RECLAMATION > REMEDIATION > URBANIZATION a remedial blue-green infrastructure for Alna towards 2050
Diploma project by Emil Nyutstumo Horn, AHO, spring 2015
Diploma project AHO, spring 2015 Emil Nyutstumo Horn Supervisor: Marianne Skjulhaug Secondary supervisor: Geir Nummedal
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THANKS TO
I would like to give a big thank you to everyone that has in some way, in different phases, contrbuted to this project. Some as experts in research and analysis work, and some for giving direct feedback to the project.
Marianne Skjulhaug and Geir Nummedal for supportive supervision and helpful feedback. Vidar Berget, leader, Alnaelvas Venner. Arne Bergsgard, Unit Manager, Groruddalsenheten, PBE Oslo Kommune. Tomas Aasved Hjort, Architect, Verdensrommet. Per Pedersen, Head Engineer, Jernbaneverket. Ken Bang, Terminal Manager, RailCombi AS. And a big thanks to the rest of the spring diploma class of 2015 for valuable feedback and discussion.
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CONTENTS
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thanks to contents 7 INTRO 9 population growth 10 Groruddalen under pressure 11 Alna next in line 12 blue-green disconnection 13 project statement 15 SITE 16 site map 18 Alnabru Terminal 19 the E6 highway 20 Alfaset cemetary 21 Alna River 22 waste landscape 23 wasted landscape 29 car landscape 31 building structures 39 RECLAMATION > REMEDIATION > URBANIZATION 40 method 44 process 46 inspirational litterature 48 project timeline 50 soil pollution 51 strategic phytoremediation 52 phytoremediative vegetation character 68 building mass transformation 69 transformation / afteruse 70 alna phytocenter + E6 buffer 73 recreational space / educational space 74 plan 75 plan elements 76 sections: Kjelsrud 82 sections: Metallco / Stubberud 88 sections: Stubberud /E6 94 phytoremediation filtration ponds 96 terminal riverwalk
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INTRODUCTION
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Reclamation > remediation > urbanization (hereafter RRU for short) emanated from a personal search for alternative strategies of developing new urban areas, or even in densifying old ones in the Norwegian context. Too often, when talking about infrastructure in an urban context, city developers are thinking about roads. In the same way, the city planners is starting with the roads when planning for urban development. What if a remedial blue-green structure could instead be the starting point?
RRU is a specific proposal of a landscape design, yet more importantly it is a discourse about a possible new way of thinking urban development in polluted Scandinavian areas. The timeframe for the project is set towards 2050, as Oslo municipality has in their official municipal area plan set this timeframe for densifying Oslo inwards. Thus, the project is phased in three points in time, often also closely related to the three themes: reclamation, remediation, and urbanization. These three points in time will also appear throughout in the project material:
2015: the existing situation. 2025: the stratetic intervention, and design proposal. 2050: future potential.
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28 840 norwegians move to Oslo annually from other parts of the country.
16 400 foreigners move to Oslo annually. [Statens SentralbyrĂĽ, numbers from 2013]
7B 6B 5B
2015
2050
2015
2050
54,2%
66,7%
80,5%
86,9%
4B 3B 2B 1B 10.000 BC
0 AD
2015
Exponential population growth
% of the words population living in urban areas.
% of Norways population living in urban areas.
[UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs]
[UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs]
[UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs]
The world population is increasing exponentially. In addition more and more people live in urban areas. This is posing big challenges for how we are dealing with rapid growth the urban context. Oslo is one of the cities expecting the most rapid population growth in the near future. [Statens SentralbyrĂĽ]
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2015 2015 population
rs ea
e ot
g 040 al 2 i t n
Groruddalen is under pressure
rowth
Oslo municipality’s current Strategical Area Plan Towards 2050 strongly suggest that the areas in the valley bottom of Groruddalen is going to have to take most of the expected urban growth.
