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Istana Budaya ( Palace of Culture) in Kuala Lumpur 1999 - recent
Istana Budaya | Kuala lumpur 2
Editor’s Note CULTURE. Culture is the arts and other manifestation of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively. Culture is a way of life, also known as inseparable models of science, beliefs and human behavior. Perspectives, attitudes, values, morals, targets and customs shared by society. My desire is to provide you the information regarding istana budaya through culture, architecture and anything relevant, I sincerely trust that you will have much pleasure reading this limited edition magazine as i enjoyed compiling this for my dear readers. Enjoy Reading!
Siti Nurfarahim Editor in Chief
Malaysia National Art Gallery and theatre 3
Acknowledgement We (Siti Nurfarahim, Tan Yan Jie, Syaza Syazana, Ozeer Mohammad and Ananya Jeba Fariha) have taken efforts in this project (precedent study). However, it would not have been possible without the kind support and help of Sir Sharyzee and Madam Siti Hajar. I respect and thank them for giving us an opportunity to do this project (precedent study) and providing us all support and guidance. Last but not least, we would like to express our gratitude to our group member. This assignment cannot be completed without the effort and co-operation from our group member. We are really grateful because we managed to complete this assignment on time.
Siti Nurfarahim
Tan Yan Jie
Syaza Syazana
203022287
191020963
203022284
Ozeer Mohammad
Ananya Jeba Fariha
191920959
193921718
Istana Budaya | Kuala lumpur 4
“Culture is a way of coping with the world by defining it in detail.” by Malcolm Bradbury
Malaysia National Art Gallery and theatre 5
Contents 8
INTRODUCTION
16
HISTORY
19
ELEMENT AROUND SITE
23
INFLUENCES
25 28
ARCHITECTURE STYLE ARCHITECTURE STYLE BUILDING
33
BUILDING LAYOUT &
45
3D MODELS
48
SPATIAL TYPOLOGY
52
SPATIAL EXPERIENCE
56
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
60
BUILDING COMPONENTS
69
BUILDING MATERIALS
79
ISTANA BUDAYA TECHNOLOGY
8
16
19
23
9 25
COMPARISON
ORDERING PRINCIPLES
28
33
Istana Budaya | Kuala lumpur 6
45
48
52
56
69
60
79
Malaysia National Art Gallery and theatre 7
By Wojtek Gurak
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Istana Budaya or also known as Palace
Construction began in 1995 and was
of Cultural, is Malaysia's premier venue
completed four years later, with an area
for all types of theater, including musical
of 21,000 m² Istana Budaya built as part
theater, operetta, classical concerts, and
of a 54,400 m² cultural complex. The
opera
international
resort is set in beautiful gardens with a
shows. It is located in the heart of Kuala
swimming pool, six-hole golf course,
Lumpur, next to the National Art Gallery.
lake, indoor badminton courts and
It was founded in september 1999. It was
tennis courts. For security reasons there
built at cost of RM210 million with the
is a sentry for members of the Royal
aim to raise the standards of performing
Malay
arts, theatre production, also a place of
entrance, and two Buckingham Palace
developing excellence in theatre and
sentries on either side of the arch, with
higher sense of artistic appreciation.
members of the cavalry uniform' gala.
from
local
and
Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur
Regiment
and
the
main
Background
Introduction
The building is design by local architect
There are many notable international
Muhammad Kamar Ya’akub. He graduated
performances that have taken place
from
at Istana Budaya such as The Merry
the
University
of
Newcastle
in
Australia. He apply many Malay Culture in
Widow, Tosca, Carmen, The Merchant
his design, one of it is the Istana Budaya,
of Venice by the Royal Shakespeare. If
the building is shape as Wau Bulan, which
local production, Puteri Gunung
is one of the Malay traditional kite.
Ledang- one of the most successful
This
theatre is the first theatre in Asia that has a
production staged here. The show
sophisticated stage mechanism for theatre
which opened to full house on
performance also it was rated as among
almost all night. National Symphony
top ten most sophisticated theatre in the
Orchestra and The National Theatre
world along with Royal Albert Hall in
Company resides is the residence
London. Istana Budaya is one of the
here in Istana Budaya.
General information
By Wojtek Gurak
Malaysian pride.
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The Phantom of the Opera at Istana Budaya | prestige Hong Kong One of the latest theatre performance being held at the Istana Budaya. This is of the top team that being performing at the prestige stage around the world. With the technology and the functional equipment they could manage to deliver a top performance.
