Elite Lifestyle Magazine: Issue 55

E L I TE 時 尚 精 英

文化藝術 美國旅遊 音樂賞析 醫學保健

The Language of Flowers 芬芳密語——淺談花語的歷史

MARCH-APRIL 2022

Thomas Cole: The Voyage of Life 走入畫境 品生命之旅

America’s National Parks: Yosemite 美國國家公園優勝美地

ARTISTIC MISSION AN

Sculptor Johanna Schwaiger on the power of art to transform the public 創作的本質

March-April 2022 $6.99

ISSUE 55

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目錄 CONTENTS 6

張曉鋒 建築設計事務所

Editor’s Pick 編輯精選

Very Peri, Very Lively 長春花藍

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What Doesn’t Kill You Makes You Stronger

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The Health Benefits of Nature

國際一流設計水準，專業、周到、

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The Language of Flowers

在大紐約地區建房及裝修的願望

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Dahlia Dilemmas Maintaining these prolific, yet complex plants

美國註冊建築師

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美國建築師註冊委員會 NCARB 認證 綠色建築註冊專業人士 LEED AP

禍福相依——病毒的兩面性

親近自然 沐浴心靈

芬芳密語——淺談花語的歷史

嬌花養護指南：風情萬種的大麗花

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An Artistic Mission

創作的本質——專訪傳統人像雕刻家

The Voyage of Life

走入畫境 品生命之旅——美國風景畫家托馬斯· 科爾名作賞析

The ‘Flower Duet’

繞梁經典旋律：且聽〈花之二重唱〉

America’s National Parks: Yosemite

深入人間仙境：美國國家公園優勝美地

Poliform: Traditional Italian Mastery in Modern Furniture

人本美學 意式匠心

The Touch of Opulence, the Feel of Royalty Chapel Hill Mansion 凝粹古典風華 紐約奢豪名宅

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Recipe: Lemon Ricotta Pancakes

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Recipe: Hong Kong Egg Tarts

意式乳酪香檸鬆餅 港式蛋塔

全世界華人 美聲唱法 聲樂大賽 2022 NTD 8 TH INT’L Chinese Vocal Competition

金獎

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2022 年 9 月

Merkin Hall -KMC NEW YORK Sep. 2022

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VO C A L ＠ G LO B A LC O M P E T I T I O N S . O R G

公告 ANNOUNCEMENT

Dear readers, It has been over a decade since ELITE Lifestyle Magazine was first established in 2011. From the bottom of our hearts, we are grateful for your continued support.

At the start of 2022, our team joined Bright Magazine Group, which is dedicated to creating content that inspires positivity. Shining a light on the good of humanity is the core value of this media. We will continue discovering the virtues of classic and timeless wisdom; share beautiful stories about humanity; and refine the art of living via topics like wellness of mind and body, travel, culture, the arts, food, and science. Going forward, we will republish exclusive content from Bright Magazine Group’s monthly publications, American Essence and Radiant LIfe, while continuing to print in both Chinese and English. We believe that we can provide more diverse voices, imagination, and hope on your journey toward enjoying a positive lifestyle.

敬愛的讀者您好， 《時尚精英》成立於2011年，至今已走過了十餘年的光陰，由衷感謝各位 讀者一路相隨。本編輯團隊於今年正式併入「Bright Magazine Group」 媒體旗下，致力於打造提升人們生活品質的優質內容。光明、正向，讓 人性輝光兀自閃耀，是該團隊的核心理念。 我們以人為本，持續挖掘那些亙古不變的經典與智慧，遍尋生命裡的動 人故事，同時也從日常身心靈保健、旅行、文化、藝術、飲食、科學等 層面，帶來探尋光明的生活藝術。未來本刊將會轉載Bright Magazine Group旗下全英文月刊——American Essence以及Radiant Life—— 的獨家內容，並同樣以雙語呈現，我們期許在未來為每一位讀者，帶來 優質且更為多元的閱讀體驗。

PUBLISHER Dana Chang

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Jennifer Margulis Ashley Turner Deena Bouknight Jeff Perkin Annie Wu Ann Lin Pete McGrain CiCi Li Chris Valdes

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EDITOR'S PICK

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VERY PERI, VERY LIVELY 8

長春花藍

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By Faithe Lo “Very peri,” Pantone’s color of the year, is a vivid and vibrant color based on periwinkle blue plus a hint of violet red.

According to Pantone, “This happiest and warmest of all the blue hues introduces an empowering mix of newness.”

Adorn your daily life with items in very peri, bringing out the confidence and audacity to embrace the endless possibilities in you.

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ELITE HEALTH

WHAT DOESN’T KILL YOU MAKES YOU STRONGER 禍福相依——病毒的兩面性

By Jennifer Margulis

THIS ARTICLE ORIGINALLY APPEARED IN RADIANT LIFE MAGAZINE.

G

etting sick is unquestionably dangerous for some. But what if infections are actually agents of healing?

That seems to be what happened to a British man who was suffering from swollen lymph nodes and unexplained weight loss. He was diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma, a cancer most common in people between the ages of 20 and 40, and those over 55. Then the ailing 61-year-old started wheezing and having difficulty breathing. He tested positive for COVID-19. His case was so severe that he was admitted to the hospital.

The lymphatic system is the part of the immune system that helps fight infections with white blood cells.

Think of white blood cells as soldiers, always alert and ready for a fight. They flow through the bloodstream to fight viruses, invasive bacteria, and anything else foreign that could threaten your health. White blood cells are made in bone marrow and stored in the blood and lymph tissues.

When you have cancer in your blood—including leukemia and lymphoma—it develops in the cells in your lymphatic system. Lymphoma is unchecked growth of abnormal white blood cells.

After 11 days in the hospital, the 61-year-old British man was well enough to go home. A follow-up scan for lymphoma uncovered something astonishing. Not only had he made a full recovery from SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, but there had also been a widespread and unexpected reduction in the cancer in his lymph nodes.

Without any cancer treatment at all, the disease was almost gone. The medical scans tell a visual story: Before he got a bad case of COVID-19, the cancer-affected areas were lit up like a birthday cake. After the severe infection, many of those areas disappeared completely.

Others were significantly reduced.

Many common illnesses provide crucial benefits for our immune system. Some can even cure other diseases.

生病對某些人來說確實是件危險的事，但您是否想過， 這些感染源可能是治癒的媒介？ 一名 61 歲的英國男士出現淋巴結腫大症狀，且體 重 莫名減 輕，隨後 他被 診 斷出霍奇 金淋巴癌，這是 一 種常見於 20~40 歲以及 55 歲以上人士的癌症。這名 男士，後來因確診新冠肺炎，出現喘息及呼吸困難的症 狀，因症狀嚴重而送醫。 │7

His doctors, who wrote up his case in an article published in January in the peer-reviewed journal Images in Haematology, argue that the severe COVID-19 infection may have had an “anti-tumor” effect.

“There have been many documented cases of people with cancer who have then gotten a viral or bacterial infection and their cancer goes away,” says Laura Orlando, who’s been teaching classes on environmental health for almost 20 years and was not involved in the study.

“The presumption is that the immune system gets revved up in a manner that addresses the cancer,” says Orlando, an adjunct professor at Boston University’s School of Public Health as well as the executive director of the Boston-based Resource Institute for Low Entropy Systems, a nonprofit that works at the intersection of human health and the environment.

淋巴系統是免疫系統的其中一環，透過白血球打擊 感染源。白血球生長於骨髓，儲存於血液以及淋巴組織 中。我們將白血球視為戰士，它們時刻警覺且處於備戰 狀態，透過血液循環系統前往感染處，對抗病毒、具侵 略性的細菌，以及抵禦所有來自體外的威脅。當您血液 中有癌細胞（ 包含白血病以及淋巴癌），它會在淋巴系 統的細胞內持續生長，而淋巴癌就是病變的白血球不受 控地增生。 這位 61 歲的英國男士在醫院就診 11 天後，復原情 況良好，已可辦理出院。出院前的掃描檢查發現了一項 驚人的事實——他不僅完全擺脫了肺炎症狀，其淋巴結 內的癌細胞也大幅減少。 在沒有接受任何癌症治療的情況下，他卻能有此痊 癒跡象。透過醫學影像，可以看見他確診新冠前，受癌 細胞影響的部位十分顯眼，但在病毒感染後，特定部位 遍布的癌細胞幾乎消失，其他部分都有明顯減少。該臨 床案例的主治醫生，撰文將此病例刊登於去年（2021） 一月的血液影像科的醫學專欄上，旨在探討新冠重症感 染可能具有「 抗瘤」效果。

BENEFITS OF VIRAL INFECTIONS At first glance, it would seem almost impossible for there to be any benefit in getting COVID-19. Especially terrifying to many is the idea of becoming a “long-hauler.” “Long COVID” refers to people who continue to feel sick for months after any measurable sign of the infection is gone. Long-haulers test negative but don’t feel well.

Anthony Komaroff, M.D., editor of the Harvard Health Letter, estimates that tens of thousands of people are suffering from long COVID. A recent study in Nature confirms that COVID-19 long-haulers are at increased risk of death and other poorhealth outcomes (including lung problems, heart issues, gastrointestinal upset, anxiety, and fatigue) compared to people who never had COVID-19.

How is it possible that having COVID-19 may have the unexpected benefit of waking up the immune system to fight back against cancer?

Evidence in the scientific literature shows that there can be myriad unexpected benefits to getting sick. We’ve known since 1966 that women who’ve had mumps in childhood have much less risk of developing reproductive cancer later in life. In fact, at least eight studies have found that getting mumps is protective against ovarian cancer. One theory for why this is so is that an acute inflammatory event, like mumps, prompts the body to create antibodies that can later recognize and clear cancer cells.

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在環 境醫 學 領域從事 教學工作 有近 20 年經 歷的 Laura Orlando 女士表示： 「 有很多臨床案例顯示，癌 症患者因為 病毒感染或細 菌感染後，癌 症 反而因此消 失。」她表明： 「 這項假設在於免疫系統會受到活化來對 抗癌細胞。」Orlando 女士在波士頓大學公共衛生學系 擔任客座教授，同時也是低熵系統研究機構（Resource Institute for Low Entropy Systems）的 執行長，該 非營利組織長期致力於研究環境與人體健康影響。 感染病毒，焉知非福？ 乍看之下，染上新冠肺炎一點好處也沒有，過去這段時 間，我們因此陷入恐慌，尤其是面對令人唯恐避之不及 的新冠後遺症（ 長期症狀），也就是在染疫後數月，儘 管檢測顯示已呈陰性，但卻長期處於相關病徵狀態下。 《Harvard Health Letter》編 輯Anthony Komaroff 醫學博士預估，有數以萬計的人們患有長期症狀，近期 一項刊登於《自然》科 學期刊的研究證實，這一類人死 亡風險增高還有伴隨眾多不良後遺症（ 如肺病、心臟疾 病、腸胃問題、焦慮與疲勞等問題）。既如此，患病何以 能夠帶來「 好處 」？ 過去有許多科學文獻指出，生病會帶來許多意想不 到的益處。舉 例來說，1966 年起，那些曾 在幼年時期 患過腮腺炎的女性，在晚年患上卵巢癌的機率明顯低於 一般未患病女性。一項理論解釋這背後的原因在於，腮 腺炎引起的急性發炎反應導致身體產生抗體，讓身體免 疫系統能夠盡早認出早期生成的癌細胞，杜絕後患。 根 據 2015 年日本 發 表 的 一項 研 究 報 告 顯 示，幼 年時患上麻疹與腮腺炎的人，死於心血管疾病的比例較 低。這項報告調查的數據來自十萬名 40~79 歲的男性

ILLUSTRATION BY LINDA ZHAO

While many drugs promise relief from the symptoms of illness, those symptoms are often our immune system at work.

According to a Japanese study published in 2015, measles and mumps infections in childhood reduce the risk of death from cardiovascular disease. Surveying more than 100,000 men and women ages 40 to 79, researchers from Osaka University found that getting measles or mumps was associated with a decreased risk of death from heart disease. People who had both illnesses in childhood had the lowest risk.

“Homeopaths have long argued for childhood illnesses to be left alone because they have beneficial effects,” says Annette Fang, who has a doctorate in analytical chemistry. Fang studied homeopathy for three years and uses remedies to help her children and husband (also a chemist) when they get sick. “In the end, these diseases—even the common cold—are detox reactions,” Fang says. “In homeopathy, we call a cold ‘the drain of the brain.’ It’s good for the brain and your whole system.”

與女性。大阪大學的研究員發現，麻疹與腮腺炎本身都 能有效地降低心血管疾病，換言之，曾在幼年患有上述 兩種病症者，而後出現心血管疾病的風險最低。 分析化學博士 Annette Fang 指出： 「 順勢療法一 直主張 對兒科 疾 病 隨其發展，因為這些疾 病有一定益 處。」方博士研究順勢療法已有三年，在她的孩子和丈夫 （ 同為化學家）生病時，給他們開過藥方。方博士表示： 「 歸根結底，所有疾病都是身體的排毒反應，包括最常 見的感冒。順勢療法將感冒稱作『 大腦排水 』，對大腦 和整個身體都有好處。」 人體天然防線——發燒的好處 發燒是患上麻疹、腮腺炎，或新冠病毒者最常見的病徵 之一。多數人的正常體溫處在華氏 97~99 度之間（ 約攝 氏 36~37 度），超 過華氏 100.4 度（ 攝氏 38 度）時， 就視 為發燒 反應。筆者最年幼的女兒發燒 時還老神 在 在，在全身發熱時，還會吵著要老爸帶她去公園玩滑板。 對多數人而言，發燒時的感覺很糟，輕度發燒不會給身 體帶來太大的不適感，但是重度發燒時，通常會伴隨著

BENEFITS OF FEVER Fever is a common symptom of illnesses like mumps, measles, and SARS-CoV-2. Most people normally

全身痠痛與嗜睡症狀。 其實，並非只有人類會在生病時發燒，魚類、兩棲 類、哺乳類也會發燒。研究顯示，無論是對動物或人類， │9

發燒 都會帶來益處。 2019 年，有一項報告指出，一個 中國科學團隊發現，發燒能增強人們的免疫系統。發燒 時會活化兩種特定分子：分別為 α4 整合素以及熱休克 蛋白 90（Hsp90），這些分子會幫助白血球從血管進入 淋巴結內，讓白血球和其他的免疫細胞合作在同一地點 對抗感染源。 科學家已發現，當我們退燒時，體內的感染反應加 劇。患有白血症的孩童可能會因為體溫較低而出現生命 危險，根據醫學博士 Paul Offit 在 《The Daily Beast》 撰文指出，透過退燒藥來降溫，反而會延長流感、感冒 以及水痘等病症的持續期。 發燒除了對個體有幫助，對群體而言，其實也是一 種自然的防禦機制。因為當我們發燒時，我們自然不想 與他人接觸，會想多休息，這種自我隔離意識，是發燒 帶給我們的訊號，不僅有助於我們自我修復，也會讓我 們自然地遠離他人，避免他人感染。 Some childhood viruses may be preparing our bodies to resist worse diseases later in life.

病毒若不致命 還有正面效應 關於新冠肺炎病毒或其他病毒等，我們普遍還有一項疑 問在於，有些人會出現嚴重症狀，有些人卻只有輕微病 徵並能迅速復原，或甚至毫無症狀。我們希望自身的免 疫系統能被喚醒，抵禦這些外來攻擊，同時我們也不希

have a body temperature between 97 and 99 degrees, so anything higher than 100.4 is considered a fever.

My youngest daughter maintains a chipper attitude even when she has a fever, even asking her dad to take her to the skate park one afternoon even though she was burning up. For most, a fever feels awful. A low-grade fever may not make you feel very sick, but a higher fever is often accompanied by whole-body aches and lethargy. When you or a loved one is burning with fever, it’s hard to imagine there’s anything beneficial about it. But it’s not just humans that experience fevers when they’re sick. Fish, reptiles, and mammals (rabbits and dogs, for example) get fevers as well.

Studies of both animals and humans have found that fever has beneficial effects. In a 2019 study, a team of Chinese scientists found that fever helped strengthen the immune system. Fever appeared to boost two specific molecules: alpha-4 integrin and heat-shock protein 90. These molecules help white blood cells get from blood vessels into the lymph nodes where they can team up with other immune cells to attack infections.

Scientists have found that when we reduce fevers, infections get worse. Children with sepsis are more likely to die if their temperatures are lower. According 10│

望免疫系統過度反應，如出現「 免疫風暴」（Cytokine Storm，細胞激素風暴），以致於傷害到本體。 其實我們不需要格外的懼怕某一種特定的病毒或 疾病，問題在於因為病毒感染後而出現的重症狀態。醫 學博士 Martha Herbert 表示： 「 面對挑戰 時，我們具 備什麼樣的復原力，才是最要緊的。」

Becoming ill is not the problem, the concern is suffering longlasting health problems or dying from infection.

PHOTOS BY SHUTTERSTOCK

to Paul Offit, M.D., writing in The Daily Beast, reducing fever via anti-pyretic medication has also been found to prolong symptoms of influenza, the common cold, and chickenpox.

Beyond helping the individual who’s feeling sick, fever may also be nature’s way of protecting the herd.

When most of us have a fever, we don’t want to be around others. We want to be in bed, resting or sleeping. This self-imposed isolation, courtesy of the fever, not only helps us heal, but it also keeps us away from other people, which helps them avoid getting sick.

