Modern Farming - Issue 06

modernfarmingmagazine.com

Issue 06 May 2017

S U P P O RT E D B Y

Saving our heritage The work of the RBST

Meet the farmer

Spotlight on the Cotswolds

Taking back the land

Gillian and Ian Dixon on rare breeds and diversification.

A look at the glorious picture postcard villages set in fertile rolling countryside

Dealing with invasive and non-native plants on your farm

C O R N WA L L - D e v O N - s O m e R s e t - W i Lt s h i R e - D O R s e t - g L O u C e s t e R s h i R e

Welcome THIS month we look at the work of the RBST which was founded more than forty years ago by a group of people determined to save our rare and native breeds The charity publishes a Watchlist each year which monitors each of the rare breeds. This year the plight of pig breeds, in particular an old favourite, the Gloucestershire Old Spot, is being highlighted by the organisation, which is urging consumers to be more aware of the meat that they are buying.

ON THE COVER Goldern Guensey goats (Pic: Church Farm)

NEXT MONTH

Ian and Gillian Dixon are doing their part to help rare British breeds on their farm near Okehampton in Devon. South Yeo Farm East is home to a huge variety of rare and native breeds as well as being a perfect example of agricultural diversification. Not only do the couple keep a variety of livestock and poultry, they also run training courses teaching various aspects of farming, from pig keeping to tractor maintenance as well as caring for the environment and working in harmony with nature.

• • • • •

LEAF Pigs - summer care Encouraging pollinators Poultry health – Salmonella Spotlight on ... Cranborne Chase

Modern Farming is published by: Event Partnership Publishing www.eventpp.co.uk hello@eventpp.co.uk 01209 808118

This month we feature the Dexter which is the smallest of the British cattle breeds. It has seen a huge resurgence in popularity thanks to its gentle disposition and quality beef. Its increasing numbers demonstrate how our native breeds are completely reliant on the changing tastes of the British people.

Editor Elizabeth Perry elizabeth@eventpp.co.uk 07563 786824

Best wishes,

Media services Manager Bethany Harrington 01209 808118 bethany@eventpp.co.uk

AdvErtising sales Manager Patricia Curnow 07778 215659 patricia@eventpp.co.uk Commercial director Eleanor Mason 07800 513221 eleanor@eventpp.co.uk

Event Partnership Publishing Publishers of Modern Farming Proudly in Partnership with The Royal Cornwall Agricultural Association

Elizabeth Perry Editor

Managing director Kenny Marshall kenny@eventpp.co.uk

Event Partnership Publishing (EPP) are a forwardthinking, multimedia business with both partnership work and own brand publishing and digital activity. ' 8 ' 0 6 Based in Cornwall our team has over 100 years' experience in 2#460'45*+2 $.+5*+0) publishing and we work with commercial clients across the2 7UK. Proud publishing partner to both The Royal Cornwall Agricultural Association and Cornwall Hospice Care, we offer a collaborative approach to ensure our partners' publishing requirements are met.

To find out how we can assist your member association, charity or event please get in touch today.

© All rights reserved. Material may not be re-produced without the permission of Event Partnership Publishing. While Modern Farming will take every care to help readers with reports on properties and features, neither Event Partnership Publishing nor its contributors can accept any liability for reader dissatisfaction arising from editorial features, editorial or advertising featured in these pages.

Event Partnership Publishing strongly advise viewing any property prior to purchasing or considerations over any financial decisions.

Event Partnership Publishing reserves the right to accept or reject any article or material supplied for publication or to edit such material prior to publication. Event Partnership Publishing cannot take responsibility for loss or damage of supplied materials. The opinions expressed or advice given in the publication are the views of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of Event Partnership Publishing. It is suggested that further advice is taken over any actions resulting from reading any part of this magazine.

Modern Farming ≈ 3

Trinicks offers a high quality, good value, personal approach for rural clients.

We specialise in:

Rural Property Rural Planning Rural Projects For more information, including case studies and seeing what others say, please see www.trinicks.co.uk

01726 884445 info@trinicks.co.uk Little Resparveth Farm, Grampound Road, Truro, Cornwall, TR2 4EF

p50

p10

Contents

p34

p10 RaRing to go Gillian and Ian Dixon talk to Elizabeth Perry about how they have diversified.

p17 agRiCHat Ruth Wills reviews discussions on fly tipping and planning ahead

p22 tHe diminutive dexteR A dual-purpose beast which is

p39

increasingly popular.

p30 veteRinaRy Pig health – sow mastitis

p34 SpotligHt on ...

The Cotswolds

p39 poultRy HealtH Cleaning the coop

p22

p40 pRoteCting paStuRe Maintaining good grassland improves productivity

p30

p44 Saving ouR HeRitage The work of the Rare Breed Survival Trust

p50 taking baCk tHe land How to keep land clear of weeds and control of invasive plants

p44

p54 CountRy lady Abi Rule puts feet first

p54

Modern Farming ≈ 5

NEWS AND VIEWS

“Chewing The Cud” with Berry's Agriculture

A

Y RUN BUSIN MIL ES FA S

BERRY 'S

Q

A GRICULTURE

Probiotic nutrition aid for rumen stability

UA LE LIT IB EX Y PERSO NAL - FL

Berry’s Agriculture offers an insight and advice on various products and management tools.

It's time for a rethink on nitrogen for maize Meeting the nutrient needs of maize crops in mid-summer by applying a foliar application of nitrogen has the potential to significantly increase yield.

On-farm evaluations on over 7,000 acres of maize, in Devon and Cornwall last summer showed the foliar feed treatment could lift yield by around three tonnes an acre, including just under half of that gain being in actual cob weight.

Treatment provides growing maize crops with essential nitrogen at a time when this can often be overlooked, but the crop has a big demand for nitrogen for both growth and cob development during late summer.

The foliar treatment, called Efficient 28, is based on a urea-based polymer delivering 28% nitrogen in a way that does not scorch the crop; it can be mixed with a fungicide if required.

Where maize crops are ‘starved’ of nitrogen after the eight leaf stage is reached, there is often clear evidence of cannibalisation where a maize plant will start to ‘eat itself’ and try to mobilise nitrogen it needs from its own leaves.

These leaves will be cannibalised by the plant right up to the cob, the only growing point of the crop. This impacts badly on the crop and ultimately yield will be affected.

Dairy & Beef farmers growing maize need to be convinced that by the end of July and beginning of August they are providing 35% of the crops nitrogen needs to be able to feed the developing cobs.

"Many of our customers are benefitting from extra yield and quality,” says Andy Berry. “The key is to get Efficie-N-t 28 onto the maize crop before it gets too big. It goes on to the leaf like a weak glue solution and can be seen as droplets still on the leaf several weeks later.

“The cost of the treatment is around £12/acre. Most of our customers last autumn reported fresh weight gains of up to 3.5tns/acre”.

syn-Vital is a dual-action, animal health yeast additive which combines the benefits of both a yeast culture and a live yeast Syn-Vital is an ideal probiotic animal nutrition aid to improve rumen stability and increase feed palatability.

Farmers report that; “After day 10 our milk yield steadily increased with no change to the ration apart from the introduction of Syn-vital. We have now seen an increase of 1.6L of milk in our fourth week.”

Dairy cows and beef cattle should be fed 30 to 50 grams per day and calves fed 15 grams a day for good rumen development to aid feed intakes and growth rates.

Syn-Vital is also suitable for pigs, chickens, horses, sheep and goats. Syn-Vital is available in 15kg bags For further information see our website www.effectivemicro-organisms.co.uk or contact us via info@effectivemicro-organisms.co.uk or 01823 673344.

For more information: Please call Andy Berry on 07969 164066.

Western Power Distribution to exhibit Western PoWer Distribution (WPD) will again be represented at three of the UK’s leading agricultural shows this summer – the Royal Bath and West, Shepton Mallet in Somerset; the Royal Three Counties at Malvern in Worcestershire, and the Royal Welsh at Builth Wells in Powys.

The company welcomes visitors to its safety exhibition display and stand where they will find a vibrant mix of things to do, including safety demonstrations, competitions and hands-on activities.

There’s also free information to adults and children about how to prevent accidents and how to stay safe on the farm and around electrical equipment, while safety competitions offer iPad mini equipment as prizes. Visitors

6 ≈ Modern Farming

are also taught about the dangers of flying a kite or using a fishing rod near overhead electric cables – and although the message is serious, the learning is fun and suitable for all ages.

Children and adults alike can also try out one of the fun and interesting science-based ‘hands on’ educational exhibits, and they will get a chance to meet WPD’s safety character Pylonman, who will be on hand to help with the competitions.

For safety advice and in an emergency call 0800 6783 105. You can also call the new National Power cut and emergency phone line 105.

For more information

Visit the website at www.westernpower.co.uk/safety advice

NEWS AND VIEWS

Specialists in cattle handling equipment GSF lIveStoCk equipment specialise in all types of cattle handling equipment. We design and build squeeze crushes, weigh crushes and both mobile and static handling systems.

We also now have two mobile squeeze crushes available to hire.

Cattle handling is easy with the correct handling equipment, and cattle crushes are a long-term fixture on a farm so it’s wise to invest in the best.

Whatever your requirements, why not email or a call us to discuss how we can help you.

For more information call Wilton on 07802 331006 or email wilton@gsf-livestock.co.uk or visit www.gsf-livestock.co.uk

Easter has been and gone – now for summer and good harvest Cornwall has been very busy over the Easter period, especially around Fowey which saw a great influx of visitors for the Bank Holiday weekend.

On the farm, we have tested the Red Ruby and Dexter cattle for TB but at the time of writing I am still in limbo, and await the return of the vet for the read in a couple of days.

He’s a very nice vet who travelled all the way from Exeter. His name, I think, was Edgar and he is from Spain. The two of us put through 57 cattle, including older calves, in just over an hour! That's probably down to the slaughterman in me, driven by piece rate.

Show season is soon upon us and the stand confirmation from the Royal Cornwall Show came in the post this week. This year I have two stands, No 94 for the James Kittow – Butcher & Grazier lorry shop, and inside the Food & Farming Marquee near the main ring for James Kittow – KiIlhallon Pantry. Pay us a visit to see what treats will be on offer from 8th to 10th June.

We will also be at the Padstow Vintage Rally from 30th June to 2nd July, and at the Liskeard Agricultural Show on July 8th.

A quick hello from new Countrywide Agri Sales Manager, Alistair Folly I returned to Countrywide in March after a two-year gap and my new role sees me focusing on the wider sectors of ruminant animal health, hygiene as well as nutrition. All three are actually inextricably linked with the successful production of profitable meat and milk being dependant on rearing and maintaining healthy thriving animals.

The supply industry has tended to separate out these areas but a more rounded, holistic approach on farm can bridge the gaps where one area impacts another.

For example, below par grass leys or late cutting dates are likely to lead to lower quality winter forage stocks which, in turn, could lead to underperforming animals and possible health challenges.

Having been on a number of AMTRA (Animal Medicines Training Regulatory Authority) training courses recently, it is surprising just how many times sound nutrition comes up as a means of improving animal health status and reducing the need for medicinal intervention.

Being able to look at all areas and have a basic level of experience I feel does mean I can do a better job for my customers, bringing technical expertise in the areas that perhaps require more detailed intervention.

The other area that is proving to be successful is our direct supply chain to our business customers. We are able to get products to customers, either direct from suppliers or via our Hub distribution centres.

The benefits to our customers are numerous including being able to offer a wider range at lower costs to customers having fresh up-to-date products.

It is great to be back at Countrywide and visiting farms again. Re-establishing some old contacts and friends as well as meeting new ones. One farmer who I visited last week said with a big grin on his face; “Well it’s good to see you old boy but there are quite a few grey hairs on your head these days” “Have you looked in the mirror yourself recently,” I replied; I did get an order, but not the sort I could put in my book!

For any orders or enquiries please contact me on 07467 222378.

Modern Farming ≈ 7

NEWS AND VIEWS

nFu Vice President guy Smith

A spectacular day out for all the family For over 45 years there has been a Summer Fair held at Forde Abbey raising much-needed funds for local charities. In 2016 this non-profit making Fair raised a staggering £30,000 for the Royal Agricultural Benevolent Institution (RABI) and Riding for the Disabled Association (RDA) and hope to do similar in 2017.