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Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur
Theatre performance of Puteri Gunung Ledang with full audience in Istana Budaya | flickr
Puteri Gunung Ledang The Musical | Malaysia Tourism
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Establishment Establishment Objectives Objectives
The purpose of establishing the Istana Budaya is part of its function as a national
theater
standard.
architect's
goal
to
high-quality
production
The
organize or
great
performance is his main goal. In this regard, the Istana Budaya pursues five objectives
of
the
State
Stage
in
carrying out its activities, namely;
Picture by everaoh
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Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur
a) Improving the aesthetic achievement of Malaysian performing arts. it aims to develop the performing arts to a more
brilliant
level.
so
that
outsiders
recognize the cultural palace as one of the same level centers with theaters abroad. b) Creating a professional Theater. develop professional
Theater
activists
in
Theater
through training. became one of the arts centers for art activists. c)
Creating
high
quality
Theater.
By
marketing its products intensively through a specific
selection
before
a
staging
is
performed at the Palace of Culture. d) to appreciate art. increase the audience and
spectators
of
performing
arts
in
appreciating quality Theater that cultivates noble values. In order to maintain the planning objectives of the Cultural Palace to be stable and relevant, this makes not all art activists have the opportunity to staging their Theater otherwise
their
application
to
stage
a
performance will be considered for a long time before the application is approved as lstana Budaya has its own guidelines.
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14
Aerial view of the Istana Budaya
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Picture by tourmap
Site study
Building History The history of Istana Budaya started in 1964 when a proposal to form the National
Culture
submitted
by
then
Center
was
Ministry
of
Information and Broadcasting and Ministry
of
Cultural
and
Social
Welfare. Istana Budaya was mooted during National Cultural Congress in 1971 as a Malaysisn art discourse. Its establishment was advanced by the
establishment
of
National
Cultural Group (KNB) in 1972 under jurisdiction of Ministry of Cultural, Youth and Sport. in 1973, KNB moved
from
Jalan
Ampang
to
National Culture Complex at Jalan Tun Ismail that focuses its activities professionally in traditional dance and music.
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Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur
Google.maps
Site background Istana budaya is situated along Jalan Tun Razak which is one of the main road that makes up, as well as running through Titiwangsa. Due to the structure being situated at the central business district of Kuala Lumpur, it is highly accessible to the public making it popular to tourists and culture enthusiasts. Site Context Diagram | stacyangie.com
Getting there is an easy task walkways are laid out with tactile paving making up 65% of
the
exterior
sidewalks
leading to the theater along with buildings around it. Google.maps Walkway with tactile paving
There is an overhead bridge a few meters away from the theater that aids in the flow for those wanting to cross the road safely to either side.
Google.maps Overhead bridge
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BUILDING ACCESSIBILITY
Buses are a convenient way to travel to and from Istana Budaya.
Google.maps Hop On/Off Bus
A designated taxi stand.
Google.maps Taxi stand
The building is affected by high noise pollution as it is opposite a major road that occasionally
becomes
congested. However, the noise seems to be totally cut off once behind doors of the structure.
Google.maps Jalan Tun Razak
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Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur
SITE CONTEXT ANALYSIS Istana budaya is a distinct for that sort of stands out from the rest of the structures running along Jalan Tun Razak.
The structure seems to offer a more
relaxed
“turquoise”
ambience compared to the rest of the buildings around it.
mapsoftheworld.com IB stands outs from other structures.
The building portrays a sense of openness as the structure seems to be unison with the
Unison with the surroundings gettyimages.com
To
enhance
surrounding context.
the
relaxed
experience, lush greenery local to
malaysian
paints
the
ground around the culture Google.maps
center.
Greeneries around the culture center
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The view of the entrance at night with colourful lighting
Kuala Lumpur - Palace of Culture - Istana Budaya | Flickr
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Architectural style Design Concept The unique design of this cultural center, Istana Budaya, is based on certain aspects of Malaysian culture. With the concept of traditional meets modern, and the spirit on bringing the building to become culture landmark of malay race. Seen from
Picture of the building from the top | Wikiarquitectura
above, the intricate shape of the cut and the placement of the traditional moon kite set, "Wau Bulan Kelantan", the traditional kite, region of Kelantan, but also reminiscent of re-cut. Malaysian architect, Muhammad Kamar Ya’akub also enhance the concept by developing malay tradition. In the main building, for example, the building from is an arrangement of traditional hand carved betel tree
leaves
"sirih
junjung"
used
in
Malaysian
weddings and welcome ceremonies as an opening word and ceremony to strengthen the relationship
Rumah Melayu Melaka | Wikipedia
between visitors and the receptionist, in line with the function of the building that always welcomes visitors with a variety of superior art performances. This is applied to the building roof and also the main logo design of Istana Budaya. According to the architect each part of the building is design base on the malay culture aspect, this means that the building pursue the traits of rumah melayu or known as Malay Traditional house, such as the spaces arrangement and the grand staircase ‘tangga melaka’ is inspired by the Melaka kampung house. Sirih Junjung Malay wedding traditional gifts | pengantinbaru.com
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Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur
Influences Malaysian architecture especially vernacular architecture
includes
many
styles
from
different groups and cultures, such as: Muslim,
Chinese,
Malaysian,
Indian
and
European colonial past. Different Malaysian architecture across Malaysia, the north seems to have an influence on Thai households, while those of those. The South is influenced by Indonesia (especially Java). Wood is one of the most common and important
materials
in
the
history
of
Malaysian architecture. From village houses to palaces, the use of wood is very important. Besides wood, also Malaysian architecture combines bamboo and leaves. Istana
budaya
is
a
malaysian
cultural
building. That's not only serve as a place for art performance , cultural centre exhibition but even the building apply the Malay culture
aspect.