IF IT DOESN'T KILL YOU ...

One of the questions we haven’t been asking is why some people get so sick from COVID-19 (or any other viral illness) but others remain asymptomatic or have mild symptoms that quickly resolve. We want our immune system to be awake, and our bodies to fight off what's harmful, but we don’t want our immune system to overreact and harm us, as happens during a cytokine storm. We also don’t want to attack our own cells and tissues, as an over-active immune system with nothing to fight against creates autoimmune diseases.

It’s not this virus in particular, or illness in general, that we need to fear. The problem comes when we have a severe reaction to the virus. “How resilient you are in the face of challenges is what matters most,” says Martha Herbert, Ph.D., M.D. Herbert, 69, retired recently from Harvard Medical School, where she was on the faculty of the Department of Neurology for 20 years. “Our bodies are capable of handling a whole range of challenges, and we have the power to upgrade how well we handle them, but people aren’t taught that,” she says.

In other words, getting sick isn’t the problem. The real concern is suffering long-lasting health problems or dying from infection.

“Being sick is usually showing you something isn’t tuned properly, either in your lifestyle or in your environment,” Herbert says. She argues that illness can be a transformative experience, one that helps you get out of your ruts. “It should alert you to go into Sherlock Holmes mode of what you should improve, not in a scared or fanatical way, but in an informed way.”

So what information do you need for your body to be resilient to infections, toxic exposures, and catastrophic diseases like cancer? Herbert says we build

We want our immune systems to be awake, and our bodies to fight off what’s harmful, but we don’t want our immune system to overreact and harm us.

resilience by eating nutrient-dense food, reducing our stress levels, exercising, and taking better care of ourselves. Regenerating soil that’s been depleted of nutrients because of industrial farming practices is important too. Herbert says that by eating well and avoiding toxic exposures (which include stress), we help our bodies marshal the biological resources that allow us to heal.

69 歲的 Herbert 博士前陣子從哈佛醫學院退休， 她在神經學 部門就職長達 20 年，她說： 「 我們人體具 備面對各種挑戰的能耐，也有能力來提升應變力，但是 人們卻未被告知這件事。」也就是說，生病本身並非是 個問題，關鍵在於長期的健康問題，以及因感染而致死。 Herbert 博士說，「 生病通常只是展現身體不和諧 的調節狀態，無論是針對你的日常生活狀態或你生活的 環境。」她認為生病是一種改造的機會，會幫助你排除 體內的劣勢，「 它（ 生病）提醒你用『 福爾摩斯』的方式 查漏補缺，無需畏首畏尾，也不要陷入偏執，而應隨其 自然。」 所以我們到底需要哪些資訊，來幫助我們具備修復 能力以對抗感染、暴露於有毒環境，又或者是面對像癌 症 這般 嚴 重的 病症？ Herbert 博士認為，我們 可以 透 過攝取高營養食品，減少日常壓力，規律運動等方式來 照護健康。此外，健康土壤的再生工程也尤其重要。只 要人們能吃得好，減少毒素攝入（ 壓力也是其中一種形 式），都對我們人體復原力大有助益。 │11

ELITE HEALTH

The Health Benefits of Nature 親近自然 沐浴心靈

By Ashley Turner

While there are blessings to living in our modern world, we would be wise to remember our roots are in the natural world.

I

t’s long been known, especially among natural health enthusiasts, that connecting with nature has a profound impact on health and well-being.

Unfortunately, many aspects of our modern world take us further from nature, with detrimental consequences to our overall health. Working long hours indoors, eating convenience foods, constantly using technology, and absorbing environmental toxins all come to mind.

While there are blessings to living in our modern world, we would be wise to remember our roots are in the natural world.

眾所周知，親近大自然能讓我們身心受益，但便捷的現 代生活讓我們遠離了自然：我們呼吸著汙濁的空氣，長 期伏案工作、吃快餐、玩手機⋯⋯在城市的塵囂裡，我 們不應該忘記，大自然孕育、撫養了人類，我們的生命本 源仍根植於這廣袤的自然裡。

大自然是心靈的良方 大自然能治癒心靈，在戶外待的時間越久越好。研究表 明，即使只花5分鐘接觸大自然，也會從中受益。 在《如何培養孩子的野性》一書中，Scott Sampson 博士總結道： 「 在戶外活動不僅能強身健體，還能益人 神智、淨化心靈，大自然能幫助我們接納自己，培養基

THIS ARTICLE ORIGINALLY APPEARED IN RADIANT LIFE MAGAZINE.

NATURE AS THERAPY

Nature is highly therapeutic. While it’s preferred to spend as much time as possible in nature, research shows that even just five minutes can be beneficial.

In How to Raise a Wild Child, Scott Sampson, Ph.D., the paleontologist and science communicator who hosted the PBS Kids hit Dinosaur Train, summarizes the importance of our time in nature.

“Nature’s impact extends far beyond physical fitness, encompassing intellectual and emotional health, self-identity, and basic values and morals.”

He notes that time in nature can enhance healing, reduce stress, increase creativity, and improve self-esteem.

“Nature also has an unparalleled capacity to stir our emotions, fostering raw and powerful feelings of wonder, awe, mystery, joy—and, yes, fear. Smelling a wildflower in an alpine meadow, sprinting into the ocean surf, and sharing a face-to-face encounter with a coyote are all experiences that differ mightily from virtual alternatives.”

本的價值觀。」Sampson 博士是一位古生物學家兼科 技傳播學者，曾主持 PBS 熱門兒童節目 《恐龍列車》。 他指出，置身大自然能撫慰身心、緩解壓力、刺激創造 力、提升自尊心。大自然的力量是無與倫比的，她能刺 激我們的感官，帶我們體驗奇妙、驚歎、神祕、愉快、恐 懼等感覺。高山草甸上野花的香味，在海浪中穿梭，和 郊狼面面相覷⋯⋯這些獨一無二的體驗，可能與虛擬世 界帶給我們的感受，大相逕庭。

Research-Backed Health Benefits of Nature 研究表明，大自然能帶來如下好處：

• • • • • • • •

Reduces stress 減輕壓力 Boosts mood 改善情緒 Supports the immune system 增強免疫力 Lowers blood pressure 降低血壓 Increases focus 提升專注力 Accelerates healing 加速傷口癒合 Increases energy 保持精力充沛 Improves sleep 改善睡眠品質

│13

Earthing is a simple, readily available therapy to gain energy “nutrition” from the surface of the earth.

該怎麼做？ 接地 接地是指讓肌膚直接接觸大地，連上大地電流。就像你 家裡有一根銅線埋在地下、連接電力系統一樣，我們也 可以通過親身接觸大地，釋放多餘的電子。科學研究表 明，光腳站在地上，能緩解壓力、改善睡眠、減少炎症、 促進皮質醇正常分泌。我們的自律神經由兩種神經系統 交替支配：交感神經會讓我們處於興奮狀態，也被稱為

THINGS YOU SHOULD DO

EARTHING Earthing, or grounding, means having your skin in direct contact with the ground, connecting with the electrical currents coming from the ground. Much like how a house will have a copper cable dug into the earth to ground the electrical system, humans can also discharge any excess electrons by physical contact with the earth. This is usually done by coming into contact with the earth with bare feet.

Research suggests that the benefits of grounding include decreased stress, improved sleep, reduced inflammation, normalization of the cortisol circadian rhythm, and a shift of the autonomic nervous system from the sympathetic (responsible for fight and flight) toward the parasympathetic (responsible for rest and digestion). Grounding has also been shown to increase heart-rate variability, accelerate wound healing, improve blood viscosity, and reduce pain. This is a new area of research, and I would suggest that there are far more benefits than have been studied or quantified. Earthing is a simple, readily available therapy to gain energy “nutrition” from the surface of the earth.

How to Do It • Remove

footwear and stand or walk barefoot. that dirt, grass, rocks, and concrete are all conductive to the earth’s electrical currents.

• Visit a barefoot-friendly beach.

• Plant a garden and go barefoot while tending it.

• While earthing, include other healing practices such as mindfulness meditation, prayer, or deep breathing.

• Recognize

14│

「 戰鬥與逃跑的神經 」。副交感神經恰恰相反，在我們 休息時發揮作用，促進消化，而接觸地面能讓我們轉向 後者，身心歸於平靜。研究證實，接觸地面能提高心率 變異性，加速傷口癒合，改善血液黏稠度，減輕疼痛。「 接 地 」對於科學家而言，仍然是一個陌生的領域，它的更 多益處還有待發掘。 接地療法十分簡單，能讓我們吸收大地的「 養分」。 以下介紹其方法： 接地療法： • 脫掉鞋襪，光腳站著或行走 • 泥土、草地、石頭和混凝土都是大地電流的傳導物 • 度假時赤腳在海灘散步 • 光著腳打理花園 • 赤腳行走時正念冥想、祈禱或深呼吸

HELIOTHERAPY Natural light is a nutrient that the body needs because of its ability to energize cells. In fact, there are over 8,000 research articles documenting the health benefits of light. Through a process called photobiomodulation, light imparts change at the cellular level.

Perhaps the most effective, and certainly the most readily available light source is the sun.

Sunlight is particularly helpful in powering the body’s natural vitamin D production. Vitamin D is a hormone created when the skin absorbs sunlight. Beyond numerous health benefits, it's protective against chronic illness and autoimmune disease. It's also essential for an effective immune response.

日光浴療法 人體需要自然光，為細胞提供能量。超 過 8,000 篇學 術論文都論證了光照對人體健康的益處。在光生物調節 （PhotoBioModulation，PBM）過 程中，我們 的 細 胞 也會產生變化。對於人來說，太陽是最有效、最容易獲 得的光源。曬太陽能促進身體產生天然的維生素 D，預 防慢性疾病及自身免疫性疾病，提升免疫力。 怎麼曬太陽？

10 點到下午 3 點之間，每天直曬 15 分鐘 • 曬太陽時穿得少一些，效果更佳 • 使用友善海洋的防曬霜（ 有些防曬品的有效成分， 會對海洋生物造成危害 ） • 若長時間曝曬，請穿防曬服 • 在早上

How to Do It • Work

up to 15 minutes of daily, unhindered sun

exposure between 10 a.m. and 3 p.m.

• Expose • Avoid

as much skin as possible for optimal benefit.

toxic sunscreens (many are especially toxic

for aquatic life).

• Use

protective clothing for prolonged sun exposure. │15

THINGS YOU SHOULD BE CAREFUL ABOUT

AIR It is estimated that people spend 90 percent of their time indoors, where the air quality is often two to five times more toxic than outside. Indoor air contaminants can include ozone, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), pathogens, mycotoxins from mold, and particulate matter from chemicals, heavy metals, acids, and dust. Paint, plastics, flooring, furniture fabric, cleaning supplies, and more contribute to this toxic load. Implementing the strategies below can reduce the toxins you are exposed to in the air you breathe.

留心事項 空氣 我們 90% 的時間都待在室內，而室內空氣的汙染程度， 往往比室外高二到五倍。室內空氣的汙染物包括：臭氧、 揮發性有機化合物（VOCs）、病原體、霉菌毒素，以及 化學品、重金屬、酸和灰塵產生的微粒物質等。油漆、 塑膠、地板、家具棉料、清潔用具等，也可能帶來有毒 物質。以下小貼士可以幫助減少室內空氣的毒素。 空氣清淨貼士 • 到室外呼吸新鮮空氣 • 天氣好的時候，開窗通風透氣 • 種植植物，淨化空氣 • 使用淨化空氣的精油，如檸檬、薰衣草、橙子、

How to Do It • Spend

time outside breathing fresh air.

檸檬草或者白千層 • 用無毒的蜂蠟替代石蠟

• Open

windows when the weather to circulate the air.

• 不使用化學成分的清潔產品

• Keep

houseplants to naturally cleanse the air.

• 安裝空氣清淨器

• Diffuse

air-purifying essential oils such as lemon,

lavender, orange, lemongrass, or melaleuca.

• Burn

nontoxic beeswax candles instead of paraffin.

• Avoid

toxic cleaning products.

• Install

an air purifier in your home.

• Avoid

smoking and secondhand smoke.

• Properly

clean and remediate water damage to

avoid mold exposure.

• Choose

16│

“no-VOC” products, such as paint.

• 不吸菸，也不吸二手菸 • 擦乾水漬，避免長霉 • 購買不含

VOCs 的產品

WATER There's nothing more foundational to health than clean water. Although the United States has a relatively clean water supply compared to many parts of the world, there's still cause for concern with public water.

The Environmental Working Group (EWG) tested 48,712 water utilities in 50 states and found 267 contaminants in public water supplies. Some of the problematic toxins found were heavy metals (including lead and arsenic), pesticides, fluoride, chemical fertilizers, VOCs, medications, and radiological contaminants.

These toxins have been linked to an increased risk of cancer, brain and nervous system damage, developmental harm in children or fetuses, fertility problems, and hormone dysfunction. Infants, children, pregnant women, the elderly, and those with compromised immune systems are the most susceptible to these harmful toxins. Making sure you have clean water can significantly reduce your exposure to environmental toxins.

How to Do It • Drink

at least half of your body weight in ounces of

clean, filtered water per day.

• Consider

other sources of hydration such as bone

broth, water kefir, herbal tea, and fruits and vegetables.

• When

on the go, bring a glass or stainless steel water

水

bottle with you to ensure you have quality water and

乾淨的水源對人體健康至關重要。儘管美國的水源比其

to help keep track of your water intake.

他許多國家都乾淨，公共用水還存在一些問題。環境工

• Consider

a quality whole-house water filter for

drinking, cooking, and bathing.

作組織（EWG）曾在各州檢測了 48,712 個公共供水設 施，發現了 267 種汙染物，如重金屬（ 鉛和砷）、殺蟲

• Avoid

tap water as much as possible.

劑、氟化物、化肥、揮發性有機化合物、各種藥物及放

• Avoid

plastic water bottles.

射性汙染物。這些毒素可能會致癌、損傷大腦及神經系

• Choose

mineral water in recyclable glass bottles

when purchasing water on the go.

統、影響兒童和胎兒生長發育、造成不孕和激素功能紊 亂等。兒童、孕婦、老人及免疫系統受損的人群，最可 能受到水中毒素的影響，因此，保證乾淨的水源可以大 大減少環境毒素。 淨水小貼士 • 每天飲水量應至少是人體體重的一半，請飲用清潔的

過濾水 • 食用大骨湯、發酵乳、茶水、水果和蔬菜來補充水分 • 隨身攜帶玻璃杯或不鏽鋼水杯，以便隨時飲用乾淨水，

並記錄飲水量 • 在家中使用全屋淨水器，用於飲用、烹飪和洗澡 • 盡量少飲用自來水 • 不用塑膠水瓶 • 外出購買水時，選擇可回收玻璃瓶裝的礦泉水

│17

Vase of Flowers, 1607, by Jan Davidsz de Heem.

Oil on panel, 29.2 inches by 20.7 inches. Mauritshuis Museum, Netherlands. _PD-US

ELITE CULTURE

The Language of Flowers 芬芳密語 淺談花語的歷史

By Jennifer Schneider

THIS ARTICLE ORIGINALLY APPEARED IN RADIANT LIFE MAGAZINE.

F

loriography, also called the language of flowers, has been a means of cryptological communication for centuries. Through arrangements of specific flowers, coded messages could be delivered to recipients. In addition, plants have traditionally represented metaphors for virtue or vice.

The origins of plant symbolism can be attributed to the literature of antiquity, religious writings, and the documented study of medieval herbology. The Bible includes many instances where trees, fruits, or flowers lend themselves to sacred allegories.

Many devout writers and artists from the medieval period through the Renaissance used floriography as a means to explain and interpret religious beliefs.

The seventh-century English Benedictine monk Bede the Venerable likened the Virgin Mary to the lily by describing “the white petals signifying [her] bodily purity, the golden anthers the glowing light of her soul.” Thus, the lily flower has become a symbol of purity and humility.

The use of botanical imagery flourished in the 15th and 16th centuries as many artists became interested in illustrating objects from nature with greater realism.

Prior to the 17th century, flowers were primarily symbolic decorations in service of the main subject. To provide more depth and context to a painting, a plant would either give clues to the identity of the subject or offer a moral description of the subject.

Ludger tom Ring the Younger, a 16th-century German portrait painter, created a pair of flower paintings that have been regarded as the first independent flower pieces. The inscriptions on both vases read, "God is the word, in the plants (in herbis), and in the stones."

Ambrosius Bosschaert the Elder was the first great Dutch painter of botany, and the head of a family of artists. He started a tradition of floral painting that influenced a generation of fruit-and-flower painters in the Netherlands.

Bosschaert and other Dutch painters often referred to herbals and other botanical texts when composing floral arrangements. These bouquets typically combined flowers from different countries and continents in one vase, arrangements that were quite popular with patrons and nobility across Europe.

The theme that predominated this period of Dutch still life is that of the vanitas. A vanitas is an artwork that symbolizes the impermanence of life relieved by the prospect of salvation and resurrection. Flowers became the ideal symbol of transience and impermanence.