NFU survey on planning process FarmerS are being urged to take part in an NFU survey to give their views on the planning application process in England.

The NFU is gathering evidence from wider industry in a bid to inform its future lobbying work.

Respondents will have their feedback included as part of both the Government’s Rural Planning Review, and Housing White Paper.

NFU Vice President Guy Smith said it was essential those involved in planning issues impacting on farming businesses took part in the survey, so the NFU could engage with Government on possible future changes to planning rules and regulations.

“From farm shops to polytunnels, and farm reservoirs to changing use of agricultural buildings, planning regulations continue to be a major headache to our members, adding unnecessary burden and costs which can be barrier to business growth,” he added.

“We also need to have a consistent planning system, and for those who have the final say on any applications to be given thorough training so they are better informed of their rights and responsibilities.

“Ultimately, the planning system should enable businesses to be viable and vibrant, ready to pass on to future generations.”

Stunning location Set in the beautiful grounds of Forde Abbey, the Summer Fair has something for every member of the family including your dog! There will be lots of attractions to suit all ages and interests; dog show, dog scurry, parade of Park Beagles, fun fair, classic cars as well as fly fishing and falconry demonstrations. There are over 60 stalls, a Farmers’ Market, jazz band music and a delicious food court offering a wonderful range of street food.

As well as walking in the gardens and joining in the fun of the fair you can see Centenary Fountain, the highest, powered fountain in England with a maximum height of 160ft. ticketS This year the show is on Thursday 27th July from 11am to 4pm.

Tickets are available on the day; adults £8 and children (aged 5 to 15) £2.50; Children under 5 are FREE. Family Ticket (two adults and up to three children) £20. Discounted tickets are available in advance from the Forde Abbey Gift Shop; adult £6 Children (5-15) £2; Family Ticket (2 adults and up to 3 children) £14.

For more information Call 01460 220231 Email info@fordeabbey.co.uk Visit www.fordeabbey.co.uk

Modern Farming ≈ 9

MEET THE FARMER

Raring to go

From rare breeds to Christmas trees, and fishing to training courses, Gillian and Ian Dixon have have got it covered.

Elizabeth Perry finds out more.

T

hree generations of Dixons have farmed South Yeo Farm East, near Okehampton in Devon, and the longhouse which they call home is over four hundred years old. So it is fitting that when Ian and Gillian Dixon returned there in 2000 their aim was to save native breeds and restore the land so wildlife and livestock could live in harmony.

While Ian was raised on the farm, Gillian also has agriculture in her blood. “I grew up on a smallholding,” she recalls, “where we had chickens, ducks, and geese.

A farming neighbour would put his rams on our field and I'd spend hours talking with them and feeding them titbits of grass through the fence. As a youngster I always wanted to be a vet; I didn't manage that, but the writing was on the wall from an early age!” she laughs.

10 ≈ Modern Farming

MEET THE FARMER

Keeping breeds alive Gillian explains why the couple have focused on rare breeds. “My parents joined the Rare Breeds Survival Trust when it was first founded, so from an early age I became interested and taken to visit farm parks.

“Ian and I don't like to do the same as everyone else and feel strongly that the rarer breeds need conserving as they are a valuable genetic resource.

They often take longer to grow on but taste far superior to most quick finishing commercial breeds.

“We sell all our animals privately, either as breeding stock or as meat boxes sold and marketed from the farm, so our customers can see where they have come from.

Rare breeds suit this niche and we often have requests for meat from our specific breeds once customers settle on a favourite.

“Rare breeds are often rare for a reason; their flightiness or size often put people off. We have tried various breeds and found some suit our ground better than others so have focussed on those.

“We are also involved in the development of a new breed of sheep, The British Lavender which is a mid-sized sheep in an interesting lavender grey colour, created with the smallholder in mind” Gillian admits that she is tempted by other rare breeds. “Ian is always worried when he sees me flicking through books of other breeds,” she says, “and is resigned to me introducing new ones. However, we have agreed that seven sheep breeds is enough, so if I want something new now, something else has to go to make way!”

“Ian is more keen on the cattle and for me it's definitely the sheep. I'm a bit of an addict,” confesses Gillian. “He is more into the machinery and land management side of things, while most of the livestock husbandry falls to me so we complement each other in our areas of interest and expertise.”

The sheep lamb in two lots; some in January and February and the others in April. Some of the breeds naturally breed earlier so this spreads the load and meat box sales. “I love lambing, it's my favourite time of year,” Gillian says, “but I'm tired now and looking forward to summer!

“Many of the flocks of sheep are still growing as we have recently taken on ground from a neighbour so we are growing the flocks to keep up.”

 The Riggit Galloways show off their distinctive colouring

The views across the top field

Modern Farming ≈ 11

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MEET THE FARMER

Daisy Mae having a back scratch from Gillian  Ian collects vintage and classic David Brown tractors

running riggits

Working in harmony

As well as running Shorthorn Cattle, the Dixons also run a herd of Riggit Galloways. At first they were interested in Canadian Speckle Park but there were too few in the country to make it viable.

“Then, we saw Riggit Galloways and as they are marked like Speckle Park, we were drawn to them,” says Gillian. “We were won over by Alison Bunning's show team because of their docility, hardiness and markings.

They have been super animals which I can highly recommend. We have all our lamb skins and cow hides turned into luscious rugs to sell and the Riggits’ hides look superb.”

The Dixons are also passionate about nature and try to work in harmony with the environment. “Our pride and joy is the creation of our wildflower meadow. It came after foot and mouth in 2001,” Gillian enthuses.

“The field had previously been grazed but that year the animals were gone and I noticed one marsh orchid amongst the long grass. So we cut the field late to allow it to set seed each year and we saw the orchid numbers increase to hundreds. Then yellow rattle crept in and helped naturally increase wild flowers. Now in June and July it is a buzzing haven for bees, butterflies, moths and other wildlife.” n

increasingly diverse With 93 acres of land plus other rented land, the couple have diversified into several different enterprises, from fishing on a mile-long stretch of the River Lew to growing willows and running training courses for people venturing into farming or smallholding.

“We were asked to run training courses for the Devon Association of Smallholders and ran them from the farmhouse kitchen to start with but soon converted a barn in the farm yard into a dedicated training space.”

In addition, there is also an orchard and they grow Christmas trees. The workload seems almost impossible and Gillian admits that it’s not easy.

“Yes, that is an issue,” she sighs, “Holidays are a thing of the past. We do work long hours and every day but we live in a beautiful place and take time every now and then to appreciate it by leaning on a gate, having a siesta if the sun is out, or taking the dogs for a swim in the river.”

But the couple have learnt through trial and error and Gillian is happy to pass on their experience to the people on the training courses.

“The main piece of advice I would offer,” she says, “is not to take on too much at once until you know how your land lies and what you are capable of. Better to do one thing well than too many badly.”

south yeo Farm east livestock Breeds Cattle Shorthorn cattle – 15 Riggit Galloway cattle – 15 Sheep Shropshire – 35 breeding ewes Exmoor Horn – 16 Greyface Dartmoor – 9 Jacob – 18 Coloured Ryeland – 32 Balwen – 34

For more information visit: www.southyeofarm.co.uk

Modern Farming ≈ 13

THE AGRICULTURAL MORTGAGE CORPORATION

Time to consider long-term borrowing?

F

armers are continuing to face uncertainty, with an impending General Election and particularly now Article 50 has been triggered, raising concerns about the future of subsidy support, international trade terms and availability of foreign labour.

Faced with these challenges some farmers will wait and see what the future brings but others will want to go ahead and expand or diversify their businesses. Such investments usually involve borrowing, and when times are good farmers will often choose to repay quickly over, say, five to 10 years. But in the current climate, many are being more cautious and are looking to borrow over a longer term to ease cash flow.

Long-term Loans AMC is different in offering long-term, interest-only loans and some of our customers choose these loans as they give flexibility to make larger, capital repayments as and when their businesses can afford it, rather than being contracted into regular capital repayments. This approach works well with variable rate borrowing, but is less appropriate for fixed rate loans* because of potential redemption costs when making early repayments.

Long-term lending isn’t appropriate in all cases and most lenders will take the view that the length of the loan should match the lifetime of an asset; so borrowing over 30 years for land purchase works well, but isn’t appropriate for machinery or livestock purchases.

A long-term loan can also be used to refinance existing debt and make instalments more affordable. Whatever the purpose, it’s important to check your loan offer. A bank’s funding costs may be more expensive for a long-term loan and some lenders may compensate by offering very competitive terms for a loan which amortises for 20 years, but is subject to a full credit review, further fees and re-pricing after only five years.

14 ≈ Modern Farming

AMC Regional Agricultural Manager Jonathon Day

Such offers are perfectly reasonable, as long as the borrowers are aware it isn’t a long-term commitment.

For many others, however, a loan with terms committed for the next 20 to 30 years can give peace of mind in a period of uncertainty. n For more information: Contact Jonathon Day, regional agricultural manager, amC on 07834 868316 or visit our website at www.amconline.co.uk/borrow * there is always a possibility that interest rates may go down Leaving a fixed-rate loan at a higher level compared to a variable rate loan. However, if interest rates rise a fixed-rate loan will remain at the same rate.

AMC loans available for business purposes only, provided on a secured loan basis. Minimum AMC standard loan £25,001, minimum flexible facility £30,000. To meet customer requirements, lending criteria will vary. Lending is subject to status.

Supporting the future of farming We’ve been providing specialist finance for farmers for over 85 years, delivering funding built around your individual needs. You can arrange flexible short and long-term loans with no annual reviews*, so you’re free to get on with the business of farming.

amconline.co.uk/loans | 01264 334747

*Subject to AMC credit criteria and your obligations to AMC continuing to be met.

The Agricultural Mortgage Corporation plc. AMC loans available for business purposes only, provided on a secured loan basis. Minimum AMC Standard Loan £25,001, minimum Flexible Facility £30,000. To meet customer requirements, lending criteria will vary. Lending is subject to status.

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Manufacturers and suppliers of Mobile Manufacturers and and Static suppliers ofCattle Mobile Squeeze Crushes

and Static Cattle Squeeze Crushes Mobile Sheep Race (all with or without weigh systems)

Mobile Sheep Race (all with or without Ring Wilton on:systems) 07802 331 006 weigh

Email: wilton@gsf-livestock.co.uk gsflivestock www.gsf-livestock.co.uk Ring Wilton on: 07802 331 006

Email: wilton@gsf-livestock.co.uk gsflivestock www.gsf-livestock.co.uk

AGRICHAT

AgriChat Roundup As the UK’s first agricultural based hashtag, AgriChat has created a place where people in the industry can debate topical issues and share ideas.

AgriChat takes place on Twitter every Thursday from 8pm to 10pm.

Fly Tipping – 6Th April Fly tipping has been a hot topic in the farming press recently and most farmers have been affected in some way by fly tippers.

Fly tipping is extremely frustrating for landowners and farmers, especially when it’s left in a gateway where you need access, or in a field where you need to work.

Charles Tassell (@FarmInKent) commented that it’s not householders doing the fly tipping, but people who market themselves as a disposal business who then dump it.

This month Ruth Wills looks at discussions on fly tipping and farmers’ plans for the future.

Kevin Horner (@kevinhorner4) puts the increase of fly tipping in his local area down to their council tip opening times being cut.

did you seT yourselF Any TArgeTs For 2017 And hoW Are you geTTing on meeTing Them? – 30Th mArch This question prompted a variety of responses with some farmers saying they are looking into diversification as a way of future proofing the farm, whereas others were looking forward into succession planning. Daye Tucker (@RuralLeader) is taking a huge step this year and converting to organic.

WhAT Are your goAls For The nexT Five yeArs? WhAT Will you need To do To Achieve Them?

Andy Farrow (@andyfarrow5) revealed that he started farming ten years ago without any experience and now he will be running his own organic dairy herd. So his five-year plan is to develop the farm and gain profit.

Whereas Neil Quinlan (@neilquinlan) simply plans to make farming his full-time career.

WhAT cAn be done To reduce Fly Tipping?

geT involved

AgriChat takes place on Twitter every Thursday from 8pm to 10pm.

To join the conversation simply add #agrichatuk to your Tweets. To follow the conversations search #agrichatuk on Twitter.

