Escola Dr. Francisco Fernandes Lopes
“ Parece que a questão educativa não está em dar algo ao educando, mas sim em conseguir que ele o adquira; porém, podemos perguntar-nos se ele será capaz de o conseguir se não lhe dermos primeiro as motivações e os meios” Quintana Cabanas
1
Agradecimentos
Na elaboração deste trabalho foi prestimosa a ajuda dada pelo Sr. José Joaquim do Rosário Fernandes. Um verdadeiro mestre na transmissão e concretização de todos os conhecimentos que possibilitaram a construção das pequenas embarcações típicas de Olhão. Sempre pronto a ajudar, disponibilizou gentilmente livros, fotografias e testemunhos, relativos à história das embarcações e à vida difícil dos Pescadores Olhanenses. Sem a sua colaboração, este projecto não se tinha concretizado. Um verdadeiro Olhanense que defende de alma e coração a sua cidade e que, com projectos como este, contribui para a reflexão e debate sobre o Nosso Património. Resta-nos agradecer à Câmara Municipal de Olhão que connosco colaborou, tornando possível a divulgação deste projecto.
2
ESCOLA DR. FRANCISCO FERNANDES LOPES"
ANO LECTIVO 2010/2011
“ Ol h ã o e a s ua Arqui t ec t u ra N ava l”
Introdução
ÍNDICE INTRODUÇÃO
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NOTA PRÉVIA
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COMO TUDO COMEÇOU
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A PESCA !
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Galeão a vapor! !
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Galeão de Cerco
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A CONSTRUÇÃO NAVAL
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APRENDER FAZENDO
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10
MAS NÃO SÓ A SARDINHA SE PESCA OU SE TEM PESCADO EM OLHÃO. O CHICHARRO, CARAPAU OU SIMPLESMENTE “CHARRO” (COMO SE CHAMA EM OLHÃO), POR SER UMA ESPÉCIE ABUNDANTE NA NOSSA COSTA, TAMBÉM ERA MUITO PESCADO.
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Pecadores remendando as redes 13
...O MEU MARIDO ANDA À SACADA
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...A BELEZA DA RIA FORMOSA
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O CAÍQUE COM O SEU APARELHO VÉLICO SEMELHANTE AO DAS ANTIGAS CARAVELAS, COMPLETAVA UM QUADRO NATURAL DE RARA BELEZA, ONDE A MISTURA DAS CORES DAS PINTURAS DOS BARCOS E O BRANCO DAS VELAS SE MISTURAVAM COM O VERDE DO MAR.
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O CAÍQUE