幾個世紀以來，人們都曾用花語為通信加密，精心搭配 的花束成為了人們傳達情意的美好信使。隨著時代變 遷，花卉便包含了或善或惡的隱喻。 植物象徵主義的起源可追溯至中世紀的草藥學、文 學及宗教著作，《聖經》也為多種樹木、水果和花卉賦予 了神聖的含義。從中世紀到文藝復興時期，許多篤信宗 教的作家和藝術家都曾借花語詮釋他們虔誠的信仰。 西 元 7 世 紀 的 英 國 本 篤 會 會 士 費 德（Bede the Venerable）曾將聖母瑪利亞比作百合花：「 潔白的花 瓣象徵她純淨的身體，金燦燦的花葯代表她靈魂的光 輝。」由此，百合花成了純潔無瑕、謙遜淡雅的象徵。 15 至 16 世紀，西方畫壇盛行現實主義繪畫，藝術家 們逐漸將植物代表的意象固定下來，發揚光大。17 世紀 前，花朵在畫作中通常作為點綴，拋磚引玉、昇華主題、 表達主體的道德內涵。16 世紀的德國肖像畫家小路德格 爾 . 湯姆 . 凌（Ludger tom Ring the Younger）創作的 兩幅花卉畫，開創了這一類別的先河。畫中兩個花瓶上都 寫著： 「 神言蘊藏在草木與石頭中。」 大安布羅修斯 · 博斯查爾特（Ambrosius Bosschaert the Elder）是荷蘭首位植物派畫家，專門從事靜物、花卉 的繪畫創作，他的家族中繪畫人才輩出。他的風格對荷蘭 花卉繪畫流派具有深遠影響。

A Vase with White Lilies and A Vase with Reddish-Brown and Yellow Irises, 1562, by Ludger tom Ring the Younger. Oil on oak wood.

Westphalian State Museum of Art and Cultural History, Münster, Germany. _PD-US │19

Some of the most commonly represented flowers in Dutch vanitas works include carnations, tulips, irises, sweetbriar roses, and poppies.

The carnation's genus, Dianthus, comes from the Greek words meaning "Flower of Zeus." Red carnations often symbolize divine or earthly love.

The iris flower's name originates from pre-Christian mythology. Iris was the goddess of the rainbow and a messenger for the gods. Over the centuries, iris flowers found their way into Christianity and came to symbolize divine messages, faith, and hope.

The poppy is a symbol of eternal sleep, while the tulip symbolizes the sanctifying grace of the Holy Ghost and divine love.

Since the sweetbriar rose has five petals, it represents the Passion of Christ and the act of suffering to save man from punishment for earthly sins.

Dutch vanitas works have other common elements within their floral arrangements such as the symbolic use of insects and fruits. The caterpillar symbolizes man's existence on earth, while the butterfly represents the soul. The representation of a nest full of eggs is also an ancient symbol for the resurrection of a soul.

Flower Glossary Below is a list of flower sentiments from Kate Greenaway’s Language of Flowers 以下選自凱特· 格林納威的《花之語》 Apple Blossom: Preference; Fame

speaks him great and good 蘋果花：偏愛、聲名遠揚 Azalea: Temperance 杜鵑花：克己、節制

Chrysanthemum, Chinese: Cheerfulness 中國菊花：逆境中的樂觀

Butterfly Weed: Let me go 蝴蝶草：釋懷

Chrysanthemum, Red: I love 紅色菊花：我愛

Camellia, Red: Unpretending

Chrysanthemum, White: Truth 白色菊花：真理

紅色山茶花：質樸而卓越 Camellia, White: Perfected loveliness 白色山茶花：完美的魅力

20│

Carnation, Yellow: Disdain 黃色康乃馨：不屑一顧

Bluebell: Constancy 風鈴草：堅貞

excellence

The Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum, Heliotrope, Dahlia) from Flora’s Gems, illustrated by James Andrews.

Carnation, Striped: Refusal 條紋色康乃馨：拒絕

Chamomile: Energy in adversity 洋甘菊：逆境中的光芒 Carnation, Deep Red: Alas! for my

poor heart 深紅色康乃馨：哎！我可憐的心靈

under adversity

Chrysanthemum, Yellow: Slighted love 黃色菊花：流逝的愛 Dahlia: Instability 大麗花：變化無常 Daisy: Innocence 雛菊：天真爛漫 Forget Me Not: True love; Forget me not 勿忘草屬：真愛、勿忘我

The fly also makes a frequent appearance in Dutch vanitas depictions of sin. Flies carry plagues and diseases, therefore they are regarded as symbols of retribution and evil. The spider represents man's fragility, and the lizard embodies the process of decomposition, awaiting the end of man's bodily existence.

The golden age of Dutch flower still lifes has been a constant source of inspiration for contemporary culture—particularly flower arranging. Several centuries after these artworks were completed, the paintings still offer guidance for new directions in floral design.

The annual Springfield Festival of Flowers was held the second weekend in April, 2021. This year's participants showcased arrangements based upon their ref lections from 2020. Heather Sullivan, owner of Durocher Florist, created a "wave of flowers" to represent the wave of emotions she experienced during the

博斯查爾特和一眾荷蘭畫家在構圖花卉畫時，經常 參考草藥學及植物學文本，畫中將各大陸、各國家的花 朵擺放在一個花瓶中，這一設計廣受歐洲貴族階層歡迎。 這 一 時 期 荷 蘭 靜 物 畫 的 主 題 被 稱 作「 瓦 妮 塔 」 （Vanitas，虛空派 ）。瓦妮塔是一種藝術品，諭示著命 運無常，相信救贖與復活能讓靈魂得以解脫。花卉也由 此成為了世事無定、人生朝露的象徵。瓦妮塔系列中常 見的花卉包括康乃馨、鬱金香、鳶尾花、薔薇和罌粟花。 康乃馨是石竹花的一種，在希臘語中的意思是「 宙 斯之花 」。紅色康乃馨明豔動人，象徵著神愛或人間的 關懷。 鳶尾花的名字起源於西元前的神話傳說——彩虹女 神鳶尾是眾神的信使。經過幾個世紀的沉澱，鳶尾花在 基督教的地位逐漸發展，象徵著神訓、信仰與希望。罌 粟花則象徵著永眠，而鬱金香代表著聖靈的恩典與神聖 的愛。薔薇的五片花瓣，代表著耶穌為救贖人類免受塵 世業報，而遭受的苦難。 荷蘭瓦妮塔系列在花朵擺放上有共通之處，如加 上水果和昆蟲作為點綴。毛毛蟲象徵著人類在世界的存 在，蝴蝶代表人的靈魂，滿滿的一籃雞蛋則是一個古老

Vase of Flowers, 1722, by Jan van Huysum. Oil on panel, 31.6 inches by 24 inches. J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles. _PD-US

的隱喻，寓意靈魂的復活。 我們也可以在許多瓦妮塔畫作中看到蒼蠅，它在荷 蘭畫派中代表罪惡。蒼蠅會帶來瘟疫和疾病，因此是報

Foxglove: Insincerity 毛地黃：偽善

Hydrangea: A boaster; Heartlessness

Jasmine: Amiability 茉莉：和藹可親

Fuchsia: Taste 倒掛金鐘：品味

繡球花：誇誇其談、無情無義

Jonquil: I desire a return of affection 黃水仙：渴望被愛

Geranium, Dark: Melancholy 深色天竺葵：憂鬱 Geranium, Ivy: Bridal favor 常青天竺葵：新娘的青睞

Iris: Message 鳶尾花：信使 Ivy: Fidelity; Marriage 常春藤：忠誠的婚姻

Lemon Blossom: Fidelity in love 檸檬花：堅貞不渝的愛 Lilac, Purple: First emotions of love 紫丁香：青澀的愛

Geranium, Oak-Leaved: True friendship 橡樹葉天竺葵：真摯的友誼

Lilac, White: Youthful innocence 白丁香：年少無知的純真

Geranium, Wild: Steadfast piety 野生天竺葵：矢志不渝

Lily, Day: Coquetry 百合花：賣弄風情

Hibiscus: Delicate beauty 木槿：精緻之美

Lily, White: Purity; Sweetness 白百合：純潔甜美

Honeysuckle: Generous and devoted

Lily of the Valley: Return of happiness 山谷的百合：回歸幸福

affection 金銀花：慷慨忠誠的感情

Lotus: Eloquence; Estranged love 蓮花：雄辯、疏離的愛

Hortensia: You are cold 梔子花：你很冷漠 Hyacinth: Sport; Game; Play 風信子：運動、遊戲、玩耍 Hyacinth, White: Unobtrusive loveliness 白色風信子：低調的迷人

Magnolia: Love of nature 玉蘭：熱愛大自然 The Naming of the Iris (Iris Ranunculus, Hyacinth, Heath), Flora’s Gems.

Marigold: Grief 金盞花：哀傷

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The Holy Family Surrounded by a Garland of Roses, by Daniel Seghers, oil on canvas, 37.4 in by 25.4 in. _PD-US

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pandemic and the challenges she faced while operating her company during lockdown. She said her wave came crashing down in December when her father passed.

Delphinium is one of the main f lowers Heather selected for her floral arrangement. The delphinium flower represents the ability to strive and achieve goals.

It can also symbolize change in opportunities and the openness to new feelings and emotions.

"My piece is a dedication to my father," Heather wrote. "He always helped me realize and achieve any goal I set for myself. The biggest one was owning and successfully running my own flower shop. Losing him certainly brought on new feelings and emotions I have never felt before. But knowing how proud he was of me has helped me move forward during all of the sadness of 2020 and uncertainty during the pandemic."

Whether we use f lowers to express our inner thoughts for recipients or to document the beauty of divinity in nature, flowers have the power to speak to us. Flowers can inspire hope and bring solace, joy, and quiet reflections.

應和邪惡的化身。蜘蛛象徵著人類的脆弱，蜥蜴代表人 在死亡後，肉身終會分解腐爛。 荷蘭花卉靜物派的黃金時期，仍為當代文化帶來源 源不斷的靈感，尤其在插花方面。幾百年後，這些畫作 仍為花藝設計的發展方向提供指導與借鑑。 去年（2021），一年一度的春田花卉節於 4 月的第 二個週末舉行，與會者據自己往年的反思與沉澱進行了 花卉設計。迪羅謝花卉的老闆希瑟 · 蘇利文展出的花卉 名為「 花浪 」，詮釋了她在疫情期間的情緒起伏，及封 城令下經營花店的重重挑戰。她表示，去年 12 月她父親 離世後，「 花浪 」急轉直下。 蘇利文採用的花卉主要是飛燕草，象徵著堅持不 懈、實現目標的毅力，也代表著機遇轉變、擁抱未知的 豁達。蘇利文寫道：「 我謹將『 花浪 』獻給我的父親，他 總是幫助我實現自己設定的任何目標。我最大的理想之 一是成功經營屬於自己的花店。他離世後，許多我從未 體會過的情感一湧而出，但每每想到他多麼為我驕傲， 我又有了在疫情中面對悲傷和未知繼續前行的勇氣！」 在我們贈人花朵、表達真心時，在我們借花朵記錄 大自然的神性時，花朵也在與我們對話，為我們帶來希 望、撫慰傷痕、重歸平靜。

Morning Glory: Affectation 牽牛花：矯柔造作

Rose, Deep Red: Bashful shame 深紅色玫瑰：臉紅的害羞

Violet, Blue: Faithfulness 藍色紫羅蘭：專一

Orange Blossom: Your purity equals

Rose, White: I am worthy of you 白玫瑰：我足以與你相配

Violet, Yellow: Rural happiness 黃色紫羅蘭：田園之樂、純樸

橙子花：純潔又可愛

Rose, White (Withered): Transient

Orchid: A belle 蘭花：美麗

impressions

Water Lily: Purity of heart 睡蓮：純潔心靈

Pansy: Thoughts 三色堇：思念

Rose, White and Red Together: Unity 白玫瑰與紅玫瑰：結合

Peach Blossom: I am your captive 桃花：俘獲芳心

Rose, Yellow: Decrease of love;

Peony: Shame; Bashfulness 牡丹：羞澀

黃玫瑰：愛情逝去、嫉妒

your loveliness

Plum: Fidelity 梅花：忠誠 Poppy, Red: Consolation 紅色罌粟花：慰藉 Poppy, White: Sleep; My antidote 白色罌粟花：好眠、解藥 Ranunculus: You are radiant with

枯萎的白玫瑰：轉瞬即逝

Jealously Rosemary: Remembrance 迷迭香：紀念 Stock: Lasting beauty 紫羅蘭：永恆的美 Sunflower, Dwarf: Adoration 矮向日葵：愛慕 Sunflower, Tall: Haughtiness 高向日葵：傲慢、不遜

毛莨：魅力四射

Tulip, Red: Declaration of love 紅鬱金香：愛的宣言

Rose: Love 玫瑰：愛情

Tulip, Variegated: Beautiful eyes 斑駁鬱金香：魅力的雙眼

Rose, Crown or Garland: Reward of virtue 玫瑰花冠：讚賞美德

Tulip, Yellow: Hopeless love 黃鬱金香：愛而不得

charms

Witch Hazel: A spell 金縷梅：咒語

Poetic Fables—The Hyacinth (Blue Hyacinth, Tulip, White Camellia) , Flora’s Gems.

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ELITE GARDENING

DAHLIA DILEMMAS Maintaining these prolific, yet complex plants 嬌花養護指南：風情萬種的大麗花

By Deena Bouknight

T

he American Dahlia Society (ADS) currently recognizes 42 species of dahlias. Although dahlias grow better in some regions of the United State than in others, the plants are beloved by fervent gardeners and dabblers alike due to their range of forms and colors and their long blooming season.

Yet some aspects of dahlias will keep even the most ardent of green-thumbers from embracing them.

The Dirt Diaries author Lynn Hunt, who is also an accredited horticultural judge and consulting rosarian emeritus for the American Rose Society, decided to try her hand at dahlias six years ago when she moved from Maryland to Sapphire, North Carolina. “I discovered the head-turning beauty of dahlias,” Hunt said. “What a delicious addition to the landscape they are, with colors in every shade but blue, and blooms as small as a pincushion or as big as a dinner plate.”

Dahlias fill vases from late spring or early summer until fall, and are relatively easy to grow, Hunt said.

But when that first fall frost threatens, dahlia growers are faced with a dilemma: Should they dig up the tubers and store them, or take a chance and leave them in the ground?

Hunt said there are benefits and drawbacks to both methods. One year, she dug them up and stored them, and they shriveled, but she has known people who left dahlia tubers in the ground, only to have them freeze and die.

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大麗花富貴大方、種類繁多，光是受美國大麗花協會（ADS） 認證的就達42種。雖然大麗花更適合在美國以外地區栽 植，但它的絢麗多彩、花期持久等特色，仍深深吸引著國 內許多園丁和花卉愛好者。話雖如此，就算是技藝精湛的 園藝家，也難以應付大麗花的某些習性。 《土壤日記》的作者玲 · 亨特（Lynn Hunt) 是一位經 過認證的園藝評委兼美國玫瑰協會榮譽顧問。六年前， 她從馬里蘭州搬到了北卡羅萊納州的薩法爾市，並開始 種植大麗花。亨特說： 「 在我眼裡，大麗花秀色可餐、令 人矚目，有除藍色以外的任何顏色，綻放時或小如針墊， 或大如玉盤。」 亨特表示，大麗花可從春末夏初綻放至秋季，相對 來說易於種植。不過，她回憶初次種植遇到霜降時，面臨 了進退兩難的境地：是應該挖出塊莖儲存起來，還是賭一 把，把大麗花留在土壤裡？亨特說，這幾年的經驗告訴 她，這兩種方式各有利弊。有一年，她將大麗花挖出來 保存起來，可是花朵卻枯萎了。她有朋友選擇將塊莖留 在地裡，花朵卻凍死了。 誘人的大麗花 德魯 · 英格利希（Drew English）通常會選擇將塊莖挖 出儲存。他自2018年起擔任北卡羅萊納州卡士爾市高漢 普頓度假村大麗花花園的經理，這一花園已有近百年的 歷史。英格利希在成為專業園丁前，就已經被大麗花的絢 麗深深吸引了。他表示： 「2010年夏天，我第一次來到大 麗花花園時，看著這些豐富多彩的花兒們，簡直墜入了愛 河！我在南卡羅來納州的低地地區長大，看到大麗花這種 植物覺得很陌生，但現在我已經掌握了關於這一物種的所 有知識。」

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THIS ARTICLE ORIGINALLY APPEARED IN RADIANT LIFE MAGAZINE.

THE ALLURE OF DAHLIAS Drew English usually opts for digging and storing.

Since 2018, he’s been the manager of the almost century-old dahlia garden at the historic High Hampton Resort in Cashiers, North Carolina. English was first a fan of the flowers before he became their professional caretaker. “It was in the summer of 2010 that I first saw the High Hampton dahlia garden, and I was struck by the amazing variety of blooms," he said. "I was in love! Having been born and raised in the low country of South Carolina, the dahlia was a plant that was foreign to me, but no longer. I read, studied, and investigated all there was to know about the species.”

English’s first dahlia purchase was a deep-purple dinner plate variety called Thomas Edison. “From that point on, my garden grew ... evolving from my humble little 12-foot-by- 6-foot fenced bed to a now terraced hillside garden of about 110 plants. Some of my favorite cultivars are Hollyhill Spider Woman, a large purple and white variegated cactus bloom; Show-n-Tell, a vibrant, red and orange dinner plate dahlia with huge, luscious petals; and Maarn, with its perfectly delicious, orange-sherbet, spherical ball bloom.”