® ® ® ® ®

suggest a topic contact us info@agrichatuk.org search #agrichatuk on Twitter Twitter hashtag guide Follow us on Twitter @Agrichatuk

Visit: www.agrichatuk.org

Although there isn’t really anything farmers can do to prevent fly tipping, keeping vigilant and reporting fly tipping will help. Some commented that cameras could be used to catch fly tippers in the act.

One suggestion was to make it easier for vans to use council tips because, although disposal may be free, some may be put off by the wait for the permit. Another suggestion was that tips should open more often or for longer periods of time.

WhAT is The biggesT opporTuniTy you hope To TAke AdvAnTAge oF in The nexT Five yeArs?

Katie (@woesofwellies) hopes to use her blog to promote young people in agriculture as well as women in agriculture.

With the eventual loss of subsidies many young farmers, including Jack Kent (@JKDairy27), are hoping to use this opportunity to their advantage as it is possible more tenancies will become available.

Rob Hitch (@Rob_Hitch) also agreed that there may be more land to rent and there may be more opportunities to farm in joint ventures. n

Modern Farming ≈ 17

COUNTRYWIDE FARMERS

Minerals and Trace elements are essential ration ingredients Minerals, trace elements and vitamins are essential nutrients, critical to almost every aspect of how a body grows, develops, functions, performs and reproduces.

Key for: ® Enzymes, body cells, bone, blood and body fluids. ® Hormone and energy production, digestion, muscle contraction, regulation of body fluid and pH levels, to digestion and reproduction. ® Production of milk, fleece and muscle tissue. ® Growth and reproductive rates and feed conversion efficiencies.

A sufficient minerals balance is vital to an animal’s physical health. While cattle and sheep can manufacture a wide variety of energy sources from available feed and forage supplies, they cannot manufacture essential minerals or trace elements.

Additional supplementation for these need to be supplied.

The macro or micro (trace) minerals are pivotal as to how energy, protein and fibre are used in the body.

Fat soluble vitamins such as Vitamin A, D and E are necessary for mineral uptake and assimilation in the body. Calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium and chloride (known as the “Macro” minerals, required in relatively large amounts because they are so heavily involved with structure of the body) are more critical, especially in performance and production animals.

Minerals are biological facilitators. They are the critical components of the structure of animals, and also of the many chemicals that allow the animal body to work and produce.

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A deficiency or lack of balance of the various minerals and trace elements can be a frequent cause of poor health, failure to thrive and actual disease conditions, as well as a more general failure or reduction of production. Inadequate trace mineral nutrition is one obvious, well recognised factor that can limit livestock production.

MinerAlS And trACe eleMentS hAve three broAd typeS of funCtionS 1. Structural components of body organs and tissues calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, fluorine in bones, and phosphorus and sulphur in proteins.

2. Constituents of body fluids and tissues as electrolytes concerned with body fluid balance, acid-base balance, membrane permeability, tissue irritability (including nerve transmission and muscle contraction) Examples being sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium and magnesium in blood, cerebrospinal fluid and gastric juices.

3. Catalysts in enzyme and hormone systems – all the trace elements.

Countrywide’s New Mineral Range for cattle and sheep offer supplementation to suit your livestock requirements, help keep performance on target and optimise health. n For more information:

Contact your local Countrywide Agri Sales Manager or call 0345 602 0212.

www.countrywidefarmers.co.uk

COUNTRYWIDE FARMERS

Nematodirus in Lambs Prevention is better than cure

N

ematodirus battus is a perennial problem, causing profuse, watery yellowy-green diarrhoea leading to acute dehydration and on-farm deaths. As the onset of disease can be very fast, farmers have to be vigilant and respond rapidly with appropriate anthelmintics..

It is important to remain vigilant as animals are let out pasture, as sudden changes in spring weather can lead to serious problems with nematodirus battus.

Nematodirus is a very serious and nasty parasite in lambs. At worst it can cause lamb losses (up to 5%) and at best it will have a serious impact on growth rate and live weight gain. Due to previous exposure, adult sheep have acquired resistance.

When the weather suddenly changes to warmer spring weather there is a mass hatching of parasites which have over-wintered on the pasture. If this coincides with the time lambs begin to eat significant amounts of grass (at six to 12 weeks old) this can have devastating effects.

It is vital to know the parasite forecast for your region which you should discuss with your SQP. This can also be accessed online at www.scops.org.uk.

Nematodirus is different to other roundworms because the larvae develop inside the egg on the pasture. As soon as the mass hatching is triggered by the weather they are active and ready to infect lambs. Rather than being passed from adult sheep to lambs within the flock, it is passed from the previous year’s lamb crop to this year’s via the pasture making it particularly difficult to control.

Be Ready Nematodirus is a very difficult disease to counteract as it strikes very suddenly so it is important to prevent it and pre-empt when it is likely to be an issue.

Severe damage is caused by the large number of infective larvae ingested so treatment cannot wait for symptoms to appear. There are massive losses in terms of mortality and production while surviving lambs require an extra two to three months to reach market condition.

SIgNS oF NemATodIRUS INFeCTIoN: ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®

Sudden onset profuse diarrhoea Faecal staining of tail and perineum Dull/depressed lambs Lambs which stop sucking Gaunt condition Dehydration Rapid loss of body condition Lambs congregating around water to rehydrate

Faecal worm egg counts are not useful for acute nematodirus infection as the disease is caused by adult infective larvae which are not yet producing eggs (which can take as long as two to four weeks once ingested). FWEC are absolutely vital for monitoring response to treatment following infection.

HIgH RISk FACToRS FoR NemATodIRUS BATTUS: ® Lambs grazing pasture that carried lambs the previous spring ® A sudden, late cold snap which is followed by a period of warm weather ® Lambs that are old enough to be eating significant amounts of grass ® Groups where there is also likely to be a challenge from Coccidiosis ® Lambs that are under other stresses e.g. triplets; fostered; on young or older ewes

TReATmeNT

If lambs are at risk and they need treatment for Nematodirus, then SCOPS advises farmers to use a white (1-BZ) drench.

It is extremely important to dose for the correct weight of lamb. A FWEC is recommended seven to 10 days after anthelmintic drenching to ensure that treatment was effective. It must be noted that severely affected lambs may require multiple treatments; your vet will be able to advise you.

PReveNTIoN

Avoid grazing lambs on the same pasture consecutive years where possible. Ensure you speak to your animal health advisor for the most up-to-date information.

For more information: on Spotinor please speak to your Countrywide agri Specialist or your Local Sales Manager.

Call us on 0345 6020212

www.countrywidefarmers.co.uk

Use Medicines Responsibly: Noah.co.uk/responsible * Ovidrench contains albendazole, selenium (as sodium selenite), and cobalt (as cobalt sulphate) Care should be taken to avoid the following practices because they increase the risk of development of resistance and could ultimately result in ineffective therapy: • Too frequent and repeated use of anthelmintics from the same class, over an extended period of time.

• Under dosing; this may be due to underestimation of body weight, misadministration of the product, or lack of calibration of the dosing device (if any) Active Ingredients with Nematodirus Indications The following active ingredients or combinations are licenced for the treatment of nematodirus battus: Albendazole, oxfendazole, fenbendazole, Ricobendazole, levamisole, ivermectin, doramectin, moxidectin, monepantel and derquantel/ abamectin* *Refer to the SPC data sheet for individual product as indications may vary between brands or presentation. Your SQP will help you select the most appropriate product for your farm.

Modern Farming ≈ 19

NEWS AND VIEWS

Truly traditional show the Honiton & District Agricultural Association hold their 127th show on Thursday, 3rd August 2017.

The Grand Parade is one of the many highlights of the main ring activities where the day’s livestock winners proudly parade. The 2017 main ring will be a hive of activity with fantastic acts including Bolddog Lings Freestyle Motocross Team, Honda’s official and the UK’s number one motorcycle display Team.

‘The Sheep Show’ is back with its humorous live stage show all about sheep. And don’t miss the sheep shearing and their ‘dancing sheep’.

Honiton are extremely excited to welcome Joseph’s Amazing Camels to the Main Ring. The camels and jockeys are specially trained and wear fantastically colourful Arabian style outfits to add pizazz. As well as racing, the camels are on display all day.

We also have the Ridgeside Lurcher Display; a fast, action-packed demonstration. The highlight is a race between the lurchers and a hawk.

The public are also invited to have a go with their own dogs – whatever their breed.

A very exciting attraction is making a flying visit to Honiton – two thrilling aerobatic displays performed

by Viper Aerobatics flying a beautiful Pitts aeroplane.

There will also be hurdle making, ferret racing, a blacksmith’s guild and a vintage tractor section with nearly 100 vehicles on display. And Honiton plays host to the West of England Hound Show.

With over 400 trade stands, including the new home and craft marquee, shopping and a fabulous food hall there really is something for everyone. We have a huge range of food courts offering the very best produce.

Honiton prides itself on being a truly traditional agricultural show with a unique atmosphere so make a note in the diary, 3rd August, Don’t forget accompanied under 16’s are free. Advance tickets are just £14.50 for a whole day of entertainment.

For further details on the show, trade enquires, schedules or details on becoming a member of the Association with all its benefits please contact the secretary on 01404 41794, also follow us on twitter @honitonshow1890.

Royal Cornwall Show countdown is on Agriculture is right at the heart of the Royal Cornwall Show and this year the annual celebration of Cornish farming takes place on the 8th, 9th & 10th June.

As one of the finest traditional agricultural shows in the country, you won’t be surprised that the trade area dedicated to the industry is vast. Just about every major farm machinery manufacturer, feed supplier and a myriad of related agriculture-related businesses and organisations will be represented.

It’s a key date on the farming world’s calendar and a must-visit for anyone considering their next investment for their business. Whether that’s a new tractor, milking parlour or looking for providers of professional services.

The competitive cattle, sheep, pig and goat sections at the show are well respected and strong support from exhibitors is expected.

This year will see the National Show of South Devon Cattle hosted at the event.

Something for everyone As usual, the main ring entertainment programme will be bursting with a variety of headline acts, from the high octane to highly skilled, with something for everyone.

There will be over 1,000 quality trade stands to browse. Add to the mix dog and flower shows, the busy yet peaceful countryside area, forestry, rare breeds and smaller animal and bird competitive sections – plus the superb steam fair and vintage vehicle display and you have all of the elements for a fantastic show.

For more information You can find out everything you need to know about the show and buy e-tickets by visiting www.royalcornwall.co.uk

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Modern Farming ≈ 21

All pics: Dexter Cattle Society

LIVESTOCK

The breed is small and has a gentle disposition

The Diminutive Dexter Dexters have seen a resurgence in popularity thanks to their excellent meat and small size

J

ust what is it about Dexters that has made them one of the most popular beef cattle of the last thirty years? Is it their size which makes them so easy to care for? Or is it the fact that the cattle are happy in different types of management systems? Or, perhaps, their ability to adapt to any climate, regardless of extremes is what appeals. Worldwide, from Argentina to Australia and New Zealand to Zimbabwe, Dexters have captured the hearts of breeders across the globe.

History Their predominantly black colouring harks back to the dark cattle of the early Celts, but Dexters can also be red or dun. The breed is nearly 200 years old and is mentioned in a report on Irish Cattle by David Low from 1845. This describes how a Mr Dexter settled in County Tipperary in 1750 and proceeded to breed from local hardy mountain cattle, being careful in selecting certain types, and naming the resulting breed after himself.

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The first Dexters were sent to England in 1882 and first shown at the Royal Show at Norwich in 1886. In less than ten years, the breed was fully established in Great Britain and the Dexter Kerry cattle society was formed.

Meat Dexter meat is renowned for its flavour and quality as well as its excellent marbling. Plus, because Dexters are small, early maturing and excellent meat converters, they are a very economical breed.

Dexters can: ® Finish on grass at 20 to 24 months – without supplementary feeding. ® Average carcase weights of between 145 to 220kg. ® Good meat to bone ratio with a killing-out percentage of over 56 per cent

LIVESTOCK Breed sTandard

~ Dexters are believed to originate from black Celtic cattle.

Milk Dexters are dual-purpose cattle and Dexter cows are very maternal, milk well and make good mothers. Heifers mature young and are ready to breed from 15 to 18 months of age but rarely experience problems calving.

