Final hindu oli 18 03 by Finder 2000

ïªJ xË

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

2012 - kNfhw;rtk;

ïªJ xË

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

c átka«

Ôg« - 18

ïªJ xË

Rl® - 03

É#a tUl« g§FÅ¤ â§fŸ _‹wh« ehŸ (17.03.2014)

ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ

gŠr òuhz§fŸ âU¢á‰w«gy«

njthu« epiufoy; mutk; rpyk;nghyp ayk;Gk; epkyh; ePwzp jpUNkdp tiunfO kfNshh; ghfkhg; Gzh;e;j tbtpdh; nfhbazp tpilah; fiunfO re;Jk; fhufpw; gpsTk; msg;gUq; fdkzp tud;wpf; Fiufly; Xjk; epj;jpyk; nfhopf;Fk; Nfhzkh kiyakh;e; jhNu!

âUthrf«

NfhapYk; RidAk; flYld; #o;e;j Nfhzkhkiy mkh;e;jhNu!

MkhW cd; jpUtbf;Nf mfk; FioNad; md;GUNfd; g+khiy Gide;J Vj;Njd; Gfo;e;J ciuNad; Gj;Njsph; Nfhkhd; epd;jpUf; Nfhapy; JhNfd; nkONfd; $j;jhNld; rhkhNw tpiufpd;Nwd; rJuhNy rhh;thNd!

gQ;r <];tu jyq;fspy; xd;whf tpsq;Fk; jpUf; NfhNz];tu jpUj;jyj;jpd; rpwg;ig mwpahjth;fs; ,y;iy. ghly; ngw;w ngUikkpf;f ,j;jpUj;jyj;ij topghL nra;jhy; gy ed;ikfs; cz;lhFk; vd;gJ IjPfk;. Guhjd jpUf;Nfhapyhfpa ,j;jyk; vg;NghJ Njhw;wk; ngw;wJ vd;W vtUf;Fk; njhpahJ. ,yq;if Nte;jd; ,uhtzd; Kjy; gy khkd;dh;fs; fhyj;jpy; GfNohL tpsq;fpa ,j;jyk; Nghh;j;Jf;Nfahpd; tUifNahL Kw;whf mope;jJ. ,j; jpUf; Nfhapiy mopf;f Kw;gl;l Ntisapy; gilj; jsgjpahf ,Ue;jtd; nfhd;];iuld; vd;gtdhthd;. mofpa Ntiyg;ghLfSld; mike;jpUe;j ,e;jf; Nfhapiy cilf;f kdkpy;yhj NtisapYk; cilj;njwpa Ntz;Lk; vd;w cj;juit epiwNtw;Wtjw;F Kd;te;jhd;. mtdJ cs;sj;jpy; Vw;gl;l fiyAzh;T fhuzkhf nghpa fljhrp nahd;wpy; NfhNz];tuf; Nfhapypd; khjphp mikg;ig jd; iftz;zj;jhy; tiue;J itj;Jtpl;L ,bj;Jtpl;lhd;. njhlu;r;rp kWgf;fk;

âUÉir¥gh fw;wth; tpOq;Fq; fw;gff; fdpiaf; fiuapyhf; fUiz khfliy kw;wth; mwpah khzpf;f kiyia kjpg;gth; kdkzp tpsf;ifr; nrw;wth; Guq;fs; nrw;wntQ; rptidj; jpUtPop kpoiytPw; wpUe;j nfhw;wtd; jd;idf; fz;Lfz; Ls;sk; Fspuntd; fz;Fsph;e; jdNt!

âU¥gšyh©L jhijiaj; jhsw tPrpa rz;bf;fpt; mz;lj; njhLKlNd g+jyj; NjhUk; tzf;fg; nghw; NfhapYk; NghdfKk; mUspr; Nrhjp kzp Kbj; jhkKk; ehkKk; njhz;lh;f;F ehafKk; ghjfj; Jf;Fg; ghpR itj; jhDf;Nf gy;yhz;L $WJNk!

âU¡nfhnzÞtu

Mya kNfhw;rt rpwg;gpjo; ïy§ifÆš ghlš bg‰w jy« v‹w bgUik¡FÇa, Fiuflš Xj« Ã¤ây« bfhÊ¡F« nfhzkhkiyÆš vGªjUËÆU¡F« mUŸÄF khJik m«ghŸ rnkj nfhnzÞtu¥ bgUkh‹ âU¡nfhÆÈ‹ knfh‰rt¥ bgUÉHhitbah£oa áw¥ãjHhf “ïªJ xË” ia btËÆLtâš khk‹w« bgUk»œ¢áail»wJ.

âU¥òuhz« mz;zNy naidahz;L nfhz;lUspa mKNj tpz;zpNy kiwe;jUs; GhpNtj ehafNd fz;zpdhy; jpUf;ifapiy apypUe;j epd;Nfhyk; ez;zpehd; njhoeae; jUs;Ghp nadg;gzpj;jhh;! âU¢á‰w«gy« ïªJ xË

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

,e;j tiuglk; Nghye;J ehl;bYs;s Ehjdrhiyapy; ,g;NghJk; fhzg;gLtjhf gy mwpQh;fs; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sdh;. xg;gw;w ngUq;Nfhapy; ,bf;fg;gl;l Ntisapy; vjphpahfg; gilnaLj;jtd; cs;sj;jpy;$l mofpa Nfhapy; gw;wpa czh;T czh;r;rptrkhf ,Ue;jJ vd;gJ vk; ,jaj;ij njhLfpwJ. NfhNz];tug; ngUkhd; Nfhapy; jkpo;Nte;jh; fhyj;jpy; ,t;thW nropg;Gw;W tpsq;fpaJ vd;gij jpUKiwfs; kl;Lkd;wp ,j;jifa tuyhWfSk; Qhgf%l;Lfpd;wd. NfhNz];tug; ngUkhdpd; Mjpf;Nfhapy; fly;nfhz;lJ vd;w rhpj;jpuk; gyuhYk; $wg;gl;L tUtJ cz;ikNa. mjw;F Mjhukhf jpUNfhzkiy ,aw;ifj; JiwKfj;Jf;F mUNf flypd; mbapy; Ma;tpy; <Lgl;l gyh; gpukhz;lkhd fl;blq;fs; ,Ug;gij vLj;Jiuj;Js;sdh;. jw;NghJ ntspNa fhzg;gLk; NfhNz];tuh; Nfhapiytpl flYf;Fs; kiwe;jpUf;Fk; MjpNfhNz];tuh; Nfhapy; kpfg;nghpaJ vd Ma;thsh;fs; rpyh; ntspg;gLj;jpAs;sdh;.,aw;ifapd; rPw;wj;jhy; MjpNfhNz];tuh; flYf;F mbapy; mikjp nfhz;Ltpl;lhh;.,jid ep&gpf;Fk; tifapy; xU rk;gtk; ele;jpUf;fpwJ. rpy Mz;LfSf;F Kd;G Vw;gl;l Rdhkp mdh;j;jj;jpd; NghJ jpUNfhzkiy fly; miy vjph;tskhf vOe;J nrd;wJ.jpUNfhzkiyapd; kiyg;gFjpapy; epd;w flw;gilapdh; ,jidf; fz;Zw;wdh;.fly; miy vOe;J nrd;wNghJ mt;tplj;jpy; kpfg;nghpa fl;blq;fis jhk; fz;ljhf gj;jphpiffs; Clhf jkJ mEgtq;fis $wpapUe;jdh;. Rdhkp mdh;j;jj;jpdhy; Vw;gl;l caph;r; Nrjq;fs; gw;wpa Vf;fr; R+oypy; NfhNz];tuh; Nfhapy; flYf;Fs; njhpe;j fij nghpjhfg; Ngrg;gltpy;iy. NfhNz];tuh; Nfhapy; jpUg;gzpapy; Fsf;Nfhl;L kd;dd; <Lgl;bUe;jhd; vd;gjw;F rhd;whf xU fy;ntl;L fe;jsha; gFjpapy; fz;nlLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. me;jf; fy;ntl;L ld; rk;ge;jg;gl;l gy tplaq;fs; kiwf;fg;gl;L tpl;ld. fy;ntl;by; “Kd;D Fsf;Nfhl;ld; %l;L jpUg;gzp” vd;w thrfk; nghwpf;fg; gl;bUg;gjhf tuyhw;Wj;Jiw Nguhrphpah;fs; Mjhuq;fSld; ntspg;gLj;jp te;Js;sdh;. ,yq;ifr; rhpj;jpuj;jpy; kpf Kf;fpa ,lkhff; fUjg;gLk; jpUNfhzkiy irtj;jkpoh;fspd; Guhjd efuk; vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy. me;epah;fs; Ml;rp Kjy; ,d;Wtiu jpUNfhzkiy tuyhWfis mopg;gJk; gjpg;gJk; njhlh; fijahfNt cs;sJ. jpUNfhzkiyapYs;s fd;dpah nte;ePh; Cw;W kw;Wk; mjidr; R+o;e;j gFjpfs; ,g;NghJ mty epiyapy; ,Ug;gij mwpahjth;fs; ,y;iy. jpUNfhzkiy khtl;l kf;fs; gpJh;f;fld; epiwNtw;Wtjw;Fhpa ,uhtzd; fhyk; Kjy; Nghw;wg;gl;LtUk; fd;dpah nte;ePh; Cw;W R+oy; mgfhpf;fg;gl;L tUfpwJ. nte;ePh; Cw;Wf;F mUfpy; gyUf;F grpahw;wpa rz;Kfhde;j klk; mopj;njhopf;fg;gl;Ltpl;lJ. vd; nra;Nthk;? NfhNz];tug; ngUkhd; vd;Nwh xU tpbTjUthh; vd;w ek;gpf;ifAld; fhj;jpUg;Nghkhf!

thœ¤J rptdbNa rpe;jpf;Fk; rptdbahh; gjk; tho;f gtkJ ePq;f Nkyhk; gudUs; Ntz;bj; jtkJ Ghpe;J kw;Wk; juzpapYs;Nshh; vy;yhk; rptnewp topNa epd;W rPUld; ePLtho;f!

ïªJ xË

m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w btËpL É#a tUl« g§FÅ

17.03.2014

MáÇa® FG : âU. fªijah Úyf©l‹ irtPhdghD fyhÃâ MW. âUKUf‹ fyhÃâ K¤ijah fâ®fhkehj‹ át$ k. ghyifyhrehj r®kh âU. j. kndhfu‹ âU. m. fdfNÇa® xU ãuâÆ‹¬ Éiy %gh 50.00 tUlhªj¢ rªjh (cŸehL) %gh 300.00 (jgh‰ bryî jÅ) tUlhªj¢ rªjh (btËehL) US blhy® 15

m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w« A.C. H. C. f£ol«

91/5, nr® á‰w«gy« V. fh®od® kht¤ij, bfhG«ò - 2, ïy§if. ahœ gÂkid : 211/17, nfhÉš åâ, ešÿ®, ahœ¥ghz«. ïiza¤js« Ä‹dŠrš bjhiyngá

ïªJ xËÆš btËÆl¥g£LŸs f£LiufËš bjÇÉ¡f¥g£LŸs fU¤J¡fŸ M¡»nah‹fSilanj.

hindu oli

Issue of all ceylon hindu congress Pankuni 17.03.2014

Editorial Board : Mr. Kandiah Neelakandan Dr. Aru. Thirumurugan Dr. Muthiah Kathirgamanathan Sivasri M. Balakailasanatha Sarma Mr. D. Manoharan Mr. A. Kanagasooriar Price : Rs. 50.00 Annual Subscription (Inland) Rs. 300.00 (Excluding Postage) Annual Subscription (Foreign) U. S. $ 15 (Including Postage)

all ceylon hindu congress A.C.H.C. Bldg.

91/5, Sir Chittampalam A. Gardiner Mawatha Colombo - 2, Sri Lanka. Jaffna Office : 211/17, Temple Road, Nallur, Jaffna. Website : http://www.hinducongress.lk E-Mail : hinducongress@gmail.com Telephone No.: 011 2434990, Fax No.: 011 2344720

Views expressed in the articles in Hindu Oli are those of the contributors.

