Fivemagazine-smell

F.I.V.E. MAGAZINE Taste.sight.touch.smell.hearing

the thematic magazine of the Project F.I.V.E. year II, no.4, November 2013

Project meeting in Kula, Bulgaria 10th - 16th November 2013 1

EDITORIAL SMELL The smell is one of our five senses and plays an important role in our perception capacity.

It doesn't just allow us to identify the smell of things and classify them into different categories such as floral, fruity, sweet, citric, chemical, etc; it also allows us to directly connect with our memory and emotions.

In our memory we keep smells and also the situations in which we could live them.

Beautiful memories of the smell of those childhood biscuits in our grandparents ´homes. That smell of burnt gunpowder after the fireworks in the festivals of our home towns. The scent of orange that used to remain in our hands after tasting the first orange of the season. The fragrance of incense in that small church after the Sunday services‌ However, we also recall those smells that bring bad memories, like the smell of the hospital we were taken to after falling off the bike, the odour of the purification system plant we visited thanks to our determinate teacher, and that experiment in the lab where we could make that potion smell terrible.

The fact of defining smells is difficult for us,

because we always associate them with one emotion. Still we don´t mind, we prefer to live them rather than to define them. You try otherwise to define the smell of your home.

Pablo Berrozpe, general coordinator 2

Agrupamento de Escolas de Castelo de Paiva - Portugal

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efore the project meeting in Kula, Bulgaria, the Portuguese Comenius team worked very hard and participated in many interesting activities which are going to be portrayed in the following pages. On the final pages of the Portuguese section you will also find a reflection upon the Bulgarian meeting. We hope you to enjoy the following pages.

The questionnaire In this project work, and as usual, we always start with the questionnaire in order to trigger people’s interest in this topic “Smell”. The Portuguese Comenius analysed the results and while preparing the comments decided to group the questions into categories which are the following:

Importance of smell in people's daily life In question 1 « You are at a local market and you have found a new food product. To decide whether to buy it or not, you will: » in which the options were « Look at it/ Taste it/ Feel the fragrance/ Touch it/ A combination of the above”. 25 people answered that to decide whether to buy a product or not, they would combine all the senses. However, 11 people think that looking at it is enough to decide. On the other hand, only 3 people would pick the sense of touch when selecting a product.

In question 2 « Is it enough only to feel the aroma of a product to decide upon its quality? », the alternatives were « Yes/ No/ Sometimes». 22 people would feel the aroma to qualify a product upon its quality just 3

sometimes. Nevertheless, 18 people wouldn't smell the product to decide upon its quality. In this question there was 1 person who didn't answer.

In question 4 « What effect can aromatherapy have on the physical and mental health of a person? », the options were «Positive/ Negative/ I don't know ». 34 people consider that aromatherapy has a positive effect on physical and mental health. However, 10 people don't know if aromatherapy has a good or a bad effect. In this question there were 3 people who did not answer.

In question 9 « In your opinion, which of the following have a stronger sense of smell? », in which the alternatives were «People/ Animals/ I don't know » 47 people chose «animal» as the right option. Only 3 people chose «people» as correct answer.

Agrupamento de Escolas de Castelo de Paiva - Portugal

In question 15 « How would you grade the importance of smell in your life? » the options were «Very important/ Important/ Of little importance/ Unimportant ». 30 people consider the sense of smell very important in their lives. 16 people classify the sense of smell just as «important» and only 5 people believe that the sense of smell has a little importance in their lives.

«Who has a better sense of smell? » was the question 11 and the options were «Women/ Men/ I don't know » 36 people selected «Women» as the best option. Then, «men» was chosen by 9 people as the correct answer and 5 people didn't know who had a better sense of smell.

In question 13 « According to you, how well developed is a blind person's sense of smell compared to sighted people? » and the options were «Stronger/ Weaker/ Equally developed ». 41 people think that blind people have stronger sense of smell. «Equally developed» was the second alternative most chosen with 7 preferences. 1 person didn't answer to this question.

smell the product, at least sometimes, before buying it. The aromatherapy, the use of essential oils in therapies, has, based on the people's answers, positive effects on our minds and bodies such as reduction of the feeling of agitation in patients who suffer from dementia, improve the life quality of patients with cancer, among other benefits. People agree that animals have the strongest sense of smell and the truth is that the animals have a much better olfactory skill than humans.

According to the scientists, the bear has the best sense of smell of all the terrestrial mammals followed by other animals like the sharks and elephants. Inside the human's category of who has the best sense of smell, Portuguese people think the women have it stronger. The largest group of people confirm that blind people hear, touch and smell better than the sighted people and in fact it is true.

The senses are extremely important in our life. Without them life would be harder and meaningless and the sense of smell has a big importance in the majority of people's lives.

Comment: The first set of questions is associated to the importance of smell in people's daily life and the great majority of people combine all the senses while choosing a product to buy. The aroma of a product can, most of the time, define its quality and people say that they

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Agrupamento de Escolas de Castelo de Paiva - Portugal

Marketing In question 3 « Do you think that the use of fragrances in shops can attract more customers and therefore contribute to an increase in sales? » and the alternatives were «Yes/ No / I don't know ». 36 people selected «Yes» as the correct option. Therefore, there are 7 people who answered negatively and 7 who didn't know the answer. 1 person did not answer to this question.

In question 5 « Would you like to receive information about what ingredients to use in order to make organic cosmetic products, such as soap? », the options were « Yes/ No/ I don't know ». 37 people would like to receive that kind of information while 11 wouldn't.

Comment: 36 people chose the option “Yes” to answer to the 3rd question which was: “Do you think that the use of fragrances in shops can attract more customers and therefore contribute to an increase in sales?”. By the other side, 7 people answered “No” but they are scientifically wrong, because it is proved that the aromas can influence the customer to buy a product and consequently the shops can increase the sales because the customers will buy equally.

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At the question “Would you like to receive information about what ingredients to use in order to make organic cosmetic products, such as soap?” which was the 5th, 37 people answered that would like to get that kind of information and 11 people chose the opposite answer. The 37 people are correct related to the statistics taken by the questionnaires that include the entire world.

The impact that the smell has on people's mind In question 6 « Can you guess how many different smells a person can “remember”? » the alternatives were « To 5 000/ Around 10 000/ Over 10 000 ». The second option was the most popular with 24 people supporting it.

However, 16 people believe that a person can remember until 5 000 smells.

In question 7 «How long do you think the human brain can keep the memory of a specific smell? » in which the options were «For a short time/ For a long time/ I don't know ». 36 people believe the human brain can keep a specific smell for a long time and 8 think the opposite. In this question, 1 person didn't answer.

Agrupamento de Escolas de Castelo de Paiva - Portugal

In question 14 «How difficult is it to describe a smell in words? » the answers were « Very difficult/ A bit difficult/ Quite easy». 22 people consider a bit difficult to describe a smell in words. 20 people believe it's very difficult and 1 person didn't answer this question.

Comment: With the third category of questions we can conclude that the people questioned believe that smell has a huge impact on people's minds. Almost everyone thinks that a person can remember around 10 000 smells, except the ones who consider we can remember to 5 000 or over 10 000. However, specialists affirm that a person can remember from 10 000 to 10 400 smells. Also, almost everyone believes that the human brain can keep the memory of a specific smell for a long time, while just a few think the opposite.

Furthermore, most of the people questioned consider that describing a smell in words is a bit difficult or very difficult though the minority supposes that it is quite easy.

Yes/ No/ I don't know ». 27 people didn't agree with this question and 17 did agree. 1 person didn't answer to this question.

In question 10 «Do you think the except for the nose the olfactory cells can also exist in other parts of the human body, for example: in the lungs, blood and heart ». 20 people didn't know the answer to this question. 19 people disagree with this. 2 people didn't answer. « Did you know that a fragrance, for example, a perfume, has different scents according to the skin it's in contact with? » is the question 16 and the options were « Yes, I did/ No, I didn't ». 32 people stated their knowledge on the fact and 18 answered the opposite. 1 person did not answer.

General information on the sense of smell «Would you agree that the human sense of the taste is in the nose and not in the mouth? » is the question 8 and the alternatives were «

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Agrupamento de Escolas de Castelo de Paiva - Portugal

Comment: In the fourth category of questions we can conclude that this topic mainly refers how the human body and the sense smell are connected. According to the eighth question, which refers that the sense taste is in the nose and not in the mouth, most of the people answered that it is true, almost half think the opposite and one person didn't answered.

According to scientifically facts, the human sense taste is in the mouth, specifically on the tongue that has free nerve endings that recognize the chemical compounds. The tenth question refers to the olfactory cells and their location, most of the people answered that they didn't know the answer and disagreed and two didn't answered. As scientifically facts say, the olfactory cells are mainly on the brain, specifically on the rhinencephalon that understands the olfactory areas. In the sixteenth question, it refers about how the perfume can interact with the human body.