Caíque de Olhão,Capitão José G.A. Vidal, saído de Portugal para África
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VIAGEM AO BRASIL
Olhão, caíque de pesca encalhado junto ao moinho da Barreta, do pintor Tavirense Francisco Gimenez. ( do Exmo. Sr. Comandante António J. Macara Junior)
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OS NOSSOS MODELOS
LANCHA DA SACADA - OS CAMINHOS DA CONSTRUÇÃO
W6+')'4.(Q$%&=(&5'.%=%"%:-(&='&.+(<("#% J$/?%/$&6" %C(5/+&AS%6" 6).$%" &" ?%,)')5)0/&" 36&'&" (%5)6" +)26,$3,)$%6" 2&>&/6" (&$&" &" +)26,$3AB)" '%" (%O3%2&6" %?.&$+&AS%6" '%" ?&'%/$&" V/?()$,\2+/&" ')" ?%/)" ?)'%5)" %" ')" (5&2)" '%" +)26,$3AB)-" +)?" )" '%6%2E)"')".&$+)":%/,)"U"%6+&5&W<
!&=')'4#% k,/5/;&AB)"')"?%/)" ?)'%5)"V*@"+)26,$34')W" (&$&" &" %5&.)$&AB)"')"'%6%2E)-" +)?" )"(5&2)" '%"+)26,$3AB)" '%" ,)'&6"&6"(%A&6" '&" %?.&$+&AB)<" [3')",%$@" O3%" 6%$":%/,)" U" %6+&5&" %" )"?%/)"?)'%5)"(%$?/,%" +)2E%+%$"+)?" %C&+,/'B)""&"()6/AB)"+)$$%+,&"'&6"(%A&6< H)5)+&P6%" )"?%/)" ?)'%5)" 23?&" +&$,)5/2&-" ,$&A&P6%" &" 5/2E&" '%" +%2,$)"%" )"+)2,)$2)" ')" .&$+)<" a&$+&?P6%" ,)')6")6"()2,)6"2%+%66@$/)6"(&$&"&"+)26,$3AB)"')"+&>%$2&?%-"+)?"&"()6/AB)"%C&+,&"'%",)'&6"&6"+&>%$2&6< 28
K%"=')&='&/(+.%"-4( Z&;P6%"&"($)*%+AB)" V+3$>&6"'%"24>%5W"'&6"+&>%$2&6"+)?"&6"+3$>&,3$&6"%C&+,&6" "V)2'%",%$?/2&"%"+)?%A&" &"+&>%$2&W< =%()/6" ')" (5&2)" V'%6%2E)W" +)2+534')" +)?" ,)'&6" &6" +))$'%2&'&6" +)$$%+,&6" (&$&" &" +)26,$3AB)" ')" +&>%$2&?%-" &>&2A&P6%"(&$&"&":&6%"6%03/2,%e" $%&5/;&AB)"')6"?)5'%6"'%"+&$,)5/2&" '%",)'&6"&6" +&>%$2&6<" ^66%6"?)5'%6"6B)"$%,/$&')6"')"'%6%2E)"%"+%$,/:/+&')6"+)?")"?%/)"?)'%5)<
U+(<("#%&='&5(='-+(&H&,*-"#(&'&/(1'+4(5' H)?")6"?)5'%6"'%"+&$,)5/2&-"/2/+/&P6%")",$&.&5E)"'%"?&'%/$&"+)?")"+)$,%"%"+)26,$3AB)"'&"O3/5E&"%" "'%" ,)'&6"&6"+&>%$2&6<"^6,%",$&.&5E)"$%O3%$"'%6,$%;&"2)"+)$,%"'&6"?&'%/$&6"(&$&"O3%"&6"(%A&6":/O3%?"+)?" &6"?%'/'&6"%C&+,&6-"'%":)$?&"&"2B)"'/:/+35,&$"&"63&"?)2,&0%?<" 29
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
J&$&"&"?)2,&0%?"')"+&>%$2&?%"+)5)+&P6%"&"O3/5E&"+)?")"(&/2%5"'%"()(&"23?"63()$,%"P"'3&6",@.3&6" 32/'&6"+)?"(&$&:36)"'%"$)6+&"P"'%":)$?&"&"($%2'%$")".&$+)<
30
I(1'+4(5' H)5&0%?"'&6"+&>%$2&6-"O3%">B)"6%2')"%6,&./5/;&'&6"+)?"'3&6"&$?&')$&6"V3,/5/;&P6%"&$&?%"(&$&" 636,%2,&$" &6" +&>%$2&6" 2&6" &$?&')$&6" &,D" &" +)5&"6%+&$W<" "b%03/'&?%2,%" +)5)+&?P6%"?&/6"'3&6" &$?&')$&6" (&$&" O3%" 6%" ,%2E&" &" +%$,%;&" '%" O3%" ,)'&6" &6" +&>%$2&6" 6%"%2+)2,$&?" 2&" " ()6/AB)" %C&+,&<