Next Issue

ISSN : 2012 - 9645 ïªJ xË

: http:/www.hinducongress.lk : hinducongress@gmail.com : 0112434990, bjhiyefš : 0112344720

SITHIRAI - VAIKASI 2

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

mUŸ klš jpUj;jy ahj;jpiu v q; f s;

fijfis nrhy;ypf;nfhz;bUe;jhy; MtJ xd;Wk; ,y;iy. Kaw;rpapy; ehk; ,wq;fNtz;Lk;. irt md;gh;fs; jpUf;NfhNz];tug; ngUkhdpd; Mya Kd;Ndw;wj;jpYk;> Myak;rhh; mwg;gzpfspYk; <LghL nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. gy Gjpa Nfhapy;fs; ,f; f hyj; j py; vOr; r p ngWfpd; w J. vdpDk; vk; %jhijah; Ngzpa Mjpf; Nfhapy; f is ghJfhj;jy; mtrpak;. ,e;jpaj; jy ahj;jpiuapy; mf;fiw nfhs;Sk; vk;kth;fs; jpUf;NfhNz];tu NfhapiyAk; Vida Guhjd <];tuq;fisAk; jhprpg;gjpy; Mh;tj;ij Vw;gLj;j irt epWtdq;fs; Kd;tu Ntz;Lk;. gpw kj topghl;L jyq;fSk; mjidr; rhh; e ; j kjj; jiyth; f Sk; jj; j k; fpuhk kf; f is jkJ rkak; rhh; e ; j Gz;zpa ];jyq;fSf;F ahj;jpiuf;fhf mioj;Jr; nry;tij ehk; fz;$lhff; fhz;fpd;Nwhk;. mJNghy; fpuhkk; NjhWk; cs;s ,e;J Myaq;fSk; mjd; FUkhUk; mwq;fhtyUk; mf;fpuhkj;jpy; thOk; tajhd trjpaw;w kf;fis ,e;j gQ;r <]; t uq; f Sf; F ahj; j piuahf mioj;J nry;tJ xU nghpa Gz;zpa fhhpakhFk;. MWKf ehtyh; $wpa irt gQ;r epj;jpa fUk tpjpapy; jpUj;jy ahj;jpiu vd; g J xU Kf; f pa mk; r khFk; . ,e;j jpUj;jy ahj;jpiu ghuk;ghpaj;ij ehk; kwthJ ghJfhg; g Jld; mLj; j jiyKiwapdUk; ahj; j piu ghuk; g hpaj; i j gpd; g w; W k; tifapy; nraw; g LtJ kpfTk; mtrpakhFk;. vk; ngUkhd; vy;NyhUf;Fk; ey;top fhl;l Ntz;Lk; vdg; gpuhh;j;jpg;Nghkhf!

jpUehl; L rhpj; j puj; j py; jpUf; NfhNz]; t uk; kpfTk; njhd; i k tha; e ; j jpUf;NfhapyhFk;. jpUf;Nfhapypd; Nkd;ikia midtUk; mwpa Ntz; L k; . <oj; j py; cs;s rpthyaq; f s; gw; w pa mwpT vk; k th; f Sf; F Fiwthf ,Ug;gjhy; ,e;jpa jy ahj;jpiuf;Nf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;J tUfpwhh;fs;. Mdhy; vkJ jha;ehl;bYs;s tuyhw;W Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j jpUf;Nfhapy;fis jhprpf;fhky; ,d;Dk; tho; f pwhh; f s; . xU fhyj; j py; ,e; j pahtpy; cs;sth;fs; ,yq;ifapy; cs;s gQ;r <];tu jyq; f is Njb te; J topghL nra; j ik gw;wp Ehy;fs; thapyhf mwpfpNwhk;. <oj;J irth;fs; midtUk; jtwhJ gQ; r <]; t u jyq; f spy; ,d; W cs; s ehd;F <];tuq;fisAk; kjpj;Jg; Nghw; w Ntz; L k; . ",uhtzd; NkyJ ePW’’ vd;W jpUKiwapy; ,yq;if Nte;jdpd; jpUePw;wpd; Nfhyk; ,d; W ngUikahf Ngrg;gLfpd;wJ. ,yq;if kf;fs; rpttho;T tho;e;jij jtQhdp ahd jpU%yh; jpUke;jpuj;jpy; Qhgf%l;bdhh;. <oehl;il rptG+kp vd;W tpspj;jjd; nghUis ehk; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. <oj;jpy; rhpj;jpug; gpurpj;jp ngw;w <];t uq; fis ghJfhj;Jg; NgzNtz;ba flik midtUf;Fk; cz;L. Gyk; ngah; ehLfspy; thOk; irtj;jkpoh;fs; <oj; J <]; t uq; f spd; jpUg; g zpapy; mf; f iw nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Fwpg;ghf jpUf;NfhNz];tu Rw;whlypy; irt klq;fs;> rj;jpuq;fs;> ahj;jphpfh; tpLjpfs; NghjpasT cUthf Ntz;Lk;. gpw ahj;jpiuj; jyq;fspy; cs;sJ Nghd;w trjpfs; jpUf;NfhNz];tu Rw;whlypy; ,y;iy. ele;J Kbe;j

ïªJ xË

bjh©Lehj‹ 3

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

âU¡nfhnzÞtu Mya tuyhW g©oj® ï. tontš 1963š F«ghãnõf« ÃiwbtŒâaã‹ r§fhãnõf¤â‹ nghJ

1963 F«ghãnõf¤â‹ nghJ

ïo¤jÊ¤J mªj¡ f‰nfhÉÈÈUªj f‰fshš “ãwl¿¡ nfh£ilia¡” f£oÆU¡»‹wh®fŸ. nfh£ilthrÈš ïu£il ÛÅy¢ridíl‹ “K‹nd Fs¡nfh£l‹ _£LªâU¥gÂia” v‹W bjhl§F« ghlš bgh¿¡f¥g£l f‰ö©fŸ ï‹W« fhz¥gL»‹wd. nfhÉ‰ ö©fŸ gy nfh£ilÆ‹ c£òw¤âš it¤J¡ f£l¥g£oU¡»‹wd. á‰g, á¤âu§fŸ bgh¿¡f¥g£l nfhÉšthÆ‰ go¡f‰fŸ KjÈadt‰iw¥ ga‹gL¤â¡ nfhnzr® nfhÉÈ‹ nk‰F¥ g¡f¤âš glFfis miz¡f¥ ga‹gL¤J« nkilia¥ ngh¤J¡Ñr® f£oÆUªjh®fŸ. nfh£il¢ Rtiu¥ãÇ¤J MuhŒªjhš nfhnzr® nfhÉš tuyh‰W¢ bršt§fŸ »il¡F«. nfhnzr® nfhÉiy ïo¤jÊ¤j ngh®¤J¡Ñr¤ jsgâ ah»a bfh‹Þu‹il‹orh v‹gt‹ ngh¤J¡fš murD¡fD¥ãa m¿¡ifbah‹W ÈÞg‹ efu¤âYŸs “m#&lh” üš Ãiya¤âÈU¡»‹wJ. mªj m¿¡ifÆš (51 M« g¡f« VIII-40) kDuhrh mšyJ khÂ¡fuhrh v‹D« k‹d‹ ïy§ifia M©lhbd‹W«, mt‹ ».K 1300 M« M©L nfhnzr® nfhÉiy¡ f£odhbd‹W« Tw¥g£oU¡»‹wJ. ïy§ifia murh©l ngh®¤J¡Ñr¤ jsgâfË‹ gântLfËš âU¡nfhnzÞtu¤ij mÊ¤j bfh‹Þiu‹ il‹orh tiuªj gl§fS«, nfhÉÈ‹ Ús mfy všiyfS«, F¿¥òfS« fhz¥gL»‹wd. mtdhš mÊ¡f¥g£l Mya¤â‹ gu¥ò¤ ju¥g£oU»‹wJ. nfhÉš mikªj Ãy¤â‹ Ús« 600 ghf«, mfy« 80 ghf« v‹W«, mJ xL§» xL§»¢br‹W 30 ghfkhf mikªâUªj bj‹W« F¿¥ãl¥g£LŸsJ. ï¡T‰¿‹go j‰nghJ Mya« mikªâU¡F« nfh£il¥gFâ KGtJ« Mya¥ òÅj ãunjrkhÆUªjJ v‹gij m¿ayh«. vdnt ï‰iw¡F ehY ü‰wh©L¡F K‹ ï¥bghGJ ãwl¿¡nfh£il mikªâU¡F« Ãy¥gu¥ò KGtJ« nfhnzr® nfhÉY¡ FÇajhÆUªjbj‹gij¥ ngh®¤JÑrÇ‹ gântLfŸ cWâ¥gL¤J»‹wd. fyhÃâ nghš <. ÕÇÞ v‹gt® vGâa ïy§if v‹D« üÈ‹ ïu©lh« bjhFâ 168M« g¡f¤âš Tw¥gLtjhtJ: ».ã. 1624 - M« M©oš nfhil fhy¤âš (á¤âiu khj«) “Orh®” v‹gt‹ nfhnzr®nfhÉiy mÊ¡F« fhÇa¤âš <Lg£lh‹. nfhnzr®kiy g£lz¤njhL bjhl®òg£L¡ flY¡FŸ Ú©L »l¡»‹wJ. m¥gFâÆš _‹W nfhÉšfŸ ïUªjd. x‹W kiyaothu¤âY«, mL¤jJ kiyÆ‹ eL¥gFâÆYÄUªjJ. flšk£l¤âÈUªJ 400 mo caukhd

Heh£oš g©il¡fhyª bjhl¡f« gy átÞjy§ fËUªJ tU»‹wd. mt‰WŸ âU¡nfhnzÞtu«, âU¡nfÔÞtu« ïu©L« <Heh£o‹ ïUf©fŸ nghy cyf ïªJ¡fË‹ ftd¤âÈUªJ tU»‹wd. âU¡nfhnzÞtu« bj£rz fÆyha« v‹W ngh‰w¥g£L tU»‹wJ. bj£rzfÆyha òuhz¤âš Tw¥gL»‹w tuyhWfËÈUªJ ïj‹ c©ik òy¥gL»‹wJ. nfhnzr® nfhÉš ï‰iw¡F _thÆu« M©LfS¡F K‰g£l tuyh‰W¢ áw¥ò¡fisíila átÞjy«. ïy§ifÆš thœªJtU« Mâ¢irt¡ Fok¡fË‹ ghu«gÇakhd tÊgh£L¤jy«. gyü‰wh©LfS¡F K‹Å Uªnj cy»‹ gyghf§fËY« thœªJtU« ïªJ¡fË‹ tÊgh£L¡FÇa òÅj¤ jykhf¤ âU¡nfhnzÞtu« ïUªJtU»‹wJ. âU¡nfhnzÞtu¤âYŸs ïiwt‹ bga®- nfhnzÞtu®, ïiwÉ bga® - khJika«ghŸ. Ô®¤j« - ghgehrÔ®¤j«, jyÉU£r« - fšyhš. _®¤â, jy«, Ô®¤j Énrl§fis¡ bfh©lJ nfhnzÞtu«. »¿ÞJî¡F K‹ MwhÆu« M©lsÉš ïy§ifia ïuhtz‹ M©l tuyhW ïuhkhaz fhÉa¤âš Tw¥g£oU¡»‹wJ. ïuhtz‹ tÊg£ljy« âU¡nfhnzÞtu« v‹w tuyhW òuhz, ïâfhr§fËY«, njthu§fËY« ngr¥gL»‹wd. ïuhtz‹ jdJ jhahÇ‹ tÊgh£o‰fhf È§f¤ij bgWtj‰F ï§F jt« brŒjhbd‹W«, bj£rz ifyhagâah»a nfhnzr¥ bgUkh‹ mtDila jt¤â‰»u§»¡ fh£ábfhL¡fhjjhš mf§fhu§bfh©l ïuhtz‹ bj‹fÆiyia bt£o¥ ãsªjhbd‹w tuyh‰W¡F vL¤J¡ fh£lhf nfhnzr® nfhÉY¡F¥ g¡f¤ânyna “ïuhtz‹ bt£L” v‹w kiy¥ãsî fhz¥gL»‹wJ. “ïy§if k‹d‹ vL¤j mL¡fš nkš jy§bfhŸ fhšÉuš r§fu‹ C‹wY«” v‹w njthu¥ ghlš ïjid cWâ¥gL»‹wJ. “vL¤jt‹ jU¡if ïÊ¤jt® Éuyhš” v‹W Phdr«gªj® mUË¢brŒj Þjy¤ njthuK« ïªj tuyh‰iw cWâ¥gL¤J»‹wJ. ïuhtz‹ jdJ jhahU¡F mªâk¡ »ÇiafŸ brŒtj‰fhf c©lh¡»a tuyh‰W¢ áw¥òÄ¡f f‹Åah btªÚ%‰W¡fŸ VG« âU¡nfhnzÞtu¤âÈUªJ VG »nyhÛ‰w® öu¤âš ïU¥gij¡ fhzyh«. ïªj btªÚ%‰W¡fis ïªJ¡fŸ òÅjÔ®¤jkhf¡ fUâ mªâk¡ »ÇiafŸ brŒtj‰F¥ ghu«gÇakhf¥ ga‹gL¤â tU»‹wh®fŸ. áw¥ò thŒªj ïªj¢ átÞjy¤âÈUªj nfhnzr® nfhÉiy ».ã. 1624 M« M©L ngh¤J¡Ór® ïªJ xË