Dexters are long lived and able to be bred from for 14 years or more.

The cows’ milk has a high butterfat content (over 4 per cent) and protein levels (3.51 per cent). Their milk yield is variable depending on the purpose: ® Diary cows will yield on average 10 to 12 litres a day (up to 14 litres) ® House cows yield 8 to 10 litres daily ® Suckler cows can raise two calves well A very hardy breed, cattle can winter out, with adequate shelter provided.

Colour: Wholly black, wholly red and wholly dun are of equal merit. A little white will not disqualify but must be limited to: Bull: A small amount on the organs of genera on and in the tassel of the tail. There must be no white forward of the navel or on any other part of the body.

Cow: A small amount on the udder and underline, in the tassel of the tail and on the vulva. There must be no white forward of the navel or on any other part of the body.

Type: Both types of Dexter, i.e. short legged and non-short legged, are of equal merit. However, extremes of either type are discouraged.

Head: Short and broad, tapering gracefully towards a broad muzzle. Jaws wide enough to accommodate well-placed teeth with an even bite. Eyes bright and prominent, with a kind and placid expression.

Neck: Deep and thick, but not too short or too long, blending well into the shoulder. Head should be carried above the spine.

Horns: Moderately thick, with an inward, upward curve. Removal of horns will not be penalised in the show ring. Polled animals are acceptable, but must be notified in writing.

Body: Ample brisket giving plenty of room for the heart and lungs: well sprung ribs: wide across the loin. Quarters thick and deep, broad and full hips, well rounded rump. Straight top line with tail set level with spine.

Bulls: Well-hung testicles of even size. Four well-defined teats, well placed and evenly spaced.

Cows: Udder should be well attached with high and wide rear attachment and a strong median suspensory ligament. The four teats should be of medium size, well placed on the udder, hanging plumb and of equal length. All four quarters should be of equal size.

Legs: Good width between both front and back legs.

Legs should be of moderate length in proportion to body size, squarely placed under the body and perpendicular when viewed from the rear.

Feet: Feet should be short toed, deep heeled and level soled. They should not turn inwards or outwards.

~ Generally Dexters have no problems calving

Two Types One of the reasons breeders choose Dexters is their diminutive size; the Dexter is the smallest of the British cattle breeds. There are two recognised types; the short legged and the non-short which grow up to 107cm (36 to 42in) at the shoulder.

Short-legged Dexters are the result of a recessive gene, chondrodysplasia, which causes dwarfism. A short legged Dexter mated with another short legged animal can result in deformed or ‘bulldog’ calves so only short legged and non short legged animals should be mated.

Skin: Loose and pliable. Hair short and sleek in summer, longer and thicker in winter.

Size - Bulls: Between 42 and 48 inches (106 and 121 cm) at the rump.

Cows: Between 38 and 44 inches (96 and 111 cm) at the rump.

For more information:

The Dexter Cattle Society: 024 7669 2300 Email: secretary@dextercattle.co.uk or visit: www.dextercattle.co.uk

Modern Farming ≈ 23

NATIONAL BEEF EXPO

NBA seminars NBA Beef Expo 2017 seminars offer advice, information and thought provoking ideas, the majority of which can be taken home and implemented the following day. And they’re all free of charge.

9.30am – ORGANICS Four short talks highlighting the benefits of adopting an organic system on farm. The session will be chaired

by Peter Jones of the Organic Livestock Marketing Co-operative and will conclude with a Q&A session. ® Liz Bowles, Head of Farming, The Soil Association Topic: The Benefits of Beef Production on Organic Arable Farms ® Matt Johnson, Organic Beef & Sheep Farmer and Butcher. Topic: Producing Organic Beef and Running a Butchers Shop ® Tim Leigh, OLMC Finished Stock Marketing Manager. Topic: Marketing Cattle to Maximise Returns ® Wayne Copp, Organic Producer. Topic: Farming North Devon Cattle 11.00am – HEALTH Three topical health seminars, highlighting key health issues within the industry; BVD, Cryptosporidium and Chronic Liver Fluke, and the latest research available to help overcome such issues on a herd basis and as an industry. ® Boehringer Ingelheim. Topic: Why tag dead calves?

Insights from the National BVD Survey 2017 ® Dr Frank Katzer, Senior Scientist at Moredun Foundation. Topic: Cryptosporidium in Cattle ® Steve Sheridan, Merial Vets, speaking on Liver Fluke 12.30pm – FINISHER FORUM An exciting forum encompassing all aspects of finisher production from policy to production efficiencies. ® Dr.Jamie-Leigh Douglas, Technical Support manager, AB Vista Nutrition. Topic: Improving efficiencies to Champion Profitability ® Bill Harper, Trustee Director of the NBA. Topic: Policy changes for Finisher Units ® Adam Quinney, AHDB, speaking on future beef supply 14.00pm – BREEDING SEMINAR A forward thinking seminar looking into the future of cattle breeding. ® Mark Smith, Genus Beef Genetics ® Alison Glasgow, Limousin Cattle Society. Topic: Limousin Breeding Improvement Adding Value for Commercial Producers 15.15pm – INTEGRATED BEEF SUPPLY Three industry leading speakers presenting the benefits of an integrated beef system followed by a Q&A session. ® Matt Nightingale, CEO of Meadow Quality ® John Bell, CEO of Berryfields Farm and Berrystock Feeds ® Dr Amiee Hafla, Beef Nutritionist, AGRI-KING Ltd.

24 ≈ Modern Farming

Key beef industry event is back NBA BEEF ExPO is a true celebration of the strength of the great British Beef Industry and is the UK’s key annual event held on behalf of the industry, bringing together the very best British pedigree and commercial cattle.

Hosted by the National Beef Association (NBA), the 2017 event will take place at the NAEC Stoneleigh, Warwickshire on Thursday 18th May. The 2017 NBA Beef Expo provides British breeders and producers with an excellent platform to showcase the quality of their cattle, and visitors can expect to see some of the finest examples of British breeding from all corners of the UK. As the event will be the first of its kind post Brexit, there will undoubtedly be a focus on what this means for British farmers in terms of opportunities moving forward.

A major feature of the event is the National Commercial Cattle Show (NCCS) which will see, as always, farmers from the length and breadth of the UK showing the very best cattle from their herds, all hoping for a share of the £5000 overall prize fund. Alongside the NCCS, visitors have the opportunity to browse in the region of 120 commercial and educational trade exhibits, as well as specialist Breed Society stands.

NBA Beef Expo is a nucleus for knowledge sharing and networking. Trade exhibitors will highlight, through displays and demonstrations, the latest industry trends and developments as well as nutrition and genetics. Applications are now open for businesses, traders and breed societies wishing to attend the 2017 event.

As in previous years, the highly anticipated farm tours will take place on Wednesday 17th May giving people the opportunity to gain an insight into how various beef enterprises are managed.

This year the farm tour includes three diverse beef farms all championing efficiency in their relative sectors and showcasing the very best of British beef production.

As part of the event the NBA will also be hosting a range of seminars and workshops held by various industry professionals.

Chris Mallon, Chief Executive of the NBA commented; “Plans for NBA Beef Expo 2017 are certainly in full swing and we are very much looking forward to welcoming farmers and exhibitors to the event in May. Following the UK’s Brexit decision this year, this will be a key focus as we offer support and help British producers who may have concerns surrounding this."

NATIONAL BEEF EXPO

WIN TWO TICKETS TO NBA BEEF EXPO 2017 Modern Farming Magazine has teamed up with The National Beef Association to offer our readers the chance to win two tickets to the NBA Beef Expo on Thursday 18th May. For your chance to win, simply answer the following question correctly.

Where is the NBA Beef Expo 2017 being held?

Email your answer to competitions@eventpp.co.uk by Friday 12th May. Terms and Conditions apply. For full terms and conditions visit www.modernfarmingmagazine.com/competition-terms-conditions

Beef Expo to host South Devon Performance Championships The National Beef Association are pleased to announce that they will be hosting the South Devons’ Performance Championships alongside their National Commercial Cattle Show on the 18th May 2017.

The Performance Championships will judge cattle based on both performance figures and inspection with entries from herds that are Breedplan performance recorded.

The South Devon breed originates from the South West and is the largest native beef breed. Caroline Poultney, the Breed Secretary of the South Devon Herd Book Society said; “We feel that performance figures play a key role in the future of cattle breeding. As a society, we actively encourage herds to record performance to improve their herd selection process and improve sale prospects.

The Performance Championships aim to celebrate those herds who are reaping the benefits of performance recording and showcase their quality cattle”.

R

Modern Farming ≈ 25

THE 127th HONITON AGRICULTURAL SHOW Thursday 3rd August 2017

HORSE AND PONY CLASSES - HEAVY HORSES - CATTLE AND SHEEP CLASSES PRIVATE DRIVING - VINTAGE TRACTORS - DOG SHOW OVER 400 TRADE STANDS / CRAFT TENT / FOOD HALL / RURAL SKILLS / COUNTRYSIDE AREA DONKEY RIDES / YOUNG FARMERS CLUBS / BEES & HONEY / ACTION PACKED MAIN RING INCLUDING BOLDDOG LINGS FREESTYLE TEAM / JOSEPHS AMAZING CAMELS / VIPER AEROBATICS SOLO PITTS FLYING DISPLAY / RIDGESIDE LURCHER DISPLAY

Please apply for Horse and Livestock Schedules

Advance Tickets just £14.50 - Children Under 16 FREE

visit our web site www.honitonshow.co.uk Secretary: Marcelle Connor (Tel/Fax: 01404 41794) Bank House, 66a High Street, Honiton, Devon EX14 1PS

SYN-VITAL LIVE YEAST

· Rumen stability & feed palatability · Increased feed conversion efficiency · Can be fed to monogastrics and ruminants · Improved dry matter intakes · Increased milk production · Enhanced animal growth rates · Improved animal health and immunity

PROPERTY

What to do with an Agricultural Occupancy Condition Agricultural ties/occupancy conditions continue to be imposed on properties for agricultural workers when first permitted and remain on the property irrespective of changes to the farm.

T

he planning condition seeks to restrict occupancy (not ownership) of the property to someone employed in agriculture or a retired farmer/ farm worker. Persons supplying services to agricultural businesses such as agronomists or even contractors do not normally comply. The condition may also include a locality clause, restricting occupation to only those farming or last farming in the area.

In seeking to remove a condition, in most cases it must be proven that there is a lack of need on the holding and in the locality. Whilst need on the holding can be done with an assessment of stocking, cropping and land farmed, need in the locality will generally require a marketing campaign showing that the property could not sell to buyers who comply. Given the general lack of bank lending on such properties, the time to market is now. Typically, marketing should be for a period of around 12 months, however some LPAs within their local plans are now seeking a 24 month period.

There is a general reluctance from many LPAs to refuse planning applications to lift agricultural ties. However, where it can be shown that a tie has outlived its usefulness the LPA are minded to approve an application for it to be lifted. The onus is firmly on the applicant to prove that there is no longer a need for the agricultural dwelling on the holding and in the locality. Where failed schemes are taken to the appeal, the Planning Inspectorate will give particular consideration to the initial guide price, and whether it adequately reflects the fact that the subject property is not unencumbered, the marketing period and the methods of advertising.

Therefore, from the very outset of marketing, these

factors should be borne in mind. Throughout the process, good record-keeping is encouraged of all advertising undertaken, number of viewings, and offers (failed or otherwise). Lifting the agricultural tie can significantly enhance the asset value of the property; however the process needs to be undertaken well to be successful.

The Planning Act allows for a breach to be unenforceable when sufficient time has passed at which point Local Authorities can no longer take action. For agricultural ties the period is ten years. Where there has been non-compliance for ten or more years, a Lawful Development Certificate (LDC) can be applied for which allows for future lawful occupation without complying with the tie. Unlike the above, the LDC does not physically remove the condition, therefore it could potentially be reactivated where a compliant person subsequently occupies the property – be aware.

It is possible to amend a tie, for example to bring it in line with the modern wording or to add other nonagricultural uses such as equine. This can also be done by way of a planning application.