Since then, English has decided to make dahlias not just a source of enjoyment, but a profession as well. High Hampton’s dahlia garden has been moved around the resort property several times, but it's currently front and center, near the entryway, and features at least 300 varieties of dahlia, including a few

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英格利希首次購買的大麗花叫做「托馬斯 · 愛迪生」， 顏色深紫，餐盤大小。他原本用 12 英尺x 6 英尺的籬笆 圍了個小花壇，但隨著種植的規模不斷擴大，而後又改 造為梯田式半坡花園，栽種了大約 110 株植物。他最喜 歡的花朵，包括一種又高又大、紫白相間的仙人掌花， 名為「 霍利希爾蜘蛛女俠 」 ；還有名為「 大展示 」的餐盤 大麗花，紅橙相間，美麗大方，芳香四溢，活力四射； 更有秀色可餐、球形的橙色瑪恩花。 由此，英格利希下定決心，不僅僅把栽種大麗花作 為消遣，而是作為職業追求。高漢普頓的大麗花園經過數 次遷址，現今位於度假區的中心，靠近入口，內有 300 多種大麗花，有些是度假村創始人威廉 · 哈爾斯特德博士 （Dr. William Halsted）從歐洲以高達 1,000 美元的價格 引進的，自開園起就已栽種。 英格利希指出：「 高漢普頓花園裡有 14 個『 老塊 莖 』，它們是由園丁們一代一代傳下來的，我們戲稱作 『 祖傳塊莖 』。我很重視歷史和傳統，我覺得我有義務 悉心培育這些奇妙的植物，以此延續哈爾斯特德博士創 建高漢普頓花園時的熱忱。」 大麗花在春天至秋天的生長期間花團錦簇、絢麗多 姿，但它們也有特定的生長需求。美國大麗花協會指出， 大麗花可以生長在花盆或花壇中，但需要排水透氣好的 土壤和充足的光照。英格麗希說，大麗花適宜生長在健 康、有機的土壤裡。他在高漢普頓種植了 7、800 株大 麗花，每年都添加有機堆肥、定期監測土壤。只要土壤 條件良好，很多病蟲害便會不治自好。 大麗花喜光，不耐蔭蔽，每日需要 6 至 8 小時的陽 光，否則容易生長不良、根系衰弱、葉薄莖細。不過在 南方一些炎熱的地區，高溫也會加速水分蒸發，使得大 麗花枯萎，所以南卡羅萊納德中下游地區和佛羅里達州

originally grown by the resort’s founder, Dr. William Halsted, who purchased varieties from Europe priced at upward of $1,000.

“The High Hampton garden has 14 old stock tubers, also considered legacy tubers, which gardeners have been passing down from year to year,” English said. “History and tradition have always been very important to me, and in some way, I feel a responsibility to continue the passion of the Halsteds and High Hampton by continuing to grow these marvelous plants.”

During the spring-to-fall growing season, dahlias are generous with their blooms. However, like all plants, they do have specific needs. According to ADS, the plants will grow in pots or beds, but they need an environment with adequate drainage and partial to full sun. Dahlias need to be planted in healthy soil full of organic matter, English said.

“I plant 700 to 800 dahlias [at High Hampton], add organic compost annually, and regularly test soil.

A lot of pests and diseases can be eliminated just by having good soil. Dahlias love sun: six to eight hours a day. If they don’t get enough sun, they become stringy and leggy. But really hot sun in some Southern areas dries them out fast, and they wilt,” he said. “That is why people don’t usually try to grow dahlias in the mid-to-lower regions of South Carolina, in Florida, etcetera. The mountainous areas and Pacific Northwest don’t have oppressive heat, and those regions have cooler summer nights, which allows dahlias to recuperate.”

Regarding watering, ADS warns that excessive watering of young plants can lead to rot. A rule of thumb for maturing and mature plants is to water them if the local rainfall is less than 1 inch in seven days.

Pots, however, dry out more quickly and may require regular watering.

English manages High Hampton’s dahlias for their beauty while providing resort members with a cutting garden. He advises members to “cut severely”— meaning to cut not just one flower, but the tri-stem— so that stems become stronger and can hold more blooms in the future.

等地不宜栽種大麗花。山區和西北太平洋地帶沒有酷暑， 夏夜涼爽，便於大麗花休養生息。 美國大麗花協會指出，在生長前期的小苗階段，澆 水過多根部容易腐爛。協會給出了澆水的黃金法則：對 於生長後期或成熟期的大麗花，若當地一週降雨量少於 一英寸，就澆水。種植在花盆中的大麗花消耗水分更快， 可能需要定期澆水。 英格利希除了管理高漢普頓大麗花園，還會為度 假村的會員們打理花園。他總是建議會員們「 嚴加修 剪 」——不要只修剪一朵花，而是要修剪整個花莖，這 樣花莖就會更強壯，日後可以支撐住更多的花。 抵禦嚴寒 英格利希表示，他還在探索幫大麗花抵禦嚴冬的最佳方

WINTERTIME PREP English said he's still learning the best ways to preserve dahlias through the winter months. “Unfortunately,

法。「 遺憾的是，冬季處理大麗花沒有標準答案，必須 經過試錯，因為各地區的氣候和天氣條件都不同。」由於 大麗花由塊莖中生長出來，冬季的休眠期就有些棘手，

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there is no hard-and-fast rule,” he said. “It’s trial and error because every region’s climate and weather conditions are different.” Since dahlias grow from tubers, winter dormancy poses challenges. Deciding whether to dig them up and replant in the spring or just leave them in the ground depends on personal choice.

“You’re always taking a chance if you leave them in the ground because some winters are so harsh that they end up freezing—even if covered with plastic and plenty of mulch, such as straw,” English said.

“But taking them out of the ground is tricky as well. I always pull the High Hampton tubers because of the legacy of these dahlias. I can’t risk losing them to a cold winter.”

Sometimes English will leave all or some of his personal dahlias in the ground. To take that route, he gives the following instructions:

是應該挖出塊莖、春季重新栽種呢？還是留在土壤裡過 冬呢？ 英格利希說： 「 把塊莖留在地裡有一定風險，因為在 窮冬苦寒的時節，就算在大麗花上鋪上塑膠和大面積的地 膜（ 如稻草 ），它們也可能凍死。拔掉塊莖也很麻煩，但 我每年都會把高漢普頓花園的『 祖傳塊莖 』拔出來，因為 我不能冒這個險，讓它們凍死。」有時英格利希會把家中 花園的大麗花留在地裡過冬。對此，他有一些經驗分享： 首次上凍（ 結冰 ）後，把塊莖種回地裡。 第一層鋪上紙板或幾張報紙，再放上一層厚厚的堆肥， 最後在塊莖上用地膜（ 如松木或硬木 ）保溫。 「 有些人會在塊莖上鋪上厚厚的地膜袋，主要是為 了做出一個隔溫層。」在冬季保存大麗花時，除了有凍 死的風險，花朵還可能因潮溼積水而腐爛。若想挖出大 麗花的塊莖，您需要把它們儲存在半乾燥、華氏 40 度 左右（ 約攝氏 5 度左右 ）的環境過冬。另有如下步驟需

After the first freeze, cut them back to the ground.

要留意：

Place cardboard or several sheets of newspaper

down as a first layer, then put a thick layer of compost, and then use mulch (such as pine or hardwood) over the tubers to insulate.

"Sometimes people put heavy mulch bags on top, where the dahlia tubers are. The main thing is to create an insulation layer.”

The main risk when insulating dahlias for the winter, besides freezing, is rotting due to a particularly wet winter.

Digging up dahlia tubers and storing them in a semidry, mid-40-degree Fahrenheit environment for the winter requires these steps:

1 、待大麗花進入休眠期後把它們挖出，即在首次上凍、 植物不再生長時挖出。 2、剪掉所有較大的根部。 3、用一桶水和水管清洗每個塊莖，在陽光下曬乾。 英格利希表示： 「 塊莖也需要不宜太乾或太溼潤， 太乾會導致乾癟枯萎。」 4、把塊莖留作一團，或者分開儲存。 5、將塊莖儲存在堅固的木箱、蔬菜箱或塑膠容器中， 蓋頂扎幾個小孔通風透氣。箱中可以放入木屑、泥炭 蘚或蛭石，不放也可以。 英格利希接著說： 「 在冬季，每個月都應該開箱檢 查，確保大麗花沒有發霉。若發霉了，就應該拿出來處 理掉，以免影響其他健康的塊莖。把容器內的塊莖攤開

1. Dig them up after they've gone dormant—meaning after the first freeze, when the plant stops growing.

2. Trim off any large roots.

3. Clean each tuber with a bucket of water and a hose, then let them dry off for a few days in the sun. “They still need to be somewhat moist, but not noticeably wet, but they also don’t need to be too dried out, or they will shrivel,” English said.

4. Leave tubers as clumps or divide.

5. Store in a sturdy wooden box, vegetable box, or plastic container with holes cut in the lid for ventilation. Mediums for storage include wood shavings, peat moss, vermiculite, or nothing at all.

28│

擺放，不要互相靠著。」大麗花塊莖可以儲存在常溫的棚 子或車庫裡，不低於冰點、不高於華氏 50 度（ 攝氏 10 度 ）即可。 「 不要把塊莖放在床底下，因為房間裡的溫度 太高了，塊莖就會從休眠期過渡至生長期。」 春回大地後 春回大地、冰雪消融後，我們就可以把冬儲的大麗花塊 莖種回地裡了。在高漢普頓花園，英格利希準備在地裡 打下木樁，並根據種植的塊莖類型在樁子標上標籤。 美國大麗花協會表示： 「 把塊莖埋在幾英尺深的洞 裡，將塊莖的『 眼睛 』朝上，也就是塊莖肩部或冠部的一 個點，花朵長出來的地方。如果你要在原本的地點種植 大麗花，每株之間應相隔約兩英尺，以便給它們留足夠

Digging Up Tubers

1

2 3

Dig them up after they've gone dormant—meaning after the first freeze, when the plant stops growing. 待大麗花進入休眠期後 把它們挖出，即在首次 上凍、植物不再生長時 挖出。

4

Trim off any large roots. 剪掉所有較大的 根部。

Clean each tuber with a bucket of water and a hose, then let them dry off for a few days in the sun. 用一桶水和水管清 洗每個塊莖，在陽光 下晒乾。

Spread out the tubers in the container so they are not touching.

“Check on them every month throughout the winter to make sure they are not molding,” English said. “If any are molding, take them out and dispose of them because they will cause others to mold.”

Dahlia tubers can be stored in a climate-controlled shed or garage, as long as it neither gets below freezing nor above 50 degrees F. “You don’t want dahlias stored in a house under a bed, for example, because it will be too warm, and they will come out of dormancy and begin growing,” English said.

AFTER THE THAW Each spring, after the ground has warmed and there's little threat of frost, stored dahlia tubers can go back into the ground. English plans High Hampton's garden by driving stakes—which provide stability for the plants—and tagging each stake based on the type of tuber planted.

ADS says: “Put the tuber in a hole several inches deep with the ‘eye’ on the tuber facing up. The eye is the point on the shoulder, or crown, of the tuber, from which the plant grows. If you are planting a number of

Leave tubers as clumps or divide. 把塊莖留作一團，或 者分開儲存。

5 Store in a sturdy wooden box, vegetable box, or plastic container with holes cut in the lid for ventilation.

Mediums for storage include wood shavings, peat moss, vermiculite, or nothing at all. 將塊莖儲存在堅固的木 箱、蔬菜箱或塑膠容器 中，蓋頂扎幾個小孔通 風透氣。箱中可以放上 木屑、泥炭蘚、蛭石， 不放也可以。

dahlias in the same location, they should be separated by about 2 feet, to give each plant room to grow.”

After dahlias begin growing in late spring or early summer, English prunes them. While he says many gardeners gasp when he mentions this, a lack of pruning may result in weak stems. “Pruning, or pinching back, early on, when the plant is about a foot or two, creates hardy stems and a strong base that can hold those heavy blooms. Cut or use fingers to pinch off the plant right above the larger leaves, where tiny leaves are sprouting. It doesn’t take long for the plant to grow again, and within a few weeks, it will bounce back and new buds will form—and gardeners get a lot more bang for their buck."

生長空間。」在春末夏初，大麗花剛剛開始生長時，英格 利希就會開始修剪它們。許多園丁可能會對他的方法表 示驚訝，但是疏於修剪可能會讓莖部脆弱。他說： 「 當植 物長到一、兩英尺時，應該盡早修剪或者掐斷，這樣大 麗花會長出堅韌的莖部和根部，日後可以支撐住花朵。你 可以在大葉子的正上方，即小葉子發芽的地方，修剪或用 手指掐掉。過不了多久，它就會重新生長，幾個星期就會 長出新的花蕾，帶給園丁更大實惠。」 │29

ELITE PEOPLE

AN ARTISTIC MISSION 創作的本質 ——專訪傳統人像雕刻家

By Annie Wu Photography by Lux Aeterna Studio

THIS ARTICLE WAS ORIGINALLY PUBLISHED IN AMERICAN ESSENCE MAGAZINE.

G

rowing up in Salzburg, Austria, Johanna Schwaiger was constantly surrounded by beautiful art—from the city’s Baroque architecture to majestic fountains and public gardens.

“I always thought the masters of these works were of a distant past, … had magical skills, and I thought if I could only learn a little bit of what they knew, I would be so happy,” she said.

Her father, an art teacher, taught her basic drawing and sculpting techniques. Working in clay gave her true joy. “It became my world to retreat to, whenever I felt I needed to escape somewhere, like Alice entering her wonderland,” she said. Today, Schwaiger has not only achieved her childhood dream of becoming a sculptor but also seeks to inspire the next generation of artists to create the kind of art that so moved her.

She came to the United States in 2017 to work with New Masters Academy, a subscription-based online tutorial platform for people to learn fine arts techniques. To begin with, she was invited to teach a sculpture tutorial on video. Today, she is the academy’s program director. Similar to Netflix, people can stream videos of creative artists teaching their crafts from around the world. Even top art schools and entertainment studios, including the Walt Disney Animation Studios, Ringling College of Art and Design, and the National Sculpture Society, have signed up for courses.

Johanna Schwaiger 出生於奧地利薩爾斯堡，從 小就浸潤於藝術之都，從巴洛克時代建築，到典雅的廣 場噴泉以及公共花園，「 我總是在想，創造這些傑作的 大師與我們相距甚遠，他們擁有這些驚豔的技巧，如果 我能學習到一點，哪怕再些微，我都會很開心！」她說。 Schwaiger 女士的父親是一位藝術教師，教會她 繪 畫 基礎與雕 塑初學技 巧。捏陶 帶 給她真正的快 樂，

Schwaiger is inspired by the grace and strength exhibited by artists of classical Chinese dance. │31

In order to learn traditional figure sculpture, Schwaiger spent more than a decade studying the historic masters.

A JOURNEY It would take some time before Schwaiger could fulfill her passion for arts education. At age 15, she enrolled in a local school for sculptors. But while the school taught wood and stone carving, she wanted to learn traditional figurative sculpture, like that of the Renaissance masters, together with training in ink drawing, clay sculpting, and bronze casting. After graduating from high school, Schwaiger searched ateliers and schools in Salzburg, Vienna, and other nearby European cities, but none taught these techniques.

Some in the arts world told Schwaiger that realism had become a thing of the past, so she decided to train herself by studying the works of old masters such as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael. Schwaiger also majored in art history at the University of Salzburg, and soon picked up commissions to paint portraits and sculpt figures 32│

她說： 「 在我感到想要逃離之際，這對我而言，就是一 個身心靈的避風港，就像愛麗絲遁入夢遊仙境般。」如 今她不僅如願成為一位雕塑家，還身負使命，期許自己 能夠創造出動人且得以啟迪下一代藝術家的作品。 2017 年，Schwaiger 女士來到美國，授課於「 新 大師學院 」（New Masters Academy），這是一項著 名的線上教學資源平臺，跟「Netflix」有點相似，但其 提供訂閱者的內容是所有藝術門類的專業教學，訂閱者 透過觀賞影片來學習各項手藝，在當代頂尖動畫產業， 如：華特迪士尼動畫工作室，以及瑞格林藝術與設計學 院、國家雕塑學會（National Sculpture Society）等 單位都採用該平臺課程。最初，她受邀擔任雕刻學程的 講師，現在她則身任該學術項目的指導人。 求索傳統之路 在Schwaiger女士熱忱奉獻於教學前，她費心費時，致 力於追尋心之所向。 15歲時，她就讀於薩爾斯堡當地的 學校學習雕刻，當時學校教授的是木雕與石雕，但她想 學習的是傳統的人像雕刻，即文藝復興時期大師們的雕

for churches and graveyards, but she still felt a need for more schooling. At age 26, she discovered that the Florence Academy of Art in Italy taught the traditional curriculum. After completing her training there, she returned to her high school alma mater and began teaching a course in traditional figurative art.

Schwaiger has since made it her mission to continue the lineage of the classical art tradition, through New Masters Academy, education initiatives, and her private art studio. “I try to inspire the younger generation to hone their craft and really focus on the craft as much as possible—and make them understand that if you get strong in your craft, that’s how you become free in your expression,” she said in an interview held at Fei Tian College in Middletown, New York, where she taught a four-week summer sculpting class.