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

bjhif¤ âU¥ gâf¤âš “kiw¡fh£lnd âUkhªJiw ahŒkh nfhz¤jhnd” v‹W âU¡nfhnzÞtu¤ij Ãid¤J ghoíŸsh®. g£lz¤J¥ãŸisah® ghoaUËa âUntf«gKilah® âUtªjhâÆš “K¡nfhz« bjhl®fL¡if kiya‹thœ âUthy§ fhL Vf«g« thœ¤JÄnd” v‹W âU¡ nfhnzÞtu¤ij K¡nfhz« v‹W it¤J¥ ghoíŸsh®. _‹W nfhzkhaikªj kiyfisíila fhuz¤jhš ï¤jy« âÇnfhzkiy vdî« tH§» tU»‹wJ. âÇnfhzkiy mªjhâ v‹w üiy âU. á. MWKf¥òyt® ï¤jy¤â‰F¥ ghoíŸsh®. bj£áz fÆyha òuhz«, âU¡nfhzhry òuhz«, bj£rzfÆyha kh‹Äa«, âUnfhzhry itgt«, nfhnzr® fšbt£L v‹gd ï¤jy¤J¡FÇa giHa üšfŸ. ã‰fhy¤âš ï¤jy¤ij¥ g‰¿a MŒîüšfS« vGj¥g£oU¡»‹wd. bgÇaòuhz« ghoaUËa nr¡»Hh® RthÄfŸ,

kiyí¢áÆšjh‹ Äf¥ãugšakhd _‹whtJ nfhÉš ïUªjJ. ï§»Uªj nfhÉiy mÊ¤J K¡nfhztotkhd nfh£ilia¡ f£odh®fŸ. ngh®¤J¡Ñr¢ rÇ¤âu üyháÇauh»a O. FitnwhÞ ghâÇah® vGâa üÈ‹ ïu©lh« ghf« 236 M« g¡f¤âš ã‹tUkhW Tw¥g£oU¡»‹wJ. “ »H¡»‹ nuhkhòÇahf ï›thya« És§F»‹wJ. óÇb#fªeh¤ Mya¤â‰F« ïuhnkÞtu¤â‰F« nghŒ¤ jÇrd« brŒJtU« ah¤âÇf®fËY« gh®¡f Äf mâfkhd ah¤âÇf®fŸ ï›thya¤ij¤ jÇá¤J tU»‹wh®fŸ. âUnfhzkiy¤ JiwKf¤â‹ jiu¥gFâÆÈUªJ« flY¡FŸ Ú©oU¡F« kiyÆ‹nkš ïy§if k‹d®fŸ _‹W Mya§fis¡ f£oÆUªjh®fŸ. mt‰¿š ïu©L nfhÉšfŸ kiyÆ‹ ïu©L mªj§fËY«, k‰wJ ïileLÉY« f£l¥g£oUªjJ. flÈDŸ Ú©oU¡F« kiy¥gFâÆ‹ Äf cau¤âÈUªj Myank ïªâaeh£L ïªJ¡fshY« ÄfK¡»a¤Jt§ bfhL¤J¥ ngh‰¿ tz§f¥g£L tªj MyakhF«. ».ã. 436 M« M©L kDÚâf©l nrhHk‹dÅ‹ gu«giuÆš tªj tuuhk njtÅ‹ kfdh»a Fs¡nfh£Lk‹d‹ nrhHeh£oÈUªJ âU¡nfhzkiy¡F tªJ nfhnzr® Mya¤ij¥ òdU¤jhuz« brŒJ F«ghãnõf¤ij el¤â it¤jhbd‹W ahœ¥ghz itgtkhiy TW»‹wJ. Fs¡ nfh£Lk‹d‹ brŒj khbgUª âU¥gÂfsh»a FsK«, nfh£lK« (nfhÉš) vL¤j áw¥ãdhš mtDila ïa‰bga® kiwªJ “Fs¡nfh£l‹” v‹w áw¥ò¥bganu Ãiy¤J É£lJ. Fs¡nfh£Lk‹d‹ nfhnzr® nfhÉÈš òdU¤ jhuz¤ âU¥gÂfŸ brŒJ, nfhÉiy¥ gÇghyd« brŒtj‰fhf kU§TÇÈUªJ«, fhiu¡fhÈÈUªJ« Fok¡fis¡ bfh©LtªJ Foak®¤âdh‹. nfhÉiy¤ jhgÇ¥gj‰F Ãuªju tUthia V‰gL¤Jtj‰fhf 2700 mtz« bešÉij¥ò¤ jiwia c©lh¡»dh‹. ïªj ÉisÃy¤ij Ú®¥ghŒ¢Rtj‰fhf mšiy¡Fs«, bt©lur‹Fs«, fªjshŒ¡ Fs§fis¡ f£LÉ¤jh‹. ï«khbgUª â£l¤ij¤ j®kbe¿jtwhkš gÇghÈ¥gj‰fhf fdfRªju¥ bgUkh‹, jÅí©zh¥ óghy t‹Åikfsh»a Kfhikfis ÃaÄ¤jh‹. nfhÉ‰óirfis¢ áw¥ghf el¤Jtj‰F ntjehaf Kj‹ik, irtehaf Kj‹ik v‹w FUkhiu ÃaÄ¤jh‹. nfhÉ‰ bjhG«ghs®fis ÃaÄ¤J mtut®fS¡FÇa filikfisí« bfhL¤J khÅa§fS« tH§»dh‹. ïªj Égu§fŸ ahî« nfhnzr®fšbt£oš Tw¥g£oU¡»wJ. VHh« ü‰wh©oš âUPhdr«gªj_®¤â ehadh® âU¡nfhnzÞtu¤â‰F¤ njthu¤ âU¥gâf« ghoaUËdh®. ÃiufHyut« v‹w njthu¤ij Kjyhfîila g¤J¥ ghlšfŸ mtuhš ghl¥ g£oU¡»‹wd. âUbeŒ¤jhd« v‹w âU¤jy¤ij¤ âUehî¡fur® ghL«nghJ “j¡fhuoah®¡F” v‹w âU¤jh©lf¤âš “bj¡fhU« khnfhz¤jhnd” v‹W âUnfhnzÞtu¤ij Ãid¤J ghoaUËdh®. Rªju_®¤â RthÄfŸ ghoaUËa “Ãiwfh£lhnd beŠr¤jhnd” v‹w C®¤ ïªJ xË

“MÊòil NœªbjhÈ¡F« <Hªj‹Åš " v‹w ghlÈš

k‹DâU¡ nfhzkiy k»œªj br§f© kHÉilah® jik¥ngh‰¿ tz§»¥ gho” v‹W âU¡nfhnzÞtu¤ jy¤ij¥ gho ÃidîW¤J »‹wh®. g‹Åu©lh« ü‰wh©oš thœªj mUz»Ç ehjRthÄfŸ “Éiy¡FnkÅÆš mÂ¡nfhit nkfiy” v‹W bjhl§Fª âU¥òfÊny.

“Ãiy¡F eh‹kiw kf¤jhd óRu® âU¡nfh zkiy¤ jy¤jhW nfhòu Ãiy¡FŸ thÆÅš »Ë¥ghL óâÆš - tUnthnd” v‹W âU¡nfhnzÞ tu¤ij ÃidªJU»¥ ghoíŸsh®. FUek¢átha njáf® mUËa ek¢átha khiyÆš “nfhzkhkiyÆš thG« nfhâyh MânaÚ MÂiy¥ bg©QÄšiy m¤jnd ek¢átha” v‹W nfhnzÞtu¤ij¥ ghoíŸsh®. nr® vnkr‹ bud‰ v‹gt® vGâa ïy§if¢ rÇ¤âu¤âš “».ã. 1639 M« M©oš l¢R¡fhu®fŸ âU¡nfhzkiyia if¥g‰¿¡ nfhnzr® nfhÉÈš ÄFâahfîŸs f‰fisí« ö©fisí« ïo¤J Mya¤â‹ Vida bghU£fisíbkL¤J¡ nfh£ilf£l¥ ga‹gL¤â dh®fŸ. ï§FŸs áy 5

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

nfhnzÞtu¤â‹ bjh‹ikiaí«, bjŒåf¢ áw¥igí Kz®ªJ ïªJ¡fS¡F kjRjªâu¤ijí« tÊgh£L¢ Rjªâu¤ijí« tH§»ÆUªjh®fŸ. âU¡nfhnzÞtu¤âš m‹Åa® brŒj md®¤j§fS¡F«, m£^Êa§fS¡FKÇa ãuâgyid mDgÉ¤J É£lh®fŸ. kjtÊghL, muáa‰ Njh£l§fS¡F« bghU£NiwfS¡F« m¥gh‰g£lJ. ahuhÆUªjhY«, vªj tÊgh£L¤jykhÆUªjhY« òÅj Mya§fS¡F Cd« ÉisÉ¥gt®fŸ ï‹diy mDgÉ¤nj Ôunt©L«. ïu©lhtJ cyfkfhí¤j¤âš âU¡nfhzkiyÆ‹ ÛJ #¥ghÅa® F©Lfis mŸË åádh®fŸ. nfhnzr®kiyÆš ÃWt¥g£oUªj Ékhd vâ®¥ò¥ Õu§»fS¡F ïy¡Fit¤J år¥g£l F©LfËš x‹nwD« nfhnzr®kiyÆš ÉHÉšiyba‹gJ bjŒåf m‰òjkhF«. flÈdoÈš MuhŒ¢ábrŒj nr® Mj® á »sh¡, ik¡ Éšr‹, buh£Å b#h§¡yÞ v‹gt®fŸ Äf¥gHik thŒªj Mya« flÈdoÆš mÄœªâU¥gjhf¡ f©l¿ªjh®fŸ. ãukh©lkhd kÂ, És¡FfŸ, ö©fŸ nfhÉ‰js§fŸ v‹gd flÈdoÆÈU¥gjhf¥ g¤âÇifÆš ãuRÇ¤jh®fŸ. ïªj¡nfhÉš flšnfhËdhyÊªj nfhÉyhÆU¡fyh«. Fs¡nfh£L k‹d‹ âU¥gÂbrŒj nfhnzr® nfhÉš ïUªj fhy¤âš âU¡nfhzkiy kht£l¤âš f§ifntÈ át‹ nfhÉš, âUk§fyhŒ át‹nfhÉš, mfÞâa® Þjhgd«, fªjshŒ át‹nfhÉš, f£lis¥ ãŸisah® nfhÉš v‹gdî« áw¥ò‰W És§»d. j‰nghJ nfhnzÞtu¤ij¢ NœªJ $ g¤âufhËa«ghŸ nfhÉš, Myo¥ ãŸisah®nfhÆš, Éšÿ‹¿¡ fªjRthÄ nfhÆš, K¤J¡FkhuRthÄ nfhÉš, ÉÞtehjRthÄ át‹nfhÉš, åuf¤â¥ ãŸisah®nfhÉš, khÇa«k‹ nfhÉš, $ »UZz‹ nfhÉš, rkhJ¥ãŸisah® nfhÉš, rÜÞtu‹ nfhÉš, F«g¤Jkhš fUkhÇa«k‹ nfhÉš, enlr® nfhÉš KjÈa gy Mya§fŸ ÃiwªJ âU¡nfhzkiy bjŒt¤ âUtU£ áw¥nghL És§F»‹wJ. MâaªjÄšyhj ïiwtid KGKj‰ flîshf¡ bfh©L tÊgL« ïªJ¡fË‹ òÅjjy« âU¡nfhnzÞtu«. ïy§ifthœ ïªJ¡fshY«, áw¥ghf¤ âU¡nfhzkiy¢ irt¥bgUk¡fshY« òduht®¤jd¤ âU¥gÂfŸ brŒJ mik¡f¥g£l nfhnzr® nfhÉiy ï¥nghJ jÇá¡F« gh¡»a« bg‰WŸnsh«. fUtiwÆš fháÆÈUªJ bfh©Ltu¥bg‰w átÈ§f« ãuâZil brŒa¥bg‰¿U¡»‹wJ. Ãy¤âÈUªJ »il¤j khJika«ghŸ rnkj nfhnzr¥ bgUkhD« Vida gÇthu _®¤âfS« Þjhã¡f¥g£L Fs¡nfh£L k‹dDila fhy¤âš eilbg‰W tªj knfh‰rt§fS«, ghgehr¤ Ô®¤njh‰rtK« bj¥g¤ âUÉHh¡fS«, átuh¤âÇiaaL¤J bjhl®ªJ _‹W eh£fŸ ef®tyK« áw¥ghf eilbg‰W tU»‹wJ. ï¤jy¤âš eilbg‰w m‰òj§fis jyòuhz§fŸ thÆyhf m¿ayh«. âUnfhzkiy kht£l« nfhnzr¥ bgUkhDila âUtUsh£á¡F£g£lJ. mjdhš âUnfhzkiy k¡fË‹ thœ¡ifÆš ïªJrka¥ g©ghL, gH¡f tH¡f«, fiy, fyhrhu« v‹gd ã‹Å¥ ãizªJ»l¥gij¡ fh©»nwh«.