is estimated to grow to Oslo
[Oslo kommune, kommuneplan plandel 2013]
318.600
in 2
5
y
p
635.000
2040 high growth estimate
ale
to nt
mo ving mo
a re th
n th
. of.. ion ulat p o p tire e en
that
is e
qu iv
[Statens SentralbyrĂĽ]
ipa
953.600
nic
2040 medium growth estimate
mu
828.820
lo
2040 low growth estimate
Os
758.179
lity
2040
Bergen city population 275.112 [Statens SentralbyrĂĽ, 1. jan 2015]
...
ll i nt oG
a
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roru ddalen
Stovner Grorud
Bjerke
Alna
Hovinbyen
Inner city
Alna next in line In a 2030 perspective, Oslo municipality is focusing heavily on development from the inner city and outwards. Hovinbyen is the collective name of the large area between the inner city and Grorruddalen, and is the area currently undergoing major changes. As the municipality plans show, Alna will be part of the 2050 area of focus. [Oslo kommune, kommuneplan plandel 2013]
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Blue-green disconnection
Alnsjøen
Alna has the longest stretch of piped river in Groruddalen in addition to a lot of disconnections and unaccessibility to the river. This illustrates the big potential of re-connection as a core in future development.
Grorud
Alna
Oslo S KvĂŚrnerbyen
green structure connected to the river connected pedestrian path urban riverwalk completely unaccessible river stretch piped river
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PROJECT STATEMENT
The project Reclamation > Remediation > Urbanization proposes a new remedial blue-green, soft infrastructure as a strategic backbone of a future 2050 liveable urban situation in Alna. RECLAMATION The site of the project is strategically selected as it is a landscape of pollution, hard infrastructures, logistics and ecological disconnections. RRU proposes to reclaim this landscape and reconnect a missing link in the blue-green system. Equally important is also what to not to “reclaim”. In a 2050 mindset, some of the structures in the area is very likely to still have great value, like the Alnabru container terminal and the E6 highway. Therefore RRU is seeking to deal with the problems and potentials of having these structures next to a housing area through my design, rather than to change their function. Premises for the project is therefore establishing a new blue-green infrastructure, while keeping the most important existing infrastructures of today. REMEDIATION The Alna landscape is severely polluted, and before any housing, schools or kindergartens can be built, pollution has to be minimized. The chosen method of remediation is through re-vegetating the area; phytoremediation. Plants have the ability of both absorbing pollutants from soil and water, filter polluted air, and reduce noise pollution. In a 2050 time-frame this remediation method has the potential to be the perfect solution. As a symbol of change, the Alna shopping center is transformed to an institution connected to the Oslo botanical garden and UiO (University of Oslo) providing educational value, maintaining the vegetation and doing research on phytoremediation in the Norwegian climate. URBANIZATION Oslo’s population is predicted to grow immensely. In this project, the term urbanization largely translates to creating a place where people will want to live, as a result of RRU’s reclamation and remediation strategies. In the chosen timeframe of 2050 the project will attempt to show the future potential of my the 2025 strategy. The shown potential is not intended as specific proposals, but rather as possible outcomes and as a flexibility in how my design can improve a living situation in a long-term.
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SITE
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05
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02
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01
Alfaset
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08
07
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09
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Kjelsrud
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Alnabru
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14
Stubberud
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01 Ă˜stre Aker vei 02 Container terminal consolidation crane area 03 Alna River Alfaset culvert descent 04 Alna River park 05 Tollpost globe (major consolidator) 06 Bring’s new logistic terminal (major consolidator under construction) 07 Alna local train station 08 Alnabru terminal 09 Posten (major consolidator) 10 Alfaset cemetary 11 Nedre Kalbakkvei 12 Schenker (major consolidator) 13 Alna River (no pedestrian access) 14 Alna River (short stretch of river walk) 15 Alnabru single housing area 16 Alna shopping center 17 E6 highway 18 Alna River Breivoll culvert 19 Haugerud T-bane 20 Stubberudfeltet 21 Strømsveien 22 Stubberudmyra 23 Kjelsrud
Breivoll 17
ALNABRU TERMINAL The Alnabru Terminal is an intermodal container railway terminal. The terminal is processing approximately 620.000 TEU’s (twenty-foot equivalent unit) yearly, making it one of Scandinavia’s busiest intermodal terminals. There has previously been suggestions to move the terminal out of the city to free valuable land for urban development. But the idea has been deemed unfeasible, and rejected. The terminal has such a big economic importance to the city, region and nation, and it will remain in its current location for the overseeable future.