From
the
stairs
til
the
decoration of the building for example the ornaments is influences from the Malay vernacular architecture, with a bit of spice made the building modern in a modern developing country. Istana Budaya is a good example of architecture that meets the standard of one of the unique building that brings Moon kite structure at the front of Istana Budaya
up
the
cultural
of
malaysian
community.
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Architectural style Analysis on the influences
The building plan based
Moon kites | cikimm.com
Wau Bulan / Moon Kite is a traditional kite. The shape of the kite create two space which became the base of the building and create a interlocking space pattern.
Section cut of the building to show the part that applying the Malay culture aspect which is the betel leaves hand carved arrangement.
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Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur
Royal boxes istana budaya | Nexuslad
Malay house jendela | Impiana
Large and spacious and the Royal boxes mirrors the windows or known as “Jendela” of Malay village houses. This is one of the influences Malay vernacular architecture that being apply in Istana Budaya.
A multi-tier floral arrangement of “Sirih” betel leaves symbolic piece for Malay weddings,
festivities
and
welcoming
ceremonies is used at the roof of the theatre. Betel leaves hand carved arrangement | Impiana
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The staircase leading to the grand
entrance
of
Istana
Budaya. The staircase resembles the staircase of a traditional Malay House, Melaka traditional house staircase, the staircase expand on the front part brings the sense of welcoming to the building
while
building look grand.
ISTANA
Grand staircase in front of the entrance | commons.wikimedia.org
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The auditorium is made to resemble Royal palace hall in history.
Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur
Balairong seri Istana Negara | Istock
made
the
ISTANA BUDAYA
Morten village house sample | Libur
The layout of the building is influenced by the general layout of the typical Malay village house (Rumah Kampung).
The floor plan of Istana Budaya
A . Serambi is the lobby and foyer B . Rumah Ibu is the auditorium C . The rumah dapur is stage and rehearsal hall
The auditorium | pgl
B U D A YA
KUALA LUMPUR
Malay village house | jepengelv.blogspot
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By holidaygogogo.com
Architecture style
Building Comparison
By dkfindout.com
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Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur
Sydney Opera House was chosen to compare its architectural styles and the concept of the Malaysian National Theater. This is because both buildings are icons respective countries. In addition, the two buildings were built on a large scale and had similar functions is a place that many people gather and enjoy. But
Betel leaves hand carved arrangement
the design concepts of the two buildings are difference. Concept that being used to design the Istana budaya is traditional blends with modern, with the main idea is applying the malay culture elements exterior and interior. As mention, the wau bulan or moon kites, which is the Malay culture traditional kites, is
Moon kite
being used to as the base plan of the building.
The final form of the building
While
the
betel
leaves
hand
carved
arrangement which known as sirih junjung, being used as part of the buildings roof idea. Peeled orange
Overall Istana Budaya is a Malay cultural architectural
style.
Sydney
Opera
house
concept is
address the effectiveness of the
building’s
function
as
a
contemporary
performing arts centre. The base idea of the building is actually came from a peeled orange Cut peeled orange in different size
that is cut into different size and shapes and organize it with different hierarchy. Overall the building is actually a modern architectural building which totally different style than the Istana Budaya
Both of the building is built
based on different design concepts and styles The final form of the building
and comes from a variety of backgrounds.
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Istana Budaya glowing at night with KLCC tower behind it. 30
Kuala Lumpur - Palace of Culture - Istana Budaya Reflection on water | Flickr
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Spaces Relationship Spaces A fusion of various aspects of Malay culture has inspired the Istana Budaya's distinctive architectural style. The building layout of Istana Budaya follows a typical Malay house pattern, divided into three major sections: - The Lobby and foyer as ‘Serambi’ or veranda area. This space consists of a smaller area of the whole building, The lobby has a lower floor level than rumah ibu. It is connected to 2 halls namely, the stall and the great circle.
Serambi- Lobby and foyer area | nexusled
- The Auditorium as ‘Rumah Ibu’. This is the core space of the building, it consists of the largest area. - The Main Stage as ‘Rumah Dapur’ or kitchen area. It is situated in the back of the building. This part consists of the stage and the rehearsal area.