Now 38, Schwaiger taught her Fei Tian College students human anatomy and how to draw from a live model. To her, it’s about respecting the process pioneered by the great classical artists of the Western tradition. “You need to honor the past, what the ancestors learned and what they brought out. It’s basically taking the torch and bringing the torch further. That’s what I believe in,” Schwaiger said.

刻作品。課程訓練從水墨繪畫開始，緊接著學習陶土雕塑 以及鑄銅像。高中畢業後，她在薩爾斯堡、維也納以及其 他鄰近的歐陸城市，尋找相關的藝術工作室或學院，但卻 沒有任何一處專攻她想深造的領域。 彼時，一些藝術界的前輩告訴 Schwaiger，寫實主 義（Realism）已走向式 微，成 為過去。有鑑 於此，她下 定決心要倚靠自學，鑽 研 過去幾個世紀的大 師之作，如 李 奧 納 多 · 達文西、米 開 朗 基 羅，以 及拉 斐 爾 等，奉 其 為圭 臬，潛心自學。Schwaiger 同 時在 薩 爾斯 堡 大學（ University of Salzburg）主修藝術史，期間，透過繪畫 人像，以及替教堂、墓園雕刻人像等來賺取收入。但她仍 認為自己需要更加專精的學習，26 歲時，她發現意大利 佛羅倫斯藝術學院（Florence Academy of Art）有開 授傳統藝術教程，在那學習結業後，她回到高中母校，開 始教授傳統的寫實藝術。 Schwaiger 一直在其職涯的實踐中，傳承古典藝術 的技藝。透過在新大師學院開課，以及她的私人藝術工作 室，「 我試著讓年輕一代，打磨他們的手藝，並且盡可能 真正地專精於技藝本身，同時讓他們明白： 『 唯有在技藝 上堅實強大，才能在創作中擁抱表達自由。』」她接受專訪 時說道，當時她正在紐約上州的飛天藝術學院擔任為期 四週的暑期雕刻課程講師。 現年 38 歲的 Schwaiger 女士，在該學院的暑期課 堂上，教授學生關於人體構造，以及如何繪畫實體模特。 她認為，這是尊重西方古典藝術先驅者的過程，「 你必須

INSPIRED BY THE EAST In one recent project, Schwaiger took inspiration from a different culture. Several years ago, she and her husband attended a performance by Shen Yun Performing Arts, the world’s premier classical Chinese dance company. Based in New York, the company seeks to revive the 5,000 years of Chinese civilization through dance and music. Classical Chinese dance, in particular, has a lineage tracing back to imperial courts and ancient plays. Schwaiger was touched not only by the storytelling, but also by the technical prowess of the dancers. “I could see that this is the kind of excellence … that artists in the past were aiming for. And it’s really moving people’s hearts with beauty, and with excellent techniques,” she said.

Schwaiger thought of capturing through sculpture the grace and strength of the dancers she saw on stage.

“What amazed me so much was the variety of dance poses that the dancers can do in sync, and so the whole choreography seems to be a language that is told on stage,” she said.

榮耀過往，那些先祖學到的，他們帶給我們的，其實就是 傳遞火炬，將之傳得更遠，這也是我所堅信的。」 東方藝術的啟迪 在飛天藝術學院進行的一件創作裡，Schwaiger 從不同 文化中汲取靈感。數年前，她曾與其丈夫一同觀賞一場「 神 韻藝術團 」的文藝演出，該藝術團成立於紐約，以其頂尖 的中國古典舞聞名世界，旨在透過舞蹈與音樂，復興中華 五千年文明。中國古典舞，其實源自古典的宮廷舞蹈以及 古老的劇作表演。 Schwaiger 分享，觀賞演出後，舞劇 背後的故事，以及舞蹈家精湛舞藝都讓她深受觸動，「 我 能感受到，這演出何等的卓越，是過往那些藝術家所嚮往 的，而且，透過其高超技巧展現的美，真正地打動觀眾。」 Schwaiger 想到，她能藉由雕塑來捕捉她在舞臺上 看見的優柔與剛健。 「 最讓我感到驚豔的是，如此繁複多 樣的舞姿，舞蹈家們卻能展現一致性，整體編排就像一種 在舞臺上訴說的語言。」 透 過 共 同 的 藝 術 領 域 朋 友 轉 介，Schwaiger 認 識了 Celine Ma， 馬 小 姐 是 北 方 藝 術 學 院（Northern Academy of the Arts） 的 中 國 古 典 舞 講 師， 該 學 院 是 位 於 紐 約 上 州 米 德 爾 敦（Middletown） 的 私 立 學 │33

Through a mutual artist friend, Schwaiger met Celine Ma, a 22-year-old instructor of classical Chinese dance at Northern Academy of the Arts, a private middle and high school in Middletown, New York. Together, they thought of possible poses that the figure could take on, with Ma occasionally modeling the movements. At first, Schwaiger found it challenging to translate dance, a moving art form, into the still form of sculpture—especially conveying the light, airy movements of classical Chinese dancers. “It’s a moment in time that you’re capturing, and so the pose I picked is not a resting pose. It’s more like she’s like a flower blossoming into her pose,” said Schwaiger.

院。Schwaiger 和 馬 小 姐一 起 構 思 適 合用於 雕 塑 的 舞

THE SCULPTURE One of the dancer’s legs is grounded, but the rest of her body is twisted toward the viewer. Meanwhile, her extended arm is gesturing toward the sky. “I was trying to think of how plants grow. That helped me to bring that grace into the piece … like how a flower opens its petals. That’s the image I tried to keep in mind as I was sculpting this,” Schwaiger said.

Ma said of the hand gesture: “It’s reaching high, like giving people hope and aiming for something brighter and higher.” She was not only impressed

by Schwaiger’s dedication to artistry, but was also thrilled to see classical Chinese dance represented in another art form. “Dancers in the past—we don’t have a lot of documented footage, and a lot of techniques are lost because there’s no way that someone is passing [them] down through thousands of years,” Ma said, noting that it was thrilling to see “a sculpture that can be everlasting.”

Through working on the sculpture project, Ma also gained a newfound understanding of how Western and Eastern arts can complement each other. And through discussing the posture of the sculpture, she became more aware of the muscles she was using while dancing and “the beauty of the human form.”

處，就像給予人們希望，期許一種光亮與高潔。」她感佩

姿，而馬小姐能直接透 過舞動來詮釋模特動作。起初， Schwaiger 就 發現，以 雕 刻 的 靜 態 詮 釋 動 態 的 藝 術 形 式格 外 有挑戰，尤其 在光 線、空氣 流 動下，中國古典舞 姿的表現。「 這是捕捉一瞬之間，所以我選擇刻畫的不是 靜止的時刻，更像是透過她舞動如花兒綻放的瞬間。」 捕捉一瞬之間 當舞者的雙腿 站定後，剩餘的肢體仍在扭轉，同時，將 其臂膀向天空延伸，「 當時我在想的是植物如何生長，這 有助於我將那份優美帶入作品之中，就像是花兒展開花 瓣那般，在我雕刻的當下，我將這樣的畫面銘記於心。」 Schwaiger 說。 馬小 姐分享了關於舞蹈手勢 的 認 識，「 將 手觸及高 於 Schwaiger 女士致力於藝術表現的心思，也為中國古 典舞能透過另一種藝術形式來詮釋，而感到興奮，「 過去 的舞蹈家們，並未被大量記載（ 紀錄），很多技術已然失 傳，因為數千年來沒有人將此代代相傳。」因此她更為感 嘆，能見到一件可以永存的雕塑作品。 透過此次的雕塑合作項目，馬女士從中發現，東、西 方的藝術如何在其中發揮互補的力量，透過討論雕刻姿 態，她比往常更能意識到舞蹈中肌肉的使用方式，以及人 體之美。 反思藝術之於社會 馬小姐在中國古典舞領域訓練長達七年，學習到這種藝 術形式背後的意涵，她說這過程幫助她內化古老的中華文 化內涵，像是自律、隱忍的意志，以及正向的心態，要想 在藝術上精進，「 真的必須將這些涵養內化於心，這只能 發自內心。」她說。 Schwaiger 對此也有相似的理解，她認為藝術家必 須陶冶自我的品行，才能創作出美的作品。「 藝術家們要 讓自己沉浸於美的意念之中，才能藉此溝通他人，如果藝 術家思及觀眾，希望他們與藝術之美產生聯繫，那麼觀者 也能感同身受。這也是我認為藝術之於社會如此舉足輕重 的原因。」 她也深信藝 術的力量能 造福人群，「 如果你凝視優 雅、震撼的事物，它們會自然地幫助你連結其中的內涵， 這會提醒著人們時刻懷抱這些與生俱來的品德。」她希望

THE ROLE OF ART IN SOCIETY Ma trained in classical Chinese dance for seven years, learning the inner meanings behind the art form.

She said that the training helped her to embody values that were appreciated in ancient Chinese culture, such as self-discipline, the willingness to endure hardships, and an optimistic outlook. To master the art form, “you really have to build these values within 34│

有朝一日，能過透過公眾藝術作品啟發群眾，無論作品佇 立於校園、醫療機構或是大眾廣場之中。 Schwaiger 女士下一步計劃將舞蹈雕塑刻作銅像， 採用一種失傳的古老技藝——蠟雕，她希望這些作品終 有一天能展示於眾。這些藝術有著美化周遭環境的效果， 「 你會願意花時間待在那個空間，願意和他人一起坐下來， 你能藉此感受那個時刻——這對文明教化是一件重要的 事。」她侃侃地說著這份美好願景。

Schwaiger believes that artists must cultivate good values in order to create something beautiful.

you, and it’s something that comes from your heart,” said Ma. Schwaiger similarly believes that artists must cultivate good values in order to create something beautiful. Artists very much have to immerse themselves in beauty in order to communicate it to somebody else.

“If the artist is thinking of the audience, wanting the audience to connect with that beauty, the person who is looking at the art is going to feel that. So that’s why I think art has such importance for society,” she said.

She also firmly believes that art has the power to elevate people. “If you’re looking at graceful things, powerful things, it’s naturally helping you to connect with these virtues. … It’s reminding [you] of these

qualities that you should have in yourself,” she said.

That’s why she hopes to one day create public art that can inspire through beauty—whether it’s sculpture in schools, hospitals, or public squares.

Schwaiger plans to cast her dancer sculpture in bronze next, using an ancient technique known as lost-wax casting, and she hopes the sculpture can be placed in a public setting one day. With art beautifying its surrounding environment, “you like to spend time there, you’d like to sit down and be there together with others, and you feel the other people that are present—and that’s very essential for our civilization,” she said.

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ELITE ARTS

The Voyage of Life 走入畫境 品生命之旅 ——美國風景畫家托馬斯．科爾名作賞析

By Jeff Perkin Pictures courtesy of National Gallery of Art

THIS ARTICLE WAS ORIGINALLY PUBLISHED IN AMERICAN ESSENCE MAGAZINE.

The Voyage of Life: Childhood.

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A

merica’s f irst great landscape painter, Thomas Cole, was a pivotal figure in the development of a distinctly American artistic identity in the early 19th century. Cole’s masterful landscapes range from picturesque compositions of America’s pristine wilderness to imaginative historical and allegorical scenes. The revered artist’s devotion to seeking the presence of God in nature inspired him to create depictions of divinity within the world and the human experience.

A prime example of this undertaking, and one of Cole’s most renowned series, is The Voyage of Life, a group of four paintings that illustrate the major stages in a man’s life: Childhood, Youth, Manhood, and Old Age. The series was commissioned by wealthy banker Samuel Ward for his private residence. Ward, a religious man, hired Cole to portray the faith-based view of a man’s allegorical path through life ending in salvation. Ward died shortly after the commission commenced, but Cole continued work on the series with the new intention of showing them to the public. In his later years, Cole was an increasingly religious man, to which this series is a testament.

Regardless of your faith, The Voyage of Life captures a journey through different seasons, challenges, and the varying mental, emotional, and physical states we experience as we ride the river of life.

CHILDHOOD Cole originally worked on The Voyage of Life: Childhood when he was in his late 30s, in 1839–1840. This first landscape of the series symbolizes man’s birth into the world. A baby whom Cole called “the Voyager” is the passenger on a boat being guided down a river by an angelic figure. The front of the boat has an hourglass that is held by one of many angelic carvings whom Cole called “the Hours.” A shadowy cavern at the base of a massive rocky mountain, whose precipice is lost in clouds, gives the viewer the sense that the child has been delivered into this world of time from a mystery beyond it. The rosy light of sunrise casts an inviting glow on a vast and verdant landscape. Lush foliage and vibrant flowers greet the child on the banks of the calmly flowing river.

The child holds his arms outstretched joyously clenching flowers as he sits on a lush green bed of foliage that fills the boat. His guiding angel looks down 38│

托馬斯 · 科爾（Thomas Cole）是美國首位偉大的風景 畫家，他的畫風別樹一幟，為 19 世紀初期美國畫壇的 哈德遜河派（Hudson River School）奠定了基礎。從 令人屏息凝神的曠野景色、蕩氣回腸的歷史時刻，到引 人入勝的寓言故事，科爾身體力行，用高超的技藝在大 自然中刻畫人性、追尋神蹟。 《生命之旅》系列畫作正是他道盡一生的信仰之作， 這組繪畫共有四幅，描繪了人生的四個階段：童年、青 年、成年、老年。 該 組 畫 作 是 受 大 銀 行 家 塞 謬 爾 · 沃 德（Samuel Ward）委託、為其私人宅邸創作的。沃德是一位虔誠 的 信徒，他 請 科爾由宗教 的 視角出發，以寓言的 方式 描繪人漫步一生、終獲救贖的旅程。雖然沃德在畫作問 世前就去世了，但是科爾堅持完成了畫作，並打算將此 系列展示給世人。我們從這四幅畫中可以看出，科爾在 晚年對 宗教 的信仰 愈發 虔 誠。無 論您有無信仰，都能 對《生命之旅》中，人在不同階段面對的重重挑戰與心境 變化，產生共鳴。 童年 科爾最初 開始創作《生命之旅：童年》是在1839年末， 當時他已近不惑之年。《童年》風景畫展示了人的降生： 一個名為「 旅人 」的嬰兒坐在一葉輕舟上，天使指引著 船在小溪上順流而下。船頭上雕刻著一位舉著沙漏、鍍 金的天使，科爾稱其為「 時」。大山高聳入雲，山腳下 有一個陰暗的洞穴，這畫面告訴觀眾，有個小嬰兒正由 一個神祕的世界來到人間。日出時分，群山峻嶺沐浴在 玫瑰色的陽光下，溪水緩緩流淌，兩岸鬱鬱蔥蔥，迎接 著新生。 畫作中，嬰兒坐在綠草鋪成的船床上，他歡快地伸 出雙臂，緊握著鮮花。為孩子引路的天使正慈愛地俯視 著他，帶領他前往多彩而奇妙的人間。這幅畫展示了幼 年時期的樂觀，與對世間種種神祕的好奇。對「 旅人 」 而言，這春意盎然的景色象徵著人生的曙光。 青年 科爾曾說： 「 年輕時的想像力有種浪漫之美——在青年 從實踐中領悟何為真實之前，心靈就已將平凡瑣事提升 到了偉大的境界。」科爾於1840年完成了《生命之旅》系 列的餘下三幅畫作。《青年》風景畫中，小舟所及之處 視野開闊，樹木和遠山直插雲霄。這時，嬰兒已成長為 掌舵的青年，懷揣著自信與期望，憧憬著雲端的城堡。 科爾筆下那若隱若現的宮殿，象徵著年輕人「 為白日夢 而追名逐利 」。這位年輕人急切地駛向他高遠的目標， 卻彷彿沒有意識到，他已把護佑他的天使遺落在了岸邊。 《青年》畫中的風景生機盎然、令人流連忘返。「 童 年」時期曾開滿 稚 嫩花朵的河岸，現已長出了雄心勃 勃的參天大樹，無不展示著對榮耀的渴望與冒險精神。

The Voyage of Life: Youth.

lovingly while navigating the child into this colorful and wondrous new world. The painting symbolizes the optimism and mystery of childhood. Everything is fresh and filled with amazement. It is the dawn of existence for Cole’s voyager that is symbolized by the glow of morning light and the abundant natural flourishing of spring.

男孩規 劃著通往宮殿的航 線，卻沒有留心不遠處的急 轉彎。水流向畫作的右側，前方有艱險的峭壁，預示著 《生命之旅》的第三個故事：年輕時的天真和樂觀，將 受到成年 後現實的 挑戰。科爾似乎在 暗 示：青 年缺 乏 經驗的美好願景，終將被磨礪成謙遜的智慧。 成年 《成年》在色調和主題上都與青年時期迥然不同：船身在

YOUTH "The scenery of the picture—its clear stream, its lofty trees, its towering mountains, its unbounded distance, and transparent atmosphere—figure forth the romantic beauty of youthful imaginings, when the mind elevates the Mean and Common into the Magnificent, before experience teaches what is the Real,” Cole said of this piece.