Acorus Planning Consultants are experienced in all aspects of Agricultural Dwellings and Occupancy Conditions. It is important to get things right and there is a lot of misinformation given regarding what an occupancy condition means, so talk to us at first. n For further advice: Contact James Whilding, at our Exeter office on 01392 873900, or see our website wwwww.acorus.co.uk

Modern Farming ≈ 27

NEWS AND VIEWS

Sale success Kivells Farms & Land Department are pleased to report on the successful sale and completion of a 198 acre Dairy Farm– Ashgrove Farm, Tremaine, Launceston in North Cornwall.

The farm comprises a modern four-bedroom bungalow (Agricultural Occupancy Condition) and a comprehensive range of modern farm buildings capable of housing 300 head of dairy livestock and a 50kwh wind turbine. The farm was re-launched in the autumn of 2016 against a guide price of £2,200,000 and again the farm attracted both local and national interest selling to a Cornish dairy farming family who are expanding their farming operation specialising in a spring calving grazing-based dairy system.

Kivells were able to bring their full range of services into operation in assisting the vendors through the sale process of the freehold farm including advising and conducting dispersal sales for the Pedigree 'Tremaine' Herd of Holstein dairy cattle and a separate dairy young stock sale at Holsworthy Livestock Market, store cattle dispersal auction at Hallworthy Stockyard and the removal of the machinery for auction at the fast growing collective machinery sales held monthly at Holsworthy Livestock Market.

Quality dairy farms and significant blocks of land are still in short supply in the West Country and Kivells are pleased to be able to announce the imminent launching of a 200-acre dairy farm at Crediton and a block of 50 acres at Bradworthy in North West Devon.

Co-ordinating the sale of a dairy farm and the assets on that farm require significant planning in order to maximise value. Complications and timings of TB tests, livestock sales and machinery sales play an important part in the process. Kivells Farms & Land Department assisted by its rural practice chartered surveyors, livestock and machinery auctioneering teams are well placed to provide a comprehensive professional service.

For more information: If you are considering a future sale and require a confidential discussion or valuation please call 01409 259547.

28 ≈ Modern Farming

Stop rural crime as it happens A teAm of young tech entrepreneurs have developed a new, real-time, remote area security system in answer to the continuing rise in rural crime, which cost rural communities an estimated £43 million last year.

Developed over three years in consultation with Hampshire Police, TelemetriCop is a long-range, radio mesh networked, wireless security camera system specifically designed to counter crime as it develops rather than after it has happened.

Managing Director Hugo Stride explains; “I live in a remote, rural property and have, like a lot of people, suffered from thefts from outbuildings, fly tipping and opportunistic crime. As a result we looked at what we might do to increase security.

“We designed TelemetriCop to address all the shortcomings of conventional CCTV for rural, remote area security. Most of all we wanted something capable of stopping a crime from happening there and then, rather than just supplying a photographic record of it after the event” Potential users of the system include farmers, estate owners, unattended second home owners, rurally-based businesses, security firms or anyone who is in a remote location.

The system operating on a licence-free UHF frequency. The TelemetriCop camera is armed with a motion-activated sensor which triggers a photograph to be taken. Then, a highly compressed image is transmitted to a base station. It is forwarded to a server

and automatically passed through Telemetricor's own image recognition system which, using image filtration algorithms, analyses whether the information may be actionable or not. In this way, false alarms caused by wildlife, shadows or wind-blown foliage are generally avoided and information which the system has deemed of potential interest is sent to the user.

Any image passing this filter is immediately relayed to an app which alerts the user and allows them to view the image on a device via a secure web platform. The images can then be shared at the touch of a button with a preassigned response team and appropriate action then taken.

On average the time between the photograph being taken and the user receiving a potentially actionable image is just 60 seconds.

The TelemetriCop system has been comprehensively tested, including police-arranged field trials. These tests have already resulted in a successful prosecution and a custodial sentence being handed down.

The TelemetriCop camera is £450 (excluding VAT). The price of a base station is £225 (excluding VAT). Both come with a 12 month warranty.

An unlimited number of cameras and relays can be added which will work with an existing network. The cameras are available in two versions – either AA battery powered or solar powered.

For more information:

For more on the TelemetriCop remote area security system visit www.telemetricop.com

NEWS AND VIEWS

Ritchie Stock Cube B

rean farmer Richard Bigwood and his family have certainly experienced their fair share of life’s ups and downs. As tenant farmers at Brean Farm on the Somerset Levels for eighteen years, the family took on a 200-acre arable tenancy. Now the farm’s average has expanded to 500 acres. Richard has chosen to switch crops to a five-year grass ley system whilst building a pedigree suckler herd and fattening on 170+ calves.

Four years ago son Henry, who had built up an extensive local plumbing business, took on the responsibility of building and managing the beef enterprise. Hereford x Friesians x Limousin calves out of British Friesians have been the mainstay, but a pedigree Simental bull has been added to ensure the farm’s continuity in rearing quality calves for the beef market.

With all the family so busy, all stock handling has to be simple and Richard and Karen are both keen to emphasise safety; after all, the entire business would come to a halt should any member of the team is injured. A nasty scare in 2014 when Richard and Henry were handling skittish mature animals ready for market emphasised this point, and they sought a new line of cattle handling products that would keep them all safe.

Brean Farm now utilises a new Ritchie Mobile Cattle

Crush and Stock Cube after comprehensive research into farm-safe cattle handling products. With these two mobile additions, the 22 to 24-month-old stock, as well as young calves, are handled out on the Levels in summer and through the buildings in winter.

Set-up time is minimal as the Stock Cube is selfcontained and is easily carried on a front-end loader with the mobile crush towed to any site on the farm.

The Ritchie Stock Cube unfolds to form a multi-pen safe handling system, where a single operator is always behind and separated from forward moving stock.

Monthly cattle weighing and health checks have become noticeably quieter as the cattle adapt to the regular, no aggravation, handling experience within the cube.

The Mobile Cattle Crush’s fully sheeted sides, automatic head yoke and two sliding gates are items that make the unit perfect for its job. Side gates on either side open to provide access to stock of all ages and sizes, be it calves for tagging or castrating, or cows held for A.I. A head yoke is an added bonus, keeping animals steady.

With stock numbers increasing, Richard and family are confident that the beefy Ritchie equipment satisfies the safe and easy running of the farm. n

Modern Farming ≈ 29

Pig health – sow mastitis ~ Mastitis can result from infection, toxins or physical damage.

Mark White BVSc LLB DPM MRCVS explains the causes and treatment of mastitis in pigs Mastitis is often, wrongly, diagnosed when there is any problem with the udder after farrowing. But, many ‘milking problems’ are agalactia, i.e. failure of milk production and not the result of infection.

It is generally believed that mastitis is infectious but the true definition is inflammation in the udder; this inflammation can result from infection, toxins or turn physical damage.

ACUTE MASTITIS The clinical presentation is nearly always concentrated around or just after farrowing. The sow will be obviously ill and: ® ® ® ® ® ®

depressed reluctant to rise or suckle inappetant raised temperature udder hard all over; hot; reddened; extremely painful Expressed milk may be watery, clotted, discoloured and, in severe cases, blood stained

Temperatures can be highly variable and rise to 40°C (104°F) without any obvious abnormality; a pig’s normal temperature is 38 to 39°C (c101°F). An acutely mastitic sow will have a raised temperature, up to 41.5°C. (107°F).

The condition can be life threatening for the sow and the litter will display signs of starvation as they fail to suck.

CAUSES

Causes are usually bacterial gaining access via the teat as an ascending infection.

Infection can be caused by: ® Warm, moist conditions – particularly associated with solid floors ® Wood-based bedding The agents most commonly implicated are E coli, Klebsiella and occasionally Pseudomonas, which are contaminants of the udder arising from the faeces or the environment.

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TrEATMEnT

As an acutely toxic condition, treatment must be rapid and aggressive. Treatment should be tailored to the needs of the animals but should include: 1) Antibiotics given at the correct dose/selected for their likely activity against the range of organisms implicated.

Whilst laboratory testing and sensitivity patterns are useful in the longer term, the sow is likely be to dead before results are known in a single one-off case. The treatment selected must have good penetration to the udder.

2) Anti-inflammatories e.g. ketoprofen or meloxica to reduce pain and inflammation and lower the temperature. Cortisone should be avoided as it can reduce milk production.

3) Oxytocin to aid milk flow. Alternatively, older piglets can be used to get the sow’s milk flowing. However, there is a risk of scour in the piglets.

4) The sow must be encouraged to drink by regularly stimulating her to rise.

Piglets can die due to lack of milk and need additional care

All images courtesy of NADIS unless otherwise stated

Photo: Flickr/Bryan Ledgard

Veterinary

Veterinary

CHronIC MAstItIs

 Discrete lumps in the udder

Hardened lumps in the udder tissue, especially in the rear half of the udder, are commonly seen in sows and are termed 'Actinomycosis' or lumpy udder.

CAuses

ConsequenCes Often the sow will survive but will need to be dried off and the litter fostered. The sow should not be bred from again, but if retained, should not be re-served for at least three weeks after farrowing. In some cases, death will occur despite treatment.

Control

Photo: Flickr/Jennicatpink

Pigs are at less risk on slatted systems. If acute mastitis is a significant problem avoid wood-based bedding around the farrowing period. Chopped straw or shredded paper are preferable.

Hygiene is the key so it’s essential to wash and disinfect farrowing pens but also to allow the pen to dry. Concentrated disinfectant (particularly phenolic disinfectants) can damage the teat allowing in infection so don’t allow the disinfectant to dry |on the floor.

Always ensure that disinfectants are cleared from water troughs before sows are crated to avoid them drinking what are potentially highly toxic chemicals.

Similarly, if lime washing is undertaken, ensure it is fully cured (minimum four days) before re-stocking.

Washing sows on entry to the farrowing crate can be beneficial but only if they are allowed to dry thoroughly before crating - a technique that usually requires a clean straw-based holding area in which sows can dry off.

Actinomyces suis is the most common cause but other bacteria may be implicated.

Lumps appear to be associated with damage and fight wounds to the udder and are more common in sows housed on straw than on slats. Chronic mastitis may be a feature of the heavy levels of contamination that occur in the weaned sow pen.

Alternatively, the infectious agent may penetrate the udder due to teeth damage from a previous lactation but this only becomes apparent once the milk-producing tissue atrophies after weaning.

The initial swelling is hard and painless and there is no systemic illness. In some cases the hardened lump remains dormant, although there is probably a reduction in milk production for the affected glands.

However, at the next farrowing the lesions can become active; they increase in size and ulcerate, exuding pus.

The udder can become so enlarged that it drags on the ground. When weaned, it will be prone to further damage and contamination.  Sows on woodchip bedding are vulnerable to acute toxic mastitis.

treAtMents The key to controlling chronic mastitis is dealing with the initial lesions. Enlarged lesions cannot be cured. The best that can be hoped for is healing of the ulcer, shrinkage of the swelling and premature culling.

Aim to reduce udder injury and contamination through: ® Weaning into smaller groups ® additional floor space (4m²/sow) will help ® Regular cleaning and disinfection of the weaning pen

 The sow may be reluctant to suckle.

A VAluABle resourCe the main aim of nADIs is to highlight the importance of better animal health through veterinary health planning and to encourage dialogue between farmers/livestock handlers and their veterinary practitioner. NADIS provides a valuable learning resource and revision guide for everyone interested in animal health and welfare.

Long-acting antibiotics may be given in persistent problem herds and teeth reduction in piglets by grinding or clipping (supervised by a vet) soon after birth may be appropriate.

Once lesions have developed they will persist. Sows with swellings that are larger than a small melon, and any ulcerated lesions, often require on farm euthanasia. On no account should such animals be presented at market.

Costs The costs of mastitis arise from treatment, loss of production and death/premature culling. n For more information: Visit www.nadis.org.uk

Modern Farming ≈ 31

ADVERTISEMENT FEATURE

“We don’t think Uncle’s will is fair but there’s nothing we can do about it” “ Shortly before he died Uncle changed his will and left his farm to his housekeeper. She is going to sell and move away. We cannot afford to buy it. It was always supposed to come back to the family to go with Home Farm.

Home Farm is not viable without it and will have to be sold. But it is what he wanted so we are stuck with it. ” It is right that people can dispose dispose of their property in their wills however they wish.

