3 I am / is / are hungry. 4 The students am / is / are in class.

INTERROGATIVE

5 sister / she / my / is _________________________________________________ 6 Mrs / and / lawyers / Mr / are / Bailey _________________________________________________ 7 the / the / classroom / in / chairs / are _________________________________________________ 8 are / the / heavy / books _________________________________________________

Insert the correct form of to be. Then make the sentences negative and interrogative.

are 1 They ______________ teachers. They are not teachers. ________________________ Are they teachers? ________________________ 2 My dogs ______________ hungry. _______________________. _______________________? 3 That table ______________ heavy. _______________________. _______________________? 4 You and Paul ______________ happy. _______________________. _______________________?

Rewrite the sentences using the correct subject pronouns and the contracted form of to be.

1 2 3 4 5

5 You ______________ tired. _______________________. _______________________? 6 I ______________ a web designer. _______________________. _______________________? 7 It ______________ Monday today. _______________________. _______________________? 8 Jenny’s surname ______________ Peters. _______________________. _______________________?

Ann is thirsty. She’s thirsty. ________________________________________________ The magazine is on the table. ________________________________________________. That man is from Germany. ________________________________________________. Sara and Gary are not busy. ________________________________________________. Mary and I are not hungry now. ________________________________________________.

6 7 8 9 10

My brother is cold. ________________________________________________. You and Amy are not in my team. ________________________________________________. The grammar books are on the shelf. ________________________________________________. Tom, my cat, is not in the garden. ________________________________________________. Carla is not a doctor. ________________________________________________.

Complete the email with the correct form of the verb to be.

Hi! My name’s Orla. is Today (1) ______________ my birthday. I (2)______________ 18. Bob and Sheila (3) ______________ my friends. They (4) ______________ at my party. Bob (5) ______________ a student here in London. His girlfriend, Sheila, (6) ______________ a shop assistant. I (7) ______________ happy that my friends (8) ______________ here. My sister’s name (9) ______________ Olivia. She (10) ______________ also 18 today. We ______________ twins! Write soon, Orla

Write 8 sentences containing the personal pronouns I, you, he / she / it, we, you, they.

1 2 3 4

_________________________________________________. _________________________________________________. _________________________________________________. _________________________________________________.

5 6 7 8

UNIT 2 to be (1)

UNIT

to be (2): short answers Am I English? Are you tired? Is he hungry? Is she American? Is it cold? Are we thirsty? Are you Italian? Are they afraid?

AFFIRMATIVE

NEGATIVE

Yes, I am. Yes, you are. Yes, he is. Yes, she is. Yes, it is. Yes, we are. Yes, you are. Yes, they are.

No, I’m not. No, you aren’t. No, he isn’t. No, she isn’t. No, it isn’t. No, we aren’t. No, you aren’t. No, they aren’t.

We use short answers because we do not need to repeat words that were in the question. We also use short answers because it is more polite than just saying Yes or No. To form the short answer we repeat the subject pronoun and the verb, after Yes or No. A Are you hungry? B Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.

A Is she a teacher? B Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.

We always use the full form in affirmative short answers. A Are you tired?

1 2 3 4 5

B Yes, I am.

Answer the questions using the short form. Then listen and check. Are you thirsty? _________________________________________________ No, I’m not. Is it cold today? ✓ _________________________________________________. ✓ Is she tired? _________________________________________________. Are they happy? _________________________________________________. Are the students in the classroom? _________________________________________________.

Is your house big? _________________________________________________. Is your best friend short? ✓ _________________________________________________. Is your mother a nurse? _________________________________________________. ✓ Are you a good student? _________________________________________________. Are the shops open today? _________________________________________________.

Look at the information about Amanda. Use short answers to complete the questions.

IDENTITY CARD Name Country Address Email Age Job Married

6 7 8 9 10

Amanda Curtis Canada 24 Park Avenue amanda@tel.ca 25 nurse no

1 2 3 4 5 6

Is Amanda from the UK? No, she isn’t. _________________________________________________ Is she 22? _________________________________________________. Is she a student? _________________________________________________. Is she a nurse? _________________________________________________. Is she married? _________________________________________________. Is her surname Curtis? _________________________________________________.

Put the words in the correct order to make questions, then answer them.

1 2 3 4 5

long / hair / is / your ________________________________________________ Is your hair long? No, it isn’t. ________________________________________________ from / you / Canada / are ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________. dark / is / it / now ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________. are / you / school / now / at ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________. p.m. / it / 11 / is ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________.

6 difficult / exercise / this / is ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________. 7 English / is / James Bond ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________. 8 shops / are / closed / Sundays / on ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________. 9 holiday / on / is / your mother ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________. 10 are / late / we / for / school ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________.

Put the sentences in the correct order. Then listen and check. I’m from Chicago, in the USA. Where are you from? Are you from Spain? I’m Carlos. Hi! What’s your name? My name’s Kathy. Yes, I am. Hi Carlos. Are you a student? No, I’m not. I’m from Argentina. And you?

Kathy Hello. (1)__________________________________ My name’s Kathy. (2)_________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Carlos (3)_________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Kathy (4)_________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Carlos (5)_________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Kathy (6)_________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Carlos (7)_________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Kathy (8)_________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

UNIT 3 to be (2): short answers

UNIT

There is / There are AFFIRMATIVE

NEGATIVE

There is a table. There is an apple. There are four desks.

There isn’t a table. There isn’t an apple. There aren’t four desks.

INTERROGATIVE

SHORT ANSWERS

Is there a table? Are there two books on the table?

Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t. Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t.

We use there is and there are to show the existence of people or objects. We use there is with singular nouns and there are with plural nouns. There is / There’s a book on the table. There are two cats in the garden. In a list, we use there is when the first noun is singular. There’s a table and four chairs. We use there are when the first noun is plural. There are four chairs and a table.

Underline the correct option.

1 There isn’t / There aren’t a guitar in the bedroom. 2 There are / There is two cinemas in the town centre. 3 There is / There are a new bookshop in South Street. 4 This restaurant is very quiet. There isn’t / There aren’t many people here.

5 A Are there a lot of museums in London? B Yes, there are. / there is. 6 There aren’t / There isn’t an apple tree in the garden. 7 There isn’t / There aren’t thirty days in October. 8 There is / There aren’t a Greek student in my class.

Look at the picture of a shop window and write sentences with There is / There are and the objects you can see. You can use the words in the box to help you. T-shirt jeans umbrella book tie sandals skirt hat 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

_________________________________________________ There are two ties in the shop window. _________________________________________________. _________________________________________________. _________________________________________________. _________________________________________________. _________________________________________________. _________________________________________________. _________________________________________________.

Complete the sentences with There is, There are, It’s or They’re.

1 2 3 4 5 6

______________ There are two cinemas in town. ______________ a beautiful day. ______________ a chair in the corner. ______________ children in the street. ______________ something in my eye. ______________ nice people.

Complete the sentences with There’s, There are, It’s / He’s / She’s or They’re. Then listen and check. 6 ______________ many good restaurants in my town but ______________ all expensive. 7 ______________ my grandmother. 8 ______________ a great film on TV tonight. 9 ______________ a delicious cake in the kitchen. 10 ______________ my brother. 11 ______________ someone at the door. 12 Her name is Sarah. ______________ English.

Put these sentences into the negative form. Then use your imagination to finish them.

1 There’s a cat on the roof. There isn’t a cat on the roof. ________________________________________________ There’s a dog on the roof. ________________________________________________ 2 There is a letter for you. ________________________________________________. ________________________________________________. 3 There is a new airport in town. ________________________________________________. ________________________________________________.

7 ______________ an interesting story. 8 ______________ time to go. 9 ______________ an apple and some oranges in the fruit bowl. 10 ______________ lots of clothes shops in town.

1 ______________ There’s a fox in the park. 2 ______________ two pairs of socks and a T-shirt on the floor. 3 ______________ an excellent teacher and she’s pretty too. 4 ______________ several boys playing football outside. 5 ______________ an adorable dog.

UNIT 4 There is / There are

4 There are three men on a boat. ________________________________________________. ________________________________________________. 5 There is a university in Stratford-upon-Avon. ________________________________________________. ________________________________________________. 6 There are four children in the photo. ________________________________________________. ________________________________________________.

Write questions using the prompts. Then answer for yourself using short answers.

1 2 3

many theatres / your town Are there many theatres in your town? ________________________________________________ Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t. ________________________________________________ a DVD player / your bedroom ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________. many supermarkets / your town ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________.

4 5 6

a computer / in your house ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________. ten students / in your English class ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________. an airport / in your town ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________.

UNIT

Idiomatic uses of to be In English there are many expressions which use the verb to be + adjective. The most common are used to talk about feelings, interests and the weather. be cold / be hot be hungry / be thirsty be right / be wrong be angry / be afraid of

→ → → →

It’s very cold today. / It’s very hot here in summer. He’s always hungry! / I’m very thirsty. Yes, you’re right! / Sorry, you’re wrong. The teacher is very angry. / Are you afraid of snakes?

be interested in be lucky be sleepy be tired be late be in a hurry

→ → → → → →

Paul is interested in history. You are always so lucky! Are you always so sleepy? The children are very tired. Oh no, I’m late! Quick! We’re in a hurry.

We also use the the verb to be to ask for information about: • health A How are you? B I’m fine, thanks. • price A How much is this book? B It’s £6.99. • age A How old are you? B I’m 25 years old. • jobs A What’s your job? B I’m a doctor.

Use the correct form of to be and one of the adjectives below to complete the sentences. Then listen and check. interested wrong thirsty sleepy hungry dirty cold tired happy hot afraid right

1 2 3 4 5 6

A Why are you going to bed? am tired. B Because I ______________ A Why are you eating? B Because I ______________. A Why is she going to bed? B Because she ______________. Wash your hands! They ______________! May I open the window? I ______________. A Madrid is in Argentina. B No, you ______________.

7 My feet ______________ always ______________ in winter. 8 They ______________ in history. 9 We ______________ because we passed our exam. 10 He ______________ because it is very hot outside. 11 Helen ______________ of spiders. 12 A 5 plus 5 is 10. B Yes, you ______________!

Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Remember to use the correct form of to be.

is five years old. 1 Oliver _________________________

2 Linda _________________________.

3 David _________________________.

4 Tessa _________________________.

5 James _________________________.

6 Tom __________________________.

Answer the questions using the words in brackets.

1 2 3 4 5

Are you happy? (sad) No, I’m sad. _________________________________________________ Are you thirsty? (hungry) _________________________________________________. Are you cold? (hot) _________________________________________________. Is he wrong? (right) _________________________________________________. Are your clothes dirty? (clean) _________________________________________________.

6 7 8 9 10

Are they late? (early) _________________________________________________. Is this computer expensive? (cheap) _________________________________________________. Is she full of energy? (tired) _________________________________________________. Is the weather nice today? (terrible) _________________________________________________. Are your lessons boring? (interesting) _________________________________________________.

Listen to Tina talking to a friend. For each question, choose the right answer.

1 Who is Tina talking to? a Pete b ✓ Tony c Sarah

4 Who is Tina with? a no one b her parents c two friends

2 How is Tina? a sick b at home c fine

5 What is the weather like? a hot b cold c cloudy

3 Where is Tina? a in her bedroom b in the park c at the shopping centre

6 Why doesn’t Tony meet Tina? a Because it’s late. b Because he’s tired. c Because he’s in a hurry.

UNIT 5 Idiomatic uses of to be

UNIT

Plural of nouns Regular plurals To form the plural of most nouns we add -s to the singular noun. cat → cats book → books Pay attention to the following spelling rules: • for nouns ending in -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o we add -es bus → buses dish → dishes fox → foxes glass → glasses church → churches potato → potatoes • for some foreign nouns ending in -o we add only -s photo → photos disco → discos piano → pianos

kilo → kilos

• for nouns ending in vowel + -y we add -s boy → boys key → keys • for nouns ending with a consonant + -y, we change the -y to -i and add -es city → cities family → families • for some nouns ending in -f or -fe, we change the f to v and add -es shelf → shelves knife → knives Note! Other nouns ending in -f or -fe use the regular -s ending to form the plural roof → roofs cliff → cliffs Irregular plurals Some nouns have irregular plural forms. man → men woman → women child → children mouse → mice person → people goose → geese

firewoman → firewomen tooth → teeth foot → feet

Some nouns have the same form in the singular and the plural. fish → fish sheep → sheep Note! Police has a plural verb. A The police are here.

Write the plural form of these nouns.

1 flower 2 kiss 3 office 4 apple 5 tomato

______________ flowers ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

6 toy 7 party 8 box 9 wife 10 sandwich

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

6 people 7 potatoes 8 feet 9 dishes 10 days

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

Write the singular form of these nouns.

1 buses 2 books 3 kilos 4 cities 5 wolves

B Why? What do they want?

______________ bus ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

UNIT 6 Plural of nouns

Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with the correct plural noun.

Sheep 1 ___________________ eat grass.

2 There are two ___________________ in the tank.

3 Olivia cleans her ___________________ twice a day.

4 In autumn the ___________________ fall from the trees.

5 There are two ___________________ at the bus stop.

6 ___________________ love cheese.

7 The ___________________ are at a birthday party.

8 Babies have got very small ___________________.

Change the sentences from singular to plural.

1 2 3 4 5

That man is from London. Those men are from London. _________________________________________________. The pencil is on the desk. _________________________________________________. The glass is in the kitchen. _________________________________________________. My friend is Spanish. _________________________________________________. The child is in the park. _________________________________________________.

6 7 8 9 10

The watch is old. _________________________________________________. The new shop is nice. _________________________________________________. She is a young woman. _________________________________________________. There is a photo on the table. _________________________________________________. The new boy is in the football team. _________________________________________________.

Listen and tick the words you hear.

1 a 2 a 3 a 4 a

shelf child toe knife

b â&#x153;&#x201C; shelves b children b toes b knives

5 a 6 a 7 a 8 a

church woman country man

b b b b

churches women countries men

UNIT

a / an, the a / an The indefinite article a / an is used before singular nouns. We use the indefinite article when we talk about something for the first time and when we refer to a single thing or person. We use a before words that begin with a consonant or a consonant sound such as u and eu, when they sound like ‘you’. a boy a tree a house a university a European city a year We use an before words that begin with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) or a vowel sound. an elephant an egg an idea an MP3 player We also use an before words starting with a ‘silent h’. an hour an heir an honour Note! We use a / an with jobs and some illnesses. Paul is an engineer. Are you a student? I’ve got a headache. I’ve got a cold. the We use the definite article the before singular and plural nouns. We use the when we talk about something specific; something you or others know about already. The hotel is very nice. The film starts at 8 p.m. Note! We do not use an article when we talk about things in general. I like tea. Gold is expensive. The definite article the is the same for all persons in the singular and plural. the boy / the boys the girl / the girls the cat / the cats the computer / the computers We use the before: • rooms in the house Dad’s in the kitchen. • shops Carly is at the baker’s. • places in town Mum’s at the post office. • the words sun, moon, sky, country, mountains, seaside The sun is in the sky. • names of oceans, seas and rivers The Thames is a river in London. • family names in the plural The Smiths live in Chicago. We do not use the before: • names of singular countries, regions, mountains, islands and lakes France is beautiful. Lake Ontario is in Canada. • names of languages, school subjects, sports, colours, meals Italian is a wonderful language. I like maths. Football is a popular sport. Pink is my favourite colour. Breakfast is ready! • titles or singular names President Obama Mr Clark • days, months, festivals, time Christmas is in December. The party is on Monday at 8 p.m. Note! We say the USA, the United Kingdom, the British Isles, the Caribbean.

Write a or an.

1 2 3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10 11 12

______________ onion an ______________ dog ______________ exercise ______________ horse ______________ eagle ______________ hour

______________ table ______________ uniform ______________ hospital ______________ uncle ______________ yacht ______________ insect

Complete the sentences with a or an.

1 The Mini is ______________ English car. an 2 She’s ______________ Iranian student. 3 A pear is ______________ fruit. 4 Paul is ______________ honest man. 5 Emily is ______________ architect. 6 Australia isn’t ______________ European country.

UNIT 7 a / an, the

7 Look! There’s ______________ butterfly! 8 Crete is ______________ island in the Mediterranean. 9 Katie has got ______________ headache. 10 It is ______________ lovely day.

Make sentences. Use the expressions in the box and a / an where necessary. library foreign language sore throat apartment in New York American actor hairdresser

a library. 1 Jessica works in ______________________________ 2 My brother is _________________________________. 3 Andrew lives in ______________________________.

4 Write the where necessary or

where you do not need the definite article.

1 2 3 4 5

______________ blue is a lovely colour. Astronauts go to ______________ moon. Paris is ______________ capital of France. ______________ German is a difficult language. I love ______________ basketball. It’s my favourite sport! 6 How much is ______________ red coat? 7 ______________ new magazines are on the table.

4 Ben Stiller is _________________________________ . 5 Have you got ________________________________ ? 6 Lucy wants to learn _________________________ .

8 Excuse me, can you tell me how to get to ______________ train station? 9 I’ve got ______________ science today. 10 Sally is a vegetarian. She doesn’t eat ______________ meat. 11 ______________ Queen Elizabeth II lives in Buckingham Palace.

Complete the sentences with a / an, the or .

a 1 Canada is ______________ very big country. 2 Eric lives in ______________ London. 3 Paul and Janet eat ______________ lunch at 1 p.m. 4 Where’s ______________ cat? 5 Are you ______________ good student? 6 Sophie is ______________ interesting person.

7 ______________ new teacher is really nice. 8 Peter has ______________ breakfast in bed on ______________ Sundays. 9 Susan is ______________ nurse. 10 There is ______________ art exhibition in ______________ town centre on ______________ Sunday.

UNIT

this, that, these, those We use this (singular) and these (plural) for people and things that are close to the speaker.

This book is interesting.

We use that (singular) and those (plural) for people and things that are far away.

These books are boring.

That T-shirtâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s nice.

Those trousers are cool!

You can use the demonstratives this, that, these, those as adjectives or as pronouns. â&#x20AC;˘ They are adjectives when they go before a noun. This book is new. These books are new. That computer is old. Those computers are old. They are pronouns when there isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t a noun. This is my pen. These are my pens. That is my notebook. Those are my notebooks. Note! We also use this to introduce people. This is my friend, Karen. Jenny, this is Adam.

1 Write this or these. 1 2 3 4 5

______________ CD this ______________ apples ______________ children ______________ mouse ______________ dress

6 7 8 9 10

______________ people ______________ women ______________ bicycle ______________ knife ______________ shoes

6 7 8 9 10

______________ men ______________ teacher ______________ scissors ______________ shop ______________ ladies

2 Write that or those. 1 2 3 4 5

______________ house that ______________ pens ______________ train ______________ photographer ______________ flowers

Complete the sentences with this or these.

1 Do you like ______________ skirt? this 2 ______________ exercise is difficult. 3 Are ______________ pens red? 4 ______________ letters are for you. 5 Is ______________ your mobile phone?

6 ______________ biscuits are delicious. 7 ______________ is a new tablet. 8 Are ______________ oranges organic? 9 Is ______________ my plate? 10 ______________ games are boring.

Complete the sentences with that or those.

1 ______________ girls are in my class. Those 2 Lucy lives in ______________ house. 3 Who is ______________ boy? 4 ______________ trainers are really nice. 5 ______________ people are from Spain.

