Fashion Mapping
Emily Kemp N0684707 Word Count:
2715
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CONTENTS
Introduction
1
Trends and Trend Forecasting Fast Fashion
3 9
Current Trends Slogan Tees Ruffles Athleisure
11 13 15 17
Deconstructed Denim History of Denim High End Fashion Celebrities Shop Safari Street Style
19 21 23 25 27 31
Photoshoot Inspirational Mood Board Practice Photos Magazine Choice Pen Portrait Shoot Considerations
33 34 35 37 38 39
Fashion Editorial
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Conclusion
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Appendices 1- Survey Questions 2- Survey Answers 3- Interviews 4- Consent Forms
49 49 51 58 61
List of Illustrations
63
References
71
Bibliography
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INTRODUCTION
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Throughout this report I will look into the nature, origins and cycle of trends and the forecasting required to make this profitable for brands at different levels of the market. Looking at fashion as a whole I will highlight aspects which have changed throughout the years and the impact the industry has on our environment. Following this I shall explore current trends for S/S17 looking into their points of origin and aspects which has helped propel their rate of adoption, going into greater detail for my chosen trend ‘deconstructed denim’ which I shall also evaluate the level of success of within Nottingham. Finally I shall create a piece of fashion editorial for Nylon magazine with explanation for my styling choices.
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TREND FORECASTING
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‘A trend refers to a general direction or movement’ -(Kim, Fiore and Kim, 2011)
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Life of a Trend Trend Drivers Trend Setters Early Adopters Early Majority Late Majority Conservatives Anti-Innovators
Trend forecasting is considered an art form; a continual, creative process of prediction, but also a science as it requires a number of systematic procedures in order to gather and analyse information about consumers and the market. Trends can come from just about anywhere. Due to this trend forecasters are constantly observing a vast variety of cultural, economic and environmental factors whilst simultaneously detecting changes in consumer behaviour. It’s these different factors which represent the start of the life of a trend; they’re the trend drivers/innovators. Subsequently, conceptual brands translate these points of origin into some kind of tangible product, setting the scene for designers to follow. Fashion leaders, such as Yohji Yamomoto, Alexander McQueen and Gareth Pugh, then adopt these emerging concepts and translate them into products within their field. It’s only after this
merchandise begins to become available to a considerable number of consumers as brands such as Prada, Chanel and Zara follow the trend after witnessing evidence of success from the media or their peers. It’s around this point the trend reaches its peak as the ‘trickle-down theory’ becomes apparent. More widely accessible high street stores, like Asos and Topshop, mimic aspects from the runway and make the trend both more palatable and affordable to the mainstream consumer. It’s between these stages, the early and late majority, that the vast majority of sales take place thus acquiring the highest levels of revenue. It’s due to this that this level of the market has become so highly saturated. The final stages are, the conservatives and antiinnovators (or laggards), those who resist change and may not adopt short-lived fads.
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Timeline
6 Decline
Maturity
Growth
Introduction
Development
Adoption of brands/ Sales Level
Diffusion Theory/Product Life Cycle
Years ago firms generally would only need to recognize and respond to one key trend at a time in order to maximize their profitability. Today, however, 'individualism and personal freedom have relaxed the norms of society and expanded the range of styles adopted' (Kim, Fiore and Kim, 2011) meaning multiple trends are present at any one time which move in and out of fashion at a much faster rate. Firms must follow the trends, suitable to their target consumer, whilst maintaining their brand’s core aesthetic which can lead to the initial trend being presented in a number of different ways.
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However, due to technological advances, the internet and social media are now of great importance for the industry as it opens up a greater number of platforms in which initial ranges can be praised or scrutinized, by bloggers for example, as well as allowing a broader scope of individuals to share their personal experiences, offering a closer look into the fashion industry to the public. This abundance of information and need to stay on top of a growing number of factors has meant ‘major companies are increasingly dependent on trend forecasting and subscribe to materials from more than one forecasting company’ (Kim, Fiore and Kim, 2011) rather than simply looking themselves which previously would have been possible.
The rate of adoption must also be considered by business's, reviewing whether current events will have an impact in the different tiers of fashion in the long or short term. Trends do not always appear from catwalks to the high street within the same season as some take a greater time period to filter through. Alternatively, this filtration process can be propelled by iconic figures (certain designers or celebrities) or trend setting cities such as New York, Paris, London and Tokyo. Media also plays a key role in the rate of adoption as it controls the extent to which each trend is presented and how it's portrayed to the vast majority of consumers. Traditional forms include magazines (incorporating thought provoking photography and insightful articles), newspapers and television.
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Fast Fashion ‘Since fashion can be faddish, speed is essential’ - (Naisbitt and Aburdene, 1990)
Planning and purchases generally take place 6 months to a year prior to each season though due to this errors are often made in the predictions for demand from the market resulting in constant reductions being made in order to remove unwanted stock so it can be replaced with more fashionable items. Alternatively brands will use a 'quick response' tactic; responding to trends as they emerge. This holds lower levels of risk however requires greater relationships with suppliers and can lead to corners being cut, in terms of quality and ethical practices, in an attempt to produce more quickly. This is where the term ‘fast-fashion’ originates as 'fashion consumers expect and thrive on constant change and so new products have to be available on a frequent basis (Barnes and Lea-Greenwood, 2006). A number of issues arise due to this process, such as an increased level of waste, unfair pay to workers often working in unsafe environments and high emission levels as it's 'easier' to produce from unsustainable sources, which has led to the fashion industry becoming the second most polluting industry on the planet.
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“Global communications and marketing, have fuelled demand and higher consumer expectations. This has resulted in faster and faster fashion cycles. This is an unsustainable position for fashion.” (Black, 2008)
“Cheap fashion means disposable fashion, and encourages more consumption, creating a vicious cycle.” (Black, 2008)
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CURRENT TRENDS
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Trends for S/S 17 Slogan Tees Ruffles Athleisure Deconstructed Denim
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Katy Perry
Boohoo Selected
Miss Selfridge Paco Rabanne
Sacai
New Look
Asos Christian Dior
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Slogan Tees Slogan tees have become a way of expressing an individual's view on a subject of importance to them. Recently this has primarily been views on feminism which has been emphasized by the controversial topic of the rise of Trump. A key designer for this being Christian Dior with the tee stating 'We should all be feminists' which has trickled down with similar pieces appearing in high street stores. Statements are generally made bold through either black or red text placed on basic white tees.
