Modern Farming Issue 5

modernfarmingmagazine.com

Issue 05 April 2017

S U P P O RT E D B Y

It's showtime!

Show season is here so step into the ring and enter the world of showing livestock

The ASAO At the heart of agricultural shows

Bird flu The latest bird flu restrictions, plus what symptoms to look for and ensuring the welfare of your poultry

Spotlight on the South Hams Step back in time with a visit to the fertile fields of south Devon

Chris Riddle Show Secretary Chris Riddle talks about his role running Cornwall's premier agricultural show

C O R N WA L L - D e v O N - s O m e R s e t - W i Lt s h i R e - D O R s e t - g L O u C e s t e R s h i R e

Welcome Show preparations are in full swing but shows don't just happen. Behind the scenes are a whole plethora of people working to bring to life these annual events which are so important to the industry.

ON THE COVER Showing cattle at the Royal Cornwall Show

Shows combine every aspect of rural life; from showing livestock and sheep dog demonstrations to shearing sheep. Plus, it's a chance to see the latest in farm machinery. Finding out what's new in the food sector is one of the biggest attractions at any show, with something to tempt everyone's palate from cheese to chocolate.

NEXT MONTH • Spotlight on ... The Cotswolds

With shows at the forefront, this month I talk to Chris Riddle, the man responsible for one of the biggest shows in the South West. Also on the subject of shows, learn more about the ASAO, an organisation which works with show committees, large and small, across the country to ensure their events are a success.

Meanwhile, for those who haven't quite been brave enough to step into the show ring, we offer some advice on getting started.

• RBST • Breed profile - Dexters • Environment - Invasive plants • Perfecting your pasture Modern Farming is published by: Event Partnership Publishing

Of course, it's not all fun and games. With bird flu restrictions still in place, we look at why this disease is so virulent and the welfare of birds being kept indoors. Out on the land, soil compaction is of increasing concern to many farmers; we investigate the causes and solutions.

www.eventpp.co.uk hello@eventpp.co.uk 01209 808118 Editor Elizabeth Perry elizabeth@eventpp.co.uk 07563 786824 AdvErtising

And finally, we turn the spotlight on the glorious South Hams where you can step back in time and enjoy the scenery which has been landscaped by farmers over many generations.

Best wishes,

sales Manager Patricia Curnow 07778 215659 patricia@eventpp.co.uk Commercial director Eleanor Mason 07800 513221 eleanor@eventpp.co.uk

Event Partnership Publishing Publishers of Modern Farming Proudly in Partnership with The Royal Cornwall Agricultural Association

Elizabeth Perry Editor

Media services Manager Bethany Harrington 01209 808118 bethany@eventpp.co.uk Managing director Kenny Marshall kenny@eventpp.co.uk

Event Partnership Publishing (EPP) are a forwardthinking, multimedia business with both partnership work and own brand publishing and digital activity. ' 8 ' 0 6 PROUD TO BE PART OF Based in Cornwall our team has over 100 years' 2#460'45*+2 experience in publishing and we work with commercial 2 7 $ . + 5 * + 0 ) clients across the UK. Proud publishing partner to both The Royal Cornwall Agricultural Association and Cornwall Hospice Care, we offer a collaborative approach to ensure our partners' publishing requirements are met. To find out how we can assist your member association, charity or event please get in touch today.

© All rights reserved. Material may not be re-produced without the permission of Event Partnership Publishing. While Modern Farming will take every care to help readers with reports on properties and features, neither Event Partnership Publishing nor its contributors can accept any liability for reader dissatisfaction arising from editorial features, editorial or advertising featured in these pages.

Event Partnership Publishing strongly advise viewing any property prior to purchasing or considerations over any financial decisions.

Event Partnership Publishing reserves the right to accept or reject any article or material supplied for publication or to edit such material prior to publication. Event Partnership Publishing cannot take responsibility for loss or damage of supplied materials. The opinions expressed or advice given in the publication are the views of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of Event Partnership Publishing. It is suggested that further advice is taken over any actions resulting from reading any part of this magazine.

Modern Farming ≈ 3

p16

p48

Contents

p54

p40

p11 SpRING INTO 2017 The BPS season is upon us

p16 A FAmIly AFFAIR Elizabeth Perry meets Show Secretary Chris Riddle and learns more about his work

p22 veTeRINARy Ectoparasites and skin conditions in cattle

p24 IT'S ShOwTIme What does showing livestock really involve? Elizabeth Perry heads to the show ring

p32 SpOTlIGhT ON ...

The South Hams

p40 The ASAO Helping show committees across the country.

p24

p46 pOulTRy heAlTh The latest on Avian influenza

p32

p50 COmpACTed SOIl Causes and solutions

p53 AGRIChAT Discussions on soil and drones

p54 TAkING CONTROl The rules and regulations on curbing rabbits on your land

p58 COuNTRy lAdy Abi Rule looks at how to combat mud fever

FREE CLICK & COLLECT

p58

in store

online

by phone

0345 60 20 212

local Sales Manager

Countrywide Farmers

@countrywide

Modern Farming ≈ 5

NEWS AND VIEWS

Maximising Maize Silage to get the best from our maize crops we need to ensure they are adequately fed with the right nutrients throughout the growing season. A good soil test can tell us what is in the soil already.

Add to this the available nutrients of any organic manures applied and from here we can then decide how much and which type of artificial fertiliser might be required to fulfil the plant's potential.

It's important to remember the four R’s when deciding; the Right product, at the Right rate, in the Right place, at the Right time.

Historically for maize we have applied all the crop's nutrients before or around the time of planting, but these plants require one third of their nitrogen requirement after they have tasselled. By this time a significant proportion could have leached during summer rainfall through the soil profile and potentially the soil could be very dry.

Crops will also be far too tall with soils too dry for granular application leaving foliar application the only option. Liquid urea is an option but it has a very high potential of scorching the plant, especially in July, which could result in large losses.

However, Efficie-N-t 28 is a urea-based polymer that can be applied in combination with pesticides if necessary. At a rate of 20 litres/ha we are providing the crop with 7kg of highly effective nitrogen, applied through a conventional crop sprayer. By processing the urea into long chain polymers, we take away the scorch risk and make the nitrogen release slowly over the course of six to eight weeks.

Nitrogen then enters directly through the leaf

Countrywide's farm & yard delivery service

making a much more efficient entry point for conversion into proteins inside the plant.

Our extensive independent trials have proven that an application of Efficie-N-t 28 at tasselling can easily replace 40kg N/ha from granular sources, alongside an increase in DM, starch and energy yield too.

The product is highly compatible with other plant protection products which can be applied at the same time, such as eye spot fungicides.

For more information:

For more detailed information of our trials, distributors and other products feel free to get in touch: Tel: 01823 673344 or info@agro-vital.co.uk

Land in Exe Valley tops £10,200 at auction

6 ≈ Modern Farming

Countrywide has been supplying agricultural products and services to the rural community for well over 100 years. We pride ourselves not only on the level of service we provide, but also on the breadth of farming supplies we offer.

And now, Countrywide have developed Regional Centres which stock an extended range of farm feed, equipment, equine feed and bedding. These Regional Centres have suitable delivery vehicles plus friendly drivers who can deliver your supplies direct to your farm or yard on a weekly, fortnightly or monthly basis.

Delivery is free for account customers when you spend over £150 (ex VAT) and it’s easy to arrange.

Simply contact your nearest Regional Centre to book a delivery: Amesbury — 01264 711032 Launceston — 01566 772387 Liphook — 01428 725137 Penzance — 01736 711884 Taunton — 01823 275057

StagS Farm Agency is delighted to announce that 18.95 acres (7.61 hectares) of productive Grade 2 arable land close to the Exe Valley village of Thorverton has sold at auction for £194,000, equivalent to £10,238 per acre.

The auction was held at The Ruffwell Inn on the evening of 8th March 2017, with Stags Partner Andrew Luxton at the rostrum.

The land, which includes 0.58 acres of deciduous woodland, is level or very gently sloping and is bounded by a mixture of post and wire fencing and hedgerows with views over the Exe Valley. The land is currently sown with a winter wheat crop and is capable of growing a wide variety of cereal and forage crops.

Stags Farm Agent Andrew Dodds, who handled the sale on behalf of the vendors, was delighted with the result. “More than ever, we are finding that good quality land has an intrinsic appeal. Demand and, as a result, prices are as high as ever for good quality land.”

If you have land which you think may be suitable for auction, please contact Andrew Dodds on 01392 680059 for an informal discussion. If you are interested in buying at auction, please visit www.stags.co.uk/auctions/auctionproperties for a full list of auction dates and lots.

NEWS AND VIEWS

EHFN Micro Farming Group Meeting the Exmoor Hill Farming Network has organised a visit to West Somerset Community College Farm on Wednesday 19th April from 6.30 to 8.30pm.

The evening event will include an interactive farm walk to share the experiences and challenges of running both a farm and educational facility. All are welcome to attend Booking by 17th April is essential and there is a peer support contribution of £5 per person.

Please ensure clean clothing and footwear is worn; a foot dip will be in place.

Visit www.exmoorhillfarmingnetwork.org.uk or call 01643 841455

“Chewing The Cud” with Berry's Agriculture Berry’s Agriculture offers an insight and advice on various products and management tools.

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A GRICULTURE UA LE LIT IB EX Y PERSO NAL - FL

Over the past six weeks, Berry's Agriculture has been delivering both LG Monarch and Aber grass seed mixtures to farmers throughout Devon and Cornwall. Now is the time to think about re-seeding or over-seeding your leys.

Good grass leys can contribute hugely to lowering production costs. A typical medium term ley produces more energy per acre than a high yielding crop of wheat in each of its first four years.

It's been a busy month in the life of James Kittow – Butcher & Grazier I attended a Food and Drink Export Hub in Truro where exporting opportunities and procedures were explained to me as well as to other great food and drink producers from around the county.

Meanwhile, over at Wadebridge, in the Royal Cornwall Events Centre, I was honoured to take part again in the Farm & Country Days, which is hosted by the Royal Cornwall Agricultural Association and Cornwall Food & Farming.

Here, schools around Cornwall are invited to bring eight and nine-year-old pupils to the event to learn about the story of food, where it comes from and how it gets on the dinner table! It is a type of condensed Royal Cornwall Show, with just the agricultural elements on display for all to see and learn about. Definitely a must in the diary!

Morrisons are on a drive to find more local ‘FoodMakers’ and I was lucky enough to be invited to Rattery, Devon, to showcase my sausages and Cornish Hogs Pudding along with 18 other food and drink producers from Devon and Cornwall.

It was a full day of tasting and sampling for the invited participators of the

audience, which included Morrisons’ representatives; from buyers to store staff, loyal customers of Morrisons and not forgetting the local W.I. members. All in attendance were given cards so as to record the producer’s name and products, and also to give feedback and comments on the goods.

Producers who are successful at this stage will hear back soon, and be invited further to talk to Morrisons for possible supply opportunity. Fingers crossed!

Back home at Kilhallon Farm, it's been busy with calving. We have had some Red Rubies and Dexter calves born, with a few more to arrive in the coming months. TB testing is booked in for a couple of weeks’ time, so another worrying time on any farmer’s calendar.

Easter will soon be here and we are looking forward to some good weather that will attract the visitors to the region.

Our fridges are getting stocked up well with local Red Ruby & Hereford beef, which will be maturing for 21 to 28 days before going to some of the finest eateries in Cornwall. Roll on summer, roll on grass ... #Crackin.

Weeds and weed grasses can become dominant in grass swards as they age and its yield and quality decreases significantly. Re-seeding proven sown species will help to lower feed costs. The table below shows how the energy yield from a grass ley changes over time and how this can lead to increased feed bills.

Lost ME Grown (MJ/ha)

Milk equivalent of lost ME (litres/ ha)

Concentrate cost to replace lost ME (£/ha)

11.8

13,320

1,885

197

11.5

33,200

4,698

491

9.8

11.3

51,260

7,254

759

60

8.4

11.0

69,600

9,849

1,030

50

7.0

10.8

86,400

12,226

1,279

Age of Sward (Years)

Ryegrass Contents (%)

Yield (DM/ha)

Herbage ME (MJ/kg DM)

2

95

13.5

12.0

3

90

12.6

5

80

11.2

7

70

9 11

When it comes to picking the right grass seed mixture, you need to be sure your choice offers the best balance of performance and value available.

Berry's has access to the full recommended grass and clover lists and are able to help you select the most appropriate tested mixture for your farm.

We are very passionate about reducing brought in protein and fertiliser and regular re-seeding and over-seeding will help achieve this..