As long ago as 1873 the Court held: “… Accordingly, by the law of England everyone is left free to choose the person upon whom he will bestow his property after death entirely unfettered in the selection he may think proper to make. He may disinherit, either wholly or partially, his children, and leave his property to strangers to gratify his spite, or to charities to gratify his pride, and we must give effect to his will, however much we may condemn the course he has pursued.”

It is not right that everyone else must just go along with it.

Examples Uncle’s will may not be implemented in full or perhaps at all if for example (this is not a complete list) a Court considers that: 1. The will is invalid, because Uncle lacked testamentary capacity or because he did not understand and approve the terms of the will he made or because he was put under ‘undue influence’ to make his will in the terms he did against his real wishes; 2. Uncle promised to leave all or part of his estate to someone who helped him on the

32 ≈ Modern Farming

farm, and that promise takes priority (in a 2009 case the House of Lords enforced such a promise in relation to a farm in the Cheddar area); 3. Some of Uncle’s property was jointly owned with someone else who will inherit it no matter what Uncle’s will says; 4. Uncle did not make reasonable financial provision for someone who can make an Inheritance Act claim (very topical following the Supreme Court decision in March 2017 in an Inheritance Act claim by an adult child); 5. The solicitor made a mistake and Uncle’s will can be ‘rectified’ (corrected); 6. Uncle and Aunt had made wills (‘mutual wills’) together years ago, before Aunt died.

Uncle had promised not to change his. The Court may insist that Uncle’s earlier will should be implemented even though it no longer reflects Uncle’s wishes.

If you need to challenge a will or to make an Inheritance Act claim, or if you are concerned that someone may challenge your will, see your solicitor. Do not delay - time limits apply in some cases.

For further advice:

Humphreys & Co. regularly advise about will challenges or Inheritance Act claims. Contact us for free initial discussion - see details below.

WESTPOINT VETS

Maintaining magnesium George Giles looks at how to combat grass staggers

G

rass staggers or hypomagnesemia is seen when cattle have insufficient quantity of magnesium in their blood.

Animals need a constant dietary supply of magnesium in order to maintain blood levels.

The typical dietary requirements of elemental magnesium is 0.35% dry matter for dry cows and 0.28% for lactating cows.

CliniCal signs

George Giles BVM BVS MRCVS graduated from Nottingham Vet School and went into farm practice in Somerset. He is now a member of the Westpoint Farm Vets team based in St Columb, near Wadebridge.

In the early stages cows will become agitated.

Individual cows will show a mild reduction in milk yield which will progress to signs of stiffness and muscle tremors. Untreated progression is rapid and the cow is unable to stand. Ultimately there is fitting, coma and death.

Interestingly in about 80 per cent of hypomagnesemia cases cows also have low levels of blood calcium.

Traditionally, grass staggers occur after spring turn out and during wet weather when dietary intakes of grass drop for short periods as well as in the autumn months with a late rapid growth of grass.

Preventative measures should be taken to manage high risk times or to ensure that cows are receiving adequate magnesium.

Risk factors for development of staggers ® Decreased dry matter intake (often during cold wet weather) ® Cows around calving and early lactation ® High levels of potassium (potash) in grass ® High levels of crude protein in grass ® Ryegrass or young rapidly growing grass lays

TreaTmenT

Treatment of individual animals is by injecting magnesium sulphate (e.g. Magniject No. 9).

Magnesium must not be administered

intravenously as a rapid infusion can cause heart attacks.

Injections must be stress free; putting the cow under more stress can lead to an increased risk of heart failure due to rapid depletion of magnesium by heart muscle. It is also advisable to administer calcium concurrently. Animals are often sedated Treatment is effective in almost all cases if the cow is still standing and in around 80 per cent of cases when the animal is down; rapid intervention is key to success.

Many other animals in the herd may be subclinically affected. We recommend taking blood or urine samples from six animals to check herd levels are like.

PrevenTion

For animals being fed concentrates or cows being buffer fed add calcined magnesite (magnesium oxide) at a rate of 25 to 30g per cow per day. Ensure all animals have access.

Magnesium chloride crystals can be added to water troughs but excessive levels can make the water bitter. This may cause cows to reduce water intake which should be avoided. All available water sources should be treated so is not recommended if there is access to streams.

Cows can be bolused with magnesium bullets to give a slow release of magnesium, though the amount of magnesium released is variable and often multiple boluses need to be given.

Automatic drenching into water systems (such as the use of a dosatron) can be effective though it is expensive set up. n

For more information: More information on Westpoint is available on www.westpointfarmvets.co.uk

Modern Farming ≈ 33

Pic: Flickr/Charles D P Miller

Spotlight on ...

The Cotswolds The Cotswolds is world famous for its honey-coloured houses

 Cotswold Cottages

and quaint villages set in rolling hills of fertile countryside. The whole area is quite simply a photographer’s dream.

34 ≈ Modern Farming

Pic: Flickr/Steve Slater

L

ying in the heart of England, the Cotswolds covers a huge area of nearly 800 square miles and is part of five counties; Gloucestershire, Oxfordshire, Warwickshire, Wiltshire and Worcestershire. With rolling hills and hedge-lined lanes, the Cotswold is the largest of all AONBs in the country. It is bisected by the Fosse Way, one of the most important Roman roads in the UK which ran from Exeter to Lincoln and passes Chedworth Roman Villa which lies to the north of Cirencester.

spotlight on ...

Pic: The Cotswold Sheep Society

The 'Golden Fleece' of the Cotswold sheep brought prosperity to the area

Sheep money The prosperity of the Cotswolds is thanks to the wool industry and is reflected in its name; the word Cotswold is derived from the word ‘Cote’ meaning ‘sheep enclosure’ and ‘wold’ meaning ‘rolling hill’.

It is believed that the Cotswold breed was introduced to the UK by the Romans and their long thick wool was known as the Golden Fleece. This heavy fleece can be up to 20cm long and the fleece itself can weigh up to 3½ stone or 10kg. The breed’s forelock helps to distinguish the breed from other long wool breeds. The Cotswold sheep’s wool is very popular with hand spinners.

The Cotswold is a long, tall sheep with ewes weighing up to 90kg and rams up to 130kg. While the fleece is thick and lustrous, the face and legs are bare and white in colour.

In the 18th and 19th centuries, the Leicester and Lincoln were bred with the Cotswold to add size to the breed which was hugely popular and exported around the world. But, the decline of the wool market affected the Cotswolds as it did with many breeds so that by the middle of the 20th century there was only one large breeding flock left.

The Cotswold breed is very hardy and can survive on hills but does thrive on good pasture. Lambs are large while ewes are excellent mothers and tend to lamb easily.

The lambing percentage can be up to 175 per cent.

the woolSaCk

CotSwold Stone The Cotswolds are full of quintessential English villages and the area is home to more listed buildings than any other region in the country. Picture postcard villages and towns are filled with glorious golden buildings which offer warmth and vibrancy even in the depths of winter.

Burford is often called the Gateway to the Cotswolds while the shops, inns and restaurants of Broadway, Bourton-on-the-Water and Stow-on-the-Wold attract visitors from all around the world.

Houses are built from Oolitic limestone, formed up to 206 million years ago in the Jurassic period and quarried from the limestone ridges which extend across England from Lyme Bay in Dorset up to the North Sea Coast. The colour of the stone actually varies so that houses in the north tend to be more yellow, and those in the south greyer.

Cotswold stone has been used in the construction of famous buildings across the country, from Windsor Castle and Oxford Colleges to the Houses of Parliament.

 Oolitic limestone is quarried locally.

Pic: Flickr/Karen Roe

Pic: Copyright House of Lords /Photography by Roger Harris

The centre of the wool industry was located in Cirencester and the area produced huge volumes of wool. During the reign of Edward III, 30,000 sacks of Cotswold wool was annually granted to the King’s household. And, it was King Edward III who introduced The Woolsack as the seat of the Lord Speaker in the House of Lords. This is a large cushion – stuffed with wool – as a reminder that wool was traditionally England’s source of wealth.

Modern Farming ≈ 35

British Friesian

BRITISH FRIESIANS

The Perfect Outcross without losing Pedigree Status

British Friesians Offer14.3 More Fertility Points and Treble the Lifespan Of Mainstream Black And Whites Whites,,*as well as the Opportunity for Extra Income with Male Calf Value Reliable UK Data just a few clicks away under ‘Animal Data’ on the HUK Website

www.holstein-uk.org

www.britishfriesian.co.uk

*AHDB Dairy (August 2014)

Q. Where can I study a degree that will prepare me for the real world?

A.

Royal Agricultural University

Cirencester

Know how

rau.ac.uk

Degree courses in: Agriculture Environment Food Supply and Management Business and Enterprise Equine Science and Management Real Estate Rural Land Management Cirencester, GL7 6JS 01285 889912 admissions@rau.ac.uk

spotlight on ...

ArBOrETumS The Cotswolds is home to two wonderful arboretums, Westonbirt Arboretum, near Tetbury in Gloucestershire, which was started by Robert Stayner Holford in the 1800s and which covers 600 acres. And, Batsford Arboretum, near Moreton-in-Marsh, Gloucestershire is a 56-acre garden with trees and shrubs from around the world.

Pic: Flickr/Amore Caterina

Pic: Flickr/Chris Dickens

VAlE OF EVEShAm

Evesham goes asparagus mad!

Bollards wear knitted asparagus costumes

The Vale of Evesham, rich in fertile soil, has been renowned for its fruit and vegetables for centuries and has earned the title ‘the fruit basket of England.’

Originally it was the monks who cultivated the land but in the early 1800s the area attracted horticulturalists who grew asparagus, cucumber and onions. The arrival of the railway helped to expand the industry so that the produce was sent across the country.

The Vale is named after the old market town of Evesham which lies on the banks of the River Avon.

In spring, visitors come to see the blossom of the plum and apple orchards while asparagus is celebrated in the annual Asparagus Festival which runs from St George’s Day to Midsummer’s Day.

There are farmers markets in many of the towns and villages across the Cotswolds, Larger towns such as Cirencester and Cheltenham have two markets a month, while smaller towns host one market.

For more information:

Cotswold Sheep Society – www.cotswoldsheepsociety.co.uk The National Association for AONBS – www.landscapesforlife.org.uk Natural England – www.naturalengland.org.uk British Asparagus Festival – www.britishasparagusfestival.org

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Broadway is a typical Cotswold village

Pic: Flickr/ Charles D P Miller

FArmErS mArkETS

Modern Farming ≈ 37

NEWS AND VIEWS

NFU sets out manifesto the nFU has set out five key policy challenges for prospective parliamentary candidates to adopt to Back British Farming ahead of the General Election.

The NFU’s manifesto is focused on five key areas:

Optimistic future for Devon and Cornwall agriculture, says farming banker Promoting British produce to grow the domestic market and increasing the agility and resilience of agriculture will help build a positive future for farmers. This is the message from one of Lloyds Bank Agriculture’s newest appointments in the South West, relationship director Adrian Rundle, who joins the business with 18 years’ banking – and 30 years’ farming – experience under his belt.

Mr Rundle, whose area covers most of Devon and Cornwall, comes from a farming background near Newquay and still actively farms, managing and showing his family’s South Devon cattle and Hampshire Down sheep.

He says that as a bank manager, he believes farming will need to become even more dynamic and agile as markets become increasingly volatile.

“In the next few years it will be very important that banks help their customers improve efficiencies and insulate themselves as much as they can from market pressures. Preparing customers now for the possibility of the next milk price drop or the phasing out of subsidy payments will help the industry move forward.

“We are inevitably going to have to look at new export markets, and farmers who are prepared to be market-led and change to meet new demands will have an advantage – especially if they can capitalise on the branding benefits of produce from Devon and Cornwall.”

For more information Contact Adrian Rundle on Tel 07917 790878 or email adrian.rundle@lloydsbanking.com

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® ® ® ® ®

Making Brexit a success Investing for growth Safeguarding short, fair, and secure supply chains Placing science at the heart of policy making Caring for our countryside and rural communities.

NFU President Meurig Raymond (above) said: “The General Election in June provides an opportunity for the farming sector to impress on candidates of all colours the critical value of British farming to our economy, to our wellbeing and to our environment.

“The success of British farming matters to the British electorate – especially at this time of unprecedented change. Indeed, YouGov polling commissioned by the NFU this year shows that 85 per cent of people think it is important that Britain has a productive and resilient farming industry.