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Ruffles Ruffles is a trend which fluctuates in and out of fashion. It originates back to the 16th century with the 'Tudor ruff' being an iconic, statement collar for Queen Elizabeth. Designs appeared on the runway from the likes of Alexander McQueen and Chloe and many others and are now highly present among mainstream consumers in a variety of styles appearing on sleeves, half shoulders, down dresses and even on shoes. The main colour palette keeps to subtle pastel or neutral tones though some do present bolder, brighter colours.
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Marissa Webb
Chloe
Warehouse
Asos Zara
Thornton Bregazzi Boohoo
Miss Selfridge
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Alexander Wang x Adidas
Fenty
Yeezy
Gigi Hadid
Kendall Jenner Rita Ora
Topshop x Beyonce
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Athleisure Athleisure has come about following the health and wellness macro trend. Individuals are taking greater care in their appearance and health and therefore exercising on a more regular basis. Due to this incorporating gym wear into their daily clothing makes this much simpler, and generally comfier, though this has now also become rather fashionable. This has been propelled by certain celebrities as a number of collaborations, such as Rihanna with Fendi and BeyoncĂŠ with Topshop, have been launched as well as others being spotted following the trend on the streets.
The trends addressed show the array of factors that trends can originate from; from political views and social movements, historical reinventions and macro trends and how they can be propelled by the influence of celebrities.
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DECONSTRUCTED DENIM
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The trend I've looked more closely into is deconstructed denim. This includes denim which appears well/overly worn so incorporates holes, rips and fraying but also stitching different denim pieces together as patchwork. Of course ripped and repurposed denim is nothing new though the trend of the 'more-is-more aesthetic' (Linares, 2017) has emerged. There are currently a number of edits titled deconstructed, distressed or restored denim on a number of clothing brands websites such as Levi's, G Star, Asos and Topshop as well as the trend being recognized on multiple reports on WGSN with current key pieces being described as 'trashed jeans with artful rips, large holes and laddered tears' (Trotman, 2017), 'deconstruction and fraying moving forward in spring in bold technique' and 'retro blocking' rolling over from last season (Linares, 2017).
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HISTORY OF DENIM and Origination of Deconstructed Denim The adoption of denim is an example of the bubble up theory. It originated with workers of low class wearing it as uniform due to its sturdiness but over the years has moved up to be seen on the mainstream consumer and eventually appearing on catwalks as high fashion with more exclusive pieces being produced. Denim is now a fabric worn by all classes in a variety of styles; it’s become a staple material in everyone’s wardrobe. Deconstructed denim, in terms of rips and frays, is a more specific example of this theory. Rips were caused by natural wear and tear which indicated poverty as the wearer was unable to afford new jeans. However through the years, denim itself became a sign of rebellion, with the association to iconic figures such as Elvis Presley and James Dean and their defiant nature. So, in turn, following this the trend for rips as fashion arose. Firstly this was taken on by rebellious youths but, again, has worked its way up the fashion hierarchy to now appear on catwalks.
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1800s
The first heavy usage of denim was for trousers for miners and other hard labour workers
1873
Levi Strauss & Co began making jeans. Despite not being the first brand to begin production Levi’s were successful due to the consistency of their marketing
1914
First feature-length Western movies were being made in Hollywood, around this time Levi’s were directing their advertisements at cowboys
1920s
Post WWII
By the 20s, Levi’s were becoming obligatory wear for on-screen parts – before this few were aware of denim outside California – increased visibility inspired new competition The customer base for denim changed dramatically altering from working adult men to leisure-loving teenage boys. This was heavily influenced by the music and film industries with iconic figures wearing denim such as James Dean
1940s
Americans took their favourite jeans overseas
1950s
The era of Rock n Roll: iconic figures such as the king himself, Elvis Presley, enhanced the altering perception of denim, as he often wore jeans off stage, being considered the embodiment of teenage rebellion. From here on denim and jeans have been associated with youth, new ideas, rebellion, and individuality
1960s
The hippie age brought about the ‘decorated denim craze’, personalising jeans with: embroidery, beading, paint and sequins. Jeans were viewed as * “a canvas for personal expression.” - (Downey, Levi Strauss & Co. Historian, 2014)
Late 1970s
1980s
1990s/2000s Early 2000s
Those who followed clothing trends into the late 1970s were quoted in the trade papers with comments such as, “Jeans are more than a make. They are an established attitude about clothes and lifestyle.” - (Montanez, 2016) The first time denim debuted as high fashion with ‘designer jeans’. Initial designers included Sergio Valente, Jordache, Calvin Klein. It was also this period ripped denim first gained interest due to the heavy rock/metal era. Hundreds of new designers began offering denim at various prices and styles. New denim stretch technology brought about skinny jeans which would be worn for casual, evening or work wear.
HIGH FASHION Vetements X Levi’s Vetements have taken the idea of exposing more skin to new heights with their new collaboration piece with Levi's; the 'bare butt' jeans. Rather than revealing more of the leg, which has been the predominant trend, they've reconstructed the jeans and introduced a back zipper to give the option of a hole to reveal the persons bare butt or underwear. Previously, we have seen rips appearing high on the back of the thigh though this is something rather strikingly new and innovative. It's questionable whether it'll be adopted by mainstream consumers or any high street stores as it's very much a statement piece. However, following the 'free the nipple' campaign and similar social movements to allow individuals to wear what they please, no matter how revealing it may be, this could be what's to follow; for it to be seen as socially acceptable to reveal what has always been a rather intimate area.
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Versace “(The collection included) a faded jean jacket with safety-pin fastenings, and ripped, metal-mesh-lined denim.� - (Berlinger, 2017)
Versace's S/S17 collection showed a range of light wash denim pieces with large rips spanning up the full leg of jeans and jackets left with frayed edges. This style is similar to that on the high street, the only real difference being the colour of the denim, opting for a much lighter, almost white, tone rather than the darker colours being seen elsewhere. The shoot for this collection also featured Zayn Malik, in an approach to appeal to the younger consumer, and was shot by his girlfriend, and well known model, Gigi Hadid.
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Gigi Hadid
Eliza Doolittle
Rihanna
Hailey Baldwin
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Kendall Jenner
Kim Kardashian
CELEBRITIES Celebrities seen wearing the trend tend to opt for jeans with such detailing. Larger holes around the knees are being seen typically on mom jeans being used for very casual ensembles with basic tees. Though skinnies still have not lost their place, merely being adapted with a greater number of rips up the thighs revealing more flesh than previously has been seen.
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SHOP SAFARI Online
“Denim is one of the world’s oldest fabrics, yet it remains eternally young.” (Downey, Levi Strauss & Co. Historian, 2014)
Brands offering the trend include Topshop, Missguided, Asos, Zara and Urban Outfitters; those whose target consumer is of the younger demographic. The trend fits a younger audience due to the rebellious nature. Teenagers and young adults feel a strong need for individuality and to express this through their clothing choices, deconstructed denim offers the ability to wear something seemingly customized and difficult to identically replicate. Therefore this trend has emerged ultimately due social attitudes and the current ‘Individualism and Expression’ macro trend.