For more information: Call Andy Berry on 07969 164066 to discuss your on-farm requirements.

Modern Farming ≈ 7

NEWS AND VIEWS

Pupils from Breage School

Learning about farm machinery

Cornish primary school pupils learn about farming and food production

O

ver 1500 children enjoyed two interactive days learning about farming and food at the annual Farm & Country Days held at the Royal Cornwall Showground, Wadebridge.

The pupils, aged between seven and nine years of age, came from 40 schools spread across the length and breadth of Cornwall. Over 300 farmers, growers, food producers and representatives from agricultural and food production-related businesses created around 60 hands-on exhibits to bring to life the story that food takes from farm to plate.

The children came face-to-face with dairy and beef cattle, sheep, pigs and goats. They also discovered how vets care for farm animals; visited a milking parlour to learn about milk production; crimped pasties under the guidance of Warrens Bakery, and enjoyed tasting Callestick ice-cream.

They also discovered what lurks in Cornish hedgerows and, with Elsa and Rona Amis who farm on the Lizard, explored the important role animal dung plays.

Jane Wheeler, Year Four teacher from Kea Community Primary School, said the children thoroughly enjoyed the event, taking a huge amount away from it.

“The children were really buzzing with new knowledge and ideas when we got back to school.

We would like every child in our school to benefit f rom this experience.”

Theresa Mills, head teacher at South Petherwin Primary School, echoed these sentiments; “So much work has gone into the event but every single second of it was worthwhile. A really outstanding day.”

Jacky Cherry from the Cornwall Food & Farming Group said that whilst the event was great fun for all involved

8 ≈ Modern Farming

it also presents a gilt-edged opportunity to educate the next generation about how the industry works.

"The aim of the Farm & Country Days is to bridge the ever widening gap in the understanding of the care, attention and shear effort our farmers and food producers put into creating our food. Hopefully we’re helping to create better informed future customers and inspire more talent to become agriculturalists in the future.

"So much work has gone into the event but every single second of it was worthwhile."

RCAA Media & Education manager, Steven Michell said; “This event wouldn’t be possible without the army of volunteers who kindly give up their time and expertise. Generous sponsorship from the Dartington Cattle Breeders Trust, Consols Oils, Stephens Scown, Truro Primestock Show, Harpers Feeds, NatWest, Cornwall Council, Mole Valley Farmers and the Cornish Winter Fair helped support schools with transport costs enabling them to access the event.”

Over the past four years more than 6000 pupils have attended the event and it is fully subscribed for 2018 and approaching capacity for 2019, such is the demand from local schools to immerse their pupils in the farming and food topic. n

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PROPERTY

Spring into action for the 2017 Basic Payment Scheme As the hubbub of the Christmas festivities becomes a distant memory and St Valentine’s day has been and gone, I am starting to notice that everything is looking a little bit greener and the days are stretching out into early evening. My daffodils are poking themselves up above ground, the livestock have an air of excitement about them and with the association of these observations linking strongly to Easter, I am suddenly aware that the Basic Payment Scheme (BPS) season is also upon us.

W

e are advised by the RPA that 93 per cent of 2016 claimants were paid by the end of December 2016, although I am aware of many who have not yet received anything for 2016 and unfinished digital remapping is believed to be the culprit. Payment levels were higher than expected at approx. £85/acre on Non-SDA and SDA land giving a welcome bonus to those who have received theirs.

However, I have only this morning received my first letter from the RPA to say that one of my many underpayment appeals for the 2015 BPS scheme year has now been identified and sent for payment.

Other statistics released by the RPA are that over 80 per cent of applications were made online in 2016, and over half of all applications are made by agents.

This year the cross compliance rules have been updated again, to include field parcels of 2ha (approx. 5 acres) or less having to comply with watercourse buffer strips which were previously exempt. A review has also been undertaken of the Nitrate Vulnerable Zones and many have received letters advising that their holding is now within a NVZ. This means that amongst other requirements you must keep accurate records of what chemical fertilisers you apply where; how much dung is made, stored and applied to the land, and a map should be prepared showing areas at risk of run off.

We have seen a record number of penalties applied to claimants over the last 12 months. The most commonly occurring seemed to be late TB testing, with very little sympathy from the APHA for any excuses. Absence of medical records, missing passports and missing ear tags were also recurring reasons.

The application window is now open and we have made several early applications already, all applications should be made by 15th May 2017 in order to avoid

Lizzie Burton, Director of West Country Rural Ltd has a large number of BPS clients and long experience of the SPS and BPS systems.

attracting penalties. It is advised that if you have not signed into the RPA online system for a while then your password may have lapsed, so it is worth getting this sorted in plenty of time to avoid a last minute panic!

There are no paper maps anymore; they are all online so do not wait for them to come in the post. As the new online mapping system is not yet fully up and running, it is likely that all amendments will have to be done with a paper form so again, it is advisable to get any changes done in advance although they will not be completed by the time you make this year’s application.

Entitlements are another area to check, if you have disposed of land or bought/rented in a new block then you may need to sell / buy additional entitlements.

These are trading at between £170-£190/Non-SDA entitlement at present (Mar 2017) and here at West Country Rural we have about 300 on the books, so please do get in touch if you are in need of a top-up.

We know that the BPS will continue to year 2020 and therefore there are four years left to make use of these entitlements which so far have paid out between £185-£205/entitlement/year - I have seen no better investment opportunities in recent years.

Contact: Coombe Farm Cottage, Cheriton Bishop, Exeter EX6 6JL lizzie@westcountryrural.co.uk www.westcountryrural.co.uk T: 01647 24831 M: 07738 162673

Modern Farming ≈ 11

COUNTRYWIDE FARMERS

Colostrum is key for healthy calves Heifer rearing is the second highest cost of dairy farming so a focus on maximising genetic potential could help to reduce the indirect costs of sub-optimal milk production whilst increasing herd productivity.

T

he latest science shows that the first eight to ten weeks of a calf’s life represent a huge opportunity to improve the long-term performance of a dairy herd and colostrum is a vital component of early-life nutrition. Feeding adequate volumes of good quality colostrum at the correct time is one of the most important factors that can influence calf health and performance.

Colostrum has a very different nutrient profile to whole milk; it is a nutrient-dense feed with approximately twice the dry matter, five times as much protein as well as a higher fat and mineral content than whole milk. Not only does colostrum provide essential nutrients to the new-born calf, it also stimulates digestive activity and is a critical source of immune protection. Colostrum contains immunoglobulins that function as antibodies to support the immune system.

Calves are born with no immunity against disease.

Instead, they rely entirely on absorption from colostrum to provide adequate immunity and protection until their own immune system develops at three to four weeks old through exposure to diseases and organisms in the environment. Inadequate colostrum feeding leads to higher mortality rates, low growth rates and generally poorer health.

To optimise antibody absorption, colostrum should be fed as soon as possible after birth; at the latest within six hours of birth. Continuing to feed colostrum for the first two to three days before moving to calf milk replacer or whole milk offers additional benefits and has been shown to support development of the gut. Effective colostrum management protocols can make a big difference to calf performance and get them off o the best possible start for minimal additional cost at turnout. Typical intakes are up to 300g per head per day. n

12 ≈ Modern Farming

the 3 QS Following colostrum management protocols based on the 3 Qs will help get calves off to the best possible start.

QuAlity All colostrum is not the same and it is essential to feed good quality colostrum which should contain at least 50g of IgG per litre and have minimal bacterial contamination (<100,000 cfu/ml).

Many factors affect colostrum quality including breed, age and dry period length as well as the immune status of the dam and timing of first milking. As it is difficult to visually assess colostrum quality the use of a colostrometer or refractometer is recommended.

Storage and handling also influence colostrum quality: ® Only select good quality colostrum ® Ensure storage containers are clean, hygienic and easily labelled ® Cool colostrum quickly after collection (if not being fed immediately) to reduce the risk of bacterial contamination and proliferation as bacteria in colostrum can reduce absorption of antibodies. ® Colostrum can be refrigerated for up to seven days or frozen for up to one year; this will allow a bank of good quality colostrum to be accessible at all times.

QuAntity Best practice recommendations are to supply 10 per cent of calf body weight which equates to around four litres of colostrum for the average Holstein Friesian calf. Feeding good quality colostrum at this level at the correct time will supply the calves with a sufficient level of antibodies. Feeding a large volume of colostrum will not overcome low immunoglobulin concentration or high bacterial contamination.

QuiCkly Timing of colostrum feeding is critically important as calves have a short-lived ability to absorb immunoglobulins. The cells lining the intestine begin to mature shortly after birth meaning the ability to absorb immunoglobulins significantly reduces with time, with the intestine being unable to absorb large molecules by 24 hours old.

For more information:

Contact your local Countrywide Agri Sales Manager or call 0345 602 0212.

www.countrywidefarmers.co.uk

COUNTRYWIDE FARMERS

Flies can be a costly nuisance to the UK’s cattle and sheep population.

A

The Spot-On Solution for Cattle and Sheep

n effective plan for control should be implemented to control the seasonal surge in fly population numbers, and prevent the development of associated disease and related productivity challenges caused.

There are many risks associated with not treating flies and external parasites on cattle, which include reduced calf weight gain and reduced milk yields 1.

In addition to the obvious irritation and stress caused by painful bites, flies can also transmit a number of diseases, causing both financial and welfare concerns.

Biting flies, such as the sheep head fly, Hydrotaea irritans, have been implicated in the transmission of summer mastitis in cattle2. Loss of an affected quarter reduces future milk production by 10 per cent and affected cows command poorer sale prices; Convalescence is extended and cattle may lose 50 to 100kg liveweight3.

Deltamethrin as an insecticide is known for its speed of action and potent kill – effective against flies, lice and other external parasites. n

DiD you know?

on Spotinor please speak to your Countrywide Agri Specialist or your Local Sales Manager.

Call us on 0345 6020212

® It only takes 10 to 20 head flies to have a negative economic impact on farm4. ® The horn fly will feed on blood from cattle up to 40 times per day. This could lead to blood loss and constant irritation for the animal4.

Spotinor is a deltamethrin spot on treatment that is easy to apply and the simple dosing negates the need to weigh animals before treatment and so saves time and labour. It is barely absorbed through the skin meaning the majority of the active ingredient remains on the surface of the animal, where it is needed.

Spotinor featureS anD benefitS ® Easy dosing – no need to weigh ® One product for cattle, sheep and lambs ® Aids prevention of ticks in young lambs ® Zero milk withdrawal in cattle ® 17 day meat withhold for cattle ® 35 day meat withhold for sheep

For more information:

www.countrywidefarmers.co.uk

1. Taylor, B. D. et al. (2012). Economic impact of stable flies (Diptera muscidae) on dairy and beef cattle production. Journal of Medical Entomology. 49(1).

2. Bramley, A. J. et al. (1985). British Veterinary Journal. 141, 618-627.

3. NADIS (2016) Mastitis control and management of mastitis in cattle – summer mastitis [Online]. Available at: http://www.nadis.org.uk/bulletins/mastitis-control-andmanagement/mastitis-part-11-summer-mastitis-in-cattle.aspx [Accessed 10.03.17] 4. Wall, R. and Shearer, D. (2001). Veterinary Ectoparasites: Biology, Pathology and Control, 2nd Edition.

Modern Farming ≈ 13

THE AGRICULTURAL MORTGAGE CORPORATION

Long-term planning in uncertain times I

n a landscape of continued volatility and with the terms of the UK’s withdrawal from the EU likely to be uncertain for some time, planning your financial future is one area you can take control of.

Whether your priorities are managing risk, taking new opportunities or a combination of both, AMC is on hand to support you. We draw on over 85 years of experience in helping the farming and agriculture sector succeed in variable conditions and have a deep understanding of the issues you face.

Plan ahead with confidence Our Standard Loan provides long-term funding for up to 30 years, allowing you to plan ahead with confidence.

Fixed or variable interest rates*, and a choice of interestonly or repayment terms mean that you can build the funding package that’s right for you.

Manage uncertainty For more short-term needs or to help you manage fluctuations in your income or expenditure, our Flexible Facility allows you to borrow £30,000+ for up to five years. Repayments can be made at a rate that suits your cash flow, so when money is tight, you can reduce your monthly payment and when you have cash to spare, you can make extra payments to reduce the amount you owe.

14 ≈ Modern Farming

AMC Regional Agricultural Manager Jonathon Day

"We draw on over 85 years of experience in helping the farming and agriculture sector succeed in variable conditions" So whether you’re planning for the long term, seeking certainty or managing short-term risks and opportunities, we have funding solutions that meet your needs. n For more information: contact Jonathon day, regional agricultural Manager, aMc on 07834 868316 or visit our website at www.amconline.co.uk/borrow * there is always a possibility that interest rates may go down Leaving a fixed-rate loan at a higher level compared to a variable rate loan. However, if interest rates rise a fixed-rate loan will remain at the same rate.