View seen from Nedre Kalbakkvei, Alfaset. The new Bring logistics center can be seen to the left.
Alnabru terminal
Alnabru terminal 2050? The advantages of having a terminal this central in the city heavily outweighs the drawbacks. Not only is it a heavy economic generator for the entire region, but it also reduces pressure on the road system, making it environmentally friendlier than a terminal outside the urban fabric. A premiss for this project will be keeping the terminal.
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THE E6 HIGHWAY
E6
View seen pedestrian bridge by Breivoll.
E6 2050? Even though the E6 is the cause of heavy noise and air pollution, I do not see the future without it. A premiss for this project will be keeping the E6 highway, but to maximize the livability in proximity to the highway through remediative design.
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ALFASET CEMETARY Alfaset cemetary
The cemetary is a greenspace that is not required to be accessible at all times, it can be closed off. It is an entity of its own, and I choose not to modify this space in my design. It still serves an important fuction in an urban situation, which I see as a good thing in my project.
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ALNA RIVER
Alfaset
Unaccessible river strech
Breivoll
Alfaset: the river falls into a culvert, underneath parts of the terminal area.
Breivoll: the river re-appeares on the other side of the E6.
Alna River 2050? 2m
Break in the hydrological infrastructure: Fish which once used this hydrological infrastructure, can not pass the barrier at Alfaset.
Can the river be daylighted, reconnecting a broken ecological link, while providing recreational space for people?
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WASTE LANDSCAPE Metallco AS, a metal scrapyard company where the current use is a very likely cause of soil pollution. Still, most of the pollution come from previous industrial use, and landfills.
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WASTED LANDSCAPE Horisontal development, “leftover” space and open areas.
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CAR LANDSCAPE There is a close to non-existing pedestrian and bicyle system established in the area. The pedestrian is traveling on the cars premesis.
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BUILDING STRUCTURES The apparent qualities of the building mass varies to some degree, but in general, the building mass is mostly very light, almost temporary structures.
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Alna shopping centre: a shopping mall almost exclusive to those who drive a car there.
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Alnabru single housing area.
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RECLAMATION > REMEDIATION > URBANIZATION
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METHOD Identifying strategic sites Identifying pollutants
From the pollution studies, sub-sites with specific pollution “fingerprints� is identifiable.
Alna is a site with major pollution issues. Both from todays use, like metal scrapyards and a major road system, but also from old use, like the Stubberud landfill. 1
(see attachment booklet)
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8
3
7 2
6 9
Building a remediation plant database Compiled from different sources, I collected the plants that has proven to be remediative in some way, and can survive in the norwegian climate. (see attachment booklet)
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5 10
3
3
Site specific remediative efficiency
2025: Remediative planting and spatial character
Crosschecking the pollution fingerprints with the plants capable of remediating these pollutants, allows us to see which plant species can have an especially remediative effect in the specific site. The darker the dots next to the plant species in the diagram, the more pollutants it can accumulate.
As a result from the efficiency analysis, a certain character is revealed on each site. Efficiency is important, but sometimes also other factors must be taken into consideratrion, like certain plant properties such as growing conditions and special tolerances or combinations of pollutants accumulated. I have chosen to show how only a few species can give the site a specific character, like in this example, with sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) and ferns (Dryopteris erythrosora).
