IHRDC Releases Report On The Islamic Republic

Page 1

I H R DC Releases Report On The Islamic Republic's Executions Of Ku rds I n 1979 September 29, 2011 NEWHAVEN, CONNECTICUT– The Iran Human Rights Documentation Center today released a report documenting the Islamic Republic’s executions of Iranian Kurds in August and September 1979. The report, Haunted Memories: The Islamic Republic’s Execution of Kurds in 1979, may be found herehttp://www.iranhrdc.org/english/publications/reports/3508-hauntedmemories-the-islamic-republics-executions-of-kurds-in-1979.html. The Persian version will be available next month. Iranian Kurds, like many ethnic minority groups, supported the 1979 revolution, and sought some form of autonomy in the nascent Islamic Republic. However, in August 1979, only six months after his return to Iran, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini ordered the Iranian military and the newly-created Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (Sepah-e Pasdaran) to crush the Kurds and take control of the Kurdish regions in Northwestern Iran. For weeks, government forces waged a brutal campaign, surrounding towns with artillery and tanks, and bombing from the air. By the beginning of September, they controlled the major towns and the Kurdish fighters (peshmerga) had fled into the mountains from where they continued to wage a guerilla campaign. As an added measure of terror, Khomeini dispatched his long-time comrade Ayatollah Sadegh Khalkhali to summarily try and order the executions of the socalled rebels. Khalkhali, as head of the newly-formed Islamic Revolutionary Court, was already known as “The Hanging Judge” due to his enthusiasm for holding summary trials and issuing execution orders, including one to the exiled Shah. For several weeks in August and September, as government troops took control of towns in the Kurdish regions, Khalkhali and his deputies conducted trials of men, women and boys who had been arrested without warrants or charges. He and his deputies briefly questioned the prisoners before convicting them of crimes such as “corrupter on earth and at war with God and his prophet” before sending them to face a firing squad. The entire processusually took only a day and sometimes was completed in a matter of hours. While the total number of executions is unknown, it was reported at the time that as many as 80 people were executed in three weeks.


This report captures only one brutal episode among many that the Islamic Republic perpetrated in the Kurdish regions, as well as the rest of Iran. The battles and killings continued in the Kurdish regions, and eventually blossomed into a full-scale war that lasted for years. Iranian Kurds, as well as other ethnic minorities, continued to work to preserve their cultural and political rights, and the Islamic Republic continued to arrest, torture and imprison them. While these events took place over 30 years ago, they are still relevant today as they turned out to be only a prelude to the Islamic Republic’s regular and persistent suppression of minority voices. The regime continues to violate the human, political and cultural rights of Kurds. Use of Kurdish languagesin print and education is discouraged, and Kurdish student, political and civil activists are regularly arrested, detained and imprisoned. It has been reported that there are currently at least fifteen Kurds on death row for political offensesin the Islamic Republic. IHRDCis a nonprofit organization in New Haven, Connecticut that was founded in 2004 by a group of human rights scholars, activists and historians. Its staff of human rights lawyers and researchers produce comprehensive and detailed reports on the human rights situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The Center’s goal is to encourage an informed dialogue among scholars and the general public in both Iran and abroad. The human rights reports and a database of documents relating to human rights in Iran are available, in English and Persian, to the public for research and educational purposeson the Center’s website at www.iranhrdc.org.

‫جمهوری‬ ‫توسط‬ ‫کردها‬ ‫اعدام‬ ‫گزارش‬ ‫ایران‬ ‫بشر‬ ‫حقوق‬ ‫اسناد‬ ‫مرکز‬ | ‫رسمى‬ ‫اطلعيه‬ | ‫اخبار‬ | ‫اصلی‬ ‫صفحه‬ ‫کرد‬ ‫منتشر‬ ‫را‬ 1358 ‫سال‬ ‫در‬ ‫اسلمی‬.