“We can’t ignore that farming is arguably the most vulnerable sector in the Brexit negotiations. But the NFU has its sights fixed on solutions and policies to ensure a productive, profitable and progressive farming sector that puts safe, trusted, affordable and quality food on shoppers’ plates. Over the next parliament, we want to work in partnership with the new Government to achieve this with a predictable and manageable transition process.

“And while Brexit is one of the newer challenges for the sector, we’re still committed to gaining political traction on the issues that existed in the industry before 23rd June 2016, and still exist now.

The nation needs a food and farming industry with a Government strategy, it needs a safe food chain, and it needs a Government which looks after the countryside and rural communities.

“In our manifesto, we are setting out five key policy challenges. The British food and farming sector, working alongside Government, must address these points in the next Parliament.”

POULTRY HEALTH

Cleaning the coop hoW to CLeAN If possible clean the coop on a sunny day with a breeze which will help to dry and air the hen house:

hoW ofteN? How often you clean your chicken house depends on a number of factors such as how many birds you keep, the time of year and how much outside access the birds have. Time of year and the weather can also influence your cleaning routine as it's best to allow the coop to dry thoroughly before rehousing the birds.

In warmer weather, the coop will smell more strongly of ammonia which is produced by stale droppings. It’s advisable to scoop out droppings as often as you can; preferably once a day, but at least twice a week. Remember that the more often you clean, the less time it will take.

equipmeNt ® Thick rubber gloves ® Disinfectant spray ® Shovel, brush and bucket ® Scraper ® Dry disinfectant powder

WeLfAre Dirty coops can have a detrimental effect on your birds including being a welfare issue. Birds will be more prone to infections and infestations from mites which can lead to discomfort, illness or even death n

®

Clear out all the litter; regardless of what you use – whether it’s wood shavings or straw – this needs to be removed. It’s also advisable to empty the nest box to ensure eggs are as clean as possible.

®

If possible, remove any parts of the coop which aren’t fixed in place, such as perches. Scrape off dried droppings.

®

Sweep up and dispose of all old bedding; old bedding can be put on the compost heap.

®

While cleaning, look carefully for signs of red mite.

®

Spray the coop thoroughly with a suitable disinfectant; there are several disinfectants specifically for cleaning hen houses on the market.

®

Make sure you spray under the eaves and roof joints to get any red mites which may be lurking. Leave the disinfectant to soak in and allow the coop to air thoroughly.

®

Replace any parts you have removed (such as perches)

®

Put down fresh bedding and don’t forget to top up the nest boxes.

®

Sprinkle dry poultry disinfectant powder around the coop.

POULTRY HEALTH

Next moNth: Salmonella

Modern Farming ≈ 33 39

Land ManageMent

Poor land management practices, including overgrazing and unsuitable supplementary livestock feeding on vulnerable land can damage the natural habitat and biodiversity of pasture.

P

reventing damage and maintaining good pasture isn’t just important for the environment, it will also improve productivity and increase the profitability of the land.

Impact on pasture Overgrazing is the result of too many animals trying to eat on land which cannot sustain them.

The impact of this is: ® Vegetation growth is restricted ® Quality of vegetation falls ® Reduction in the diversity of vegetation

Pic: RBST

When there is not enough pasture to sustain the number of livestock, supplementary feeding encourages farmers to keep more animals on the land. This can lead to:

Well-managed spring pasture

40 ≈ Modern Farming

® Poaching and damage to the soil ® Damage to vegetation ® Localised enrichment through dunging ® Introduction of competitive species from hay or silage ® Further damage through transportation of extra feed

Pic: Flickr/Peter O'Connor

Protecting pasture

Land management

Farmers who are part of the Basic Payment Scheme (BPS) or other payments such as the Environmental Stewardship scheme, as well as agri-environment schemes in the Rural Development Programme for England, must meet Cross Compliance requirements.

Assessment of grazing and supplementary feeding controls is carried out by Natural England on behalf of the Rural Payments Agency (RPA). In the case of overgrazing, a vegetation survey is carried out and if the land is being overgrazed, a recommendation will be given to limit stock numbers. Regular checks will then be carried out.

If unsuitable supplementary feeding is suspected, Natural England will investigate and if they find supplementary feeding to be unsuitable, will report the case to the RPA.

Pic: RBST

Cross ComPliANCe.

An overgrazed field used for outwintering

GrAZiNG ADViCe PArtNersHiP The Grazing Advice Partnership (GAP) is a partnership of four agencies, Natural England, the National Trust, Defence Estates and the Rare Breeds Survival Trust, which encourages conservation grazing which benefits wildlife, landscape and cultural heritage. Conservation grazing generally involves less intensive land management techniques on areas that are less commercially productive.

As a result the farmer may be requested to: ® Move a feed site ® Change feed types ® Stop feeding on the site Breaches of a management prescription may result in payments being withheld.

Farmers and land managers in agri-environment schemes that impose restrictions on supplementary feeding are required to contact Natural England prior to undertaking any activity that is not part of their agreement. Natural England may, under extreme weather conditions, announce a temporary relaxation of the rules.

Overgrazing and supplementary feeding regulations do not apply to re-seeded or agriculturally improved land.

GAP offers a range of services and information to help farmers make the most of their pasture including: GAP Map Tool The Map Tool shows case studies of grazing schemes around the UK and provides information about grazing and grasslands on a global scale.

Keep horse pasture clear of waste

Horse PAsture mANAGemeNt The management of horse waste is the main element of good horse pasture management. Horse waste Is a potential threat to the environment and should be removed stored and disposed of appropriately.

Horse manure is a controlled waste if discarded and/or mixed with other types of waste and subject to the Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2007. If horse manure is used directly as a fertiliser on your farm or another farm, it is not considered waste and is not subject to the Regulations.

However, the Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (NVZ) Regulations do set out restrictions for manure and slurry used as fertiliser or stored for use as a fertiliser. n

Pic: Flickr/Cheryl Reed

Ready Reckoner The Ready Reckoner is a grazing costing tool that allows graziers and land managers to calculate grazing costs for a wide variety of land management scenarios.

Stock Keep Stock Keep is a practical database that allows users to register the details of their animals or the availability of their land for grazing. The web pages are free and easy to use.

Nibblers Nibblers is GAP’s online discussion forum and provides a means for networking and information sharing on every conceivable grazing topic.

Training GAP also runs a training programme of short practical courses that are accredited by Lantra. The two courses GAP provides are the Livestock Checkers (lookers) course and Conservation Grazing in Practice.

For more information: GAP: www.grazinganimalsproject.org.uk Cross Compliance: www.gov.uk/guidance/environmental-stewardship Defra: www.gov.uk/guidance/grazing-and-pasture-sustainable-managementschemes Nitrate Vulnerable Zones: www.gov.uk/guidance/nutrient-managementnitrate-vulnerable-zones

Modern Farming ≈ 41

NEWS & VIEWS

Surefoot slip resistant slats for hoof care SlatS can aid hoof health by allowing slurry to drop quickly into the tank below, keeping the animal’s feet drier. They also reduce the environment which supports bacteria linked to lameness conditions such as digital dermatitis and slurry heel.

Moore Concrete’s developed their Surefoot™ slip resistant slats to provide 50 per cent more grip, when compared to standard slat surfaces.

Surefoot™ slip resistant slats have been independently trialled by veterinarian Owen Atkinson, the man who heads up the Cheshire-based Dairy Veterinary Consultancy. As well as the results confirming the slats offer a significantly enhanced slip resistant surface for livestock, this research also revealed a five per cent reduction in lameness for cows housed on Surefoot™ slats, with improved foot health leading to better production.

Moore’s Keri McGivern commented; “Surefoot™ slats are proving exceptionally popular with dairy and other livestock farmers. The use of Surefoot™ slats have been shown to lead to a significant reduction in sliprelated injuries, from an average of two per cent per herd to 0.3 per cent per year.

“In addition, the Surefoot™ surface provides cows with more confidence to exhibit their natural behaviours, including stronger mounting activity reducing calving intervals from an average of 410 to 393 days.

“Research has estimated the combined benefits of reduced casualties from slips, reduced lameness, and reduced calving interval shown in cattle using Surefoot™ slats provides an overall economic benefit of £60 per cow annually.”

For more information Contact Moore Concrete on 028 2565 2566 or visit our website www.moore-concrete.com

Keeping feet healthy

L

ameness in cows can be caused by a number of foot and leg conditions such as infection or the environment. It’s important farmers recognise and treat lame cows as lameness can cost time and money in lost productivity, as well as being a serious welfare issue.

Structured SyStem The AHDB Dairy Healthy Feet Programme (DHFP) is a structured system which has been set up to help dairy farmers reduce the number of lame cows on their farms.

The programme helps farmers to diagnose problems, devise an action plan and develop the skills necessary for long-term lameness control. Trained providers facilitate the whole process and act as one-to-one advisers, or 'mobility mentors'.

The approach is based around the 'four success factors' ® Low infection pressure ® Good horn quality and hoof shape ® Low forces on the feet – good cow comfort and cow flow ® Early detection and prompt, effective treatment of lame cows

mentorS The Healthy Feet Programme is a one-to-one service is between the mentor and the producer, whilst resources and information is provided by AHDB Dairy to aid with understanding and actions. Mobility mentors are based throughout the country.

AHDB Dairy are working with vets and foot trimmers to increase the pool of mentors, but if you are unable to find one close to you, please speak to your vet, foot trimmer or local extension officer about how to tackle lameness on the farm.

don't mISS new Zealand’s neil chesterton will be speaking about ‘understanding lameness – causes and prevention’ at a series of GB wide AHDB Dairy events between 21st August and 4th September 2017. Neil is a director and clinician at Energy Vets Taranaki in Inglewood, New Zealand. His passion has been to understand the causes and prevention of lameness in pasture-fed dairy herds.

Neil's work has formed the basis of the DairyNZ Healthy Hoof Programme.

For more information: For more information about the Healthy Feet Programme visit www.dairy.ahdb.org.uk

Modern Farming ≈ 43

All pics RBST unless otherwise stated

agricultural organisations

The Irish Moiled is experiencing a revival

the work of the RBST For over 40 years the Rare Breed Survival Trust has been working to save native breeds of all types of livestock and poultry in the UK. Without their work, many of our oldest and best-loved breeds would have become extinct.

I

n less than 100 years in the UK, a staggering 28 different native breeds of livestock have become extinct, including the Limestone sheep and the Lincolnshire Curly Coat pig, because farmers no longer considered the breeds economically valuable and not worth saving.

Pic: Sarah Mccomb

Looking to the future

There has been renewed interest in the Whiteface Dartmoor

44 ≈ Modern Farming

Thanks to the foresight of a group of people, rare breeds are protected through the work of the Rare Breed Survival Trust (RBST) which was established in 1973 to protect the remaining native breeds. The organisation’s aim is to secure the future of rare and native breeds of farm livestock by monitoring numbers on an annual basis. With the help of breed societies, data is recorded and the number of breeding females estimated so that the RBST Watchlist can be produced.

The RBST also monitors potential threats to livestock breeds and will even purchase stock which is genetically important and put them in approved breeding centres.

As part of the commitment to protecting the future of breeds, the RBST has established a Gene Bank to ensure endangered breeds are saved. Semen and embryos are collected to be used to maintain endangered breeds.

Leicester Longwool sheep

Local groups organise educational events to highlight the work of the RBST

Pic: Valerie Orr

Saving our heritage

agricultural organisations

The updated RBST Watchlist has just been released for 2017 and it shows a mixed picture for the health of native breed populations. While sheep, cattle and goat numbers are stable or increasing, the situation for pigs is described as ‘extremely worrying’.

Out of the 11 native pig breeds, all except the Berkshire, Middle White, Tamworth and Large Black, are showing declining numbers. Sadly, the Gloucestershire Old Spot is showing the most dramatic decline. In 2014, there were 837 sows producing birth-notified litters; by 2016 this had dropped to only 416. This puts the breed in Watchlist Category 4 – At Risk.

RBST CEO Tom Beeston says; “The situation for pigs is extremely worrying. It is not that our native breeds lack their enthusiasts and we must give huge credit to those breeders who devote time, energy and money to ensuring the survival of their favoured breeds.

“However, economic factors have a massive influence and for many people working with pigs, breeding is very challenging at present.”