pollution fingerprint 3
ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS COPPER ETHYLBENZENE LEAD PCB PHTHALATES TRICHLOROETHYLENE
Methane pump harvesting Biodegradation through sparging Chemical injection Acer saccharinum Agrostis capillaris L. Amorpha fruticosa Andropogon gerardii Artemisia frigida Athyrium yokoscense Atriplex hortensis Avena sativa Betula nigra Betula pendula Bouteloua curtipendula Cercis canadensis Chrysanthemum x morifolium Cucurbita pepo Cynodon dactylon Deschampsia caespitosa Distichlis spicata Dryopteris erythrosora Elaeagnus angustifolia Festuca arundinacea Fraxinus Gleditsia triacanthos Guercus gambelii Helianthus annuus Iris germanica Iris pseudacorus Lemna minor Liriodendron tulipifera Littorella uniflora Lolium perenne Maclura pomifera Medicago sativa Morus rubra Nymphaea odorata Pascopyrum smithii Phalaris arundinacea Phragmites australis Pinus nigra Pinus taeda Polygonum lapathifolium Populus deltoides Populus maximowiczii Populus tremuloides Potamogeton crispus Quercus palustris Raphanus sativus Rhus typhina Salix alba Salix alba ‘Tristis’ Salix exigua Salix nigra Salix pentandra Spartina pectinata Thlaspi caerulescens Trifolium repens Triticum aestivum Typha latifolia Urtica procera
2050: Future potential How can the new urban development in the area benefit from these spaces? These green spaces and new ecology is the deciding factor in how urbanity will intervene.
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phytoremediation
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Very toxic to water organisms [miljøstatus.no]
toxicity
[miljøstatus.no]
Highly carcinogenic
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As Arsenic 74.922
Arsenic
Helianthus annuus
Arsenic
Manganese
Cadmium
Nickel
Chromium
Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB)
Copper
Zinc
method quantity
Phytoextraction
Hyperaccumulator
Rhizofiltration
[http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/ d8/Helianthus_annuus_0001.JPG]
accumulated toxins
Lead
spatial character
Helianthus annuus
tolerance
Sunflower
sun
Clay tolerant High hp tolerant
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PROCESS
Some sketches level which sustained exposure may result in hearing loss
average 24 hour noise level
= >80 dB
= 85 dB
[dangerousdecibels.org]
[Miljøstatus.no]
yearly middle value
NO 2 “safe air” value
= <40 µg/m 3 [Norwegian Environment Agency, 2014]
PM 10
yearly middle value
NO 2
dust particles
= >50 µg/m 3
nitrogen dioxide
= >50 µg/m 3
small vegetational buffer of non-strategical planting
E6 highway
parking area storage building
runoff water from hard surfaces containing oil and petroleum products from transportation
polluted soil by old landfills and both old and new industrial use
redistributed soil as topographic buffer, reducing noise pollution
tall vegetation filtering polluted air, picking up dust particles and releasing oxygen
intensive phytoremediation
intensive phytoremediation
new topography opens for pedestrian connections and lidding across the E6 highway
safe soil pollution levels
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PM10 “safe air” value
= 3 <20 µg/m [Norwegian Environment Agency, 2014]
Topographic landscape + concept model
Alfaset River culvert Stubberud
Trosterud
Terminal Alna shopping mall
E6
Breivoll
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INSPIRATIONAL LITERATURE
LANDSCAPE OF CONTEMPORARY INFRASTRUCTURE Kelly Shannon and Marcel Smets NAi Publishers, Rotterdam, 2010
DROSSCAPE: WASTING LAND IN URBAN AMERICA Alan Berger Princeton Architectural Press, New York, 2006
LANDSCAPE INFRASTRUCTURE SWA Birkhauser Verlaag GMBH, Basel, 2013