ïl§fS¡F l¢R¥ bga®fisí« N£odh®fŸ. ï›thW ït®fŸ bfhŸisao¤J Mya¤ij¢ áij¤J¥ bghU£fis¢ NiwahoanghâY« ïªJ¡fŸ ït®fS¡F xË¤J kiwªJ ïªj ïl¤âš j§fŸ tz¡f¤ij¢ brY¤â tÊg£L tªjh®fŸ.” ngh®¤J¡Ñr® nfhnzr® nfhÉiy ïo¤J mÊ¤j fhy¤âš Mya¤âÈUªj FUkhU« g¡j®fS« MyaÉ¡»uf§fŸ m‹ÅaUila ifÆyf¥glhkš vL¤J¢ br‹W Ãy¤ij afœªJ mt‰¿DŸS«, »zW, Fs§fËY« òij¤J kiw¤J it¤âUªjh®fŸ. mt‰¿š ãŸisah®, nfhnzr®, khJika«ghŸ, nghf r¡â, rªâunrfu®, m‹d« v‹gd ïiwtDila âUtU£brayhš 1950M« M©L f©blL¡f¥g£ld. mj‹ ã‹d® j‰nghâU¡F« òâa Mya« f£l¥g£L ï« _®¤âfŸ ãuâZil brŒa¥bg‰W 1963 M« M©L òduht®¤jd kfhF«ghãnõf« eilbg‰wJ. 25-1-81 ïš nkY« gyâU¥gÂfŸ brŒa¥ bg‰W òdU¤jhuz kfhF«ghãnõf« eil bg‰¿U¡»‹wJ. ngh®¤JÑr® ïo¤jÊ¤j Mya¤âÈUªj áy É¡»uf§fËš áijªj gFâfŸ kiyaothu¤â‰ flÈDŸ »l¡»‹wd. mt‰¿š Cd¥g£l È§f«, $ehuhaz_®¤â, kfhby£RÄ, nfhZl¤âYŸs áijªj gFâfŸ, áyhrhrd¢ áijîfŸ v‹gd Mya¤âš it¤J¥ ghJfh¡f¥g£L tU»‹wd. M§»nyauh£á¡fhy¤âš ».ã.1890M« M©L k¤âakhfhz murh§f mâguhÆUªj bA‹¿ lãŸô. nf› v‹gt® vGâa ïy§if v‹D« rÇ¤âu üÈš âU¡nfhnzÞtu¤ij¥ g‰¿¥ ã‹tUkhW TW»‹wh® “âU¡nfhzkiyÆš flY¡FŸ Ú©oU¡F§ F‹W Äf¥ gHikthŒªjJ«, kd¤ij¡ ftu¡Toa tuyh‰W¢ r«gt§fis¡ bfh©lJkhF«. F¿¥ã£l F‹W flÈDŸËÈUªJ vGªJ 400 mo cau¤âš mHFw ÃÄ®ªJ Ã‰»‹wJ. ïªJ¡fË‹ tuyh‰W¢ bršt§fis¡ bfh©ljhf És§F»‹wJ. ò¤j® ãw¥gj‰F¥ gy ü‰wh©LfS¡F K‹ÅUªnj ïªJ¡fŸ ïij òÅj ïlkhf¥ ngh‰¿tªJŸsh®fŸ. j§fis¥ ãuhkz® v‹W brhšÈ¡bfhŸS« xUrhuh® (MÇa®) bj‹Åªâa¡ fiy¢ á‰g§fis¡bfh©ljhf És§F»‹w öã, nfhòu« v‹gt‰iwíilajhf Mya§fis¡ f£oÆUªjh®fŸ. ï›thya« MÆu§fhš k©lg¤ijí§ bfh©oUªjJ. ngh®¤J¡Ñr® ï¡nfhÉiy ïo¤jÊ¤jã‹ mªj ïl« bt‰¿lkhf¡ fh£áaË¤jJ. ïjid¥ gh®¤jhš ahU« tU¤j¥glhkÈU¡f KoahJ. xU áW fhuzKÄšyhkš ï›thya« mÊ¡f¥g£LÉ£lJ. vÅD« ïªJ¡fŸ mªj bt‰¿l¤ij¢ áttÊgh£L¤ jykhf kâ¤J tÊg£LtU»‹wh®fŸ. bjŒt Ãªjid¡FÇajhd braiy gândHh« ü‰wh©oš ngh®¤J¡Ñr® brŒj nghâY« ï‹dK« mªj ïl« òÅjK« nk‹ik¡FÇa tÊgh£L¤ jykhfîÄUªJ tU»‹wJ. ngh®¤J¡Ñr®, xšyhªj®fsh»a m‹Åauh£á¡ fhy¤âš j‰nghJŸs ãwl¿¡nfh£il mt®fŸ trÄUªjjhš ïªJ¡fË‹ kjRjª âuK«, tÊgh£L¢ RjªâuK« kW¡f¥g£L tªjd. ãÇ¤jhÅa M£áahs®fŸ âU¡ ïªJ xË

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

nfhnzr® Mya mikÉ‹ m£ltiz 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28.

»ÇahÈ§f«. fhuzfhÇa§fS¡nf‰g¢ átÈ§f« gy bga®fis¥ bgW»‹wJ. gyuhY« tÊgl¥gLtJ guh®¤jÈ§f«. xUt® M¤kh®¤jkhf it¤J tÊgLtJ M¤kÈ§f«. f£òydhfhj mUt¤ âUnkÅ¡F«, f£òydhF« cUt¤ âUnkÅ¡F« _ykhd ïU¥ãlkh», Fz«, F¿ flªj átbgUkhid X® milahskh»a F¿Æ‹f©it¤J tÊgLtj‰FÇa tÊgh£L totkhf miktJ átÈ§f«. átÈ§f« mUîUt¤ âUnkÅ v‹gJ ïj‹ bghUŸ. mUt«, cUt«, mUîUt« v‹D« _‹W« ïiwtDila âUnkÅfŸ. mUt« v‹gJ cUtÄšyhjJ (át«, r¡â, ehj«, ÉªJ). if, fhš. Kf¤Jl‹ cUt« bfhŸtJ cUt¤ âUnkÅ vd¥gL« (knfÞtu‹, cU¤âu‹, khš, ma‹). átÈ§f« fh©gj‰F«, Ô©Ltj‰FKÇa cUt¥ãH«ghf ïU¥gjhš cUtkhfî«, if, fhš, Kf« ïšyhikahš mUtkhfî«, xUnru¤ njh‹Wtjhš mUîUtbkd¥gL«. átÈ§f¤ij¢ rjhát« v‹gh®fŸ. Ãy«, Ú®, Ô, fh‰W, Mfha« M»a I«ój§fSŸ, mUt¤j‹ik ÔÆ‹f© ÄF¤J¡ fhz¥gL»‹wJ. Ô fh©gj‰F cUtkhf¤ bjÇ»‹wJ. mnjneu¤âš ifah‰ ão¡fKoahj mUtkhfî« bjÇ»‹wJ. ÔahdJ, ïiwtDila mUîUt¤ âUnkÅia x¤âU¡»‹wJ Mfnt mUîUt¤ âUnkÅahf És§F« átÈ§f¤ij¤ jH‰ãH¥ò v‹W nr¡»Hh® bgUkh‹ bgÇaòuhz¤âš T¿íŸsh®.

fUtiw - nfhnzrÈ§f« khJik m«ghŸ enlr® et¡»uf§fŸ njtrig - vGªjUË itut® NÇa‹ ehfj«ãuh‹ rªâu‹ bfho Þj«g« gÈÕl« - eªâ nr¡»Hh® rkaFut®fŸ : r«gªj®, m¥g®, Rªju®, khÂ¡fthrf® âUKiwfŸ ÃU¤j fzgâ bj£rzh_®¤â $ kfh fzgâ È§nfh‰gt® ãu«kh J®¡fh«ãif $ R¥ãukÂa® r©nlÞtu® MfhaÈ§f« - kiy¥óir eilbgW« ïl« uh#nfhòu« m«ghŸ nfhòu« Ékhd§fŸ ïuhtz‹bt£L MâÈ§f« - ïy£RÄ, ehuhaz®

$ khJika«ghŸ átÞjy§fËš m«ghS¡F¤ jÅ¢ rªÃâ mikªâU¡F«. ï§F m«ghË‹ fUtiwÆš khJikÆ‹ áyhÉ¡»uf« Þjhã¡f¥g£oU¡»‹wJ. xU ifÆš b#gkhiyí«, kWifÆš Únyh‰gy kyU«, k‰¿U iffS« mga«, tujkhf¢ rö®¥òI§fnshL khJika«ghŸ vGªjUËÆU¡»wh®. m«ghS¡FÇa vGªjUËa É¡»uf« njtrigÆš it¡f¥g£oU¡»wJ. âUtofËš ruzkilí«go fh£LtJ tujfu«, ruzilªnjhiu mUŸghÈ¤J¡ fh¥gJ mgafu«. m¡»Å RthiyÉ£L vÇí«nghJ, m¡»Å át¥ò Ãwkhfî«, mj‹ bfhGªâš Úyt©zK« fhz¥gLtJ nghy átbgUkh‹ br«nkÅ v«khdhfî«, r¡â Úyt©z¤jhshfî« ïU¥gjhf¢ rhÞâu§fŸ TW»‹wd. ÚÈ v‹W m«ghS¡F xU âUehkK« c©L. m¡»ÅÆš NL ãÇ¡fKoahkÈU¥gJ nghy átbgUkh‹ fUiztothd r¡âíl‹ ãÇ¥ã‹¿ ïu©lw¡ fyªâU¡»‹wh®. mªj¢ r¡âahdJ guhr¡â, Mâr¡â, ï¢rhr¡â, »Çahr¡â, Phdhr¡â v‹W fhÇantWgh£odhš gy bga®fisí«, gy tot§fisí« bfhŸS»‹whŸ v‹W irthfk§fS«, njh¤âu§fS« ™TW»‹wd. m©l§fŸ mid¤J« átr¡âkakhŒ ïU¡»‹wd. ãugŠr« KGtJ« r¡âÆ‹ brh%gkhF«. gŠr»U¤âa§fS« guh r¡âÆ‹ mUshnyna

_®¤âfË‹ És¡f«

fUtiw - nfhnzrÈ§f« átÈ§f¤ âUnkÅ, ntjhªj, á¤jhªj j¤Jt§ fbsšyh« És¡fKWtj‰F ïlkh ÆU¡F« âUîUt«. átÞjy§fËš _ytuhf mk®ªâU¥gJ átÈ§f«. nfhnzÞtu¤âš fUtiwÆ‰ ãuâZil brŒa¥g£oU¥gJ Ra«òÈ§f«. ïjid¤ jy¥bga®bfh©L nfhzÈ§f« v‹W tÊg£L tU»‹wh®fŸ. át« - flîŸ, È§f« milahs«. átÈ§f« - flîis¡ F¿¡F« milahs«. “á”- ehjtothd át« mJ átÈ§f¤â‹ nknyÆU¡F« j©Lnghy Ú©oU¡F« gFâ. “t” ÉªJtotkhd r¡â. mJ ÑnHaikªJŸs Õl«. mjid Mîilah® v‹g®. mJ (r¡â kakhdJ) MîilahÇ‹ nk‰òw¤âš nfhKifnghš xU gFâ Ú©oU¡F«. È§f« rfy m©lruhru§fS« njh‹¿Ã‹W mid¤J« xL§Ftj‰F Ãiy¡fskhÆU¥gJ. átÈ§f mik¥ãš Ra«òÈ§f«, »ÇahÈ§f« vd ïUtiffS©L. jhnd njh‹¿aJ, Ra«òÈ§f«. fUÉfshš brŒa¥g£lJ ïªJ xË

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

eilbgW»‹wd. mw¡fUizÆdhY« kw¡fUizÆdhY« M‹kh¡fis M©L mUŸòÇí« m‹idia ï¤jy¤âš khJika«ghŸ vd¡bfh©L tÊg£L tU»‹wh®fŸ. ï¤jy¤â‰F¤ njthu« ghoa âUPhdr«gªj® khJika«ghis¥ g‰¿¡ F¿¥ãL»‹wh®.

gŠr »U¤âa§fisí«, gŠrh£ru§fisí« j¤Jt¥ nguháÇa®fŸ enlrUila âUnkÅÆny fh£L»wh®fŸ.