‫مرکز اسناد حقوق بشر ایران گزارش‬ ‫اعدام کردها توسط جمهوری اسلمی در‬ ‫ را منتشر کرد‬1358 ‫سال‬. 5 1390 ‫آبان‬ ‫توسط‬ ‫ایران‬ ‫کردهای‬ ‫اعدام‬ ‫مستند‬ ‫گزارش‬ ‫امروز‬ ‫ایران‬ ‫بشر‬ ‫حقوق‬ ‫اسناد‬ ‫مرکز‬ – ‫کنتیکت‬ ،‫ هیون‬ ‫نیو‬ ‫اعدام‬ :‫شده‬ ‫تسخیر‬ ‫»خاطرات‬ ،‫گزارش‬ ‫این‬ .‫کرد‬ ‫منتشر‬ ‫را‬ 1358 ‫شهریور‬ ‫و‬ ‫مرداد‬ ‫در‬ ‫اسلمی‬ ‫جمهوری‬ ‫دسترس‬ ‫قابل‬ ‫زیر‬ ‫لینک‬ ‫از‬ ،«1358 ‫سال‬ ‫در‬ ‫اسلمی‬ ‫جمهوری‬ ‫توسط‬ ‫کردها‬ ‫است‬.http://www.iranhrdc.org/persian/permalink/3510.html ‫نوعی‬ ‫دنبال‬ ‫به‬ ‫و‬ ،‫کردند‬ ‫حمایت‬ ‫ایران‬ 1357 ‫انقلب‬ ‫از‬ ،‫دیگر‬ ‫قومی‬ ‫اقلیتهای‬ ‫از‬ ‫بسیاری‬ ‫همانند‬ ،‫ایران‬ ‫کردهای‬ ‫آیت‬ ‫بازگشت‬ ‫از‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫ماه‬ ‫شش‬ ‫تنها‬ ،1358 ‫مرداد‬ ‫در‬ ‫بنابراین‬ .‫بودند‬ ‫اسلمی‬ ‫نوپای‬ ‫جمهوری‬ ‫در‬ ‫خودمختاری‬