MANUFACTURED SITES: RETHINKING THE POST-INDUSTRIAL LANDSCAPE Niall Kirkwood Taylor & Francis, New York, 2001
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PROJECT TIMELINE
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49
SOIL POLLUTION PCB
82
Pb Lead 207.2
Methane (Aliphatic hydrocarbon)
24
Cr
Ethylbenzene
Chromium 51.996
STUBBERUD LANDFILL (1947 - 1963)
27
Co Cobalt 58.933
28
Ni
Nickel 58.693
PAH
Tuolene
Naphthalene
80
Hg
29
Mercury 200.59
30
Cu Copper 63.546
Benzene
Zn Zinc 65.39
Trichlorethene 33
As
Phtalates
50
Arsenic 74.922
48
Cd
Cadmium 112.411
STRATEGIC PHYTOREMEDIATION SITES 1
4
8
3
7 2
6 9
il so on l l fi ti nd ribu a L ist d re 3
STRATEGIC SITES intensive phytoremediation
5 10
3
intensive phytoremediation + buffer zone
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Methane pump harvesting Biodegradation through sparging
PHYTOREMEDIATIVE VEGETATION CHARACTER
pollution fingerprint 1
ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS ARSENIC BENZENE CADMIUM CHROMIUM COPPER LEAD MERCURY NICKEL PAH PCB PHTHALATES TRICHLOROETHYLENE ZINC 52
Acer saccharinum Achillea millefolium Agrostis capillaris L. Alyssum wulfenianum Amaranthus retroflexus Amorpha fruticosa Andropogon gerardii Artemisia frigida Athyrium yokoscense Atriplex hortensis Avena sativa Betula nigra Betula pendula Bouteloua curtipendula Cercis canadensis Chrysanthemum x morifolium Claytonia perfoliata Cucurbita pepo Cynodon dactylon Deschampsia caespitosa Distichlis spicata Dryopteris erythrosora Elaeagnus angustifolia Elymus canadensis Festuca arundinacea Fraxinus Gleditsia triacanthos Guercus gambelii Hedera helix Helianthus annuus Iris germanica Iris pseudacorus Juncus effuses Lemna minor Liriodendron tulipifera Littorella uniflora Lolium perenne Lupinus albus Maclura pomifera Medicago sativa Morus alba ‘Platanifolia’ Morus rubra Nymphaea odorata Pascopyrum smithii Phalaris arundinacea Phragmites australis Pinus nigra Pinus taeda Polygonum lapathifolium Populus deltoides Populus maximowiczii Populus tremuloides Potamogeton crispus Quercus palustris Raphanus sativus Rhus typhina Salix alba Salix alba ‘Tristis’ Salix exigua Salix nigra Salix pentandra Scirpus acutus Silene vulgaris Spartina pectinata Spirodela polyrhiza Thlaspi caerulescens Trifolium repens Triticum aestivum Typha latifolia Urtica procera Viola spp. Zostera marina
Salix alba ‘Tristis’ Typha latifolia Pascopyrum smithii Phalaris arundinacea Thlaspi caerulescens Lolium perenne Elymus canadensis Phragmites australis Avena satitva Salix alba Salix alba ‘Tristis’ Salix exigua Salix nigra Salix pentandra Acer saccharinum
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Methane pump harvesting
pollution fingerprint 2
ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS ARSENIC CADMIUM CHROMIUM COPPER LEAD MERCURY NICKEL PCB ZINC
54
Acer saccharinum Achillea millefolium Agrostis capillaris L. Alyssum wulfenianum Amaranthus retroflexus Amorpha fruticosa Andropogon gerardii Artemisia frigida Athyrium yokoscense Atriplex hortensis Avena sativa Betula nigra Betula pendula Bouteloua curtipendula Claytonia perfoliata Cucurbita pepo Cynodon dactylon Deschampsia caespitosa Distichlis spicata Dryopteris erythrosora Festuca arundinacea Fraxinus Gleditsia triacanthos Guercus gambelii Helianthus annuus Iris germanica Iris pseudacorus Juncus effuses Lemna minor Liriodendron tulipifera Littorella uniflora Lolium perenne Lupinus albus Maclura pomifera Medicago sativa Morus alba ‘Platanifolia’ Morus rubra Nymphaea odorata Pascopyrum smithii Phalaris arundinacea Phragmites australis Pinus nigra Pinus taeda Polygonum lapathifolium Populus deltoides Populus tremuloides Potamogeton crispus Raphanus sativus Rhus typhina Salix alba Salix alba ‘Tristis’ Salix nigra Salix pentandra Silene vulgaris Spartina pectinata Spirodela polyrhiza Thlaspi caerulescens Trifolium repens Triticum aestivum Typha latifolia Urtica procera Viola spp. Zostera marina