Most of the people said that the fragrance change with the person, almost half said the opposite and one person didn't answer. The information gave is that the smell change with the type of skin(oily…) and other facts like sweat, hormonal changes, acidity or even if a person take medicine.

Environmental concern In question 12 « In your opinion, does the daily 7

use of aerosol cosmetics and cleaning sprays contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer? » the answers were «Yes/ No/ I don't know ».

37 people answered positively to the question and 8 people didn't know what to think about it.

Comment: The majority answered positively to the 12th question which was: “Does the daily use of aerosol cosmetics and cleaning spray contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer?”. These 37 people are according to the scientific arguments about the causes of the depletion of the ozone layer. The science has as causes of this reduction: the greenhouse gases that cleaning sprays emit to the atmosphere; the aerosol cosmetics which also e m i t gases t h a t cause reductio n of the ozone layer; a n d much other things.

Agrupamento de Escolas de Castelo de Paiva - Portugal

THE F.I.V.E. BLOG OF Values

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rom September till now we've been doing some works and one of them was about the values related to the senses. The results of our research and work will be published on the F.I.V.E. blog of values. Our teacher divided us into groups, and each one of them had a theme related to all of the senses. In each group there were three elements that were responsible for doing the research upon three topics and writing about a famous Portuguese person related to each of these values. We should quote a statement whose content should be linked to the value. The following step was to find a photo of that personality. We should also research upon that person's life and provide some important information as a fact-file. One example of a value was tolerance and there were some very important statements that some famous Portuguese people have mentioned which are related to the human rights. Here is an example:

Ana Carvalho (Portuguese Comenius team)

THE FRAGRANCES In order to make soaps with fragrances from our region it was necessary to make some research on several plants, herbs and fruits with different scents. Some of them are known like the lemon which is a yellow fruit. Even though it is sour, some people enjoy it, especially its juice. The lemon is used mostly in cooking and one special fact about this fruit is that it can deodorize, remove grease, bleach stains and disinfect. The lemon juice has multiple benefits since it contains vitamins and minerals important to our bodies.

The strawberry is also much known in all the cultures. It is a red fruit. Sweet as it is, it's used to cook desserts like ice creams and pies. Eating strawberries increases the bone and tissue resistance, accelerates the healing and fights infections.

The pine tree is also known although it is characteristi c from the Northern Europe. Its wood is used to craft furniture and its leaves are used to m a k e perfumes and cleaning products. The pine tree has numerous benefits to our organism such as acting as an antibacterial agent, improving the blood circulation, cleaning the lung phlegm and stimulating energy.

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Agrupamento de Escolas de Castelo de Paiva - Portugal

The Eucalyptus is a tree which we can find almost in every corner of our planet. It can be used in infections, fever, helps to loose coughs, helps asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis and joint pains. The Eucalyptus oil is extremely important, because it can be used to treat, for example, coughs and nasal stuffiness.

The lavender is a plant used to make perfumes and air fresheners, cleaning products, and some medicines. Finally, there is the rosemary, a herb used in medicine, decoration and cooking. It helps people with asthma, liver and blood detoxification and blood pressure.

Rafael Monteiro (Portuguese Comenius team)

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After the research our Physics and Chemistry teacher, Elvira Pita, also had the idea to create some scented bags. Here is the interview about the whole process.

Interview about the scented bags Rita: How did the idea of making scented bags appear? Elvira: The idea appeared, while I was thinking about the main topic for Bulgarian project meeting, I considered the possibility of keeping some traditional scents.

An interesting way of doing it would be with scented bags which many people use to perfume drawers Rita: Why did you choose this process?

Elvira: It was based on my empirical knowledge.

As I knew that when plants are exposed to open air, in a dry environment, they follow a very slow process of getting dry that gives them the suitable characteristics to keep their scent for a long period if kept in bags.

Rita: Can you describe how you made these scented bags?

Elvira: After the process of drying the plants that lasted approximately a month. The idea of the bags came while I was talking to teacher Aurora Monteiro who showed her availability to sow the bags with parts of cloth and laces, thus recycling these materials.

Rita: Which were the scents you used?

Elvira: The scents I used were rosemary, jasmin, wild rosemary and lavender.

Agrupamento de Escolas de Castelo de Paiva - Portugal

Making of the soap and packaging We decided to make two workshops in some way related to the sense of smell. So, we made a workshop for making soap and bath salts and another one for the packaging of the products created. The activities were quite successful and everyone enjoyed it and our final products were offered to our partner schools.

Production of hand-crafted soap and of the packaging First, we had to organize some material that was necessary such as: scales, two test-tube (measuring cylinder) of 50 ml and 400 ml, two beckers of 100 ml and 400 ml, glass rods, spatulas and forms for the soap. Then, we had to prepare the reactants that were going to be used: cooking oil, Sodium Hydroxide, Ethanol, Sodium Chloride, food dyes and essences.

When everything was ready, we started working while following the protocol given by teacher Elvira Pita.

We first measured 25 grams of Sodium Hydroxide to a becker. Then, we added 50 ml of distilled water to the sodium hydroxide (we put the becker on a larger recipient with cold water because the reaction is exothermic), mixed with a glass rod and let the solution cool down. As the solution cooled down, we measured 100 ml of used oil (after it was

filtered) and poured it into the 400 ml becker.

We added 50 ml of ethanol (it worked as acatalyser) and mixed with a glass rod. Then, we addedthe sodium hydroxide solution to the previous mixture. We heated the mixture during 20 minutes (200ยบC). Once we obtained a viscous paste, we removed it from the heating source and allowed it to cool down. We added 5 grams of sodium chloride, mixed well and let it rest. We finally added some drops of essence and food dye of our choice, blended the mixture and poured it into the forms while compressing it.

When they were in a solid state, we removed them from the forms.

In the other workshop each student made an origami box that was used to pack the soap when it was ready. The activity was very interesting especially because we had to learn how to use the origami method.

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Agrupamento de Escolas de Castelo de Paiva - Portugal

Bath Salt Workshop

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n this workshop we learn how to make bath salts with simple materials. In the end we got very good results and with many fragrances.

To make the bath salts we need the following products: - 90 grams of thick salt and 60 grams of table salt; - Essences or aromatic oils; - Dye materials; - 30 grams of sodium bicarbonate.

Apart from these ingredients, we also need the following materials: A 400 ml's beaker; A spatula; A glass ramrod; Recipients to store the salts.

However, to make the bath salts we have to follow these steps: - Mix the table salt with the thick salt into a recipient; - Add some drops of essential oil of a chosen aroma; - Mix all very well with the glass ramrod; - Transfer to a little plastic bag, add 30 grams of sodium bicarbonate and mix everything by stirring the sack; - Add some drops of a chosen dye and mix again until you get the standardized colour.

Following these steps and using these materials and products we got the results we aimed at.

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Agrupamento de Escolas de Castelo de Paiva - Portugal

A chance to dream and believe in ... a more European future

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fter many, many miles without any biggest mishaps we approached our destination, the innermost northwest of the most eastern European country and its most hidden place, Kula.

It's not easy to get here, we agree, but the commitment to the achievement of new experiences, always turns out to be stronger and not very comparable to other European countries we were driven by the roads out of the capital Sofia, on a bus route which lasted for four long hours.

We arrived at night and one gets the feeling of insecurity that the unknown usually brings us perhaps because we are increasingly involved in a twilight atmosphere where the public light seems to be somehow a scarce resource.

Vidin was the basis, it was like, the first warmth of this long journey of travelers and it invited us to rest now knowing most of our fellow companions.

And on the next day, Monday, we went back to the way there, a few more kilometers until we finally reached Kula. It does exist and we finally arrived there.

This Kula is nervous but also happy and somehow timid just like a child who has just won new friends. Despite the grey day, it was gilded to welcome us all with a frank open smile of someone who gets in and is very much expectant this time.

Frankly, it is a small school, in a very small city but for all of us it became the space where our imagination stopped flying and we now walk.

It is true that the welcome revealed some anxiety, but it also expressed and conveyed the happiness of those who gave their best, were happy and wanted to see others happy.

After this meanwhile, which was not long, we started to work in an environment that was both serious and relaxed, because each group wanted undoubtedly to give the best, not only at an European but also at their country level.

Bearing in mind sharing and commitment, we all went walking through the exploration of the senses that were alert to achieve common goals in a spirit that guided the development of the tasks and the project throughout the week.

Giving their first steps in terms of Comenius projects, Kula did not fail to present us its mayor, who welcomed us warmly at the City Hall. He was very empathic and was willing to listen to us and looking forward to answering our questions.

