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The Ethiopian Messenger
ውድ አንባብያን!
Dear Readers,
አገራችን ኢትዮጵያ ላለፉት 6 ወራት የአፍሪካ፣ ካሪብያን እና ፓሲፊክ (አካፓ) የሚኒስትሮች
Ethiopia is presiding the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) Council of Ministers and Committee of Ambassadors until August. Through this presidency, Ethiopia contributes to shaping the future relations between the European Union and ACP countries, as the Agreement governing relationships between them will expire soon. Read our article to learn more about Ethiopia’s objectives and priorities for the future of ACP-EU relations.
ምክር ቤት እና የአምባሳደሮች ኮሚቴን በፕሬዚዳንትነት እያገለገለች ትገኛለች፡፡ በአካፓ እና አውሮፓ ህብረት መካከል የተፈረመው የትብብር ስምምነት በ2020 ይጠናቀቃል፡፡ አገራችን በአካፓ ፕሬዚዳንትነትዋ ወቅትም ለወደፊቱ በሁለቱ ወገኖች መካከል የሚኖረው ግንኙነት ውጤታማ እንዲሆን ከፍተኛ አስተዋጽኦ አበርክታለች፡፡ በዚህ ጉዳይ ላይ በአካፓ እና አውሮፓ ህብረት መካከል ለወደፊቱ ስለሚኖረው ግንኙነት እና የኢትዮጵያ የትኩረት መስኮች በተመለከተ ጽሑፍ አቅርበናል፡፡ የኢትዮጵያ የኢኮኖሚ እድገት ተጠናክሮ እየቀጠለ መሆኑ ይታወቃል፡፡ በዚህ እትማችን በኢኮኖሚው ዙርያ በአማራ ክልል የኢኮኖሚ መሰረት ሊቀይሩ የሚችሉ የተፈጥሮ ሀብትና የኢንቨስትመንት ማበረታቻዎች በተመለከተ ትንተና አቅርበናል፡፡ በዚህ እትም እድገት በማሳየት ላይ ሰለሚገኘውና ሀገራችንን የወይን መጠጥ ከሚያመርቱ ሀገራት ተርታ እንደሚያሰልፋት ተስፋ የተጣለበት የኢትዮጵያ የወይን መጠጥ ሴክተር ላይ ትኩረት ሰጥተናል፡፡ የአውሮፓ ህብረት ረጅም ጊዜ ያስቆጠረው የኢትዮ-ኤርትራ የድንበር ግጭት አስመልክቶ በቅርቡ መግለጫ አውጥቷል፡፡ የኢትዮጵያ መንግስት በሁለቱ አገሮች መካከል ሰላም እንዲወርድ እና በህዝቦቹ መካከል ዘላቂ ሰላም ለማስፈን ያልተቋረጠ ጥረት ሲያደርግ መቆየቱም ይታወቃል፡፡ መጽሔታችን በዚህ ጉዳይ እስካሁን ያለውን ሂደት እና አጋሮቻችን የኤርትራ መንግስት የአገራችን የሰላም ጥሪ እንዲቀበል አስፈላውን ድጋፍ እንዲያደርጉ የተተነተነበት ጽሑፍ ይዛለች፡፡ የኢትዮጵያ እና ቤልጅየም ግንኙነት ለማጠናከር አንድ እርምጃ ወደፊት የሚያራምድ እና ብራሰልስ ከምትታወቅባቸው አርማዎች አንዱ የሆነው Manneken-Pis (የሚሸናው ልጅ) የኢትዮጵያ ወዳጆች በተገኙበት የአገራችን ባህላዊ ልብስ የለበሰበት ሥነ- ሥርዓትም በዚህ እትማችን ይዘን ቀርበናል፡፡ በመጨረሻም በቅርቡ ቻይና ይፋ ያደረገችው ቤልት ኤንድ ሮድ የተሰኘ እቅድ ለኢትዮጵያ ልማት የሚኖረው ፋይዳ የተመለከተ ጽሑፍ እንድታነቡ በአክብሮት እየጋበዝን መልካም
Ethiopia’s economy also remains as dynamic as ever. In this issue, we focus on the Amhara region, where rich natural resources and investment incentives are transforming the structure of the economy. In this issue, we also focus on Ethiopia’s expanding wine sector which is expected to place Ethiopia onto the winemaking countries list. The EU recently announced its support to the settlement of the border dispute between Ethiopia and Eritrea. As Ethiopia has, time and again, worked to restore ties and normalize relations with Eritrea, it is to be hoped that Ethiopia’s partners will be supportive in dealing with the Eritrean government.
Another article will give you a glimpse of a colourful ceremony that was organised in June at Brussels’ City Hall to celebrate the handing-over of two Ethiopian traditional costumes to Manneken-Pis, the famous symbol of Brussels. The event was also the occasion to celebrate the EthioBelgian friendship with old and new friends of Ethiopia in Brussels and beyond. Finally, we have included in this edition preliminary information on the possible benefits of the new Belt and Road initiative of China on the development of Ethiopia.
የእረፍት ጊዜ እንዲሆንላችሁ ልባዊ ምኞታችንን እናቀርባለን፡፡
We wish you a pleasant reading and a great summer vacation.
የአርትኦት ኮሚቴ
The Editorial Team
Content
ACP-EU relations: Towards a Partnership beneficial to our peoples
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The Amhara regional State’s dynamic march towards industrialisation
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Ethiopia’s expanding wine sector
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Ethiopia’s unremitted commitment for lasting peace with Eritrea
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The Heart of Manneken-Pis goes to Ethiopia
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Walking the walks of the Belt and Road Initiative
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የዘመናችን የታሪክ አሻራ ሐውልት
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Quarterly magazine of the Embassy of Ethiopia in Brussels. Editor: Embassy of Ethiopia in Brussels, Avenue de Tervuren 64, 1040 Etterbeek, Belgium. info@ethiopianembassy.be +32 2 771 32 94. Cover picture: Manneken-Pis Receives Ethiopian Costume. From left to right: Mrs Clémentine Barzin, Brussels City Counsellor, Mr. Edmond Vandenhaute, President of the Friends of Manneken-pis, H.E. Ambassador Teshome Toga and his wife. Picture: © Pierre Verlent.