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In-Store “Ripped jeans and jackets are most popular though we don’t stock the full range in this store.” - [Appendix 3, Interview 3].
My shop safari showed the vast variety of products available fitting the deconstructed denim trend spanning across jeans, jackets, skirts, shorts, shirts, dresses and even shoes. Currently there are many more pieces including large rips and holes and fraying rather than patchwork though this may merely be due to the fact that ripped denim has been more of a trend previously and so is being greatly accepted by consumers but patchwork is yet to achieve its peak. Our survey also showed that rips, large holes and fraying are the most commonly owned detailing on denim. [Appendix 2, Q6]. Though many items are very similar online and in-store, pieces which are much bolder; including larger, more prominent rips and exaggerated fraying, are generally only offered online. While the trend is still highly present in high street stores it doesn’t follow the extremities found on websites suggesting that the trend has not been fully adopted within Nottingham. Even when comparing a specific brands different platforms, such as Topshop, certain items have not been placed within the Nottingham store though it is available online showing that they believe it would not be desirable in this location.
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STREET STYLE “I dress for comfort but also like to look stylish too. I like the rips as it makes it different, I guess a little more unique but is still subtle enough to not be too overpowering for me.�
[Appendix 3, Interview 1].
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[Appemdix 3, Interview 2].
“Fashion is important to me. I like to look stylish... I’d consider buying a deconstructed denim jacket maybe but I like my jeans to be clean cut and fitting.”
DECONSTRUCTED DENIM SHOOT
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Inspiration Mood Board
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Practice Photos
I was inspired by many denim adverts using urban, rustic street settings and felt this fitted well with our trend as it carries through the sense of rebellious youth. From doing this shoot I saw how well the denim worked with the background wall, the colours complimenting the blue but remaining very subtle to keep the clothing as the focus.
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Magazine Choice
Nikki is a 20 year old university student studying at Cambridge who also works in a small local cafĂŠ to help her get by. She's at an exploratory time in her life in which she's discovering who she wants to be. Due to this she tries many different styles in order to find that best suited to her. Her need for individuality usually concludes with her looking into “undergroundâ€? trends to make her stand out and look all the more independent (Hayes, n.d.). She also loves music and has a deep interest in art so visits art museums when possible and attends festivals in summers.
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Pen Portrait
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Shoot Considerations
From studying a number of Nylon magazines I came to the conclusion my editorial must be edgy and playful. Nylon use a variety of layouts and photography, some playing with bright colour and others keeping very minimal. A general theme is often kept across about 6 pages to portray each story. I decided to keep my shoot outside using the streets as to fit with the rebellious association of denim, in part using the location for my practice shoot but also offering some variety by using brickwork and steps to keep a casual feel to the photos. Due to the origin of this trend my aim was to portray a 'modern day rebellion' feel relating for the need to defy conformity and express individuality through clothing choices. Because of this I wanted my model to look very comfortable and self-assured, confident in her selection of deconstructed denim items. This theme also helps market the items towards the younger demographic of which the trend follows and Nylon magazine is aimed towards.
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FASHION EDITORIAL
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Modern Day Rebellion Break away from your pre conceptions of denim, in fact break, rip, tear, fray and re-patch it! Reclaim the overly common fabric as your own by defying convention and destroy the everyday garments. Make it unique to you. Each tear fray and restitch portrays a story, your story. Let your clothes express your individual tale.
photographed by emily kemp. styled by lucy edwards
jacket from topshop, bralet from missguided, accessories from topshop.
jacket from missguided, dress from asos, accessories from topshop.
Deconstruct Your Denim! Whether it be destruction or patchwork pieces, the best way to accompany your deconstructed denim ensemble? Accessorize! Bold aviators, chunky chains and sizable hoops are a sure fire way to complete your statement look.
jacket from missguided, skirt from asos, accessories from topshop.
“Ripped, dishevelled denim is such an open trend. I love taking it day to night making my own statement on it. It adds interest to an outfit, a background story as if the clothing itself has a wondrous, gritty story to tell.�
top from zara, skirt from new look, shoes from topshop, glasses from urban outfitters.
clothing and accessories from topshop.
CONCLUSION Overall deconstructed denim has become a trend following the global movement toward individualism and expression. It's well established among consumers aged 16-30 in terms of exaggerated rips, holes and fraying, primarily on jeans, across online and in store high street platforms, streetwear, celebrities and high fashion.
“…It’s starting to develop as we approach summer… The trend does fair very well within jeans although I feel it’s yet to fully reach its peak for other items” - [Appendix 3, Interview 4]. However, patchwork pieces aren't yet as present as it's a newer trend for the majority of consumes, this is a large area for growth in the near future.
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Deconstructed denim is just one current trend but there are many others, such as slogan tees, ruffles and athleisure, all present, all of which will move out of fashion just as quickly as they came in. The impacts of fast fashion are well known by the companies operating in the industry and are gradually becoming more apparent to consumers however they are still reluctant to change.
"Denim manufacturers, designers and retailers said their efforts to push innovation and promote sustainability are being hampered by a reluctant industry and price-conscious consumers." - (Tran, 2009) The trend of deconstructed denim itself represents the unwillingness of consumer behaviours to change; if sustainability were any part of their purchasing decision they would not opt for jeans which are already ripped but rather the sturdiest they could find so they could last years. To eliminate fast fashion consumers must opt for durable products rather than cheaper alternatives of poor quality which they will wear only a few times before trashing. Brands may take actions to help towards environmental stability however to remain profitable they must follow the demand of consumers. As long as the demand is high for affordable fast fashion the aim for rapid manufacturing shall continue meaning the environment shall continue to suffer; it is consumer behaviours which must change to improve the fashion cycle.
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APPENDICES Appendix 1 - Survey Questions
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Appendix 2 - Survey Answers
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Appendix 3 - Interviews Interview 1
Interview 2
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Interview 3
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Interview 4
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Appendix 4 - Consent Forms
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Edwards, L., Final Shoot: Ripped Jeans with Pink shirt, Gill Street Car Park [Taken: 12:19 10th May 2017].