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Agrupamento de Escolas de Castelo de Paiva - Portugal

At the beginning of the week the "Treasure Hunt" in the city of Kula served to break the ice if it still existed some. The teams were mixed and released to the conquest of the territory and people of Kula. It is a poor territory but wants to go further, and look into the future, while respecting their dead in a very particular way. They are always present everywhere. They also accompanied us and wished us luck!

With the urgent need to broaden your horizons, our hosts gave us back the best they have: their cultural heritage, their products and also their natural heritage. Nothing better than a route that stretched for Magura Cave, Magura Vinery, Botovitza Vinery, Belogradchick Belogradchick Rocks and Fortress.

In Belogradchick we visited the Belogradchick Rocks and Fortress. Again, for generations Man has teamed with the gods who worked somewhere in the Jurassic times for many millions of years f o r t h e production of a geological work that amazes and delights.

Perhaps the gods have passed here, too ...

Even before the prior art of Man had populated some walls in Magura Cave, having inhabited there for many, many millions of years, the gods must have passed by these caves.

They might also passed by the Magura Vinery and appreciated the scents exhaled by the nectars they tasted, experienced and appreciated. Such was the

Of the work done in Jurassic times, derived from magma, we can find there monumental conglomerated colonnades that erosion helped carve. In this exceptional model figures punctuate as symbols of mysticism of humans who seek to attain the fullness in the field of heights.

Until very recently this union of generations was charming and combination; however, the current human does not seem to respect the others who gave us so much and this is reflected upon the number of architectural

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result of its inspiration that they now in the depths, in a Karst model that is unique deep make us feel small facing the magnitude of the work that keeps us experience and appreciate what is a legacy to future generations.

Agrupamento de Escolas de Castelo de Paiva - Portugal

In Belogradchick we visited the Belogradchick Rocks and Fortress. Again, for generations Man has teamed with the gods who worked somewhere in the Jurassic times for many millions of years for the production of a geological work that amazes and delights.

Of the work done in Jurassic times, derived from magma, we can find there monumental conglomerated colonnades that erosion helped carve. In this exceptional model figures punctuate as symbols of mysticism of humans who seek to attain the fullness in the field of heights.

Until very recently this union of generations was charming and combination; however, the current human does not seem to respect the others who gave us so much and this is reflected upon the number of architectural attacks, among others, that were inflicted upon the landscape while destroying this monumental partnership.

We were entranced by the skeins of mist that

were covering the environment, but then that land was our land and our youngsters would continue the work of affirmation of multiculturalism that seems to fade away as the days have become shorter.

Going back to work, we had to develop and complete projects. Alongside, we continued experiencing a world of sensations through a door that revealed secrets kept in natural perfumed soaps.

Competition is competition and we will always live and continue living with it. Since we all know each other, let others also try to be the best. In the field of the English language it seems to have been the best time to show up, be them white or striped. In the world of warfare it is not always the best that wins; however, it is always a win to visit Vidin and acknowledge the cultural differences in Vidin where we stayed. In this city there was also suffering that we perceived, smelled and felt as we came closer to the Baba Vida, an

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Agrupamento de Escolas de Castelo de Paiva - Portugal

unforgettable castle‌ Men and their animal instinct had been here for many generations; unfortunately, without the presence of the gods, because of the vision of terror that had certainly happened there.

Maybe because of a gloomy past that has probably existed in these parts of Vidin, today there is tolerance, at least amongst men who believe in god, show greater respect and tolerate each other, namely the tolerance

observed in religious coexistence. So let it be.

There was a time in the final stage of this week meeting filled with activities. This wonderful organization that was in charge of the Bulgarian teachers, provided us with another visit that filled us with

excitement and hope for a better future. It was not only a religious space but also a meditation space, so a visit to the monastery also made us reflect upon and think that men are also able to observe and respect their kins.

Time is always short and so during the intercultural festival, each partner school recalled its own way that in Europe there are flags that will not fade or ... Who knows ... Each g r o u p o f participants showed a little of what seemed to best represent their culture.

For Bulgaria, for the Bulgarian families, for giving us the little they have, but that was so plenty, many thanks for hosting us. The future belongs to you, so enjoy what Europe can give you, but do not allow yourself to indulge in sleeping ...

Armando Cunha Elvira Pita (Teachers from the Portuguese Comenius team)

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Colegio Sagrado Coraz贸n Carmelitas Ikastetxea - Spain

SOAP MAKING Some of us met in the laboratory of the school to do an interesting and funny activity. It was about making soap and we learnt to prepare it ourselves with a little bit of help.

There were four types of soaps: citric, lavender, rosemary and rosehip, so we organized ourselves into four groups (one for each kind of soap).

First, we had to pour a certain amount of water with soda into a bowl ( we couldn't touch the mixture because this substance wasn't good for our skin , so we had to wear gloves ). Then, when everything was dissolved, we had to add oil with the essence of each soap , a coconut product and different colorings and mix all with a mixer until it became thick.

Finally we poured the paste in a mold. In one month it will be hard and ready.

In my opinion it was a good activity to do in groups and I liked it very much because we had never done it before and it is different and useful.

Sandra Marcos 16

Colegio Sagrado Coraz贸n Carmelitas Ikastetxea - Spain

PACKAGING FOR THE SOAPS In this activity we made the boxes for the soaps that had been done a few weeks ago.

First we wrapped the soaps in a s p e c i a l paper. Later, the teachers gave us a few measures to create a box with a piece of cardboard. When the box was created, we put a sticker on the front of the box with the symbol of this project.

Finally we decorated every box in a different way depending on the type of soap that was inside. It was a very funny and different activity and the result is a colourful and happy appearance for our lovely hand-made soaps!

Ariadna Porres 17

PERFUME: The Story of a Murder This film tells the story of a boy born in Paris, named Jean-Baptiste. When he is born, his mother is found guilty of letting him die, so she has to be hanged. He goes to different orphanages before being sold to a man who works with leather. In his free time, he explores Paris and memorizes all the smells of the whole city.

One day, he is surprised by a very different smell, so he starts following it, only with his nose. He finds that the owner of this special smell is a young, beautiful girl. Then, he realizes that he has never felt anything like that b e f o r e .

Although he t r i e s t o remember that smell, he's unable to do it, so he decides he h a s t o preserve that smell in some way. Finally, h e i s determined to become the best perfumer in the world.

Colegio Sagrado Coraz贸n Carmelitas Ikastetxea - Spain

IBARRONDO PERFUMERY

While the film goes on, his smell is sharper and deeper and he needs different scents, and it's so powerful that he can imagine different landscapes and views, and can also experiment feelings that nobody has known before. He also suffers because he needs to find a way in which he can preserve some scents that are considered impossible to be preserved. Through this story, we can appreciate how important the sense of smell is.

Last week, the owner of the Perfume shop "Ibarrondo" came to our school to tell us how her grandfather had created his business.

Her grandfather was a boat captain and when he travelled to America he loved the perfume shops, then when he returned he bought a small local and he started working in that business.

This shop was really successful and in 1990 he bought a bigger local. The whole family has worked in this store since then, and now the owner is the third generation of the family.

In 2000 they celebrated the 50th anniversary and they decided to create the Ibarrondo line and in 2010 they celebrated sixty years of business and they made a gift to our beloved city: "Agua Blanca" a fragrance for VitoriaGasteiz that can be used as a souvenir. It was a very interesting talk and if you have the opportunity I recommend you visit the store.

Laura Gonzalez

Paula Fernandez de Romarategui 18

Colegio Sagrado CorazĂłn Carmelitas Ikastetxea - Spain

PROJECT FIVE- QUESTIONNAIRE ON SMELL The following results show how Spanish people answered to many questions about the sense of smell, which as we all know not only helps us taste food but also reminds us of things, people, places‌ As happens with physical appearance, the sense of smell is one of the things we focus on first; That's why it is as important as the other senses are.

3. Would you agree that the human sense of taste is 1. Do you think that the use of fragrances in shops in the nose and not in the mouth? can attract more customers and , therefore, contribute to an increase in sales?

38% thinks so, whereas the 44% does not agree 80% of people thinks so, while half of the with it. The rest doesn't other percentage has know what to think or say no idea and the other about this. We have half thinks this isn't always been told that the sense of taste is in true. As a matter of the mouth, but why can't we taste different fact, shops use many type of food when we have a cold? Maybe fragrances to attract we should think of this fact before people so that they can increase their sales. answering.

How impressive these ways of attracting customers can be!