July - August - September 2017
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Political affairs
ACP-EU relations: Towards a Partnership beneficial to our peoples H.E Ambassador Teshome Toga Chanaka is presiding over the Committee of Ambassadors of the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) Group for the period 1st of February 2017 – 31st of July 2017. As the partnership between the ACP Group of States and the EU is entering a critical phase, Ethiopia’s presidency will contribute to shape future relations between the ACP and the EU.
H.E. Ambassador Teshome Toga opening the ACP Day 2017
Towards a united and stronger ACP With the upcoming expiration of the Cotonou Partnership Agreement, which frames cooperation between the European Union and the ACP Group of States, the ACP is reflecting not only on the future of its relationship with the EU, but also on the future of the Group itself. As current chair of both the ACP Council of Ministers and the Committee of Ambassadors, Ethiopia is determined to do its level best to help the ACP Group to obtain a mutually beneficial agreement with the EU. ACP countries have made significant strides that should be taken into account in the upcoming negotiations. Several ACP countries are now middle-income countries and democratisation has progressed in most member states. Both sides are still developing their negotiating positions, but for
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the ACP, one thing seems certain: the ACP will continue as a solid united group. The collective strength of the ACP Group derives from decades of inter-regional solidarity, international trade negotiations, development cooperation, political dialogue, and relations with other international organisations. Relations between the European Union and the ACP Group of States are also one of the most enduring features of contemporary international relations. Geopolitical developments did not weaken the bloc; on the contrary, its membership has grown considerably. But it is also fundamental to modernise the ACP Group and make it more pertinent for the ACP peoples. Ethiopia believes in a united, reshaped ACP group that could challenge traditional thinking and practices on sustainable development to promote inclusive growth and structural transformation of our economies.
A renewed partnership with the EU Changes in the global economic and geopolitical context and profound transformations undergone by the EU since the signature of the agreement in 2000 have had a significant impact on relations between the EU and the ACP group. It is therefore essential to adapt the partnership to 21st century realities, and this will require no less than a paradigm shift in the way the relationship was conceived so far. Over the years, ACP-EU relations moved away from a donorrecipient relation as ACP countries became more involved in the disbursement of funds, and the partnership acquired a political dimension. However, the Cotonou Partnership Agreement focused very much on development aid. ACP countries want to trade more with Europe to industrialise, move up their value chains, and ultimately radically transform the structure of their economies. Any modern partnership in development should help ACP countries to rely on trade rather than aid to develop. But a modern ACP group should also look beyond the EU. Reaching new markets will require to increase the competitiveness of ACP economies. Therefore, this paradigm shift should come first and foremost from within the ACP countries. There is an agreement within the Group that the ACP Secretariat should be reinforced, better staffed and streamlined along core political objectives – a view that lies at the core of Ethiopia’s presidency. A long-time supporter of the ACP’s unity and solidarity, Ethiopia believes that the ACP group can and should take responsibility for its own future by consolidating and negotiating as a united group to ensure that the next framework will give rise to a better agreement with the EU. Only a strong ACP group will be able to shape policy outcomes and lobby on essential issues such as tackling climate change, implementing the sustainable development goals or managing natural resources and renewable energies. Particular attention is currently drawn on the nature of the partnership with the EU. Over the years, the ACP-EU relationship has extended to new key issues such as the fight against climate change, counter-terrorism, migration and mobility. Given the increasing number of common challenges, that neither the EU nor the ACP can face alone, equality, mutual respect and mutual interests should be the governing principle of our future partnership.
A three-pillar cooperation In order to adapt the ACP group to current challenges, three major pillars were determined for the ACP’s future partnership with the EU, intra-ACP cooperation and also the South-South and Triangular cooperation.
The first pillar focuses on issues related to trade, investment and private sector. This will allow ACP countries to industrialise, create jobs in particular for the younger generations, and create jobs. New partners beyond the EU will also be targeted to take advantage of opportunities offered by the emergence of new partners. The second pillar deals with development cooperation, which is an important part of our partnership. Development cooperation, which for years has been the backbone of the
Cotonou Partnership Agreement (CPA), has considerably improved under Cotonou with respect to the absorption of funds, aid implementation and results. To make sure this new development cooperation ensures social and economic progress and development in our countries, new dimensions such as science and technology were added to this pillar. The third pillar is a new policy dialogue and advocacy. Political dialogue was a pillar of the Cotonou Partnership Agreement and will remain an important dimension of its successor. However, political dialogue was the weakest dimension of the CPA and has often failed to deliver the expected political outcomes. The ACP believes that a meaningful policy dialogue is vital in overseeing the partnership and will make sure it can contribute to shape the political agenda in significant ways.
The way forward Over the past 42 years, the relationship between the EU and ACP countries went through continuous changes with its ups and downs. But when looking at the relationship from a long-term perspective, its benefits are significant. While the EU aims at becoming a more effective global player, it is obvious that it will remain a very strategic partner. The ACP, for its part, will turn into an international alliance of developing countries. The organization is currently repositioning itself for more strategic engagements with regards to its future and is determined to put an emphasis on re-positioning the ACP group as an effective player in a challenging global landscape. In the future, the ACP Group will increasingly relate to the regional groupings (CARICOM, Pacific Forum, AU, etc), as regional groups play a very important role in global governance. This will make the ACP Group more efficient and more pertinent, as some issues can seem remote to ACP, but are pertinent problems into the regional groups. By avoiding duplication and delegating some matters to regions, the added value of the ACP in global forums will be increased, which could make a big difference in global decision making. The best example of this was the COP21 in Paris, when at a crucial point in time at the negotiations, the 79 ACP countries and the EU joined up to swing the momentum of the negotiations. The group can also play an important role during COP23, that will be chaired by Fidji, one of the ACP’s member States. The EU itself believes in keeping the Group together. Asked about the future of ACP-EU relations, Koen Does, Director East and Southern Africa and ACP coordination at the European Commission stated: “Why is keeping the group together so important? […] because this is also what our partners want. […] We have seen that there is an unexploited potential in this relationship between the EU and the ACP, when it comes to joining forces to weigh on and influence the global agenda.” There are numerous topics on the global agenda where the EU and its ACP partners see eye-to-eye. If the future partnership manages to encapsulate this, and if the ACP timely implements expected reforms, there is no doubt the Group could become a formidable global player.