UNIT 8 this, that, these, those

6 Is ______________ your dog? 7 ______________ people are my mates. 8 ______________ is a horrible film. 9 ______________ earrings are wonderful. 10 Are ______________ your friends?

Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use this, that, these or those plus the words in the box. dress sister cherries girls house shoes

That house. 1 _____________ is my _____________

2 Do you like _____________?

3 How much are _____________?

4 _____________ is my _____________.

5 Are _____________ in your class?

6 _____________ cost £40.

UNIT

The time To ask and tell the time we use the verb to be in the third person singular. What time is it? / What’s the time? It’s four o’clock. It’s twelve. • We use a.m. (ante meridiem) to tell the time from midnight to midday with times from 1 to 12, and we use p.m. (post meridiem) from midday to midnight with the times from 1 to 12.

o’clock

9.00 a.m. It’s nine o’clock in the morning. 12.15 p.m. It’s (a) quarter past twelve in the afternoon. 7.30 p.m. It’s half past seven in the evening.

quarter to

quarter past

11.45 p.m. It’s (a) quarter to twelve at night. • To ask about a specific event we say What time is / are...? A What time is the meeting? B It’s at nine o’clock.

half past

What time is it? Write the times in full, adding in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at night. It’s five o’clock in the morning. 1 5.00 ___________________________________________ 6 6.55 ___________________________________________. 2 15.20 ___________________________________________. 7 20.45 ___________________________________________. 3 11.15 ___________________________________________. 8 16.00 ___________________________________________. 4 23.35 ___________________________________________. 9 17.05 ___________________________________________. 5 2.15 ___________________________________________. 10 4.10 ____________________________________________.

1 2 3 4 5

It’s 2.20 p.m. _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________. _________________________________________________. _________________________________________________. _________________________________________________.

6 7 8 9 10

4 5 6

What time do you have lunch? _________________________________________________. What time do you have dinner? _________________________________________________. What time do you go to bed? _________________________________________________.

Answer the questions.

1 2 3

Listen and write down the times you hear.

What time do you get up in the morning? _________________________________________________. What time do you have breakfast? _________________________________________________. What time do you go to school / work? _________________________________________________.

UNIT

Prepositions of time: on, in, at • on + days of the week, day + part of a day, dates and specific days on Tuesday, on Friday morning, on November 7th, on Christmas day, on my birthday • in + parts of the day, months, years, seasons, centuries in the morning / afternoon / evening, in January, in 2009, in (the) winter, in the 21st century • at + the time, some parts of the day, meals, festivals, the weekend at four o’clock, at noon / midday / midnight, at lunchtime, at Christmas / Easter, at the weekend, at weekends, at the beginning of the lesson, at the end of the lesson

1 Write on, in or at. 1 2 3 4 5 6

on ______________ Sunday ______________ 3.00 p.m. ______________ autumn ______________ the morning ______________ August 23rd ______________ breakfast time

______________ 2004 ______________ Tom’s birthday ______________ the end of the film ______________ the 19th century ______________ Halloween ______________ Monday morning

Complete the sentences with on, in or at.

on 1 There’s a party ______________ Saturday. 2 Paul is always hungry ______________ lunch time. 3 What do you usually do ______________ the weekend? 4 The garden is lovely ______________ spring.

7 8 9 10 11 12

5 The children get up late ______________ Sunday mornings. 6 School starts ______________ September. 7 My birthday is ______________ 30th October. 8 I like to look at the stars ______________ night.

Complete this text about the Tate Modern in London. Use the prepositions on, in or at.

The Tate Modern is a museum in London. It has a superb collection of contemporary and modern art. The museum opens (1) ______________ 10.00 (2) ______________ the morning. It closes (3) ______________ 6.00 (4) ______________ the evening, but (5) _____________ Fridays and Saturdays it closes (6) ______________ 22.00. It is closed (7) ______________ Christmas and (8) ______________ the 24th and 26th December. The museum closes (9) ______________ 18.00 (10) ______________ 31st December. Entrance is free!

UNIT

Question words The most common question words are: • what — to ask about things What time is it? What is this? • where — to ask about places A Where are you? B I’m in the kitchen. • when — to ask about times and dates When is your birthday? • why — to ask about reasons A Why is he angry? B Because the train is late. • who — to ask about people A Who is that man? B He’s my uncle. • how — to ask about feelings or about ‘in what way? A How do you come to school? B By bus. • how + adjective — to ask for exact information How tall is he? How old are you? The order of a sentence with question words is: question word + verb + subject What is your name? Where are they?

Match the questions and the answers.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

a b c d e f g h

I don’t know. She’s from France. She’s Brooke. It’s Jones. 1 I’m Mark. I’m fine, thanks. It’s a smartphone. He’s twelve.

Put the words in the correct order to make questions.

1 2 3 4

What’s your name? How old is he? How are you? Where is she from? What’s his surname? What’s this? Who’s she? Why is that man here?

Who / girl / that / ’s Who’s that girl? ________________________________________________ Where / Eiffel Tower / is / the ________________________________________________? Who / your / best friend / ’s ________________________________________________? When / Maria’s / is / birthday ________________________________________________?

5 6 7 8

What / in / box / the / is ________________________________________________? Who / favourite / are / singers / your ________________________________________________? Why / Moscow / are / in / you ________________________________________________? How / is / old / dog / your ________________________________________________?

1 2 3 4 5 6

UNIT 11 Question words

Write the correct question word. Then listen and check. A ______________ old are you? How B I’m 19. A ______________ are you from? B I’m from Bath. A ______________ tall are you? B I’m 1.70 cm. A ______________’s your name? B My name’s Audrey. A ______________ is Paul? B He’s in the kitchen. A _____________ is that man with the black hat? B That’s Simon.

7 8 9 10 11 12

A ______________ are you? B Fine, thanks. A ______________ ’s your job? B I’m a vet. A ______________ is the party? B It’s tonight! A ______________ is he sad? B He’s got a headache. A ______________ are they? B They’re my cousins. A ______________ is dinner ready? B In half an hour.

Choose the correct questions for the answers. Where is Jim? What time is the piano lesson? Where is your flat? Why is she nervous? How do you go to school? How old is your brother? What’s your favourite colour? What’s this? When is your birthday? Who are those boys? How high is that mountain? How is your mother?

this? 1 What’s _________________________________________________ It’s my lucky charm. 2 _________________________________________________ Green. 3 _________________________________________________ They’re the new boys in our class. 4 _________________________________________________ By bike. 5 _________________________________________________ She’s very well, thanks. 6 _________________________________________________ It’s at 6 p.m.

7 8 9 10 11 12

_________________________________________________ It’s about 1,300 metres high. _________________________________________________ It’s on Sunday. _________________________________________________ It’s near the town centre. _________________________________________________ He’s twenty-two. _________________________________________________ Because there’s a maths test today. _________________________________________________ He’s in his bedroom.

UNIT

Personal object pronouns SUBJECT PRONOUNS

OBJECT PRONOUNS

I you he she it we you they

me you him her it us you them

Pronouns are words we use in the place of a full noun. We use subject pronouns as the subject of the verb. I like Timothy. You are late. We live in England. He is my friend. We use object pronouns as: • the object of the verb Timothy likes me. She doesn’t like him.

I can see you. We don’t eat tomatoes. We don’t like them.

• after prepositions Give it to him. This letter isn’t for me. It’s for you. We’re going to the cinema. Do you want to come with us?

1 Underline the correct pronoun. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Complete the sentences with he, him, she, her, they or them.

1 2 3

Are these cakes for us / we? A Where is Katy? B She / Her is at school. The teacher always gives them / they homework. Please listen to she / her. I / Me like ice cream. This CD is for he / him. Susan always helps me / I. I often go to lunch with she / her.

A Does your father speak English? B Yes, ______________ speaks English. he A Where are your friends? B ______________ are very late!’ A I don’t like this actress. B Really? I like ______________.

4 5 6

A Where are the children? B I can’t see ______________. A I don’t know that man. B Do you know ______________? A Where is Ann? B ______________ is in Madrid this week.

Replace the underlined words with object pronouns.

1 My sister is in the garden with John. My _________________________________________________ sister is in the garden with him. 2 David often goes out with his friends. _________________________________________________. 3 Close the door, please. _________________________________________________. 4 These ice creams are for my brother and I. _________________________________________________.

Who is that girl with Judy? _________________________________________________. She is crazy about horror films. _________________________________________________. Laura always plays basketball with Tim _________________________________________________. Max visits his grandfather every week. _________________________________________________.

Complete the sentences with the correct subject or object pronoun.

1 Julie knows Sally. ______________ knows ______________. She her 2 John studies with Paul and Joe. ______________ studies with ______________. 3 Mark plays basketball with Sue and Amy. ______________ plays basketball with ______________.

5 6 7 8

4 Mary eats two sandwiches for lunch. ______________ eats ______________ for lunch. 5 Mr and Mrs Smith live near school. ______________ live near ______________. 6 John and I see Sarah and you every day. ______________ see ______________ every day.

Replace the underlined words with a subject pronoun and an object pronoun. 1 Mr and Mrs Simms donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t like rock concerts. They donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t like them. _________________________________________________ 2 Daniel plays with his dogs. _________________________________________________. 3 Pass the newspaper to Rose, please. _________________________________________________. 4 Does Thomas argue with Lisa? _________________________________________________. 5 Rita has a present for Chris and you. _________________________________________________. 6 Those flowers are for Sonia and me. _________________________________________________. 7 Karen reads her brothers a story every evening. _________________________________________________. 8 My friends and I take the dog for a walk every day. _________________________________________________.

UNIT 12 Personal object pronouns

UNIT

Possessive adjectives and pronouns SUBJECT PRONOUNS

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS

I you he she it we you they

my your his her its our your their

mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs

Possessive adjectives are used with nouns to say that something belongs to a person or thing. Is this your MP3 player? This is my sister, Julie. Possessive pronouns are used to substitute a noun and show possession. This is my bag. (adjective) This bag is mine. (pronoun) Is this your coat? (adjective) Yes, it’s mine. (pronoun) • We do not use an article before a possessive adjective or pronoun This is the mine. This is the your desk. • Possessive adjectives and pronouns have the same form in the singular and plural This is her book. These are her books. This book isn’t mine. Is it yours? These books aren’t mine. Are they yours? In English possessive adjectives and pronouns always agree with the possessor. This is Susan. Her father is a doctor and her mother is an actress. A Is this Peter’s bike? B Yes, it’s his. Note! Don’t confuse its (possessive) and it’s (‘it is’). The dog wants its dinner. It’s half past nine. Note!

We use Whose...? to ask about the possessor. A Whose pen is that? / Whose is that pen? B It’s mine. A Whose keys are these? / Whose are these keys? B They’re yours. Underline the correct possessive adjective.

1 He’s my brother. His / Her name is Brian. 2 Sally brushes his / her teeth every morning. 3 What’s your / its surname, madam? 4 Josh and Craig are German. Their / My father is from Berlin.

5 Is this its / my pen? 6 Anna has a cat. Your / Its name is Snowy. 7 We are Lucy and Chris. We live with our / her parents. 8 Thomas, Daniel! Where are your / his schoolbags?

Complete the sentences with the correct possessive adjectives. Then listen and check. my I wash ______________ hands before dinner. 5 We always park ______________ car in the Mary has long hair and ______________ eyes garage. are blue. 6 Tom and ______________ sister Katy are twins. I have a beautiful Siamese cat; ______________ 7 Children! Where are ______________ fur is beige and very soft. schoolbooks? British people love ______________ pets very 8 Here’s my key! Where’s ______________ key, much! dad?

1 2

Complete the sentences with the correct possessive pronouns.

1 2 3 4

It’s my house. It’s ______________. mine It’s his hat. It’s ______________. They’re our children. They’re ______________. It’s my MP3 player. It’s ______________.

5 6 7 8

It’s her bag. It’s ______________. They’re your pencils. They’re ______________. It’s their dog. It’s ______________. This is your belt. It’s ______________.

4 Underline the correct possessive pronoun. 1 2 3 4

This dress is really nice! Is it your / yours ? A Whose DVDs are these? B They are their / theirs. The blue T-shirt isn’t mine / my. These photos aren’t hers / her. Are they your / yours?

5 I can’t find my mobile phone. Can I borrow yours / mine? 6 Your photos are beautiful. Ours / Our are awful!

Complete with the correct possessive adjective or pronoun.

1 A Is this their dog? B Yes, it’s ______________. theirs 2 Michael is married. ______________ wife is called Laura. 3 Susan is coming to the party on her own. ______________ boyfriend is at work. 4 Don’t touch that computer. It isn’t ______________.

5 ______________ best friend lives in Scotland. I only see her during the holidays. 6 ______________ cake is delicious, Mary. 7 A Is this your bag, Susan? B No, it’s not ______________. It’s Sarah’s. 8 A Whose car is that? John or Sylvia’s? B That’s ______________. John hates convertibles.

6 Write questions with the prompts and whose. Then answer them with the correct possessive pronoun. 1 2 3

this car (I) A ______________________________________________ Whose car is this? B ______________________________________________ It’s mine. these keys (she) A ______________________________________________? B ______________________________________________. that guidebook (we) A ______________________________________________? B ______________________________________________.

4 5 6

these CDs (they) A ______________________________________________? B ______________________________________________. this camera (you) A ______________________________________________? B ______________________________________________. these jeans (he) A ______________________________________________? B ______________________________________________.

UNIT 13 Possessive adjectives and pronouns

UNIT

The possessive ’s The possessive is used to indicate possession or connection. We use it to talk about other people’s things, their friends and family. We can also use it with animals. Look at the sentence structure: possessor + ’s / ’ (apostrophe) + possession Those are Matt’s CDs. (his CDs) To form the possessive: • we add ’s to single nouns Mark’s dog That is Olivia’s house. • we add an apostrophe (’) to regular plural nouns the babies’ toys the boys’ passports • we add ’s to irregular plural nouns the children’s schoolbags the women’s dresses • we can add either ’s or an apostrophe (’) to proper nouns ending in Thomas’s / Thomas’ bedroom • when more than one possessor shares a possession, we add ’s only to the last one Tim and Alice’s dog Note! John’s and Sophie’s bikes (two different bikes) • We do not use the possessive form to talk about relationships between objects. We use the preposition of (not an apostrophe). What’s the name of the road? NOT What’s the road’s name? We can use a possessive ’s without a following noun, to avoid repeating words. Whose book is that? It’s Tim’s (book). Whose trainers are they? They’re Sara’s (trainers).

Make possessive forms by adding ’s or the apostrophe (’) .

1 my mother ’s______________ handbag 2 Alice and John ______________ house 3 their grandchild ______________ birthday 4 Patrick ______________ books

the thieves ______________ car the musicians ______________ instruments my brother ______________ motorbike the children ______________ toys

Rewrite the sentences following the example.

1 _________________________________________________ It’s Tina’s book. It’s her book. (Tina) 2 _________________________________________________. They’re his trainers. (Jeff) 3 _________________________________________________. It’s his laptop. (Charles) 4 _________________________________________________. They’re her CDs. (Mary)

5 6 7 8

5 _________________________________________________. It’s their puppy. (Anna and Rob) 6 _________________________________________________. It’s their bedroom. (the girls) 7 _________________________________________________. It’s her house. (my sister) 8 _________________________________________________. It’s their suitcase. (my parents)

UNIT 14 The possessive ’s

Look at the family tree and complete the sentences. Fred and Mavis are married. They have got two daughters, Daisy and Christina, and a son, Jack. Jack is married to Louise. They have got three children. Christina is married to Paul. They have got a daughter, Emily.

1 Mavis is ______________ wife. Fred’s 2 Fred is Daisy, Jack and ______________ father. 3 Daisy, Jack and Christina are Fred and ______________ children. 4 Jack is ______________ husband. 5 Emily is Christina and ______________ daughter.

Use the prompts to write questions with Whose...? and then write answers.

1 2 3

6 Louise is ______________ aunt. 7 Emily is Ben, Robert and ______________ cousin. 8 Ben, Robert, Polly and Emily are Fred and ______________ grandchildren.

football / my brother Whose football is this? A _____________________________________________ B _____________________________________________ It’s my brother’s. books / my sister A _____________________________________________? B _____________________________________________. computer / the teacher A _____________________________________________? B _____________________________________________.

4 5 6

sunglasses / Michael A _____________________________________________? B _____________________________________________. cat / my parents A _____________________________________________? B _____________________________________________. bedroom / Colin and Catherine A _____________________________________________? B _____________________________________________.

Use the prompts to make sentences with the possessive form.

1 daughter / Smiths _________________________________ lives in Paris. The Smiths’ daughter 2 job / Andrew What’s _________________________________? 3 toys / children Are these _________________________________?

4 clothes / your sister I love _________________________________. 5 birthday / my best friend It’s _________________________________ tomorrow. 6 cat / my neighbours That is _________________________________.

UNIT

Adjectives and adverbs We use adjectives to describe people and things: a black car a little dog a new bike an English motorbike The form of adjectives never changes: a pretty girl two pretty girls a good book two good books Adjectives normally go before the noun: She’s got brown hair. Note! Adjectives can go after the verb to be: This cake is delicious! My brother is angry. Our new neighbours are German. We use the question ‘What... like?’ to ask for a description of a person, place or thing. What’s the restaurant like? What are Linda’s parents like? It’s really good. They’re really friendly. We use adverbs to describe how we do something or how something happens. He plays the piano badly. We generally form adverbs by adding to adjectives. quick → quickly bad → badly careful → carefully slow → slowly For adjectives ending in a consonant + , change the to . heavy → heavily easy → easily For adjectives ending in , remove the and add . simple → simply terrible → terribly For adjectives ending in , we add . fantastic → fantastically Some adverbs are irregular and you need to learn them by heart! fast → fast high → high hard → hard good → well

Put the adjective in the correct position, then write the plural.

1 a pen (new) __________________________ a new pen, new pens 2 a person (thirsty) __________________________ 3 a building (modern) __________________________

Find the opposites in the wordsearch. Then find an adjective which describes London.

1 black 2 thin 3 early 4 happy 5 big 6 rich 7 beautiful 8 expensive 9 hot 10 new 11 slow 12 difficult 13 tall

4 a suitcase (heavy) __________________________ 5 a jacket (expensive) __________________________ 6 a boy (tall) __________________________

______________ white ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

Complete the sentences with the following adjectives. Then listen and check.

comfortable expensive tiny easy long pretty interesting difficult 1 2 3 4

1 2 3

This museum is very ______________ interesting. A ladybird is a ______________ insect. My brother’s got a ______________ girlfriend. I think Chinese is a ______________ language.

5 6 7 8

This jacket is not ______________. It’s only £20. These trainers are very ______________. This is an ______________ exercise. My sister has got ______________ hair.

Put the words in the correct order. Then listen and check. city / Venice / beautiful / a / is ________________________________________________ Venice is a beautiful city. blue / I’ve / eyes / got ________________________________________________. fish and chips / an / meal / is / English ________________________________________________.

4 5 6

teacher / your / is / strict ________________________________________________? brother / likes / my / films / scary ________________________________________________. got / Lucy / new / digital camera / has / a ________________________________________________.