4. Who has a better sense of smell?

2. What effect can aromatherapy have on the 58% thinks women are the physical and mental health of a person? most specialized in terms of smelling. The 14% 64% of the people that have been asked say thinks men are keener on that aromatherapy has a positive effect on smelling and the 28% the well being of a person. In contrast, the doesn't know the answer 6% says it has a negative to this. Both female and male are different in effect on us. 30% doesn't some abilities so maybe women are likely to know what to say. This be more skillful in the sense of smelling. can be caused by the 5. How difficult is it to describe a smell in words? scarce information we 66% agrees that describing a smell could be have about how helpful aromatherapy can kind of impossible. The 28% says it might be be, maybe because it has not been used for a bit difficult and 6% thinks it is quite easy. many years.

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Colegio Sagrado CorazĂłn Carmelitas Ikastetxea - Spain

We can say that almost everyone would find difficult to say what elements a fragrance is formed by. Only a few people have the talent to describe a fragrance objectively.

Before starting the debating session, the teacher revised the procedure with us.

In the groups there are four representatives: the prime minister, the vice-president, the member of the government and the whips. And these four people are going to be divided into another two groups: the opening team and the closing team.

6. How would you grade the importance of smell in your life?

-The opening team: these two people have to present the motion and how they are going to structure their speech. And if someone makes a point of information, this person has to rebut it.

A big percent, the 48%, assumes that it is really more than important. The 42% thinks it is quite important and the 10% finds this sense of less importance than others. All in all, smells make things or people be who or what they are. It also helps us taste food. As I have already said and what could really be the most characteristic thing of smell, is that they Maria Casado

PARLIAMENTARY DEBATING SESSION A few days ago, in our English class we had a debate . First, we organised ourselves into two groups and then we chose the representatives for the two groups.

-The closing team: they have to close the debate and go through all the points introduced by their team in the debate.

The eight members of the debates are going to have controlled time to speak and their first minutes will be protected. The first time we did a debate like this, it was a bit difficult, because there are a lot of things to do like presenting the group, structuring your arguments‌ but once we start got started it was q u i t e entertaining and useful. It is a l w a y s interesting to try to think of arguments independently of your own opinion.

Ane Marcaide 20

Colegio Sagrado Coraz贸n Carmelitas Ikastetxea - Spain

SMELL ADJECTIVES In our English class, one of the activities we did was studying the d i f f e r e n t adjectives related with the sense of smell.

These adjectives appeared in the book 'The Perfume'. We realized there were a larger number of more p r e c i s e adjectives to define the different scents.

We made a list of adjectives in w h i c h w e translated these adjectives to Spanish. Finally, using these adjectives, we wrote a quote.

In our opinion, it was a really interesting activity, and we had the opportunity to widen our vocabulary, so it Javier Ruiz 21

Berlage Lyceum - The Netherlands

Preparation for the trip: Debating: Because we're going to debate this week, we needed to learn the official debating format, parliamentary style. We did our best and hope that we are well prepared. We hope we can convince the jury and the audience.

Making Soap:

We added typical Dutch ingredients to the soap too, such as cinnamon and pepernoten.

Pepernoten is a kind of candy, made from spices and dough, and is used at the celebration of Sinterklaas, which is a Dutch tradition. Luckily, the whole Comenius team was involved because it was a lot of work. The moulds we had, were 20 heart , and one typical Dutch windmill.

Our chemistry teacher cooked soap for us, and we had to pour it into moulds.

Next we added scents and colours.

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Berlage Lyceum - The Netherlands

The smell of the soap: Before making the soap, we had to think about typical Dutch smells for the soap. The smells that we came up with were: speculaas spice (used for Dutch biscuits), cinnamon, cheese and tulips. We wanted to add Dutch cheese from Gouda or Edam Unfortunately tulips were out of season and the cheese smell is unsuitable for soap. Therefore we decided to use the spices.

The speculaas spice is a mix of spices: cinnamon, nutmeg, cloves, ginger powder and white pepper. We discovered that these spices do not come from Holland, but from Indonesia! In the 17th century, the golden age of the Netherlands, we traded this with the Indonesians. For visuals, we also added leaves from the school yard.

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Packaging: For packaging the soap, we used coloured papers, scissors and glue. The packaging were in the following forms: Dutch canal houses, a windmill, the flag of the Netherlands and the sign: XXX 'heart' 'bicycle', which means Because Amsterdam is a big city, and Holland does not have hills, and there are many people going to work by car, many people choose to cycle to their work or school, because it's way faster, and fresh air is good for you.

Berlage Lyceum - The Netherlands

The dictionary of values Cultural heritage William I, Prince of Orange (24 April 1533 10 July 1584), also widely known as William the Silent or William of Orange. He was the main leader of the Dutch revolt against the Spanish in the E i g h t y Ye a r s ' War. The result of this war was that the United Provinces g a i n e d independence in 1684. William of Orange became Prince of Orange in 1544 and was thereby the founder of the branch House of Orange-Nassau and the ancestor of the monarchy of the Netherlands. For us he represents cultural heritage, because he brought the Netherlands together.

The personal motto of the prince was "Je maintiendrai", which means "I shall vindicate". When the Prince of Orange died this motto expanded: "Je maintiendrai l'honneur, la foy, la loi de Dieu, du Roy, de mes amis et moy." Which meant "I shall vindicate the honor, the religion, the law of God, the king, my friends and me."

Respect Annelies "Anne" Marie Frank (12 June 1929 - early March 1945), also known as Anne Frank. She is one of the most discussed victims of the Jewish genocide in the Second World War. She became famous by writing a diary during the war when she was submerging in Amsterdam. In her diary she writes about her experiences during the German occupation in the Netherlands. The diary, which was given to Anne on her thirteenth birthday, chronicles her life from 12 June 1942 until 1 August 1944. She gained international fame posthumously after her father published the diary.

The Frank family moved from Germany to Amsterdam when the Nazis gained control over Germany. They went into hiding in concealed rooms where Anne's father (Otto Frank) worked. After two years of hiding, they were betrayed, by an unknown person, and transported to concentration camps. Anne and her sister (Margot Frank) died eventually of typhus in March, 1945. Anne her mother (Edith Frank-Holl채nder) died of starvation at the age of forty-four. Otto Frank was the only person of the family who survived.

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Berlage Lyceum - The Netherlands

He returned to Amsterdam after the war to find that Anne's diary had been saved. He made the effort to publish the diary. It was first translated from Dutch to English (The Diary of a Young Girl) and later on in many languages.

A famous sentence of Anne her diary is: "Hoe mooi is het dat niemand een moment hoeft te wachten, voordat hij kan beginnen met het verbeteren van de wereld." Translaties in English: "How wonderful it is that nobody needs to wait a single moment before starting to improve the world."

He fulfilled this function until 2013. Beside this he had a seat in the supervisory board of Ajax from June 2011 till April 2012. Johan Cruijff represents human love for us, because everyone over the whole world knows him.

Football brings people together.

Human love Hendrik Johannes (Johan) Cruijff (Amsterdam, 25 April 1947), also known as Johan Cruijff, is a Dutch former football player and coach. He is known as one of the best football players of all times in the world.

After twenty years of being a professional football player playing for Ajax and Barcelona he became a football coach for Ajax in 1985. In 1988 he resigned and became trainer of Barcelona. His team was known as 'the Dream Team'. In 1996 he quit his trainer career and dedicated himself as a benefactor. He set up some various social institutions that focused mainly on youth and sports. In 2009 he decided to pick up his trainer ship again.

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An evaluation of the questionnaire about smell in the Netherlands These are the most remarkable answers: - How difficult is it to describe a smell in words?

You have 3 options to choose: very difficult, a bit difficult and quite easy. The most logical answer in my opinion is very difficult because smells doesn't have any colour or something. And so does the results say that the majority have said very difficult. And the minority said quite easy.

Berlage Lyceum - The Netherlands

-Did you know that a fragrance, for example, a perfume, has different scents according to the skin it's in?

72% said yes, I did know it. And 28% said no I didn't.

-in your opinion, which of the following have stronger senses of smell, people or animals?

If you ever had biology or ever looked to national geographic, then you would know that animals have stronger sense of smell than people. And that is what we see in the result. 90% of the people questioned have said that animals have better sense of smell than people (good to know). 4% said that people have stronger sense of smell and 1% said I don't know.

The majority said though that they've developed their sense of smell stronger and the minority said that it's weaker developed.

And 3% said equally developed.

- In your opinion, does the daily use of aerosol cosmetic and cleaning sprays contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer?

In this case most of the people questioned have answered 'yes'. And the minority said 'no'. It's good to know that the majority said yes because this tells us that they know that cosmetics and cleaning sprays are bad for the ozone layer. And if they are environmentally friendly they will decrease use of these sprays.

- Who has a better sense of smell, women or men?

Most of the people said women have better sense of smell instead of men. The problem in this case is that we don't know which group answered this questionnaire, men of women? But the end-results said that the Dutch believe that women have a better sense of smell - According to you, how well developed is a blind person's sense of smell compared to sighted people?