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July - August - September 2017
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Economy
The Amhara regional State’s dynamic march towards industrialisation The rich natural resources and investment incentives of the Amhara Region are transforming the structure of the economy, in a process that is expected to create thousands of local jobs. A region rich in natural resources
Abundant investment opportunities
The Amhara region, one of the nine regional states of Ethiopia, is located in north-western Ethiopia and has an estimated total population of 22 million inhabitants. The region has enormous potential both in land and water resources: in addition to its geographical areas of 171,000 km², Amhara is the source of several major rivers, including Ethiopia’s largest inland body of water, Lake Tana, which is the source of the Blue Nile river, offering opportunities for irrigation development and hydroelectric power generation.
Besides the Federal government investment incentives, the Amhara regional state offers additional incentives to promote investment that includes granting land freely to investors, power availabilities and providing investors with the necessary infrastructures for their activities. Furthermore, a regional investors forum supports and resolves the difficulties encountered by investors as they expand their investment activities in the region. Investors should also consider the cheap labour available in the region.
Amhara is one of the most fertile region of the country, with total rainfalls varying from 300 mm to 2,000 mm and rich in natural resources like gold, opal, coal and limestone. The region is further gifted with varied types of topography i n c l u d i n g plains, gorges, plateaus, hills and mountains, three major agricultural climatic zones (highland, semihighland and lowland) and has several agro-ecological zones suitable for agricultural activities. Amhara’s tourism sector is also booming: several of the UNESCO recorded heritages and natural tourism sites of the country are located there, including the Simien Mountain National Park, the famous Lalibela hock-hewn churches, Fasil Castel and the Lake Tana monasteries.
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The Ethiopian Messenger
Agriculture, manufacturing, mining, energy, tourism, social sector and infrastructure are major areas of potential investment. The vast unused arable land and sustainable rainfalls, especially in the western corridor of the region, offers major potential for agribusiness investments. The various climate zone with diverse agroecological zones are suitable for the production of many types of agricultural products including cereals, pulses, spices, fruits, vegetables, and flowers and other commercial crops. According to several researches, the region is rich in livestock, fishery, horticulture, natural gum and incense, forest and forest products. In the manufacturing sector, the region possesses enormous potentials in agro-processing industries such as the processing and preserving of grains pulses, fruits and vegetables, meat and milk product, manufacturing of sugar and brewery, the mining sector and hydropower. Recently, investments have been growing in the region, mainly for the
Kombolcha Industrial Park in the Amhara Region
expansion of the domestic and international industrial activities.
Initiatives to boost industrialization The Amhara regional government is working tirelessly to create a conducive environment for business and investment opportunities, exploit the region’s natural resources for economic development and transform the economic structure of the region by fostering industrialization. The main objective of the recent industrial initiatives all aim at creating job opportunities for the youth and address the demand of the people for a fair and shared economic growth the country. To achieve this objective, the Amhara regional state launched the Abay Industrial Development Share Company, a public-private company established with four billion Birr (160 million Euro) registered capital that will spearhead several mega projects in the Amhara Regional State. Established in line with the country’s Second Growth and Transformation Plan (2015-2020), the company has conducted feasibility studies on several industrial sectors regarding the availability of raw materials and the domestic and export market potential of their products. Based on the results, it was decided that cement, metal, wood and textile factories will be built in the major cities in the region. The first project, a cement plant, is currently being constructed near the town of Dejen, in an area rich in mineral resources used for cement production. The factory will cost 7.5 billion Birr and is expected to produce 5,000 quintals per day and to create 1,690 job opportunities for young people of the region.
A 2-billion Birr metal factory that will create 286 new jobs will also be established in the regional capital city at Bahir Dar, with a production capacity of 300,000 tons. Two wood production factories will be founded in the cities of Debre Tabor and Debre Berhan, creating 350 jobs, and a textile factory will be also established in the historical city at Gondar, where fine cotton abounds. This factory will cost around 2 billion Birr and will create 2,500 jobs. Last year, the Amhara Regional State experienced protests mainly driven by young people demanding decent jobs and a fair and shared economic development in the region. Factors such as lack of good governance, the absence of industrial developments, the slow expansion of infrastructure and the delaying of federal mega projects like the Megech Irrigation project were identified as the root causes that pushed escalate the protests in major cities in the region. This is why the Amhara regional administration went beyond the federal efforts to mobilize public and private companies, individuals and development associations resources to expand industrial activities, create job opportunities and promote the economic development of the region and the country at large. Given the Amhara Regional State’s vast natural resources and cheap labour offering ample opportunities for doing business in various agricultural, industrial and manufacture sector, these initiatives are clearly a step in the right direction.
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July - August - September 2017
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Business
Ethiopia’s expanding wine sector Ethiopia is known for its rich cultural heritage steeped in century’s old history and mystical legends. But very few know of a long-held wine-making tradition in Ethiopia. The wine-making tradition has over the last few years been gaining much traction and is now a gradually expanding industry that is meant to place Ethiopia firmly onto the wine-making countries list.
Traditionally, Ethiopia has been making a local wine called tedj, a type of honey-wine flavored with gersho leaves, that are similar to hops. However, this ancient wine-making tradition is gradually being taken over by a much modern form of wine-making, and nowadays standard high-quality wines are produced in the country. Ethiopia is now growing its own grapes and producing its own signature wine. Due to the proximity to the equator, it is even possible to make two harvests per year. Currently, there are two wineries in the country, with a combined production of almost 12 million bottles of wine per year. Awash winery is by far the oldest winery in Ethiopia. The winery has been in existence for about 70 years now. Awash Winery boasts more than 117 hectares of a wine estate that sits on a mountain plateau rising to 1,200 meters above sea level. It was acquired in 2013 by Blue Nile company, which has the plan to expand the production by constructing a second distillery.