5 Make questions and write answers. You can use the adjectives in the previous exercises to help you. 1 2 3

your mother What’s your mother like? A ______________________________________________ B ______________________________________________ She’s very kind. that book A ______________________________________________? B ______________________________________________. New York A ______________________________________________? B ______________________________________________.

4 5 6

your best friend A ______________________________________________? B ______________________________________________. Italian food A ______________________________________________? B ______________________________________________. the new house A ______________________________________________? B ______________________________________________.

6 7 8 9 10

quiet angry kind magic beautiful

Write the adverbs.

1 loud 2 interesting 3 nice 4 complete 5 happy

______________ loudly ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

Change the adjectives in brackets into adverbs and complete the sentences. slowly 1 Please speak ______________ so everyone 4 Tom and I are in a band. Tom plays the understands. (slow) guitar well, but I sing ______________! (bad) 2 José speaks English ______________. (perfect) 5 They never drive ______________. (careless) 3 The children always behave ______________. 6 Susan eats ______________. (healthy) (good)

UNIT 15 Adjectives and adverbs

UNIT

have got AFFIRMATIVE

SHORT FORM

NEGATIVE

SHORT FORM

I have got You have got He has got She has got It has got We have got You have got They have got

I’ve got You’ve got He’s got She’s got It’s got We’ve got You’ve got They’ve got

I have not got You have not got He has not got She has not got It has not got We have not got You have not got They have not got

I haven’t got You haven’t got He hasn’t got She hasn’t got It hasn’t got We haven’t got You haven’t got They haven’t got

INTERROGATIVE

SHORT ANSWERS

Have I got...? Have you got...? Has he got...? Has she got...? Has it got...? Have we got...? Have you got...? Have they got...?

Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. Yes, you have. / No, you haven’t. Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t. Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t. Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t. Yes, we have. / No, we haven’t. Yes, you have. / No, you haven’t. Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t.

We use have got to talk about possession, family relationships and illnesses. They haven’t a got a cat. Martin has got a sailing boat. Alice has got two brothers. I’ve got a toothache. Note! The short forms of the 3rd person singular have and be are identical. Tim’s tired. = Tim is tired. Tim’s got a dog. = Tim has got a dog. Note! In short answers we do not repeat got. Has Toby got blond hair? Yes, he has.

Complete the sentences with have got or has got.

have got two brothers. 1 Emily and I ______________ 2 Daniel ______________ blond hair and blue eyes. 3 My neighbours ______________ a big dog.

Complete the sentences with haven’t got or hasn’t got.

hasn’t got a car. She’s got 1 Sarah ______________ a bicycle. 2 A Where are my keys? B I don’t know. I ______________ them. 3 Tom wants to go to the concert but he ______________ a ticket.

4 Thomas ______________ a toothache. 5 Claire and Stephen ______________ lots of friends. 6 I ______________ a new DVD player.

4 We don’t like TV. We ______________ a television. 5 Luca is shy. He ______________ a lot of friends. 6 They ______________ a swimming pool in their garden.

Put the words in the correct order.

1 2 3 4

giraffe / long / a / neck / got / has / a A giraffe has got a long neck. _________________________________________________ two / two / got / birds / wings / have / and / legs _________________________________________________. haven’t / got / hair / I / long _________________________________________________. pet / we / got / a / haven’t _________________________________________________.

5 6 7 8

new / Olivia / got / boyfriend / a / has _________________________________________________. James / has / a / got / brother / baby _________________________________________________. got / Tim / a / headache / has _________________________________________________. haven’t / they / horse / got / a _________________________________________________.

Choose the correct answer. Then listen and check.

1 A Have you got a new bike? B Yes, ______________ I have. a I have got b I’ve got c ✓ I have

5 A Has Eric got a fast car? B No, ______________. He’s got a motorbike. a he has b he hasn’t c he’s got

2 I ______________ a red coat. I’ve got a blue one. a have got b haven’t got c not have

6 A Have you got dark hair? B No, ______________. I’ve got ginger hair. a I have b I haven’t c I haven’t got

3 A ______________ curly hair? B No, she hasn’t. a Has Susan got b Have Susan got c Has got Susan

7 A What ______________ in your rucksack? B I’ve got my keys, CDs and schoolbooks. a got b have you got c has got

4 Those children ______________ three pets. a has got b has c have got

8 My little brother ______________ a stomach ache. a have b haven’t got has got c

Make the negative and interrogative form of the following sentences.

1 2 3

He’s got a toothache. He hasn’t got a toothache. ________________________________________________ Has he got a toothache? ________________________________________________ Charlie has got a pet cat. ________________________________________________. ________________________________________________? We have got lovely friends. ________________________________________________. ________________________________________________?

4 5 6

I have got a big bedroom. ________________________________________________. ________________________________________________? Your house has got a garden. ________________________________________________. ________________________________________________? They have got a lot of homework. ________________________________________________. ________________________________________________?

UNIT 16 have got

Look at the pictures and write sentences about Ann.

1 a motorbike / a car Ann hasn’t got a motorbike. __________________________________ She’s got a car. __________________________________

2 a boyfriend / a dog 3 long hair / short hair __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________

4 one goldfish / two goldfish 5 one sister / two sisters 6 a rabbit / a horse __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________

Listen and underline the correct alternative to complete the text.

The British love animals. Many families (1) have got / has got one or two pets. Dogs, cats and rabbits are popular pets. But some people (2) haven’t got / have got unusual pets. Sara is fifteen years old. She (3) has got / have got a donkey. It is called Jack. (4) It is got / It’s got brown and white fur. (5) It is / It’s got very large ears and a long tail. (6) It’s / It’s got friendly and playful.

1 2 3 4

Make questions for these answers. Then listen and check. Have they got a house? ________________________________________________ Yes, they’ve got a beautiful house. ________________________________________________? Yes, I’ve got a lot of homework. ________________________________________________? Yes, he has. He’s got a motorbike, too. ________________________________________________? Yes, she’s got two dogs and a cat.

5 6 7 8

________________________________________________? No, I haven’t. I prefer walking to driving. ________________________________________________? Yes, it’s got a library with lots of books. ________________________________________________? No, he’s got the flu. ________________________________________________? Yes, we have. It takes excellent photos.

1 2 3

you / pair of jeans ✓ A ______________________________________________ Have you got a pair of jeans? B ______________________________________________ Yes, I have. he / twin brother ✓ A ______________________________________________? B ______________________________________________. the flat / big kitchen A ______________________________________________? B ______________________________________________.

4 5 6

you / English dictionary ✓ A ______________________________________________? B ______________________________________________. it / long tail ✓ A ______________________________________________? B ______________________________________________. they / two daughters A ______________________________________________? B ______________________________________________.

10 Look at the pictures, choose the correct illness from the box and write sentences with have got. toothache a headache the flu stomach ache backache earache

got earache. 1 She’s __________________________________

2 She ___________________________.

3 He ______________________________.

4 He ______________________________.

5 She _____________________________.

6 She ____________________________.

Write 8 sentences about you. Use the words from the box to help you. a Ferrari a dog brothers or sisters a computer a job a headache blue eyes a cat a mobile phone a grammar book a passport

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8

UNIT 16 have got

9 Write questions and short answers using the prompts.

UNIT

Countable and uncountable nouns; a / an, some, any, no Nouns can be countable or uncountable. are for things that we can count. They can be singular or plural. We use with the singular form. We use a number or / before the plural form. a / one car, two cars an apple some books, ten books Have we got any eggs? are for things that we cannot count. They have only the singular form and we do not use a / an before uncountable nouns. We use some / any before uncountable nouns for non-specific quantities. some sugar Would you like some water? Is there any orange juice in the fridge? There isn’t any bread. With some uncountable nouns we can use expressions to describe quantity: a bottle of water a piece of cheese a cup of coffee a bar of chocolate a spoonful of sugar a slice of cake Note! We use in negative sentences with an affirmative verb. There are no biscuits. There is no milk.

Complete the table with the words from the box. tree news toy music children table mountains flower homework photo knives petrol snow CDs love

Singular countable _____________________________________ tree _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________

Plural countable _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________

Complete the sentences with a / an, some or any.

1 There is ______________ rice in the cupboard. some 2 Lucas has got ______________ new mobile phone. 3 There isn’t ______________ salt in this salad. 4 I’m thirsty. I want ______________ water.

5 The Times is ______________ English newspaper. 6 Are there ______________ books about art in the library?

Match the beginnings and endings to make sentences.

1 2 3 4

My homework is difficult. I need... I want to go to the cinema but... Are you hungry? There are... Ann likes to do things by herself. She doesn’t want... 5 Lily and Sam have got... 6 There are...

Uncountable _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________

a b c d e f

any help. some sandwiches in the kitchen. no hotels in this town. some help. some interesting friends. there aren’t any good films.

Write questions and answers.

1 tea ✓ there any tea in the teapot? Is ________________________________________________ there is some. Yes, ________________________________________________ 2 students there any students in the library? Are ________________________________________________ No, ________________________________________________ there aren’t any. 3 meat ✓ ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________. 4 socks ✓ ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________.

Rewrite these sentences in the negative and interrogative forms.

1 2 3 4

5 peaches ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________. 6 bread ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________. 7 soup ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________. 8 children ✓ ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________.

I’ve got some books. I________________________________________________ haven’t got any books. ________________________________________________ Have I got any books? You’ve got some sandwiches. ________________________________________________. ________________________________________________? There is some information. ________________________________________________. ________________________________________________? I’ve got some emails to send. ________________________________________________. ________________________________________________?

5 6 7 8

There’s some milk in the fridge. ________________________________________________. ________________________________________________? The butcher’s got some meat. ________________________________________________. ________________________________________________? We‘ve got some time to waste. ________________________________________________. ________________________________________________? There are some apples on the tree. ________________________________________________. ________________________________________________?

Listen and complete the conversation.

Tom So how do you make pancakes? Sarah Well, first you break (1) ______________ two eggs in a bowl. Then in another bowl you mix (2) ______________ cups of flour and (3) ______________ teaspoon of salt. Tom OK, that’s easy. Sarah Then you add the eggs to the flour and mix everything together. Tom Do you need (4) ______________ sugar? Sarah No, you don’t need (5) ______________ sugar at the moment. Now, add (6) ______________ milk to the mixture and whisk everything together. Next, melt (7) ______________ butter in a pan and then pour (8) ______________ tablespoon of mixture in the pan and cook for (9) ______________ minutes until the pancakes are golden brown.

Tom Then my favourite bit! We can put (10) ______________ sugar on the pancakes. Sarah Have you got (11) ______________ lemon juice? I love lemon and sugar on pancakes!

UNIT 17 Countable and uncountable nouns; a / an, some, any, no

UNIT

How much?, How many? To ask questions about quantity we use: How much...? How many...? We use much with singular (uncountable) nouns: A How much food is there? A How much milk do you want? B There are two hamburgers and a pizza. B Two cartons, please. We use many with plurals: A How many CDs have you got? B I’ve got fifty CDs.

A How many days are there in a year? B There are 365.

Note! We use How much...? to ask about the price of singular and plural nouns. A How much is the yellow dress? A How much are the trainers? B It’s £45. B They’re £59.99.

Complete the sentences with much or many. Then listen and check.

CDs have you got? 1 How ______________ many 2 How ______________ classrooms are there in your school? 3 How ______________ coffee do you drink per day?

Write questions using How much...? and How many...?

1 2 3 4

4 How ______________ appointments have you got today? 5 How ______________ sugar do you want? 6 How ______________ time is there?

homework / your sister How much homework has your sister got? ________________________________________________ money / you ________________________________________________? cheese / in the fridge ________________________________________________? DVDs / you ________________________________________________?

5 6 7 8

furniture / in your house ________________________________________________? traffic / on the road _____________ is there _________________________? rooms / house ________________________________________________? friends / your sister ________________________________________________?

Use the prompts to write questions. Then choose the answers from the words in the box. seven fifty about one / two litres one hundred about five / six litres twenty

1 2 3

days / in a week How many days are there in a week? ________________________________________________ seven ________________________________________________ milk teeth / children ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________ blood / in a person’s body? ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________

4 5 6

cents / in a euro ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________ states / in the USA ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________ water / we need to drink / every day ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________

UNIT

much, many, a lot of MUCH

MANY

A LOT OF / LOTS OF

uncountable

countable

countable and uncountable

questions and negative sentences

questions, negative and positive (formal) sentences

all sentences

Much, many and a lot of mean ‘a large quantity of’. We use much with uncountable nouns and many with plural countable nouns, in negative sentences and questions. Are there many shops in London? She hasn’t got much time today. We can use a lot of or lots of + noun with countable and uncountable nouns, in positive sentences, negative sentences and questions. There are a lot of / lots of stars in the sky tonight. There is a lot of milk in the fridge. Note! We can use many in positive sentences, but in spoken English it is more natural to use a lot of / lots of. I know a lot of people. (spoken English) Many people study foreign languages. (written English)

Underline the correct form.

1 There’s very / a lot of salt on the chips. 2 Has Daniel got much / many posters in his bedroom? 3 There are lots of / much monuments in Rome.

4 Rob’s got many / much computer games. 5 Do they spend a lot of / many money on clothes? 6 Rose doesn’t eat much / many ice cream.

Complete the sentences with much or many.

1 There aren’t ______________ factories in many Cambridge. 2 He doesn’t spend ______________ time on his homework. 3 Have they got ______________ friends at school?

4 There aren’t ______________ cinemas in the town. 5 Is there ______________ snow in the mountains? 6 Does this baker’s sell ______________ different types of bread? Tom Daley 3 Read about Tom Daley. Complete the negative sentences with much or many. Use a lot of / lots of for the other sentences. I haven’t got (1) ______________ free time because I train (2) ______________ hours every week. I’ve got (3) ______________ fans and I receive (4) ______________ emails and letters. I don’t go out (5) ______________ but I’ve got (6) ______________ hobbies. I love going to the cinema with my friends. I don’t eat (7) ______________ sweets or cakes but I do eat (8) ______________ fruit and vegetables. I’ve got (9) ______________ medals and prizes for diving.

UNIT

Ordinal numbers and dates ORDINAL NUMBERS 1st first 2nd second 3rd third 4th fourth 5th fifth 6th sixth 7th seventh 8th eighth

9th ninth 10th tenth 11th eleventh 12th twelfth 13th thirteenth 14th fourteenth 15th fifteenth 16th sixteenth

17th seventeenth 18th eighteenth 19th nineteenth 20th twentieth 21st twenty-first 22nd twenty-second 23rd twenty-third 24th twenty-fourth

25th twenty-fifth 26th twenty-sixth 27th twenty-seventh 28th twenty-eighth 29th twenty-ninth 30th thirtieth 40th fortieth 50th fiftieth

We use ordinal numbers: • for dates 3rd October = the third of October / October the third • to describe a position or rank Manchester United are third in the league. I live on the ninth floor. The first prize goes to Mr Bean! • to talk about birthdays It’s Amanda’s twenty-first birthday. In English, how we write the date is not the same as how we say the date. 1st Jan, 2012 / January 1st 2012 the first of January, twenty twelve / January the first, twenty twelve To talk about the year we say: 2000 = the year two thousand 1999 = nineteen ninety-nine 2005 = two thousand and five 2012 = twenty twelve Note! In British English we put the day before the month. 5/10/2004 = 5th October, 2004 In American English the month is usually before the day. 5/10/2004 = May 10th 2004

Write the ordinal numbers in words.

1 2nd ___________________________________________ 2 10th ___________________________________________ 3 23rd ___________________________________________ 4 16th ___________________________________________

Complete the sentences with the number in brackets.

1 January is the ______________ month of the first year. (1) 2 Liverpool FC are ______________ in the premier league. (4) 3 March is the ______________ month of the year. (3)

5 1st ___________________________________________ 6 33rd ___________________________________________ 7 14th ___________________________________________ 8 4th ___________________________________________

4 Chris lives on the __________________ floor. (9) 5 Amy’s ______________ birthday is on the ______________ of September. (16, 21) 6 There are ten people in the queue. We are ______________ in line. (7)

1 2 3 4

Listen and write the ordinal numbers you hear. tenth _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________

5 6 7 8

_________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________

5 6 7 8

_________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________

Listen and write the dates of birth. 16/07/1989 _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________

Look at the notice board and answer the questions. Write the dates as you would pronounce them.

birthday • To m’s 6th Dec

• Scho ol meeting

• Halloween party

31st Oct

• Football match

23rd January

15th May

1 2

When is the football match? It’s on the twenty-third of January. _________________________________________________ When is Tom’s birthday? _________________________________________________.

3 4

When is the Halloween party? _______________________________________________. When is the school meeting? _______________________________________________.

4 5 6

When is Valentine’s Day? _________________________________________________. When is your best friend’s birthday? _________________________________________________. When is Independence Day in the United States? _______________________________________.

Answer the questions.

1 2 3

When is your birthday? _________________________________________________. When is Christmas Day? _________________________________________________. When is New Year’s Day? _________________________________________________.

UNIT 20 Ordinal numbers and dates

UNIT

The imperative We form the imperative of the second person, singular and plural, with the infinitive of the verb without to. Stop shouting! We form the negative imperative with don’t + infinitive (without to). Don’t forget your mobile! We form the imperative of the first-person plural with let’s + infinitive (without to). Let’s go out tonight! We form the negative imperative of the first-person plural with let’s not + infinitive (without to). Let’s not arrive late at the party. The imperative is used: • to ask or tell someone to do something • to give advice or a warning • to give instructions • to make offers and suggestions

Open the window, please. Be careful! Press the green button. Have another biscuit! Let’s have a break.

Note! We use please when we want to be more polite. Close the door, please.

Match the correct imperative to each sign. Do not dive. Don’t pick flowers. Turn right. Do not feed the animals. Drive slowly.

Turn right 1 ____________________. 2 ____________________. 3 ____________________. 4 ____________________. 5 ____________________.

Make the following sentences negative.

1 2

Write a letter. Don’t write a letter. _________________________________________________ Open the window. _________________________________________________.

Sit down. _________________________________________________. Put on your shoes. _________________________________________________.

Complete the following sentences by putting the verb in brackets in the affirmative or negative. Then listen and check.

1 __________ Wash (wash) your hands before you eat. 2 The water’s boiling. ______________ (put) some salt in it. 3 ______________ (be) late for dinner! 4 ______________ (eat) lots of fruit and vegetables. They’re good for you!

3 4

5 ______________ (touch) that wire. It’s sharp. 6 ______________ (try) not to be so shy. 7 Hello Jack! ______________ (come) in and ______________ (have) a cup of tea. 8 ______________ (stand) under a tree during a thunderstorm!

Match the two columns to make instructions and suggestions.

1 2 3 4 5 6

We’re late. I’m bored. I’m hungry. It’s cold outside. Look at the mess! It’s really hot today.

a b c d e f

Let’s have a sandwich. Let’s go to the beach. Let’s play tennis. Let’s go to class. Don’t leave the window open. Tidy your bedroom now!

Complete the letter by using the verbs in the box. Be careful to use the affirmative or negative forms. have turn come call be bring open take touch forget

Dear Amanda, (1) Come and see me next weekend. I’m in a house by the beach. It’s lovely here! (2) ________________ to bring your swimming costume! Here are the directions: at the crossroads, (3) ________________ right and continue to the end of Dean Road. (4) ________________ the first on the left. (5) ________________ careful! It’s a dangerous road. (6) ________________ a jacket. It’s quite cold in the evenings. If I’m not at home when you arrive, (7) ________________ me on my mobile. Otherwise, the key is under the orange plant pot in the garden. (8) ________________ the front door and (9) ________________ a drink. Oh, (10) ________________ my dog, Jack. He isn’t very friendly!!