(Background image) Kemp, E., Final Shoot, Wall Close up, Gill Street Car Park [Taken 12:32 10th MAy 2017]. Denim fashion illustration, (n.d) Available at: http://www.daybeginsatmidnight.com [Accessed 19th May 2017]. Adopter categorisation on the Bars of Innovativeness, (2003), Rogers, Everett M., Available at: http://www. conceptlab.com/notes/rogers-2003-diffusion-of-innovations.html[Accessed 18th May 2017]. Fashion runway, (2016) Aaron Frank, Available at: https://singularityhub.com/2016/10/18/faster-fashionhow-making-clothes-has-become-like-making-software/ [Accessed 31st MAy 2017]. Recycling symbol, (n.d.) Recycling.com, Available at: http://www.recycling.com/downloads/recycling-symbol/[Accessed 19th May 2017].
Watercolour illustration, (n.d.) AntĂłnio Soares, Available at: http://trendland.com/antonio-soares-fashion-illustrations/ [Accessed 22nd May 2017].
Slogan Tees Selected Femme Chic T-Shirt, (2017) Selected, Available at: http://www.asos.com/selected/selected-chict-shirt/prd/7946868?iid=7946868&clr=Whiteblackflock&cid=19825&pgesize=36&pge=0&totalstyles=563 &gridsize=3&gridrow=5&gridcolumn=1[Accessed 19th May 2017]. Katy Perry T Shirt – Happy T Shirt, (2015) Brendan, Available at: http://blog.wuggle.co.uk/trends/celebrity-t-shirts-slogans-get-all-the-attention/[Accessed 19th May 2017]. Boohoo Embellished Slogan T-Shirt, (2017) Boohoo, Available at: http://www.asos.com/boohoo/boohoo-embellished-slogan-t-shirt/prd/8097451?iid=8097451&clr=White&SearchQuery=&cid=19825&pgesize=36&pge=1&totalstyles=562&gridsize=3&gridrow=1&gridcolumn=2 [Accessed 19th May 2017].
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Paco Rabanne S/S 17 Slogan Tee, (2017) Indigital.tv, Available at: http://www.vogue.com/article/slogantees-trend-paris-fashion-week-spring-2017 [Accessed 19th May 2017].
Femme Slogan Tee, (2017) Miss Selfridges, Available at: http://www.missselfridge.com/en/msuk/product/ clothing-299047/tops-299061/femme-slogan-tee-6554523?bi=0&ps=40 [Accessed 19th May 2017]. Sacai S/S 17 Slogan Tee, (2017) Indigital.tv, Available at: http://www.vogue.com/article/slogan-tees-trendparis-fashion-week-spring-2017[Accessed 19th May 2017]. Hun Slogan T-Shirt by Love, (2017) Topshop, Available at: http://www.topshop.com/webapp/wcs/ stores/servlet/ProductDisplay?searchTermScope=3&searchType=ALL&viewAllFlag=false&beginIndex=1&langId=-1&productId=28293943&pageSize=20&defaultGridLayout=3&CE3_ENDECA_PRODUCT_ ROLLUP_ENABLED=N&searchTerm=TS62Z07LWHT&productOnlyCount=1&catalogId=33057&productIdentifierproduct=product&geoip=search&x=25&searchTermOperator=LIKE&sort_field=Relevance&y=11&storeId=12556&qubitRefinements=siteId%3DTopShopUK [Accessed 12th May 2017]. Christian Dior Spring 2017 Ready-To-Wear Collection, (2017) Yannis Vlamos, Available at: http://www.vogue.com/ fashion-shows/spring-2017-ready-to-wear/christian-dior/slideshow/collection#18 [Accessed 12th May 2017].
ASOS TALL T-Shirt With I Am Woman Print, (2017) Asos, Available at: http://www.asos.com/asos-tall/asos-tall-t-shirtwith-i-am-woman-print/prd/8229655?iid=8229655&clr=Black&SearchQuery=&cid=19825&pgesize=36&pge=5&totalstyles=563&gridsize=3&gridrow=3&gridcolumn=3[Accessed 19th April 2017].
Ruffles Warehouse Crepe Ruffle One Shoulder Top, (2017) Asos, Available at: http://www.asos.com/warehouse/warehousecrepe-ruffle-one-shoulder-top/prd/8248863?iid=8248863&clr=Orange&SearchQuery=ruffle&pgesize=36&pge=1&totalstyles=1883&gridsize=3&gridrow=1&gridcolumn=1[Accessed 21st May 2017]. Marissa Webb Spring 2017 Ready-To-Wear, (2017) Marcus Tondo / Indigital.tv, Available at: http://www.vogue.com/ fashion-shows/spring-2017-ready-to-wear/marissa-webb/slideshow/collection#9[Accessed 19th May 2017].
Chloe S/S 17, (2017) Cherry Magazine, Available at: http://www.cherry-mag.com/reports/pfw-ss17-day-3/ [Accessed 19th May 2017]. Zara frilled white top, (2017) Zara, Available at: https://www.zara.com/uk/en/trf/t-shirts/frilled-topc587007p4648009.html [Accessed 12th May 2017}. ASOS Ruffle Front Mini Scuba Dress, (2017) Asos, Available at: http://www.asos.com/asos/asosruffle-front-mini-scuba-dress/prd/8000230?iid=8000230&clr=Mink&SearchQuery=ruffle&pgesize=36&pge=0&totalstyles=1883&gridsize=3&gridrow=6&gridcolumn=1[Accessed 21st May 2017]. ASOS TALENT SCOUT Ruffle Mules, (2017) Asos, Available at: http://www.asos.com/asos/asos-talentscout-ruffle-mules/prd/7703788?iid=7703788&clr=Palepink&SearchQuery=ruffle&pgesize=36&pge=0&totalstyles=1883&gridsize=3&gridrow=8&gridcolumn=1Accessed 21st May 2017]. Miss Selfridge Ruffle Detail Heeled Sandal , (2017) Miss Selfridgehttp://www.asos.com/miss-selfridge/miss-selfridge-ruffle-detail-flat-sandal/prd/7665233?iid=7665233&clr=Blue&SearchQuery=ruffle&pgesize=2&pge=0&totalstyles=2&gridsize=3&gridrow=1&gridcolumn=2 [Accessed 21st May 2017]. Ally Ertel for Preen by Thornton Bregazzi Spring 2017 Ready-To-Wear, (2017) Yannis Vlamos / Indigital.tv, Available at: http://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/spring-2017-ready-to-wear/preen-by-thornton-bregazzi/slideshow/collection#5[Accessed 21st May 2017].
Boohoo Gingham Print Ruffle Sleeve Dress, (2017) Asos, Available at: http://www.asos.com/boohoo/boohoo-gingham-print-ruffle-sleeve-dress/prd/7834723?iid=7834723&clr=Blue&SearchQuery=ruffle&pgesize=36&pge=1&totalstyles=1883&gridsize=3&gridrow=8&gridcolumn=3 [Accessed 21st May 2017].