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The Ethiopian Messenger
Currently, Awash Winery has an annual production of about 10 million bottles, most of which is exclusively consumed by the Ethiopian market. According to Awash, the local demand for quality wine is at an all-time high. In 2016, the company will be able to export wine in addition to meeting the local demand. Castel Winery on its part is a new player in the Ethiopian wine-making industry. The winery is located in the town of Ziway some 160 km south of Addis Ababa. Castel’s vineyards were established in 2007 as a partnership between the Ethiopian Government and the Castel Group, which is today one of the largest wine and beer producer in the world. The wine estate is spread across some 120 hectares with the grapes having been planted between 2007 and 2009. The winery started bottling its vintage wine in 2014, with the goal of producing a quality wine meeting international standards. Castel’s vineyards are located about 1,600 meters above sea level with an annual rainfall of about 650 mm and average temperature of 25 degrees celsius year round. The region
The Castel vineyard boast exclusively planted with international grape varieties that include 55 hectares of Syrah, 38 hectares of Cabernet Sauvignon, 14 hectares of Merlot and 12 hectares of Chardonnay. In the collection is an additional 42 hectares of Sangiovese that was planted in the 1980s by the Ethiopian government.
has sandy soils, which according to Castel Winery are good conditions for the development of quality wines and could in a few years’ time compete with South Africa, currently the continent’s largest wine producer. Castel Winery has a total annual production of about 1.2 million bottles of Ethiopian Rift Valley Wine. Plans are to increase production to 3 million bottles per year by 2016. Exports destinations for this production include the US and Europe. Castel Winery could benefit from the AGOA program supporting free access to US market, and from EU’s Everything But Arm program, which provides a duty and quota-free access to the European markets.
Most of the 750,000 wines planted in these vineyards were imported from Bordeaux (France). Merlot, Syrah and Cabernet Sauvignon grapes were chosen for the reds that make up the biggest of Castel Winery’s Rift Valley Wines production while Chardonnay grapes were chosen for the white wines. Some regional states in Ethiopia have also provided investment incentives for this sector, in order to further support the development of wineries. Taking advantage of the growing local demand, the export incentives and the favorable climate, the wine sector in Ethiopia is rapidly expanding.
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July - August - September 2017
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Regional Affairs
Ethiopia’s unremitted commitment for lasting peace with Eritrea The EU recently announced its support to the settlement of the border dispute between Ethiopia and Eritrea. As Ethiopia has, time and again, worked to restore ties and normalize relations with Eritrea, it is to be hoped that Ethiopia’s partners will be supportive in dealing with the Eritrean government. In a press statement on 13 April 2017, Mrs. Federica Mogherini, the European Union High Representative and Vice-President of the European Commission, announced that the EU was ready to support the settlement of the border dispute between Ethiopia and Eritrea, adding that “the EU encourages all concrete steps that could lead to finally demarcating the border in accordance with the Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission (EEBC) decision and to move to a phase of building constructive and peaceful relations.” The EU also expressed its readiness to support the process and any measures that will create conditions for a mutually beneficial relationship between Eritrea and Ethiopia in the future. The European Union’s commitment to support a full implementation of the provisions of the Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission’s decision of 13 April 2002 is appreciated. Although Ethiopia has, time and again, reiterated its readiness for peace and called for dialogue to restore ties and normalize relations with Eritrea, the regime in Asmara has never shown any sign of interest in this regard. Repetitive calls from the Ethiopian leadership to normalize relations with Eritrea and several initiatives by different countries and eminent personalities have regrettably all fallen on deaf ears. It should be recalled that, regardless of the serious flaws of the EEBC decision, Ethiopia had accepted it as final and binding. On the other hand, Eritrea first restricted fuel supply to the UN Peacekeeping forces of the UN Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) in January 2008, and later confiscated many of UNMEE’s equipment’s and ordered the troops to leave Eritrea in February of the same year. Eritrea’s erratic behavior could have given enough reason for Ethiopia to declare that Eritrea has rendered the Algiers Agreement, the comprehensive peace agreement and binding arbitration agreed by the two parties on the 18th of June 2000, null and void. But Ethiopia, widely known for its principled stance and will to honor the commitment of the parties for the peace process, still appeals for the full implementation of the Algiers agreement. Despite being the victim of the Eritrean aggression, Ethiopia is still requesting a dialogue and engagement to implement the EEBC decision. This is the minimum an aggressed country can request. And this is the least the aggressor country, Eritrea, should accept without any precondition.
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The Ethiopian-Eritrean boundary commission clearly indicates under Article 2.16 of its decision that “[…] these coordinates are not necessarily final and the commission may have to adjust or vary them in the course of demarcation. Only the final demarcation map will be definitive”. This shows, without doubt, that the coordinates, which are critical elements for the virtual demarcation, are not final. Article 2.19 further states that “the tripoint at the eastern end has never been agreed” by the parties. Article 2.20 of the decision informed the international community that, the boundaries laid down in the Treaties (1900, 1902 and 1908 of the West, Central and Eastern borders respectively) have never been implemented by demarcation. Notwithstanding other issues, these factors suffice for the two countries to start a dialogue. In addition, article 16 of the Algiers Agreement of the 12th of December 2000 between Ethiopia and Eritrea forecast that “Recognizing that the results of the delimitation and demarcation process are not yet known, the parties request the United Nations to facilitate resolution of problems which may arise due to the transfer of territorial control, including the consequences for individuals residing in previously disputed territory”.
The border issues can and should not be reduced to demarcation only. What is important is the long-lasting peace and stability between the peoples on both sides of the border. It is obvious that, given the anomalies and impracticalities of the virtual delimitation of the EEBC, only dialogue can resolve the issue. Many international precedents, including those between Cameroon and Nigeria and between Russia and China, indicate that border demarcation should come after normalization of the relations. Therefore, concrete steps in the implementation of the EEBC are prerequisite for a sustainable relationship between Ethiopia and Eritrea, and for lasting peace in the region. Back in 1991, Ethiopia had prepared all the legal and administrative procedures for the smooth secession of Eritrea. As its former motherland and the first country to recognize the legitimacy of the newly-born State, Ethiopia does not have any plausible reason to get into quarrel for a piece of land in the border area. What rather concerns Ethiopia most is the lasting relationship between the two peoples. Keeping on making the Eritrean people hostage in the name of a ‘border conflict’ does not benefit the Eritrean government.