Helianthus annuus Dryopteris erythrosora Thlaspi caerulescens
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Methane pump harvesting Biodegradation through sparging Chemical injection
pollution fingerprint 3
ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS COPPER ETHYLBENZENE LEAD PCB PHTHALATES TRICHLOROETHYLENE
56
Acer saccharinum Agrostis capillaris L. Amorpha fruticosa Andropogon gerardii Artemisia frigida Athyrium yokoscense Atriplex hortensis Avena sativa Betula nigra Betula pendula Bouteloua curtipendula Cercis canadensis Chrysanthemum x morifolium Cucurbita pepo Cynodon dactylon Deschampsia caespitosa Distichlis spicata Dryopteris erythrosora Elaeagnus angustifolia Festuca arundinacea Fraxinus Gleditsia triacanthos Guercus gambelii Helianthus annuus Iris germanica Iris pseudacorus Lemna minor Liriodendron tulipifera Littorella uniflora Lolium perenne Maclura pomifera Medicago sativa Morus rubra Nymphaea odorata Pascopyrum smithii Phalaris arundinacea Phragmites australis Pinus nigra Pinus taeda Polygonum lapathifolium Populus deltoides Populus maximowiczii Populus tremuloides Potamogeton crispus Quercus palustris Raphanus sativus Rhus typhina Salix alba Salix alba â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Tristisâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Salix exigua Salix nigra Salix pentandra Spartina pectinata Thlaspi caerulescens Trifolium repens Triticum aestivum Typha latifolia Urtica procera
Pinus nigra Pinus taeda Lolium perenne
57
Methane pump harvesting
pollution fingerprint 5
ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS BENZENE NICKEL PAH PCB
58
Acer saccharinum Alyssum wulfenianum Amaranthus retroflexus Andropogon gerardii Atriplex hortensis Avena sativa Betula nigra Betula pendula Bouteloua curtipendula Chrysanthemum x morifolium Elymus canadensis Festuca arundinacea Fraxinus Hedera helix Helianthus annuus Liriodendron tulipifera Maclura pomifera Medicago sativa Morus rubra Pascopyrum smithii Phalaris arundinacea Phragmites australis Pinus nigra Pinus taeda Populus deltoides Populus maximowiczii Raphanus sativus Rhus typhina Salix alba Salix alba â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Tristisâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Salix nigra Scirpus acutus Thlaspi caerulescens Trifolium repens Triticum aestivum Typha latifolia Urtica procera
Betula pendula Phalaris arundinacea Chrysanthemum x morifolium
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Methane pump harvesting
pollution fingerprint 7
ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS LEAD PAH PCB
60
Acer saccharinum Agrostis capillaris L. Amorpha fruticosa Andropogon gerardii Athyrium yokoscense Atriplex hortensis Avena sativa Betula nigra Betula pendula Bouteloua curtipendula Cucurbita pepo Cynodon dactylon Deschampsia caespitosa Distichlis spicata Dryopteris erythrosora Elymus canadensis Festuca arundinacea Fraxinus Gleditsia triacanthos Guercus gambelii Helianthus annuus Lemna minor Liriodendron tulipifera Littorella uniflora Lolium perenne Maclura pomifera Medicago sativa Morus rubra Pascopyrum smithii Phalaris arundinacea Phragmites australis Pinus nigra Pinus taeda Polygonum lapathifolium Populus deltoides Populus tremuloides Potamogeton crispus Rhus typhina Salix alba Salix alba â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Tristisâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Salix pentandra Trifolium repens Triticum aestivum Typha latifolia Urtica procera Viola spp.