急湍中趨 近懸崖，風暴和雲層籠罩著崎嶇而沉悶的大 地，突起的岩石距他只有幾步之遙。船舵已消失不見， 絕望之際，旅人雙手合十，祈求神明幫他脫離險境。船 頭的沙漏眼看就要見底，雕刻的天使看起來憂心忡忡。 科爾彷彿在坦率地向眾人分享，自己在人生起伏中學到 的深刻道理。他曾說： 「 困境是成年人的必經之路。」烏 雲中隱現的鬼魂在旅人頭頂盤旋，他正在承受年少無知 的惡果。 │39

40│

Cole completed The Voyage of Life: Youth along with the rest of the series in 1840. In this second painting, the landscape has opened up to reveal the course of the river through lofty trees and distant hills that elevate into soaring mountains. The voyager has now confidently taken the helm of the boat and looks longingly forward, pointing toward a glowing palace of clouds in the sky. For Cole, this symbolized “the daydreams of youth, its aspirations after glory and fame.” The young man seems to rush toward his lofty goals unconscious that he seems to have left his angelic guide behind him on the shore.

The Voyage of Life: Manhood.

現在，觀眾或許對旅人的未來感到不確定。這位不 知所措的旅人看不到的是，金光灑在他身後的河面，守 護天使正平靜地坐在雲端，看護著他。這啟示我們，身 處困境時，艱難的時刻或許沒有看起來那麼嚴重、那麼 煎熬。在人生長河中，成年階段挑戰重重，需要旅人以 信念為船槳前進。當他以為自己即將失去一切時，正是 「 柳暗花明又一村」之日，神明的力量仍在庇護他。花簇 般外在的誘惑已被他拋在腦後，等待他的是人生真諦。 科爾對第三幅畫作曾解釋道： 「 旅人哀求地望向上天， 象徵著他對神力的依賴，這種信念能讓他免於近在咫尺 的災難。」

The landscape of Youth is enticingly gorgeous and teeming with life. The many flowers of childhood have been replaced with the ambition of mighty trees.

A spirit of adventure and lust for the glories of life are pervasive in the painting. The boy charts a course for the palace in his mind without noticing that the river makes a sharp turn in the distance. It flows toward the right side of the painting where rocky cliffs await the voyager, foreshadowing the third painting in the series. The naiveté and optimism of youth are going to be challenged by the realities of manhood. Cole seems to imply that wisdom and humility are the result of tempering the beautiful, yet inexperienced, visions of youth.

MANHOOD The Voyage of Life: Manhood is a very dramatic shift in tone and content from Youth. The now middle-aged voyager finds himself in a dark and dreary landscape rushing down a treacherous part of the river. Rocks jut out of rapids that are mere seconds ahead of him. He looks forlorn. The helm of the boat is gone, and his hands are clasped together in desperate prayer. The angels on the boat look concerned as 老年 在《老年》中，河流已到達風平浪靜的入海口，旅人也 步入生命的終點。船頭的沙漏已經破碎，沉落水中，畫 裡 的周遭也不 再有綠 意生機。天 堂向他敞 開大門，天 使再 次現 身在他 的 眼前，指引他前往美 好 的 避 風 港。 科爾描述道： 「 肉體的枷鎖逐漸消失，心靈瞥見了不朽 的生命。」這一寓言最能 體 現 基 督教中的來世救贖 的 教義。旅人經過了一生的浮沉，滿懷希望地期盼神蹟， 見證信仰。 《生命之旅》系列廣受公眾和評論家的好評。詩人 威廉 · 卡倫 · 布萊恩特（William Cullen Bryant）曾評 論： 「 這一系列畫作的構思如一首完美的詩篇，為我們 勾勒了人生不同階段的美麗與深刻意義。」這四幅畫作 道盡人生哲思，傳達了對救贖的期盼。科爾的傑作讓美 國藝術界聲名大噪，對後世影響深遠。他在風景畫中刻 畫神蹟，對美國畫界的美學與畫魂有重要貢獻。 1842 年，在《生命之旅》系列初獲成功後，科爾作 出了一個令人驚嘆且詫異的決定——重繪四幅畫作，以 便日後公開展覽。原作由沃德家族收藏，不受科爾調配。 因此，兩套幾乎一模一樣的畫作現在美國兩大 畫 廊展 覽：首套（1839 至 1840 年）珍藏在 紐 約州 MunsonWilliams-Proctor 藝 術 研 究所，第二套（1842 年，本 文插圖）收在華盛頓特區的國家美術館。 42│

The Voyage of Life: Old Age..

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time in the hourglass seems to be running out. Cole, who himself had bouts of melancholy, seems to be outlining his sobering and blunt view of middle age.

In his words, “Trouble is characteristic of the period of manhood.” Above the voyager in the clouds are ghostly apparitions. The man seems haunted by “demons’ and the place to which he has been delivered by the ignorance of his youth.

The viewer is left with a feeling of uncertainty as to what will happen to the voyager. Out of the bewildered man’s sight, behind him in the clouds, light shines down into the unpleasant scene from where the angel continues to watch over him. This offers the insight that life’s difficulties may not be as serious or lasting as they may seem during the experience.

Adulthood is a challenging part of the voyager’s journey that he is navigating with his faith. Even when all seems lost, it is not, and a higher power is watching over him. The flowers and superficial beauty of youth are behind him but what lies ahead is a more meaningful truth.

“The upward and imploring look of the voyager shows his dependence on a Superior Power; and that faith saves him from the destruction that seems inevitable,” Cole said of the painting.

OLD AGE In The Voyage of Life: Old Age the river has reached the mouth of a calm ocean symbolizing the end of the voyager’s experience in this world. The boat’s hourglass has broken off, and there isn't much left in the landscape. The angel appears before him now, pointing his gaze toward the heavens, which appear to be opening up to him in a gesture of invitation beyond this world.

“The chains of corporeal existence are falling away; and already the mind has glimpses of Immortal Life,” Cole said of this piece. It is here that the Christian doctrine of salvation in the afterlife is most prominent allegorically. The voyager had his time on the wildly changing river of life and now looks in hopeful wonder toward the faith-based promise to which Cole and his patron subscribed.

The Voyage of Life was well-received by the public and critics alike. The poet William Cullen Bryant remarked: “The conception of the series is a perfect poem... Set before us are the different stages of human 44│

America’s first great landscape painter, Thomas Cole (1801–1848). _PD-US

life under images [of] which every beholder admits the beauty and deep significance.” The paintings form a powerful allegory for human life and the hope of salvation in the mystery beyond it. Cole was hugely influential in establishing America’s artistic reputation, and his works went on to inspire many other American artists. His attempt to instill the divine into his landscapes played an important part in forming the beauty, soul, and allure of America.

In 1842, after the initial success of the series, Cole made the impressive and somewhat shocking decision to laboriously paint all four paintings a second time in order to be able to further display them publicly. The first series was privately owned by Ward’s family and thus no longer under his control.

For this reason, two slightly different yet essentially similar sets of The Voyage of Life exist at two different American galleries. The first set (1839–40) is at the Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute in Utica, New York, and the second set (1842 and pictured in this article) is at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.

ELITE ARTS

The ‘Flower Duet’ 繞梁經典旋律 且聽〈花之二重唱〉

THIS ARTICLE ORIGINALLY APPEARED IN RADIANT LIFE MAGAZINE.

By Pete McGrain

I

f there is a world’s second-most beautiful piece of music, then which is the first, and who says so?

Of course, that ranking would be entirely subjective, right?

I learned to compose by listening. When I need inspiration, I also listen. It doesn’t pay very well, as they say, but the benefits are great—I get to listen to a lot of incredible music.

您曾否想過世界上第二優美的音樂是什麼？畢竟要討論世 界第一有太多的選擇與爭議，這些排名需考量眾多因素。 透過聆聽音樂來尋找靈感與學習創作期間，我發掘了許多 美妙的樂曲，這些樂曲豐富了我的內心世界。我記得，有 位朋友知道我是音樂家後，雙眼為之一亮，興奮地告訴 我： 「 我知道一首世上最美妙的音樂作品！」我微笑應答： Gather Ye Rosebuds While Ye May, 1909, by John William Waterhouse. Oil on canvas. _PD-US │45

I remember a dear friend, who knew I was a musi「 是〈Flower Duet〉嗎？」她驚訝表示，我竟能如此準確 cian, rushing breathlessly to my side and proclaim地說出他心中的答案。 ing, “I have found the most beautiful piece of music 〈花之二重唱〉 （Flower Duet）是一首廣受喜愛的 ever written!” There were some flourishes of her arms 音樂作品。 1883 年的巴黎，法國作曲家里奧 · 德利伯 and flashing of her eyes as she prepared to enlighten （Léo Delibes，1836~1891）創作了名歌 劇《拉克美》 me with her revelation. （Lakmé），〈花之二重唱〉是劇作中的其中一曲。這部 I smiled and answered simply, “The ‘Flower Duet’?” 歌 劇 在 法 國 的 喜 歌 劇 院（Opéra-Comique） 首 演， Her eyes widened as if I had actually been able to see 不到 40 年時間，1921 年 5 月，迎來第一千次演出。 into her soul, and she asked, “How could you 在當代，這首曲子則出現在英國航空廣告、電 possibly know that?” 影《浪 漫 風 暴》（True Romance，1996 The “Flower Duet” is one of 年 ）以及動畫《辛普森家庭》裡，因為 those compositions that afi這首曲子的旋律能輕易收服聽眾。 cionados would say has been 這位受上天眷顧的天才作曲 overused. It has been fea家 德 利 伯， 出 生 於 1836 年， tured widely, in advertise一個現代汽車、電話與飛機都 ments by British Airways, 尚未發明的年代，但作為一 movies such as Taranti名古典音樂家，他創作了超 no’s True Romance, and 越時空的作品，在歌劇與芭 even in The Simpsons— 蕾舞音樂上頗有建樹。同時 so I am not sure whether 代的俄國作曲家柴可夫斯 the aficionados are being 基（Tchaikovsky，1840~ snobbishly superior or 1893）聽過德利伯創作的歌 overprotective. Either way, 劇《西爾維婭》 （Sylvia）後， the first hearing of the duet 他說：「 如果我早一點聽過這 seldom fails to bring people 部 作 品， 我 便 不 會 創 作《天 鵝 to their knees. 湖》（Swan Lake）」，他對德利 Rega rd less, I infor med my 伯作品的音樂性給予極高評價。 friend that the “Flower Duet” was 歌劇《拉克美》講述一段淒美的愛 the second-most beautiful piece of mu情故事。拉克美是一位於印度婆羅門大祭 sic ever written. At which point her eyes 司的女兒，在歌劇的第一幕，她和她的女 French Romantic composer Léo Delibes (1836–1891) was widened even further. 僕瑪莉卡在河岸邊唱二重唱，她倆天真浪 best-known for his ballets and Léo Delibes, the genius the gods chose operas. _PD-US 漫地想像白色茉莉花正順著水流而下，同 to compose the “Flower Duet,” was born 時有美麗鳥鳴相伴。正是這首歌，讓躲在 in France in 1836—before the car, the telephone, or the 岸邊的英國年輕士兵魂牽夢縈。 airplane—yet the music is timeless. Yes, it is classical 〈花 之 二 重 唱〉裡 的 管 弦 樂， 用 6/8 拍 的 節 奏 演 music, but even today’s classical composers struggle to 奏，如微風般輕盈優雅。這樣的節奏配置，在後三分之 achieve that level of complex elegance and beauty. 一拍的部分會有緊密和聲，聽起來就像是鳥鳴與河流 Upon hearing the opera Sylvia, an earlier work of 相唱和。當音高緩緩上升，甜蜜氣息的和聲相呼應，不 Delibes, Tchaikovsky was noted for saying: “What 知不覺旋律來到最高點。這段和聲，分別是由女高音與 charm, what grace, what melodic, rhythmic and har女中音構成，音符爬升的過程令人熱血沸騰，跟著音符 monic richness. I was ashamed. If I had heard this mu盤旋前進，不同地漸強令人屏氣凝神，最後的音符似乎 sic earlier, then I would not have written Swan Lake.” 帶著聽眾飄浮在空中，停留一會後，才由柔和的副歌帶 After Sylvia, Delibes confounded everyone by going 領觀眾重返地面。此時聽眾早已被音樂點燃情緒，這 on to write the opera Lakmé, from which the famed 部作品用音符走進了人們的內心。筆者在此推薦 Anna “Flower Duet” was born.

Netrebko 和 Elina Garanca 的合唱版本，她們的演繹 Lakmé premiered at the Opera Comique in Paris in 不會讓人失望！ 1883. By May 1921, it had reached its 1,000th perfor儘 管 德 利 伯 的 作 品《西 爾 維 婭》、 《科 佩 利 亞》 mance there. （Cop-pélia）和《拉克美》在當時獲得極大好評，但它並 46│

The opera is a tragic love story, like many others of its time. During the first act, Lakmé, the daughter of a high priest, and her handmaid, Mallika, gather flowers at a riverbank. They sing the duet, imagining floating down the river beneath a white dome of jasmine flowers while listening to a beautiful birdsong.

It is this song that enchants the young soldier who is hiding by the riverbank, and it is little wonder he is enchanted.

The orchestra plays in 6/8 time, which lilts like a breeze, almost a gentle waltz. The close harmonies of the voices quite literally shimmer at just a third apart, singing a melody that seems to echo the birdsong and the waters of the river. They rise and fall with a sweet yearning before soaring impossibly into the chorus section. The two voices, a soprano and a mezzo-soprano, seem almost to take flight in a melody that is both searing and fragile, thrilling and uplifting, but with a longing that brings real flesh and blood to a melody that could almost be too beautiful.

The structure of the melody and vocal counterpoints continue upward to one of opera’s most sensational and heart-stopping crescendos. The last notes seem to hang, frozen in the air for a long moment, before the motifs are repeated in a soft refrain that finally allows the listener to bathe in exquisite, liquid rapture. It is a breathtaking affect that shatters the intellect and cuts deep to the core, leaping the gap between stunning musical accomplishment and pure human emotional experience.

I recommend searching online for a performance of the piece by Anna Netrebko and Elina Garanca. It will not disappoint, I assure you.

While Delibes’s three main operas, Sylvia, Coppélia, and Lakmé, were received to great critical acclaim, they have not stood the test of time in the same way as some of the Italian compositions of that era, like Tosca or Madame Butterf ly. Lakmé, for example, is set during the English colonial occupation of India. When that occupation ended, the world moved on, and modern politics and social mores, perhaps rightfully so, have left many such works begging for continued relevance.

However, while some operas and ballets might have lost favor, the arias from those works often go on to have lives of their own, and thankfully, such is the case with the singular “Flower Duet.” It has rightfully earned its place at the center of the canon of classical

repertoire and is performed around the world to this day. There probably isn’t a soprano alive who does not dream of performing this iconic piece.

As a composer, I would feel blessed beyond words to pen just that one melody and retire, content that I had made a miraculous contribution.

And yet, as startlingly wonderful as the “Flower Duet” is, it might surprise you to know that there is always another piece of music, hiding just around the corner, waiting for a curious ear to find it. That is how blessed we are. For every act of mindless madness we can attribute to the human race, we can look back at a reservoir that is positively brimming over with our higher expressions, with incredible wisdom and beauty, expressed through literature, art, and music. That treasure trove is deep and wide.

So I assured my dear friend that it was a mathematical certainty that she would find yet another incredible melody that she would be sure was “the most beautiful piece of music ever written.” Ergo, the “Flower Duet” would become the second. But how incredible would that be! 沒有像那個時代的意大利歌劇，例如《托斯卡》 （Tosca） 或《蝴蝶夫人》 （Madame Butterfly）一樣通過時間的 考驗，廣為後世傳唱。 《拉克美》的作品設定在英國殖民 印度時期，然而隨著殖民階段的結束，許多政治生活與 社會風俗的改變，如今只能透過當時留下的這些音樂創 作，讓後人有機會一窺那個時代。 或許有的歌劇或者是芭蕾舞劇盛極一時後，逐漸失 去熱度，但這些作品裡的某些詠嘆調旋律仍能倚靠實力 延續自己的生命， 〈花之二重唱〉便是這樣的作品。時至 今日，該作品在古典音樂界仍占有一席之地，並成為所 有女高音家夢寐以求的演出之作，別具指標性。身為一 位作曲家，我能體會當曲作完成後，仍在世人心中傳唱 的那種幸福與喜悅。 〈花之二重唱〉當之無愧是一首數一數二的驚豔之 作，但世上總有另一段美妙的音樂在不遠處與你相遇， 等待它的伯樂降臨。我們何其有幸？音樂是人類生活的 寶庫，濃縮了美學、文學、藝術的智慧，深不可測。就 理論而言，我向我的朋友保證，他將會再找到另一段「 世 上最美秒的 」旋律，屆時，〈花之二重唱〉會成為第二， 而這一切能讓我們稱之為美妙的作品，都是令人難以置 信的美好啊！

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ELITE TRAVEL

America’s National Parks:

YOSEMITE 深入人間仙境

美國國家公園優勝美地

By Jeff Perkin

El Capitan and Bridalveil Fall tower majestically above the Merced River in the heart of Yosemite Valley.

Everybody needs beauty as well as bread, places to play in and pray in, where Nature may heal and cheer and give strength to body and soul alike.

John Muir 每個人都有對美的追求。我們喜愛遊玩，有時也需要歸心祈禱，讓大自然撫慰疲 倦的身心。 約翰 · 繆爾

THIS ARTICLE WAS ORIGINALLY PUBLISHED IN AMERICAN ESSENCE MAGAZINE.