It has been proven that people who can't see have stronger developed sense of smell than people who can see. A lot of Dutch people didn't know this.

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Berlage Lyceum - The Netherlands

- If you are at a local market and you have found a new food product. What would you do?

The majority said that they would look at it and touch it or look at it and feel the fragrance. It is good to know that 0% would taste it because they might don't know what it is made of.

- Do you think that use of fragrances in shops can attract more costumers and therefore contribute to an increase in sales?

The biggest group of the questioned people said in this case: yes! The group that said yes exists of 80%. The I-don't-know-group exists of 12% and the no-group exists of 8%

- Can you guess how many different smells a person can "remember"?

The results of this question: most of the people questioned said around 10.000. The minority of these people said over 10.000.

And the people questioned between the minority and the majority said to 5.000 - How long do you think the human brain can keep the memory of a specific smell?

90% of the people questioned said: for a long time. 4% said I don't know and the other 6% said for a short time.

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- Would you agree that the human sense of taste is in the nose and not in the mouth?

Also here the majority exists of people who said yes. And the minority said I don't know. I think it's good that the minority had answered I don't know. Because it means that people know how their sense of taste functions in their body.

Priekule ieva Simonaityte Gymnasium - Lithuania

Questionnaire We have recently made a questionnaire about the smell and gave it to our students. There was a total of fifty answers and we summarized them to see the general trends of what 50 students in Lithuania think about the influence of the smell in their lives. The answers to the introductory question were much diversified. Students were asked what senses they use the most when they have to decide whether the new product is worth buying or not. Almost the same amount of student's touches or just looks at the product and only 6% smells it. This shows that people don't see fragrance as the main sign of a worth to buy item. That explains the answers to the following question shown in the graph below:

However students who participated in the questionnaire were united about the positive effect of the fragrance when asked about the use of it in the shops to increase sales, or if it is used as a cure by aroma therapists.

The next part of the questionnaire checked students' scientific knowledge about the smell. It is not surprising that majority of students answered that animals have stronger sense of smell than people (82%) and that daily use of aerosol cosmetics and cleaning sprays contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer (76%). Also 74% of participants answered that blind people have stronger developed sense of smell compared to sighted people.

In the last part of the questionnaire students stated their opinion on the importance of smell in their lives.

As you can see in the pie chart, 92% of respondents think that the sense of smell is at least a little important and for 19 of our students (38% of all participants) it is very important in their lives even though 43 of 50 students find it is difficult to describe the smell itself in words.

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Priekule ieva Simonaityte Gymnasium - Lithuania

Scents of Lithuania „Scent is a strong emotional factor which invokes memories and associations. Therefore, there are no bad or good scents until the moment we grant them a meaning and relate them to our experiences.

Our memory can preserve separate scents or their combinations and sequences. Most people can recall the scent of their childhood, homeland, heroic adventures or first love. Scents can remind us of the countries we have visited, the people we have met and the experiences we have had."

Lithuanian F.I.V.E. team strongly agrees with this quote. We believe that scent, as all other human senses is very important to us, and everybody associate some scents with their lives. One of the most important things for a person is his or her home. Not that home where you actually live the house your family owns, etc., but the country, the home country, land where one is born and raised. Knowing that, it is not surprising that we tend to associate some smells or scents with our country, our homeland, region or just the place where we belong. To us it's Lithuania.

Lithuania has always been a mixture of everything wonderful to each of us. It's countryside that we see everyday, sea, rivers, cities, buildings, forests... In Lithuania nature mixes up with urban life and all of that comes into one great unity that could be called „our beloved modern, but natural Lithuania". This natural-modern Lithuania, of course, has many specific scents. Actually it is really hard to decide which scent is more Lithuanian-like than the other, but after long discussions we finally decided...

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RASPBERRY: sour-sweet smell of raspberry r e p r e s e n ts b i g , d e n s e forests of Lithuanian. Since it's beginning - the 13th century, our country was known as the country of impassable forests and the smell of one of the most liked berries in Lithuania perfectly describes it.

AMBER: it is almost a tradition if you come to Lithuania, you must get souvenir with Lithuanian amber. Our town Priekule is just 25 kilometers away from the Baltic sea that's where all Lithuanian amber Baltic „gold" comes from. The specific soft smell of it reminds every Lithuanian of their homeland anytime and anywhere.

Priekule ieva Simonaityte Gymnasium - Lithuania

MINT AND CHAMOMILE: ask any Lithuanian which traditional tea you should try when visiting we are 99% sure that you will be suggested to try fresh mint or chamomile tea, that somebody's grandmother has picked and dried.

Smell of mint or chamomile reminds us of our nature, oldest traditions of picking the herbs and drying them for the winter that our ancestors left for us...

HONEY: Nothing could be a better reminder o f a greatest Lithuanian summer than a f r e s h „ h o m e m a d e " honey.

Lithuanian farmers a n d landowners from the oldest days kept huge amounts of bees in their homesteads... This tradition is still alive until these days, so it is not surprising, how we associate the sweet smell of honey with our home and country...

PINE: with it's great Baltic sea, our region can be proud of greatest sand dunes in a whole Europe, which are located in the Curonian Spit (Neringa). Dunes are not only sand with nothing else they are very well-noticed also because of the big pines that grow on them.

When you walk through the dunes towards the sea it is impossible to not notice t h e wonderful soft, fresh and kind of spicy smell pines that is one more most popular „scent of Lithuania".

Overall these are only a few and most popular scents of Lithuania and our region that we could mark out. Although they are not all - we are sure that you've got the picture. Lithuania country with a d e e p traditions and high values of it's ancient culture kept to these days.

That is what we base all o u r associations with our country on - including smell, taste, sight, touch or hearing.

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Priekule ieva Simonaityte Gymnasium - Lithuania

Smell We believe that smell, as all other human senses is very important to us, it reminds us experiences, people, places. Soap with our native smells is a convenient way to get into people's mind and invoke memories about us and our job done here, on F.I.V.E! Our soap making process was very interesting, sometimes funny or even dangerous!

Soap making Preparation is a very important part in soap making. To get a quality product we need to prepare for everything and react fast. We used things such as glasses, breathing mask, gloves and we could have experience very bad outcome we had some incidents when the glass which we were making soap suddenly broke and our soap had just burned out in seconds.

We have prepared our native "smell" MINT. Soap is a complicated combination of many ingredients, so it is very important to accurately measure its quantities. Once we have our ingredients in one place, we can start making soap!

We have chosen to not use mixer and other electric things to make process faster. We 31

experienced a lot while we were mixing everything with a wooden spatula, not with a mixer. This way soap making is a longer process, but everyone can get in touch with it in that time. To make a quality soap you need to be patient and everything happens itself.

Our F.I.V.E team hopes that our soap will remind us and our country for you!

Priekule ieva Simonaityte Gymnasium - Lithuania

Dictionary of values Quotations Tolerance means to tolerate or put up with differences. It means showing respect for the race, religion, age, gender, opinions, and ideologies of other people or groups. This concept means different things to different people, but it is when something is disagreeable that tolerance is expected, and in more politically correct cultures, demanded. We Priekule Ieva Simonaityte gymnasium students involved in the project F.I.V.E, a few days ago, looking for a variety of sources: newspapers, magazines, internet and search famous Lithuanian people's thoughts and speech about tolerance. We found a lot of beautiful and philosophical thoughts about dictionaries. But the greatest impression was Veronika, Vanda and Vytautas told citations.

The one traditionalist Lithuanian singer, one of the country's most celebrated musicians and folk music historians, she as a participant and leader of numerous folklore concerts and expeditions, she performs with her hair wrapped in the traditional white wimple head wrap and promotes her heritage and ethnographic pursuits in many most unexpected ways this V e r o n i k a Povilioniene. She said, that: "Traditions are the same, what we are ourselves".

Other famous Lithuanian person is a writer, who graduated from the Lithuanian language and literature at the university in 1972 and since 1975 she teaches education at the University of Vilnius, works in the press, this is Vanda Juknaite. She is a sensitive writer, as attentive as a personality, her works describe social problems. She invites to discuss the most important humanitarian values of the responsibility not only for themselves or another person, but also for the whole world, about the value of human love. When she was asked about tolerance, Vanda said that "Tolerance which doesn't feel its limits, shall be equal to apathy."

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Priekule ieva Simonaityte Gymnasium - Lithuania

One of the most famous Lithuanian conservative politician and Member of the European Parliament is Vy t a u t a s Landsbergis which was the first head of s t a t e o f Lithuania after i t s independence declaration from the Soviet Union, and served as the Head of the Lithuanian Parliament S e i m a s .