Triticum aestivum Populus deltoides
61
Methane pump harvesting
pollution fingerprint 8
ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS LEAD ZINC
62
Agrostis capillaris L. Amaranthus retroflexus Amorpha fruticosa Athyrium yokoscense Avena sativa Bouteloua curtipendula Cucurbita pepo Cynodon dactylon Deschampsia caespitosa Distichlis spicata Dryopteris erythrosora Festuca arundinacea Gleditsia triacanthos Guercus gambelii Helianthus annuus Iris germanica Lemna minor Littorella uniflora Lolium perenne Medicago sativa Pascopyrum smithii Phragmites australis Polygonum lapathifolium Populus deltoides Populus tremuloides Potamogeton crispus Salix alba â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Tristisâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Salix nigra Salix pentandra Silene vulgaris Thlaspi caerulescens Trifolium repens Triticum aestivum Typha latifolia
Avena sativa Bouteloua curtipendula Festuca arundinacea Pascopyrum smithii Phragmites australis Salix alba â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Tristisâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Salix nigra Salix pentandra
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pollution fingerprint 10
AQUATIC/WETLANDS PLANTS
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Acorus calamus Iris pseudacorus Lemna minor Littorella uniflora Nymphaea odorata Phragmites australis Potamogeton crispus Scirpus acutus Spirodela polyrhiza Typha latifolia Zostera marina
Acorus calamus Iris pseudacorus Lemna minor Littorella uniflora Nymphaea odorata Phragmites australis Potamogeton crispus Scirpus acutus Spirodela polyrhiza Typha latifolia Zostera marina
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pollution fingerprint 4
ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS COPPER LEAD NICKEL PAH ZINC
66
Methane pump harvesting
Methane pump harvesting
Agrostis capillaris L. Alyssum wulfenianum Amaranthus retroflexus Amorpha fruticosa Andropogon gerardii Artemisia frigida Athyrium yokoscense Avena sativa Betula pendula Bouteloua curtipendula Cucurbita pepo Cynodon dactylon Deschampsia caespitosa Distichlis spicata Dryopteris erythrosora Elymus canadensis Festuca arundinacea Gleditsia triacanthos Guercus gambelii Helianthus annuus Iris germanica Iris pseudacorus Lemna minor Littorella uniflora Lolium perenne Medicago sativa Morus rubra Nymphaea odorata Pascopyrum smithii Phalaris arundinacea Phragmites australis Pinus taeda Polygonum lapathifolium Populus deltoides Populus tremuloides Potamogeton crispus Raphanus sativus Rhus typhina Salix alba ‘Tristis’ Salix nigra Salix pentandra Silene vulgaris Spartina pectinata Thlaspi caerulescens Trifolium repens Triticum aestivum Typha latifolia Urtica procera
Acer saccharinum Agrostis capillaris L. Amorpha fruticosa Andropogon gerardii Athyrium yokoscense Atriplex hortensis Avena sativa Betula nigra Betula pendula Bouteloua curtipendula Chrysanthemum x morifolium Cucurbita pepo Cynodon dactylon Deschampsia caespitosa Distichlis spicata Dryopteris erythrosora Elymus canadensis Festuca arundinacea Fraxinus Gleditsia triacanthos Guercus gambelii Hedera helix Helianthus annuus Lemna minor Liriodendron tulipifera Littorella uniflora Lolium perenne Maclura pomifera Medicago sativa Morus rubra Pascopyrum smithii Phalaris arundinacea Phragmites australis Pinus nigra Pinus taeda Polygonum lapathifolium Populus deltoides Populus maximowiczii Populus tremuloides Potamogeton crispus Rhus typhina Salix alba Salix alba ‘Tristis’ Salix pentandra Trifolium repens Triticum aestivum Typha latifolia Urtica procera Viola spp.