AMC loans available for business purposes only, provided on a secured loan basis. Minimum AMC standard loan £25,001, minimum flexible facility £30,000. To meet customer requirements, lending criteria will vary. Lending is subject to status.

Anything but standard Secured against your land, our Standard Loans can offer you more. Available for 5 to 30 years and without annual reviews*, you’re free to get on with what you do best.

amconline.co.uk/standard | 01264 334747 *Subject to AMC credit criteria and your obligations to AMC continuing to be met.

The Agricultural Mortgage Corporation plc. AMC loans available for business purposes only, provided on a secured loan basis. Minimum AMC Standard Loan £25,001, minimum Flexible Facility £30,000. To meet customer requirements, lending criteria will vary. Lending is subject to status.

MEET THE SHOW SECRETARY

A family affair

Chris Riddle at the showground offices

Elizabeth Perry learns more about Chris Riddle and his prestigious role as Show Secretary of the Royal Cornwall Agricultural Association

A

s the man responsible for the success of the biggest annual event in the county, it could have been a daunting task interviewing Chris Riddle. After all, he is a very important man in the agricultural world, but Chris proves to be open, amiable and keen to share his love of agriculture and its future in Cornwall.

Chris’s father, Albert, was Show Secretary before him and so Chris grew up with the job in his family. “I did various business and agriculture courses after school,” he remembers, “and then I started work as Assistant Secretary in a junior role."

When his father retired in 1989, Chris applied for and was offered the job as Secretary, only the ninth secretary since the Society was founded in 1793.

“I was quite young, only 25 when I took on this prestigious role,” he recalls. “My father had been Secretary for 32 years and had been the first full-time secretary when he started in 1957.

Chris is in charge of the Royal Cornwall Showground at Wadebridge

 Inset: Chris's father, Albert Riddle, at the showground.

16 ≈ Modern Farming

MEET THE SHOW SECRETARY  The team pictured in 2015 with HRH The Countess of Wessex who was the 2014 Show President.

 HRH The Princess Royal attended the Show in 2013.

“The Show is the main focus of my work, plus the Farm and Country days and the Cornish Winter Fair.”

Chris is responsible for organising the show; from ensuring health and safety regulations are in place to arranging the judges. “Anything to do with the showground is my responsibility,” he says. “But I do have a diligent team with eight other full-time people. There are also varying numbers of part-time casual workers.

“The Show is the main focus of my work, plus the Farm and Country days and the Cornish Winter Fair.”

Chris doesn’t believe in taking life easy and is heavily involved with numerous organisations and charities.

“I’m Trustee of the Royal Agricultural Society of the Commonwealth which is fantastic – the farms and countries are very different as well as being in many ways very similar. We get to see like-minded people at mainly royal shows across the Commonwealth, including New Zealand, Australia and Africa” Chris pauses to consider his other roles but then barely takes a breath as he reels off the list including being Trustee of the Royal Smithfield Club and for the last 22 years he has been Honorary Secretary of the Huers Farming Club as well as Honorary Secretary of the Ken Thomas Charitable Trust. He is also a committee member of the Farmers Club in London and Honorary Secretary of the Wadebridge Prime Stock Association. Chris has recently ended a ten-year term as a Trustee for RABI (and was previously the National Chairman), as well as leaving the board of the ASAO of

which he has also been a former National Chairman.

Not all Chris’s roles are related to agriculture. “I’m also Chairman of The Caughley Society for something a bit different,” he reveals.

With his fingers in so many pies, Chris admits that he has to be very organised. “Though you wouldn’t know it if you looked at my desk. But I do like lists," he laughs.

The Royal CoRnwall AgriculturAl Society (rcAS) The RCAS was found in 1793 and began life as the Cornwall Agricultural Society with a ploughing match in Truro. Since then it has moved around the county finally settling at its current home at Wadebridge in 1960.

The RCAS is a registered charity and has a voluntary body called the Council with 48 elected members who oversee the work.

Modern Farming ≈ 17

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MEET THE SHOW SECRETARY

Chris meeting HRH Princess Alexandra

Good dayS and bad

The 1993 was Chris’s most memorable show – though not for good reasons. “It was the final day of the show which was celebrating its 200th anniversary. The weather was dreadful; so bad that we were forced to cancel the last day. Lots of areas of Cornwall had been cut off because of flooding. I had to make the decision, in consultation with other senior officials, to cancel the day.”

Fortunately, that was the only occasion when Chris had to make that difficult decision. Other shows have been memorable for other reasons. “We’ve had wonderful Royal visits including two by the Queen which stand out for me,” he says.

The fuTure Chris is looking forward to building new facilities as the Show continues to develop and reflect Cornwall and its agriculture.

“The show has become bigger and changed over the years,” explains Chris, “with more local food and Brand Cornwall. Food is now definitely a much bigger part of it but the change was gradual. We reflect what agriculture is doing,” he says. “And Brexit will have opportunities for Cornwall brands so we can only grow.”

Today it would be difficult to imagine the show without the truly amazing selection of breeds on display over the three days of the show. But Chris reveals that in the early part of his father’s tenure, there were doubts about whether the livestock show would continue.

“Some of the breeds started to disappear and there simply wasn’t the interest in maintaining or showing the various breeds so there was a worry the livestock show wouldn’t survive,” remembers Chris. Now, of course, the show is packed with animals of every description as rare breeds have made a comeback, and Chris reveals that the showground now has planning permission for a hall for sheep.

a Job for LIfe

 Top: Chris presents the prize to the Calf Show Junior winner Below: The Royal Cornwall Show attracts people from across the South West.

Now in his 50s Chris is very happy in his role as Secretary and has no plans to retire anytime soon.

“My father retired at 65,” says Chris, “and he always had that in his mind to do. So when he retired, it was a happy handover.” However, Chris who has a daughter, Emma, 25, and a son, Harry, 20, is unlikely to pass on his job to the next generation as neither are currently showing any interest in carrying on the family tradition.

It is clear that Chris values deeply the long and distinguished history of the society and sees it developing gradually, in pace with the life of agriculture in the county.

“The Royal Cornwall is a remarkable Show,” emphasises Chris. “Its played above its weight for its size and can compete with bigger shows. But of course the people of Cornwall, and further afield, give the show wonderful support which makes it what it is.” n

For more information visit: Information about the Show, when it is and how you can buy tickets visit www.royalcornwallshow.org/visitors/tickets

Modern Farming ≈ 19

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Collected in bulk, no sorting or bagging required.

Silage pit tyres removed.

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For prompt friendly service call: 07411 243013 or email greenaway.recycling@gmail.com AND GET IT GONE! www.greenawayrecycling.co.uk Marley Head, South Brent, TQ10 9LT

NEWS AND VIEWS

Greenaway Recycling

Spring is almost here again with many fertilizer spinners and plate meters being dusted off and fired up. Truth be known it hasn’t been the hardest of winters weather wise (so far!) and with a bit of luck it will be a good spring for farmers.

We all need a bit of luck, but we can also make our own. Being well organised can help us make the most of opportunity and hedge against adversity.

Greenaway Recycling has grown constantly over the last ten years, and whilst it has had some good fortune, the company has been organised and made the most of the opportunities that have come its way.

Many farmers, because of instantly needing that silage pit or a looming farm assurance inspection, need their plastic gone in a hurry. Greenaway has expanded it’s fleet and staff so the company’s response time is cut down to an absolute minimum.

Farmers can get rid of their unsorted plastic with just one phone call. This creates opportunities for the business from farmers who want a prompt service with virtually no waiting time. The prompt service has also led to recommendations from existing customers that once again helps Greenaway to grow, and thus reduce costs through better efficiencies which can be passed back to the farmer.

OrganisatiOn Being organised with their waste can help farmers as well. Having a designated place for farm plastic can reduce contamination and hence lead to lower disposal costs.

Farmers who club together in groups can also reduce transport costs and therefore reduce the final cost of plastic disposal. With winter almost over, many farmers are stopping the feeding of wrapped silage and are now spreading fertilizer.

By being ahead of the game, farmers can call Greenaway and have all their winter plastic removed before summer starts. Having a clean and tidy farm makes farming easier, keep the farm assessor and wife happy as well making it feel as though summer is just around the corner.

For more information: If you don’t want to wait and want your plastic gone this week, give Dave a call at Greenaway on 07411 243013 and he will get to it straight away.

Devon's Farmer of the Year 2016 gordon and hazel Davis

Devon Farm Business Awards 2017 The Devon Farm Business Awards, which are in their fourth year, are organised by Addington Fund, Stephens Scown LLP and Devon County Agricultural Association. The awards celebrate and showcase the best farmers and farming businesses in Devon.

Phil Reed, head of rural services at Stephens Scown said; “Helping to develop and organise the Devon Farm Business Awards is a source of great pride at Stephens Scown. We are

passionate about farming, but we know it is never easy. When times are challenging it is more important than ever to celebrate success and the Awards is a great way to do that.”

For more information: More information on the awards and who has been nominated can be found at www.addingtonfund.org.uk/ event-type/devon-farm-business-awards.

Tickets for the black tie dinner and awards presentation on Wednesday 17th May at Westpoint are available at £50 per person.

New PDR could allow five new dwellings from a barn The Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) is reported to be consulting on the introduction of a new agricultural-to-residential permitted development right (PDR) which would allow conversion of a farm building of up to 750m2, for a maximum of five new dwellings, each with a floorspace of 150m2.

Under current Class Q legislation, up to three units can be created with a maximum floorspace of 450m2. A single dwelling of 450m2 is permitted under Class Q , but would not be allowed under the new rule.

The government document says it will also revise planning guidance to clarify what constitutes ‘reasonably necessary’ building

work to convert barns to homes under the Class Q rules, as well as increase the threshold to 465m2 to remove an anomaly.

Head of Stags Planning Services team, Alister King-Smith, says the changes aim to support the delivery of rural homes for rural workers. “The shortage of housing in rural areas is recognised as a major problem by the government. By allowing larger agricultural barns to be converted into a higher number of smaller homes they can be seen to be helping the supply of affordable housing.”

For more information: Visit www.stags.co.uk - Webfind: 75411 or contact Alister King-Smith on 01392 439046 or email a.king-smith@stags.co.uk

Modern Farming ≈ 21

Veterinary

~ Treatment of the louse infestation using a pour-on synthetic preparation.

There are a range of parasites which live on cattle and can cause skin problems Lice (PedicuLosis)

diagnosis

Infestations with lice can cause production losses due to reduced feeding time and damaged hides. Louse populations are highest in cattle kept indoors during the winter months, and those in poor body condition (rather than lice being the cause of the debility).

Careful inspection of the skin using a magnifying glass will identify adult louse populations and eggs adherent to hairs. Further examination under a microscope at x100 will differentiate the particular lice species present.

Five species of louse infest cattle. They are classified as either biting lice (only one species) or sucking lice (four species). Spread occurs by direct contact with increases in population size during housing and cooler weather. The life cycle from egg, through three nymph stages to adult, is three weeks and all are spent on the host.

treatment/controL

® Treatment uses a pour-on synthetic pyrethroid preparation such as deltamethrin. ® Injectable group III anthelmintics (ivermectin, doramectin and eprinomectin) will remove all sucking lice, and >98 per cent of biting lice. When used as pour-on preparations it will remove all lice. All cattle in direct contact must be treated.

cLinicaL Presentation

Heavy infestations cause irritation leading to rubbing against feed barriers resulting in hair loss, usually over the neck and shoulders. It also disrupts feeding patterns.

sarcoPtic mange Sarcoptic mange occurs worldwide but is rare in the UK.

Severe louse infestation in a Limousin bull

cLinicaL Presentation

Infestation causes severe pruritus with serum exudation and gross thickening of the skin particularly over the neck.

The intense pruritus can lead to disrupted feeding patterns and weight loss progressing to debility in neglected cattle.

Be aware that sarcoptic mange can be transferred to human beings.

diagnosis

Skin scrapings with microscopic demonstration of mites.

treatment

® Potential treatments include a pour-on synthetic pyrethroid preparation, and injectable or pour-on group III anthelmintics (ivermectin, doramectin and eprinomectin). ® Biosecurity measures should prevent introduction of infested cattle.

22 ≈ Modern Farming

All images Phil Scott,the NADIS unless otherwise stated.