Hierarchy in sections
Lobby area ‘Serambi’
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Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur
Rumah Ibu- Auditorium space | stateautomation
Auditorium ‘Rumah ibu’
Rumah Dapur- Stage area | tourmap
Back stage ‘Rumah dapur’
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Zoning
The density of people flow in Istana Budaya varies at different part of the building. a) The lobby is the only public space which is open to all the visitors
and
has
the
highest
flow
of
people.
b) The auditorium is a private area that is closed to visitors during the day, but when there is a performance, it is opened to the public. As a result, the movement of people is different. c) Finally, the stage and rehearsal hall have the least amount of people flow. This area can only be used by those who are authorized.
a
b Visitors Circulation (public)
c
Public zone
Audience And Guest Circulation (semi private)
Semi- private zone Private zone Hierarchy of zoning of Istana Budaya, (Public to Private) Staff and Performer Circulation (private )
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Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur
Ordering Principle Symmetry
Symmetry and balance from the top view | tourmab
On the vertical axis, this building creates a symmetry
and
balance.
The
idea
of
symmetry is evident when the matching parts are evenly spaced on either side of a central axis, creating visual balance. The top view of the building is inspired from ‘Wau Bulan’ / Moon Kite,
a traditional
malay kite. The shape of the kite create
Plan of Istana Budaya
two space which formed an interlocking space pattern.
Wau Bulan | bkites.wordpress
HIerarchy
(public
to
private) The lobby is a public place that is accessible to all guests. The auditorium is a semi-private area that is offered for events. The stage and rehearsal hall is a private place that is only accessible to those who have been given the authority. The flow of hierarchy can be clearly noticed from the sectional drawing. It has followed the zoning of the Malay traditional layout.
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HIerarchy (VOLUME) Even though the form, floor planning and the
noticeable than other subtle spaces. Having
design are symmetrically balance, there are
the smallest volume between the three
few spaces that stands out more than other.
sections, the front section has the total floor
These
section
area is _______ that consist of the lobbies,
(Serambi), main section (rumah ibu) and back
gallery and ticket box. Next, having ______
section (rumah dapur). The reason why these
floor area that covers the rehearsal studios
spaces are more noticeable is because of the
and changing rooms, located in the back
space function and the activity movements
section. The main section where the main
intended there. In the section, shows that
auditorium located, has the biggest volume
there are three space that have more volume
of 21 000 m2 area.
spaces
are
called
front
with higher floor levels especially making it more
Hierarchy in sections
FRONT
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Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur
From the volume in space dimensions, we
600 - 650 staffs including the rehearsal
are able to calculate a suitable number of
studios and changing rooms. The main
capacity in the area. The lobbies in the front
section where ‘Panggung Seri’ Auditorium
section could accommodate 100 - 150
located could accommodate around 1500
people at a time which are suitable as a
people at a time. However, there are only
small event area and a waiting area before
1431 total seating that consist of 623 stalls,
entering the auditorium. While the back
292 upper circle seats, 312 grand circle
section, the area could hold the capacity of
seats,124 orchestra pit, 16 gold sits and 46 VIP seats.
MAIN SECTION BACK SECTION
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Gable Roof | tourmab
Elevation of gable roof
Repetition Sirih junjung | shutterstock
The roof of the structure is shaped like a ‘sirih junjung.' It is a multi-tiered flower arrangement system with Betel nut leaf. The betel leaf is used as a symbolic piece. The roof of Istana Budaya is a copy of a gable roof that was built using the ‘folding' method. Repetition of triangles have been used in the roof. Also, a traditional Malay house consists of three-tiered roofing system, which have been incorporated in this design.
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Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur
Pattern & form At first glance, Istana Budaya definitely full of cultural ambiance associates with the Malay cultures including the traditional Malay house (Rumah Kampung). The modern yet local design created from the floor plan, that have a wau bulan for the main motifs that progressed into combination of few shapes. These shape patterns suggest an interlocking relationship of spaces in the building that results in overlapping and emergence of pattern into a shared space. Istana Budaya has an almost symmetrical or balance form in both left and right sides which visually carries an equal volumes in the design. Since Istana Budaya was built to stands out, the
symmetrical
balance
form
allows
attraction in all area equally. A vertical axis cut through the centre from the top tier green roof stacks to the ground act as a central point to balanced out the rigid and structures form
PATTERN INTERLOCKING OF SPACE
of the building.
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VERTICAL AXIS
THE FORM SYMMETRICALLY BALANCE
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Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur
“As
an architect you design for the present, with an awareness of the past, for a future which is essentially unknown.”
By Norman Foster 41
Aerial view | Tourmap
The Building Layout 42
Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur
Ground floor plan
First floor plan
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Section cut A
Section cut B
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Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur
ISTANA BUDAYA 3d model of Istana Budaya by Tinkerzone 45
Picture by tourmap
46
Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur
Culture is the widening of the mind and of the spirit.