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Athleisure Alexander Wang (centre) with Adidas models, (2016) Available at: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2016/09/17/the-rise-of-athleisure-how-the-high-street-is-cashing-in-on-offi/ [Accessed 21st May 2017]. Fenty CROPPED CREW NECK T-SHIRT in Bridal Rose, (n.d.) Puma, Available at: http://uk.puma.com/ uk/en/pd/cropped-crew-neck-t-shirt/574691.html?dwvar_574691_color=Bridal%20Rose#start=5 [Accessed 21st May 2017]. Adidas Yeezy Boost 350 V2 Tan, (n.d.) Available at: https://stockx.com/adidas-yeezy-boost-350-v2-whitecore-black-red[Accessed 21st May 2017]. Alexander Wang x H&M, (2014) Available at: http://www.newfashionsociety.com/blog/2014-the-year-infashion [Accessed 21st May 2017]. Gigi Hadid and Kendall Jenner in athleisure, (2015) Splash, Available at: http://www.elle.com/fashion/celebrity-style/news/a32828/gigi-hadid-and-kendall-jenner-cheap-bomber-jacket/[Accessed 21st May 2017]. Boyfriend Style Logo Hoodie by Ivy Park, (n.d.) Topshop, Available at: http://www.topshop.com/en/tsuk/ product/boyfriend-style-logo-hoodie-by-ivy-park-6203414?geoip=noredirect&cmpid=ppc_pla_UK_ip&utm_medium=cpc&tsrc=vdna&istCompanyId=38aa0d7f-6514-4cb3-bbdc-df0d32d48b7f&istItemId=xiwliqalrp&istBid=tztx&gclid=COuvmYrQgdQCFakV0wod3DUM3Q&gclsrc=aw.ds[Accessed 21st May 2017]. Celebs in athleisure, (2015) Jennifer Baumgardner, Available at: http://www.marieclaire.com/fashion/news/ a14753/athleisure-activewear-trend/ [Accessed 21st May 2017].
Deconstrcted Denim Blue Pearl Detail Shredded Denim Jacket, (2017) Missguided, Available at: https://www.missguided.co.uk/ blue-pearl-detail-shredded-denim-jacket-10043653 [Accessed 29 April 2017].
MID-RISE BOYFRIEND JEANS, (2017) Zara, Available at: https://www.zara.com/uk/en/woman/jeans/ boyfriend/mid-rise-boyfriend-jeans-c796019p4346029.html [Accessed 29 April 2017]. MID-RISE SLIM FIT JEANS, (2017) Zara, Available at: https://www.zara.com/uk/en/woman/jeans/viewall/mid-rise-slim-fit-jeans-c719019p4356013.html [Accessed 2nd May 2017]. blue riot high rise fray seam jeans, (2017) Missguided, Available at: https://www.missguided.co.uk/blue-riot-high-rise-fray-seam-jeans [Accessed 29 April 2017]. DENIM CULOTTES, (2017) Zara, Available at: https://www.zara.com/uk/en/trf/shorts/denim-culottesc389503p4458511.html[Accessed 2nd May 2017].
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Celebrities Gigi Hadid, (2017) AKM-GSI, Available at: whttp://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/gallery/celebrities-wearing-ripped-jeans [Accessed 9th May 2017].
Rihanna, (2017) Rex Features, Available at: whttp://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/gallery/celebrities-wearing-ripped-jeans [Accessed 9th May 2017]. Hailey Baldwin & Kendall Jenner, (2017) Rex Features, Available at: whttp://www.glamourmagazine. co.uk/gallery/celebrities-wearing-ripped-jeans [Accessed 9th May 2017]. Eliza Doolittle, (2017) Rex Features, Available at: whttp://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/gallery/celebrities-wearing-ripped-jeans[Accessed 9th May 2017]. Kim Kardashian, (2017) Rex Features, Available at: whttp://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/gallery/celebrities-wearing-ripped-jeans[Accessed 9th May 2017].
Shop Safari (Online) Levi’s 501 Jeans with Patching, (2017) ASOS, Available at: http://www.asos.com/levis/levis-501-jeans-withpatching/prd/7773221?iid=7773221&clr=Raggedlands&SearchQuery=&cid=20252&pgesize=53&pge=0&totalstyles=53&gridsize=3&gridrow=3&gridcolumn=2[Accessed 29 April 2017]. petite pink distressed denim jacket, (2017) Missguided, Available at: https://www.missguided.co.uk/petite-pink-distressed-denim-jacket-10041503 [Accessed 29 April 2017]. MOTO Colour Block Skirt, (2017) Topshop, Available at: http://www.topshop.com/en/tsuk/product/welove-432/statement-denim-6500681/moto-colour-block-skirt-6340788?bi=100&ps=20 [Accessed 29 April 2017]. FLARED HIGH WAIST JEANS, (2017) Zara, Available at: https://www.zara.com/uk/en/woman/jeans/ view-all/flared-high-waist-jeans-c719019p4434046.html [Accessed 2nd May 2017]. MOTO Organza Denim Jacket, (2017) Topshop, Available at: http://www.topshop.com/en/tsuk/product/ we-love-432/statement-denim-6500681/moto-organza-denim-jacket-5968491?bi=120&ps=20[Accessed 29 April 2017]. blue mid rise double layer skirt jeans, (2017) Missguided, Available at: https://www.missguided.co.uk/bluemid-rise-double-layer-skirt-jeans[Accessed 29 April 2017].
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ASOS Denim Jacket in Midwash Blue With Fringed Back, (2017) ASOS, Available at: http://www.asos. com/asos/asos-denim-jacket-in-midwash-blue-with-fringed-back/prd/7332346?iid=7332346&clr=Blue&SearchQuery=&cid=20252&pgesize=52&pge=0&totalstyles=52&gridsize=3&gridrow=9&gridcolumn=2[Accessed 29 April 2017]. DENIM CROP TOP, (2017) Zara, Available at:https://www.zara.com/uk/en/woman/special-prices/tops/ denim-crop-top-c911508p4363527.html[Accessed 2nd May 2017]. Boohoo Patchwork Denim Straight Leg Jeans, (2017) ASOS, Available at: http://www.asos.com/boohoo/boohoo-patchwork-denim-straight-leg-jeans/prd/7561151?iid=7561151&clr=Darkblue&SearchQuery=&cid=20252&pgesize=53&pge=0&totalstyles=53&gridsize=3&gridrow=2&gridcolumn=2 [Accessed 29 April 2017].
Shop Safari (In Store) Kemp, E., Ripped Jeans in Urban Outfitters, Nottingham [Taken: 13:32, 26th May 2017].