Look at this advice for tourists visiting New York. Then think of some ideas and advice to help tourists visiting the capital city of your country. Write at least 4 sentences in the imperative.

Don’t take taxis because they’re expensive.

Use public transport.

1 __________________________________________________. 2 __________________________________________________.

Visit the museums.

Have a picnic in Central Park.

3 __________________________________________________. 4 __________________________________________________.

UNIT 21 The imperative

UNIT

Expressions with have We use have (and not have got) in a lot of common expressions to talk about actions and experiences. Here are some common expressions with have: Have a nice trip! Have fun! Have a lovely weekend! Have a holiday! have a drink / a meal have a break / a rest have a shower / bath have breakfast / lunch / dinner have a snack have a party have a swim / a walk / a game of... have a chat / a talk In these expressions, have is used as the principle verb. Questions and negatives are formed with do. A What time do you have dinner? B We have dinner at about seven o’clock. A Does she have eggs for breakfast? B No, she doesn’t have a big breakfast. She only has a cup of coffee.

Write the correct expression under each picture. Remember to use have. an accident a party a rest a cup of tea a maths lesson a baby

1 Have a party!

2 ___________________________________.

3 ___________________________________.

4 ___________________________________.

5 ___________________________________.

6 ___________________________________.

Match the two parts of the sentences.

1 2 3 4

I’m visiting my friends today. I’m bored! I’m really thirsty. My flight leaves at 5 p.m.

a b c d

Have a safe journey. Why don’t you? Have a nice day! Have a drink!

Complete the following sentences using have and the expressions in the box. Then listen and check. a snack a shower a drink a rest fun good journey

1 2 3

A I’m really tired. a rest. B __Have ____________________________________________ A Shall we ___________________________________? B No, I’m not hungry. A Our flight leaves at 10.00 a.m. We’re very excited. B ______________________________________________!

A I am so dirty! B ______________________________________________! A I’m really thirsty. B ______________________________________________! A There’s a party at Sally’s house tonight. B ______________________________________________!

Write questions with have and then answer them.

1 2 3

4 5 6

When / you / a shower When do you have a shower? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ I usually have a shower in the morning. What / you / for breakfast ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________. Where / you / lunch ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________.

4 5 6

What time / breakfast / on Sundays ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________. What day / an English lesson ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________. How often / dinner / in a restaurant ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________.

Complete the sentences with have and a suitable expression. Use the words in the box to help you or your own ideas. swim shower party game dinner piano lessons

have a party every 1 The people next door __________________ Christmas. 2 Let’s __________________ on Saturday at that new restaurant in town. 3 I usually __________________ before breakfast.

4 Those boys love football. They always __________________ after school. 5 Sam likes to keep fit, so he __________________ every day at the local swimming pool. 6 My children __________________ once a week.

Write appropriate responses to these statements using have.

1 I’m hot and thirsty. ________________________________________________ Have something to drink! 2 I’m exhausted. ________________________________________________!

3 4

I’m going skiing this weekend. ________________________________________________! I’m starving. ________________________________________________!

UNIT 22 Expressions with have

UNIT

Present simple AFFIRMATIVE

NEGATIVE

SHORT FORM

I work. You work. He works. She works. It works. We work. You work. They work.

I do not work. You do not work. He does not work. She does not work. It does not work. We do not work. You do not work. They do not work.

I don’t work. You don’t work. He doesn’t work. She doesn’t work. It doesn’t work. We don’t work. You don’t work. They don’t work

INTERROGATIVE

SHORT ANSWERS

Do I work? Do you work? Does he work? Does she work? Does it work? Do we work? Do you work? Do they work?

Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. Yes, you do. / No, you don’t. Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t. Yes, it does. / No, it doesn’t. Yes, we do. / No, we don’t. Yes, you do. / No, you don’t. Yes, they do. / No, they don’t.

To form the affirmative we use the base form of the verb. I love fruit. In the third person singular we add -s or -es to the base form. He loves fruit. There are some spelling rules to follow: • for verbs ending in -o, -ch, -sh, -ss, -z, -x we add -es. I go → he goes I fix → she fixes I wash → he washes • for verbs ending in a consonant + -y, we change the -y to -ie and add -s. I carry → he carries • for verbs ending in a vowel + -y, we add -s. I play → she plays We make the negative form by using do not / don’t or does not / doesn’t before the base form. I don’t play hockey. Ben doesn’t eat meat. Note! We do not add -s after he / she / it in the negative form. He doesn’t likes vegetables. We make questions by using do / does + subject + base form: Do you speak Chinese? Does he come from London? Question words (what, when, where, how much, why, what time, how often) go before the auxiliary verb do / does: Question word + do / does + subject + base form Where does Michael work? How much do they cost? What do you want?

UNIT 23 Present simple

We use the Present simple: • to express habits and things we do regularly Joe plays tennis on Saturdays. • for daily routines I get up at 7.30 every morning. • to talk about facts, eg. where we live, where we work etc. My parents live in Scotland. My dad works for an Australian company. • to talk about things we like or don’t like I like chocolate. Mike doesn’t like classical music. • for general truths Ice melts at 0°.

Write the third person singular of the following verbs. Remember to use -s or -es.

1 read ______________ reads 2 think ______________ 3 fix ______________ 4 run ______________ 5 watch ______________

Write the third person singular of the following verbs. Remember to use -s or -ies.

1 cry 2 stay 3 study 4 enjoy 5 try

6 cook ______________ 7 speak ______________ 8 miss ______________ 9 drink ______________ 10 wish ______________

6 play ______________ 7 buy ______________ 8 marry ______________ 9 fly ______________ 10 pray ______________

______________ cries ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

Underline the correct subject.

1 I / James want a new job. 2 We / Samantha always wears a hat. 3 My dad / My mum and dad teaches English.

4 You / She like chocolate. 5 That bus / Those buses goes to the train station. 6 Olivia / Olivia and Steve sing very well.

Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in the box. play speak

finish

leave

boil

study

1 My father ______________ work at 7 in the leaves evening. 2 The children ______________ lots of fruit. 3 Mark ______________ coffee at breakfast. 4 Matilda ______________ in a cottage in the countryside. 5 Andy ______________ the violin very well. 6 My sister ______________ German, French and Spanish.

tidy

watch

live

drink

eat

7 Sarah ______________ to Cambridge to see her grandmother once a week. 8 We ______________ TV most evenings. 9 Water ______________ at 100° Celsius. 10 Jim always ______________ for his science and maths exams. 11 School ______________ at 15.30 in the UK. 12 Tom’s room is very messy. He ______________ it once a month!

UNIT 23 Present simple

Complete the sentences with the affirmative form of the verb in brackets. Then make the sentences negative. drink (drink) orange 4 She ______________ (buy) a magazine every 1 Amy and Shaun ______________ juice for breakfast. Saturday. and Shaun don’t drink orange juice for Amy _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________. breakfast. _________________________________________________ 5 Mr and Mrs Dermott ______________ (live) in a 2 We ______________ (catch) the bus in front of beautiful house. our house. _________________________________________________. _________________________________________________. 6 My neighbour ______________ (go) on holiday 3 He ______________ (study) Latin at school. three times a year. _________________________________________________. _________________________________________________.

Complete the table for yourself and then write sentences about Louise and Pete, Ann and yourself. Do you...? Activity like Chinese food watch football on TV play badminton eat lots of ice cream go abroad in the summer study at weekends

Louise Ann & Pete ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

You ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____

and Pete like Chinese food. 1 __Louise _______________________________________________ doesn’t like Chinese food. _______________________________________________ __Ann I ______________________________________________. 2 Louise and Pete ______________________________. Ann ___________________________________________. I________________________________________________. 3 Louise and Pete ______________________________. Ann ___________________________________________. I________________________________________________.

Use the words to write questions.

1 2 3

4 Louise and Pete ______________________________. Ann ___________________________________________. I________________________________________________. 5 Louise and Pete ______________________________. Ann ___________________________________________. I________________________________________________. 6 Louise and Pete ______________________________. Ann ___________________________________________. I________________________________________________.

where / live / your parents Where do your parents live? ________________________________________________ you / speak / Chinese ________________________________________________? Sarah / listen to music at work ________________________________________________?

4 5 6

Tom and Dan / like / football ________________________________________________? this train / stop / at Exeter station ________________________________________________? Paul / do exercises / every morning ________________________________________________?

Complete the questions with what, where, who, when, or how much.

1 2 3

What time do you begin work? ________________________________________________ I begin work at nine. ________________________________________________? He likes action films. ________________________________________________ at the café? He meets Emily and Charlie. 23

4 5

________________________________________________? My best friend lives in Australia. ________________________________________________? They have piano lessons on Mondays and Thursdays. 6 ________________________________________________? The cap costs £5.00.

Listen to the text about Jack’s typical school day. Tick T (true) or F (false).

1 Jack gets up at 7.30 a.m. 2 He has cereals and tea for breakfast. 3 Jack’s mum drives him to school. 4 School starts at 9.10. 5 At school he usually plays rugby inside. 6 Jack eats lunch in the school canteen. 7 On Fridays he does science experiments in the lab. 8 After school Jack goes to the library.

T F

10 Write 8 sentences about you, your family and your friends. Use your own ideas and the words

in the box to help you. play tennis have a coffee get up write emails arrive at the office / at school go to the supermarket read a book go on holiday

1 _________________________________________________ 2 ________________________________________________ 3 _________________________________________________ 4 _________________________________________________

5 6 7 8

_________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________

UNIT 23 Present simple

UNIT

Adverbs of frequency We use adverbs of frequency to say how often we do things. 0%

100%

never hardly ever sometimes often usually always Adverbs of frequency generally go before the main verb, but after the verb be, modal verbs and auxiliary verbs. She always visits her grandmother at weekends. He never drinks coffee. They hardly ever go to the theatre. Harry is often late for work. Those children are always hungry! We use ever in questions and never in answers. A Do you ever play golf? B No, I never play golf.

Match the two parts of the sentences.

1 2 3 4 5 6

on Fridays. are always happy. very hungry. the newspaper. New York for work. shopping on Saturdays.

I see him. (often) I________________________________________________ often see him. We play football on Mondays. (always) ________________________________________________. He gets up early. (never) ________________________________________________. I travel to work by bus. (sometimes) ________________________________________________.

5 6 7 8

She is a good student. (always) ________________________________________________. I eat Spanish food. (hardly ever) ________________________________________________. They go to the cinema on Sunday. (usually) ________________________________________________. You are late. (sometimes) ________________________________________________.

Put the words in the correct order.

1 2 3 4

a b c d e f

Rewrite the sentences with the adverb of frequency.

1 2 3 4

Our dog is always... My brother often goes to... I usually do my homework... Caroline sometimes goes... Toby never reads... My children...

tennis / play / ever / Does / he ________________________________________________? always / eats / He / roast chicken / Sundays / on ________________________________________________. aunt / drinks / My / often / coffee ________________________________________________. doesn’t / get up / early / He / on / always / Saturdays ________________________________________________.

5 children / usually / Do / the / school / eat / lunch / at ________________________________________________? 6 snows / It / winter / rarely / in ________________________________________________. 7 hardly ever / meat / Susan / eats ________________________________________________. 8 right / teacher / Is /always / the ________________________________________________?

Look at the chart. Complete it with information about yourself.

Activity

Tom

Lily & Paul

You

go windsurfing walk to school / work go to concerts go out with friends go to the cinema use the Internet

often sometimes often always hardly ever always

never hardly ever never usually sometimes hardly ever

___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________

Now write sentences with the information in the chart above. _________________________________________________ 1 Tom often goes windsurfing, but Lily and _________________________________________________ Paul never go windsurfing. I________________________________________________. 2 Tom ___________________________________________ _________________________________________________. I________________________________________________. 3 Tom____________________________________________ _________________________________________________. I________________________________________________.

Write sentences with ever and then answer them with never.

1 2 3

4 Tom ___________________________________________ _________________________________________________. I________________________________________________ 5 Tom ___________________________________________ _________________________________________________. I________________________________________________. 6 Tom ___________________________________________ _________________________________________________. I________________________________________________.

She / come home late Does she ever come home late? ________________________________________________ No, she never comes home late. ________________________________________________ He / have bacon and eggs for breakfast ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________. Isabelle and Tony / watch TV in the evening ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________.

4 5 6

Mr Jones / drive to work ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________. Your mum / eat sushi ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________. Sarahâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s friends / go to her house ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________.

4 5 6

Do you ever listen to opera music? ________________________________________________. Do you ever study on Sundays? ________________________________________________. Do you ever cook for your family? ________________________________________________.

Answer these questions about yourself.

1 Do you ever eat Japanese food? ________________________________________________. 2 Do you ever speak in English with your friends? ________________________________________________. 3 Do you ever watch horror films on TV? ________________________________________________.

UNIT 24 Adverbs of frequency

UNIT

Prepositions of place We use prepositions of place to say where things are.

We use in with enclosed spaces (e.g. cities, countries, rooms, names of streets). in a box in a room in a park in Spain

We use on with horizontal or vertical surfaces (e.g. tables, walls, floors, ceilings). on the wall on the table on the ceiling on the floor on the beach

We use at with specific positions. at the bus stop at the doctorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s at the office at school at Carlâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s house

Here are some other common prepositions of place:

under

behind

in front of

opposite

near

next to

between

above

Complete the sentences with in, at or on.

1 2 3 4 5

A Where’s the salt? the table. B It’s ______________ on Ann lives ______________ Madrid. Let’s meet ______________ the cinema tonight. My cat likes to sleep ______________ the sofa. The children have lunch ______________ school.

6 There’s some cheese and ham ______________ the fridge. 7 Kate has lots of pictures of pop singers ______________ the wall in her bedroom. 8 A Where’s Peter? B He’s ______________ work.

Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with a preposition of place.

1 There are some shoes ______________ the bed.

2 There is a tree ______________ the house.

3 The TV is ______________ the bookshelf.

4 The cupboard is ______________ the sink.

6 The mouse is ______________ the cat.

7 Gatwick airport is ______________ London.

8 There is a shark ______________ the boats.

UNIT 25 Prepositions of place

Sam is sitting ______________ Emily. Emily is ______________ Rose. 24

Look at the picture and complete the sentences with on, under, next to, behind or in front of. Then listen and check.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

There is a dog ______________ the armchair. on There is a vase with flowers ______________ the table. The table is ______________ the sofa. The remote control is ______________ the table. The lamp is ______________ the sofa. There is a painting ______________ the wall. There is a cat ______________ the armchair. The fireplace is ______________ the TV.

UNIT 25 Prepositions of place

Underline the correct preposition in the sentences.

1 The goldfish is in /at the fish tank. 2 There are lots of people on /at the bus stop. 3 The dishwasher is between / in the sink and the fridge.

4 5 6 7

The bin is above / under the desk. The sun is behind / at a cloud. There’s a car park on / near the school. She studies at / in Spain.

Choose a preposition to complete the sentences. next to opposite between at in front of on near above in

next to his girlfriend. 1 Robert is sitting ______________ 2 The Statue of Liberty is ______________ New York. 3 There is a tall man sitting ______________ me. I can’t see the film. 4 There is a poster ______________ the wall ______________ my desk.

5 The chemist’s is ______________ the hairdresser’s and the baker’s. 6 Brenda walks to her office because it is ______________ her home. 7 Jenny lives ______________ number 3, South Street. 8 The cinema is ______________ the bank.

Look at the picture. Read the sentences and tick T (true) or F (false). Then correct the false sentences.

T F 1 There are two posters above the chair. 2 There is a bag under the table. 3 There is a table in front of the bed. 4 There is a desk near the window. 5 There is a bookcase between the TV and the washbasin. _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________

T F 6 There is a guitar on the bed. 7 There are some books on the desk. 8 There is a big spider near the computer! 9 There is a mirror opposite the washbasin. 10 There is a computer on the desk. _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________

UNIT 25 Prepositions of place

Look at the map, listen and complete the mini dialogues.

A B A B

A Excuse me, where is the school? B The school? Oh, it’s (3) ______________ Willow Street. A Is it (4) ______________ the bank? B No, it isn’t. It’s (5) ______________ the park. A OK, thanks!

Excuse me, where is the bank? There’s a bank (1) in Ramsay Road. And is there a bookshop near here? Yes, there’s a bookshop (2) ______________ the baker’s and the post office. A Thank you.

Use the map in exercise 7 to complete the sentences.

opposite the church. 1 The bank is ______________ 2 There are two bikes ______________ the baker’s. 3 The bus stop is ______________ the supermarket. 4 There are three people ______________ the bus stop.

5 The baker’s is ______________ the bookshop. 6 The school is ______________ the supermarket and the park. 7 There are some children playing ______________ the park. 8 The car park is ______________ the school.

UNIT

shall and let’s for offers and suggestions We normally use shall to ask about suggestions and to find out what people think of them. What shall we + base form (without to) What shall we do tonight? Which film shall we see? A Shall we have a cup of tea? B That’s a good idea! To make a suggestion we use Shall we...? or Let’s... + base form (without to). Shall we go to the cinema? Let’s go to the cinema. To make polite offers we use Shall I...? It’s cold outside. Shall I get you a hat? Shall I make a pizza for dinner? Shall I carry your suitcase? It’s very hot today. Shall I open the window?

Match the offers and suggestions with the correct answers.

1 2 3 4 5 6

At about 6.30 p.m. Let’s have roast chicken and chips. Let’s go to Mexico! Yes, please. My flight leaves at 7.30 a.m. Yes, please. I don’t feel very well. No, thanks. But I need some bread.

have / Shall / a / snack / we Shall we have a snack? ________________________________________________ I / make / sandwiches / Shall / some ________________________________________________? to / Shall / the / go / tonight / we / theatre ________________________________________________? open / I / window / Shall / the ________________________________________________?

5 6 7 8

send / Ella / Shall / an / we / email ________________________________________________? do / I / the / Shall / shopping ________________________________________________? shall / computer game / we / play / What ________________________________________________? meet / time / we / What / shall ________________________________________________?

Use the prompts to write sentences with Shall we...? / Shall I...?

1 2 3 4

a b c d e f

Put the words in the correct order to make sentences with Shall we...? / Shall I...?

1 2 3 4

Shall I drive you to the airport? Where shall we go on holiday? Shall I call the doctor? What time shall I come? Shall I buy some coffee? What shall we have for dinner?

what / buy / for Joe’s birthday What shall we buy for Joe’s birthday? ________________________________________________ go out / this afternoon ________________________________________________? what time / meet Bethany ________________________________________________? have / game of tennis ________________________________________________?

5 6 7 8

where / meet Alice ________________________________________________? how many apples / buy ________________________________________________? what / dress / wear to the party ________________________________________________? have / lunch together ________________________________________________?

Look at the pictures and complete the sentences to make suggestions using Let’s... and a verb from the box. visit listen play make watch ask

Let’s ask the teacher for help. 1 _____________

2 ____________________ an apple pie.

3 _____________________ some music.

4 ___________________________ a DVD.

5 ______________________________ golf.

6 __________________ the Colosseum.