G%&,$/;-""J&35)"%"G&$2&.D"?3/,)"&,%2,)6"U6"%C(5/+&AS%6"')"b$<"I)6D"I)&O3/?<
31
B'/#%&=%&<(+/% L%,/$&?P6%" &6" '3&6" ($/?%/$&6" &$?&')$&6" %" /2/+/&P6%" )" :%+E)" ')" .&$+)<" ^6,&":&6%" $%O3%$"?3/,)" +3/'&')"%"($%+/6B)"2&6"?%'/'&6"')"+)$,%"'&6",@.3&6"O3%">B)"6%$"+)5&'&6"2)"%6O3%5%,)"')".&$+)<" !6" ,@.3&6",Y?" O3%"&($%6%2,&$"3?&"5/0%/$&"+3$>&,3$&"'%":)$?&"&":/+&$%?".%?" ($%6&6"%"+)5&'&6-" 2%+%66/,&2')"()$"/66)"'&"+)5)+&AB)"'%"0$&?()6<"=%>%?P6%"36&$"(%O3%2)6"($%0)6"(&$&"$%:)$A&$" &"+)5&0%?<
32
Sarretas
Macarrão
X4.'+-%+&=%&<(+/% H)5)+&AB)" '&6" 6&$$%,&6" V(%A&6" 5&,%$&/6" (&$&" &" +)5)+&AB)" ')6" .&2+)6W<" F" ($/?%/$)" .&2+)-" D" 5/0%/$&?%2,%" +3$>)" %" /$@" 63()$,&$" )" ?&6,$)-" 6%2')" ()$" /66)" 3?&" '&6" (%A&6" ?&/6" 0$)66&6" '&" %?.&$+&AB)<"b%03/'&?%2,%"+)5)+&?P6%")6")3,$)6"')/6".&2+)6< H)5)+&AB)" ')" ?&+&$$B)" '%" ($)&" O3%" >&/" 636,%2,&$" %" '&$" %6,&./5/'&'%" U" %?.&$+&AB)" %" '&6" %6+),%/$&6-")2'%",$&.&5E&"&"%6+),&-" O3%"&)"?%6?)",%?()"6%$>%"'%"R.&2O3/2E)"')"(&,$B)T"%""/$@" '&$"%6,&./5/'&'%"&)"(&/2%5"'%"()(&<
Banco
“Banquinho do patrão”
Colocação do “banquinho do patrão” 33
Coloca巽達o dos bancos
I%"%/(Q$%&=%&:*(+=(H6(.+$% H)?" )6" .&2+)6" *@"+)5)+&')6-" "()6/+/)2&?P6%")6"+E&A)6" (&$&" 6%" +)5)+&$" )" 03&$'&P(&,$B)" V,@.3&" O3%" 5/?/,&" )" &66%2,)" '&" ()(&W" %" )" %?(&2&')" (&$&" :)$?&$" &" ,&?.)+&-" O3%" 6%$@" :%+E&'&" +)?" 3?&" ,&?(&<" =%()/6-" 5/C&P6%" &" %?.&$+&AB)" '%" :)$?&"&"5/?(&$",)'&6"&6"&$%6,&6">/>&6"< I%"%/(Q$%&=(&/(<'"'-+( Z%/,&" '%" (%5%" '%" +&$2%/$)-" " 6%$>/&" (&$&" ($),%0%$" &" >%5&"
Sarretas onde s達o colocados os bancos
O3&2')"%6,&"$)A&66%"2&"($)&<
guarda patr達o
34
cabeleira
Tampa da tamboca
Mastro
Furo do mastro onde passa a ostaga
Pia onde encaixa o mastro
I%"%/(Q$%&=%&5().+% F"?&6,$)" ,%?" ,$Y6"O3&$,)6"')" +)?($/?%2,)"'&" %?.&$+&AB)" %" &($%6%2,&"3?&"(&$,/+35&$/'&'%e"" 2)",)()" ,%?"3?":3$)")2'%">&/"(&66&$"&")6,&0&"V2)"6%2,/')"'&"($)&"(&$&"&"()(&W< Z&;P6%"&"R(/&T")2'%">&/"%2+&/C&$")"?&6,$)-"O3%"2&"%C,$%?/'&'%"D"O3&'$&')"(&$&"2B)"$)'&$< !" >%$0&" ,%?" &" '/?%26B)" '%" 3?&" %?.&$+&AB)" %" ?&/6" 3?" ,%$A)" '&" ?%6?&-" %" &($%6%2,&" 2&" %C,$%?/'&'%"&"()2,&" '&" (%2&" )2'%" 5%>&")" (%2)5" V5/0&'&"+)?" +)$'&W"O3%" 6%$>%" (&$&"%6,/+&$" &" >%5&<
Colocação do mastro
Verga
Ponta da pena onde leva o penol
35
Arganéu de proa
Arganéu rotativo
Arganéu para segurar um baracéu