N¡Fk gŠr»U¤âa«

tyJifÆny Jo mga¤ âU¡fu« m¡»Å Vªâaif C‹¿a âUto ö¡»a âUto

fobjdtªj fÇjidíÇ¤J m›îÇ nkÅnk‰ ngh®¥gh® ãoa‹d eilahŸ bgŒtisklªij ãiwEjy tbshL Kldh»¡ bfhobjd¡ fjW« Fiuflš NœªJ bfhŸsK« Ã¤ây« RkªJ Fojid beU¡»¥ bgU¡fkhŒ¤ njh‹W« nfhzkhkiy mk®ªjhnu

gil¤jš fh¤jš mÊ¤jš kiw¤jš mUsš

N¡Fk gŠrh£ru«

áfhu« tfhu« afhu« efhu« kfhu«

ïªj¤ j¤Jt§fis¡ bfh©L ML« M£l« Phd eld« vd¥gL«. ïjid PhÅa®fŸ Phd¤jhš m¿ªJ bfhŸS th®fŸ. M‹kh¡fis M£bfhŸS« t©z« enlr® Cd eldK« ML»‹wh®. ïjid¤ öygŠrh¡fu¤âš És¡Fth®fŸ. öygŠrh¡fu« - “ekátha” âUtoÆny, efhu«, cju« - kfhu«, njhŸ - áfhu«, âUKf« - tfhu«, âUKo - afhu« v‹W ï›thW âUtoÆÈUªJ âUKotiu öy gŠrh¡fu« És¡f¥gL»‹wJ. eluh#iu É£L Ú§fhj âUthá - X§fhu«. enlrUila r¡âah»a átfhk RªjÇahdtŸ ïlJ g¡f¤nj Ã‹W ïªj Mdªj eld¤ij¡ f©L fË¡»‹wh®. ïªj Mliy¡ f©L tÊgLt®fS¡F¥ ãw¥ãšiy. áthya§fËš tl¡F Kfkhaikªj jÅ¢ rªÃâÆny enlr® ãuâZil brŒa¥gLth®. mtU¡F tUl¤âš MW âd§fŸ k£Lnk mãnrf« eilbgW«. á¤âiu¤ âUnthz«, MÅ c¤ju«, MtÂ, òu£lhâ, khá ó®t rJ®¤já, kh®fÊ âUthâiu v‹gd mit. ït‰¿š âUthâiu Äf Énrlkhd ehŸ. gjŠrÈ, Éah¡áughj® ïUtU« enlrÇ‹ M£l¤ij¡ f©L fË¤J Ã‰»‹wh®fŸ. r«gªj®, m¥g®, Rªju®, khÂ¡fthrf® M»a rka Fut®fŸ ehštU« enlriu¥ gho¤ Jâ¤J K¤âbg‰wh®fŸ.

ão v‹gJ bg©ahid. m‹d- v‹gJ ctik c U ò . bg©ahid ngh‹w eilÆid cila t Ÿ khJika«ghŸ v‹W TW»‹wh®. m‹d«ngh‹w eilÆid cilatŸ v‹W bghUŸbfhŸtJ njthu¤â‹ bghUis¤ âÇògL¤Jtjh»ÉL«. bj£rzfÆyha òuhz« khJika«ghis¥g‰¿ ÉÇthf¡ TW»‹wJ.

enlr® eld <r® enlr® vd¥gL»wh®. ïJ át_®¤j§ fËbyh‹W. áthfk§fŸ És¡»¡TW« j¤Jt§ fisbašyh« jdJ âUnkÅÆ‰ bfh©LŸs m‰òj¤ âUîUt« enlr®. ïj‰Fnkyhd m®¤jòZoíŸs mHF¤ âUîUt¤ij cyf¤âš fh©gJ mÇJ. ïªJrka bkŒPhd j¤Jt§fisí«, nkiy eh£L ÉŠPhd¤ j¤Jt§fisí« Muhí« nguháa®fŸ ïªj¤ âUîUt mik¥ig ÉaªJ nguh¢rÇakil»‹wh®fŸ.

tl ïªâa ah¤âÇf®fË‹ jÇrd« bg‰w jy« âU¡nfhnzÞtu¤â‹ ïa‰ifaHF«, nfhnzÞtu¥bgUkhÅ‹ âUtU£ brašfS« âU¡ fÆyha¤â‹ ïa‰if vÊY¡F« fÆyhrgâÆ‹ âUtU£ braY¡F« x¥ghf ïUªj fhuz¤âdhš g©il¡fhy¤âš tl ïªâa ah¤âÇf®fŸ ïªj bj£rz fÆyha¤ij neh¡» ah¤âiu brŒJ tªâU¡»wh®fŸ. ï¢r«gt¤ij¡ F¿¥ã£L ngh®¤J¡Ñr rÇ¤âu üyháÇauhd o. FitnwhÞ ghâÇaháÇa® “óÇ b#fªeh¤â‰F« ïuhnkÞtu¤â‰F« br‹W jÇrd« brŒJ tU« ah¤âÇfËY« gh®¡f Äf mâfkhndh®, ïªj Mya¤ij jÇá¤J tU»wh®fŸ.” v‹W jkJ üÈš vGâÆU¥gJ ftÅ¡f¤j¡fJ. tleh£L ah¤âÇf®fË‹ ftd¤ij ftUtj‰F fhuzkhf ïUªjJ v‹d? âU¡nfhnzr® Mya« cy»YŸs tÊgh£L jy§fSŸ Äfî« gHikahdJ. m¤Jl‹ âU¡nfhzkiy ehfÇfK« bkhfŠrjhnuh, Au¥gh ehfÇfK« xnu fhy¤jit v‹gJl‹, flšnfhŸfshš mÊªJnghd bynkh¿ah f©l¤â‹ vŠáa jiu¥ gFâfËš ïy§ifí« x‹W v‹gJnk ïj‰F¡ fhuzkhF«. g©oj®. ï. tontš (âU¡nfhnzÞtu® - bjh‹ikí« t©ikí«) (khk‹w f£ol¥ ó®¤â áw¥ò kyÇÈUªJ bgw¥g£lJ. ïªJ xË

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

âUPhdr«gªj_®¤â ehadh® âU¥gâf« ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ

bfhoia ca®¤âatUkh»a átãuhdh®, rªjd«, m»š, ïu¤âd«, K¤J M»at‰iw miyfŸ fiuÆ‰ nr®¡F« nfhzkhkiyÆš mk®ªâU¡»‹wh®.

g© - òwÚ®ik âU¢á‰w«gy«

1. ÃiufH yut« áy«bghÈ ay«ò« Ãky® ÚwÂ âUnkÅ tiubfG kfnsh® ghfkh¥ òz®ªj toÉd® bfhoaÂ Éila® fiubfG rªJ§ fhu»‰ ãsî« ms¥gU« fdkÂ tu‹¿¡ Fiufl nyhj« Ã¤ây« bfhÊ¡F« nfhzkh kiy ak®ªjhnu

2. fobjd tªj fÇjid cÇ¤J m›îÇ nkÅnk‰ ngh®¥gh® ãoad eilahŸ bgŒtis klªij ãiwEj ytbshL KldhŒ¡ bfhobjd¡ fjW§ Fiuflš NœªJ bfhŸsK Ã¤ây« RkªJ Fojid beU¡»¥ bgU¡fkhŒ¤ njh‹W« nfhzkh kiy ak®ªjhnu.

g iu : ÃiufHyut« - ty¡fhÈYŸs Ãiu¤j åu¡fHÈ‹ xÈí«, áy«bghÈ - ïl¡ fhÈYŸs áy«ãdJ xÈí«, my«ò«- xÈ¡»‹w, Ãky® - F‰wk‰wt®, ÚwÂ âUnkÅ - âUÚ‰¿id c¤ösdkhf¥ óáa mH»a cl«ãš, tiubfGkfŸ - ïkakiy mur‹ kfsh»a gh®tâia, X® ghfkhf¥ òz®ªj toÉd® ïl¥ghf¤â‰ nr®¤j (m®¤j ehßRu) âUîUÉidíilat®, bfhoaÂÉila® - bfhoÆ‹f© mH»a ïlg¤ij vGâía®¤jt®, fiubfGrªJ« - fiuÆny miyfsh‰ bfhz®ªJ nr®¡f¥g£l rªjd ku§fisí«, fh® m»‰ ãsî« - fÇa m»‰ f£ilfË‹ J©Lfisí«, ms¥gU« fdkÂ - msÉšyhj ÄFâahd ïu¤âd§fisí«, tu‹¿ - thÇ¡bfh©L, Fiuflš Xj« - xÈ¡»‹w flÈdJ miyahdJ, Ã¤ây« bfhÊ¡F« - K¤J¡fis¡ fiuÆny nr®¡»‹w, nfhzkhkiy ak®ªjh® - âUnfhzkiyÆš vGªjUËíŸsh®. fHY« áy«ò« xÈ¡F« fhÈid cilatU«, ckhnjÉia ïl¥ghf¤nj bfh©ltU«, ïlg¤ij vGâa

g iu : fobjd tªj fÇjid cÇ¤J - Éiuth baâ®¤J tªj faKfh Nubd‹D« ahidÆ‹ njhiy cÇ¤J, m›îÇ nkÅ nk‰ ngh®¥g® - m§‡d« cÇ¤j njhiy cl«ã‹nkš ngh®¥gtuh»a átbgUkh‹, ão md eilahŸ - ãoÆidí« m‹d¤âid x¤j eilÆid cilatS«, bgŒtis klªij - ifÆÈ£l tisaiyíila bg©zhdtS«, ãiwEj ytbshL« - ãiwnghY« be‰¿ia cilatSkh»a ckhnjÉnahL«, cldh» - xU ghf¤â‰ nr®ªJ bghUªâ, bfhoJ vd¡ fjW« - ïJ bfhoJ v‹gJnghy Xbtd¥ ngbuhÈia¢ brŒJ xÈ¡F«, Fiu flš NœªJ - xÈ¡»‹w flyhdJ NœªJ, bfhŸsK« Ã¤ây« RkªJ - nr‰¿idí« K¤âidí« miyfsh‰wh§», Fojid beU¡» - fiuÆny thG« Fok¡fis beU¡»¤ J‹g« brŒtJ nghš mQ», bgU¡fkhŒ¤ njh‹W« - m¡ FofS¡F¥ bgUŠ brštkhŒ¤ njh‹W«, nfhzkhkiy ak®ªjh® - âU¡nfhzkiy v‹D« jy¤âš vGªjUËíŸsh®. ahid¤ njhiy¥ ngh®¥gtuh»a át‹ ngbuhÈnahL nr‰iwí«, K¤âidí« fiuÆny xJ¡» k¡fS¡F¤ Ô§F

fp.gp. 7Mk; E}w;whz;by; tho;e;j jpUQhdrk;ge;j%h;j;jp ehadhupd; Njthuq;fs; midj;Jk; Kjy; %d;W jpUKiwfspy; itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. njd; ,e;jpahtpd; ,uhNk];t ; uj;jpypUe;J NfhNzrg; ngUkhid epide;J mth; mUspa gjpndhU ghly;fisf; nfhz;l jpUf;Nfhzkiyj; jpUg;g; jpfk; 3Mk; jpUKiwapy; 123MtJ gjpfkha; mike;Js;sJ. 7MtJ ghly; fpilf;fg; ngwtpy;iy. ,g;gjpfj;jpd; gz;: GwePu;ik. NfhNzrg; ngUkhd; md;Ng rptkha; mku;e;J mUs;ghypf;Fk; Myaj;jpd; ngUikia> ,aw;ifnaopy; nghUe;jpa mw;Gjkhd #oiy> jpUNfhzkiy kz; rhu;e;j tsj;ij gf;jpeaj;NjhL mfpyj;jpwF ; czu;jJ ; fpwJ ,j;jpUg;gjpfk;. jpUf;NfhNz];tuj;jpd; md;iwa cd;dj epiyia kpf mOj;jkhfg; gjpT nra;jjd; %yk; mjd; tuyhw;Wj; njhd;ikf;F kpfr; rpwe;j rhd;whfj; jpfo;fpwJ ,g;gjpfk;. ïªJ xË