Skin Conditions in Cattle – Ectoparasites

Veterinary

A Simmental bull with psoroptic mange

Ticks Ticks (Ixodes ricinus) are not important in the UK except acting as a vector for the occasional case of redwater (Babesia spp) and tick-borne fever (Ehrlichia phagocytophila).

TreaTmenT

® Topical application of pyrethroid preparations is the standard treatment.

Photo: Andrew White

chOriOPTic mange

PsOrOPTic mange Psoroptic mange occurs worldwide but since October 2007 there have been very occasional reports of disease in the UK. This is caused by infestation with the mite Psoroptes ovis which is thought to have arisen following the importation of infested cattle.

There is no reported association with sheep scab, but the bull pictured above developed psoroptic mange after being housed in a barn which previously housed sheep with sheep scab. Further studies are required to clarify the relationship between disease in cattle and sheep.

Chorioptic mange, caused by infestation with Chorioptes bovis, is commonly seen in adult cattle in the UK towards the end of the winter housing period.

cLinicaL PresenTaTiOn

Infestation with C. bovis causes serum exudation and thickening of the skin characteristically at the base of the tail. Infestation may spread to the udder, scrotum and limbs.

Chorioptic mange is most often observed coincidentally by your veterinary surgeon during pregnancy diagnosis.

Skin scrapings demonstrate the presence of mites.

TreaTmenT

® See sarcoptic mange, although treatment is rarely necessary and lesions resolve spontaneously when cattle are turned out to pasture in the spring. n  Serum exudation and thickening of the skin at the base of the tail are characteristic of chorioptic mange.

cLinicaL PresenTaTiOn

Serum exudation and thickening of the skin particularly over the neck and over the dorsal midline is reported in the UK. In some cattle, psoroptic mange can cause severe clinical signs with adverse health and welfare.

TreaTmenT You can see adult louse and eggs on the skin and adhering to the hairs 

® See treatment for sarcoptic mange. However, there have been several confirmed reports that cattle have failed to respond to macrocyclic lactones and synthetic pyrethroids. Strict biosecurity is therefore essential for this new condition and many others.

a VaLUaBLe resOUrce The main aim of naDis is to highlight the importance of better animal health through veterinary health planning and to encourage dialogue between farmers/livestock handlers and their veterinary practitioner. NADIS provides a valuable learning resource and revision guide for everyone interested in animal health and welfare.

For more information: Visit www.nadis.org.uk

Modern Farming ≈ 23

Livestock

It’s showtime!

Thousands of animals are led around the ring every year by hopeful owners in search of that elusive rosette.

But what does showing livestock really involve?

Elizabeth Perry heads to the show ring.

~ Winning is the ultimate aim in showing.

P

ace yourself. That's the first piece of advice.

You may be keen to embrace showing wholeheartedly but it’s wise to start small.

There’s a huge amount of work involved every time you show an animal so focus on one show. Learn from other competitors and don’t be afraid to ask for tips.

EntEring shows Do your research at the beginning of the year. Classes have strict deadlines so keep an eye on when entries open and the closing date, which will be well before the actual show. For example, entries for Livestock at the 2017 Royal Cornwall Show opened on 28th February and close on 18th April.

why show?

Showing is a chance for you to select your best stock to promote your herd or flock, and to attract the attention of potential buyers including breeders and butchers It can also satisfy the competitive urge for those who like to win, as well as seeing what the competition are producing. But most of all, it’s a great way to meet like-minded people to share knowledge and have fun.

24 ≈ Modern Farming

Plan ahEad You need plenty of time to prepare your animals for the show and that can be from when the animal is just days old. You want to show your animals to their best advantage in both how they look and how you handle them.

It goes without saying that feeding maketh the animal.

Show feeds are available but owners often have their own special (and secret) feeding regimes to get their animals into peak condition.

Ensuring the animal’s coat or fleece is perfect for showing takes time, so note when you will need to shear or clip the animal so that they have the correct amount of wool or coat. Remember, once it’s been cut off it can’t be stuck back on! Breed societies have strict standards to which your animal must adhere. You can find helpful information on breed websites which explain how to prepare your breed for the show ring.

"It’s a great way to meet like-minded people to share knowledge and have fun."

Livestock

"It is essential that you are able to handle your animal in the ring"

Take plenty of fresh straw to keep your animal clean

All pics: Royal Cornwall Show/Agripicture.com

Handling It is essential that you are able to handle your animal in the ring; it will be embarrassing for you and potentially dangerous if you can’t control your livestock. Cattle and sheep can be halter trained and this should start as soon as possible; animals halter trained at a young age will always be much easier to handle.

Practise leading the animal daily, standing on the nearside. Start in an enclosed space before progressing outside and keep on trying until the animal can be led calmly; judges can’t assess animals which won’t walk properly.

Halting the animal so that it is standing square is a fine art but an essential part of showing. Cattle can be encouraged by gently pressing a show stick against the coronet band which will cause the animal to move the foot backwards, or by hooking the stick behind the heel to move the foot forwards. Get your animal used to doing this at home so it won’t come as a shock in the ring.

While sheep and cattle can be led, pigs are a different prospect; practise herding the animal with a driving board and show stick in a clockwise direction around a home-made ‘ring’. While the watching crowd might be amused watching you chase a pig the judge won’t be so it pays to practise.

The animal can be encouraged to stand square using a show stick  Classes offer young handlers a chance to demonstrate their skills

Animals must be happy to be handled by the judges who will want to touch and examine each part of the animal. The judge won’t be impressed if the animal is misbehaving or unable to stand still. Ask friends and family (who are familiar with livestock), to gently stroke and touch the animal to get it used to other handlers and to being touched all over; judges are very thorough so ensure animals are used to their feet, tails, testicles and teats being handled.

Be prepared Keep a list of what you need and pack everything in advance of the show. You will be too stressed and busy on the day to worry about checking for brushes and clean shoes. Check what time you need to arrive; shows have specific rules on arrival of livestock and you may not be allowed to show if you don’t register by the deadline.

Arrive in plenty of time so you can set up and relax; any stress you are feeling will be picked up by the animal which may forget all your careful training once in the ring.

Modern Farming ≈ 25

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www.modernfarmingmagazine.com

Livestock

From pigs to goats, there are classes for a vast number of animals

Rings can get busy but keep an eye on the judge

RINg ETIqUETTE Attend some shows as a visitor so you can see what is expected in the ring and to see how other entrants handle their animals.

Once you are called into the ring, the stewards and judges will direct you so try to concentrate on them.

This can be very difficult if your animal doesn’t like its neighbour and is trying to edge away, but you will soon learn to multi-task. Try not to get between the judge and your animal so that it’s on display at all times.

When driving pigs, it’s imperative that you don’t allow your pig to interrupt the judge when he assessing other animals; this won’t win you any points.  Attention to detail is vital; a new rope halter and a clean white coat

SHOW TIME Making the animals look their best has become a fine art with entrants being primped and pampered just minutes before entering the ring.

Even relatively minor details may result in missing out on a rosette so If you are using a rope halter, make sure it’s clean or new; every aspect of your presentation will be judged.

Remember that you are also on show; clean smart clothes, usually a shirt and tie, with a clean white coat (don’t put this on until you are about to enter the ring). Wear suitable shoes which will give you control when handling the animal. If the show is outside, be prepared for bad weather.

Stay calm, smile and be courteous, not only to the judges and stewards but to other competitors. And have fun; you may not win today but there’s always the next show! n

For more information visit: For shows across the UK visit The ASAO – www.asao.co.uk Royal Cornwall Show – www.royalcornwallshow.org Devon County Show – www.devoncountyshow.co.uk Royal Bath and West Show – www.bathandwest.com/royal-bath-and-west-show North Somerset Show – www.nsas.org.uk/north-somerset-show NSA South West – www.nationalsheep.org.uk/sheep-south-west

Modern Farming ≈ 27

Battling Brexit with British Friesians There are many challenges that face British Agriculture, but one that is currently top of the list is uncertainty.

D

airying has a long lead-in time, approximately four years, and trying to plan for the future is proving challenging to say the least.

There is a very substantial trade deficit in dairy, including cheese, and so the potential for import substitution should be ours for the taking now we are not under quota restriction.

However, things are never straightforward and it remains to be seen what attitude Government takes to trade deals. This is also a major challenge for the Processors as future investment will depend on steady supplies of suitable milk at competitive prices.

If this cannot be delivered at a price to cover reasonable cost of production, then that is tragic for the future of our great dairy industry and all those associated with it.

The British Friesian breed has shown resilience in the past and survived ‘yo-yoing’ prices. With the increasing cost of inputs from abroad, it would make sense to utilise home-grown feedstuffs. Bred from a grazing background, and with superior fertility and longevity, the feed-efficient British Friesian is well placed to perform off cheaper, more sustainable grass-based rations. The male calves add extra income, whether on a simple barley/beef system, or more extensively as steers off grass. All these attributes add up to that all-important profit; for example, reduced serves per cow; low cost of replacements, and constituent value. n For further advice: www.holstein-uk.org / www.britishfriesian.co.uk

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28 ≈ Modern Farming

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PROPERTY

Planning permission farm buildings Agricultural buildings historically have had preferential treatment within the planning system both in terms of permitted development and how planning applications are assessed.

O

ver the years, however, rules and perceptions have changed and of course agricultural buildings have become much larger and complex. There is also a large amount of misinformation which has led some landowners to get themselves into difficulties unknowingly.

Permitted develoPment There is a whole range of development which, by its very nature, is deemed to be minor and not require planning permission. The Town and Country Planning (General Permitted Development) (England) Order 2015 Part 6 (Agricultural and forestry) Class A relates to agricultural permitted development on units of 5 hectares or more and covers buildings up to 465m2 in area.

There are a number of restrictions where the permitted development rights may not apply for example: ® Livestock buildings within 400m of non-farm dwellings ® Buildings within 25m of a classified road ® Buildings within 3km of the perimeter of an aerodrome ® Buildings for storing fuel for or waste from biomass boilers/anaerobic digestion systems There are other restrictions to check in individual circumstances and different rules for holdings under five hectares apply.

Even if planning permission is not required, you will need to apply to see if Prior Approval (28-day notice) on the siting, design and external appearance is needed.

Remember, if you erect a building under an Agricultural Notification from 20th March 2013, this nullifies your opportunity for a Class Q agricultural to residential change of use, or vice versa, for 10 years on the unit.

Therefore, if you are currently considering both options you need to decide which scheme should be applied for under a full planning application to ensure the best chance of success for both projects.

Planning aPPlications Planning applications for agricultural buildings should be treated positively (even in the Green Belt) where the need can be justified. However, this doesn’t mean you will always get planning permission. Issues such as landscape impact, pollution, ecology, highways and access need addressing with most applications. In some cases, pre-application consultation with the LPA is useful at the outset to understand the likelihood of success, key policies and the extent of information needed to validate an application.

environmental imPact assessment For larger agricultural developments and particularly intensive operations (i.e. pig and poultry units), an Environmental Statement may be required to accompany a planning application.In such cases, they may also require an Environmental Permit from the EA in order to operate.

For smaller intensive (units over 500m2) an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) may be required depending upon whether there are significant environmental effects envisaged.

If you are considering a new farm building, new farmstead or relocation of an existing farm, including the potential for on-site accommodation, please contact us for advice on the planning process. n For further advice:

visit our website at www.acorus.co.uk or contact us on 01392 873900.

Modern Farming ≈ 29

Specialist farming accountants and financial planners Initial consultation free and without obligation

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NEWS & VIEWS

Budget increases farm tax bills, warns Old Mill

A

lthough there was little excitement in the recent Budget, it contained enough to be of concern to farming individuals, partnership and companies, warns Victoria Paley (right), manager at rural accountant Old Mill.

“The Chancellor wants a fair, stable and competitive tax system, whereby people pay similar levels of tax, regardless of whether they are employees, self-employed or working through a limited company.”

As a result, Philip Hammond announced an increase in Class 4 National Insurance contributions (NICs), but the real excitement came later when he abandoned these plans following heavy criticism that he was in breach of the Conservative election manifesto. “This is positive news for self-employed farmers across the region who would have been hit by the change,” says Miss Paley.

Another area addressed in the Budget was the gap in tax treatment between employees and those operating via limited companies.

Although the Government is trying to make the economy attractive to large companies, by cutting the Corporation Tax rate to 17% by 2020, it doesn’t want businesses to incorporate simply to take advantage of this lower tax rate.

In answer to this, it has already started to increase tax rates on dividend income, and is now lowering the tax-free dividend allowance from £5,000 to £2,000 from April 2018.

“Basic rate taxpayers could therefore face an additional Income Tax liability of up to £225 a year, and further changes are likely to be in the pipeline to reduce this tax differential further,” explains Miss Paley.