I%"%/(Q$%&=()&6'Q()&6(+(&(+5(+&(&1'"( a)2,&0%?" ')" &$0&2D3" O3%" 6%$>%" (&$&" ($%2'%$" &" >%5&-" %6(%+/&5?%2,%" O3&2')" )" >%2,)" D" ?3/,)" :)$,%-" ?&/6" 3?" &$0&2D3" $),&,/>)" O3%" >&/" 6%03$&$" &" ,&5E&" (&$&" /A&$" %" .&/C&$" &" >%5&" %" 3?" X5,/?)" &$0&2D3"(&$&"6%03$&$"3?".&$&+D3"O3%">&/")6,%2,&$"&">%$0&< H)5)+&AB)"')"0&5/2'$D3"O3%"($%2'%")"?&6,$)"&)".&2+)"%"3?"+32E)"'%"($)&"(&$&":&;%$"&"&?3$&< Z&;%?P6%")6"?)/,S%6-"&6"6&(&,&6"%"&2')$/2E&6"()$")2'%"+)$$%?"&6"+)$'&6"'&">%5&<
Galindréu
36
Moitões
Painel de popa
I%"%/(Q$%&=%&"'5' Agulhas que fixam o leme
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Cana do leme
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Cunho de proa
Cunhos no painel de popa
“Pau de suporte” da verga 37
Calheta Colocação da calheta
I%"%/(Q$%&=(&/("#'.(&'&=()&)(++'.() !"+&5E%,&"(%$?/,%"&66%2,&$"&6"(&2&6"2&"()(&"%"&6"6&$$%,&6" >B)"63()$,&$")6"(&2%/$)6"U"($)&"%"&"?%/)".&$+)< I%"%/(Q$%&=%)&/#(Q%) F6" +E&A)6" 6B)" +)5)+&')6" %2,$%" 3?&" +&>%$2&"%" &" 6%03/2,%-"" '%"?)')"&":/C&$"&6" +E3?&+%/$&6" O3%"5%>&?")6",)5%,%6" (&$&" &$?&$")6"$%?)6-")6"O3&/6"&($%6%2,&?"3?&6"+)$'&6"O3%"6%" +E&?&?" %6,$)()6-" %?.%./')6" %?" &5+&,$B)" (&$&" :/+&$%?"" ?&/6"?&+/)6"%"$%6/6,%2,%6<
Sarretas
Chumaceiras 38
Toletes
Remos
Lixar o barco
Desenho da embarcação
Y-4.*+(&=(&'5<(+/(Q$% Z&;P6%" )" '%6%2E)-" +)?" &" %6+)5E&" '&" +)$" '&6" ,/2,&6" (&$&" +&'&" ;)2&"'&"%?.&$+&AB)<
Marcação das linhas de água
f/C&P6%" &" %?.&$+&AB)" (&$&" $%,/$&$" &503?&6" /?(%$:%/AS%6" '%" :)$?&"&"$%+%.%$"?%5E)$"&",/2,&< a&$+&?P6%"&6"5/2E&6"'%"@03&< `2/+/&P6%" &" (/2,3$&-" +)?" ,/2,&" &" 15%)-" ,%2')" %?" &,%2AB)" &" %6+)5E&" '&6" ;)2&6" O3%" >B)" 6%$" ($/?%/$&?%2,%" " (/2,&'&6<" =%>%?P6%"&5,%$2&$-""(&$&"'&$",%?()"'%"6%+&0%?"&"+&'&"3?&<
Pintura da embarcação
Pintura da embarcação
Pintura da embarcação
Pintura da embarcação
Pintura da embarcação 39
Cabos para amarrar a vela
I%4).+*Q$%&'&(+5(Q$%&=(&1'"( !">%5&-":%/,&"'%"5)2&-":)/",$&A&'&"(%5&">%$0&"O3%",%?" )" +)?($/?%2,)" ')" .&$+)" ?&/6" 3?" ,%$A)" " ')" ?%6?)< !" >%5&" :)/" +)5)+&'&" &)" &5,)" %" "&($3?&'&" &)" (&/2%5" '%" ()(&-" 6&/2')" )" ,%+/')" 5/0%/$&?%2,%" :)$&" '%6,%"
Argola de corda para o moit達o
(&$&"()'%$"&(&2E&$"?%5E)$")">%2,)< Z&;P6%-" 2&" >%5&-" &" &?3$&" O3%" 6%$>%" (&$&" ($%2'%$" %6,&" U" ($)&" V&$0&2D3W" %" &6" &5A&6" (&$&" (&66&$" &" %6+),&< W&'5<(+/(Q$%&').D&6+%4.(&(&4(1':(+
vela presa na verga
40
Vela armada
Vela armada
Plano da embarcação - desenho à escala
Moldes das cavernas
Moldes do painel de poupa
41
Nomenclatura das peças de uma embarcação
42
A Nossa Lancha da Sacada Todos devemos defender, enquanto Nosso
cidad茫o,
o
Patrim贸nio.