By Jawaharlal Nehru
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PUBLIC
ENTRANCE (FOYER)
AUDITORIUM ENTRANCE (FOYER)
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Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur
BACK SECTION
SEMI-PRIVATE
PRIVATE
AUDITORIUM
BACK STAGE
Spatial Typology
Linear typology
A linear organization consists essentially of a
The spaces are directly related to one another and
series of spaces. Because of their characteristic
linked through a linear space.
length, linear organizations express a direction
from
and signify movement, extension, and growth.
distinction between public and private space. The
The Istana Budaya is the best example that
spaces are linked and transformed from public
illustrates that the linear circulation.
(Entrance/foyer) to semi-public (Auditorium) and
the
above
diagram,
As can be seen
there
is
a
clear
to private space (Back stage).
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50
Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur FRONT SECTION
AUDIENCE CIRCULATION
STAFF CIRCULATION
VISITORS &
MAIN SECTION
Circulation & Movement BACK SECTION
There are few circulation pattern can be determined in the floor planning of Istana Budaya. The basic circulation consist of the horizontal and vertical movement through space that facilitate the flow from entrance to the respective spaces. Going deeper, the circulation in Istana Budaya are divided into three movement which are from the visitors, audience and the staffs. Firstly, the visitors are only allowed to visits the front section of the building that consist of lobby, galleries and exterior part. Secondly, the audience that paying for the fees are allowed to enter the main section of the building which are the Panggung Sari
Auditorium
and
Lambang
Sari
Auditorium. Thirdly, the staffs mostly allowed to move freely in the building including the back section that consist of costume galley, changing
rooms,
practice
hall,
artis
lounges, meeting rooms, offices, the back entrance and more.
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Spatial Experience By Uwe Aranas
SE1 SE2
By Anita&Sheerin
The large entrance with wide Melaka style staircase felt welcoming.
SE3 SE4
Entrance
Main Lobby
SE1 Inviting & Pleasing SE2
Spacious & Cozy
SE5
By wikiarquitectura
The grid organization that consist of three dimensional parallel lines also results in linear movement
in the spatial experience. The
movement started from the entrance into the main space (auditorium). Each space gives different feels and experience to the visitors.
By wikiarquitectura
The high ceiling and glass walls from top to lower floor made the space felt spacious.
52
Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur
By portalistanabudaya
The excitement when stepping the grand staircase along with subtle lighting and classy decoration.
By portalistanabudaya
Beyond entering, visitors felt mesmerize with the classy yet local decoration in the large beautiful auditorium.
Main Stairway
SE3
Appealing & Exiting
Hallway
SE4
Auditorium
Enclosed & nervous
SE5
Mesmerize
END
By stateautomation
By Zia Tripadvisor
By NasusLED
The enclosed hallway before
There are also private sitting decorated with malay
entering the auditorium
ornaments on top floors to view the stage.
decorated with local motifs on the floor & wall.
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The lighting inside the auditorium of Istana Budaya during Merdeka Award, was mesmerizing, the warm light shing fill the auditorium made it look grand and glamorous.
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Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur
Picture by Kuala Lumpur
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Istana Budaya drone view | TOURMAB
Building Construction The Istana Budaya is a all type purpose theater, it
provides a total control on two of the main climate
could held an opera performance, a musical or
factors which is sun and rain. Just like a roof of a
band
vernacular Malay house. The roof is steep and have
performance,
concerts
and
any
dancing other
performance,
quality
musical
performance. It’s construction work began in
wide overhangs for shading against direct solar radiation and control glare from the open sky.
1995 and completed in 1998 which takes 3 years time. This building built with having a theater
The Architect chose to use RC columns and beams
floor area with 21,000 m² as a part of cultural
as the grid system due to the strength and
complex which have 54,400 m² at a cost of 210
versatility of reinforced concrete. The grid system
million malaysian ringgit.
allows to reflect spacing characteristics spacing of the building and can also be used to define the
Istana Budaya’s roof is a gable styled-roof with a
foundation footings and the column grid of the
repetition of gable roof constructed by using
building.
"folding" method. The design and the roof of the Istana Budaya is climate responsive towards Malaysia’s tropical climate as it
56
Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur
Building Component (structural) The architectural design of the rooftops as well as the doors is based on the traditional Malay floral motifs like betel leaves and the flying moon kite.
ISTANA BUDAYA ROOF FORM
Image shows the use of Malay flower motifs on the interior ceiling
By tourmap
By sivakumar
The intricate and special design of Istana Budaya is based on many Malay cultural aspects. The complex shapes derived from cuts
and
placement
of
a
traditional kite moon flight “gigantic piece of origami”.