Professor Landsbergis is an intellectual who has been active in Lithuania's political arena for almost two decades, and is a notable politician who helped contribute to the demise of the Soviet Union. He has written twenty books on a variety of topics. One of them we found interesting idea about tolerance. He said that „The first principle of democracy is tolerance, living in exchange of critical ideas".

We can say that each famous Lithuanian person has a different understanding and applies tolerance in life.

But then we will the whole idea link into one large thought, we have got the one and only - tolerance means to tolerate or put up with differences.

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THE COMMENTS ABOUT RESULTS OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE ON SMELL Between the last meeting in Poland and the meeting in Bulgaria our project's school participants were to fulfill the questionnaire about the sense of smell. The questions touched various aspects of the sense and the answers were also different and sometimes unpredictable. Here are the results. We have chosen the most surprising and worth mentioning ones.

The first question answered was about what is important when you buy a product. Most of the questionnaire participants chose the touch option as the most popular (34%). Only 14% think that smell, fragrance of the product is vital.

In the question number three majority of students said that the use of fragrances in shops can attract more customers and therefore contribute to an increase in sales (54%). We think that it's true because commonly known results of the sales depend on their attractiveness and the attractiveness depend rather an look or touch of a product .

Number four question is about aromatherapy .

Most of the students agree that the aromatherapy has a positive effect on the physical and mental health of a person (52%).

According to the scientist, every person can remember around 10 000 smells . Only 24% of the our students think the same . Most of us thought it was around 5 000 smells (54%) The results of the question number nine are not surprising and they strongly confirm that animals have stronger senses of smell than the people(54% of the answers) The question number eleven was about who has a better sense of smell women or men. 40% of the people answering were undecided about the above, however 38% still think women have better sense of smell.

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In the next question our students appeared to be fully environmentally friendly. They know that aerosol cosmetics and cleaning sprays damage the ozone layer (48%), but the question is do we do something to eliminate it?

The last question to mention was about the

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importance of the sense of smell .Most of the participants think that the sense of smell is either very important (38%) or important (28%) To sum up, the sense of smell appeared to be crucial in our lives. It is a kind of connection of

MAKING OF THE SOAP AND ITS PACKAGING For the production of soaps we prepared 100g of olive oil, 50g of rapeseed oil, 20g of castor oil and 200g of lard.

The first step was to melt the solid fat, then pour the oil successively. The mixture must be cool to 45 掳C. Remember always be careful and use a protective skin and eyes

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Into a special test tube we poured 140,6g of water and 47,3g of sodium hydroxide .

Here we mixed the lye to clarify, and then cool it to 40掳C (Celsius degree) Then we mixed fats with lye, checking the temperatures of both the solutions are equal. We blended it until it had a consistency of warm pudding.

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Here we added the lavender oil and a teaspoon of curcuma to make our soap have a nice colour and flavour.

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And we made the boxes for our soaps. Here they are:

Now we poured the solution to the molds. The soaps were beautified with seashells and dried flowers. Then, gently the air was removed and wrapped in a thick towel. They were left for about 48 hours.

After removal from the molds it matured 3-4 weeks. The reaction was completed and it lost weight and its strong alkaline reaction.

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RESEARCH AND WORK ON THE BLOG ON VALUES Jan Paweł II- the first Polish pope „Prawo do życia nie jest tylko kwestią światopoglą du, nie jest t y l k o prawem religijnym, ale jest praw e m człowieka."

"The right to life is not just a matter of belief, not just the religious right, but is a human right." „Nie sposób inaczej zrozumieć człowieka, jak w tej wspólnocie jaką jest naród." "It is impossible to understand human in different way, as in the community that is the nation." „Musicie od siebie wymagać, nawet gdyby inni od Was nie wymagali…" "You must demand from yourself, even if others do not demand from you. " „Nienawiść nigdy nie będzie miała w świecie ostatniego słowa" "Hate, will have never had the last word in the world." „Przyszłość zaczyna się dzisiaj, nie jutro" "The future starts today, not tomorrow".

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Lech Wałęsa - Polish politician and tradeunion organizer, human- rights activist, the Polish President between 1990 and 1995, Nobel Peace Prize Laureate in 1983. „Jestem za, a nawet przeciw."

"I am for, and even against." „Dobrze się stało, że źle się stało."

"Good happened that bad happened than the changes happened."

Ks. Jan Twardowski - Roman Catholic priest and Polish writer of today, very famous in Polish society, a lot of people follow his ideas. " Serce to jeszcze za mało żeby kochać. " " The heart is not enough to love. " „Śpieszmy się kochać ludzi, tak szybko odchodzą" „Hurry up to love the others, they pass away too quickly.

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Tadeusz Mazowiecki - Polish author, journalist, philanthropist and Christiandemocratic politician, formerly one of the leaders of the Solidarity movement, and the first noncommunist prime minister in Central and Eastern Europe since 1946. " Przeszłość odkreślamy grubą linią." " The past is marked off by the thick line and there is the new one. " Jan Kochanowski - Polish Renaissance poet who established poetic patterns that would become integral to the Polish literary language. " To p a n , zdaniem moim, Kto przestał na swoim. " " This is the Landlord, in my opinion, who had the last word . "

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Mikołaj Rej - Polish poet and prose writer of the emerging Renaissance in Poland as it succeeded the Middle Ages, as well as a politician and musician. „Polacy nie gęsi i swój język mają" "The Poles are not geese and they have their own language" Czesław Miłosz - poet, prose writer, and translator of Lithuanian origin, Polish lawyer and diplomat, poet, novelist, essayist, literary historian. Nobel Prize in Literature in 1980. „Nadziei k a ż d y m u s i szukać sam dla siebie.

Nie ma żadnej powszec h n e j recepty" "Hope must be looked for by everyone but by himself/herself. There is no universal recipe " 38

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Adam Mickiewicz - Polish national poet, dramatist, essayist, publicist, translator, professor of Slavic literature, and political activist . „Nie ten jest egoistą, kto od ludzi stroni, ale ten kto za bliźnim jak za łupem goni." „The egoist it is not a person who avoids people, but the one who follows the other human being for prey." „Kto nigdy nie dotknął ziemi ni razu, ten nigdy nie może być w niebie." "Who has never touched the ground ever once, can never be in heaven."

Katarzyna Nosowska - polish singer who is the leader of the most popular rock polish band "Hey" „Ja jestem z tych, co nakrywają głowy kołdrą; z tych, którym strach uniemożliwia oddychanie." "I am the one who covers the head with a duvet, the one that the fear prevents breathing."

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OTHER ACTIVITIES WE HAVE CARRIED OUT: VVF Pollena Henkel- The Polish soap The first concrete evidence we have of soap-like substance is dated around 2800 BC., the first soap makers were Babylonians, Mesopotamians, Egyptians, as well as the ancient Greeks and Romans. All of them made soap by mixing fat, oils and salts. Soap wasn't made and use for bathing and personal hygiene but was rather produced for cleaning cooking

In our neighborhood there are a lot of factories which produce different kinds of soaps. Thanks to the kindness of one of them we visited such a place. Here are some photos.

We experienced the so called 'hot process' of making the soaps. Where the reaction takes place near the boiling point, and the 'fully boiled process', wherein the reactants are boiled at least once and the glycerol is recovered.

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TRADITIONAL SONG AND DANCE The game is called 'I have got a tissue' and it is an old children's and an integration game. Long time ago it was the most popular game among Polish children.

Nowadays it is very popular to perform it

Typically soapmakers choose the hot process methods if they wish to remove the cure time to a three-day air dry process. Most soapmakers, however, continue to prefer the cold process method. The glycerine is left during the hot-process method, but at the high temperature employed, the reaction is p r a c t i c a l l y completed in the kettle, before the soap is poured into moulds. This simple and quick process is employed in

The next popular highlanders' song and dance is "The mountaineers sowed oats" . These kinds of songs are designed with emotions and feelings those better or worse. The texts are always with the meaning or message.

We in the factory The Polish Comenius team 40

Colegiul Comercial Carol I - Romania

Soap making Back home, we had a lot of fun making the soap, we have worked for several days, gathering the materials we needed, thinking about what scent we would use and everyone did their part of the job. It was interesting and we really had a good time.. you can take a look of what we've done:

The process of making soap was the most attractive and fun activity because it is not every day that you get to make natural soap!!!

We started by having some word from the teacher of Chemistry we learned what a base is, what sodium hydrate can do if added to a boiling mixture of vegetal fats and then we put theory into practice! The result was overwhelming and surprising to everybody and it made us very proud. We had two different types of soap made natural soap with sea salt and natural soap with wild berry fragrance.

This recipe is fast and economical. The resulting soap is very hard, easily breakable, but very special: it cleans, exfoliates and detoxifies skin and makes creamy pleasant foam.