Although it won’t directly impact on tax paid, the move to digital quarterly income and expense reporting will increase the administrative burden on self-employed people and businesses. Miss Paley says; “Until this Budget there was uncertainty regarding which taxpayers would be caught by the Making Tax Digital reporting requirements.

“The Chancellor has now confirmed that those with annual turnover under £10,000 will be exempt from the requirements, while sole traders and partnerships with an annual turnover below the VAT registration threshold (£85,000 from 1st April 2017) will have to comply from 6th April 2019.”

L

Beefing it up

Sole traders and partners with a turnover above the VAT threshold must comply by 6th April 2018, while companies have until 6th April 2020.

Other changes which come into effect from April 2017 include an increase in the tax-free personal allowance, to £11,500, with a higher rate tax threshold of £45,000. Two new tax free allowances for property income and trading income of £1,000 each are also being introduced.

In addition, finance restrictions for landlords are due to be phased in from April 2017.

“By 2020/21, mortgage interest will not be an allowable deduction in calculating rental profits,” says Miss Paley. “Relief will instead be given by deducting 20% of the mortgage interest from the tax liability, although this deduction will be restricted if the rental profits are lower than the interest charged.”

adies in Beef (LIB) have a spring in their step as they fly the flag for Great British Beef Week (GBBW) 2017 with a dynamic campaign and sassy new logo to engage the nation’s meat-loving consumers.

Now in its seventh year, GBBW is their flagship event, starting on St George’s Day, Sunday 23rd April and continuing to the Monday1st May, May Day Bank Holiday.

GBBW is a proven winner, endorsed by a 2016 survey with independent butchers, who achieved a 10 per cent sales uplift during the week. GBBW also inspired high levels of interest from several major retailers as well as several restaurants including Gordon Ramsey and Jamie Oliver restaurants.

Packed with promotional opportunities, the focus this year is on the mini-roast, using a combination of events, newspaper and magazine features as well as social media and digital activity to promote quick and versatile recipes, full of flavour and goodness.

Ladies in Beef are also teaming up with R.A.B.I (Royal Agricultural Benevolent Institution) who will be staging a host of charity events to celebrate Great British Beef Week and fundraise for farming families in financial need. R.A.B.I, established in 1860, gives out more than £2m per year to farming people in hardship.

Georgina Davie, a Devon young farmer and keen member of Haldon Tug of War team, who successfully represented England in fiercely contested international competitions last year said; "‘I am really proud to champion Red Tractor Assured British beef and hope that everyone will tuck into a succulent mini-roast and back our British beef producers. It’s so easy to cook and packed with protein, iron, minerals and vitamins.

As a sportswoman relying on physical strength and fitness, British beef is a really important part of my training diet – and as a young farmer, I am just as passionate about the food we produce for the table as winning trophies!”

Ladies in Beef are pulling in the power of the media to captivate consumers and boost consumption of British beef in the home and eating out. So if you’re a retailer, restaurateur, butcher, sell direct or have a farm shop, why not get involved in Great British Beef Week?

For more information:

For more information:

For more information contact Victoria Paley on

To find out more visit www.ladiesinbeef.org.uk

01935 709431

Discover more about R.A.B.I at www.rabi.org.uk

Modern Farming ≈ 31

Pic: Visit South Devon

Spotlight on ... South Hams

~ Somerset Levels

The word 'Hams' comes from Old English and means 'enclosed pasture', indicating the sheltered, fertile land of south Devon

32 ≈ Modern Farming

T

he truly glorious southern part of Devon is known as the South Hams. It is an area of around 240 square miles which stretches from Dartmoor down to Salcombe, and from Torbay in the east to Plymouth in the west. The Gulf Stream ensures the climate is mild with early springs and long summers.

Visiting the South Hams is like stepping back in time; the countryside has changed little over the years and is a wonderful mix of narrow, winding country lanes with high hedges, and stunning views over rolling hills sweeping down into the estuaries and inlets which cut into the coastline as far inland as Kingsbridge.

It’s also home to part of the South West Coast Path which winds around the coastline leading walkers to the lighthouse at Start Point, and Prawle Point – the southernmost tip of Devon. The word ‘prawle’ is from Anglo Saxon meaning ‘lookout'.

spotlight on ...

A fertile lAndscApe

Pic: Visit Somerset

Unsurprisingly, a large area of the South Hams has been designated an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

It is the work of farmers over centuries which has created this beautiful landscape and which keeps the countryside as a productive environment.

The area is rich in agriculture and 84 per cent of the area of AONB is farmed with 10 per cent of this land being grade 1, while 80 per cent is grade 3.

According to the South Devon AONB there have been changes in the way the land is farmed over the last 60 years with a growth in the number of smallholdings (<5 hectares) and in the number of large farms (>50 hectares). In contrast, medium-sized holdings have suffered a 50 per cent reduction in numbers.

Permanent grassland has increased by a third but the area of rough grazing has seen a massive reduction thanks to the impact of land improvement. Other changes include:

~ Glastonbury Abbey

Land used for wheat has increased Land area for barley and oats has fallen by 50 per cent.

Both winter and spring barley are increasingly grown.

There has been a massive decline in the number of orchards. ® Cattle numbers have increased, as have sheep numbers, but pig numbers have dropped by almost 50 per cent.

“Visiting the South Hams is like stepping back in time”

Berry Pomeroy Castle

Pic: Visit South Devon

® ® ® ®

Pic: Flickr/Andrew

Berry pomeroy The village of Berry Pomeroy is named for the Pomeroy family who were gifted the land by William the Conqueror as a reward to Ralph de Pomeroy for his loyalty in the Norman invasion. It was once believed that the castle was Norman but in fact it was built in the 15th century. Later given to the Seymour family, the house was eventually abandoned and fell into disrepair, never to be rebuilt.

Berry Pomeroy castle is said to be one of the most haunted places in the UK with two ghosts regularly seen there. One, The White Lady, is said to be the ghost of the beautiful Lady Margaret who was imprisoned in the dungeons by her jealous sister, Lady Eleanor and allowed to die from starvation. The other, The Blue Lady, is said to try to lure unwitting visitors to unsafe parts of the castle!

Modern Farming ≈ 33

Pic: SDHDBS

spotlight on ...

South Devon Cattle are known as 'gentle giants'.

SOutH DevON cAttle The South Devon’s powerful bodies and light red coat set this breed apart from other cattle. The breed has been in existence in Devon for 400 years and is thought to have been imported from Normandy during the Norman invasion.

Bred to supply rich milk and good beef as well as butterfat, the South Devon also has outstanding maternal instincts. As the largest of the British breeds, these cattle were also relied upon to pull ploughshares on the farm.

But, despite its size, the South Devon has a naturally gentle disposition and is known as a gentle giant.

During the 20th century, this triple-purpose breed was exported across the world, supporting the income of South Devon farmers. By the 1960s the gradual progression towards a specialist beef breed began when a beef recording scheme started for South Devons. With its leaner carcasses and highly desirable marbling, the South Devon breed came into its own in the 1970s when there was a huge increase in the demand for beef. Around 5000 head were sent for finishing across the UK while they were also exported globally with bulls being sent to Canada, the USA and South Africa.

DArtmOutH

Pic: Flickr/Jim Linwood

Pic: Visit South Devon

First mentioned in the Anglo Saxon Chronicle in 1049 as a landing place at the mouth of the Dart, this historic port was used in the 12th century as a starting point for ships setting out for the crusades. As its name says, Dartmouth is located at the estuary of the river Dart which is a tidal river, running far inland up to Totnes.

The Britannia Royal Naval College is located on a hill above Dartmouth and Royal Naval Officers have trained here for over 100 years.

Slapton Sands and Slapton Ley

SlAptON SANDS Slapton Sands was one of four areas used to practise landing troops for D-Day. In 1944 an order was given under the Defence Regulations and Compensation Act of 1939 that the area was to be evacuated, though no reason was given to the residents.

Despite the upheaval and impact on their lives, the local people didn’t hesitate to do their part for the war effort. An amazing 3000 people, plus livestock, machinery and crops, were moved out of an area of 30,000 acres. Villages and hamlets including Torcross, Stokenham, Chillington, East Allington, Blackawton,

34 ≈ Modern Farming

Strete and Slapton became ghost towns ready to receive the troops.

Slapton Sands is also important geographically as it separates the largest natural, freshwater lake in southwest England from the sea. The lake, called Slapton Ley is 1.2 miles long and is fed by the river Gara and streams. It is surrounded by reed beds, marshes and woodland habitats. It is designated a National Nature Reserve covering 490 acres, an SSSI and a Geological Conservation Review site.

For more information:

South Devon Herd Book Society – www.sdhbs.org.uk South Devon AONB – www.southdevonaonb.org.uk

Modern Farming ≈ 35

NATIONAL BEEF ASSOCIATION EXPO

Beef Expo 2017: The Key Beef Industry Event is Back!

NBA Beef Expo is a true celebration of the strength of the great British Beef Industry and is the UK’s key annual event held on behalf of the industry. It brings together the very best British pedigree and commercial cattle. Hosted by the National Beef Association (NBA), the 2017 event will take place at the NAEC Stoneleigh, Warwickshire on Thursday 18th May. The 2017 NBA Beef Expo provides British breeders and producers with an excellent platform to showcase the quality of their cattle and visitors can expect to see some of the finest examples of British breeding from all corners of the UK. As the event will be the first of its kind post Brexit, there will undoubtedly be a focus on what this means for British farmers in terms of opportunities moving forward.

A major feature of the event is the National Commercial Cattle Show (NCCS) which will see, as always, farmers from the length and breadth of the UK showing the very best cattle from their herds, all hoping for a share of the £5000 overall prize fund. Alongside the NCCS, visitors have the opportunity to browse in the region of 120 commercial and educational trade exhibits, as well as specialist Breed Society stands.

ApplicAtions open NBA Beef Expo is a nucleus for knowledge sharing and networking. Trade exhibitors will highlight, through displays and demonstrations, the latest industry trends and developments as well as nutrition and genetics. Applications are now open for businesses, traders and breed societies wishing to attend the 2017 event.

Now a firmly established feature of the event is the Future Beef Farmer Challenge which was launched back in 2015 for beef farmers aged 36 and under. Entrants can take part as an individual or as a team, and the winner of each section is presented with a trophy. The competition challenges entrants’ knowledge of the beef sector at both a practical and scientific level, which is fundamental to the future strength and success of the industry.

As in previous years, the highly anticipated farm tours will take place on Wednesday 17th May giving people the opportunity to gain an insight into how various beef enterprises are managed. This year the farm tour includes three diverse beef farms all championing efficiency in their relative sectors and showcasing the very best of British beef production. As part of the event the NBA will also be hosting a range of seminars and workshops held by various industry professionals.

Chris Mallon, Chief Executive of the NBA commented; “Plans for NBA Beef Expo 2017 are certainly in full swing and we are very much looking forward to welcoming farmers and exhibitors to the event in May. Following the UK’s Brexit decision this year, this will be a key focus as we offer support and help British producers who may have concerns surrounding this. n

For more information Trade stand applications, visitor tickets and cattle show entry forms are now available online on at www.beefexpo.co.uk, where further detailed information about the event can also be found.

R

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CooDES SoliCitorS

L-R: Melanie Grose and Pam Johns of Coodes Solicitors

What happens when family members dispute your final wishes?

Coodes Solicitors is handling a growing number of cases involving contested wills. A significant proportion of these involve landowning families.

W

e are seeing more headlines about farming families fighting over their inheritance.

Last autumn, a High Court judge ruled in favour of a farmer’s son inheriting the family farm, worth £10million. This overturned a challenge from the deceased man’s wife, who claimed it was unfair to their daughter and that her husband had been affected by dementia. This followed another high profile ruling, in which the eldest son of a deceased farmer won a battle to inherit the entire family farm, which had been promised by his father but then not reflected in his will.

A recent case of involved a landmark ruling, which saw animal charities benefiting after a woman was cut out of her mother’s will. Melanie Grose, Partner in Coodes Solicitors’ Dispute Resolution Team explains; “Mrs Jackson left most of her estate to charity and made no provision for her daughter. Initially, a District Judge found that the Will did not make reasonable financial provision for Mrs Ilott, who was living on state benefits, and awarded her £50,000. She appealed this as too low and the Court of Appeal awarded her £143,000 to buy the home she lived in, as well as £20,000. But the charities then appealed this and the case was sent to the UK’s highest court for judgment. The Supreme Court has now ruled that the initial amount of £50,000 should be awarded, seeing it as reasonable financial provision for Mrs Ilott’s maintenance.