pollution fingerprint 9
ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS LEAD PAH PCB TOLUENE
Methane pump harvesting
pollution fingerprint 6
ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS CHROMIUM COPPER LEAD PAH ZINC
Agrostis capillaris L. Amaranthus retroflexus Amorpha fruticosa Andropogon gerardii Artemisia frigida Athyrium yokoscense Avena sativa Betula pendula Bouteloua curtipendula Cucurbita pepo Cynodon dactylon Deschampsia caespitosa Distichlis spicata Dryopteris erythrosora Elymus canadensis Festuca arundinacea Gleditsia triacanthos Guercus gambelii Helianthus annuus Iris germanica Iris pseudacorus Lemna minor Littorella uniflora Lolium perenne Medicago sativa Morus rubra Nymphaea odorata Pascopyrum smithii Phalaris arundinacea Phragmites australis Pinus taeda Polygonum lapathifolium Populus deltoides Populus tremuloides Potamogeton crispus Raphanus sativus Salix alba Salix alba â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Tristisâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Salix nigra Salix pentandra Silene vulgaris Spartina pectinata Thlaspi caerulescens Trifolium repens Triticum aestivum Typha latifolia Urtica procera
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BUILDING MASS TRANSFORMATION
PRESERVED existing important terminal buildings new important terminal buildings Alfaset crematorium Old farm houses Existing family housing TRANSFORMATION Alna Shopping center Various industry/logistics/buisnesses DEMOLISHED Various industry/logistics/buisnesses on polluted soil 68
TRANSFORMATION / AFTERUSE
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ALNA PHYTOCENTER + E6 BUFFER 2015 Alna shopping mall
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ALNA PHYTOCENTER + E6 BUFFER 2025 Alna Phytocenter
Alna shopping mall is transformed to Alna Phytocenter. Alna Phytocenter can be connected to Oslo Botanical Garden and UiO (Oslo University), monitoring and maintaining the remediative green structure, and doing research on phytoremediative vegetation and pollutants in the nordic climate. A large-scale institution like this will not only have a strong signal effect on pollution awareness, but can potentially result in research and knowledge benefitting urban development in Oslo, Scandinavia, even the world.
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ALNA PHYTOCENTER + E6 BUFFER 2050 Alna Phytocenter, housing and pedestrian crossings
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RECREATIONAL SPACE / EDUCATIONAL SPACE A phytoremediation system managed by a center like the Alna Phyto Center, who maintains and does research on phytoremediation in the nordic climate, will have great educational value, creating awareness and knowledge of pollution among the people using this green corridor as recreational space.
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Alfaset cemetary
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Alnabru local train station
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Haugerud subway station
scale 1:2500
50m
100m
500m
industrial riverwalk
daylighted river
phytoremediation filtration ponds
WATER SYSTEM
GREEN CORRIDOR
INTENSIVE PHYTOREMEDIATION
fill Alnabru local train station cut
fill
fill
Haugerud subway station
SOIL REDISTRIBUTION
PUBLIC TRANSPORT SPINE
GENERAL PEDESTRIAN NETWORK
MAIN BICYCLE PATHS
TERMINAL CONNECTIVITY
NEW TOPOGRAPHY
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2015
Strategic site 1, Kjelsrud
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77
2025
Strategic site 1, Kjelsrud
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79
2050
Strategic site 1, Kjelsrud
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2015
Strategic site 2, Stubberud / Metallco
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83
2025
Strategic site 2, Stubberud / Metallco
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85
2050
Strategic site 2, Stubberud / Metallco
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87
2015
Strategic site 3, Stubberud / E6
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89
2025
Strategic site 3, Stubberud / E6
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2050
Strategic site 3, Stubberud / E6
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PHYTOREMEDIATION FILTRATION PONDS
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TERMINAL RIVERWALK
The Terminal Riverwalk can provide a close connection to the buzzeling industry of Norways largest intermodal container terminal. The daylighting will provide a reconnected link in the hydrological riverscape letting water organisms travel along the at the same time provide a â&#x20AC;&#x153;shortcutâ&#x20AC;? in the river walk for pedestrians and bicyclists, while the River itself is canaled to have a strict appearance in a limited space, and be a natural divider between terminal activities and people.
trainspotting platform / terminal view
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