its neighbors, including through financial, military, intelligence and non-military assistance, such as the provision of training centers, camps and other similar facilities to armed groups like Al-Shebab and Arbegnoch G7, issuing travel documents and paying for living expenses in a very discreet manner. Hence, if a lasting peace and stability is to come about in the Horn of Africa, partner countries should push the regime in Asmara to manifest a real change (dismantling training camps, halting financial and other logistical support etc…) and refrain itself from further destabilizing the region by supporting violent armed groups. On the 13th of April 2017, the Chair of the UN monitoring group on Somalia and Eritrea, Ambassador Kairat Umorov, briefed the UNSC on the activities of the Resolutions EU High Representative and Vice-President of the European Commission 751 and 1907 Committee. On that Mrs Federica Mogherini. Picture: European Parliament occasion, Ethiopia clearly stated that the sanctions regime was of great significance for regional peace and The defiance of the Eritrean government to come to the security in the Horn of Africa, and that Ethiopia attach negotiating table and the resulting “no war, no peace” importance to its full and effective implementation. situation between the two countries has had terrible repercussions on the Eritrean people. In addition to the more Ethiopia also welcomed the intention of the Chair to than 190,000 Eritreans sheltered in different refugee camps undertake a visit to the region, which is long overdue and in Ethiopia, Eritrea is ranked 3rd in the list of countries will certainly help him in having a better appreciation of of origin of refugees entering Europe, next to Syria and the regional dynamics. Ethiopia hopes that the visit will Afghanistan – two war-torn countries. The EU International take place in accordance with existing practice; as putting development cooperation has signed a National Indicative preconditions on the visit to enlist concessions from the Program with Eritrea, with the apparent objective of halting Council would set a dangerous precedent and should by no the flood of refugees from Eritrea. means be entertained. While appreciating the support expressed by the EU and other partners for the resumption of normalization between the two countries, it is high time to push the defiant regime in Asmara to come to the negotiating table.
Asmara, while showing no interest to make peace with its neighbors, has recently started to implement a two-pronged approach in its foreign policy, with the aim of easing the sanction and win international sympathy. The first one is aimed at convincing the international community that it has changed its behavior and that the country is being unfairly penalized by the UNSC and the major powers. The regime argues that the sanctions applied against a very poor and small country like Eritrea are unfair. This charm offensive’s objective aims at dashing the regime of sanctions without making any substantive move to address the concerns of the sub-region, which are the reasons for the imposition of sanctions in the first place. It is clear that due to the partial implementation of the sanctions imposed on it and the severe economic situation in Eritrea, the capacity – but not the will and intention – of the regime to destabilize the Horn Africa region has been reduced.
This visit is important because, among other things, it would allow the Chair to experience the hubris and arrogance that has been for so long a problem in our region, but which, hidden behind a veneer of victimhood, can still deceive many. That is the context within which the issue of the boundary demarcation should be looked at. Seen with other matters, it seems very much pale by comparison, as delimitation has already been completed, what remains is demarcation, an issue where Ethiopia cannot be expected to clap with one hand. It is expected that, given the geopolitical situation in our region, this matter as well as the issue of sanctions can easily be politicized. Wisdom of all concerned parties is expected in this regard. Ethiopia attaches a lot of importance to the normalization of the situation and therefore reiterates its readiness to engage for a lasting peace and stability in the region. The bottom line, however, is that partners should be extremely cautious not to embolden the self-aggrandizing regime in Asmara while engaging with them and that any attempt to lift the sanctions on Eritrea may oblige Ethiopia to take appropriate measures in an exercise of self-defense.
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The second, and the more substantive change is Eritrea’s position towards the region. Asmara has made no behavioral changes. The regime is continuing to destabilize
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Culture and tourism
The Heart of Manneken-Pis goes to Ethiopia On Friday the 9th of June 2017, friends of Ethiopia gathered in Brussels’ City Hall to celebrate the handing-over of an Ethiopian traditional costume to the famous Manneken Pis. This gift represents a further step in the friendship and cultural relations between Belgium and Ethiopia, which will make the famous landmark of Brussels’s spirit meet Ethiopia’s vibrant national costume. The colourful ceremony which combined dances, music and Ethiopian food and wine tasting in a beautiful sunny weather took place in the city hall of Brussels, built in 1420.
Ambassador Teshome Toga delivering his speech at the dressing-up ceremony at Brussels’ City Hall on the 9th of June 2017
A cultural landmark The tradition of dressing the Manneken-Pis started in the 17th century. After losing his original function in the network of water conveyance of the City, Manneken-Pis gradually became an image and symbol of the Brussels folklore, the joy of the inhabitants and their capacity of self-mockery and freedom. He wears approximately 130 different costumes per year, all according to an official calendar. His wardrobe consists of several hundreds of different costumes, all of which can be viewed in a permanent
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exhibition inside the City Museum, located on the Grand’ Place. The costumes are managed by the non-profit association “The Friends of Manneken-Pis”, which reviews hundreds of designs submitted each year, and selects a small number to be produced and used. The changing of the costume is the occasion of a colourful ceremony, often accompanied by brass band music. Many costumes represent the national dress of nations whose citizen come to Brussels as tourists; others are the uniforms of trades, professions, associations, and branches of the civil and military services.
For every gift, an official demand must be sent to the College of Mayor and Aldermen and is analysed by a committee of members of the Friends of the order of Manneken-Pis and the representatives of the City of Brussels. Only about 20 costumes are accepted every year, and in April 2017, an Ethiopian traditional costume presented by the Ethiopian Embassy in Brussels was officially selected to become the 972nd costume to join the wardrobe of Manneken-Pis.
A wide variety of costumes Ethiopia is the 11th African country to offer a costume to Manneken-Pis. However, Ethiopia does not, strictlyspeaking, have a national dress. Ethiopia’s diverse peoples, cultures landscapes and climates mean that there are several variations of the national costume of Ethiopia. Locals from the highland territories use heavier clothes to protect their body from the cold, precipitation, and winds. People from the lowland plains wear very light-weight and light-colored attires to protect the body from the dry heat and the sun. For example, the people of Harar, a city located on a hilltop in the eastern extension of the Ethiopian highlands, wear colorful heavy clothing. The Afar and Somali, who live in the lowlands, wear long, brightly colored wraps, whereas others like the Bale and Oromo wear bead-decorated leather garments. Despite the large variety of folk clothes in Ethiopia, the conventional national costume is a long white cotton outfit, often embellished with colorful embroidery. Traditional clothing is still worn on a daily basis by many people in the country. For special events like weddings or holidays such as Christmas (Genna) and New Year (Enkutatash) most people like to dress in traditional garb. In consequence, two different costumes were offered to Manneken-Pis, which he will wear alternatively every year on Ethiopia’s National Day, in order to best celebrate the diversity of Ethiopia’s peoples.