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

brŒtJ nghš bgUŠ bršt¤ij¢ nr®¡F« flš Nœªj âU¡nfhzkiyÆš ãoa‹d eilahS«, tisaÂªjtS«, ãiw EjyhSkh»a ckhnjÉia xU g¡f¤nj bfh©L âU¡nfhzkiyÆš vGªjUËÆU¡»‹wh®. ãoad v‹gj‰F¥ ãoia x¤j vdî« bghUŸ Twyh«. ão: bg©ahid.

cUîilatdhF« t©z« mUŸ brŒj F‰wk‰wt®, fkykh® ghj® - jhkiu nghY« âUtofisíilat®, bjË¤J K‹ mu‰W« - cu¥òjiy¥ nghy¥ ngbuhÈ brŒí«, brG§ flš - tsÄ¡f flyhdJ, jus« - K¤âidí« br«bghD« - br«bgh‹idí«, ï¥ãí« - á¥ãiaí«, RkªJ - miyfsh‰wh§», bfhÊ¤J - åá, t‹âiufŸ - tÈa âiufŸ, fiuÆil¢ nr®¡F« - fiuÆny bfh©L tªJ nr®¡»‹w, nfhzkhkiyak®ªjhnu - nfhzkhkiyÆš mk®ªâU¡»wh®. f§ifia¢ rilÆš it¤jtU«, k‹kjid vÇ¤J¥ ã‹ mUŸ brŒjtUkh»a átãuhdh® flyhdJ miyfshš K¤J KjÈat‰iw¡ bfh©L tªJ fiuÆ‰ nr®¡F« âU¡nfhzkiyÆš vGªjUËíŸsh®.

3. gÅ¤âsª â§f£ igªjiy ehf« gl®ril KoÆil it¤jh® fÅ¤âsª Jt® thŒ¡ fhÇifghf khfK‹ fyªjt® kâ‹nkš jÅ¤jng UUt ÉÊ¤jHš ehf« jh§»a nkU btŠáiyah¡ FÅ¤jnjh® Éšyh® Fiuflš Nœªj nfhzkh kiy ak®ªjhnu

5. jhÆD« ešy jiytbu‹ woah® j«ko ngh‰¿ir¥ gh®fŸ thÆD« kd¤J« kUÉÃ‹ wfyh kh©ãd® fh©gy ntl® nehÆY« ãÂí« bjhÊy®ghš Ú¡» EiHjU üÈd® Phy« nfhÆY« Ridí« flYl‹ Nœªj nfhzkh kiy ak®ªjhnu.

g iu : gÅ¤j ïs« â§fŸ - FË®ªj ïs« ãiw¢ rªâuidí«, igªjiy ehf« - gRikahd jiyÆidíila ehf¤âidí«, gl®ril KoÆil it¤jh® - guªj rilahyh»a jkJ KoÆny jÇ¤jtU«, fÅ¤j ïs« Jt®thŒ - fÅngh‹w ïsiknahL Toa átªj thÆidíila, fhÇif ghfkhf K‹ fyªjt® - ckhnjÉia xU ghf¤âš bghUªâat®, kâšnkš - âÇòu§fË‹ nkš, jÅ¤j ng® cUt ÉÊjHš ehf« - x¥g‰w bgÇa m¢r¤ij¤ jU»‹w ÉÊÆidíila Mânrl‹ v‹D« gh«ãid, jh§»a nkU - ehzhf¥ bghUªâa nkUkiyÆid, btŠáiyahf¡ FÅ¤jnjh® Éšyh® - Éšyhf tis¤jt® Fiuflš Nœªj - xÈ¡»‹w flyhš NH¥g£l, nfhzkhkiyak®ªjhnu nfhzkhkiyÆš mk®ªâU¡»‹wh®. ã iwÆidí« gh«igí« rilÆ‰ jÇ¤jt U « , ckhnjÉia ïl¥ghf¤nj bghUªâatU«, âÇòu¤jtiu mÊ¡F« bghU£L nkUkiyia Éšyhf tis¤jtU« M»a átbgUkh‹ âU¡nfhzkiyÆš vGªjUËíŸsh®.

g iu : jhÆD« ešy jiytbu‹W - ghš ÃidªJ C£L« jhÆD« gh®¡f Äfî« m‹òila ešy jiyt® v‹WfUâ, moah® - moah®fŸ, j«ko ngh‰¿ir¥gh®fŸ - jkJ âUtofis¤ Jâ¤J¥ òfœth®fŸ, thÆD« kd¤J« kUÉ Ã‹W - m›toah®fsJ brhšÈY« kd¤âY« fyªJ Ã‹W, mfyh kh©ãd® - mt®fis É£L Ú§fh¥ bgUikÆid cilatU«, fh©gy ntl® m‹ghš Ãid¥gt®fŸ v›bt›thW Ãid¡»‹wh®fnsh m›t›thW fhz¤j¡f gy ntl¤âid cilatU«, nehÆY« ãÂí« bjhÊy® ghš Ú¡» - moik¤ bjh©L ó©l moah®fËl¤J mt® j« kd nehÆidí« cl‰ ãÂÆidí« Ú¡», EiHjU üÈd® - E£gkh»a ntj§fŸ Kjyh»a üšfË‹ c£bghUshíŸstUkh»a átãuhdh®, Phy« nfhÆY« Ridí« flYl‹ Nœªj - cy»‹ f©nz nfhÆY« Ridí« flyh‰ NH¥g£l, nfhzkhkiyak®ªjhnu - nfhzkhkiyÆš mk®ªâU¡»wh®. jhÆD« ešy jiytbu‹W tz§Fkoah®fË‹ kd¤âY« th¡»Y« ïU¥gtU« moah®fŸ ÉU«ãa toÉš tªJ mUS« gy tot¤ij cilatU« moatÇ‹ nehŒfis Ú¡FgtU« áwªj ü‰ bghUshíŸstUkh»a átbgUkh‹ nfhÆY« Ridí« flyh‰ NH¥g£l nfhzkhkiyÆš mk®ªâU¡»‹wh®. 6. gÇªJ e‹kd¤jhš tÊgLkhÂ j‹DÆ® nkštU« T‰iw¤ âÇªâlh t©z« cij¤jt‰ fUS« br«ikah® e«ik ahSilah®

4. gÊ¤âs§ f§if rilÆil it¤J¥ gh§Fil kjdid¥ bghoah ÉÊ¤jt‹ njÉ nt©lK‹ bfhL¤j Ékydh® fkykh® ghj® bjË¤JK‹ mu‰W« brG§ fl‰wus« br«bghD Ä¥ãí« RkªJ bfhÊ¤J t‹âiufŸ fiuÆil¢ nr®¡F« nfhzkh kiy ak®ªjhnu. g iu : gÊ¤J - (f§ifÆdJ nguh‰wiy) ïfœªJ, ïs§f§if rilÆil it¤J - áW JË asÉdjhf¡ f§ifia¢ rilÆny jÇ¤J, gh§Fil kjdid mHFila k‹kjid, bghoah ÉÊ¤J - rh«guhF« t©z« be‰¿¡ f©zh‰ gh®¤J, mt‹ njÉnt©l - mt‹ kidÉah»a ïuâ ba‹ghŸ ãuh®¤â¡f, K‹bfhL¤j Ékydh® - K‰fhy¤J xUehŸ mtS¡F kh¤âu« k‹kj‹ ïªJ xË

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

ÉÇªJa® bkstš khjÉ ò‹id nt§if t©brUªâ r©gf¤â‹ FUªbjhL Kšiy bfhoÉL«bghÊš Nœ nfhzkh kiy ak®ªjhnu.

ifiyia vL¤j ïuhtz‹ jU¡if ml¡»¥ ã‹ mt‹ nt©l mUŸ brŒjtuhŒ¥ ãw¥ãšyhjtuhŒ¤ j¡fdJ ntŸÉia¤ jL¤jtuhŒ¥ ã‹ mtD¡F mUS« thœî« mË¤jtuhŒ¥ òfGilatuhŒ cŸs átãuhdh® âU¡nfhz khkiyÆš mk®ªJŸsh®.

g iu : gÇªJ - m‹ò brŒJ, e‹ kd¤jhš tÊgL khÂ j‹ cÆ®nkš - ešy kd¤njhL tÊgL»‹w ãuk¢rhÇah»a kh®¡f©nlaUila cÆiu¡ ftU« bghU£L, tU« T‰iw - tU»‹w akid, âÇªâlh t©z« cij¤J - khW glh t©z« cij¤J, mt®¡fUS« br«ikah® - m« kh®¡f©nla®¡F mUŸ brŒí« br«ik¤ j‹ikia íilatU«, e«ik MSilah® e«ik moikahf cilatUkh»a átbgUkh‹, ÉÇªJa® bkstš - ÉÇªJa®ªJ gl®ªJŸs kšÈifí«, khjÉ - khjÉí«, ò‹id - ò‹id kuK«, nt§if - nt§if kuK«, t©brUªâ - ts¥gkhd brUªâí«, r©gf¤â‹ r©gf ku¤âbdhL, FUªbjhL - FUªj kunkhL, Kšiy - Kšiy¡ bfhoí«, bfhoÉL« bghÊš Nœ - jiH¤J ts®»‹w nrhiyah‰ NH¥g£l, nfhzkhkiy ak®ªjhnu - nfhzkhkiyÆš mk®ªâU¡»wh®. m‹nghL tÊgL»‹w kh®¡f©nla® bghU£lhf akid cij¤J mt®¡F mUŸ brŒjtU«, e«ik aoikahf îilatUkh»a átbgUkh‹ kšÈif KjÈa ky®fŸ ÃiwªJŸs nrhiynahL Toa nfhzkhkiyÆš mk®ªâU¡»‹wh®.

8. mUtuh bjhUif bt©liy naªâ mfªbjhW« gÈíl‹ ò¡f bgUtuh íiwí« Ú®ika® Ó®ik¥ bgU§flš t©zD« ãuk‹ ïUtU k¿ah t©z bkhŸbsÇah ca®ªjt® bga®ªj e‹kh‰F« FUtuhŒ Ã‹wh® FiufHš tz§F« nfhzkh kiy ak®ªjhnu. g iu : mUtuhJ - mUtU¤jiy¢ brŒahJ, xU if bt©jiy Vªâ - xU âU¡fu¤âny bt©Âwkhd fghy¤ij Vªâ, mfªbjhW« gÈíl‹ ò¡f bgUtuhŒ - åLfŸ njhW« ã¢ir V‰F« bghU£L¥ bgUªj‹ik cilatuhŒ, ciwí« Ú®ika® - j§F»‹w ïašãid cilat®, Ó®ik - áw¥òila, bgU§flš t©zD« bgÇa flš nghY« Úy Ãw¤ijíila âUkhY«, ãukD« ãukDkh»a, ïUtUk¿aht©z« - ïUtuhY k¿ahjgo, xŸ vÇahŒ ca®ªjt® - xËÄ¡f beU¥ò¥ ãs«ghf ca®ªjt®, bga®ªj e‹ kh‰F« - âUtoia¡ fhzhJ Û©L tªj âUkhY¡F«, FUtuhŒ Ã‹wh® - FU_®¤âahŒ És§»at®, FiufHš tz§F« - m¤âUkhyhdt® r¥â¡»‹w fHyÂªj âU¥ghj¤ij tz§F« nfhzkhkiyak®ªjhnu bgUiknahL Toa nfhzkhkiyÆš mk®ªâU¡»‹wh®. åLfŸ njhW« gÈna‰w bgUikíilatU« âUkhY«, ãukD« m¿ahj t©z« nrhâ¥ ãH«ghŒ Ã‹wtU« âUkhY¡F¡ FUthŒ tªjtUkh»a átãuhdh® nfhzkhkiyÆš mk®ªJŸsh®.