Kemp,E., Ripped Denim Jacket in Topshop, Nottingham [Taken: 13:47, 26th May 2017].
Kemp, E., Ripped denim Dungarees in Primark, Nottingham [Taken: 13:23, 26th May 2017].
Kemp, E., Ripped Denim Shorts in River Island, Nottingham [Taken:13:50, 26th May 2017].
Kemp, E., Patchwork Skirt in Urban Outfitters, Nottingham [Taken: 13:36, 26th May 2017].
Yushan, H., Ripped Jeans in Zara, Nottingham [Taken 15:44, 20th May 2017].
Kemp, E., Frayed Light Denim Dress in River Island, Nottingham [Taken: 13:48, 26th May 2017].
Kemp. E., Ripped Denim Shorts in River Island, Nottingham [Taken: 13:50, 26th May 2017].
Kemp, E., Ripped Denim Jacket in Topshop, Nottingham [Taken 13:42, 26th May 2017].
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Kemp, E., Streetstyle: Ripped Denim Jacket, Nottingham Trent University [Taken 13:00 23rd May 2017].
Yushan, H., Streetstyle: Clean Denim Jeans, Nottingham [Taken 16:10 24th May 2017].
Yushan, H., Streetstyle: Denim Jacket with Slight Embroidery, Nottingham [Taken 16:17 24th May 2017].
Inspiration Mood Board Kate Moss for Calvin Klein A/W 14 (2014) Mert Alas & Marcus Piggott, Available at: https://fashionweekdaily.com/the-news-from-calvin-klein-hq-keeps-on-coming/ [Accessed 9th May 2017]. “‘You wore Levi’s. We took them and made them ours”, (2010) Levi’s , Available at: https://www.wonderlandmagazine.com/2014/07/21/just-dont-bore-levis-best-ad-campaigns/ [Accessed 9th May 2017]. Ottolinger Summons Milk Maids From Hell for SS17 Collection, (2017) Ottolinger, Available at: http:// www.highsnobiety.com/2016/09/11/nyfw-ottolinger-ss17/ [Accessed 9th May 2017].
Ottolinger Summons Milk Maids From Hell for SS17 Collection, (2017) Ottolinger, Available at: http:// www.highsnobiety.com/2016/09/11/nyfw-ottolinger-ss17/[Accessed 9th May 2017]. R13 Denim’s SS17 Collection, (2017) R13, Available at:http://www.highsnobiety.com/2016/09/09/r13-denim-ss17/ [Accessed 9th May 2017]. Rihanna for i-D magazine with Rihanna and manolo blahnik all-denim shoe collection, (2016) paolo roversi, Available at: https://i-d.vice.com/en_us/article/breaking-rihanna-and-manolo-blahnik-team-up-for-alldenim-shoe-collection [Accessed 9th May 2017].
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Kemp, E., Practice Shoot: holding brick, Gill Street Car Park [Taken 11:26 2nd May 2017].
Kemp, E., Final Shoot: Denim Jacket and panelled skirt, Outside Gill Street Car Park [Taken 12:39 10th May 2017]. Edwards, L., Final Shoot: Denim Jacket and Panelled Skirt, Gill Street Car Park [Taken 112:40 10th May 2017].
Nylon logo, (n.d.) Available at: https://www.forwardgeek.com/article/Molly-Butterfoss-Named-Creative-Director-20160222 [Accessed 30th May 2017].
Pen Portrait Girl on treadmill, (2017) Available at: http://www.sdac.co.uk/category/treadmill/[Accessed 27th May 2017].
Lightning bold, (n.d.) Available at: http://cartoonsmix.com/cartoons/cartoon-lightning-bolt-designs.html [Accessed 23rd May 2017]. Evan Peters, (2016) Chris Colls for Hero Magazine, Available at: https://models.com/work/hero-magazine-evan-peters [Accessed 23rd May 2017]. “Andy Warhol: The Last Decade” at Milwaukee Art Museum, (2009) Contemporary Art Daily, Available at: http://www.contemporaryartdaily.com/2009/10/andy-warhol-the-last-decade-at-milwaukee-art-museum/ [Accessed 13th May 2017]. Fujifilm X-T20 Mirrorless Digital Camera with 18-55mm Lens (Silver), (n.d.) Available at: https://www. bhphotovideo.com/c/product/1311270-REG/fujifilm_16542622_x_t20_camera_with_xf18_55mm.html[Accessed 13th May 2017]. Françoise NIELLY, Sans titre 902 ; 80 x 80 cm, oil on canvas, (n.d.) Francoise Nielly, Available at: http:// www.galerie-art-alain-daudet.com/peintures/francoise-nielly/ [Accessed 23rd May 2017]. Holographic wall-are, (2016) Martin Drive, Available at: http://wallpapersafari.com/w/DrwpFM/ [Accessed 23rd May 2017]. The 1975 I like it when you sleep, for you are so beautiful yet so unaware of it album cover, (2013) The 1975, Available at: whttp://www.stereogum.com/1861215/album-of-the-week-the-1975-i-like-it-when-you-sleepfor-you-are-so-beautiful-yet-so-unaware-of-it/franchises/album-of-the-week/[Accessed 29 May 2017]. Cafe waitress, (n.d.) Canalside Farm Shop, Available at: http://www.visitstafford.org/attraction/Canalside_ Farm_Shop__and__Cafe[Accessed 27th May 2017].
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Fashion show, (n.d.) Available at: https://www.harryandedge.co.uk/about-us/fashion-show/[Accessed 13th May 2017]. Spotify logo, (2015) SPotify, Avaiable at: https://worldvectorlogo.com/logo/spotify [Accessed 23rd May 2017].
Colour Festival, (n.d) Available at: http://www.dumelangnews.co.za/articles/colour-festival-comes-bloem[Accessed 13th May 2017]. The front court of Emmanuel College in Cambridge, England., (2014) Diliff, Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Emmanuel_College_Front_Court,_Cambridge,_UK_-_Diliff.jpg [Accessed 27th May 2017].
Fashion Editorial Kemp, E., Final Shoot: Id Rihana article inspired photo, Gill Street Car Park [Taken 12:41 10th May 2017]. Edwards, L, Final Shoot: Shredded Jacket shot, Gill Street Car Park [Taken: 12:30 10th May 2017].
Kemp, E. Final Shoot: Denim Jacket and Patchwork skirt, Gill Street Car Park[Taken: 12:34 10th May 2017]. Edwards, L., Final Shoot: Split Ripped Denim Skirt, House by Gill Street Car Park [Taken: 13:03 10th MAy 2017]. Edwards, L., Final Shoot: Patwork Dress on Stairs, Outside Gill Street Car Park [Taken: 13:34 10th MAy 2017].