A ceremony celebrating friendship About fifty guests from the Friends of the Order of MannekenPis, universities, and other friends of Ethiopia attended the ceremony in the presence of Ethiopian Ambassador H.E. Teshome Toga and Mrs Clémentine Barzin, Brussels Municipal Councillor. Welcoming the guests, Mrs Clémentine Barzin noted that Ethiopia was a country with a long and rich history, and that it was especially pleasant to see that Ethiopian culture was going to be linked to Brussels through Manneken-Pis. In his remarks, H.E. Ambassador Teshome Toga mentioned the timing of the ceremony, which came as Ethiopia was celebrating its 26th National day. H.E. Teshome also
underlined the longstanding and growing friendship between Ethiopia and Belgium, which is particularly intense in the field of academic cooperation and people-to-people relations due to the growing flows of tourists travelling to Ethiopia. He noted that Belgians are frequent travellers to Ethiopia. Symbol of the strength of this friendship, the Belgian citizen continued to visit Ethiopia during the difficult times the country faced in 2016, in a continuation of the commitment made by their forefathers who supported Ethiopian fighters against the Italian aggression in 1941 and whose sacrifice is still vivid in the hearts and minds of Ethiopians. Ambassador Teshome also highlighted the vitality of Ethiopian culture in Brussels, as witness with several much-visited Ethiopian restaurants and well-received concerts from Ethiopian musicians. He finally added that Ethiopia and Belgium also share several similarities, as there are both multicultural countries and their capital cities, Addis Ababa and Brussels, are the seats of the African Union and the European Union respectively. On his behalf, the President of the Friends of Manneken-pis, Mr. Edmond Vandenhaute, declared that” Manneken-pis is excited to be decorated with a colourful Ethiopian costume and share its ancient mosaic of cultures.” Ambassador Teshome then officially handed over two Ethiopian costumes, noting that they truly symbolised the longstanding excellent relationships between the two countries, as they were made by Ethiopian contemporary designers from the fashion design company 251Store and adjusted by a Belgian seamstress. Meanwhile both Mrs Clémentine Barzin and Mr. Edmond Vandenhaute handed over a diploma to H.E. Ambassador Teshome in recognition to the acceptance of the costumes, made with the view of deepening the cultural relationships of the two countries.
The invited guests, along with persons of Ethiopian origin dressed up in colourful traditional costumes, walked in procession to the statue, where Manneken-Pis was already wearing its new costume. More dance performances, songs and music followed under the eyes of a growing crowd made of Friends of Ethiopia and intrigued tourists alike. Manneken-Pis, for its part, remained dressed like an Ethiopian until 6pm on that day, also bearing a tourism brand dubbed “Ethiopia Land of Origins”. Besides Belgians and Ethiopian nationals living in Brussels, tourists from various part of the world also admired Manneken-Pis’s Ethiopian dress and took pictures for the rest of the day. The Ethiopian costumes of Manneken-Pis are now kept in the Museum of the City of Brussels, along its other costumes. All day, while Brussels remained the heart of Europe, the heart of Manneken-pis went to Ethiopia, the Land of Origins.
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Global economy
Walking the walks of the Belt and Road Initiative A contribution of the Embassy of Ethiopia, Beijing
Ethiopia is one of the African countries that welcomed with enthusiasm China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), an ambitious intercontinental development strategy that intends to boost trade and stimulate economy along the proposed Belt and Road routes and beyond. Officially named “The Silk Road Economic Belt” and “The 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road”, the BRI will build massive amounts of infrastructure connecting China to countries around the globe. It will also boost market integration and create a regional economic cooperation framework that will benefit everyone.
Addis-Djibouti Railway, constructed in cooperation with Chinese companies
Whilst the original Silk Road historically connected China with Europe via Central Asia and the Middle East, the new initiative will also link China’s southern coast to East Africa and the Mediterranean. Although the exact significance of the BRI for Africa remains to be defined, it will help the continent plug its infrastructure deficit, a necessary step for economic development, and in particular industrialization.
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Africa clearly stands to benefit from such reconfiguration, in line with the African Union’s Agenda 2063. Many factors, such as the country’s strategic location near Africa, Asia and Europe, combined with its astounding abundance of resources, could contribute to make Ethiopia a key partner for the BRI in Africa. In fact, China is already investing heavily in industrialization projects in Ethiopia
through the construction of industrial zones and major infrastructure projects.
Road” in the skies of Africa, that will play an essential role in promoting investment, trade, tourism and people-topeople relations between Africa and China.
The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation
In terms of maritime transport, the Ethiopian Shipping Lines (ESL) has been sailing to 30 ports in China since 1994 and Chinese companies have already started investing in Djibouti’s port infrastructure. As shipping is the lifeblood to the globalization thrusts in the spirit of BRI, transportation, sipping lines will continue to expand to satisfy the evergrowing needs of private and public enterprises.
China has enhanced its cooperation with Africa to promote the development of transformational infrastructures and industrialization on the continent, and Africans have responded positively to such initiatives.
In 2000, Africa and China’s engagement was formalised trough the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC), the chief platform for China-Africa relations. The 2015 FOCAC Summit upgraded China-Africa relations to a comprehensive strategic and cooperative partnership. China pledged multibillion dollars in financial support to the FOCAC Action Plan (2016-2018) adopted in Johannesburg, with a focus on infrastructure development and industrialization. In April 2016, China singled out a number of countries which would be the focus of its industrial cooperation with Africa before extending the cooperation to the whole continent. The same countries are likely to become the gateways for the Belt and Road Initiative on the African continent, and Ethiopia happens to be at their core.
Facilities connectivity and green energy Ethiopia aspires to scale up its infrastructure investment, which is a strategic pathway to lift growth and foster employment creation and sustainable development and a priority area for implementing the BRI. The physical infrastructures undertaken with Chinese partnership and support are already making a difference in Ethiopia’s overall attractiveness for investments. In addition, both countries are pushing the promotion of green and low-carbon infrastructure construction and operation management, taking into full account the impact of climate change on the construction. Ethiopia has been globally praised for its commitment to building a green non-carbon economy by 2025 and power generating plants and grids built with Chinese financing in Ethiopia are 100% based on developing renewable energy sources.
China has also partnered with Ethiopia through supporting massive telecom infrastructure developments, that have helped in increasing telecom service access and coverage across the nation’s territory as well as in upgrading the existing networks to new technologies. Chinese telecom giants – Huawei and ZTE- have been participating in execution of many projects in Ethiopia.