1 2 3 4

A It’s very warm in this room. B ______________ open the window? A ______________ have a party. B Good idea. Who ______________ invite? A I’m really hungry. B ______________ make a snack? A ______________ go out tomorrow evening? B Yes, ______________ meet Alex and Olivia at the new pizza restaurant in town.

5 A ______________ buy Chris a birthday present? B Yes, of course! What ______________ buy him? 6 A ______________ play tennis. B Oh, we always play tennis. ______________ do something else.

Read the situations and write suggestions or polite offers for each one.

1 2 3

Complete the mini dialogues with Shall we...? / Shall I...? or Let’s... Then listen and check.

Your friend’s bag is heavy. _________________________________________________ It is a sunny day. Suggest an idea to a friend. _________________________________________________ You want to organise a party. What do you say to your friend? _________________________________________________

4 Your friend is thirsty. _________________________________________________ 5 You and a friend want to go on holiday. You are not sure where to go. _________________________________________________ 6 Your friend has got a headache. _________________________________________________

UNIT 26 shall and let’s for offers and suggestions

UNIT

Present continuous AFFIRMATIVE

Short form

NEGATIVE

Short form

I am working. You are working. He is working. She is working. It is working. We are working. You are working. They are working.

I’m working. You’re working. He’s working. She’s working. It’s working. We’re working. You’re working. They’re working.

I am not working. You are not working. He is not working. She is not working. It is not working. We are not working. You are not working. They are not working.

I’m not working. You aren’t working. He isn’t working. She isn’t working. It isn’t working. We aren’t working. You aren’t working. They aren’t working.

INTERROGATIVE

SHORT ANSWERS

Am I working? Are you working? Is he working? Is she working? Is it working? Are we working? Are you working? Are they working?

Yes, I am. / No, I’m not. Yes, you are. / No, you aren’t. Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t. Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t. Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t. Yes, we are. / No, we aren’t. Yes, you are. / No, you aren’t. Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.

We form the Present continuous with subject + verb to be + base form + -ing. How to make -ing forms: • for most verbs we add -ing speak → speaking play → playing • for verbs ending in -e, we remove the -e come → coming make → making • for verbs ending in one vowel + one consonant, we double the consonant run → running sit → sitting stop → stopping Note! We do not double the consonant when it is w, x or y play → playing mix → mixing • for verbs that end in -ie, we change -ie to -y + -ing lie → lying • for verbs with a stress on the final syllable, we double the consonant begin → beginning Note! We do not double the consonant when the last syllable is not stressed (e.g listen → listening). • For verbs ending in a single -l preceded by a single vowel, we double the -l + -ing travel → travelling control → controlling

UNIT 27 Present continuous

We use the Present continuous: • to talk about things that are happening at the moment or around now (but perhaps not at the exact moment of speaking) Daniel is reading a book at the moment. Louise is looking for a new job. • to talk about temporary situations He is living in London at the moment. Note! We often use expressions like now, at the moment, today, these days, this week / month / year with the Present continuous. • to talk about how life is changing Crime is increasing in cities. • to talk about future arrangements Dave is coming next Monday. Note! We do not generally use stative verbs (e.g. like, love, hate, want, understand, prefer) in the Present continuous. She loves pop music.

Write the -ing forms of these verbs.

1 study 2 put 3 take 4 see 5 open 6 go 7 smile 8 wash 9 live

______________ studying ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

10 move 11 cut 12 get 13 die 14 enjoy 15 write 16 start 17 hit 18 shop

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

Write affirmative (+) and negative ( – ) sentences in the Present continuous.

are playing in the garden. (play + ) 1 They ______________ 2 He ______________ by the window. (sit – ) 3 She ______________ the birthday party. (enjoy + ) 4 It ______________ at the moment. (rain – ) 5 Kate and Charlie ______________ to school. (walk + ) 6 The cat ______________ a mouse. (catch + ) 7 Pete ______________ dinner now. (cook + ) 8 David ______________ his homework. (do – )

UNIT 27 Present continuous

Rewrite the sentences in the question form.

1 2 3 4

It’s snowing. ________________________________________________ Is it snowing? Sally is watching TV. ________________________________________________? Chris is riding his bike. ________________________________________________? Holly and Adam are eating dinner now. ________________________________________________?

Matilda is babysitting her little brother and sister. Listen to the telephone conversation and complete with the verbs in brackets in the Present continuous. Hi Mum... yes, everything is fine. Henry (1) ______________ (watch) TV in his bedroom and I (2) ______________ (sit) in the kitchen. I (3) ______________ (read) a magazine. What about you and Dad? (4) ______________ (enjoy) yourselves? Yes, the restaurant is very nice. We (5) ______________ (eat) steak and chips. What (6) ______________ Anna ______________ (do)? (7) ______________ she ______________ (do) her homework? No, she (8) ______________ (not / do) her homework. She (9) ______________ (practise) the piano. OK, that’s fine. Mum, I’ve got to go! Henry (10) ______________ (play) football in the living room! He (11) ______________ (break) everything! What!!! Oh no!

Read the conversation in exercise 4 again and answer the questions.

1 2

What is Matilda doing? ________________________________________________. Are Mum and Dad having a nice time? ________________________________________________.

3 4

What is Anna doing? ________________________________________________. What is Henry doing in the living room? ________________________________________________.

Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.

1 in / is / garage / Jake / the / working Jake ________________________________________________ is working in the garage. 2 grandmother / Paris / He’s / in / visiting / his / next week ________________________________________________. 3 isn’t / Brenda / French / this / learning / year ________________________________________________. 4 world / getting / is / The / warmer ________________________________________________.

I am writing an email to my sister. ________________________________________________? The sun is shining. ________________________________________________? They are meeting at the cinema tonight. ________________________________________________? We are reading the newspaper. ________________________________________________?

Matilda Mum Matilda Mum Matilda Mum

5 6 7 8

5 children / are / doing / the / What ________________________________________________? 6 sister / is / My / around / travelling / Europe / month / this ________________________________________________. 7 going / holiday / We / on / are / July / in ________________________________________________. 8 writing / to / I / my / friend / am / letter / a ________________________________________________.

Look at the pictures. Use the prompts to write sentences to describe what the people are / aren’t doing.

1 drink fruit juice / eat an ice cream She isn’t drinking fruit juice. _________________________________ She’s eating an ice cream. _________________________________

2 listen to music / read a newspaper _________________________________ _________________________________.

3 chase birds / eat a bone

4 play tennis / swim _________________________________ _________________________________.

5 eat dinner / study maths _________________________________ _________________________________.

6 sleep / wash the car _________________________________ _________________________________.

_________________________________ _________________________________.

Use the verbs in the box to complete the sentences. cook have leave wear cut ride try play run

1 My dad is ______________ cooking dinner at the moment. 2 The dogs ______________ after a ball. 3 Thomas ______________ his bike in the park. 4 ______________ Grace ______________ tennis this afternoon?

5 Sally and Mary ______________ breakfast now. 6 Mr Jones ______________ the grass. 7 They ______________ for New York next Saturday. 8 Be quiet! I ______________ to concentrate. 9 Sarah ______________ a yellow dress.

Imagine you are in one of the following locations. Write sentences to describe what you are / aren’t doing. an airport the Amazon rainforest a theme park in a restaurant

1 ________________________________________________ 2 ________________________________________________

3 ________________________________________________ 4 ________________________________________________

UNIT 27 Present continuous

UNIT

Verb + -ing, verb + infinitive The -ing form of a verb is also known as a gerund. Some verbs (particularly verbs of preference) are usually followed by the -ing form of another verb: enjoy, love, like, prefer, be fond of, be keen on, hate, dislike, can’t stand, detest, mind / don’t mind, stop, finish, suggest... I like cooking. They prefer dancing to watching football. He doesn’t mind wearing a school uniform. I enjoy going to the beach. I’m fond of painting. Paul hates queuing for the bus. We also use the -ing form after prepositions: good / bad at, interested in, tired of, excited about, bored with, instead of, worried about, afraid of... I’m afraid of flying. She’s interested in gardening. He’s very good at skiing. We can also use -ing forms as subjects: Smoking is bad for you. Swimming is good exercise. After some verbs we generally use an infinitive: learn, need, promise, decide, hope, offer, refuse, want... I need to speak to your boss. Today, people prefer to send emails instead of letters. Jason hopes to visit his friends in Australia next year.

Complete the sentences with the -ing forms of the verbs in brackets.

playing (play) tennis. 1 We enjoy ______________ 2 What do you like ______________ (do) in your free time? 3 James and Alex hate ______________ (study) for exams. 4 Marie is thinking of ______________ (visit) Spain next summer.

Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.

1 2 3

getting up / I / hate / early. I_________________________________________________ hate getting up early. good at / Henry / rollerblading / very / is _________________________________________________. can’t / listening / to / stand / loud / I / music _________________________________________________. 4 dangerous / Skydiving / a / sport / is _________________________________________________.

5 They don’t mind ______________ (cycle) to work. 6 He loves ______________ (take) photographs of wildlife. 7 My sister is good at ______________ (sew) her own clothes. 8 I don’t like ______________ (walk) in the rain.

5 6 7

interested in / She / cooking / is _________________________________________________. mind / I / don’t / the / washing /dishes _________________________________________________. the / Travelling / is /around / world / exciting _________________________________________________. 8 don’t / We / watching / horror films / like _________________________________________________.

Complete the sentences with a verb from the box. Remember to use the -ing form. study

work

pay

remember

play

eat

making a mistake. 1 He is afraid of ______________ 2 Steve doesn’t like ______________ his bedroom. 3 Emily enjoys ______________ foreign languages. 4 I hate ______________ at the supermarket. 5 Those children are really excited about ______________ on holiday. 6 My baby sister loves ______________ with her toy duck in the bath.

tidy

swim

make

Look at the table and use the information to write sentences. Max

Emma and Phil

play cards go to the cinema play computer games iron clothes travel by plane take exams visit monuments work late

love enjoy like dislike not mind can’t stand like hate

not mind love hate detest enjoy dislike love not mind

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

_________________________________________________ Max loves playing cards. _________________________________________________. _________________________________________________. _________________________________________________. _________________________________________________. _________________________________________________. _________________________________________________. _________________________________________________.

Complete the sentences with verb + -ing or verb + infinitive.

1 2 3 4

invite

7 Joe is good at ______________ underwater. 8 Ruby and Chris like ______________ their friends to dinner. 9 I suggest ______________ by credit card. 10 I can’t remember his name. I’m very bad at ______________ people’s names. 11 They are tired of ______________ long hours. They need a holiday! 12 ______________ healthy food is very important.

Activity

shop

Felicity enjoys ______________ dancing (dance) I’m tired. I want ______________ (go) to bed. What do you want ______________ (do) today? I promise ______________ (study) for the exam.

5 Liam doesn’t mind ______________ (get up) early. 6 Where’s Grace? I need ______________ (ask) her something.

Write sentences about yourself.

1 2 3 4 5 6

I like... _________________________________________. I don’t mind... _________________________________. I hope... ________________________________________. I’m good at... __________________________________. I’m bad at... ___________________________________. I need... ________________________________________.

7 8 9 10 11 12

I prefer... ________________ to ___________________. I’m not keen on... _____________________________. I love... _________________________________________. I hate... ________________________________________. I want... ________________________________________. I promise... ____________________________________.

UNIT 28 Verb + -ing, verb + infinitive

UNIT

Present simple or Present continuous? Present simple (long-term) We use the Present simple to talk about: • things that are always true The sun rises in the east. • habits and daily routines, things we do regularly She often goes swimming. We study maths on Mondays. • with adverbs of frequency: often, sometimes, never etc. I never drink coffee. Present continuous (temporary) We use the Present continuous: • to describe things that are happening now The boys are playing football now. She’s wearing a blue dress. • to describe things that are happening around now, but not perhaps at this exact moment of speaking Anne is studying Japanese at university. • for planned future arrangements This month Chris is leaving for Edinburgh. We normally use the Present simple for long-term events and the Present continuous for things that are temporary. Notice the differences: Pete lives in London. He works for the BBC. Every week, he interviews famous people. He often plays football with his sons. At the moment, he is writing an article for a newspaper. He is leaving for Miami next Tuesday.

Javier is an exchange student. He is writing an email to a friend in Spain. Choose the correct option to complete the email.

Hi Aurora, how are you? I’m fine. Right now, I (1) ______________ in the computer room. Outside it (2) ______________. It (3) ______________ a lot here in England! I’ve got lots of work to do. Every day I (4) ______________ three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. In the afternoon I also (5) ______________ sports! At the moment I (6) ______________ to play rugby. I’ve got two new friends, Rob and Haden. Rob (7) ______________ from Liverpool and he (8) ______________ medicine. Next week we (9) ______________ Brighton. OK, it’s time to go now. We usually (10) ______________ dinner in the university canteen. The food is quite good! Write soon, Javier 1 a 2 a 3 a 4 a 5 a

am sitting b rains b is raining b am having b do b

sit is raining rains have am doing

6 a 7 a 8 a 9 a 10 a

am learning b is coming b is studying b visit b have b

learn comes study are visiting are having

Underline the correct form.

1 Tony always is watching / watches TV in the evening. 2 They eat / are eating lunch now. 3 I see / am seeing Jack tonight. 4 The Earth moves / is moving around the Sun. 5 What does Paul study / is Paul studying at university this year? 6 Oh no! It rains / is raining. 7 Who is coming / comes to our party next Saturday?

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.

goes 1 She ______________ (go) to the office every day. 2 We ______________ (learn) Spanish this year. 3 I ______________ (meet) my best friend every afternoon after school. 4 Mary ______________ (help) her mum now. 5 Mum ______________ (do) the shopping on Fridays. 6 We ______________ (chat) online at the moment.

7 Tom and Dan ______________ (play) golf now. 8 Angela ______________ (visit) her grandmother twice a week. 9 Do you ever ______________ (sing) in the shower? 10 I never ______________ (watch) reality shows on TV. 11 Let’s go out. It ______________ (not rain) now. 12 He usually ______________ (wake up) very early.

Use the prompts to write questions. Use the Present simple or Present continuous and then write your own positive or negative short answers.

1 2 3

8 What film do you watch / are you watching on TV now? 9 She usually plays / is playing tennis at the weekend. 10 A What do you do / are you doing? B I’m a nurse. 11 He often reads / is reading a book before bedtime. 12 They drink / are drinking tea every afternoon at five o’clock.

you / read / a newspaper every day _________________________________________________ Do you read a newspaper every day? _________________________________________________ No, I don’t. you / have / lunch / at the moment ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________. you / drink / tea / for breakfast every day ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________.

4 5 6

you / eat / a sandwich / now ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________. it / snow / in winter / in your country ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________. you / usually / cycle / to work ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________.

Imagine you are an exchange student. Write an email like the one in exercise 1. Remember to write about your regular activities, facts, things you are doing at the moment, etc.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

UNIT 29 Present simple or Present continuous?

UNIT

Past simple to be AFFIRMATIVE

NEGATIVE

Short form

I was You were He was She was It was We were You were They were

I was not You were not He was not She was not It was not We were not You were not They were not

I wasn’t You weren’t He wasn’t She wasn’t It wasn’t We weren’t You weren’t They weren’t

INTERROGATIVE

SHORT ANSWERS

Was I...? Were you...? Was he...? Was she...? Was it...? Were we...? Were you...? Were they...?

Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t. Yes, you were. / No, you weren’t. Yes, he was. / No, he wasn’t. Yes, she was. / No, she wasn’t. Yes, it was. / No, it wasn’t. Yes, we were. / No, we weren’t. Yes, you were. / No, you weren’t. Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t.

We use the Past simple: • to talk about completed actions in the past I was at Tina’s party. • to describe when something happened. We normally use past time expressions like yesterday, last week / month / year, in 2008, two days ago, this morning, an hour ago... David was at the office yesterday. • to talk about dates and places of birth Susan was born in 1979. Note!

In the Past simple, there is and there are become there was and there were. In questions, the question word (Why, When, Where, Who, How much etc.) goes before the verb: question word + was / were + subject A Where was Martin last weekend? B He was in Edinburgh. Complete the sentences with was or were.

1 We ______________ at school yesterday. were 2 You ______________ late. 3 There ______________ lots of people at the concert. 4 It ______________ cold last week.

5 Emily ______________ born on 12th August. 6 I ______________ very shy as a child. 7 Susan and Craig ______________ in the park yesterday. 8 It ______________ a great film!

Rewrite the sentences in the Past simple and add the time expressions in brackets.

1 2 3

4 5 6

I am very busy. (yesterday) I________________________________________________ was very busy yesterday. William is eleven years old. (last year) ________________________________________________. We are on holiday in the mountains. (last summer) ________________________________________________.

Complete the sentences with the Past simple of to be.

1 They ______________ weren’t on time for class yesterday and the teacher was angry. 2 We weren’t happy with the hotel. The room ______________ very small and it ______________ very clean. 3 Yesterday ______________ a holiday so the shops ______________ closed.

4 A Where is my handbag? B I don’t know. It ______________ on the table but it isn’t there now. 5 A I love your new shoes! B ______________ they expensive? 6 This time last year we ______________ in New York!

Rewrite the sentences in the negative and interrogative forms.

1 2 3

You are at the party. (last night) ________________________________________________. The maths homework is easy. (on Monday) ________________________________________________. They are in London for work. (two years ago) ________________________________________________.

She was a good student. She wasn’t a good student. ________________________________________________ Was she a good student? ________________________________________________ Terry was in France. ________________________________________________. ________________________________________________? We were on our bikes. ________________________________________________. ________________________________________________?

4 5 6

You were early. ________________________________________________. ________________________________________________? Kate and Mike were on holiday. ________________________________________________. ________________________________________________? I was at home last night. ________________________________________________. ________________________________________________?

Listen to the conversations and tick the correct answer.

1 Was the party at nine o’clock? a Yes, it was. b No, it wasn’t.

4 Why wasn’t Sally at work? a She was on holiday. b She was sick.

2 How old was Chris last Saturday? a He was ten. b He was twenty.

5 Where were Paul and Annie? a They were in the park. b They were at the gym.

3 Where were they? a They were at school. b They were at home.

6 Where was Joe on holiday? a He was in Australia. b He was in France.

UNIT 30 Past simple to be

UNIT

Past simple AFFIRMATIVE

NEGATIVE

Short form

I walked. You walked. He walked. She walked. It walked. We walked. You walked. They walked.

I did not walk. You did not walk. He did not walk. She did not walk. It did not walk. We did not walk. You did not walk. They did not walk.

I didn’t walk. You didn’t walk. He didn’t walk. She didn’t walk. It didn’t walk. We didn’t walk. You didn’t walk. They didn’t walk.

INTERROGATIVE

SHORT ANSWERS

Did I walk? Did you walk? Did he walk? Did she walk? Did it walk? Did we walk? Did you walk? Did they walk?

Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t. Yes, you did. / No, you didn’t. Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t. Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t. Yes, it did. / No, it didn’t. Yes, we did. / No, we didn’t. Yes, you did. / No, you didn’t. Yes, they did. / No, they didn’t.