7. vL¤jt‹ jU¡if ïÊ¤jt® Éuyhš V¤âl M¤jkh« ngW bjhL¤jt® bršt« njh‹¿a ãw¥ò« ïw¥g¿ ahjt® ntŸÉ jL¤jt® td¥ghš it¤jnjh® fUiz j‹dU£ bgUikí« thœî« bfhL¤jt® ÉU«ò« bgU« òfHhs® nfhzkh kiy ak®ªjhnu.

9. Ã‹W QŠrkQ« ïUªJQª njU« be¿ayh jdòw§ Tw bt‹W eŠR©Q« gÇád® xUghš bkšÈa byhL Kldh»¤ J‹W bkh©bgst bkstYŠ NœªJ jhœªJW âiugy nkhâ¡ F‹W bkh©fhdš thr« tªJyî« nfhzkh kiy ak®ªjhnu.

g iu : vL¤jt‹ jU¡if - ifiykiyia vL¤j ïuhtzdJ f®t¤ij, ïÊ¤jt® Éuyhš - jkJ fh‰ bgUÉuiy¢ á¿nj C‹¿¡ bfL¤jt®, V¤âl ã‹ m› Éuhtz‹ tz§f, M¤jkh« ngW bjhL¤jt® - bghU£ bršt« KjÈa bgWj‰FÇa bršt§fŸ gyt‰iwí« bfhL¤jt®, njh‹¿a ãw¥ò ïw¥ò m¿ahjt® - cy»ny njh‹Wjyh»a ãw¥ãidí« ïw¥ãidí« m¿ahjt®, ntŸÉ jL¤jt® - j«ik kâahj j¡f‹ brŒj ntŸÉia åug¤âu® _y« jL¤jt®, td¥ghš it¤jnjh® fUiz - mHFlnd j«Äl¤ij bfh©LŸs x¥g‰w fUizahš, j‹dU£ bgUikí« thœî« bfhL¤jt® - j¡fD¡F¤ jkJ mUisí« bgUikÆidí« bgUthœití« bfhL¤jt®, ÉU«ò« bgU« òfHhs®, ÉU«g¤j¡f bgÇa òfiHíilat®, nfhzkhkiyak®ªjhnu - nfhzkhkiyÆš mk®ªâU¡»wh®. ïªJ xË

g iu : Ã‹WQŠrkQ« - Ã‹W bfh©L c©Q»‹w rkz®fS«, ïUªJ c©Q« njU« - ïUªJ bfh©L c©Q»‹w bgs¤j®fS«, be¿ašyhjd òw« Tw Kwika‰w (Ãaha¤J¡F¥) òwkhd brh‰fis¢ brhšy, bt‹W - m¢ rkz®fsJ«, ò¤j®fsJ« brh‰nghiu bt‹W, eŠR c©Q« gÇád® - mt®fË£l eŠáid c©L cÆ® ãiH¤jyh»a nk«g£l j‹ikÆid cilat®fsh»a moah®fŸ, xUghš - xU g¡f¤âny NœªJ Ã‰f, bkšÈa 11

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

ìììììììììììììììì

byhL Kldh» - ckhnjÉia ïl¥ghf¤âny bghUªâ, J‹W« x© bgst« - beU§»a áwªjflyhdJ, bkstYŠ NœªJ - kšÈiffSl‹ NœªJ, jhœªJW âiu gynkhâ - Ä¡f âiufŸ jhœªJ« vGªJ« x‹nwhblh‹W nkhJjiy¢ brŒJ, F‹W - kiyÆl§fËY«, x©fhdš - ca®ªj fl‰fiu¢ nrhiyfËY«, thr« tªJ cyî« nfhzkhkiyak®ªjhnu - ešy ky®fË‹ thrid tªJ nrU»‹w nfhzkhkiyÆš mk®ªâU¡»‹wh®. rkz®fS« bgs¤j®fS« be¿ jt¿¥ ngr mt®fis bt‹w moah®fŸ NœªJ Ã‰f ckhnjÉia xU ghf¤nj bfh©L És§F»‹w átãuh‹ miynkhJjnyhL ky®fË‹ eWkz« tªJ nrU»‹w nfhzkhkiyÆš mk®ªJŸsh®.

csf;fz; jpwf;Fk; jpwTNfhy; (=kj; Rthkp nfq;fhjuhde;jh[p)

ìììììììììììììììì kufjkiy Nghd;w njd;fapiy khkiyapy; eHj;jdk; MLk; eHj;jfkzpNa! kufjf;fhy; rpyk;nghyp Nfl;f jpUkiy ,iwth te;Njd; cd;jhs; ,izf;F tUf tUf vd;W tuNtw;W tuk;je;j tujehafh tuU[p U[pj;Njhh; ,fU[p mwpahh; rptNd!

10 F‰w Äšyhjh® Fiuflš Nœªj nfhzkh kiy ak®ªjhiu¡ f‰Wz® nfŸÉ¡ fhÊa® bgUkh‹ fU¤Jil Phd r«gªj‹ c‰w brªjÄHh® khiy piuªJ« ciu¥gt® nf£gt® ca®ªnjh® R‰w Kkh»¤ bjhšÉid ailah® njh‹Wt® thÅil¥ bghÈªnj.

ePuhk;gy; G+kzj;ij ePHtho; ePhpdk; EfHtjpy;iy ePuiyapy; fye;JtUk; rpyk;nghyp ehjj;ij %lHfs; klikahy; czHthupy;iy %Hj;jp jyk; jPHj;jk; vd;w Kg;ngUk; ];jy ngUikia czHe;Njhh; %g;Gk; gpzpAk; mfw;wp Kf;jp ,d;gk; milthh; Iakpy;iy vd; IaNd!

g iu : F‰wÄšyhjh®; Mzt KjÈa F‰wÄšyhjtuh»a, Fiuflš Nœªj nfhzkhkiy ak®ªjhiu - xÈ¡»‹w flyhš NH¥g£l âU¡nfhzkiyÆš vGªjUË ïU¡»‹w ïiwtiu, f‰Wz® nfŸÉ - gy üšfis¡ f‰w fšÉa¿î«, nfŸÉa¿îKila, fhÊa® bgUkh‹ - Ó®fhÊ¤ jy¤âš thœth®¡F¤ jiytuhíŸstU«, fU¤Jil Phd r«gªj‹ - átPhd¤âny gâªj fU¤âid cilatuh»a âUPhd r«gªj¥ bgUkh‹, c‰w brªjÄœ M® khiy piuªJ« - Rit bghUªâa brªjÄHhš Ãiwªj ghkhiyah»a g¤J¥ ghlšfS«, ciu¥gt® - XJgt®fS«, nf£gt® Xj¡ nf£gt®fS«, ca®ªnjh® R‰wKkh» - jt¤jhY« Phd¤jhY« ca®ªj nk‹ k¡fis¤ jk¡F¢ R‰wkhf¥ bghUªâ, bjhšÉid milah® - giHa Éidah»a rŠáj ÉidÆ‹ jh¡Fjiy milahuhŒ, njh‹Wt® thÅil¥ bghÈªJ - thd¤nj nkyhf És§Ft®. âU¡nfhzkiyÆš vGªjUËÆU¡F« átãuhdhiu¢ Ó®fhÊÆš mtjÇ¤j âUPhd r«gªj® ghoa âU¥ghkhiyia¥ go¥gtU« nf£gtU« ï«ikÆš ca®ªnjh® e©guhŒ kWikÆš njt® jiytuhŒ És§Ft®. ï¤jy¤âš vGªjUËÆU¡F« m«ik a¥gÇ‹ âUehk§fŸ bfh‰wt‹ Fo ckhgâ áth¢rhÇah® mUË¢ brŒj átehk¡ fÈ bt©ghÉ‰ f©ld.

csf;fz; jpwf;Fk; jpwTNfhy; ,q;Fjhd; cz;L NtW vq;Fk; NjlNtz;lhk; cr;rpkiyapy; jtf;Fifapy; cs;slf;fp cs;Nehf;fp ,Ue;jhy; mff;fz; jpwf;Fk; cz;ik Nfhuf;f KdptH nra;j jtg;gadhy; jpUkiyapy; te;jku;e;j jpUkiy Njth nfhLikfis khsitj;J mUs; GhpAk; mUl; ngUk; fUizf; flNy! NtjidAk; NrhjidAk; epiwe;j capNuhl;lk; epw;Fk; Ntisapy; capHg;gpf;Fk; ,ul;rfNd! tj;ryg; gpupaNd cd; jpUj;jhs; kfpikia vt;;thW vLj;Jiug;Ngd; rpd;kahde;jNd! njl;rzfapiykiy mkpHjh cd; nghw;ghjj;ij gj;u Gl;gk; J}tp G+[pf;fmUs; Ghptha;! kpNyr;ruhy; mopj;Jk;; mopahky; epd;Wnrq;fjpH tPrpepw;Fk; nrQ;rilatNd khdrPf ypq;fj;ij kdjhy; G+i[nra;J nksdkha;

,Uf;Fk; nksdpfshyd;wp cd;;id NtW ahuwpthH? jq;fj; jkpopy; nehe;Jnehe;J cUfp cd; jpUg;Gfo; ghbthOk; ey;ybahiu jq;fg; ghjkyhpy; itj;J mizj;jpLtha; Nrhgpjypq;f mUs;kzpNa!

‘‘k‹D âU¡nfhz khkiyÆ‹ khJik nr® bgh‹nd nfhnzr¥ òuhjd - e‹daŠ nr®’’ v‹gjh«. ïªJ xË

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

äääääääääääääääääääääää

âU¡nfhnzÞtu® khJik m«ghŸ njuo¢ áªJ njuo¢ áªJ fÉP® . É. áf©ojhr‹

äääääääääääääääääääääää

gšyÉ zkh kiyÆÅny nfhÆš bfh©lUŸ òÇí« khJik njÇš tU»whŸ - m‹id khJik njÇš tU»whŸ

nfh

ÓuhU« flš Nœªj âU¡nfhzkiyÆÅny

nfhnzr® njÇš tU»‹wh® - âU¡ nfhnzr® njÇš tU»‹wh® nksK« ehjK« nr®ªJ ïir¤âl nkyt® PhÅat® thœ¤â tz§»l (ÓuhU«...) khJik JiznahL ikªj®fŸ nr®ªJtu Mjt‹ nghy tU»‹wh® - nfhnzr® Mjt‹ nghy tU»‹wh® njthu¥ ghlšfŸ njdhŒ ïÅ¤âl njL« moah®fŸ ngh‰¿¥ gÂªâl (ÓuhU«...) r«gªj‹ njthuK« mUz»Ç âU¥òfG« bfh©l bgUikíilat® - nfhnzr® bfh©l bgUikíilat® ïuhtz‹ nrhH®fŸ ngh‰¿ tz§»a nguhd bršt§fŸ bgUikfŸ Toa (ÓuhU«...) ã£L¡F k© RkªJ nguUŸ òÇªj át‹ g¡j®fis fh¡f tU»‹wh® - j‹ g¡j®fis fh¡f tU»‹wh® ML« fiyP®fŸ Mo tunt‰f ghL« fiyP®fŸ gho tunt‰f (ÓuhU«...) bj£rz ifyha¤âš ï¢ brf« fh¡FÛr‹ ï‹dUŸ òÇa tU»‹wh® - <r‹ ï‹dUŸ òÇa tU»‹wh® f‰óu Ôg§fŸ f©iz¡ ft®ªâl m‰òj¡ fh£áfŸ mid¤J« Ãfœªâl (ÓuhU«...) Mâaªj« ïšyhj mU« bgU« nrhâbad mk®ªj v§fçÞtu‹ - kiyÆÅš mk®ªj v§fçÞtu‹ v¤jid m‰òj« ï§F òÇªjt‹ v§F« Ãiwªjt‹ všyh« m¿ªjt‹ (ÓuhU«...) á¤âu¤ njÇÅny á§fhukhŒ mk®ªJ m®¤jdh® gtÅ tU»wh® - v§fŸ m®¤jdh® gtÅ tU»wh® m‹g®fŸ Tona tl« bjh£L ïG¤âl ï‹g§fŸ bgh§»l J‹g§fŸ Ú§»l (ÓuhU«...) ïªJ xË