O
Nosso dever, enquanto aluno,
foi
cumprido,
esperamos que outros o continuem... 43
O DÓRIS
!"(%6+&"')".&+&5E&3-"?&/6"')"O3%"3?",$&.&5E)-"%$&"3?"&+,)"'%"E%$)46?)< Desenho de João Artur e Beatriz Caetano
J)$"6%",$&,&$"'%"3?&"+)26,$3AB)"?&/6"6/?(5%6"O3%"&""5&2+E&"'&"6&+&'&-")(,)3P6%"()$"'/>350&$" 2&"2)66&"$%>/6,&-"&(%2&6"&"?%,)')5)0/&"'%",$&.&5E)"6%03/'&"2&"+)26,$3AB)"')"2)66)"'1$/6< J$/?%/$)" $%&5/;)3P6%"3?&" (%6O3/6&" 6).$%"&" +)26,$3AB)" '%" 3?"'1$/6"23?"%6,&5%/$)" V?&'%/$&" 36&'&-" +)26,$3AB)" '&6" (%A&6" %" 63&" ?)2,&0%?W<" =%()/6-" &" (&$,/$" ')" (5&2)" 0%$&5" :%;P6%" )"" '%6%2E)" +)?" )" (5&2)" '%" +)26,$3AB)" U" %6+&5&" ($%,%2'/'&<" J)$" :/?-" &" +)26,$3AB)" '&" %?.&$+&AB)< 44
A construção naval era um acumular de experiências e baseava-se no desenho e na realização de moldes, que no fim davam a perfeição ao barco. Armando de Sousa é um desses construtores que desempenhou um
papel
importante
na
construção naval. Com a divulgação dos seus conhecimentos, Armando
de
Sousa, pretende manter viva a arte da construção naval das embarcações tradicionais.
O DÓRIS
O material
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45
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46
PLNANO GERAL DO DÓRI
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do plano)
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Remos
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Chumaceiras onde se colocam as forquetas
Remos
Dóris com a vela armada 49
Divulgação do projecto à Comunidade Escolar A Escola Dr. Francisco Fernandes Lopes, nos dias 9 a 13 de Maio, recebeu todos os 9º anos das escolas do Concelho de Olhão. Foi uma boa oportunidade para apresentarmos o nosso projecto, porque pensamos que a valorização do nosso Património deve passar por uma educação para a cidadania das gerações mais jovens, para que estas se responsabilizem na defesa de um Património que é delas e de todas as gerações vindouras.
50
Divulgação do projecto à Comunidade Considerando que a Escola tem por missão servir a comunidade em que se insere, respondendo às suas necessidades educativas e formativas, é através da divulgação das actividades inerentes ao projecto
que é
possível estabelecer relações de que possam resultar benefícios mútuos. Nos dias 19 a 22 de Maio, decorreu no Jardim dos Pescadores na cidade de Olhão, a Semana da Juventude. Foi durante essa semana que os nossos trabalhos foram apresentados à nossa comunidade.
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Bibliografia E(+<%)(;&F%)G;&0123/,*,/451$/666,*&,7%89/666,)*-%*:;*2"P"H\?&$&"a32/+/(&5"'%"F5EB)<"7ppg& [%*)(;&W+5(4=%<,=/%*31&,$",'22/!1"#9/,$*,>*-*2",$/,?"3)1&@+1/,A"34)"%,*,B4%34)"%,$", C*D19/,$*,'5*1)/-"7puh-"29"7g B'":*'-+();&!/.D1-%&\->(;&GH)"1+*1)"2T-"%'/AB)"H[["H)$$%/)6 V(++-=%;&]"1(+%;&G',I(/(*1",$/,="!"%8"42T-"%'/AB)"H[["H)$$%/)6 "WY![;&&'22/!1"#9/,$*,0"%/)1."#9/,$/,?"3)1&@+1/,B4%34)"%,*,'&E1*+3"%,$*,7%89/
A'1-).(;" RF/)+"%, $/, ?*2!"$/$T" 29" g7d-" '%" ])>%?.$)"
B%.%:+(P-()&$%,/$&'&6&')" H&,@5)0)"')" a36%3"'%"l5E&>)"%"'&"!JFb"V'22/!1"#9/, $*,0"%/)1."#9/,$/,?"3)1&@+1/,B4%34)"%,*,'&E1*+3"%,$*,7%89/
52
Escola Dr. Francisco Fernandes Lopes
Ficha TĂŠcnica NĂşcleo do Ambiente Ano lectivo 2010/2011
Trabalho realizado pelos alunos do 12! H: Beatriz Caetano Jo!o Artur Ruben Barnab"
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O Patrim贸nio Natural e Cultural 茅 de todos e todos o devemos preservar
54