Linking China and Africa: The Aerial and Maritime Silk Route Ethiopian Airlines (EAL), as one of the largest and longest serving flag carriers in Africa, operates 31 weekly flights from 48 African cities to five gateways in China, (Beijing, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Chengdu). As it is expected that both Africa and China will increase their cultural, tourism and educational exchanges in the future, this expansion will lead to the creation of a real “Aerial Silk
Growing industrial and people-to-people bonds Sino-Ethiopia partnership in industrialization and production capacity building has started dispelling negative myths associated with Africa and supported the narrative of Africa rising instead. China’s surplus capacity is bringing about to Africa employment, quality products, and technology and development ideas, while Ethiopia has strived to develop economic zones and industrial parks as structural booster to jump in industrialization. Chinese enterprises have also started building their own industrial hubs or cities along the railway line running between Addis Ababa and the port city of Djibouti. At the same time, Ethiopia and China have a intensifying people-to-people relation. Thousands of Ethiopians are studying and doing business in China and tens of thousands of Chinese nationals are working in Ethiopia on various projects. These interactions are crucial player to deepen cross-cultural relations and understanding between the two people.
Partnering for building a global community of shared future The relation between Ethiopia and China is not limited solely to the economic sphere, but also extends to peace and security. By improving the living standards of people in the BRI intercontinental sphere, the BRI aims to lay down solid foundations for social stability and favourable conditions for regional peace and the resolution of security issues Ethiopia and China have always been committed towards these goals. In Ethiopia, the fight to make poverty history has for long been connected to its national security and stability. China, for its part, supports the African Union, its regional economic communities and other African subregional institutions to play a leading role in coordinating and solving issues of peace and security in Africa. This showcases China’s commitment to global responsibilities and Sino-African solidarity. But it is also important for the two countries to create more economic zones to continue to attract productive investment in a bid to benefit from production capacity cooperation, employment generation and sustainable economic transformation. Though it is a Chinese initiative, the BRI implies a common journey of nations that will take them to a shared destiny with an incremental process of synergetic cooperation.
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July - August - September 2017