Regular verbs To form the Past simple of regular verbs we add -ed to the base form. work → worked start → started When a verb ends in -e we add -d. like → liked escape → escaped When a verb ends in a vowel + -y we add -ed. play → played enjoy → enjoyed When a verb ends in a consonant + -y we change the -y to -ied. study → studied try → tried When a verb ends in one vowel + one consonant we double the consonant: • with one-syllable verbs stop → stopped plan → planned • if it has two syllables and the second syllable is stressed prefer → preferred regret → regretted When a verb ends in a consonant + vowel + -l we double the -l. travel → travelled cancel → cancelled

UNIT 31 Past simple

Irregular verbs We do not form irregular verbs by adding -ed. Irregular verbs need to be memorised!

buy → bought make → made

go → went take → took

sing → sang have → had

Go to page 90 for a list of irregular verbs. Note! The Past simple has the same form for all persons. When we use question words (where, what, why, when, how etc.) the word order is: question word + did + subject + base form Where did you go last night? How many biscuits did he eat?

Write the Past simple of these regular verbs. Then listen carefully to the pronunciation.

1 talk ______________ talked 2 arrive ______________ 3 pass ______________ 4 watch ______________ 5 visit ______________ 6 clean ______________ 7 hate ______________ 8 slip ______________

9 end ______________ 10 hurry ______________ 11 control ______________ 12 stay ______________ 13 open ______________ 14 answer ______________ 15 develop ______________ 16 jump ______________

Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box in the Past simple. laugh

cook

play

organise

1 The train ______________ arrived at 10.35 a.m. 2 It ______________ a lot last winter. 3 The children ______________ outside yesterday. 4 We ______________ at his funny joke! 5 Brian ______________ to school yesterday morning.

arrive

listen

walk

snow

6 I ______________ a surprise birthday party for my sister. 7 My mum ______________ a delicious roast lunch last Sunday. 8 Lizzie ______________ to a new CD by her favourite pop group yesterday.

Write the past simple of these irregular verbs. Go to page 90 and learn the ones you do not know. Then listen carefully to the pronunciation.

1 buy 2 do 3 take 4 have 5 bring 6 come 7 go 8 get up

______________ bought ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

9 tell ______________ 10 put ______________ 11 eat ______________ 12 drink ______________ 13 write ______________ 14 make ______________ 15 read ______________ 16 give ______________

UNIT 31 Past simple

Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box in the Past simple. Go to page 90 for the verbs you do not know. get up go take fly do eat teach write

taught 1 My uncle was a teacher. He ______________ mathematics. 2 Lucy’s boyfriend ______________ her to a restaurant last night. 3 The children ______________ chocolate cake and ice cream at the party on Saturday. 4 I ______________ an email to my friend two days ago.

Rewrite these sentences in the negative and interrogative forms.

1 2 3

She understood the grammar rule. ________________________________________________ She didn’t understand the grammar rule. ________________________________________________ Did she understand the grammar rule? Jessica got up early yesterday morning. ________________________________________________. ________________________________________________? My mother made cupcakes yesterday. ________________________________________________. ________________________________________________?

4 5 6

I went to Sydney and I saw the Opera House. ________________________________________________. ________________________________________________? Oliver read an interesting book at school. ________________________________________________. ________________________________________________? Rachel and Jim gave their mum a present. ________________________________________________. ________________________________________________?

Complete the mini-dialogues. Then listen and check.

1 A Did you speak to Paul? B No, I didn’t, but I ______________ to his sister. 2 A Where did you find my wallet? B I ______________ it behind the bookcase. 3 A Did he take you to school by car? B Yes, he did. He ______________ me in his new Ferrari!

5 Paul ______________ late last Sunday. 6 Abby ______________ to the library yesterday. 7 Martin ______________ his homework yesterday afternoon. 8 Last Tuesday, Isabelle ______________ by plane from London to Paris.

4 A How much did you pay for your new computer? B I ______________ £350 for it. 5 A Did you go to the theatre last night? B Yes, I ______________ with Olivia. 6 A What did you buy yesterday? B I ______________ a new pair of trainers.

Complete the paragraph by putting the verbs in brackets in the Past simple. got up Yesterday, Tina (1) ______________ (get up) early. After breakfast she (2) ______________ (listen) to the news on the radio. It (3) ______________ (be) a sunny day so she (4) ______________ (decide) to invite James to lunch. They (5) ______________ (have) a barbecue in the garden and (6) ______________ (eat) hamburgers and sausages. They (7) ______________ (drink) home-made lemonade. Tina and James (8) ______________ (chat) all afternoon. James (9) ______________ (want) to go to the cinema but Tina (10) ______________ (not want) to see a horror film. They (11) ______________ (buy) tickets online for the new James Bond film. At the cinema there were lots of people but they (12) ______________ (not queue)! The film was fantastic.

Use the prompts to write questions in the Past simple. Be careful, you may need to add other words! Then write the answers.

1 who / write / Romeo and Juliet (Shakespeare) ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________. 2 what time / Joe / come home / last night (at midnight) ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________. 3 what / the burglar / steal (my laptop and money) ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________.

4 when / you / win / that trophy (in 2002) ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________. 5 Danny / go / to the cinema / last Saturday (to the park) ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________. 6 where / Katie and William / get married (in Oxford) ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________.

Read the text and choose the correct option a, b or c.

QUEEN ELIZABETH

was ueen Elizabeth (1) ______________ born on April 26th, 1926. As a child, she (2) ______________ art and music. In 1947 she (3) ______________ Prince Philip. They (4) ______________ 2,500 gifts from around the world! In 1952 her father, George VI (5) ______________ and Elizabeth (6) ______________ Queen. The Coronation (7) ______________ place in 1953. In 2012, the Queen (8) ______________ 60 years as Monarch. People (9) ______________ street parties and (10) ______________ ‘God save the Queen’. Although it rained, everyone enjoyed themselves!

1 a ✓ was b 2 a study b 3 a married b 4 a receive b 5 a die b

are c studied c marry c received c is dying c

were studying marrying is receiving died

6 a 7 a 8 a 9 a 10 a

is b was b celebrated b have b sing b

became c take c celebrate c had c at c

become took got played sang

10 Imagine you are interviewing the Queen. Write some questions about her early life. 1 ________________________________________________ Did you have a pet? 2 ________________________________________________ Where did you go to school? 3 ________________________________________________?

4 ________________________________________________? 5 ________________________________________________? 6 ________________________________________________?

UNIT 31 Past simple

UNIT

can and could for ability and possibility AFFIRMATIVE

NEGATIVE

Short form

I can swim. You can swim. He can swim. She can swim. It can swim. We can swim. You can swim. They can swim.

I cannot swim. You cannot swim. He cannot swim. She cannot swim. It cannot swim. We cannot swim. You cannot swim. They cannot swim.

I can’t swim. You can’t swim. He can’t swim. She can’t swim. It can’t swim. We can’t swim. You can’t swim. They can’t swim.

INTERROGATIVE

SHORT ANSWERS

Can I swim? Can you swim? Can he swim? Can she swim? Can it swim? Can we swim? Can you swim? Can they swim?

Yes, I can. / No, I can’t. Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. Yes, he can. / No, he can’t. Yes, she can. / No, she can’t. Yes, it can. / No, it can’t. Yes, we can. / No, we can’t. Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. Yes, they can. / No, they can’t.

We form sentences with can like this: subject + can + base form We use can / can’t: • to talk about our skills and general abilities Steve can play the piano, but he can’t sing. • to say that something is, or is not possible or allowed We can see the beach from our room. I can go to the cinema on Wednesday, but I can’t go on Friday. • to make informal requests Can you open the door, please? Can I have another biscuit, please? • to offer to do things Can I take you to the station? Can I carry those bags for you? • to talk about permission and rules Can we play in the garden? You can’t eat in the library. You can use the gym between 1 and 2 p.m. The past of can is could. I could play the piano when I was six. Could you speak English when you were at school? I couldn’t / could not stay out late with my friends when I was thirteen. We use could in polite requests and as a polite way of telling or asking someone to do something. Could you tell me where the library is, please? Could I have the bill, please?

Karen is at an interview for a job. Listen and complete the sentences with can or can’t.

Mr Lucas Good morning, Karen. Karen Good morning, Mr Lucas. can Mr Lucas Now, let me see. (1) ______________ you drive? Karen No, I (2) ______________, but I (3) ______________ ride a motorbike. Mr Lucas Right. And (4) ______________ you speak any foreign languages? Karen Yes, I (5) ______________ speak Spanish, French, German and Chinese. Mr Lucas Excellent! (6) ______________ you use a computer?

bake a cake

Lucas

Grace and Tim

You

✓

speak Japanese swim

✓

play an instrument

✓

repair a car

✓

ride a horse

✓

ski

1 2 3 4 5 6

Can Lucas bake a cake or swim? He can bake a cake, but he can’t swim. ________________________________________________ Can Grace and Tim swim? ________________________________________________. Can Lucas speak Japanese? ________________________________________________. Can Grace and Tim play an instrument? ________________________________________________. Can Lucas ski? ________________________________________________. Can Grace and Tim repair a car? ________________________________________________.

✓ Now write similar sentences about yourself.

1 ________________________________________________ I can’t bake a cake, but I can... 2 ________________________________________________.

Karen Yes, I (7) ______________, but I (8) ______________ type fast. Mr Lucas OK. (9) ______________ you tell me about your interests, please? Karen Yes, of course. I play lots of sports and I travel a lot. Mr Lucas Well, (10) ______________ I ask you another question? Karen Yes, go ahead. Mr Lucas (11) ______________ you start work tomorrow? The job is yours!

Can you do these activities? Complete the table for yourself. Then answer the questions.

Activity

UNIT 32 can and could for ability and possibility

3 ________________________________________________. 4 ________________________________________________.

Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.

1 2 3

can’t / They / tennis / play They can’t play tennis. ________________________________________________ you / speak / Chinese / Can ________________________________________________? use / mobile phones / You / at / can’t / school ________________________________________________.

4 5 6

borrow / please / Can / your / I / pen ________________________________________________? have / I / some / Can / please / water ________________________________________________? help / you / Can / I ________________________________________________?

UNIT 32 can and could for ability and possibility

Use the prompts and can to write sentences.

1 2 3

4 He was very embarrassed because he ______________ remember her name. 5 It’s a beautiful day. We ______________ go for a walk at the seaside. 6 After the accident, she ______________ play tennis for two months.

Complete the sentences. Use can / can’t or could / couldn’t plus a verb from the box. see

run

1 Susan was really tired last night but she _________________ couldn’t sleep. 2 The doctor is very busy. He _________________ you today. 3 Chris _________________ to the meeting last week. He was ill.

your sister / play hockey ✓ A _____________________________________________? B _____________________________________________. Amy / type fast A _____________________________________________? B _____________________________________________. Lisa and Joe / speak Russian ✓ A _____________________________________________? B _____________________________________________.

Complete the sentences with could or couldn’t.

find

4 5 6

Jill / ride a bike Can Jill ride a bike? A _____________________________________________ No, she can’t. B _____________________________________________ babies / walk A _____________________________________________? B _____________________________________________. Nick / whistle ✓ A _____________________________________________? B _____________________________________________.

couldn’t open the door because it was 1 I ______________ locked. 2 Alfie was a very clever boy. He ______________ read when he was four! 3 ______________ you repeat that, please?

you / pass / the salt / please ________________________________________________? you / not take photos / in the museum ________________________________________________. we / see / the mountains / from the hotel ________________________________________________?

Write questions with can. Then anwer them with short answers.

1 2 3

4 5 4

my brother / not play / the guitar My brother can’t play the guitar. ________________________________________________ you / clean / bedroom / please ________________________________________________? they / swim ________________________________________________?

speak

understand

sleep

4 When I was younger I _________________ a marathon in three hours! 5 Before Mario came to England he _________________ English. Now he _________________ everything. 6 I looked everywhere for my glasses but I _________________ them.

What could you do when you were six years old? Write sentences with could and couldn’t and the ideas in the box. read speak English play the violin sing draw pictures play video games say the alphabet count to one hundred ride a bike

1 ________________________________________________ 2 ________________________________________________

3 ________________________________________________ 4 ________________________________________________

UNIT

Comparatives and superlatives We use the comparative form of adjectives when we want to compare two elements such as objects, places and people. We use the comparative of adverbs to compare two different actions or behaviour. We generally use than after comparative adjectives. England is bigger than Scotland. Tim’s car goes faster than yours. Jane is cleverer than Stuart. We use the superlative form to compare someone or something in a group with all the other things in that group. Paul is the tallest person in the class. Ann drives the most carefully of her friends. How to make comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs: • with one-syllable words we add -er / -est tall → taller fast → faster cheap → cheaper tall → the tallest fast → the fastest cheap → the cheapest • with one-syllable words ending in vowel + consonant, we double the consonant big → bigger hot → hotter fat → fatter big → the biggest hot → the hottest fat → the fattest • with words ending in consonant + -y, we change the -y to -ie and add -r / -st easy → easier happy → happier dry → drier easy → the easiest happy → the happiest dry → the driest • for adjectives and adverbs with two or more syllables we use more + adjective / adverb and the most + adjective / adverb important → more important → the most important quickly → more quickly → the most quickly Note! We can modify comparatives with much / a lot or a bit / a little. You’re a lot stronger than me! Irregular adjectives and adverbs

Adjective / Adverb

Comparative

Superlative

good / well bad / badly far little much

better worse farther / further less more

the best the worst the farthest / the furthest the least the most

Write the comparative and superlative of the following adjectives.

colder, the coldest 1 cold ____________________________________ 2 intelligent ____________________________________ 3 high ____________________________________ 4 wet ____________________________________

5 lucky ____________________________________ 6 slow ____________________________________ 7 dangerous ____________________________________ 8 strange ____________________________________

UNIT 33 Comparatives and superlatives

Write the comparative and superlative of the following adverbs.

1 quietly ____________________________________ more quietly, the most quietly 2 carefully ____________________________________ 3 fast ____________________________________ 4 happily ____________________________________

Complete the sentences using the comparative of the adjective in brackets.

shorter (short) than his 1 Paul is ______________ brother. 2 This exercise is ______________ (hard) than the last one. 3 My headache is ______________ (bad) than yours! 4 I hope I get a ______________ (good) mark in my test than last time.

1 2 3

this jumper / pretty / the blue one This jumper is prettier than the blue one. _________________________________________________ Greece / small / Australia _________________________________________________. Indian food / spicy / Italian food _________________________________________________.

4 5 6

My English teacher / nice / history teacher _________________________________________________. Elephants / big / mice _________________________________________________. My motherâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s cooking / good / mine _________________________________________________.

Complete the sentences with the superlative form. 5 Amy knows ______________ (funny) jokes! 6 Which is ______________ (busy) city in the world? 7 Today I got ______________ (bad) mark in the class. 8 Susan is ______________ (pretty) of her four sisters.

Use the prompts to write comparative sentences with adverbs.

1 2 3

5 This computer is ______________ (little) expensive than that one. 6 It isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t very warm today. It was ______________ (warm) yesterday. 7 Our house is ______________ (big) than theirs. 8 Gold is ______________ (expensive) than silver.

Use the prompts to write sentences. Remember to use than. Then listen and check.

the longest (long) day of the year. 1 Today is ______________ 2 This is ______________ (good) chocolate cake in the cafĂŠ. 3 Frank is ______________ (short) boy in my class. 4 Jack is ______________ (intelligent) dog in the world.

5 badly ____________________________________ 6 heavily ____________________________________ ____________________________________ 7 early 8 suddenly ____________________________________

Joe drives / dangerously / his wife Joe drives more dangerously than his wife. _________________________________________________ Anita talks / slowly / Richard _________________________________________________. Liam speaks Spanish / fluently / the other students _________________________________________________.

4 5 6

Yesterday / I worked / hard / you _________________________________________________. He ran / fast / the other athletes _________________________________________________. Andy plays tennis / well / Pete _________________________________________________.

UNIT 33 Comparatives and superlatives

Read the short story and underline the correct options. Then listen and check.

Patricia heard a thump. Then she heard a thump that was (1) louder / the loudest than the first. The next thump was (2) louder / the loudest of all. She got out of bed and walked down the corridor, taking (3) quieter /the quietest steps she could. There were scary shadows everywhere, but the one behind her was (4) scarier /the scariest. ‘This is (5) spookier / the spookiest than a haunted house’, she thought. A spooky shadow followed her. It was (6) taller / the tallest than she was. When it followed her downstairs, Patricia screamed: ‘You don’t scare me!’ Suddenly Patricia began to laugh. There wasn’t a ghost in the house. The shadow was her own!

Write the comparative or superlative form of the adjectives in brackets to complete the sentences.

the most romantic 1 Romeo and Juliet is ______________________ (romantic) of all Shakespeare’s plays. 2 Let’s meet in the school library. It’s ______________ (quiet) than the other rooms. 3 My bedroom is ______________ (warm) room in the house.

4 I think football is ______________ (popular) sport in the world. 5 City life is ______________ (exciting) than life in the countryside. 6 Our rugby team played ______________ (well) of all. We won the trophy!

Read the advert and underline the best option. Looking for the perfect holiday in France? Do you want to eat (1) best /well / better than usual? Well come to the south of France. It is one of (2) the more / the most / more fashionable parts of France. You can enjoy (3) nicer /as nice / the nicest traditional food and (4) the best / better / well local wine. You can visit (5) the more / most / the most beautiful towns in the area such as Avignon and Aix-en-Provence. Don’t forget, you can also admire art by (6) the most / more / the much famous French artists, Renoir and Cézanne.

10 Think of two locations in your country. Write sentences using the comparative and superlative forms. 1 _________________________________________________ Liverpool is a fantastic city. It is bigger than _________________________________________________ Bath. Bath is more beautiful than Liverpool. 2 _________________________________________________ 3 _________________________________________________ It is the oldest spa town in the UK.

4 5 6 7

_________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________

UNIT

must, mustn’t, have to, don’t have to, had to We can use either must or have to to express obligation or necessity. We use must: • to talk about obligations and things we decide are necessary We must revise for the exam. It’s late! We must go. • to give advice or recommend something It’s a fantastic film. You must see it! • with rules and instructions You must stand up when the teacher arrives. You must write your name in black ink. We use have to: • to talk about obligations or something which is necessary because of a law or because someone else says it. My boss says I have to give a presentation tomorrow. I have to wear a uniform at my school. We use mustn’t: • to express prohibition You mustn’t run in the corridor. You mustn’t talk loudly in the library. We use don’t have to: • to say that something isn’t necessary We don’t have to go to school on Saturday. Does she have to get up early tomorrow morning? Note! For past obligations we use had to.

Complete the sentences with must or mustn’t.

1 We ______________ mustn’t forget mum and dad’s wedding anniversary. 2 Students ______________ turn off their mobile phones at school. 3 She ______________ go home alone. It’s dangerous. 4 We’ve got a maths test tomorrow. We ______________ study hard.

5 You ______________ visit India one day. It’s a fascinating country! 6 The film starts at 9 p.m. We ______________ be late. 7 The sea is rough today. You ______________ swim here. 8 Pete is sick. He ______________ stay in bed today.

Complete the sentences with must / mustn’t and a verb from the box. forget finish wash leave read feed go eat

must wash them. 1 My hands are dirty. I ______________ 2 We ______________ to the supermarket. We haven’t got any milk. 3 I ______________ to phone Julie. 4 It’s a great book. You ______________ it.

5 The dentist told the children they ______________ too many sweets. 6 You ______________ the animals at the zoo. 7 He ______________ the window open. It’s raining! 8 I ______________ my homework.

Complete the sentences with mustn’t or don’t have to / doesn’t have to.