By Wojtek Gurak By Wojtek Gurak
57
The roof makes the building become one of the
more
striking
structure
in
Kuala
Lumpur’s due to the unique turquoise tiled roof and rises the majestically above the treetops be it from any direction. The design and the roof of the Istana Budaya is climate
responsive
towards
Malaysia’s
tropical climate as it provides a total control on two of the main climate factors which is sun and rain. Just like a roof of a vernacular Malay house, the pitched roof, is steep and
By devianart
have wide overhangs for shading against direct solar radiation and control glare from
ISTANA BUDAYA ROOF STRUCTURE
the open sky.
By dribbble
Having
a
pitched
roof
also
means
the
internal
accommodation of the building will not suffer from the extremes of temperature that tend to afflict rooms under flat roofs as it will be more efficiently insulated.In case of an extension, pitched roof allow the building to blend in more effectively into the rest of the property while retaining a sense of individuality and character. Aside from being a decorative element, the steep roof of Istana Budaya is efficient rainwater evacuation and also By dribbble
58
Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur
provides protection against the driving downpour.
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Concrete base floor is layered with
varies
in
design
and
material, each suitable for the space function.
By stateautomation
ISTANA BUDAYA FLOOR
By eyeinthesky blog
ISTANA BUDAYA
By portalistanabudaya
By portalistanabudaya
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ISTANA BUDAYA column
By eyeinthesky blog
By eyeinthesky blog By Zia Tripadvisor
The column is an upright pillar, supporting the structure of the building. In Istana Budaya, majority of the columns are in cylindrical shape.
is part of the building that
form a fundamental part that By eyeinthesky blog
defines an area providing security, shelter, interior rooms separation, soundproofing, sometimes
decoration
for
fire
and
safety.
Different type of wall and with different finishing is used for different purposes.
By eyeinthesky blog
60
Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur
ISTANA BUDAYA wall
Wall
ISTANA BUDAYA ceiling By NexusLED
Ceiling is the overhead surfaces which are often used to hide floor and roof construction. Beneath the roof, ceiling is designed as betel leaves pattern, which is an iconic of the building. The ceiling board in Panggung Sari is a type of ceiling which is excellent in absorbing By NexusLED
vibration.
connecting from one floor to another floor. Straight stairs are found in Istana Budaya. The staircases resemble the staircase of a traditional Malay House, which expand on the front part, achieving the look
ISTANA BUDAYA STAIRCASE
The staircase is a medium By NexusLED
of a grand entrance. By howtravel.com
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Coconut trees around Istana Budaya | James Williams 2010
Shading Components It is obvious how the structure provides great shelter away from the intense sunlight due to the general layout of the large roofs and wide overhangs above. Coconut tree and plantation are planted surround the building and are used to shade the pedestrian walkways. Furthermore, the vegetation around the structure enhance the cooling effects.
62
Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur
Responses towards climate Sunlight
Serambi is the smallest space among the three spaces in the traditional Malay House. It is located in front of entrance of the house to have more natural
lighting.
Daylight
comes from the tempered glass wall and brightens up the lobby (Serambi) as to create
a
welcoming
ambience
to
the
visitors.
While the auditorium (Rumah Ibu) and the rehearsal hall (Rumah
Dapur)
does
not
really need natural light as it used artificial lighting. Aside from that, the building is orientated
in
southwest
northeast
format,
indirectly
minimises
which the
exposed area to direct solar radiation during the day.
Natural air blew in from the openings of the building. However, auditorium and rehearsal
ventilation
stage is not naturally ventilated.
63
By TripAdvisor
By NexusLED
By Ong Jia Hui
By NexusLED
Motif of Bunga Cempaka is found at the ceiling.
The balcony surfaces display traditional vernacular motifs in reflection
of
Malay
local
culture, thus setting the mood and identity of Istana Budaya.
64
Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur
Ornamentation
Sulur Bayung is placed at the edge of the roof.
By NexusLED
By TripAdvisor
Sculpted reliefs on the wall at the entrance.
65
The motifs decorated on the audience seating and the carpet on the hallway floor are taken from the leaves pattern and flow of the Local Banyan Tree (Pokok Beringin).
By portalistanabudaya
By portalistanabudaya
Wood carvings on the entrance door was made in ‘tebuk tembus’ style where the
wood
are
perforated in both sides light
showing
a
translucent
visual on the door By AzlyZakry
66
Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur
By wikiarquitectura
frames.
Istana Budaya drone view | NexusLED
Selection of Exterior Materials
67
Large tempered glass | WikiArquitectura
ISTANA BUDAYA
GLASS WALL Tempered glass wall which is transparent created an open and positive environment to welcome the visitors. Large tempered glass
TILED ROOF
made the building stands out as the building Blue tiled roof with natural thermal
built in the era of modernism and makes the
mass insulation properties is shaped
space stylish and elegant while allowing
into sharp edges extending outwards
maximum light penetration.
and
arranged
in
repetition
and
hierarchy manner.