‫‪ ‬الله‪ ‬روح‪ ‬الله‪ ‬خمینی‪ ‬به‪ ‬ایران‪ ،‬وی‪ ‬به‪ ‬نیروی‪ ‬نظامی‪ ‬و‪ ‬سپاه‪ ‬پاسداران‪ ‬تازه‪ ‬تاسیس‪ ‬شده‪ ‬فرمان‪ ‬داد‪ ‬تا‪ ‬کردها‬ ‫‪ ‬را‪ ‬درهم‪ ‬کوبیده‪ ‬و‪ ‬کنترل‪ ‬مناطق‪ ‬کردنشین‪ ‬در‪ ‬شمال‪ ‬غرب‪ ‬ایران‪ ‬را‪ ‬به‪ ‬دست‪ ‬بگیرند‪ .‬نیروهای‪ ‬دولتی‪ ‬طی‪ ‬چند‬ ‫‪ ‬هفته‪ ‬دست‪ ‬به‪ ‬حملت‪ ‬خونینی‪ ‬زدند‪ ‬که‪ ‬طی‪ ‬آن‪ ‬شهرها‪ ‬را‪ ‬با‪ ‬توپخانه‪ ‬و‪ ‬تانک‪ ‬و‪ ‬نیز‪ ‬بمباران‪ ‬هوائی‪ ‬به‪ ‬محاصره‬ ‫‪ ‬ها(‪ ‬به درآوردند‪ .‬تا‪ ‬اوایل‪ ‬شهریور‪ ‬آنها‪ ‬شهرهای‪ ‬اصلی‪ ‬را‪ ‬تحت‪ ‬کنترل‪ ‬درآورده‪ ‬بودند‪ ‬و‪ ‬مبارزان‪ ‬کرد‪) ‬پیشمرگه‬ ‫‪.‬دادندکوهستانها‪ ‬گریخته‪ ‬و‪ ‬از‪ ‬آنجا‪ ‬به‪ ‬مبارزات‪ ‬چریکی‪ ‬خود‪ ‬ادامه‪ ‬می‬ ‫‪ ‬اما‪ ‬خمینی‪ ‬تنها‪ ‬به‪ ‬اعزام‪ ‬ارتش‪ ‬و‪ ‬اعضاء‪ ‬پاسداران‪ ‬انقلب‪ ‬به‪ ‬این‪ ‬نواحی‪ ‬اکتفا‪ ‬نکرد‪ .‬او‪ ‬برای‪ ‬ایجاد‪ ‬هراس‪ ‬هر‬ ‫‪ ‬الله‪ ‬صادق‪ ‬خلخالی‪ ‬را‪ ‬هم‪ ‬به‪ ‬منظور‪ ‬اجرای‪ ‬محاکمات‪ ‬شتابزده‪ ‬و‪ ‬صدور‪ ‬فرمانچه‪ ‬بیشتر‪ ،‬یار‪ ‬دیرین‪ ‬خود‪ ،‬آیت‬ ‫‪ ‬اعدام‪ ‬این‪ ‬به‪ ‬اصطلح‪ ‬شورشیان‪ ،‬اعزام‪ ‬داشت‪ .‬خلخالی‪ ،‬تا‪ ‬آن‪ ‬هنگام‪ ‬به‪ ‬عنوان‪ ‬رئیس‪ ‬دادگاه‪ ‬تازه‪ ‬تأسیس‬ ‫‪ ‬انقلب‪ ‬اسلمی‪ ،‬به‪ ‬دلیل‪ ‬اشتیاقش‪ ‬برای‪ ‬اجرای‪ ‬محاکمات‪ ‬شتابزده‪ ‬و‪ ‬صدور‪ ‬فرمانهای‪ ‬اعدام‪ ،‬از‪ ‬جمله‪ ‬فرمان‬ ‫‪.‬اعدام‪ ‬شاه‪ ‬در‪ ‬تبعید‪ ،‬به‪» ‬قاضی‪ ‬طناب‪ ‬دار«‪ ‬شهرت‪ ‬یافته‪ ‬بود‬ ‫های‪ ‬مرداد‪ ‬و‪ ‬شهریور‪ ،‬در‪ ‬حالیکه‪ ‬نیروهای‪ ‬دولتی‪ ‬کنترل‪ ‬شهرهای‪ ‬نواحی‪ ‬کردنشین‪ ‬را‪ ‬به‪ ‬دست‪ ‬می در‪ ‬طول‪ ‬ماه‬ ‫‪ ‬گرفتند‪ ،‬خلخالی‪ ‬و‪ ‬دستیارانش‪ ‬برای‪ ‬چندین‪ ‬هفته‪ ‬به‪ ‬محاکمه‪ ‬مردان‪ ،‬زنان‪ ،‬و‪ ‬پسرانی‪ ‬که‪ ‬بدون‪ ‬هیچگونه‪ ‬حکم‬ ‫جلب‪ ‬و‪ ‬یا‪ ‬اتهامی‪ ‬دستگیر‪ ‬شده‪ ‬بودند‪ ،‬پرداختند‪ .‬او‪ ‬و‪ ‬دستیارانش‪ ‬به‪ ‬طور‪ ‬خلصه‪ ‬از‪ ‬زندانیان‪ ‬سؤالتی‪ ‬می‬ ‫‪ ‬الرض‪ ‬و‪ ‬محارب‪ ‬با‪ ‬خدا‪ ‬و‪ ‬رسول‪ ‬خدا«‪ ‬محکوم‪ ‬نمودهپرسیدند‪ ‬و‪ ‬سپس‪ ‬آنها‪ ‬را‪ ‬به‪ ‬جرائمی‪ ‬از‪ ‬قبیل‪» ‬مفسد‪ ‬فی‬ ‫‪ ‬سپردند‪ .‬تمام‪ ‬این‪ ‬مراحل‪ ‬معمول ً‪ ‬فقط‪ ‬یک‪ ‬روز‪ ‬و‪ ‬گاهی‪ ‬تنها‪ ‬چند‪ ‬ساعت‪ ‬بههای‪ ‬آتش‪ ‬می و‪ ‬بعد‪ ‬آنها‪ ‬را‪ ‬به‪ ‬جوخه‬ ‫‪ ‬ها‪ ‬معلوم‪ ‬نیست‪ ،‬اما‪ ‬بر‪ ‬اساس‪ ‬آنچه‪ ‬در‪ ‬آن‪ ‬زمان‪ ‬گزارش‪ ‬شده‪ ،‬بالغانجامید‪ .‬اگرچه‪ ‬تعداد‪ ‬کلی‪ ‬اعدام طول‪ ‬می‬ ‫‪.