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የዘመናችን የታሪክ አሻራ ሐውልት ሁሉም የዓለማችን አገሮች ይብዛም ይነስም በተለያዩ ጊዜያት ያለፉበት ውጣ ውረድ እና ታሪካዊ የዕድገት ደረጃዎች አሏቸው፡፡ በእያንዳንዱ አገር ታሪክ የዕድገት ደረጃዎች ምን እንደነበሩ ውጣ ውረዱ እንዴት እንደተሻገሯቸው እና ምን ውጤት እንዳስገኘላቸው የሚያሳዩ የታሪክ አሻራዎች/ ሐውልቶች ሰርተዋል፡፡ እነዚህ በየአገሩ የሚገኙ የታሪክ አሻራዎች በተለያዩ ዘመናት የነበሩ የየአገሩ ትውልዶች የወቅቱ አሻራቸው በማኖራቸው አሁን ላለው ትውልድ የኩራትና የኢኮኖሚ ምንጭ ሆነው ያገለግሏቸዋል፡፡ የታሪክ አሻራዎቹ የወቅቱ ትውልድ በቀጥታም ሆነ በተዘዋዋሪ የእውቀት፣ የጉልበትና የገንዘብ አስተዋጽኦ በማድረግ የተሰሩ ናቸው፡ ፡ ለዚህም በዩኔስኮ የተመዘገቡ የዓለም አስደናቂ ቅርሶች ማለትም የግብፅ ፒራሚድ፣ የቻይና ግንብ የኢትዮጵያ ታሪካዊ ቅርሶች እና የመሳሰሉትን በማስታወስ የጉዳዩን አጠቃላይ ሁኔታ ለመረዳት ተጨባጭ ማስረጃዎች ናቸው፡፡ አያት ቅድመ አያቶቻችን በወራሪ ሀይል ላይ በአድዋ የፈፀሙትን አኩሪ ድል እና በጉልበታቸውና በእውቀታቸው ሰርተው ያወረሱን ትውልድ ተሻጋሪ ቅርሶች ለአሁኑ ትውልድ የኩራት ምንጭ ከመሆን ባሻገር ቅርሶቹ በአስደናቂነታቸው የቱሪስት መስህብ እና የአገር ገጽታ ግንባታ አካል ሆነው እየተጠቀምንባቸው እንገኛለን፡፡ የአሁኑ ትውልድ በማንኛውም መለኪያ ቅድመ አያቶቻችን ያስተላለፉለትን የታሪክ አሻራ የሚመጥን ያኖርነው የታሪክ ሐውልት የለም፡፡ ነገር ግን የታሪክ ተወቃሾች ላለመሆን በዘመናችን አንድ ትልቅ ዕድል አጋጥሞናል፡፡ የአሁኑ ትውልድ ጊዜው የሚጠይቀውን የታላቁ የኢትዮጵያ ሕዳሴ ግድብ ፕሮጀክት ላይ የራሱን የታሪክ አሻራ የሚያኖርበት ወቅት ላይ ይገኛል። ባለንበት ዘመን ያጋጠመን ይህ ወርቃማው ዕድል የታሪካችን አሻራችንን የምናስቀምትበት ከዚህ የበለጠ ሌላ ፕሮጀክት የለም፡፡ ሌሎች አገራዊ ሜጋ ፕሮጀክቶች እየተካሄዱ ቢሆኑም የኢትዮዽያ ህዝቦች በተለያዩ ምክንያቶች ለህዳሴው ግድብ የተለየ ትኩረት ይሰጡታል። ለዚህ ፕሮጀክት ሁሉም የህብረተሰብ ክፍል በገንዘቡ፣ በጉልበቱና በማተሪያል በሚችለው ሁሉ የበኩሉን አስተዋፅኦ እያደረገ ይገኛል። በአገራችን ታሪክ እንደህዳሴው ግድብ የኢትዮጵያ ሕዝቦች ይሁንታ የታየበትና የታሪክ አሻራ ያረፈበት የልማት ፕሮጀክት የለም ፡፡ ታላቁ የኢትዮጵያ ሕዳሴ ግድብ አገራችን አሁን ባለችበት የኢኮኖሚ አቅም ሊሰራ የማይታሰብ፣ነገር ግን የ “ይቻላል” መንፈስን በመፍጠር በመላው የኢትዮዽያ ህዝብ ተሳትፎ እየተገነባ ያለ ፕሮጀክት ነው። ለዚህም ነው የህዝብ አሻራ በማኖር እየተገነባ ያለ የባንዴራ ፕሮጀክታችን ነው የምንለው። የኢትዮዽያ ህዝቦች በፕሮጀክቱ ላይ የታሪክ አሻራቸውን የሚያኖሩት ለዘመናት በላያችን ላይ ተንሰራፍቶ የሚገኘውን ዋነኛው ጠላታችን የሆነውን ድህነት ለመዋጋትና ለማሸነፍ አይነተኛና ወሳኝ መሳሪያ በመሆኑ ነው፡፡ ለቀጣይ ትውልድ ልማትን እንጂ ድህነትን ላለማውረስ የአሁኑ ትውልድ ከምንጊዜውም በላይ በልማት ስራ ላይ ርብርብ እያደረገ መሆኑ ይህ ፕሮጀክት አይነተኛ ማሳያ ነው። ታላቁ የኢትዮጵያ ህዳሴ ግድብ ግንባታ ፕሮጀክት ከአገራችን ልማት ባሻገር የጐረቤትና የአካባቢያችን አገሮች የኢኮኖሚና
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The Ethiopian Messenger
ፖለቲካ ትስስር እና አስተማማኝ ሰላም የሚፈጥር ስለሆነ በአካባቢያችን የህዝቦች ታሪካዊ ትስስር ላይ አሻራችን ማኖር ጭምርም ተደርጎ ይወሰዳል። በአንድ ወቅት በአለም ታዋቂና ተፅዕኖ ፈጣሪ የሆነው CNN ቴሌቪዥን ስለ ታላቁ የኢትዮዽያ ህዳሴ ግድብ “A grand dam with the power to light up Africa” በሚል ርእስ ባቀረበው ዝግጅት ፕሮጀክቱ ሲጠናቀቅ ኢትዮዽያ ለአከባቢው አገሮች ዋነኛ የሀይል አቅራቢ አገር እንደምትሆን መግለፁ ለአገሮች የኢኮኖሚ ትስስር ያለው ፋይዳና የአለም ማህበረሰብ ጭምር በአንክሮ እየተከታተለው ያለ ፕሮጀክት መሆኑን ማሳያ ተደርጎ ሊወሰድ ይችላል። ፕሮጀክቱ ሲጠናቀቅ ከሚሰጠው የኢኮኖሚ ጠቀሜታ በተጨማሪ በግንባታው ሂደት በተለያዩ ዘርፎች በአስር ሺዎች የሚቆጠሩ ባለሙያዎች እየተሳተፉበት የሚገኝ በመሆኑ ፕሮጀክቱ በገንዘብና በዕውቀት የማይለካ የቴክኖሎጂ ሽግግር ማእከል ሆኗል። በእስካአሁኑ የስራ ሂደት ከፍተኛ አቅም መገንባት ተችሏል። እየተገነባም ይገኛል። ቴክኖሎጂውን አገራችን ወደ ጀመረቻቸው ሌሎች የልማት ሥራዎች ለማሻገር እንዲሁም ለቀጣይ የሀገር ልማት ለመጠቀም ዕድል ይሰጠናል። የኢትዮጵያ ሕዳሴ ግድብ ግንባታ በተቀመጠለት የጊዜ ሰሌዳ ለማጠናቀቅ ሌት ተቀን ርብርብ እየተደረገ ይገኛል።የዲያስፖራ አባላት እንደማንኛውም ኢትዮዽያዊ በዚህ ፕሮጀክት ላይ የራሳቸውን አሻራ ማኖር እንዲችሉ ጊዜው እየጠየቃቸው ያለው ታሪካዊ ግዴታ ነው። በዚህ ረገድ በተለያዩ አገራት የሚገኙ ኢትዮዽያውያንና ትውልደ ኢትዮዽያውያን የዲያስፖራ አባላት የግንባታው መሰረተ ድንጋይ ከተቀመጠበት ጊዜ ጀምሮ ይህ ታላቅ ፕሮጀክት ያለውን ፋይዳ በመረዳት የፖለቲካ አመለካከት፤ የሀይማኖትና የብሄር ልዩነታቸውን ወደ ጎን በመተው በኢትዮዽያዊ መንፈስ ለግንባታው በተለያዩ መንገዶች ማለትም በሞራል፤ በዲፕሎማሲ፤ በቦንድ ግዢ፣ በስጦታ፣ በሙያ እና በመሳሰሉት ድጋፍ እያደረጉ ይገኛሉ። ከእውቀት አንፃር እንኳን ሲታይ በውጭ የሚኖሩ ኢትዮዽያውያንና ትውልድ ኢትዮዽያውያን እውቀት ለኢትዮጵያ ልማት እጅግ ከፍተኛ አስተዋጽኦ እንደሚኖረው ካለፉት አመታት ልምድ ማየት ያቻላል፡፡ በሕክምና መስክ የሚገኙ ዶክተሮች፣ በኢንጂነሪንግ ዘርፍ ያሉ ኢንጂነሮች፣ አርክቴክቶች፣ ፣ የኮምፒውተር ሳይንስ ምሁራን፣ የሥነ ጥበብ ተመራማሪዎች እና በሌሎች ሙያዎች አንፃር ሲታይ እጅግ ጠቃሚ የሆነ እውቀት በዲያስፖራው ይገኛል። ለኢትዮጵያ እድገትና ልማት የሚውል ከፍተኛ ሀብትና እውቀት በዲያስፖራው አለ። ነገር ግን በዚህ የተቀደሰ የልማት እንቅስቃሴ የዋለ አቅም ከአጠቃላይ የዳያስፖራው ብዛትና አቅም አንፃር ሲታይ አነስተኛ ሆኖ ይታያል፡፡ ከላይ ለመግለፅ እንደተሞከረው እኛ ኢትዮዽያውያን የአገራችን ታሪክ በወሳኝነት የሚቀይር ፕሮጀክት ላይ አሻራችንን የምናስቀምጥበት ታሪካዊ ወቅት ላይ እንገኛለን፡፡በመሆኑም የዲያስፖራው አባላት ቦንድ በመግዛት፤ በሙያቸው፤ በቴክኖሎጂ ሽግግር፤ የባንክ አካውንት በመክፈት፤ በረሚታንስና በመሳሰሉት ባላቸው አቅም ሁሉ በመሳተፍ በአገራቸው እድገትና ብልጽግና ከፍተኛ ሚና መጫወት ይጠበቅባቸዋል። ■
Now Ready for Operation
July - August - September 2017
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The Ethiopian Messenger