There has been renewed interest in native sheep breeds with their situation looking more hopeful including increases in the number of Whiteface Dartmoors. Conversely, the picture is more mixed for other breeds. One new breed, the Derbyshire Gritstone, has made its first appearance on the Watchlist, entering in Category 4 – At Risk.

The growing market in grass-fed meat and increased interest in small-scale dairying has led to native cattle enjoying something of a revival with three dual-purpose breeds – Gloucester, Irish Moiled and Shetland showing improved numbers. On the other hand, two breeds, the British White and White Park, are showing a decline.

"Economic factors have a massive influence and for many people working with pigs, breeding is very challenging at present."

Tom Beeston, CEO of RBST

Pic: Valerie Orr

Latest statistics

There have been positive trends for goats such as the Golden Guernsey

White Park cattle numbers are dropping.

Modern Farming ≈ 45

agricultural organisations

"Local groups attend shows around the country, so please stop by and say ‘hello’" locAl grouPs Kim Brook, Secretary of the RBST Devon group explains why local groups are so important.

 The RBST works to highlight declining breeds such as Gloucestershire Old Spot pigs

PlumPing for Pigs With native pig breed numbers falling, the RBST is calling for consumers to be more aware of the meat they eat and is encouraging people to buy pedigree British pork as well as calling for more farmers to invest in rare breeds.

“Because we are concerned to preserve the genetics of pure-bred native livestock, we only take animals with a full traceable pedigree into account in our figures and breeding numbers are falling,” says Tom Beeston.

“There is an urgent need to encourage more producers to take on these breeds to stop the genetic pool shrinking, but breeders must have a market for their produce. That means we need more people to buy native-breed pork and, when they buy, to make sure that they are buying the real thing.”

Chefs and food experts acknowledge that different breeds have different cooking and eating qualities with each breed having its own individual taste and texture.

Tom Beeston; “I have lost count of the times people have told me they have had Gloucestershire Old Spots sausages but there are only 416 registered pedigree breeding females in the whole country. The great problem we must overcome is that many people are probably not eating the real thing.

AnD finAllY The organisation’s work has proved incredibly successful with no native livestock breed becoming extinct in the UK since the RBST was founded over 40 years ago.

But saving our native breeds costs money and the organisation relies on grants and donations to continue its work in protecting the UK’s native breeds. n For more information:

“The RBST local groups is a thriving community of volunteers who are passionate about educating people and preserving our rare breeds from extinction,” she explains.

“Local groups attend shows around the country, so please stop by and say ‘hello’. If you use social media it’s an excellent way to find out about events or where to source your particular rare breed livestock.

“The groups also hold various talks, functions and farm visits for all our members. Most recently the RBST Cornwall group arranged a visit to the Natural Fibre Company in Launceston.

And, the RBST Devon group attended South Devon College to talk about the work of the RBST with students.

“Volunteers have a wealth of knowledge so contact your local secretary who will put you in touch with your local breeder.

“You don’t need to own livestock to join and we are always looking for help with shows or on our committees. Members are aged 18 to 80 and as well as regular meetings, we also organise farm walks, quiz nights and social evenings.

“We try to encourage new breeders and members to help us to innovate others so if you are interested, please contact one of the groups listed below.”

Devon Secretary - Kim Brook Tel: 01566 783232 / 07747 392803 Cornwall Secretary - Angela Kingsnorth Email: p.king.48@btinternet.com Tel: 07811 381046 or 01208 816770 Somerset Chairman - Sula Gibbard Email: pdgibbard@live.co.uk Tel: 07818 431548 Wiltshire Secretary: Norma Staniforth Email: norma@btinternet.com Tel: 01666 825303 Dorset Secretary - Mrs R. Lovegrove Email: henrylovegrove@btinternet.com Tel: 01935 891415 Severn & Wye Pauline Harrison Email: severnandwye@hotmail.com Tel: 01452 616218

Visit www.rbst.org

Modern Farming ≈ 47

Timberlake, Week St Mary, Devon EX22 6XG

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Telephone: 01288 341326 • Mobile: 07966 241949 Fax: 01288 341588 •Web: www.cornishtractors.co.uk

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Modern Farming ≈ 49

environMent

Giant Hogweed is an invasive plant

Taking back the land Pic: Flickr/Andrew

Keeping the land clear of weeds and invasive plants is an essential part of land management so it’s vital to be aware of what to look for

M

ost weeds are a pest which are easily dealt with but others are more serious and present a real risk to the environment. It is vital that invasive plants are identified early, before they have become too established and removal becomes difficult.

Bear in mind that many invasive plants regenerate easily from tiny pieces of root and seeds so it’s important removal is properly carried out.

Pic: Flickr/Tim Green

 Ragwort is highly toxic to livestock

50 ≈ Modern Farming

What is ‘invasive’?

Defra defines invasive species as living organisms that are not native to an ecosystem and which cause harm; this can be to other species, the environment, the economy, or even human health.

According to Defra, landowners have a responsibility to control certain plants including: ® preventing invasive non-native plants on your land from spreading into the wild and causing a nuisance ® preventing harmful weeds on your land from spreading on to a neighbour’s property You could be fined up to £5,000 or be sent to prison for up to two years if you allow contaminated soil or plant material from any waste you transfer to spread into the wild.

You do not have to control weeds growing on your own land but you are responsible for preventing weeds spreading onto agricultural land; in particular grazing land or areas used for forage.

If you don’t control the weeds, and they spread onto a neighbouring property, you will have to follow an enforcement notice. And, if animals are harmed by eating weeds which have spread from your land onto neighbouring land, you are liable to prosecution.

environment Pic: Flickr/Gordon Joly

Harmful weedS Be aware that the weeds listed below can be a danger to animals or impact on agricultural production. ® common ragwort ® spear thistle ® creeping or field thistle ® broad-leaved dock ® curled dock

CommoN rAgWort Common ragwort is dangerous to all livestock both when growing in the field and in fodder. You should be vigilant and guard against ragwort poisoning.

Ragwort can be controlled by spraying with chemicals; digging up plants; continual cutting or burning with a spot burner.

There are strict rules on the disposal of ragwort. It must be contained so seeds aren’t spread. Nor must ragwort be left where it can be eaten by grazing animals. Plants must be placed in a lidded container for rotting down.

If you want to dispose of a large amount this must be done on-site in biomass facility or an incinerator which has a permit issued by the environment agency.

Off-site disposal must be carried out by a registered waste carrier on an appropriate site.

INvaSIve aNd NoN-NatIve plaNtS According to Defra you “must not plant in the wild or cause certain invasive and non-native plants to grow in the wild." This can include moving contaminated soil or plant cuttings.

There are penalties if you fail to comply with the law including being fined or being imprisoned for up to two years.

CommoN INvaSIve, NoN-NatIve plaNtS ® Japanese knotweed ® Giant hogweed ® Himalayan balsam ® Rhododendron ponticum ® New Zealand pigmyweed (this is banned from sale) You don’t have to remove these plants or control them on your land but you could be prosecuted or given a community protection notice for causing a nuisance if you allow Japanese knotweed to grow on another property.

rEmovAl Bear in mind it can take at least ten years to eradicate giant hogweed where it has succeeded in seeding, and three to four years to eradicate Japanese knotweed.

You can get rid of invasive non-native plants by: ® Spray plants with chemicals (bear in mind it takes 15 years for giant hogweed seeds to stop germinating) ® You will need to obtain the appropriate certificates and permissions to use chemical sprays. ® Burn plants ® Bury plants ® Dispose of plants off-site

BurNINg plaNtS Burning non-native, invasive plant waste is a notifiable action if you are a farmer. You must tell.

 Japanese Knotweed

® the Environment Agency (EA) at least a week before AND ® your local Environmental Health officer As a farmer you will need an Environment Permit or a Registered Waste Exemption.

BurNINg plaNtS You must check with the EA a week before burying non-native invasive plant waste on your land. This won’t normally be allowed unless it is a landfill site with a suitable permit.

off-SIte dISpoSal Both plant material and soil can be ecologically damaging and may be classified waste. To dispose of non-native invasive plants off site you must use a registered waste carrier and an authorised landfill site; or a suitable disposal site. Contact your local authority or check the Environment Agency public register.

CompoStINg You cannot compost invasive, non native plants; they can survive the composting process and will then infest any area where the compost is used. In most cases you will need to hire a specialist contractor to remove the plants.

ComplaINtS Contact the landowner or occupier and ask them to prevent the weeds spreading onto your land. If they fail to act, download the Injurious Weeds Complaint Form from Natural England who will respond to your complaint only if weeds are threatening land used for: ® Keeping or grazing horses and other livestock ® Farmland used to produce conserved forage (eg, silage and hay) ® Agriculture For more information: Environment Agency – www.environment-agency.gov.uk Natural England – www.gov.uk/government/organisations/natural-england Weed complaint form – www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/ uploads/attachment_data/file/414575/weed-complaint-form.pdf Non Native Species Secretariat – www.nonnativespecies.org

Modern Farming ≈ 51

Attractive mixed pasture and woodland near the Taw Valley

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StagS Farm agency have just launched an attractive mixed block of pasture land and woodland to the market, positioned above the Taw Valley and totalling 71.83 acres.

A stone entrance lane leads down from the road to a small concrete yard, around which there are some dilapidated farm buildings, mainly of timber frame construction with galvanised iron sheeted elevations.

The pasture land totals about 35.5 acres within four enclosures with a level paddock on the western boundary with a gate onto Horridge Lane, and the remainder sloping down into the valley, part of which is south-facing and suitable for mowing as well as grazing. There are about 7 acres of scrub / gorse which is suitable for grazing, but could be improved back to grass.

The woodland lies in a very pretty sheltered valley with a stream flowing along the eastern boundary and the Hollocombe Brook along most of the southern boundary.

The trees are mostly deciduous and include some mature native oak and beech trees, and there is a track running through the wood allowing good access throughout. There is a predominantly south-east facing aspect and during the spring months there is a carpet of bluebells and primroses.

For more information Andrew Dodds, based in Stags’ South Molton office is handling the sale.

Please call 01769 572263 or email south-molton@stags.co.uk

For your invasive weed control needs Our specialists can offer a complete treatment programme for invasive species including: ■ ■ ■

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Modern Farming ≈ 53

country lady

Healthy hooves Abi Rule puts feet first as the weather hots up

W

e’ve had a lot of dry weather in Cornwall recently and whilst it’s great to see some sun on the horses’ backs, it also brings with it new health concerns. I have two Shetlands and I’m constantly worrying about laminitis as well as other foot problems.

Horses’ feet can be particularly vulnerable at this time of year. Some have naturally very good feet but others are poor; breeding and genetics play a significant part in this, although good management can have a real impact on the feet.

With a change in the weather and pasture it’s important to consider a variety of potential hoof issues ® Laminitis is a real concern at this time of year, but often it’s preventable with good management.

Some horses are more susceptible than others and common risk factors include: obese horses; those with a history of laminitis; unlimited access to spring grass; administering multiple vaccines or heavy duty wormers in one go; a history of metabolic disorders, plus other factors such as stress.

Signs of laminitis include a shortened gait (particularly on hard ground) and a hard ‘cresty’ neck.

There are a variety of preventative measures owners can take such as; using a grazing muzzle; significantly reducing grazing/grazing times and ensuring the horse remains at its optimum weight. ® Dry Hooves and cracking can be an problem as the drier weather arrives. Maintaining moisture content of hooves can be a challenge. Applying a moisture barrier will help to prevent the hoof from rapidly drying out. There are various products on the market for this purpose. ® Bruising - Feet can easily become bruised as the ground dries and hardens so ensure jumping or working on hard ground is kept to a minimum. ® Supplementing the diet may be an option to improve hoof quality. It’s important to speak to your farrier and/or an equine nutritionist first. Supplements such as Farrier’s Formula is a proven product which contains biotin in addition to amino acids, omega fatty acids and vitamins and minerals which are all essential for healthy hooves.

Good footcare, combined with good farriery, will help to prevent many hoof issues, ensuring you have happy (hopefully sound) horses as we move into the summer competition season. n

Abi Rule is an amateur show jumper and the owner of A Country Lady — a blog devoted to those who share a love for horses and equestrian life.

Visit www.acountrylady.co.uk

54 ≈ Modern Farming

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