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REFERENCES • • • • • • • • • • •
Kim, E., Fiore, A. and Kim, H. (2011). Fashion trends. 1st ed. Oxford: Berg. Naisbitt, J. and Aburdene, P. (1990). Megatrends 2000. 1st ed. London: Sidgwick & Jackson. Black, S. (2008). Eco-chic. 1st ed. London: Black Dog Pub. Linares, L. (2017). Retail Analysis – Denim Spring 2017. [online] Wgsn.com. Available at: https:// www.wgsn.com/content/board_viewer/#/71523/page/2 [Accessed 8 May 2017]. Trotman, S. (2017). Denim Première Vision A/W 18/19 – Wash & Finish. [online] Wgsn.com. Available at: https://www.wgsn.com/content/board_viewer/#/72355/page/7 [Accessed 9 May 2017]. Linares, L. (2017). The Essential Jean – S/S 18 Category Update. [online] Wgsn.com. Available at: https://www.wgsn.com/content/board_viewer/#/71723/page/7 [Accessed 9 May 2017]. Linares, L. (2017). The Denim Jacket – S/S 18 Category Update. [online] Wgsn.com. Available at: https://www.wgsn.com/content/board_viewer/#/71678/page/1 [Accessed 9 May 2017]. Downey, Levi Strauss & Co. Historian, L. (2014). A SHORT HISTORY OF DENIM. [online] Available at: http://www.levistrauss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/A-Short-History-of-Denim2.pdf [Accessed 10 May 2017]. Montanez, M. (2016). A Brief History of Jeans - From Miners to Miley Cyrus. [online] About.com Style. Available at: http://jeans.about.com/od/Jeans101/ss/The-History-Of-Jeans.htm [Accessed 10 May 2017]. Berlinger, M. (2017). Zayn Malik and Gigi Hadid Just Turned Their Relationship into a Fashion Ad. [online] GQ. Available at: http://www.gq.com/story/zayn-malik-versace-versus-gigi-hadid [Accessed 31 May 2017]. Tran, K. (2009). Denim Industry Facing Challenges On Sustainability Efforts. WWD, 198(131).
BIBLIOGRAPHY BOOKS • Barnes, L. and Lea-Greenwood, G. (2006). Fast fashion. 1st ed. Bradford, England: Emerald Group Publishing. • Black, S. (2008). Eco-chic. 1st ed. London: Black Dog Pub. • Brannon, E. (2007). Fashion forecasting. 1st ed. New York: Fairchild. • Fletcher, K. and Grose, L. (2012). Fashion and Sustainability. 1st ed. London (Laurence King Publishers). • Gardetti, M. and Torres, A. (2012). Textiles, fashion and sustainability. 1st ed. Sheffield England: Greenleaf Pub. • Kim, E., Fiore, A. and Kim, H. (2011). Fashion trends. 1st ed. Oxford: Berg. • Marsh, G. and Trynka, P. (2002). Denim: From Cowboys to Catwalks, A Visual History of the World’s Most Legendary Fabric. 1st ed. London: Aurum. • McKelvey, K. and Munslow, J. (2008). Fashion forecasting. 1st ed. Chichester, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell. • Naisbitt, J. and Aburdene, P. (1990). Megatrends 2000. 1st ed. London: Sidgwick & Jackson. • Vinken, B. (2005). Fashion zeitgeist. 1st ed. Oxford: Berg. ARTICLES • Amarca, N. (2017). NYFW SS17: Ottolinger | Highsnobiety. [online] Highsnobiety. Available at: http:// www.highsnobiety.com/2016/09/11/nyfw-ottolinger-ss17/ [Accessed 9 May 2017]. • Bain, M. (2017). Fast fashion’s sad cycle of compulsive shopping, guilt, and regret has spread to Asia. [online] Quartz. Available at: https://qz.com/978679/fast-fashions-sad-cycle-of-compulsive-shopping-guilt-and-regret-has-spread-to-asia/ [Accessed 12 May 2017]. • BellaNaija Style (2017). Zayn Malik Stars in Versus Versace Spring ‘17 campaign shot by Supermodel Girlfriend Gigi Hadid - BellaNaija. [online] BellaNaija. Available at: https://www.bellanaija. com/2017/03/zayn-malik-stars-in-versus-versace-spring-17-campaign-shot-by-supermodel-girlfriend-gigi-hadid/ [Accessed 9 May 2017]. • Berlinger, M. (2017). Zayn Malik and Gigi Hadid Just Turned Their Relationship into a Fashion Ad. [online] GQ. Available at: http://www.gq.com/story/zayn-malik-versace-versus-gigi-hadid [Accessed 31 May 2017]. • Binkley, C. (2017). Fashion Week’s Anti-Trump Runway Politics. [online] The New Yorker. Available at: http://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/fashion-week-runway-politics [Accessed 12 May 2017]. • Brumfitt, S. (2017). anna ewers sizzles in wang denim campaign | read | i-D. [online] i-D. Available at: https://i-d.vice.com/en_us/article/anna-ewers-sizzles-in-wang-denim-campaign [Accessed 9 May 2017]. • Design Scene (2017). Versus Versace Spring Summer 2017 Starring Zayn Malik & Adwoa Aboah. [online] Design Scene - Fashion, Photography, Style & Design. Available at: http://www.designscene. net/2017/04/versus-versace-spring-summer-2017.html [Accessed 9 May 2017]. • Diderich, J. (2017). H&M Launches Sustainable Denim. WWD, p.9. • i-D Staff (2016). christopher shannon returns to denim for spring/summer 17 | look | i-D. [online] i-D. Available at: https://i-d.vice.com/en_us/article/christopher-shannon-returns-to-denim-for-springsummer-17 [Accessed 9 May 2017]. • Keirans, M. (2014). A Brief History Of Mom Jeans. [online] MTV News. Available at: http://www.mtv. com/news/2520680/brief-history-mom-jeans/ [Accessed 10 May 2017]. • Manning, E. (2016). 69 fall/winter 16 gave us denim to dance in | read | i-D. [online] i-D. Available at: https://i-d.vice.com/en_us/article/69-fallwinter-16-gave-us-denim-to-dance-in [Accessed 9 May 2017]. • Montanez, M. (2016). A Brief History of Jeans - From Miners to Miley Cyrus. [online] About.com Style. Available at: http://jeans.about.com/od/Jeans101/ss/The-History-Of-Jeans.htm [Accessed 10 May 2017].