“The ruling makes clear that maintenance does not mean providing everything the applicant reasonably needs, and the applicant’s needs will not necessarily be the measure of an award when a Will is challenged. The move by the Supreme Court is being seen as offering clarity and reassurance to those drawing up a will, reaffirming that they are free to choose who will benefit when they die.”

One of the reasons that more people are now disputing their inheritance is thought to be that families are becoming more complex. Cohabiting couples with children are the fastest-growing family type in the

UK, only around half of UK men and women are now married and an estimated 42 per cent of marriages end in divorce, many then going onto marry again. Another factor is the increasing value of land, with many farming families having assets running into hundreds of thousands of pounds.

Pam Johns, Partner and Head of Rural Services at Coodes says that, while you cannot prevent future challenges from family members, having a properly drawn up will in place is the best way to ensure your wishes for the family farm are protected.

“For farm-owners who are cohabiting or have children from a previous marriage, a will is clearly vital,” she explains. “ A properly drawn up will gives you the opportunity to make choices about who should run the farm after your death and also means your executors can step into your shoes to carry out important tasks, like paying wages and suppliers, to keep the business going.” n

INFORMATION ® Five of Coodes' Solicitors are Fellows of the Agricultural law Association. ® the team covers all aspects of agricultural law, from buying and selling of farms, easements and rights of way to succession planning and partnership agreements. ® Coodes has nine offices across Cornwall and into Devon, from Penzance to Holsworthy. ® in the prestigious national legal directory, Head of rural Services Pam Johns is recommended as a leading expert in her field.

Contact

www.coodes.co.uk 0800 328 3282

Modern Farming ≈ 37

Fitting Agents Required

NEWS AND VIEWS

Download the Dairy Wizard

T

he design, layout and management of dairy buildings can have a significant effect on many areas in milk production, whether this is the effect of ventilation on disease control, cubicle design for cow comfort and mastitis control, or footbath design to reduce lameness.

To understand the costs and benefits of various housing, parlour and slurry storage options, before making substantial investments, dairy farmers now have access to AHDB Dairy Wizard. Dairy Wizard is a set of simple, easy to use downloadable calculators which can be accessed directly from the AHDB Dairy Website, that enables you to understand the cost implications for different housing, parlour and slurry storage situtations before making substantial investments.

Housing Wizard – an interactive model which allows you to look at the capital and operational cost implications for a range of housing options based on your own farm situation using typical housing cost data.

Parlour Wizard – for farmers considering replacing or upgrading milking equipment and facilities the Parlour Wizard allows different parlour types and functionality to be compared by cost and efficiency, based on individual farm circumstances including cow numbers, labour availability, level of automation and milking routines.

Slurry Wizard – designed to help dairy farmers upgrading or replacing slurry storage. The Wizard enables you to understand whether there is adequate slurry storage, explore different strategies and weigh up the cost benefits of different ways to tackle under-capacity.

Slurry Wizard also calculates whether your farm is compliant with NVZ regulations around storage capacity and nitrogen loading.

David Ball, Technical Manager for AHDB Dairy comments; “These tried and tested simple, user friendly calculators help farmers make key investment decisions such as replacing milking equipment or managing slurry storage, by helping to understand the physical and financial implications to their farm business.”

For more information: To access the AHDB Dairy Wizard visit www.ahdb.org.uk

F

NFU comment as PM triggers Article 50

arming must be front and centre of Brexit negotiations, the NFU has urged, as the Prime Minister, Theresa May, triggers Article 50 to kick-start the official process of Britain leaving the EU. NFU President Meurig Raymond (above) said the importance of agriculture – the bedrock of the nation’s food and drink industry, which is the largest manufacturing sector in the UK, must not be underestimated.

Mr Raymond also stressed that farming will only get the right deal if its coherent voice is heard by decision makers and that industry will work together to ensure that the country continues to enjoy great quality British food.

“Our industry is vital to Britain”, said Mr Raymond. “We have to take this opportunity to tell the country – and the world – of our high standards; of the pride we have in the food we produce and the importance of our industry.

“The report we published at NFU Conference last month showed for the first time farming’s contribution to the country in monetary value - for every £1 invested in farm support, farming delivers £7.40 back to the UK economy. This clearly demonstrates the role farmers play in contributing to the wealth and prosperity of our nation.

“Agriculture is at the heart of this country of ours. It produces the raw ingredients for the largest manufacturing sector here – food and drink. This sector is worth £108 billion, employs nearly four million people and generates around £18 billion worth of export earnings annually.

“But it’s not just our core role in feeding the nation safe, high-quality food. Farming also plays an important role in managing the great British countryside - over 70 per cent of the UK’s land area is farmed, providing habitats for wildlife and iconic landscapes for us all to enjoy. This, too, has economic benefits for people living and working in rural communities as rural tourism is worth at least £2 billion a year.

“But what we need is our collective, coherent voice to be heard. The more NFU members who can get involved and meet their MPs, the greater impact we will have together. We will also continue to liaise with other organisations, both within and beyond the farming sector.

“This is a monumental time in the nation’s history. We are being given a once-in-ageneration opportunity to shape the future of UK agriculture. We can now work with government to shape a domestic agricultural policy that promotes competitive, profitable and progressive farm businesses, designed to meet the specific needs of UK farmers.”

Modern Farming ≈ 39

All pics: The ASAO

agricultural organisations

The ASAO showing the way

The ASAO offers support on all aspects of planning a show – big and small

Putting on an agricultural show, regardless of its size, is a mammoth undertaking – but not if you’re a member of the ASAO, explains Elizabeth Perry.

T Christine Knipe became Chairman in 2015 }

40 ≈ Modern Farming

he Association of Show and Agricultural Organisations, or the ASAO, is a thriving membership organisation which represents the UK’s many agricultural, horticultural, equine and countryside events.

Sharon Gilbert, from the ASAO’s PR company, Glasshouse Communications, explains; “The ASAO is run by ‘Show’ people with years of experience in the field, so its members benefit from unrivalled advice on everything from legislation, health and safety, operations, marketing and best practice.”

agricultural organisations

ASAO Patron, HRH The Countess of Wessex at the ASAO Conference

FOUNDING FATHERS The ASAO was founded in 1923, and the Secretariat believe it may have had military connections originally, although this isn’t confirmed.

With long-running agricultural societies and shows throughout the country, the organisation's stated aims were:

"Reports from our members for the 2016 season indicate shows are becoming more popular" A pOpUlAR ORGANISATION

There is a genuine curiosity to learn more about agriculture, breeding and food production

The ASAO currently has 210 members though this figure fluctuates, gaining two or three new members each year. Of course, shows can be cancelled, through weather-related issues or financial problems, and then some members are lost.

“Reports from our members for the 2016 season indicate shows are becoming more popular,” says Chairman, Christine Knipe “and this is the case for both big and small shows. Attendances generally seem to be on the up, although some fell in the case of continuous inclement weather.”

Shows have undergone many changes over the years including the advent of mid-week as well as weekend shows. They have also had to survive the effect of various epidemics including foot and mouth, bovine TB and BlueTongue. Though there have been some casualties along the way, most shows have weathered the storm and continue to thrive and grow.

“The increased interest in what we grow to eat, which is showing no signs of abating, and the demand for food and land has brought farming to the fore,” explains Christine. “There seems to be a genuine curiosity to learn more about agriculture, breeding and food production. Agricultural shows and other countryside events make the countryside much more accessible to the public, be they in the city or living in rural areas, and their popularity continues to grow.”

 Young contestants at the Mid Somerset Show

® Promote agriculture, horticulture and the countryside through shows and other events. ® Encourage and share best practice between agricultural societies and related organisations. ® Encourage and support education across the full spectrum of agriculture, horticulture and the countryside through shows, conferences, projects and initiatives.

Over the years, the ASAO’s chairmen were all military men including Captains, Colonels, Lieutenant Colonels, Majors and Lords, some of them decorated with the OBE. During the Second World War the Association was run by a committee of four co-opted members.

Today, the ASAO’s committee is led by Chairman Christine Knipe together with a strong team of experienced council members.

Shows provide an unforgettable day out

Modern Farming ≈ 41

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agricultural organisations

 Agricultural shows are continuing to thrive

Offering advice

inSPired Learning

The ASAO is known as the voice of the British agricultural shows industry and represents the UK’s many agricultural, horticultural, equine and countryside events. It is run by ‘Show’ people with years of experience in the field, and its members benefit from unrivalled advice on everything from legislation, health and safety, operations, marketing and best practice.

The organisation is the first port of call to access 400 days of superb entertainment for exhibitors, competitors and members of the public – all in one place!

Each year the ASAO also stages its annual conference, hosted by one of its members. Delegates come from across the country to take part in an exciting programme of seminars, panel discussions with keynote speakers, and group sessions focusing on relevant industry issues.

It’s an excellent opportunity for show organisers to share experiences, exchange ideas and tackle ongoing challenges. It’s a wonderful social occasion too!

One-day regional meetings are also held across the country, including in Devon and Cornwall.

The ASAO member events are an important educational resource and provide prominent platforms across the country for raising the profile of the food and farming sector. The ASAO is proud to work closely with like-minded organisations to spread the passion, increase awareness of where food comes from, and demonstrate how farmers and growers manage the countryside environment.

The ASAO supports the delivery of a whole host of curriculum-based educational activities including learning days, interactive workshops, professional development placements, farm visits, countryside projects and Nature Trails. n

The ASAO also runs Learning Days which are annual one-day events focusing on subjects such as livestock, marketing and promotion, membership, sponsorship and trade stands.

The 2017 Learning Day was held on 25th February at the Staffordshire Showground where the keynote speaker was Dan Corlett, the Chief Executive of FACE (pictured). He said; "It was great to be a part of the ASAO learning day looking at how education is crucial to the long-term sustainability of UK agriculture and the countryside.

“Show Societies are such an important vehicle for educating the public, including schoolchildren, about agriculture, food and careers in the countryside.

Many of them have some hugely successful schools' programmes both as part of their annual shows, and throughout the year.

“Being able to share aspects of good practice, the challenges, and our ideas for the future was valuable for everyone, and I think everyone went away energised and looking at their education work afresh."

The role of the organisation in providing education is key, explains Christine Knipe. “Education plays a vital part in securing the future of agriculture and horticulture, and ultimately, agricultural shows,” she explains. “This fascinating industry offers careers in agronomy, research, logistics, marketing, nutrition, herd management, accountancy, policy advice and electrical engineering to name a few, yet recent surveys suggest that only four per cent of young people would consider a career in farming or food supply.”

For more information:

For more information or to join the organisation visit www.asao.co.uk

Modern Farming ≈ 43

158th NORTH SOMERSET SHOW Bank Holiday Monday 1st May At Wraxall on the B3130 near Bristol (BS48 1NE)

SAVE with advance tickets:

Adults £13, Children £5, Family (2 adults + 3 children) £32.50, under 5’s go free.

Visit www.nsas.org.uk for tickets

Or call 01934 837 287

An agricultural spectacular with something for everyone!

THE 127th HONITON AGRICULTURAL SHOW Thursday 3rd August 2017

HORSE AND PONY CLASSES - HEAVY HORSES - CATTLE AND SHEEP CLASSES PRIVATE DRIVING - VINTAGE TRACTORS - DOG SHOW OVER 400 TRADE STANDS / CRAFT TENT / FOOD HALL / RURAL SKILLS / COUNTRYSIDE AREA DONKEY RIDES / YOUNG FARMERS CLUBS / BEES & HONEY / ACTION PACKED MAIN RING INCLUDING BOLDDOG LINGS FREESTYLE TEAM / JOSEPHS AMAZING CAMELS / VIPER AEROBATICS SOLO PITTS FLYING DISPLAY / RIDGESIDE LURCHER DISPLAY

Please apply for Trade Stands, Horse and Livestock Schedules

Advance Tickets just £14.50 - Children Under 16 FREE

visit our web site www.honitonshow.co.uk Secretary: Marcelle Connor (Tel/Fax: 01404 41794) Bank House, 66a High Street, Honiton, Devon EX14 1PS

NEWS AND VIEWS

May Day fun at the North Somerset Show

T

he North Somerset Show falls this year on 1st May, the Bank Holiday Monday. Taking place on the Showground just south of Bristol, the Show is set to be another spectacular event.

Society Chairman, George Atwell explains; “There’s so much to see at the North Somerset Show and we like to think that there’s something for everyone. Whether you come for the traditional livestock and horse showing; the tractor pulling, the show jumping, the Food Hall, birds of prey, heavy horses, rural crafts, the shopping or one of the many other aspects.