J

ust by glimpsing a photograph of California’s iconic Yosemite Valley, it’s easy to understand why millions of people from around the world make the pilgrimage to its breathtaking landscapes every year. Yosemite is home to some of the largest waterfalls in North America, one of the biggest exposed-granite monoliths on earth, and a wide range of beautiful scenes indicative of the varied elevations and ecosystems of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Whether you stand in a scenic meadow, look up the heights of a mighty sequoia, or look down from the edge of a sheer granite monolith, there is no shortage of reasons why Yosemite provided an impetus for the birth of America’s National Park System.

Inspired by its vast geological wonders, influential American historical figures such as President Theodore Roosevelt and naturalist John Muir devoted themselves

瞥一眼加州最具標誌性的攝影作品——優勝美地山谷，這 歎為觀止的美景，足以說明為何每年都有數以百萬計，來 自世界各地的遊客趨之若鶩。優勝美地，是北美數一數二 的巨型瀑布聚集地，也是地表最大的裸露花崗岩所在地之 一，園區內涵蓋了內華達山脈各海拔生態的多樣景緻。無 論您是站在秀麗的草原，望向那壯觀的紅衫群，或鳥瞰花 崗岩下的崖壁，種種天然奇景，讓美國國家公園系統因運 而生——為保護自然生態而存在。 受這偉岸的地理奇觀所啟發，美國史上的知名人士， 如老羅斯福總統（Theodore Roosevelt）以及自然學 家約翰 · 繆爾（John Muir），都願奉一己之力，致力保 護優勝美地，確保其得以留存給未來的世代。 19 世紀， 美國建國之初大部分國土仍未開化，猶如「 伊甸園 」。 然而，優勝美地山谷壯麗的天然岩壁、茂密的草原，以 及豐富的森林植被，種種珍貴的自然環境，卻因開發而 面臨威脅，最終使其成為政府監督之地。

to protecting Yosemite for future generations. In the 19th century, most of the United States was still an undisturbed Eden in the eyes of the young nation’s citizens. Yosemite Valley, with its awe-inspiring walls, lush meadows, and abundant forest groves, was one of the most prized areas of this newly threatened Eden. The controversial battle to conserve Yosemite through government oversight set the precedent for the National Park System we know and love today.

精采歷史 優勝美地的歷史鎔鑄了眾多事件，充滿戲劇性，包含美 洲原住民的土地慘遭掠奪，以及隨後因私營商業活動帶 來的破壞與抗爭等事件。原住民居住於優勝美地山谷地 區可追溯至數千年前，遠在非原住民定居者到來之前。 派尤特人的其中一個部族，名為阿瓦尼奇，他們曾居住 在那巍峨的花崗群岩所在地，他們稱之為阿瓦尼，意即 「 大口 」，形容巨岩環繞的外壁地形。 19世紀中期，加 州掏金熱讓數以萬計的歐裔美國人湧入內華達山脈區， 帶給原住民天翻地覆的變化。每當有新的族群想占據此

YOSEMITE’S DRAMATIC HISTORY The history of Yosemite is a dramatic, dualistic microcosm that includes the violent expulsion of Native Americans, and the subsequent fight to halt the destructive practices of private commercial interests.

Evidence of the presence of Native Americans in and around Yosemite Valley dates back thousands of years before non-indigenous settlers arrived. A tribe of Paiute Native Americans, the Ahwahnechee, once lived amid the immense granite monoliths of the epic valley they called Ahwahnee, meaning “large mouth.”

When the California Gold Rush suddenly brought tens of thousands of European Americans to the Sierras in the mid 1800s, life was forever changed for the indigenous people. Violent conflict was one predictable result of the newly arrived settlers claiming land and resources in their pursuit of striking it rich.

Gold provided the motivation for explorers to brave the largely undisturbed and rugged Sierra Nevada Mountains. As a result of growing conflict with the

Left: President Theodore Roosevelt and naturalist John Muir, together above Yosemite Valley in 1903.

Right: Artist Thomas Ayres captivated the American imagination with his sketches of Yosemite Falls. _Public domain

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地，進行資源開發時，流血衝突必然隨之而來。 金礦資源，讓探勘者大膽開墾內華達山脈內大片未 開化且崎嶇不平的地區。因此，新定居者和阿瓦尼奇的 衝突日益滋長，1851 年，名為馬里波薩大隊的民兵組職， 追趕部落直至山谷，燒掉他們的村落，強行驅趕。這支 民兵隊伍的一位領袖將此山谷命名為「Yosemite」，以 榮耀此次的驅趕行動。諷刺的是，彼時他們並不知道， 該詞彙是由另一名為米沃克（Miwok）的部落指稱阿瓦 尼奇人的方式，意思是：殺戮者。然而，除卻這些涉及 道德議題，及其帶來悲劇的衝突事件，民兵領袖如此描 繪這片風景： 「 當我凝視，一種崇高的感覺擴散全身，我發現自己 的雙眼充滿了淚水，我激昂地說， 『 我在此見識了至高無 上的力量與榮耀，那岩群則是其鬼斧神工 』。」 優勝美地的壯麗，口耳相傳至整個美洲地區。報章 雜誌開始印製早前造訪此地的藝術家 Thomas Ayres 之 插畫作品，其作描摹了高聳入雲的瀑布景觀，引起群眾對 此地的遐想。於是人們聚居於此，商業活動開始在這裡遍 地開花，越來越多人想藉此圖利。浪漫時期（1800~1850 年 ）藝術家 Albert Bierstadt 以及 Thomas Cole 的畫

Ahwahnechee, a group of armed settlers known as the Mariposa Battalion pursued the tribe into the valley in 1851, burning their villages and forcing them out.

Mariposa Battalion member Dr. Lafayette Bunnell ironically named the valley “Yosemite” in honor of the expelled tribe, without knowing it was a name— created for the Ahwahnechee by surrounding Miwok tribes—that meant “those who kill.”

Despite the dark and morally questionable circumstances of this conflict in Yosemite Valley, Bunnell had these beautiful words to say about the landscape: "As I looked, a peculiar exalted sensation began to fill my whole being, and I found my eyes in tears with emotion. I said with some enthusiasm, ‘I have here seen the power and the glory of a Supreme Being, the majesty of His handiwork is in that testimony of the rocks.’"

Word of Yosemite’s unrivaled beauty quickly spread across the continent. Magazines printed the illustrations of early visiting artist Thomas Ayres, who depicted and described soaring waterfalls that captivated the American imagination. Settlers and commercial interests set up shop in the area. Romantic-era artists such as Albert Bierstadt and Thomas Cole painted scenes from Yosemite Valley that seemed to capture the presence of the Divine in their almost otherworldly depictions of the new and exciting landscape.

Meanwhile, the transcontinental railroad and the proponents of Manifest Destiny brought ever-increasing numbers of European Americans westward to experience the wonders of the frontier. Despite controversy over Native American displacement, this exalted new world was for many an untouched Eden that offered the possibility of communion with the Divine. All of this fervor was a growing threat for Yosemite, alarming naturalists who sought to protect this sacred place.

Yosemite Falls is one of the highest waterfalls in North America.

作皆取材自該地，描繪了這座山谷之美，畫境超凡，彷彿 能看見神性的存在。 與此同時，縱貫美洲大陸的鐵路系統建設，以及 19 世紀天命論（Manifest Destiny）的擁護者大增，人們 紛紛大舉西進，前來親眼見識此地。儘管原住民被迫移

PRESERVING YOSEMITE’S GLORY Roughly 15 years after Westerners entered Yosemite Valley, it became clear that great efforts would be necessary to protect it. Overgrazing, logging, and poaching were growing threats to the area and its wildlife.

In 1864, Sen. John Conness introduced a park bill to cede Yosemite Valley to California. The Yosemite Grant passed both houses of Congress and was signed

by President Abraham Lincoln on June 30, 1864.

Nonetheless, this legislation was weak, and didn’t provide authority to evict homesteaders or stop private interests from harming the valley.

居的議題飽受爭議，但人們對此「 新世界 」的描繪，猶如 對一座未受破壞的伊甸園之神往，這美好之地，保留與 上天溝通的可能。然而，這如浪潮般的喜愛與情感投射 也化作威脅，促使許多自然主義者用盡辦法來保護這片 自然「 聖地 」。 捍衛榮光 約莫在這些新移居者進入優勝美地山谷地區的15年後，人 們意識到，必須花費巨大的努力來保護它。當地居民過度 放牧、伐木，以及偷獵行徑，對該地的野生環境構成威 脅。1864年，參議員John Conness引薦一條公園法案， 將此地歸入加州管轄。該法案於參眾兩院通過，並由林肯 │51

A dramatically beautiful view of Half Dome as seen from Glacier Point.

In 1890, famed naturalist and writer John Muir was one of the central lobbyists who succeeded in convincing Congress to set aside hundreds of square miles for Yosemite National Park. To Muir’s chagrin, the focal point of the park, Yosemite Valley, was still under California’s control. Muir, a cherished American figure, knew that the area was still under continual threat of being commercially exploited. This changed when he helped persuade President Theodore Roosevelt to sign the American Antiquities Act of 1906, which brought all of Yosemite under federal protection.

Many historians feel it was Roosevelt’s 1903 trip to Yosemite, where he spent time with Muir, that fueled his efforts to ensure the protection of the area. Muir’s passionate prose about the Sierras touched the hearts of many Americans. He knew Yosemite better than anyone, having tirelessly and joyfully explored much of the park’s lands—even his theory that glaciers had carved out the u-shaped granite valley during the last ice age was later proven correct, though it was ridiculed by geologists at the time. When Roosevelt visited the man who was so intimately acquainted with Yosemite, they explored the valley, hiked to Glacier Point (7,000 feet up), and camped in the snow after a snowstorm.

Roosevelt wrote about the occasion, “It was like lying in a great solemn cathedral, far vaster and more beautiful than any built by the hand of man.”

Yosemite has received plenty of attention in its relatively short time as an American National Park. Fast forward to the late 1900s, and despite federal oversight, there were 1,300 buildings in Yosemite Valley, and 17 acres of the valley floor were covered by parking lots. While Muir may have found these developments distasteful, it was also well understood that in time Yosemite would be visited by millions. The first car entered Yosemite Valley in 1900, and today millions of people drive in every year. The ease of access allows modern Americans to simply pull up to some of the park’s most iconic views—locations that once required days of horseback riding to reach. There are pros and cons to these sorts of changes, but the men and women of Yosemite’s National Park Service work tirelessly to protect the area.

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總統於1864年6月30日正式簽署。儘管如此，立法仍不 能有力地遏止農莊主與其他私人掠奪該地資源的活動。 1890 年代，著名的自然學者和作家約翰 · 繆爾等 人，成功說服議會保護這座綿延數百平方英里的國家公 園（ 歸聯邦政府管轄 ）。但因中心點的山谷地區，仍屬 加州治下。直至老羅斯福總統任內，威脅該地自然環境 的各種商業行徑，終於有了改變。 1906 年，總統簽訂了 美國古蹟保護法（Antiquities Act），讓優勝美地得以全 面受聯邦政府保護。 許多歷史學者認為，促成這項法案的通過關鍵，在 於老羅斯福總統於 1903 年親自造訪優勝美地，而隨行的 繆爾更是功不可沒。繆爾不遺餘力地保護自然環境，感動 了無數美國人。他深知，優勝美地的無與倫比，能讓人們 無止盡地探尋。他觀察入微，當時提出一項被眾多地質學 家質疑的理論——在上一個冰河時期，因冰川作用下形成 了 U 型的花崗岩山谷。後來的研究證實了其推論正確。

THE MAGNIFICENCE OF YOSEMITE People can’t help but stare in reverence at El Capitan.

It’s one of the largest exposed granite monoliths in the world, soaring more than 350 stories (3,593 feet) above the valley floor. As documented in the popular film Free Solo, rock climber Alex Honnold risked his life in 2017 to become the first person to climb El Capitan—without a rope. Modern rock climbing was born on the walls of Yosemite; however, most climbers take days (with ropes) to reach El Capitan’s summit and have to sleep suspended on the rock face along the way. Perhaps equally iconic, Half Dome is aptly named for the smooth, round shape that the massive rock formation has on one side, while the other side drops straight down over the edge of a cliff into the glacially carved valley below.

而這一位熟悉優勝美地一切的人，作為老羅斯福總統的嚮 導，帶他深入探索這座自然聖殿，他們爬上冰川峰頂（ 高 7,000 英尺 ），他們還在暴風雪後於該地露營，當時老羅 斯福如此形容： 「 就像徜在一座盛大莊嚴的教堂內，任何 人工建設都無法與其壯闊與瑰麗匹配。」 優勝美地作為美國國家公園，在相對短的時間內獲 得高度關注。 20 世紀晚期，儘管在聯邦政府的監督下， 據統計，當時也已經有 1,300 座建設存在於優勝美地山 谷內，17 英畝山谷平面區，被建成停車場。儘管繆爾對 這些建設反感，但也不難理解，每年有數以百萬計訪客 湧入此地後的需求。自從 1900 年代，首臺車輛開入優 勝美地後，如今每年有數百萬民眾開車前來。當代人駕 著車，便能輕鬆地觀賞優勝美地最具代表性的風景，而 這些觀景區在過去，必須騎著馬，花費數天時間才能抵 達！種種改變，有利有弊，但喜愛它的人們，始終在保 育議題上努力。 │53

(This is Tuolumne Meadows.)

The Merced River runs through a glacially carved canyon within Yosemite National Park and flows into Lake McClure Reservoir.

Yosemite Falls, a three-part waterfall, is one of the highest waterfalls in North America. When the water is flowing at its peak, the 2,425-foot drop creates a thunderous sound across the valley. Other waterfalls in the valley include Bridalveil Fall and Vernal Fall. In spring, Yosemite’s waterfalls pour down hundreds of thousands of gallons every minute. The Merced River flows through the southern part of the park, where one can enjoy breezy meadows while walking among vibrant dogwood trees—and may even be lucky enough to spot a black bear at a distance.

People who want to get away from the crowds can drive out of the valley and up into the park’s alpine high country. There they’ll find the vast Tuolumne Meadows and glacial lakes such as Tenaya Lake. Avid hikers can retrace Muir’s steps on the John Muir Trail, or hike up to heights of 13,000 feet in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Visitors can also walk among some of the oldest living things on earth in one of Yosemite’s three giant sequoia groves. Grizzly Giant in the Mariposa Grove is 54│

天地未言之美 凝視這座地表最大的裸露花崗巨岩酋長岩（El Capitan） 之際，難免心生敬畏。從山谷底層起算，巨岩逾350層樓 高（ 約3,593英尺 ）。攀岩者Alex Honnold挑戰以徒手 攀登（ 無繩索 ），成為史上第一位爬上酋長岩的挑戰者， 這項壯舉的全過程，被拍攝成了奧斯卡得獎紀錄片《Free Solo》。其實，現代攀岩也誕生於優勝美地的岩壁上。多 數的攀岩者採用繩索登上岩峰，並在岩面上過夜，耗費數 日才得以完成全程攀岩。 同樣別具標誌性的半圓之丘（Half Dome），得名 於其中一側是光滑的圓形岩頂，而沿著懸崖邊峭下望的 另一側，是由冰川切割而成的山谷。 優勝美地瀑布（Yosemite Falls），是一座三段式 瀑布，為北美最高瀑布之一。在豐水期，2,425 英尺高的 銀泉傾洩而下，在山谷內產生如雷般的巨響。此外，還 有秀麗的新娘面紗、春之瀑布等。春季，優勝美地的瀑 布每分鐘會瀉下數十萬加侖的水量，美熹德河的流水流 經公園南方，穿越生意盎然的山茱萸樹叢，享受微風輕 拂的草原景致，幸運的話，也可以望見野生黑熊，感受 春天的生機。

IMAGES BY SHUTTERSTOCK AND UNSPLASH.

Top left: Yosemite National Park has an abundance of wildlife, including bears.

Bottom left: Tuolumne Meadows is one of the largest high-elevation meadows in the Sierra Nevada, at at 8,600 feet high.

Right: Grizzly Giant, a 209-foot-high sequoia in the Mariposa Grove. It’s estimated to be 2,900 years old.

a sequoia that measures an incredible 96 feet around its base and is estimated to be about 1,800 years old.

Stephen Mather, the first director of the National Park Service, wrote: “The parks do not belong to one state or to one section. They have become democratized. Yosemite, Yellowstone, and the Grand Canyon are national properties in which every citizen has a vested interest; they belong as much to the man of Massachusetts, of Michigan, of Florida, as they do to the people of California, of Wyoming, and of Arizona.”

It is this American spirit that led the National Parks to become the solemn retreats they still are today.

Visiting Yosemite for the first time is a life-changing experience. People from all walks of life and all over the world are united in their love for Yosemite’s unique magnificence—words can't express the deep effect that its trees, walls, and waterfalls have on us. Through places like Yosemite, we appreciate the sacred interconnectedness of nature, of which we all form a small part. In the words of William Shakespeare, "One touch of nature makes the whole world kin."