CONCRETE WALL & COLUMNS
PLYWOOD CEILING
The most common yet vital building material
68
Beneath the roof ceiling is designed as betel leaves pattern, made by white painted plywood with the support of concrete structure. This application leaves users a great first impression of the strong iconic roof pattern.
in our daily life-concrete is also used in Istana Budaya. Painted in white and grey, numerous similar
short
columns
in
the
exterior facade represent malay traditional house design. It is obvious that Istana Budaya blends
both
traditional
architectural design.
Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur
arranged
and
modern
Pebble wash is used in the
flooring
and
staircases of the exterior Istana
Budaya
because of its durability and
wonderful
color.
Some are arranged into floral and geometrical pattern to improve the aesthetics of the floor
PEBBLE-WASH FLOORING
of
finishing.
High-quality
tropical
wood with hand-carved flowers
and
leave
designs have been used for doors.
WOOD DOOR
Pebble wash staircase and flooring | World Map
Tropical wood with hand-carved motif | Smarttravelapp.com
69
Selection of Interior Materials
TIMBER PANEL The
wall
surfaces
and
balconies
in
Panggung Sari are made of timber panels of "merbau" wood. The wall reflects many traditional
elements
of
the
culture
of
Malaysia. The wood carvings enhance the visual beauty while displaying traditional vernacular motifs in reflection of Malay local culture.
Its
royal
boxes
open
up
like
traditional Malay-style windows. Balcony protrusions on the wall | WikiArquitectura
CARPET FLOORING The flooring of Panggung Sari is made
up
of
woollen
carpet
consisting of 80% wool, 20% nylon. The carpet plays a vital role in absorbing sound, preventing echo. Woollen carpet in green | WikiArquitectura
70
Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur
Istana
Budaya.
For
example,
the
and
floors
staircase in the Lobby are covered with marble tiles
MARBLE TILES
Marble tiles can be found in
Langkawi.
Woollen carpet in green | WikiArquitectura
ISTANA BUDAYA FIBERGLASS REINFORCED GYPSUM
Panggung Sari uses fiberglass reinforced
gypsum(FRG)
ceiling board with a thickness range of 38mm to 50mm. Regular gypsum board will be too thin for most purposes in concert hall acoustics. FRG has the ability to dampen sound transmission by using the inner polymer layer as a kind of shock absorber that slows vibrations.
Woollen carpet in green | WikiArquitectura
71
Building Safety & Services UNIFORM BUILDING BY LAW
FL
WR
Direct Distance Risers (UBBL 230, 231) All parts of floor within 45m from a landing valve Route Distance Fire Lifts (UBBL 197A) Not more than 61m travel distance from furthermost point. Fire Fighting Shafts (MS1183 21.2.3) With Fire Lift, no more than 61m from fire mains outlet measured on route in laying a hose AND Without Fire Lift, no more than 45m from fire mains outlet measured on route in laying a hose
72
Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur
Riser All parts of the floor within 45m from a landing valve
Fire fighting access lobby Level distance from futhermost point does not exceed 45m
SEWERAGE LINE SYSTEM
The drainage channel in the Istana Budaya opens from a channel through the lowered ceiling and under the lowered floor and through the walls to the desired space and surface. The exhaust pipe comes from the toilet and opens to the suspended ceiling and under the board. The Istana Budaya includes an underground sewer pipeline network, a pumping station, a waste treatment plant and a sludge processing plant. This helps transport trash or rubbish from the house.
73
Electrical wiring from duct passes through suspended
There are service duct running vertically through
ceiling and underneath suspended flooring and through
the floor on the north and south side corridors.
the wall to the designed space or area. Istana Budaya
These service
have it own power control room next to the building.
electrical wiring to the rest of the floors and building.
All
electrical
connections
originate
from
Along
ducts are used to carry the
with
the
ducts
there
are
the
distribution boards at each level as well. There
Transformer room at ground level on the east end of
special Electrical ducts near the stage area as
the building. There is a separate access to the room
well as the
from the outside. The transformers provide the power
access to electrical connections.
Main
stage area will need easy
to the building.
ELECTRICAL LINE SYSTEM 74
Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur
74
HVAC SYSTEM By studying the floor planning, it is determine that Istana Budaya have two HVAC system placed which are Smoke Ventilation system and Air-conditioning system. The smoke ventilation system is located at the top level in the fly tower of the building. A few numbers of smoke vent doors were installed on the edge of roof line to allow smoke escapes the enclosed space when fire breaks out.
The air conditioning system in Istana Budaya has two separated duct system of Air Handling Units (AHU). The first AHU located in the east side of building basement. While the second AHU located on the west side of the building at 14 meter level. The Vertical AC ducts connected to each AHU throughout the length of the building. The ducts were installed in different places in the building that allow cool air flow into the spaces.