“On a personal level, I’m looking forward to the sheep shearing classes. The competition will be celebrating its second year in our new barn with more classes introduced. Also, in the Main Ring, we’ll have James Dylan’s Stuntworld for a high octane display of stunt bike acrobatics. Whatever you’re interested in, it’s a great day out for all the family!”

Much of the Show proceeds go towards funding the Society’s biennial Countryside Day – a free educational day in July for schools in Bristol and North Somerset.

Over 2,500 children booked to come to the Showground this year to learn about where their food comes from; see farm machinery in action and to learn about different animals and rural crafts. This day it's a very important aspect of the Society’s work as a charity.

For more information and tickets: Tickets for the Show are on sale now at the early bird price through the Society website www.nsas.org.uk or call the box office on 01934 837287

A truly traditional show

T

he Honiton & District Agricultural Association hold their 127th show on Thursday, 3rd August 2017.

The Grand Parade is one of the many highlights of the main ring activities where the day’s livestock winners proudly parade.

The 2017 main ring will be a hive of activity with fantastic acts including Bolddog Lings Freestyle Motocross Team, Honda’s official and the UK’s number one motorcycle display Team.

‘The Sheep Show’ is back with its humorous live stage show all about sheep featuring nine breeds. And don’t miss the sheep shearing and their ‘dancing sheep’.

Honiton are extremely excited to welcome Joseph’s Amazing Camels to the Main Ring.

The camels and jockeys are specially trained and wear fantastically colourful Arabian style outfits to add pizazz. As well as racing, the camels are on display all day.

We also have the Ridgeside Lurcher Display; a fast, action-packed demonstration.

The highlight is a race between the lurchers and a hawk. The public are invited to have a go with their own dogs – whatever their breed.

A very exciting attraction is making a flying visit to Honiton – two thrilling aerobatic displays performed by Viper Aerobatics flying a beautiful Pitts aeroplane.

There will also be hurdle making, ferret racing, a blacksmith’s guild and a vintage tractor section with nearly 100 vehicles on display. And Honiton plays host to the West of England Hound Show.

With over 400 trade stands, including the new home and craft marquee, shopping and a fabulous food hall there really is something for everyone. We have a huge range of food courts offering the very best produce.

Honiton prides itself on being a truly traditional agricultural show with a unique atmosphere so make a note in the diary for 3rd August. Don’t forget accompanied under 16’s are free. Advance tickets are just £14.50 for a whole day of entertainment.

For more information and tickets: For further details on the show, trade enquires, schedules or details on becoming a member of the Association please contact the secretary on 01404 41794; visit www.honitonshow.co.uk or follow us on twitter@honitonshow1890.

Modern Farming ≈ 45

~ Poultry can no longer free range.

Poultry across the UK are under strict regulations due to the presence of Avian influenza but what is it and how is it controlled?

T

he H5N8 strain of Avian influenza (or bird flu) has been found in the UK in both farmed and wild birds since December 2016. Defra has imposed restrictions across the country with designated Higher Risk Areas and these measures are expected to stay in place until at least the end of April 2017.

WhAt IS bIrd fLu? NADIS define Avian influenza as: A highly contagious viral disease affecting the respiratory, digestive and/or nervous system of many species of bird. There are many strains of Avian Flu; some of these strains are less harmful ('low path') whilst others are more harmful ('high path').

The virus is often carried and spread by waterfowl that are remarkably resistant to disease and rarely show clinical signs. Because waterfowl often migrate large distances globally, Avian influenza can move between countries readily. Furthermore, both people and contaminated objects can carry the virus long distances. Affected birds shed the virus in their faeces and via nasal discharge.

46 ≈ Modern Farming

It is vital to be alert for any signs of bird flu.

If you suspect any type of bird flu you must tell your nearest Animal and Plant and Health Agency (APHA) office immediately. Failure to do so is an offence.

CLINICAL SIGNS Clinical signs of Avian influenza can be seen as soon as 24 hours after initial infection (usually in cases of a 'high path' strain) and include: ® Oedema (swelling) of the head ® Cyanosis (blue discolouration) of the comb and wattles ® Dullness, loss of appetite, depression ® Coughing ® Nasal and ocular discharge ® Swelling of the face ® Nervous signs such as paralysis ® Sometimes green diarrhoea ® Sudden death

Pic: Flickr/Neil Barnwell

Avian influenza

POULTRY HEALTH treatmeNt aNd coNtrol

Bird flu cannot be treated and birds must be culled to control the spread of the disease.

In theory, it is possible for vaccines to be produced but the virus mutates too quickly for vaccination to be viable.

Another problem is that a vaccinated bird which is infected may not show signs of disease, which can then be passed on to other birds.

In the UK, measures for preventing further infection were implemented on 28th February and at the time of going to press are still in place. For the latest information visit https://www.gov.uk/government/news/avianinfluenza-bird-flu-in-winter-2016-to-2017

Ducks rarely show symptoms

Welfare of coNfiNed birds

reportiNg suspicioN of disease iN your poultry For advice and guidance on what to do if you keep poultry, or to report suspicion of disease in animals, call the Defra Rural Services Helpline on 03000 200 301.

The Helpline is open Monday to Friday, 8.30am to 5pm. There is an out-of-hours facility on the same number for reporting suspicion of disease in animals. n

POULTRY HEALTH

For more information: in numerous parts of england, including the south West, areas have been designated as higher risk areas (hra) which are located on an interactive map. www.gisdiseasemap.defra.gov.uk

Pic: Flickr/J Marsh

Birds may be allowed outside if netting is used to prevent contact with wild birds 

® Birds should be checked at least twice a day to ensure food, water and dry bedding is available ® Clean out the housing daily ® Offer a stimulating environment to alleviate boredom and to prevent feather pecking and bullying ® Ensure there are plenty of perches such as straw bales ® Offer greens (such as foraged weeds, grass clippings or cabbage) ® Dig up pieces of sod for birds to scratch and peck ® Scatter feed and add grit to encourage scratching ® Make sure the barn is ventilated (but ensure wild birds cannot access the barn) ® Waterfowl must have fresh water deep enough to dunk their heads and clean their eyes ® Check regularly for parasites such as red mite ® Consider adding supplements to drinking water ® Birds are now trying to nest so if space is available offer separate areas for pairs.

Pic: Flickr/Gorfor

Some flocks in High Risk Areas (HRAs) will have been confined inside for several months so it’s important to consider your birds’ welfare while restrictions are in place.

Defra; latest information – www.gov.uk/government/ news/avian-influenza-bird-flu-in-winter-2016-to-2017 APHA – www.gov.uk/government/organisations/animaland-plant-health-agency NADIS – www.nadis.org.uk

Next moNth:

cleaning the coop

Pic: Flickr/Jacob Spinks

Pic: Flickr/Victor U

Migrating birds can spread bird flu to new areas

Modern Farming ≈ 47

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CLAAS 2900 TWIN ROTOR RAKE ONLY DONE 3 YEAR WORK FROM NEW MUST BE SEEN SERVICED AND READY TO GO A LOVELY MACHINE

POTTINGER HIT69 6 STAR TEDDER DONE VERY LITTLE WORK MUST BE SEEN. £3,850

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Telephone: 01288 341326 • Mobile: 07966 241949 Fax: 01288 341588 •Web: www.cornishtractors.co.uk

WESTPOINT VETS

Lungworm  Adult lungworm develop in the lungs and produce eggs.

Lesley Bingham BVM&S, MRCVS from Westpoint Vets in Launceston explains how to deal with lungworm.

L

ungworm usually affects calves during their first season at grass. This is because often the same pastures are used year after year for the herd and this allows pasture burden to build up and affect the following year’s calves.

Often lungworm is treated incidentally because the same products which treat gutworms also kill lungworms, so farmers assume it’s not a problem on their farm.

ImmunIty Lesley Bingham is originally from a beef and sheep farm in Cumbria and has particular interests in beef and sheep preventative and herd medicine.

Calves must build their immunity to lungworm 

Calves need to build up their immunity to lungworm by eating low levels of the parasite larvae. This low level immune response is needed to allow the calf to fight off higher levels of infective larvae which, without the parasite, would cause major lung damage before the calf could mount an immune response.

However, if wormers are used too often the lungworm larvae will be killed off before the calf's body has a chance to mount this response.

Calves which have been wormed regularly throughout their first grazing season may not have had a chance to develop any immunity so lungworm could crop up the following year when wormers are used less frequently.

Also, bear in mind that egg and larvae levels on the pasture vary massively, depending on the weather, making it very difficult to predict if your youngstock will have sufficient protection.

Damage Lungworm larvae are eaten off the pasture and from the animal’s gut migrate their way to the lungs causing damage to the lung tissue. Once the animal is producing the characteristic husky cough there will already be some lung damage.

Worming animals which already have a high population of lungworms in their lungs can make the problem worse. The worms will die in the lungs and can sometimes lead to secondary infection or death.

Faecal worm egg counts predicts gut worm burdens and allows you to decide whether to worm the animal. However, this cannot be used for lungworm. The damage has already been done to the lungs by the adult worms before eggs are passed in faeces.

The only way to know that your youngstock have immunity to lungworm is to vaccinate; this will help to reduce the risk in older animals too. Huskvac contains lungworm larva that have been irradiated which means they cause the same immune response without the lung damage, and at controlled levels.

To be effective you need to give two doses four weeks apart and allow two weeks for immunity to develop. This should be completed before calves are exposed to high burden pasture. By vaccinating against lungworm you can take back some control over worming for gutworms.

Your vet will explain what is appropriate for your farm. n

For more information: Please contact Lesley Bingham on 01566 86985.

More information on Westpoint is available on www.westpointfarmvets.co.uk

Modern Farming ≈ 49

Land ManageMent

Compacted soil Causes and solutions Soil compaction is a growing problem thanks to new farming practices. So how do you recognise it and what can you do?

A

ll farmers, regardless of what they produce, rely on soil so whether it’s arable, beef or pasture, caring for the soil should be a priority.

The most common causes of compaction are the use of heavy agricultural machinery and livestock poaching the ground.

IdentIfyIng compactIon Soil compaction can be seen where there are areas with poor yield and thin crops, particularly where there has been heavy or repeated traffic, such as around gateways or on headlands.

It’s important to establish a routine to identify and resolve areas of soil compaction. ® Choose a period which is neither too dry nor too wet. ® Dig down into the soil one spade’s depth ® Resistance to the space will indicate where the level of compaction is. ® Observe the plants’ roots and the soil moisture

50 ≈ Modern Farming

Impact ® Compacted soil has been compressed into a solid layer; this can happen at any layer within the soil profile including on the surface, top-soil or deeper in the soil layer. ® Movement of water through the soil is restricted ® Compaction can lead to flooding, waterlogging, water runoff and soil erosion. ® Waterlogged soil remains cold delaying plant growth ® Compacted soil restricts nutrients leading to poor growth and reduced crops ® Root growth is impeded by compressed soil particles ® Plant is unable to effectively absorb nutrient and water. ® Soil is less able to hold air and water which leads to poor growth ® Surface crusting impacts on crop emergence ® Plants in compacted soils are also less resistant to pests and disease. ® Anaerobic activity harms soil biology, reducing the ability to degrade residual chemicals and increases denitrification Compacted soil can have a significant impact on productivity by reducing the quantity and quality of yields, which of course reduces profits. On pasture, it will mean fewer grazing days increasing feed costs.

Land management

Pic: AHDB

"Compacted soil can have a significant impact on productivity by reducing the quantity and quality of yield"

Heavy macHinery

Pic: Flickr/theaucitron

The problem with compacted soil is getting worse as farmers seek to increase yields; larger, heavier machinery places greater stress on the soil.

Machinery is one of the main causes of significant soil compaction and can cause problems up to 1m deep. Ways to mitigate the impact include: ® Check tillage equipment is set to the right depth for the crop ® Run cultivators slowly ® Spread the weight of the vehicle over as big an area as possible ® Reduce tyre pressure/fit the largest diameter tyre possible at the lowest safest working pressure ® Keep within the axle weight limits ® Avoid using machinery when the soil is wet ® Restrict traffic movements in fields ® Follow tramlines; keep non-essential traffic, such as grain carts, on the headlands.

However, even taking these precautions can cause problems by simply deepening the level of compaction in the soil.

Controlled traffiC farming (Ctf)

CTF is a method of farming which confines machinery wheels and tracks to the least possible area of permanent traffic lanes. This helps to ensure compaction is limited to, preferably, less than 18 per cent of the land.