若欲遠離人群，可驅車往上行駛至高原處，有一片 名為 Tuolumne 的廣大草原，還有 Tenaya 冰河湖。熱 愛健行的登山客可以踏上約翰 · 繆爾步道，登上海拔高 達 13,000 英尺的內華達山脈地區；遊客還可以穿梭在 地表最古老的紅衫群間，灰熊巨木（Grizzly Giant）是 Mariposa 紅杉林區的著名巨杉，高 96 英尺，樹齡約有 1,800 年。 斯蒂芬 · 馬瑟（Stephen Mather）是國家公園服 務處的首任局長。在任期間，他總結了國家公園的願 景：「 這些公園不屬於任何一州，或任一獨立方，它們 已然民主化，優勝美地、黃石以及大峽谷都是深受每一 位公民喜愛的國家資產，它們屬於麻州人、芝加哥、佛 州人，就如同它們屬於加州、懷俄明州以及亞利桑那州 那般。」國家公園體現美國精神，如今仍是屬於眾人的 休憩勝地。 那些我們在樹林裡、岩壁上，瀑布間獲得的真實觸 動，言語難以盡數，初次造訪優勝美地或許會為您的生 命帶來改變。無論人們從何處來，平日裡過著什麼樣的 生活，都受優勝美地的獨特召喚而聚集於此。我們心懷 感激，與崇高的自然產生共鳴，而我們都屬於這偉岸之 下渺小的一部分。 │55

ELITE HOME

POLIFORM Traditional Italian Mastery in Modern Furniture 人本美學 意式匠心

The Lexington system features a pillar-based bedroom system that allows for wall or ceiling configurations.

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T

he design of your home can reflect your personality, as your choice of furniture is an expression of your lifestyle and taste. Bearing these correlations in mind, Italian-made Poliform strives to achieve harmony and unity in interior design.

Its furniture pieces—sofas, beds, cabinets, and tables— all light up a room with elegance and simplicity.

「 家 」的樣貌展現著屋主獨一無二的性格，家具的選擇則 細訴著使用者的生活品味和態度。在意大利深耕五十年 的Poliform深諳此道，因此致力於將他們打造的每一件 家具與居家空間，達到平衡和諧的美學境界。從沙發至 床具，從櫥櫃至桌椅，皆以簡約而典雅的風格，精緻著 生活的各個角落。 兼具傳統與創新

ADVERTORIAL

TRADITIONS AND INNOVATIONS In 1942, Alberto and Aldo Spinelli and Giovanni Anzani started a family artisan business in the Brianza area, north of Milan and near Lake Como. As the birthplace of Italian furniture design, Brianza is an important source of inspiration for the country’s leading role in the global furniture market.

In the 1970s, after World War II and the development of the Industrial Revolution, people’s lifestyles changed dramatically, and traditional furniture gradually wasn’t able to meet their requirements. Poliform was born in this era, with Alberto Spinelli, Aldo Spinelli, and Giovanni Anzani, turning the family business into a modern brand. The “Poli” part of the name represents diversity—a variety of forms of furniture.

This transformation inherits traditional Italian craftsmanship and pursues excellence and exquisiteness with fresh perspectives. Although Poliform has grown into an international company with branches in 85 countries, each piece of furniture is still made in Italy and subjected to rigorous testing to guarantee longevity and durability.

Poliform源自於1942年Spinelli與Anzani家族開始經營的 小型工作室，其位於意大利北部的布里安（Brianza）， 鄰近科莫湖，自19世紀起，便以家具設計聞名的城鎮，可 謂是意大利家具設計的起源地，奠定著意大利在全球家 具市場上的權威性。 1970年，隨著二戰後世界經濟和工 業的發展，傳統家具已不能滿足人們的生活型態，於是 Alberto Spinelli、Aldo Spinelli 與 Giovanni Anzani表 兄弟三人將家族工作室轉型，兼具傳統與創新的現代家具 品牌「Poliform」就此誕生。 「Poli」 的 意 思 為 多 樣 的，「form」 則 表 示 型 態， 在這兩個詞的碰撞之下，「Poliform」體現 Spinelli 與 Anzani 家族對品牌經營的核心理念。其承接布里安扎 當地歷史悠久的傳統工藝，在現代風格的家居設計中， 始終以意大利古老的手工職人精神，在每一件作品的細 節上追求卓越。即使 Poliform 現已發展成全球化的規 模，但所有的家具都在意大利當地生產製造，所有的原 料、零件皆精挑細選自歐洲供應商，甚至採用與愛馬仕 包相同規格的頂級皮革，來包覆大型家具，加上細緻的 手工車線，在在展現了 Poliform 對於家具永續、耐久 的品質信念。 Poliform 期許創新，同時亦重視傳統，憑藉其對 現代生活方式的趨勢觀察與敏銳度，鎔鑄自文藝復興時

The Lexington system: The shelves and the showcase chests of drawers can be fitted with LED lighting. The lower drawers come in fumé reflecting glass with a track handle in matte champagne finish. │57

Close-up of the shelves made from melamine elm with front and back profile in matte champagne.

The evolution of Poliform showcases openness and flexibility for the modern lifestyle as well as elegance and simplicity. Poliform has decorated the living spaces of many celebrities, and has collaborated with topnotch hotels and condominium complexes in New York City and abroad.

期以來便不斷積澱的意式美學，其風格結合現代與經典 元素，在設計線條中展現意大利深厚的文化內涵。其每 一件設計提案皆引領著家具設計的國際流行趨勢，不僅 是各界名人的御用家具，也是數個全球知名連鎖酒店集 團的合作品牌，從客房的陳設、大廳的櫃檯、餐廳、水 療中心和會議室的家具，皆由 Poliform 量身打造。另 外，曼哈頓多間近年來完工的共有公寓建設，也都採用

MULTIFUNCTIONAL MODERN AESTHETICS While competitors centered on sofa design, Poliform focused on creating more durable pieces with higher-grade and sustainable materials. Combining technical expertise with an entrepreneurial spirit, the founding partners invested in production technologies to offer functional modular systems that would meet shifting social and economic values.

They created a well-designed walk-in closet that meets all aspects of ergonomics. It is one of the company’s signature designs.

Modular and sectional design provides creative interpretations for personalized needs and aesthetics.

Co-designed by Jean-Marie Massaud and Poliform, Lexington is a pillar-based bedroom system that allows for wall or ceiling configurations. The system also provides two-sided compositions, with furniture pieces that are finished on both front and back.

The Lexington night system includes upright pieces in champagne or slate-painted finish to which shelves and drawer units are attached. The system provides a wide range of organizational features, such as trays and racks for trousers, shirts, handbags, and shoes.

Its day system complements the furnishings.

Poliform attaches great importance to family life, and the living room is a crucial space for shared experiences. The pillar finish is available in golden oak and black elm grain, and the interior components are designed to be softer and gentler than the night system cabinets. The f lexible panel space or slide 58│

Polifrom 訂製的室內家具。 多功能性的意式現代美學 如同Poliform是由家人共同創立的存在，「 人 」一直是 Poliform最重視的價值，為了實現個人化的居家設計， 在其他品牌鑽研沙發設計時，Poliform則深耕研發使用 週期長、製作成本更高的櫃體，其對材料的改良創新， 對人體工學的講究，讓櫥櫃成為Poliform最具代表性的 作品。 其新推出的「Lexington」系列家具，是由國際知 名設計師 Jean-Marie Massaud 與 Poliform 研發部門 攜手打造的作品。Massaud 的作品皆以人為本，在機能 上注重人體工學與生活需求，在品質上追求永續，在外 觀上則擅長將優雅的風格與現代簡約的線條融合，他的 設計理念與風格和 Poliform 不謀而合。 Poliform 在 Lexington 系列中展現了嚴謹的工藝 技術與深厚的美學功力，為日常起居創建陳設書櫃，為 私密空間打造收納功能與美感兼具的衣櫃系統，變化豐 富且使用機能多元，在尺寸、功能和外觀層面上，皆提 供了無限的靈活性。其特製的結構立柱系統，可配合空 間的動線，內嵌於牆壁之中，亦可採落地式的設計，置 於空間中央供兩側使用。 為步入式衣帽間和臥室打造的「 睡眠空間陳設 」， 立柱漆面提供了優雅的香檳色系和沉穩的石板色調，搭 配數種木質紋理的鑲板和煙燻色調的玻璃，勾勒出寧靜 的氛圍，讓主人更能在私密空間內更加自在。 Poliform 重 視 家 庭 生 活， 起 居 室 作 為 凝 聚 家 人 情感的核心空間，Poliform 為其打造的「 起居空間陳 設 」，更注重溫馨氛圍的營造。立柱漆面多提供了金橡 木和黑榆木的紋理選擇，內部的組件設計也比夜間系統

Double-sided Lexington bookcases with gold oak and matte champagne floor-to-ceiling uprights, leveling feet in nickel champagne, and storage units equipped with integrated LED lighting.

drawers accommodate various storage needs, and the flip-top door design allows the storage space to be used as a desk. With the built-in LED lighting system, the Lexington bookcase can be utilized for both display and storage, not only for books, but also for collectibles.

Poliform's customized cabinets break through spatial limitations, dividing space while maintaining continuity and unity. Its diversified and extensive range of furniture infuses the Poliform style into everyday life.

LED lighting can be integrated in the shelves.

櫥櫃設計得更為柔和圓潤。靈活的鑲板空間或滑軌式抽 屜，體貼各式收納需求，翻蓋式的門板設計，還能讓收 納空間作為書桌使用。搭配內嵌的 LED 照明系統，讓 Lexington 系統書櫃兼具展示與收納機能，不僅能放置 書籍，亦可作為收藏品的展示櫥窗。 Poliform 的訂製系統櫥櫃突破了空間上的限制，既 可為空間做出區隔，也能串聯住家動線，延續整體風格。 Poliform 家具所呈現的「 意式美學 」，不僅是外型的美 感表現，亦是生活風格的品味。其多元而廣泛的家具品 項將 Poliform 風格融入生活的各個角落，為屋主打造 別緻細膩且獨一無二的「 家 」。

Shelves and drawers meet a variety of storage and display needs, and the flip-top door design allows the storage space to be used as a desk.

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It took 25 years to finish the full-scale renovation.

The Touch of Opulence, the Feel of Royalty

CHAPEL HILL MANSION 凝粹古典風華 紐約奢豪名宅

By Ann Lin

F

ieldston is an affluent neighborhood located on the highest elevation in New York City, in the Riverdale section. It is graced with an abundance of trees, historical buildings, prestigious private schools, and a sense of tranquility, yet it’s only 15 minutes away from the heart of Manhattan.

This historical area is home to many distinctive mansions. Among them, Chapel Hill Mansion is perhaps the most special. The 15,000-square-foot mansion, which sits on 2.5 acres, was built in 1928.

Decades later, in 1987, the Galutens purchased

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紐約市里弗代爾（Riverdale）的 Fieldston 社區，位於 該行政區的至高點，街道上綠樹成蔭，鄰近多所頂級私 校，散發著靜謐清幽的氛圍，且距離曼哈頓市中心僅 15 分鐘的車程。此區交通方便，又能享有都會生活難有的 隱私與寧靜，成為富豪的聚居之地。 在這個充滿歷史文化氣息的古老社區中，有許多別 具特色的住宅林立於此，「Chapel Hill Mansion」便是 其中之一。這是一幢 15,000 平方英尺，共占地 2.5 英 畝的豪宅，1928 年落成後，與紐約一同歷經了許多重要 的時刻，這讓 Chapel Hill Mansion 散發著一種獨特深 幽的魅力。

Left: The hallway to the main bedroom features the best marble like that made exclusively for the Vatican.

Right: Enjoy natural light in the beautiful glass room.

the mansion and took a total of 25 years to finish the full-scale renovation. They built 17 rooms, including a glass house, library, wet bar, walk-in freezer, cocktail lounge, home theater, and a gym with a huge sauna— providing a variety of entertainment. The building has a water treatment system and is equipped with a whole-house generator, so the residents don’t need to worry about power outages.

Chapel Hill Mansion is solidly built and sturdy like a castle. The interior design is especially exceptional.

The Galutens adopted a luxurious style to create the glamorous atmosphere. They hired Plaza Hotel’s ceiling artist to paint each living room, a process that took four years to finish. They used top-quality materials throughout, including the same chandelier for the lobby as the one in the Plaza Hotel, a handcrafted fireplace like one in the White House, three huge Tiffany stained glass windows, limestone walls, and imported marble floor tiles like those in the Vatican. These elegantly restored features give the feel of royalty.

Chapel Hill Mansion 豪 宅 本 體 由 堅 固 的 巨 石 砌 成，因此建築本身牢不可摧，內部共有 17 間單元房，包 含了玻璃溫室、圖書室與附有桑拿功能的健身房，於宅 內就能享有豐富多元的生活。建築配有自動發電設備， 倘若因惡劣氣候出現斷電問題時，也能供給室內用電。 其室內設計則採用古典奢華的風格勾勒豪邸的氣 度，特邀曾為紐約廣場飯店設計的藝術家，操刀每個起 居空間的天花板壁畫，團隊共花費了 4 年才完成。於硬 體裝潢上，皆採用最高規格的建材，大廳採用與紐約廣 場飯店相同款式的華麗水晶吊燈，三面巨大的蒂凡尼彩 色玻璃窗讓室內光影映透著生動的色彩。 6 種頂級玉石 壁爐分布在宅內各個空間內，每一款設計風格皆別具特 色，具有收藏價值，與白宮相同規格的漢白玉浮雕壁爐 便是其中之一。主臥房內側走廊鋪設的彩色大理石，與 梵蒂岡教廷專為教皇行經之路鋪設的建材相同。 ML#3367449 Tel: 516-813-6502 房產經紀人 Michelle Zhao ，專精於豪宅、學區房以及曼哈頓高 級公寓樓的地產買賣的業務，是巴菲特旗下地產公司 Berkshire Hathaway 的頂尖地產專家。其團隊精通多種外語與各地方言， 讓每一位看房者皆能輕鬆享有全方位的一站式服務。 │61

ELITE FOOD

Courtesy of Chris Valdes

ELITE FOOD

LEMON RICOTTA PANCAKES 意式乳酪香檸鬆餅

By Chris Valdes

I

'm “team breakfast,” which means I love making and eating breakfast anytime throughout the day, and I have no shame in it.

My lemon ricotta pancakes are the perfect dish: fluffy, with the perfect amount of sweetness and a lemony punch. This dish is soon to be a favorite in your household as it is in mine.

Since quarantine began, I’ve had to get creative with our household dishes, and everyone was tired of eating typical pancakes. I added some fresh ricotta and the zest and juice of a lemon to make them bright. The star ingredient is the lemon. It amazes me what the juice and zest of just one lemon can do to a dish.

Fresh ingredients will make any spring dish even better. Pass by your local farmers market and pick up a few vibrant lemons, maple syrup, and even some fresh ricotta cheese from the local farm.

INGREDIENTS

DIRECTIONS

2 cups all-purpose flour

In a large bowl, whisk dry ingredients together: flour, baking powder, sugar, and salt. In a separate bowl, whisk together milk, ricotta, and eggs. Stir in vanilla, lemon juice, and zest. Combine the wet and dry ingredients and stir until fully combined.

Melt butter in a medium-size nonstick skillet over medium heat.

Ladle pancake batter onto skillet. Cook until bubbles start to form, about 3 minutes. Flip and cook the other side until golden, another 3 minutes. Repeat with remaining batter.

Serve with maple syrup or syrup of your choice.

Topping ideas: ricotta, milk chocolate, berries, whipped cream, or bananas.

Makes four servings.

1 tablespoon baking powder 2 tablespoons granulated sugar 1 teaspoon salt 3/4 cup whole milk 1/2 cup fresh ricotta 2 large eggs, room temperature 1 teaspoon pure vanilla extract Juice and zest of 1 lemon (no seeds) Butter or cooking spray Maple syrup for topping

Chris Valdes is a chef based in Miami, Florida, and the YouTube host of “Cooking With Chris.”

│63

HONG KONG EGG TARTS 港式蛋塔

By CiCi Li

INGREDIENTS Dough

Filling

12 teaspoons butter,

1 cup (240 grams) hot water 6 tablespoons white sugar 1/2 cup evaporated milk 4 large eggs 1 teaspoon vanilla extract

room temperature 4 tablespoons powdered sugar 1 large egg 2 cups all-purpose flour

DIRECTIONS Egg Tart Shells

Add room-temperature butter to a mixing bowl and whisk with an electric mixer for 2 minutes. Sift in the powdered sugar and whisk for 2 minutes. Add in the egg and whisk. Sift in 1 cup of all-purpose flour and whisk again. Sift in another cup of flour, and mix with a wooden spoon until a crumbly texture is achieved.

Knead the mixture until it forms a ball of dough, about 3 minutes.

Place the dough in a Ziploc bag and let it rest in the refrigerator for 30 minutes.

On a floured surface, flatten the dough with a rolling pin before rolling it to about 1/5inch thick. Cut out egg tart shells with an egg tart mold or a cookie-cutter. For the leftover dough, combine into a ball, roll it out, and cut it into additional egg tart shells.

Place the dough sheets in the mold. Use your fingers to shape dough so it fits the mold and the edge sits slightly higher than the mold. Chill the finished tart shells in the refrigerator.

In a bowl, dissolve the sugar in 1 cup of hot water. Let the mixture cool for about 30 minutes. Add in the eggs, evaporated milk, and vanilla extract. Whisk together. Strain the mixture twice.

Heat the oven to 400°F. Transfer the molds to a baking pan. Pour the filling into the egg tart shells until about 80 percent full. Place the baking pan on the lower third of your oven, and bake for 10 minutes. lower the heat to 325°F and bake for another 10 minutes. Turn off the oven and open the oven door a bit to allow the tarts to cool and rest for 5 minutes.

64│

PHOTO BY SHUTTERSTOCK

Filling

Bridging

East &West

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