1 They _______________ don’t have to wear a uniform. It’s not obligatory at this school. 2 She ______________ decide right now. She can decide later. 3 We ______________ eat in the classrooms.

4 You ______________ cut the grass. I cut it yesterday. 5 He ______________ drive so fast. It’s dangerous. 6 Susan is very rich. She ______________ work!

Complete the letter with the correct forms of must or have to.

Dear Jessica, in a how are you? I’m fine. I’ve got a new job ry DIY shop! I (1) ______________ work eve Saturday from 11 a.m. to 5 p.m. __ get up I don’t mind because I (2) ____________ uniform, too early! I (3) ______________ wear a trousers. but it’s OK. It’s a blue shirt and white I (4) ______________ know all about the customers products in the shop. Sometimes the __ can be difficult but I (5) ____________ says be rude! My boss is really kind but he I (6)______________ be late for work. h I (7) ______________ bring my own lunc ff. because there is a canteen for the sta problem. I really like my new job, but there’s one rk I (8) ______________ do all my homewo on Sunday! Write soon, Lian X

Write about the things you had to do and didn’t have to do when you were a child. You can use the ideas in the box to help you. learn Chinese wear a uniform go to school go to bed early walk to school wear glasses write poems do the washing up

1 2 3 4

I had to wear a uniform at school. _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________

5 6 7 8

_________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________

UNIT 34 must, mustn’t, have to, don’t have to, had to

UNIT

who, where, which, that Relative pronouns are used to link two sentences together. We use them to add further information. They can be subjects or objects of relative clauses. We use who to refer to people: I’ve got a friend. My friend can speak five languages. → I’ve got a friend who can speak five languages. We use which to refer to things and animals: We stayed in a hotel which had a swimming pool. We use where for places: This is the house where I grew up. We can use that instead of who / which for people, things and animals: He’s the doctor that saved my life. I always sit at the desk that is near the window.

Match column A with column B using who, which or where.

A 1 2 3 4 5 6

A greengrocer is a person ____________________ who A fridge is a thing _____________________________ A nurse is a person ___________________________ A dishwasher is a thing ______________________ A park is a place ______________________________ A cinema is a place ___________________________

5 That’s the girl ______________ sits next to me at school. 6 I can’t find the letter ______________ arrived yesterday. 7 The police are looking for the thief ______________ robbed the bank on Friday. 8 Jonas is wearing a coat ______________ is too big for him.

Underline the correct relative pronoun.

1 A thermometer is an object that / who measures temperature. 2 Spielberg directed the film Schindler’s List who / which won an Oscar. 3 A university is a place where / that students study. 4 The children rescued the cat who / that had a broken leg.

people go to walk. people use to keep food cold. you go to watch a film. people use to wash dishes. looks after sick people. sells fruit and vegetables.

Complete the sentences with who or which.

who 1 The man ______________ lives next door is Scottish. 2 What’s the name of the river ______________ flows through London? 3 I have a friend ______________ is very good at painting. 4 The teacher always asks questions ______________ are really difficult!

B a b c d e f

5 I know a person who / where works on the TV. 6 A baker’s is a place which / where you can buy bread and cakes. 7 That’s the palace where / who the royal family spend their holidays. 8 What did you do with the money where / which your mother gave you?

Complete the sentences with an appropriate relative pronoun.

1 We stayed in a hotel which / that had magnificent views. 2 Leo is the exchange student ______________ is staying with us for a week. 3 Do you know the girl ______________ lives at number 10? 4 Excuse me, is this the train ______________ goes to Brighton?

Join the two sentences together with who, which, where or that.

1 Chocoholic is a new café. It sells delicious chocolate cakes. is a new café which / that sells Chocoholic _________________________________________________ chocolate cakes. delicious _________________________________________________ 2 Emma Watson is an English actress. She starred in the Harry Potter films. _________________________________________________. 3 Chris bought a new car. It is very fast! _________________________________________________. 4 Barcelona is a Spanish city. You can see Gaudi’s architecture there. _________________________________________________.

5 My cousin, ______________ lives in Australia, can surf very well. 6 That’s the castle ______________ they filmed Harry Potter! 7 A Where’s the phone book? B It’s the big yellow book ______________ is on the shelf. 8 The café ______________ we usually meet is in a park.

5 That is Michael. I met him at the party. _________________________________________________. 6 Little Red Riding Hood went to visit her grandmother. Her grandmother lived in a small house in the woods. _________________________________________________. 7 Orange juice is a healthy drink. It has lots of vitamin C. _________________________________________________. 8 Killer whales are mammals. They live in the Arctic and Antarctic oceans. _________________________________________________.

Complete the sentences with a relative pronoun and your own ideas.

1 This is the house where Shakespeare was born.

3 Those are the books ________________________________ ____.

2 That’s the lady ________________________________ ____.

4 That’s the policeman ____________________________________.

UNIT 35 who, where, which, that

General revision Personal subject pronouns

Complete the sentences with the correct subject pronoun.

1 Hello! ______________ am Claire. 2 This is Steve. ______________ is in my class. 3 Ann is my best friend. ______________ is 16 years old. 4 This is Luke and this is Marie. ______________ are French. 5 I’m Veronika and he’s Karl. ______________ are from Germany.

6 A What’s Hello in Italian? B ______________ is Ciao. 7 A Where are ______________ from? B ______________ am from New York. 8 Susi is from New Zealand. ______________ speaks English.

Verb to be

Put the words in the correct order to make questions.

1 Are / hot / you ________________________________________________? 2 book / this / your / Is ________________________________________________? 3 Peter / from / the United States / Is ________________________________________________?

Complete the sentences with am, is or are.

1 ______________ Jane and Alice sisters? 2 This ______________ my new car. 3 ______________ you twenty-five years old?

4 married / Are / they ________________________________________________? 5 name / daughter’s / your / Sandra / Is ________________________________________________? 6 you / Are / lawyer / a ________________________________________________?

4 ______________ it your bike? 5 Tom and Alice ______________ married. 6 ______________ I a good student?

Correct the sentences.

1 London taxis are yellow. (black) London taxis aren’t yellow. They’re black. __________________________________________________ 2 David Beckham is a tennis player. (football player) _________________________________________. 3 Facebook is a famous detective story. (social network) __________________________________________________.

4 Tokyo is in Spain. (Japan) __________________________________________________. 5 Twilight is a cartoon. (film) __________________________________________________. 6 The Colosseum is in England. (Italy) __________________________________________________.

to be: short answers

Answer the questions with short answers.

1 A Is Brad Pitt French? B ______________________________________________. 2 A Are you from Germany? ✓ B ______________________________________________. 3 A Is he your friend? B ______________________________________________.

4 A Are the kids in the living room? ✓ B ______________________________________________. 5 A Is the cat in the garden? B ______________________________________________. 6 A Are Pete and Mike from England? B ______________________________________________.

General revision There is / There are

Complete the sentences using There is / are, There isn’t / aren’t or Is there / Are there?

1 ______________ a library in your town? 2 ______________ many parks in New York. 3 ______________ a fridge in the kitchen?

4 ______________ 8 days in a week. 5 ______________ a fly in my soup! 6 ______________ a swimming pool on the moon.

Idiomatic use of to be

Look at the photos and use the adjectives in the box to write sentences about the people in the pictures. late afraid cold thirsty lucky sad angry sleepy

1 __________________________ Linda is sad. __________________________

2 Joe _____________________ __________________________

3 Geoff ___________________ __________________________

4 Carol ___________________ __________________________

5 Billy ____________________ __________________________

6 Jill ______________________ __________________________

7 Brian ___________________ __________________________

8 Lucy and Charlie ______ __________________________

Plural of nouns

Change the words in brackets from singular to plural.

1 Those ______________ (glass) are full of water. 2 There are three ______________ (dictionary) on the shelf. 3 Those ______________ (child) are very polite. 4 Look! There are four black ______________ (cat) on those ______________ (roof). 5 There are elegant ______________ (lady) and ______________ (gentleman) at the party.

6 A What are double-deckers? B They are London ______________ (bus). 7 Are those ______________ (church) old? 8 Football ______________ (match) are sometimes exciting. 9 Those ______________ (radio) are very old. 10 These ______________ (doll) are nice ______________ (toy).

General revision 9

Complete the crossword with the plural form of the nouns.

1 foot 2 beach 3 child 4 lady 5 roof 6 wolf 7 key 8 man 9 school 10 piano

2 1

7 9

a / an, the

10 Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct option. A LOTTERY WINNER Martin is (1) ______________ very lucky man. He is (2) ______________ winner of (3) ______________ 2012 a Lottery jackpot. Now he lives in (4) ______________ large, modern flat in (5) ______________ Sydney. In (6) ______________ flat there are (7) ______________ six bedrooms. There is also (8) ______________ swimming pool and (9) ______________ cinema. Martin has (10) ______________ American wife. Sheâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s (11) ______________ photographer. Martin and his wife often travel to different countries. They have houses in (12) ______________ United Kingdom and in (13) ______________ Italy. Martin wants to build (14) ______________ house on (15) ______________ moon!

â&#x153;&#x201C; a 1 a c the b an the c an 2 a b b c the 3 a an b an c a 4 a the the c an 5 a b b c the 6 a a a c the 7 a b b c an 8 a a

9 a the 10 a an 11 a the 12 a an 13 a the 14 a an 15 a the

b b b b b b b

a c an the c a a c c the a c a c the an c a

General revision this, that, these, those

Make questions with this or these.

1 watch ________________________________________________ Is this your watch? 2 shoes ________________________________________________? 3 book ________________________________________________?

4 DVDs ________________________________________________? 5 jacket ________________________________________________? 6 keys ________________________________________________?

12 Make sentences with that or those. 1 teacher Is that your teacher? ________________________________________________ 2 children ________________________________________________? 3 cup of tea ________________________________________________?

4 earrings ________________________________________________? 5 car ________________________________________________? 6 flowers ________________________________________________?

13 Change the sentences from singular to plural. 1 This is a blue pen. ________________________________________________ 2 That house is beautiful. ________________________________________________ 3 This email is for you. ________________________________________________

4 That student is Russian. ________________________________________________ 5 This exercise is easy. ________________________________________________ 6 That dog is very cute. ________________________________________________

The time

14 Look at the information about what is on TV tonight. Write and answer questions.

ON TV

BBC1 3.55 5.00 5.20 7.15 8.25 9.30

Fun town (cartoon) The News The Jungle Animal rescue Top tunes Film: Eye of the Tiger

1 ________________________________________________ What time is ‘Fun town’ on? ________________________________________________ It’s on at five minutes to four. 2 ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________. 3 ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________. 4 ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________. 5 ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________. 6 ________________________________________________? ________________________________________________.

General revision Prepositions of time: on, in, at

15 Complete the sentences wth on, in or at. 1 ______________ Christmas, people in the UK eat roast turkey. 2 ______________ Sundays the Brown family go to church. 3 What do you usually do ______________ the weekend?

4 We often go on holiday ______________ September. 5 My birthday is ______________ 30th October. 6 ______________ the end of the lesson the children were tired.

Question words

16 Write the correct question word. 1 A ______________’s your name and ______________ are you from? B My name’s Suresh and I’m from India. 2 A ______________ is Alice coming to visit us? B She’s coming on Tuesday. 3 A ______________ are you so excited? B It’s my birthday! 4 A ______________‘s your favourite actress? B I like Keira Knightley. I think she’s really good.

5 A ______________‘s the time? B It’s half past seven. 6 A ______________’s that man talking to David? B His name is Paul Stevens and he’s a doctor. 7 A ______________ is your birthday? B It’s on 12th January. 8 A ______________ is Chris? B He’s at the gym.

Personal object and subject pronouns

17 Underline the correct words. 1 We / Us are going with them / they. 2 My sister and I / me have lunch with they / them on Mondays. 3 Him / He always comes to the gym with I / me.

4 I / Me go to school with she / her. 5 He / Him never arrives on time! 6 Emily is a nice girl. I like she / her, and I think she likes me / I too.

Possessive adjectives and pronouns

18 Rewrite the sentences using possessive pronouns. 1 This isn’t for Amy, it’s for Tom. ________________________________________________ 2 That’s not for Craig, it’s for us. ________________________________________________ 3 This isn’t for Pete, it’s for his wife. ________________________________________________

4 These aren’t for Chris, they are for me. ________________________________________________ 5 These aren’t for you, they are for us. ________________________________________________ 6 That’s not for the children, it’s for their father. ________________________________________

19 Underline the correct words. 1 A Is this your / yours book? B No, mine / my is in my / mine bag. 2 Our / Ours room is big, but hers / her is very small. 3 Look at her / hers hair. It’s green!

4 These flowers are your / yours. 5 Look at that bird. Its / Hers wing is broken. 6 I phone my / mine grandmother every evening.

General revision The possessive ’s

20 Put the words in the correct order. 1 Ben’s / these / socks / are _______________________________________________? 2 are / grandmother / Jim’s / you ________________________________________________? 3 girlfriend / very / is / brother’s / nice / my ________________________________________________.

4 boys’ / in / the / garage / bikes / the / are ________________________________________________. 5 cousin / David’s / Spanish / is ________________________________________________. 6 party / It’s / my / sister’s ________________________________________________.

Adjectives and adverbs

21 Read the sentences and underline an adjective or an adverb. 1 My neighbour plays loud / loudly music every evening. 2 Abby dances beautiful / beautifully. 3 This magazine is very interesting / interestingly.

4 Talk quiet / quietly in the library, please. 5 She works patient / patiently with young children. 6 His voice is fantastic / fantastically.

have got

22 Rewrite the sentences in the negative form. 1 He’s got a toothache. ________________________________________________ He hasn’t got a toothache. 2 Susan has got a lot of homework. ________________________________________________. 3 Her brothers have got brown eyes. ________________________________________________.

4 James has got a new bike. ________________________________________________. 5 They have got a tree-house in the garden. ________________________________________________. 6 We have got an appointment at 3 p.m. ________________________________________________.

Countable and uncountable nouns; a / an, some, any, no

23 Complete the sentences with some or any. 1 There are ______________ eggs in the basket. 2 Are there ______________ apples on the tree? 3 Mum’s got ______________ bread, but she hasn’t got ______________ butter. 4 Can I have ______________ milk?

5 6 7 8

Are there ______________ biscuits in the tin? There isn’t ______________ sugar in the bowl. The children have got ______________ sweets. He wants ______________ cake for dessert.

How much? / How many?

24 Complete the sentences with much or many. 1 How ______________presents are under the Christmas tree? 2 How ______________ time have you got? 3 How ______________ people are at the meeting?

4 How ______________ English lessons do you have every week? 5 How ______________ milk is there in the fridge? 6 How ______________ fruit do you eat in an average day?

General revision much, many, a lot of

25 Underline the correct form. 1 There is a lot of / much salt in this soup. 2 He hasn’t got many / much money. 3 Are there a lot of / much people at the museum? 4 I’ve got a lot of / much things to do today!

5 Many / Much students use the Web to do research. 6 She doesn’t eat many / much meat. She prefers fish.

Ordinal numbers and dates

26 Use ordinal numbers to write the position of the following letters in the English alphabet. 1 B ______________ 2 E ______________ 3 M ______________ 4 F ______________

5 C ______________ 6 A ______________ 7 T ______________ 8 Y ______________

The imperative

27 Put the words in brackets in the imperative. Use the affirmative or negative forms. 1 Quick! ______________ the fire brigade! (to call) 2 ______________ in the library. (not / to eat) 3 Always ______________ the instructions. (to read)

4 ______________ the door. The paint is wet! (not / to touch) 5 ______________ your teeth after every meal. (to brush) 6 ______________ your books. (to open)

Expressions with have

28 Complete the sentences with the correct form of to have or to be. 1 I ______________ hungry. Let’s go and ______________ lunch. 2 How old ______________ Angela? 3 We usually ______________ dinner at 6 p.m but today we ______________ really late. 4 A ______________ you cold? B Yes, I ______________ freezing!

5 Alistair ______________ bacon and eggs for breakfast every Sunday. 6 She ______________ very upset. 7 Our school is very nice. We ______________ a swimming pool and a big library. 8 Chris ______________ a terrible headache.

Present simple

29 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets in the Present simple. 1 He ______________ (begin) class at 8.30 a.m. 2 They ______________ (not drink) orange juice at breakfast. 3 Maria never ______________ (watch) TV. 4 Mr Lee ______________ (speak) Chinese.

5 Madame Dupont ______________ (teach) French. 6 A Do they ______________ (live) in Cambridge? B Yes, they do.

General revision Adverbs of frequency

30 Rewrite the sentences with the adverb of frequency. 1 I meet her at the café. (often) ________________________________________________. 2 I drink coffee with milk. (hardly ever) ________________________________________________. 3 I travel by train. (sometimes) ________________________________________________.

4 The buses are full at rush hour. (always) ________________________________________________. 5 He gets up before ten o’clock. (never) ________________________________________________. 6 The children are well-behaved. (usually) ________________________________________________.

Prepositions of place

31 Write at, in or on to complete the sentences. 1 Oliver is ______________ the living room. 2 The bag is ______________ the table. 3 The wine is ______________ the fridge.

4 I met Tracey ______________ the station. 5 The letters are ______________ the desk. 6 Daniel is ______________ Thomas’s house.

shall / let’s for offers and suggestions

32 Put the words in the correct order. 1 make / I / some / Shall / tea ________________________________________________? 2 birthday / Let’s / Stuart / a / buy / present ________________________________________________. 3 film / What / we / shall / watch ________________________________________________?

4 get / I / something / Shall / you / drink / to ________________________________________________? 5 on / go / together / Let’s / holiday ________________________________________________. 6 shopping / next / Shall / go / we / Saturday ________________________________________________?

Present continuous

33 Complete the sentences in the Present continuous. 1 It _____________________ (not snow) at the moment. 2 They _____________________ (listen) to a new CD. 3 Tom _____________________ (sit) on the sofa.

4 Steve _____________________ (write) an email. 5 I _____________________ (leave) next Monday. 6 The children _____________________ (not do) their homework now.

Verbs + -ing, verbs + infinitive

34 Complete the sentences with verb + -ing or verb + infinitive. 1 I don’t like ______________ (go) to the doctor. 2 He wants ______________ (be) a pilot when he grows up. 3 She offered ______________ (help) with the shopping.

4 They prefer ______________ (walk) to driving. 5 My brother is good at ______________ (play) basketball. 6 My father hates ______________ (wear) a suit to work.

General revision Present simple or Present continuous?

35 Complete the interview with the verbs in brackets. Be careful! Some verbs cannot be used in the

Present continuous form.

A Where (1) _____________________ (you, work) at the moment? B On a farm in Australia! My best friend (2) _____________________ (stay) with me at the moment, too. A Do (3) _____________________ (you, like) it there? B Oh yes, it’s good fun. I (4) _____________________ (prefer) the lifestyle in the countryside. It’s calm and relaxing.

A What things (5) _____________________ (learn)? B We (6) _____________________ (have) horse riding lessons next week. A Wow, that sounds great! (7) _____________________ (you, plan) to visit Sydney? B Oh yes. I (8) _____________________ (go) next month. A OK, enjoy yourself!