75
Istana Budaya Technology AUDITORIUM The shape of the auditorium room or known more as Panggung sari is design as a fan shape. The width to narrow
arrangement
or
seating
create an intimate space between audience and the performer. In addition, it also helps with sound reflection,
as
well
helps
the
performer to hear each other better and promote projection towards the audience.
Room shape 130
degree
optimum
maxim
acoustical
angle and
for
visual
condition bring s the audience closer to the performer. The fan shape auditorium does help a lot for a music performance which ensuring the visual and acoustical quality.
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Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur
Picture by tourmap
The circular concentric scheme of projecting stage of the Panggung seri, is designed to increase the efficiency of the visual and acoustic. Its movable offered to accommodate different
types
different
seating
of
occasion.
levels
helps
The to
achieve desire acoustic quality.
Seating arrangement
77
Istana Budaya Technology SOUNDPROOFING
Furniture
The chairs in Panggung Sari consists of 1421 seats which is made up of premier high density plywood with painted surface on the backrest and seat. While the cushion is made up of polyurethane high flexibility foam. This polyurethane foam used for the seats
exhibits
absorption, capacity
excellent
high
and
shock
dynamic
excellent
load
vibration
dampening. Picture by lisze
The flooring of Panggung Sari is made
up
of
woollen
Flooring
carpet
consisting of 80% wool, 20% nylon. The carpet plays a vital role such that sound reflected from ceilings and walls are absorbed, preventing any echo. While the stage is made up of detachable
wood.
Due
to
its
hardness and strength, it is able to reflect
and
channel
sounds
in
various directions, thus amplifying performance sounds. Picture by lisze
78
Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur
CEILING
The ceiling, which is approximately 18 metres from the ground is adjustable and is made up of fiberglass reinforced gypsum (FRG) ceiling board with a thickness range of 38mm to 50mm. The thickness of the gypsum board keeps it stiff and prevent vibrations, as well as low frequencies absorptions. FRG has the ability to dampen sound transmission by using the inner polymer layer as a kind of shock absorber that slows board vibrations and dissipates the sound energy into thermal energy.
Picture by lisze
Picture by lisze
Picture by lisze
wall
The design of the VIP boxes are of curved edges which acts as a surface to diffuse or disperse sound in all direction uniformly.
Besides, the wooden wall panels are made up
Diffusion is very effective for high to medium
of "merbau wood". Also, it was specially made
frequencies, as the vibration strength is less
acoustic panels which helps absorb and reflect
than that of a low frequency sound, and
sound using high density fiberglass infill which
therefore easier to disperse. As a result, this is a
has high sound absorption coefficient.
great way to reduce echoes.
79
The Istana Budaya formal logo also designed
Istana Budaya Logo Design
using
the
Sirih
own
meaning
The
where
most
of
these
compositions are used at weddings as a symbol of the opening ceremony to strengthen the relationship between visitors and receptionists. symbolic of the composition in line with the function of the Istana Budaya which always welcomes visitors to the cultural palace and is with
performances.
Istana Budaya | Kuala Lumpur
composition.
composition of the Sirih Junjung alone has its
presented
80
Junjung
a
variety
of
superior
art
“In pure architecture the smallest detail should have a meaning or serve a purpose.”
By Augustus W. N. Pugin 81
“The object of art is not to reproduce reality, but to create a reality of the same intensity.” — Alberto Giacometti
82
Picture of the auditorium by tourmap
83
Conclusion Istana Budaya is a national theatre which located at northeast of Malaysia. It was built in the year of 1995 and completed in September 1997. In terms of form and shape, the distinctive architectural style of Istana Budaya is inspired by a fusion of diverse aspects of Malay culture. Furthermore, it is a remarkable postmodern landmark that represents a fusion of vernacular revivalism
and
modernist
expressionism
architecture styles. It has adopted traditional Malay vernacular architecture, which symbolises our national identity, yet has been modernised and
progressed
to
become
a
good
postmodernist building in the architecture scene. Aside from that, the use of industrial materials such as glass is also one of the characteristic of being a building modernism. Istana Budaya has raised the standards of performing
arts
in
Malaysia.
It
not
only
developed artistic excellence in theatre for our country
but
it
state-of-the-art, productions. developing
high
This a
has results
supreme
also
popularise
quality in sense
theatre
our of
country artistic
appreciation. Istana Budaya provides a home for Malaysia's performers to shine such as the National Symphony Orchestra and choir.
84
Istana Budaya | Kuala lumpur
Photo by Wojtek Gurak
85
Reference ●
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Event
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Studio IIb Precedent studies on Malaysia National Art Gallery & Theatre Architectural studies IUKL June 2021
Picture by Wojtek Gurak