However, with so many different types of machinery now used on farms, adhering to the principle can be very difficult.

improving soil

Pic: Flickr/Henry Burrows

Soil can be helped to resist compaction by increasing the organic content which will improve soil porosity, stability and fertility as well as helping the soil to withstand surface pressure.

Increased fertiliser application will partially overcome the effects of soil compaction but this increases costs and may not be effective. Plants are unable to absorb the nutrients because of poor root systems, and fertiliser can be washed away through surface run off. n

For more information: aHDB cereals & oilseeds – www.cereals.ahdb.org.uk Hereford monitor Farm – www.cereals.ahdb.org.uk/get-involved/ monitor-farms/hereford-2014-monitor-farm.aspx Controlled traffic farming – www.controlledtrafficfarming.com Soil association – www.soilassociation.org

Modern Farming ≈ 51

NEWS AND VIEWS

New Board Members for AHDB Dairy two new board members have been appointed to the AHDB Dairy board.

Mary Quicke (left) and Oliver Hall will replace Tom Rawson and Jim Baird whose terms of office ended on 31st March 2017.

AHDB Dairy Chairman Gwyn Jones says; “I would like to pay tribute to the retiring board members Tom and Jim and thank them for their hard work and dedication; they were not easy to replace. I would like to welcome Mary and Oliver to the AHDB Dairy board. The industry is fortunate to have such high calibre board members, who are willing to put their time and effort in preparing the dairy industry for the challenge ahead.”

Mary is based in Devon and farms 546 hectares in a family farming and cheese making company with 550-crossbred cows.

Most of the milk produces award-winning

traditional cloth bound cheese, with around 40 per cent of the cheese exported largely to the US and Australia. Mary is passionate about cheese and is currently setting up an Academy of Cheese which will have four levels of certification, selling it on value not price.

Mary says; “Farming will be challenging in the transition post ‘Brexit’, AHDB is best placed to support all farmers to deal with that transition. With market information, knowledge exchange, market development and business support, I am delighted and honoured to be a board member”.

Oliver is based in Turnberry, Scotland running a 300 cow spring calving unit, whilst acting as an advisor to a number of other dairy businesses. Oliver is a co-founder of Evolution Farming, a multi-site dairy business milking 1400 cows in the UK.

New EBV for Lleyn Sheep A project supported by AHDB has produced an estimated breeding value (EBV) which will enable Lleyn sheep breeders to select animals for their resistance to roundworm.

The project, conducted by a team of researchers at the University of Glasgow, found the antibody response against the larval stage of a roundworm infection can be used as a biological marker for host response to infection.

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is an antibody critical to immune function in mucous membranes. Measuring this in saliva provides a new phenotype through which differences between sheep can be identified.

High levels of IgA have been shown to regulate both worm growth and fecundity, which leads to decreased egg output.

AHDB Beef & Lamb supported the collection of saliva IgA and faecal egg

52 ≈ Modern Farming

count (FEC) samples for the study by awarding the Performance Recorded Lleyn Breeders Group a Farm Innovation Grant (FIG) in 2013.

Sam Boon, Signet breeding manager, said: “Since 2013, 7,899 Lleyn saliva samples have been collected and uploaded to the Signet database. When combined with the ongoing collection of FEC data, this has created a large commercial dataset on which to estimate heritability values for this new trait and study the genetic relationships between this and the FEC EBVs. “In the future, planned matings will take place between high EBV animals for these traits to see the impact it has on progeny performance.”

For more information and tickets: More information can be found at www.signetfbc.co.uk

Agrichat roundup As the UK's first agricultural based hashtag, AgriChat has created a place where people in the industry can debate topical issues and share ideas.

AgriChat takes place on Twitter every Thursday from 8pm-10pm.

How imporTAnT iS Soil HeAlTH To yoU And wHen did yoU FirST TrUly beCome AwAre oF THiS? 16TH FebrUAry While some said that soil health is important for profit, others stated it is important to everyone on the planet.

Most commentators said they have been aware of the importance of soil for some time, while a few admitted they had only recently become really aware. John Pawsey (@hanslope) acknowledged that soil is the lifeblood of any rotation and Keith Forster (@kfizz24) added that soil is vital.

do yoU USe A drone? iF So, wHAT For? 23rd FebrUAry James Falkingham (@_falky) commented that he uses a drone for capturing pictures and videos from a different perspective and Matt Ford (@fordcows) uses a drone to add to the farm’s historical records. David Park (@wdp52) has found using a drone is useful for finding problems such as compaction and identifying different soil types. Other commentators discussed the use of drones for farm sale adverts and marketing.

This month Ruth Wills reports on discussions around soil health and the use of drones.

For THoSe worKing wiTH SoilS, wHAT Are yoU doing To improve THem And How eFFeCTive iS THiS? Andrew Bevan (@beefyfarmer) has had great results in terms of improving soil with using sewage sludge which he has found to be an excellent fertiliser too.

Other suggestions included reintroducing livestock, increasing diversity, minimising compaction, diverse crop rotation and leys, as well as stopping use of artificial fertilisers. Some have adapted their machinery to reduce compaction for example using lighter tractors, better tyres, use of GPS and reducing the number of passes.

Are THere Any novel THingS yoU CAn do wiTH A drone?

Sirn (@SIRN_tweets) tweeted that Rothamsted have been experimenting with using drones with special cameras which can image crop growth; a thermal camera which can monitor soil temperature and crop temperature which can give an indication of crop stress.

Some remarked that it is a much safer and faster way of surveying roofs and places which are difficult to access. However, not everyone can make use of the new technology. Hill farmers noted that they have had problems trying to use drones due to the strong winds they experience.

Get involved AgriChat takes place on Twitter every Thursday from 8pm to 10pm.

To join the conversation simply add #agrichatuk to your Tweets. To follow the conversations search #agrichatuk on Twitter.

® ® ® ® ®

Suggest a topic Contact us info@agrichatuk.org Search #agrichatuk on Twitter Twitter hashtag guide Follow us on Twitter @AgriChatUK

visit: www.agrichatuk.org

Almost everyone said that they test their soils; some every four years and some annually. Phil Latham (@PhilLatham) stated he had installed porous pots to assess leaching as well as testing soil temperature and minerals. Others have found under sowing fodder crops with Italian ryegrass, perennial ryegrass and clover effective to ensure good soil condition throughout grazing.

Modern Farming ≈ 53

Pic: Flickr/Michelle Tribe

environMent

Taking control The rules and regulations on curbing rabbit numbers on your land

R

abbits were unknown in Britain before the 12th century when the Normans imported them for meat and fur. But they have been the bane of farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; lives ever since, causing around ÂŁ100m worth of damage annually thanks to their ability to reproduce at a prodigious rate and teeth which never stop growing. So what can you do to keep them under control on your land?

England was declared a rabbit clearance area under the Pests Act 1954 (excluding London and the Isles of Scilly) which says that you must control the number of rabbits on your land. If you cannot, you must stop them damaging adjoining rabbits by putting up rabbit-proof fencing. Non compliance can result in prosecution.

You need a licence to use a shotgun

54 â&#x2030;&#x2C6; Modern Farming

"Damage from rabbits coming from a neighbouring property can be a serious problem"

environment

Ways To conTroL rabbiTs Fencing

FerreTing

You may be able to apply for funding to install rabbit-proof fencing as part of the Countryside Stewardship scheme. There are three types of fencing: ® electric netting ® electric strained wire (similar to the kind used to manage cattle and sheep) ® permanent wire-mesh netting

Ferreting is permitted and they can be sent down into burrows which will drive out rabbits. These should then be caught by net or shot.

Restrictions on fencing: ® You need Secretary of State agreement to put up fencing on Scheduled Monuments. ® You must not put up fencing on archaeological sites. ® Consider the environment; some wildlife habitats and species depend on rabbit grazing so think about wildlife when deciding where to put up rabbit fencing. ® You should install badger gates if the fence crosses any badger runs.

gas Gassing rabbits should be undertaken by someone who has been appropriately trained in the use of gassing products.

Traps and snares It’s important you follow the rules when using traps and snares as it is an offence to cause unnecessary suffering to an animal which has been caught.

Type ® Cage traps ® Drop box traps ® Spring traps When using any of these devices you must: ® Check traps and snares once a day ® Humanely despatch any rabbits you catch ® Only use approved spring traps

Ferreting is permitted 

You must NOT: ® place them where they will be exposed to severe weather ® place them near a fox earth or badger sett ® use self-locking snares

shooTing You may only shoot rabbits on your land if: ® You are the occupier of the land ® You shoot rabbits during the day ® You authorise one other person to shoot rabbits.

That person must be a member of the household ® You are a member of staff ® Be employed for reward to specifically control the rabbits You may rent land, or own land but do not own the shooting rights. If the owner of the shooting rights for your land will not agree to destroy the rabbits themselves, or allow you to use extra shooters, you can apply to Natural England for authority to do so.

There are laws about what you can use to shoot rabbits as well as when you must obtain a certificate.

Firearms and shotgun certificates: You must get a certificate to use a shotgun, rifle or other firearm.

You don’t need a certificate for: ® air rifles up to 12ft lb in power ® air pistols up toß 6ft lb in power You cannot use: ® bows or crossbows ® explosives (other than the legal ammunition for a firearm) You can shoot rabbits at night only if you are: ® an owner/occupier with shooting rights ® a landlord/landlady who has reserved their shooting rights ® a shooting tenant not in occupation who has derived the shooting rights from the owner ® an occupier, or one other person authorised by the occupier in writing, where the occupier has written authority from someone with the shooting rights Remember, there are penalties for illegal hunting and causing unnecessary suffering to an animal.

dispuTes Damage from rabbits coming from a neighbouring property can be a serious problem. You should contact the landowner to try to agree how to resolve the problem. But, if your neighbour fails to control them, you can make a complaint to Natural England.

For more information: rabbit fencing: countryside stewardship scheme: https://www.gov. uk/countryside-stewardship-grants/rabbit-fencing-supplement-fg4 Wildlife Management and Licensing at natural england. email: wildlife@naturalengland.org.uk Tel: 0845 6014523 if the rabbits live on land owned by network rail, you should telephone Network Rail national helpline. 03457 11 41 41.

Modern Farming ≈ 55

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Modern Farming ≈ 57

country lady

Combating mud fever Abi Rule looks at how to treat mud fever

M

ud Fever (or pastern dermatitis) is a real nuisance and for most it can be hard to avoid at least one case during winter.

It can affect any equine but is more common in feathered breeds.

Signs Skin around the horse’s pastern becomes inflamed and thickened. This can progress up the leg with lesions to the fetlock. Infection causes discharge which hardens into crusts which look scabby. These will harbour bacteria which can lead to swelling and lameness.

Causes Continuous wet skin becomes soft and susceptible to abrasion by mud. Sandy arenas can also damage the skin as can rough vegetation. Skin can also be weakened by frequent leg washing which dries and cracks the skin allowing in bacteria.

There is not one specific cause of mud fever which can be caused by staphylococcus and pseudomonas species as well as mites and fungi.

Thankfully, at my current yard, mud fever hasn’t been an issue. However, in the past it’s been a nightmare and I really for feel those who are up against it; as if coping with winter isn’t bad enough without a dose of mud fever thrown in as well!

There are a lot of tips for treating mud fever with contradicting advice; some say remove the scabs while others say leave well alone.

There doesn’t seem to be a ‘one size fits all’ approach for treating it but here are some commonly used methods. ® Most agree that keeping the skin clean and dry is key to fighting the infection so stabling is the usual starting point. ® It’s down to personal experience as to whether you decide to remove the scabs or not, and it’s likely to depend on the severity of the infection. The reason for removal is so that treatment can target the source of the infection underneath the scabs. If you decide to do this, soaking or poulticing the scabs will soften them and make removal much easier. Only gently remove the scabs; don’t force them off. ® Once you have cleaned the affected area, it can be washed with a mild disinfectant such as hibiscrub or iodine and then dried with a clean towel. ® There’s a plethora of products to treat mud fever on the market and I know many who are fans of Sudacrem but this should only be used on clean, dry legs to prevent mud fever. ® Again, there seems to be no universal treatment and some products that will work for some horses won’t work for others.

It’s important to take a proactive approach to mud fever; removing the horse from wet, muddy areas; clean bedding, towel drying legs and the application of a barrier cream will all help to prevent the infection.

Mud fever should be treated on a case-by-case basis; some horses will respond well to treatment whilst others may be better with minimal interference.

Always consult your vet for advice if you are in any doubt about diagnosing mud fever or how to treat your horse. n

Abi Rule is an amateur show jumper and the owner of A Country Lady — a blog devoted to those who share a love for horses and equestrian life.

Visit www.acountrylady.co.uk

58 ≈ Modern Farming