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Murray, D. (2017). The Vetements X Levi’s Bare Butt Jeans Are Finally Here. [online] ELLE UK. Available at: http://www.elleuk.com/fashion/what-to-wear/news/a35202/the-vetements-x-levi-bare-buttjeans-are-finally-here/ [Accessed 16 May 2017]. Newell-Hanson, A. (2016). breaking! rihanna and manolo blahnik team up for all-denim shoe collection | read | i-D. [online] i-D. Available at: https://i-d.vice.com/en_us/article/breaking-rihanna-andmanolo-blahnik-team-up-for-all-denim-shoe-collection [Accessed 9 May 2017]. Powell, H. (2017). How to wear ripped jeans by the stars. [online] Glamour UK. Available at: http:// www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/gallery/celebrities-wearing-ripped-jeans [Accessed 9 May 2017]. Tran, K. (2009). Denim Industry Facing Challenges On Sustainability Efforts. WWD, 198(131).
ADDITIONAL SOURCES • Asos.com. (2017). AW Fashion Trends | Women’s Fashion Styles 5 | ASOS, Decon Denim. [online] Available at: http://www.asos.com/women/ctas/aw-fashion-trend-5/cat/?cid=20252&ctaref=ww|jeans|decon [Accessed 29 Apr. 2017]. • Downey, Levi Strauss & Co. Historian, L. (2014). A SHORT HISTORY OF DENIM. [online] Available at: http://www.levistrauss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/A-Short-History-of-Denim2.pdf [Accessed 10 May 2017]. • Hayes, J. (n.d.). Nylon Magazine | Web 2.0 | Magazines. [online] Scribd. Available at: https://www. scribd.com/doc/51978251/Nylon-Magazine [Accessed 29 May 2017]. • Heaton, A. (2017). AW Fashion Trends | Women’s Fashion Styles 5 | ASOS, Decon Denim. [online] Asos.com. Available at: http://www.asos.com/women/ctas/aw-fashion-trend-5/cat/?cid=20252&ctaref=ww|jeans|decon [Accessed 29 Apr. 2017]. • i-D. (n.d.). i-D. [online] Available at: https://i-d.vice.com/en_au [Accessed 13 May 2017]. • It’s Baldric Season. (2017). Nylon, (May). • Levi.com. (2017). Destructed | Women | Levi’s® Great Britain (UK). [online] Available at: http://www. levi.com/GB/en_GB/category/women/collections/levi-collections-destructed [Accessed 29 Apr. 2017]. • Kurazawa, D. (2017). Denim Première Vision A/W 18/19 Streets. [online] Wgsn.com. Available at: https://www.wgsn.com/content/board_viewer/#/72445/page/2 [Accessed 9 May 2017]. • Linares, L. (2017). Retail Analysis – Denim Spring 2017. [online] Wgsn.com. Available at: https:// www.wgsn.com/content/board_viewer/#/71523/page/2 [Accessed 8 May 2017]. • Linares, L. (2017). Retail Analysis – Denim Spring 2017. [online] Wgsn.com. Available at: https:// www.wgsn.com/content/board_viewer/#/71566/page/5 [Accessed 8 May 2017]. • Linares, L. (2017). The Essential Jean – S/S 18 Category Update. [online] Wgsn.com. Available at: https://www.wgsn.com/content/board_viewer/#/71723/page/7 [Accessed 9 May 2017]. • Linares, L. (2017). The Denim Jacket – S/S 18 Category Update. [online] Wgsn.com. Available at: https://www.wgsn.com/content/board_viewer/#/71678/page/1 [Accessed 9 May 2017]. • Linares, L. (2017). The Denim Short – S/S 18 Category Update. [online] Wgsn.com. Available at: https://www.wgsn.com/content/board_viewer/#/71615/page/2 [Accessed 9 May 2017]. • Nylon.com. (2017). NYLON · Fashion, Beauty, Music, Celebrities, Culture, News, and More. [online] Available at: https://www.nylon.com [Accessed 30 May 2017]. • Nylon Magazine, (n.d.) Jenny Hayes, Available at: https://www.scribd.com/doc/51978251/Nylon-Magazine [Accessed 27th May 2017]. • RAW®, G. (2017). Restored Denim | Women | G-Star RAW®. [online] G-star.com. Available at: https://www.g-star.com/en_gb/shop/women/restored_denim [Accessed 29 Apr. 2017]. • Resist, (2017). Nylon, (March) • seveskig & hypebeast (2016). Patched Winter Menswear : winter menswear. [online] TrendHunter.com. Available at: http://www.trendhunter.com/trends/winter-menswear [Accessed 9 May 2017]. • shopsuperstreet & refinery29 (2016). Dual Tone Denim : two-tone jeans. [online] TrendHunter.com. Available at: http://www.trendhunter.com/trends/twotone-jeans [Accessed 9 May 2017]. • Sidi-bae, Amirite. (2017). Nylon, (April) • style-cruise.jp & highsnobiety (2016). Vintage Patchwork Sneakers : Vintage Patchwork. [online] TrendHunter.com. Available at: http://www.trendhunter.com/trends/vintage-patchwork [Accessed 9 May 2017]. • Style.com. (2017). Denim - Shop Online at Style.com. [online] Available at: https://www.style.com/ search/?query=denim [Accessed 29 Apr. 2017].
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the WGSN Denim Team (2017). Best of Denim A/W 17/18 Collections. [online] Wgsn.com. Available at: https://www.wgsn.com/content/board_viewer/#/71372/page/12 [Accessed 9 May 2017]. Topshop.com. (2017). Statement Denim | We Love | TopShop. [online] Available at: http://www. topshop.com/en/tsuk/category/we-love-432/statement-denim-6500681/N-2468Zdgl?No=0&Nrpp=20&siteId=%2F12556&cat1=433414&cat2=3452081&intcmpid=TopNav_Clothing_Category_FashionDenim [Accessed 29 Apr. 2017]. Trotman, S. (2017). SXSW 2017. [online] Wgsn.com. Available at: https://www.wgsn.com/content/ board_viewer/#/71659/page/2 [Accessed 8 May 2017]. Trotman, S. (2017). Denim Première Vision A/W 18/19 – Wash & Finish. [online] Wgsn.com. Available at: https://www.wgsn.com/content/board_viewer/#/72355/page/7 [Accessed 9 May 2017]. Walters, P. (2017). Custom Denim. [online] Wgsn.com. Available at: https://www.wgsn.com/content/ board_viewer/#/71905/page/1 [Accessed 8 May 2017]. Wyers, A. (2014). 59 Denim Editorial Shoots. [online] TrendHunter.com. Available at: http://www. trendhunter.com/slideshow/denim-editorial [Accessed 17 May 2017].
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