Past simple to be

36 Use the prompts to write questions. Then match the questions with the correct reply. 1 late / you / this morning? Why were you late this morning? ________________________________________________ 2 easy / your English exam? ________________________________________________ 3 your new smartphone / how much? ________________________________________________ 4 good / the film? ________________________________________________ 5 you / yesterday morning? ________________________________________________

It was ninety pounds.

Yes, it was really funny.

1 There was a lot of traffic.

I was at home.

No, it was difficult.

37 Answer these questions for yourself. 1 Were you at the gym at 6.30 p.m. yesterday? _____________________. 2 You _____________________ pay the ticket if you are a child. 3 Was it your birthday last week? _____________________. 4 Was it sunny yesterday? _____________________.

5 Were there many people at the supermarket last Friday? _____________________. 6 Where were your friends last weekend? _____________________. 7 I _____________________ study for tomorrow, it’s bank holiday! 8 Where were you ten minutes ago? _____________________.

Past simple (regular and irregular verbs)

38 Complete the sentences in the Past simple. 1 She ______________ (buy) a magazine yesterday. 2 Sam ______________ (not like) vegetables when he was a child. 3 We ______________ (have) a party last Saturday. 4 What ______________ (she, do) last weekend?

5 It ______________ (not rain) last summer. 6 They ______________ (go) to Mexico last year. 7 She ______________ (drink) six cups of coffee yesterday! 8 He ______________ (study) very hard for the exam.

General revision can and could for ability and possibility

39 Complete the sentences with can / can’t or could / couldn’t. 1 She ______________ read because she is only two years old. 2 I’m sorry I ______________ phone you yesterday. I didn’t have your telephone number with me. 3 I’ve got a problem. ______________ you help me?

4 It’s raining. ______________ I borrow your umbrella? 5 You ______________ stay up late tonight. You’ve got school tomorrow. 6 We ______________ go to the party last week. We had the flu!

Comparatives and superlatives

40 Complete the sentences with the comparative or superlative form of the adjectives in the box. old tall slow young good friendly interesting fast 1 Our lesson was _____________________ more interesting than yours. 2 Hurry up! You’re _____________________ than a snail! 3 Sally is _____________________ than James. She is fifteen and he is twenty. 4 Manuel’s grandmother is _____________________ in the family. She is ninety-nine years old!

5 He is _____________________ at maths than his sister. He always gets good marks. 6 Cats run _____________________ than tortoises. 7 Greg is _____________________ boy in the class. He is 2.20 m! 8 Our neighbours are _____________________ people we know.

must, mustn’t, have to, don’t have to, had to

41 Complete the sentences with must, mustn’t, have to or had to. 1 You ______________ run in the corridor. 2 Yesterday I ______________ finish my homework. 3 Do you ______________ work next weekend?

4 Children! You ______________ leave your toys on the floor. 5 Cyclists ______________ use the cycle path. 6 You ______________ throw rubbish in the river.

who, where, which, that

42 Complete the sentences with an appropriate relative pronoun. 1 That is the office ______________ Max works. 2 Mr Bailey, ______________ is a maths teacher, is also a good artist. 3 I don’t like films ______________ have sad endings.

4 I really love the town ______________ you live. 5 A vet is a person ______________ works with animals. 6 A baker’s is a place ______________ you can buy bread.

Appendix A Irregular verbs Base form Past simple

Past participle

Base form Past simple

Past participle

be become begin bet bite blow break bring build burn buy catch choose come cost cut deal dig do draw dream drink drive eat fall feed feel fight find fly forget get give go grow hang have hear hide hit hold hurt keep know learn leave

been become begun bet bitten blown broken brought built burnt / burned bought caught chosen come cost cut dealt dug done drawn dreamt / dreamed drunk driven eaten fallen fed felt fought found flown forgotten got given been / gone grown hung had heard hidden hit held hurt kept known learnt / learned left

lend let lie light lose make mean meet pay put read ride ring run say see sell send set shoot show sing sink sit sleep smell speak spell spend spill stand steal stick sweep swim take teach tear tell think throw understand wake wear win write

lent let lain lit lost made meant met paid put read / red ridden rung run said seen sold sent set shot shown sung sunk sat slept smelt / smelled spoken spelt spent spilt stood stolen stuck swept swum taken taught torn told thought thrown understood woken worn won written

was / were became began bet bit blew broke brought built burnt / burned bought caught chose came cost cut dealt dug did drew dreamt / dreamed drank drove ate fell fed felt fought found flew forgot got gave went grew hung had heard hid hit held hurt kept knew learnt / learned left

lent let lay lit lost made meant met paid put read / red rode rang ran said saw sold sent set shot showed sang sank sat slept smelt / smelled spoke spelt spent spilt stood stole stuck swept swam took taught tore told thought threw understood woke wore won wrote

Appendix B Phonetic alphabet Consonants

Vowels and diphthongs

Symbol

Example

Symbol

Example

p b t d k g f v   s z   h t d m n  w l r j

pen board table day cap go funny very think mother sunny zoo, his she measure hungry cheese joy my nobody sing water look read young

i                  

eat it bed has start hot door book moon love skirt the day know five sound hear hair pure

English punctuation A a . , ‘ ; : ? ! _ … / ‘‘ ““ ()

CAPITAL LETTER lower case full stop comma apostrophe semicolon colon question mark exclamation mark hyphen dash dots slash quotation double quotation marks brackets

Audioscripts TR 2 Unit 2 ex. 3 1 Miss Powell is a reporter. 2 Victoria and Owen are from New York. 3 José and Manuel aren’t friends. 4 The weather is beautiful today. 5 She is my sister. 6 Mr and Mrs Bailey are lawyers. 7 The chairs are in the classroom. 8 The books are heavy. TR 3 Unit 3 ex. 1 1 A Are you thirsty? B No, I’m not. 2 A Is it cold today? B Yes, it is. 3 A Is she tired? B Yes, she is. 4 A Are they happy? B No, they aren’t. 5 A Are the students in the classroom? B No, they aren’t. 6 A Is your house big? B No, it isn’t. 7 A Is your best friend short? B Yes, she is. 8 A Is your mother a nurse? B No, she isn’t. 9 A Are you a good student? B Yes, I am. 10 A Are the shops open today? B No, they aren’t. TR 4 Unit 3 ex. 4 Kathy Hello. My name’s Kathy. What’s your name? Carlos I’m Carlos. Hi! Kathy Hi, Carlos. Are you a student? Carlos Yes, I am. Kathy Where are you from? Are you from Spain? Carlos No, I’m not. I’m from Argentina. And you? Kathy I’m from Chicago in the USA. TR 5 Unit 4 ex. 4 1 There’s a fox in the park. 2 There are two pairs of socks and a T-shirt on the floor. 3 She’s an excellent teacher and she’s pretty too. 4 There are several boys playing football outside. 5 It’s an adorable dog. 6 There are many good restaurants in my town but they’re all expensive. 7 She’s my grandmother. 8 There’s a great film on TV tonight. 9 There’s a delicious cake in the kitchen. 10 He’s my brother. 11 There’s someone at the door. 12 Her name is Sarah. She’s English.

TR 6 Unit 5 ex. 1 1 A Why are you going to bed? B Because I am tired. 2 A Why are you eating? B Because I am hungry. 3 A Why is she going to bed? B Because she is sleepy. 4 Wash your hands! They are dirty! 5 May I open the window? I’m hot. 6 A Madrid is in Argentina. B No, you’re wrong. 7 My feet are always cold in winter. 8 They are interested in history. 9 We are happy because we passed our exam. 10 He is thirsty because it is very hot outside. 11 Helen is afraid of spiders. 12 A 5 plus 5 is 10. B Yes, you’re right! TR 7 Unit 5 ex. 4 Tina Hi Tony. This is Tina. Tony Oh, hello Tina. How are you? Tina I’m fine, thanks. And you? Tony Yes, I’m fine. Where are you? Tina I’m in the park with James and Olivia. Tony Which park? Tina Greenhill Park. It’s really hot. Do you want to meet us here? Tony Erm, no thanks. I’m really tired. Tina Oh, OK, well, see you tomorrow. Bye! Tony Bye! TR 8 Unit 6 ex. 5 1 shelves • 2 child • 3 toes • 4 knife • 5 churches 6 women • 7 country • 8 man TR 9 Unit 9 ex. 2 1 It’s 2.20 p.m. 2 It’s 12.30 in the afternoon. 3 It’s quarter past five in the morning. 4 It’s ten past nine in the evening. 5 It’s eight o’clock in the morning. 6 It’s quarter to four in the afternoon. 7 It’s five to seven in the evening. 8 It’s twenty past ten in the morning. 9 It’s 3 p.m. 10 It’s five past nine in the morning.

TR 11 Unit 13 ex. 2 1 I wash my hands before dinner. 2 Mary has long hair and her eyes are blue. 3 I have a beautiful Siamese cat; its fur is beige and very soft. 4 British people love their pets very much! 5 We always park our car in the garage. 6 Tom and his sister Katy are twins. 7 Children! Where are your schoolbooks? 8 Here’s my key! Where’s your key, dad? TR 12 Unit 15 ex. 3 1 This museum is very interesting. 2 A ladybird is a tiny insect. 3 My brother’s got a pretty girlfriend. 4 I think Chinese is a difficult language. 5 This jacket is not expensive. It’s only £20. 6 These trainers are very comfortable. 7 This is an easy exercise. 8 My sister has got long hair. TR 13 Unit 15 ex. 4 1 Venice is a beautiful city. 2 I’ve got blue eyes. 3 Fish and chips is an English meal. 4 Is your teacher strict? 5 My brother likes scary films. 6 Lucy has got a new digital camera.

Audioscripts

TR 10 Unit 11 ex. 3 1 A How old are you? B I’m 19. 2 A Where are you from? B I’m from Bath. 3 A How tall are you? B I’m 1 metre, 70. 4 A What’s your name? B My name’s Audrey. 5 A Where is Paul? B He’s in the kitchen. 6 A Who is that man with the black hat? B That’s Simon. 7 A How are you? B Fine, thanks. 8 A What’s your job? B I’m a vet. 9 A When is the party? B It’s tonight! 10 A Why is he sad? B He’s got a headache. 11 A Who are they? B They’re my cousins. 12 A When is dinner ready? B In half an hour.

TR 14 Unit 16 ex. 4 1 A Have you got a new bike? B Yes, I have. 2 I haven’t got a red coat. I’ve got a blue one. 3 A Has Susan got curly hair? B No, she hasn’t. 4 Those children have got three pets. 5 A Has Eric got a fast car? B No, he hasn’t. He’s got a motorbike. 6 A Have you got dark hair? B No, I haven’t. I’ve got ginger hair. 7 A What have you got in your rucksack? B I’ve got my keys, CDs and schoolbooks. 8 My little brother has got a stomach ache. TR 15 Unit 16 ex. 7 The British love animals. Many families have got one or two pets. Dogs, cats and rabbits are popular pets. But some people have got unusual pets. Sara is fifteen years old. She has got a donkey. It is called Jack. He’s got brown and white fur. He’s got very large ears and a long tail. He’s friendly and playful. TR 16 Unit 16 ex. 8 1 A Have they got a house? B Yes, they’ve got a beautiful house. 2 A Have you got a lot of homework? B Yes, I’ve got a lot of homework. 3 A Has he got a car? B Yes, he has. He’s got a motorbike, too. 4 A Has she got a pet? B Yes, she’s got two dogs and a cat. 5 A Have you got a car? B No, I haven’t. I prefer walking to driving. 6 A Has your school got a library? B Yes, it’s got a library with lots of books. 7 A Has he got a headache? B No, he’s got the flu. 8 A Have you got a digital camera? B Yes, we have. It takes excellent photos. TR 17 Unit 17 ex. 6 Tom So how do you make pancakes? Sarah Well, first you break two eggs in a bowl. Then in another bowl you mix two cups of flour and a teaspoon of salt. Tom OK, that’s easy. Sarah Then you add the eggs to the flour and mix everything together. Tom Do you need any sugar? Sarah No, you don’t need any sugar at the moment. Now, add some milk to the mixture and whisk everything together. Next, melt some butter in a pan and then pour a tablespoon of mixture in the pan and cook for two minutes until the pancakes are golden brown. Tom Then my favourite bit! We can put some sugar on the pancakes. Sarah Have you got any lemon juice? I love lemon and sugar on pancakes!

Audioscripts

TR 18 Unit 18 ex. 1 1 How many CDs have you got? 2 How many classrooms are there in your school? 3 How much coffee do you drink per day? 4 How many appointments have you got today? 5 How much sugar do you want? 6 How much time is there? TR 19 Unit 20 ex. 3 1 10th • 2 25th • 3 43rd • 4 6th • 5 71st • 6 18th • 7 50th • 8 30th TR 20 Unit 20 ex. 4 1 My date of birth is the sixteenth of July, nineteen eighty-nine. 2 My birthday is on the third of May. I was born in two thousand. 3 My sister’s date of birth is the twenty-fifth of December, nineteen seventy-nine. Her birthday is on Christmas Day! 4 My brother’s birthday is on the twenty-sixth of February. He was born in two thousand and five. 5 Mr friend’s birthday is on the thirty-first of October. She was born in nineteen eighty-five. 6 My daughter’s date of birth is the twenty-second of August, twenty twelve. 7 My son’s birthday is on the sixth of June. He was born in two thousand and nine. 8 Mum’s date of birth is 31 / 03 / 1960. TR 21 Unit 21 ex. 3 1 Wash your hands before you eat. 2 The water’s boiling. Put some salt in it. 3 Don’t be late for dinner! 4 Eat lots of fruit and vegetables. They’re good for you! 5 Don’t touch that wire. It’s sharp. 6 Try not to be so shy. 7 Hello Jack! Come in and have a cup of tea. 8 Don’t stand under a tree during a thunderstorm. TR 22 Unit 22 ex. 3 1 A I’m really tired. B Have a rest. 2 A Shall we have a snack? B No, I’m not hungry. 3 A Our flight leaves at 10.00 a.m. We’re very excited. B Have a good journey! 4 A I am so dirty! B Have a shower! 5 A I’m really thirsty. B Have a drink! 6 A There’s a party at Sally’s house tonight. B Have fun!

TR 23 Unit 23 ex. 9 Jack is fifteen years old. He goes to St. Mary’s Secondary School in Edinburgh, Scotland. During the week he gets up at 7.30 in the morning. His mum prepares breakfast. He has toast and tea. At 8.30 Jack takes the bus to school. School starts at ten past nine. At break-time Jack and his friends usually play rugby outside. At lunchtime Jack eats in the school canteen. There is a different menu every day. On Fridays Jack has an art lesson. He loves drawing and painting! The school bell rings at 3.30 p.m. After school Jack does his homework and sometimes plays with his friends. TR 24 Unit 25 ex. 3 1 There is a dog on the armchair. 2 There is a vase with flowers on the table. 3 The table is in front of the sofa. 4 The remote control is under the table. 5 The lamp is next to the sofa. 6 There is a painting on the wall. 7 There is a cat behind the armchair. 8 The fireplace is next to the TV. TR 25 Unit 25 ex. 7 1 A Excuse me, where is the bank? B There’s a bank in Ramsay Road. A And is there a bookshop near here? B Yes, there’s a bookshop between the baker’s and the post office. A Thank you. 2 A Excuse me, where is the school? B The school? Oh, it’s in Willow Street. A Is it near the bank? B No, it isn’t. It’s next to the park. A OK, thanks! TR 26 Unit 26 ex. 5 1 A It’s very warm in this room. B Shall I open the window? 2 A Let’s have a party. B Good idea. Who shall we invite? 3 A I’m really hungry. B Shall I make you a snack? 4 A Shall we go out tomorrow evening? B Yes, let’s meet Alex and Olivia at the new pizza restaurant in town. 5 A Shall we buy Chris a birthday present? B Yes, of course! What shall we buy him? 6 A Let’s play tennis. B Oh, we always play tennis. Let’s do something else.

TR 28 Unit 30 ex. 5 1 A Was the party at nine? B No, it wasn’t. It was at 8.30. 2 A Was it Chris’s birthday last Saturday? B Yes, he was ten. 3 A Jack and Mary, were you at home last night? B No, we weren’t. There was a concert at school. 4 A Why weren’t you at work? B Because I was sick! 5 A Where were Paul and Annie yesterday? B They were at the gym doing exercises. 6 A Joe, were you on holiday last week? B Yes, I was. I was in France. TR 29 Unit 31 ex. 1 1 talked • 2 arrived • 3 passed • 4 watched • 5 visited • 6 cleaned 7 hated • 8 slipped • 9 ended • 10 hurried • 11 controlled 12 stayed • 13 opened • 14 answered • 15 developed • 16 jumped TR 30 Unit 31 ex. 3 1 bought • 2 did • 3 took • 4 had • 5 brought • 6 came • 7 went 8 got up • 9 told • 10 put • 11 ate • 12 drank • 13 wrote • 14 made 15 read • 16 gave

TR 32 Unit 32 ex. 1 Mr Lucas Good morning, Karen. Karen Good morning, Mr Lucas. Mr Lucas Now, let me see. Can you drive? Karen No, I can’t, but I can ride a motorbike. Mr Lucas Right. And can you speak any foreign languages? Karen Yes, I can speak Spanish, French, German and Chinese. Mr Lucas Excellent! Can you use a computer? Karen Yes, I can, but I can’t type fast. Mr Lucas OK. Can you tell me about your interests, please? Karen Yes, of course. I play lots of sports and I travel a lot. Mr Lucas Well, can I ask you another question? Karen Yes, go ahead. Mr Lucas Can you start work tomorrow? The job is yours! TR 33 Unit 33 ex. 4 1 This jumper is prettier than the blue one. 2 Greece is smaller than Australia. 3 Indian food is spicier than Italian food. 4 My English teacher is nicer than my History teacher. 5 Elephants are bigger than mice. 6 My mother’s cooking is better than mine. TR 34 Unit 33 ex. 7 Patricia heard a thump. Then she heard a thump that was louder than the first. The next thump was the loudest of all. She got out of bed and walked down the corridor, taking the quietest steps she could. There were scary shadows everywhere, but the one behind her was the scariest. ‘This is spookier than a haunted house’, she thought. A spooky shadow followed her. It was taller than she was. When it followed her downstairs, Patricia screamed: ‘You don’t scare me!’ Suddenly Patricia began to laugh. There wasn’t a ghost in the house. The shadow was her own!

TR 31 Unit 31 ex. 6 1 A Did you speak to Paul? B No, I didn’t, but I spoke to his sister. 2 A Where did you find my wallet? B I found it behind the bookcase. 3 A Did he take you to school by car? B Yes, he did. He drove me in his new Ferrari! 4 A How much did you pay for your new computer? B I paid £350 for it. 5 A Did you go to the theatre last night? B Yes, I went with Olivia. 6 A What did you buy yesterday? B I bought a new pair of trainers.

Audioscripts

TR 27 Unit 27 ex. 4 Matilda Hi Mum...yes, everything is fine. Henry is watching TV in his bedroom and I’m sitting in the kitchen. I’m reading a magazine. What about you and Dad? Are you enjoying yourselves? Mum Yes, the restaurant is very nice. We are eating steak and chips. What is Anna doing? Is she doing her homework? Matilda No, she isn’t doing her homework. She’s practising the piano. Mum OK, that’s fine. Matilda Mum, I’ve got to go! Henry is playing football in the living room! He’s breaking everything! Mum What!!! Oh no!

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