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It combines the beneficial effects of sea salt with the pleasant and relaxing fragrance of lavender, making it a true spa product.

Ingredients:

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375 gr. coconut oil !

50 gr. olive oil !

50 gr. palm oil !

25 gr. ricin oil !

500 gr. sea salt !

179 gr. distilled water !

81 gr. sodium hydrate !

30 ml. lavender essential oil

The Natural Soap Our natural soap with wild berries fragrance can be used by people with very sensitive skin because it does not contain any substances that can produce allergies. It contains wild berries, with a beneficial effect on human skin, nourishing and relaxing it.

This soap is made following a light thermal treatment and uses a special pressing technology. Thanks to this technology, the natural ingredients, the plant and natural fruit extracts, the aromatic oils, and the active substances, undergo only minimum transformation so as to maximize the beneficial effect of the active substances upon human skin. The soap does not contain colorants, artificial aromas, or any animal origin substances.

Colegiul Comercial Carol I - Romania

Debating After the Comenius Meeting in Romania, more and more students wanted to join the debates sessions and we have established weekly debating meetings, coordinated by our teachers.

We continued our sessions of debating and tried to attract new students towards what is becoming one of our most attractive activities. We started to enjoy debating because it provides a platform for us to express our views on various topics, as well as the necessary rules for polite and effective dialogue and exchange of ideas.

This term we focused on themes related to the sense of smell and the memories triggered by various smells, as well as "hot" topics having to do with school life and rules in our school.

Romanian values Family represents an important Romanian value. In fact, Romania is a family-focused society. Romanians appreciate the long term relations based on trust, respect and loyalty. These are attributes they learn to appreciate early in their childhood.

Religion plays an important role in the life of the Romanian people. Most of them are members of the Orthodox Church.

Identity - Romanian persons are proud of their country, customs, history, national heritage and heroes. They respect their past.

Even if some of them work outside the country, a part of Romania will always be with them.

Romanian people are extremely friendly and expressive when they talk. They are Latin, therefore they are not cold persons. They are comfortable with hugs and kisses on the cheek when greeting or departing.

Handshaking is the most popular form of greeting.

W h e n a Romanian man is introduced to a woman, he will probably kiss her h a n d .

Romanians smile every time they meet their friends or colleagues on the street.

If you are going to pay a visit to a friend, it is common to offer a small gift: flowers (in odd number) or some chocolate.

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Colegiul Comercial Carol I - Romania

Romanian Personalities

NADIA COMĂ NECI - GYMNAST MIHAI EMINESCU- OUR NATIONAL POET In March 1976, Comăneci competed in the inaugural edition of the American Cup at Madison Square Garden in New York.

She received rare scores of 10, which signified a perfect routine without any deductions, on vault in both the preliminary and final rounds of competition and won the all-around.

GEORGE ENESCU - MUSICIAN George Enescu (19 August 1881, Liveni 4 May 1955, Paris) was a R o m a n i a n composer, violinist, pianist, conductor and t e a c h e r. M a n y o f Enescu's works were influenced by Romanian folk music, his most popular compositions being the two Romanian Rhapsodies (1912), the opera Œdipe (1936), and the suites for orchestra. He also wrote five symphonies (two of them unfinished),and much chamber music.

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Mihai Eminescu (born Mihail Eminovici; 15 January 1850 15 June 1889) was a Romantic poet, novelist and journalist, often regarded as the most famous and influential Romanian poet.

His poems span a large range of themes, from nature and love to hate and social commentary.

His childhood years were evoked in his later poetry with deep nostalgia. Eminescu was influenced by the work of Arthur Schopenhauer, and some have suggested that his most notable poem, Luceafărul, includes elements of Vedic cosmogony. Eminescu's poems have been translated in over 60 languages. His life, work and poetry strongly influenced the Romanian culture and his poems are widely studied in Romanian public schools. He was soon proclaimed Romania's national poet, not because he wrote in an age of national revival, but rather because he was received as an author of paramount significance by Romanians in all provinces. Even today, he is considered the national poet of Romania, Moldova, and of the Romanians who live in the Ukrainian part of Bucovina.

Colegiul Comercial Carol I - Romania

CONSTANTIN BRÂNCUŞI SCULPTOR Constantin Brâncuși (February 19, 1876 March 16, 1957) was a Romanian-born sculptor who made his career in France. As a c h i l d h e displayed an aptitude for carving wooden farm tools.

Formal studies took him first to Bucharest, then to Munich, then to the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. His abstract style emphasizes clean geometrical lines that balance forms inherent in his materials with the symbolic allusions of representational art. Famous Brâncuși works include the Sleeping Muse (1908), The Kiss (1908), Prometheus (1911), Mademoiselle Pogany (1913), The Newborn (1915), Bird in Space (1919) and The Column of the Infinite (Coloana infinitului), popularly known as The Endless Column (1938). Considered the pioneer of modernism, Brâncuși is called the patriarch of modern sculpture.

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Sredno obshtoobrazovatelno uchiliste “Vasil Levski” - Bulgaria

We are the Bulgarian partner - Secondary School “Vasil Levski”, which is situated in a small town Kula. This is in the Northwest of Bulgaria.

The famous Bulgarian rose

Results of the

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Bulgaria is famous all over the world for its roses and rose oil.

The rose have a unique flavour and quality and because of it the perfume with the rose fragrance is produced in Bulgaria and its rose oil is the most sought.

Sredno obshtoobrazovatelno uchiliste “Vasil Levski” - Bulgaria

The Bulgarian soap We made soap with lard, added colors and essential oils of lavender and rose oil.

We mixed it, blended it and let it harden.

Soap in our hands...

Our products

Let’s start with the packaging of the soap!

Here are our suggestions for packaging and packaging soaps which we made for this project.

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Sredno obshtoobrazovatelno uchiliste “Vasil Levski� - Bulgaria

More of our activities

Preparation for...

...the festival

A big group in nature walks

...the debates

Following an aroma

The Bulgarian Comenius team 47

8 Geniko Lykeio Volos - Greece

8th Geniko Lykeio of Volos Debate sessions

Our team

Once again...practising on

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8 Geniko Lykeio Volos - Greece

Workshop on the sense of smelling

Researching on local herbs and plants Pelion is a famous mountain near our city, Volos. Mt. Pelion's herbs have been very well known since the ancient time. According to Greek mythology centaur Chiron, who was half man and half horse, was a famous teacher and doctor who used this herbs to cure the diseases.

The most widespread herbs of our region The chamomile (Χαμομήλι) It alleviates the stomach and throat aches

Trying to guess what it is

The rosemary (Δεντρολίβανο) It is used as a cooking

The oregano (Ρίγανη) It gives an excellent smell to our greek horiatiki salad

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8 Geniko Lykeio Volos - Greece

The Gardenia (Γαρδένια) A marvelous plant with extraordinary smell

Making soaps The procedure that we followed was we first counted 75gr of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in a vessel, then we added 150gr water and then we poured the mixture in to 500gr olive oil. We ended up stirring for ages the mixture in order to have a successful result. At last we poured the mixture in to small plastic glasses.

Preparing packages

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8 Geniko Lykeio Volos - Greece

Questionnaires

Rehearsing our traditional dances

Who has a better sense of smell?

Wom en Men I Don't Know

How would you grade the importance of smell in your life?

Very Im portant Im portant Of Little Importance

Quotes

Unim portant

These are some samples of our research: “We see ancient cultural chains broken, past traditions crumble and wonderful special characteristics wither away” - Melina Merkouri “Be patient and tolerant” - Epiktitos 51

Manisa Anadolu Ogretmen Lisesi - Turkey

DRAWING WITH BLENDER FOR THE ONLINE GAME After the meeting, we introduced the work that the students should do till the Bulgarian meeting. Two students, Mahmut Akyol and Abdullah Halid Bal voluntarily took part in the activity. First they downloaded the blender soft programme and they were told what to do. They decided to draw an ancient temple, where in old days people used to pray; a cage which was used to keep the prisoners inside; a

HOW WE MADE OLIVE OIL SOAP BARS

As the part of the F.I.V.E. Project task we got ready for making it. We searched the necessary information about the recipe for making soap on the net and got ideas and opinions from the experienced people around our neighbourhood. One of them was my mother-in-law and she was really helpful when we had difficulties while weighing the ingredients, which are called caustic soda, olive oil, water and fragrance.

We applied the hot method. That is; we melted the 1,5 kg caustic soda in hot water in a large pan and 7 liters of olive oil. We mixed the chemical mixture for about ten minutes or more, it reached to the right consistency and then, we take it out with a scoop into the trays. As soon as we started smoothing the hot mixture, we dressed it with a stick and let it cool.

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Manisa Anadolu Ogretmen Lisesi - Turkey

The following morning, nearly after 12 hours we cut it into small bars and put them on a hard card. Sometime later, they became hard and we packed them in a colourful papers and transparent tulle curtain.