‬بر‪ 80 ‬تن‪ ‬در‪ ‬طول‪ ‬سه‪ ‬هفته‪ ‬اعدام‪ ‬شدند‬ ‫‪ ‬این‪ ‬گزارش‪ ‬صرف ا ً‪ ‬به‪ ‬شرح‪ ‬یک‪ ‬رویداد‪ ‬سبعانه‪ ‬از‪ ‬موارد‪ ‬متعددی‪ ‬که‪ ‬رژیم‪ ‬جمهوری‪ ‬اسلمی‪ ‬در‪ ‬نواحی‪ ‬کردنشین‬ ‫‪ ‬پردازد‪ .‬این‪ ‬نبردها‪ ‬و‪ ‬کشتارها‪ ‬در‪ ‬مناطق‪ ‬کرد‪ ‬ادامه‪ ‬یافت‪ ‬و‪ ‬عاقبتو‪ ‬نیز‪ ‬دیگر‪ ‬مناطق‪ ‬ایران‪ ‬مرتکب‪ ‬شده‪ ‬می‬ ‫‪ ‬های‪ ‬قومی‪ ‬به‪ ‬کار منتج‪ ‬به‪ ‬یک‪ ‬جنگ‪ ‬تمام‪ ‬عیار‪ ‬گردید‪ ‬که‪ ‬سالها‪ ‬ادامه‪ ‬یافت‪ .‬ایرانیان‪ ‬کرد‪ ‬به‪ ‬علوه‪ ‬دیگر‪ ‬اقلیت‬ ‫‪ ‬برای‪ ‬حفظ‪ ‬حقوق‪ ‬سیاسی‪ ‬و‪ ‬فرهنگی‪ ‬خود‪ ‬ادامه‪ ‬دادند‪ ،‬و‪ ‬جمهوری‪ ‬اسلمی‪ ‬هم‪ ‬به‪ ‬دستگیری‪ ،‬شکنجه‪ ‬و‪ ‬حبس‬ ‫‪.‬کردها‪ ‬ادامه‪ ‬داد‬ ‫‪ ‬گرچه‪ ‬این‪ ‬وقایع‪ 30 ‬سال‪ ‬پیش‪ ‬اتفاق‪ ‬افتاده‪ ‬اند‪ ،‬اما‪ ‬هنوز‪ ‬حائز‪ ‬اهمیت‪ ‬هستند‪ ‬چرا‪ ‬که‪ ‬مقدمه‪ ‬ای‪ ‬بر‪ ‬سرکوب‬ ‫‪ ‬مستمر‪ ‬و‪ ‬متمادی‪ ‬صدای‪ ‬اقلیتها‪ ‬توسط‪ ‬جمهوری‪ ‬اسلمی‪ ‬شدند‪ .‬رژیم‪ ‬همچنان‪ ‬به‪ ‬نقض‪ ‬حقوق‪ ‬انسانی‪،‬‬ ‫‪ ‬سیاسی‪ ‬و‪ ‬فرهنگی‪ ‬کردها‪ ‬ادامه‪ ‬می‪ ‬دهد‪ .‬استفاده‪ ‬از‪ ‬زبان‪ ‬کردی‪ ‬در‪ ‬نشر‪ ‬و‪ ‬آموزش‪ ‬و‪ ‬پرورش‪ ‬مورد‪ ‬توجه‪ ‬قرار‬ ‫‪ ‬نمی‪ ‬گیرد‪ .‬دانشجویان‪ ‬و‪ ‬فعالن‪ ‬سیاسی‪ ‬و‪ ‬مدنی‪ ‬کرد‪ ‬مرتبا ً‪ ‬دستگیر‪ ،‬بازداشت‪ ‬و‪ ‬زندانی‪ ‬می‪ ‬شوند‪ .‬گزارش‬ ‫‪ ‬شده‪ ‬است‪ ‬که‪ ‬در‪ ‬حال‪ ‬حاضر‪ ‬حداقل‪ ‬پانزده‪ ‬نفر‪ ‬از‪ ‬شهروندان‪ ‬کرد‪ ‬به‪ ‬جرائم‪ ‬سیاسی‪ ‬در‪ ‬انتظار‪ ‬اعدام‪ ‬توسط‬ ‫‪.‬جمهوری‪ ‬اسلمی‪ ‬هستند‬ ‫‪ ‬باشد‪ ‬که‪ ‬در‪ ‬سال‪ 1383 ‬توسط‪ ‬گروهی‪ ‬ازای‪ ‬غیر‪ ‬انتفاعی‪ ‬می مرکز‪ ‬اسناد‪ ‬حقوق‪ ‬بشر‪ ‬ایران‪ ‬موسسه‬ ‫‪ ‬پژوهشگران‪ ،‬فعالن‪ ‬حقوق‪ ‬بشر‪ ‬و‪ ‬تاریخدانان‪ ‬تاسیس‪ ‬شد‪ .‬کارمندان‪ ‬این‪ ‬مرکز‪ ،‬وکل‪ ‬و‪ ‬پژوهشگران‪ ‬حقوق‬ ‫‪ ‬باشند‪ ‬که‪ ‬مسئول‪ ‬تهیه‪ ‬گزارشهای‪ ‬جامع‪ ‬و‪ ‬کامل‪ ‬از‪ ‬وضعیت‪ ‬حقوق‪ ‬بشر‪ ‬در‪ ‬ایران‪ ‬از‪ ‬زمان‪ ‬انقلب‪ ‬تابشر‪ ‬می‬ ‫‪ ‬باشد‪ .‬هدف‪ ‬این‪ ‬مرکز‪ ‬تشویق‪ ‬گفتگوی‪ ‬آگاهانه‪ ‬بین‪ ‬محققین‪ ‬و‪ ‬عموم‪ ‬مردم‪ ‬در‪ ‬داخل‪ ‬و‪ ‬خارج‪ ‬از‪ ‬ایرانکنون‪ ‬می‬ ‫‪ ‬باشند‪ .‬گزارشهای‪ ‬حقوق‪ ‬بشری‪ ‬و‪ ‬آرشیوی‪ ‬اسناد‪ ‬حقوق‪ ‬بشر‪ ‬این‪ ‬مرکز‪ ‬در‪ ‬پایگاه‪ ‬اطلعاتیمی‬ ‫‪. ‬باشندبرای‪ ‬دسترسی‪ ‬و‪ ‬آموزش‪ ‬عموم‪ ‬موجود‪ ‬می ‪www.iranhrdc.org ‬آن‬



























Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.