We think that we got the basic results of the chemical reaction in the end between the oil and caustic soda. But you have to have the right measurements for making it well. The choice of ingredients and the accuracy of the measurements is changeable from person to person.

We are proud of ourselves making such natural bars of soap and we felt that we succeeded something good at this age.

Thanks to everyone who helped us and forced us to do such a wonderful task for the young people. We hope that it will open minds to new horizons in the near future.

Huseyin Yigit Anadolu Ogretmen Lisesi, Manisa

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THE HISTORY OF MESIR According to the story about the origins of Mesir paste; AyĹ&#x;e Hafsa Sultan, who became the wife of Yavuz Sultan Selim and the mother of Suleyman the Magnificent after her placement from Crimea to the Ottoman Harem in the 16th c e n t u r y, became very ill after the death of her husband.

Unfortunately d o c t o r s couldn't find a cure thus Sultan Suleyman consulted Merkez Muslihiddin Efendi, the head of the theological school belonging to the Yavuz Selim Mosque He was already making medicines using herbs and spices for the sick people and built a small sort of hospital next to the school. After receiving Suleyman's letter regarding his ill mother, he mixed 41 different types of plants and spices together to form a medicinal paste and sent it to the palace.

When Hafsa Sultan ate this paste, she was recovered and wanted to share this miraculous medicine with others. As requests from the people increased, the Sultan told Merkez Efendi to distribute the paste to the people every year in a form of festivity. For this, 22nd of March was selected because it symbolized the beginning of Spring, and the tops of the Sultan Mosque's domes and minarets were chosen for its location.

Manisa Anadolu Ogretmen Lisesi - Turkey

The Mesir Celebration began this way in around 1527-28. Since then, every year on or around March 21st, which is known as Spring festival Newroz thousands of people gather in front of the Sultan Mosque to catch the Mesir Paste wrapped in paper and thrown from mosques rooftop.

THE QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS It is the first and the most effective activity for the meeting which will be held in Bulgaria. With this questionnaire, the students and teachers learned and motivated on main topic of the meeting about smell.

W e implemented the questions to the students and teachers in total with 50 participants. To say the truth that there are some questions causing discussion between the students and teachers so they found out scientific and reasonable explanations to the questions by using detailed chemical knowledge.

There are common answers for all participants as in the followings. All participants are sure that females are more sensitive than males on smell and blind people use their sense of smell more effectively than sighted people. The students searched that if a human being loses one of the senses the other one will improve much better than the others.

Trip to Bulgaria Our journey started with meeting at our school, Manisa Anadolu Öğretmen Lisesi excitedly. Our families were with us to see off. Then, we went to Izmir Central Bus Station and we got on the bus to Haskova, a city of Bulgaria. 9 hours later, we arrived Kapıkule Customs point with a cold and foggy weather. However, we were happy to meet with new friends from several European countries. We changed the bus there. Three hours later, we reached Sofia, capital city of Bulgaria. Until 12.30, we walked around and searched the city center.

Then we got on the bus with other partners.

After a long and tiring travel, we arrived the final destination, Kula/Vidin.The host families met us in front of the school and they showed Bulgarian hospitality.

The students : Beril Erim, Mahmut Akyol, Abdullah Halid Bal, Özgem Uysal, Ahmet Salih Deniz 54

Manisa Anadolu Ogretmen Lisesi - Turkey

The Turkish team

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Global comment on the questionnaires on Smell implemented in the partner institutions The importance of smell in people's daily life The first category is associated to the importance of smell in people's daily life and the great majority of people combine all the senses while choosing a product to buy. The aroma of a product can, most of the time, define its quality and people say that they smell the product at least sometimes before buying it. The aromatherapy, the use of essential oils in therapies, has, based on the people's answers, positive effects on our minds and bodies such as reduction of the feeling of agitation in patients who suffer from dementia, improve the life quality of patients with cancer among other benefits.

People agree that animals have the strongest sense of smell and the truth is that the animals have a much better olfactory skill than humans. According to the scientist, the bear has the best sense of smell of all the terrestrial mammals followed by other animals like the sharks and elephants.

Inside the human's category of who has the best sense of smell, Portuguese people think the women have it stronger. The largest group of people confirm that blind

people hear, touch and smell better than the sighted people and in fact it is true. The senses are extremely important in our life.

Without them life would be harder and meaningless and the sense of smell has a big importance in the majority of people's lives.

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Marketing Almost 70% of people chose the option “Yes” to answer to the 3rd question which was: “Do you think that the use of fragrances in shops can attract more customers and therefore contribute to an increase in sales?” By the other side, almost 15% of people answered “No” but the last ones are scientifically wrong, because is proved that the aromas can influence the customer to buy a product and consequently the shops can increase the sales because the customers will buy the product by the same way.

At the question “Would you like to receive information about what ingredients to use in order to make organic cosmetic products, such as soap?” which was the 5th, about 62% of people answered that would like to get that kind of information and only 11% of people chose the opposite answer. The first ones are correct related to the statistics taken by the questionnaires that were implemented previously in all over the world.

Environmental concern More than a half of the inquired people answered positively to the 12th question which was: “Does the daily use of aerosol cosmetics and cleaning spray contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer?” This group of people is according to the scientific arguments about the causes of the depletion of the ozone layer. The science has as causes of this reduction: the greenhouse gases that 57

cleaning sprays emit to the atmosphere; the aerosol cosmetics which also emit gases that cause reduction of the ozone layer; and much other things.

The impact smell has on people's minds With the second group of questions we can believe that the sense of smell has a huge impact on people's minds. The majority of the people questioned believe that a person can remember around 10 000 smells. Specialists affirm that a person can remember around 10 400 smells. Furthermore, the people who answered consider that the human brain can keep the memory of a specific smell for a long time. The last question of this category was related to the difficulty of describing a smell, in which we understood that describing a smell in words is something very difficult for almost everyone.

The impact smell has on people's minds With the third category of questions we can conclude that the people questioned believe that smell has a huge impact on people's minds. Almost everyone thinks that a person can remember around 10 000 smells, except the ones who consider we can remember to 5 000 or over 10 000. However, specialists affirm that a person can remember from 10 000 to 10 400 smells. Also, almost everyone believes that the human brain can keep the memory of a specific smell for a long time, while just a few think the opposite. Furthermore, most of the people questioned consider that describing a smell in words it's a bit difficult or very difficult though the minority supposes that it is quite easy

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Let’s meet in Priekule once again!

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There, we will share our knowledge on Hearing...

Hope is the thing with feathers That perches in the soul, And sings the tune--without the words, And never stops at all, And sweetest in the gale is heard; And sore must be the storm That could abash the little bird That kept so many warm.

I've heard it in the chillest land, And on the strangest sea; Yet, never, in extremity, It asked a crumb of me.

Emily Dickinson was an American poet who wrote over 1,800 poems during her life, but fewer than twelve of them were published before she died.

This poem’s most famous lines are in the first stanza that compares hope to a bird. According to scholars, Dickinson’s rhyme, also called slant rhyme, isn’t traditional – for example, in lines two and four that end in soul and all. Sometimes this is called near rhyme or half rhyme. If we analyse her meter, we will realise that it is also interesting and that it enables most of her poems – including this one - to be sung to the tune of Oh, Little Town of Bethlehem.

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Proprietor: Project F.I.V.E.

Reporters: Ana Carvalho, Ana Rita Ribeiro, André Moura, Fátima Lopes, Rafael Monteiro, Sara Costa, Sandra Marcos, Ariadna Porres, Paula Romarategui, Laura Gonzalez, Ana Margaide, Javier Ruiz, Dutch students, Lithuanian studnets, Polish students, Romanian students, Greek students, Beril Erim, Mahmut Akyol, Abdullah Halid Bal, Özgem Uysal, Ahmet Salih Deniz Collaborators: Armando Cunha, Elvira Pita, Lurdes Goitas, Gitana Mizgeriene, Polish teachers, Anghelina Dudan, Roxana Albu, Tudora Lungu, Iliyana Petkova Todorova, Miryana Lyubenova Velkova, Tsvetelina Petrova Slavcheva, Dimitrios Arampatzis, Efthymia Roppa,Elif Dirik, Güzin Alinmaz, Hüseyin Yigit, Ibrahim

Cover photos: Joana Cunha Layout: Belmira Pinto Editor: Pablo Berrozpe Coordinator school: Colegio Sagrado Corazón Carmelitas Ikastetxea Fueros 49 01005 Vitoria-Gasteiz Spain Telephone no.: 0034945282942 Fax no.: 0034945250488 Website: www.sagradocorazoncarmelitas.com April 2013

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Ferit Gezer.