âiuflš bj‹wY« njthu Äir¤âl tiukfŸ v‹w‹g® tªJ tz§»l

(nfhzkh)

ruz§fŸ <rdhUl‹ nr®ªJ ïl¥ghfÄU¡F« njÉ nerkhŒ mUs tU»whŸ - njÉ nerkhŒ mUs tU»whŸ

âU¡nfhzkiy ba§F« bjŒåf« ky®ªâl

mUŸ kiH mKâid m‹g®fŸ gU»l (nfhzkh) Mo¤â§fŸ óu¤âny nfhoÆ‹g kUSk‹id ehoey« mUs tU»whŸ - v«ik ehoey« mUs tU»whŸ k§fs th¤âa fhd« KH§»l k§ifa® Ôg§fŸ V‰¿¥ gÂªâl

(nfhzkh)

m£lkh á¤âfis mË¤âL« Mâr¡â ï£lKl‹ fh¡f tU»whŸ - r¡â ï£lKl‹ fh¡f tU»whŸ f£L¡ fiybaÊš f©iz¥ g¿¤âl v£L¤ âirÆY« ï‹g« bgU»l

(nfhzkh)

F§Fk« jªJFy khjiu¡ fh¤jUS« m§ifa‰ f©Â tU»whŸ - mHF m§ifa‰ f©Â tU»whŸ v§F« ÃiwªjtŸ všyh« m¿ªjtŸ j§f mÂfis¤ jh§»¢ áÇ¥gtŸ

(nfhzkh)

mHFt©z¤ njÇÅny mHFkâ nghyk®ªJ cyfhS« njÉ tU»whŸ - njÇš cyfhS« njÉ tU»whŸ bgUikia¢ brhšÈna moah®fŸ ghol fU« Tªjš t©zkhŒ flyiy Mol (nfhzkh) bjhšiyíW« khÅl®fŸ tšÉidia¤ Ô®¤jUS« tšyik r¡â tU»whŸ - v§fŸ tšyik r¡â tU»whŸ Nu® Fy¤âid ntnuhL mW¤jtŸ åu® ey« bgw bt‰¿ jUgtŸ 13

(nfhzkh)

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

âUKiwfËš âU¡nfhnzÞtu« f. fzgâ¥ãŸis

Jtiu »il¤j njthu¤ âUKiwfSŸ fhÊ ntªj® 219 jy§fS¡F« ehntªj® 125 jy§fS¡F« Rªju® 84 jy§fS¡F« gâf§fŸ ghoíŸsd®. ïita‹¿, nkY« gy üW jy§fis mt®fŸ tz§» ghoíŸsd®. ïj‰F mt®fŸ âUthŒky®ªjUËa nB¤âu¡ nfhit, C®¤bjhif, âUeh£L¤ bjhif, nB¤âu¡nfhit¤ âU¤jh©lf«, milî¤ âU¤jh©lf«, v‹gdî« ãwjy¤J¥ gâf§fS« rh‹wh»‹wd. gâf« bgwhj jy§fŸ, ãwjy¤J¥ gâf§fËš ïl«bgW« nghJ mit it¥ò¤ jy§fŸ M»‹wd. ï¤jy§fSŸ _t® KjÈfŸ br‹W tÊglhj ïka¤jy§fS« <Heh£L¤ jy§fS« gyî©L. tl¡»š, $gU¥gj«, ïªâu Úy¥gU¥gj«, mndf§fhtj«, beho¤â‹kiy v‹gdî«, <H¤âš nfjhu«, âU¡nfhnzÞtu«, âU¡nfÔÞtu«, fâ®fhk«

jUtjhF«.

v‹gdî« ïl«bgW»‹wd. <Heh£L¤ âU¥gâfSŸ, âU¡nfÔ¢ru¤J¡F r«gªj¥ ãŸisahU« RªjuU« ghoa gâf tot§fŸ c©L. Mdhš nfhzkiy¡F¡ fhÊntªj® gâf« k£Lnk c©L. mâY« VHh« ghlš kiwªjik tU¤j‰FÇaJ. ïªj ÃiyÆš nfÔ¢ru¤J¡F m¥gU«, nfhzkiy¡F m¥gnuhL RªjuU« K»œ¤j âUKiw¥ gâf§fŸ ïªehŸtiu ek¡F »il¡fhik ekJ jt¡FiwntahF«. ïUªJ« m¥gU« RªjuU« mUËa nB¤âu¡nfhit¤ jh©lf«, C®¤bjhif, âUeh£L¤bjhif¥ gâf§fËš âU¡nfhnzÞtu«, m›ÉU tuhY« it¥ò¤ jykhf¥ ghl¥g£oU¥gJ k»œî

x‹whf ky®»wJ bj¡fhukh nfhzgâ. bj¡F M® m kh nfhy« v‹gJ ïj‹ ãÇ Ãiy. bj¡F - bj‰F, ï~J vJif neh¡»¡ áijªjJ. m‹¿, bj¡fz« v‹gj‹ áijî vÅDkikí«. m.kh. nfhz« v‹D« bjhl® bkhÊ mªj khnfhz« v‹nwh mH»a khnfhz« v‹nwh bghUŸ jU«. vdnt, bj‰F¤ âirÆ‹f© bghUªâa mªj khnfhz« v‹gJnt ï¤bjhl® bkhÊ jU« bghUshF«. ï§F kyU« nfhz« vJ v‹gJ MuhŒî¡FÇaJ. ï¥gâf¤âš cŸs ghlšfŸ mid¤âY« tlfÆiy ghl¥gL»‹wJ. mjndhL bj‹fÆiyfŸ _‹¿DŸ âÇ¢áuh¥gŸËí« fhs¤â kiyí« Vida ghlšfËš mt‰nwhL ïizªj

ïªJ xË

ehntªj® ehÉš âU¡nfhnzÞtu« âUbeŒ¤jhd« âUehî¡fur® ghoa jy§fSŸ x‹W. mâš,. “j¡fh® moah®¡F Úna v‹W« jiyah® fÆyha« Úna v‹W« m¡fhu« ó©lhí« Úna v‹W« M¡TÇš jh‹ njh‹¿ Úna v‹W« ò¡fha VGyF« Úna v‹W« òŸËU¡F ntquhŒ Úna v‹W« bj¡fhu khnfhz¤ jhnd v‹W« Ã‹w beŒ¤ jhdh v‹ beŠRshna!” v‹gJ m¥gâf¤âš Mwh« ghlš. ï¤âU¥gh£L it¥ò¤ jy§fŸ gyt‰iw¡ bfh©L bghÈtJ. mt‰WŸ

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

khnfhzkiyí« fh£ájUtJ Éa¥g‹W. vdnt, ïªj¡ nfhz« âÇnfhznkahF«, v‹gJ bjËî. ïÅ, ï§F F¿¥ãL« khnfhz«, F«gnfhz« MjY« TLnkh vd ek¡F Ia« njh‹wyh«. Mdhš mJ bghUªJtj‹W. m¥gU«, r«gªjU« ».ã. 7M« ü‰wh©oš thœªjd® v‹gJ tuyh‰W Koò. m›ÉUtU« m¡fhy¤âš F«gnfhz¤ij Flªij Fl_¡F v‹nw gâf« ghoíŸsd®. r«gªj® gy jy§fisí« it¤J¥ ghoa gâf« x‹nwahF«. mJ nB¤âu¡ nfhit¥ gâf«. m¥gâf¤âš Kj‰ ghlÈš “Flªij” ghL»‹wh®. ïu©lh« ghlÈš fÆiy v‹W« “nfhz«” v‹W« jÅ¤jÅ ãÇ¤J¥ ghL»‹wh®. vdnt xU gâf¤ânyna r«gªj¥ãŸisahuhš “Flªij” vdî« “nfhz«” vdî« xU jy« R£L¥ bga®fŸ ïl«bgwh v‹gJ bjËî. vdnt nfhz« v‹gJ F«gnfhz« m‹W, mJ âÇnfhznk v‹gJ Koî. m¥g® mUËa milî âU¤jh©lf«, âUtâif ghLtJ. mâš x›bthU jh©lf¤âY« mâifnahL ntW gy jy§fisí« áªâ¡»‹wh® ehntªj®. MwhtJ ghlÈš “g›t« âÇí« gF¥gjK«” v‹D« bjhl® fh£á jU»‹wJ. ï§F, g›t« v‹gJ nguhÊ. g›t« âÇí« gF¥gjK« v‹gj‰F¢ rK¤âu miyfŸ tªJ nkhJ« kiy v‹gJ bghUŸ. ïªj ÃiyÆš “gF¥gj«” v‹gJ “$gF¥gj«” v‹D« jykhjY« TLnkh v‹gJ v§fŸ Ia«. $ gU¥gj« - $ify«. mJnt kšÈfh®¢rz« MF«. ïJ tleh£oš fhüš ÍšyhÉš »UZzheâ¡ fiuÆš cŸsJ. ï¤jy« kiyÆš mikªâU¥ãD« nguhÊia mL¤jJ m‹W. nkY« ïªj milî âU¤jh©lf¤ânyna gâbdhuh« ghlÈš ïy§fh® gU¥gj¤njhL vzh®nrhiy¡fhdh® kÆyh® fUkhÇí« vd¥ gU¥gj« g›t« Ú¡»¢ brhšy¥gLtjhš gU¥gjkh»a kšÃfh®¢Rd« ntW, g›t« âÇí« gU¥gj« ntW v‹gJ KoghF«. Mfnt, g›t« âÇí« gU¥gj« nfhzkiyahf¤jh‹ ïU¤jš nt©L«.

“nfh£l« bfh©lh® Fl_¡»YŒ nfhtY« nfh¤â£ilí« nt£l§ bfh©lh® bt©bzŒ ešÿÇš it¤bjid MS«bfh©lh® vd tUtJ âUehtÿ®¥ gâf¤â‹ Mwh« ghlš. ïâš r«gªj® ghoa nB¤âu¡ nfhit¥ ghliy¢ nr®¤JÉLf. m¥ghliy ïWâÆš vGâíŸns‹. ï§F F¿¡f¥gL« Fl_¡F F«gnfhzkhF«. vdnt ».ã. 9M« ü‰wh©oY« F«gnfhz« Fl_¡F vdnt tH§f¥g£L tªjik bjËthF«. ït® fhy¤j‹¿ 15M« ü‰wh©oš thœªj mUz»Çah® fhy¤âY« F«gnfhz¤â‰F, Flªij Fl_¡F v‹D« bga®fŸ tH¡»š ïUªjikia mt® ghoa âU¥òfœ¥ gh£L¡fŸ tÈíW¤J»‹wd. ïÅ Rªju® ghoa C®bjhif 9M« ghlÈš “òfÿ®¥ nghjh _Juh” v‹D« bjhl® fh£á jU»‹wJ. ï§F¡ F¿¡f¥gL« _ö®¥gâ vJ?” v‹gJ Édh. m¥g® RthÄfS« âUtâif¥ bgUkhid “mâif _ö® muáid” vd tG¤J»‹wh®. ï§F _ö®, mâif v‹D« milbkhÊ bfh©LŸsJ. mâif ö® v‹gJ mâifah»a _ö® vd ÉÇí«. Mdhš Rªju® jGî brhš vJîÄ‹¿ “_öuh” v‹»wh® C®¤bjhif¥ gâf¤âš. âUtâif¡F _ö® v‹D« bga® tH¡F ïJtiu »il¤j âUKiwfËš ntbw§F« fhz¥glÉšiy. vdnt Rªju® ghL« _ ö® <H¤J _öuhÆ‹ m¤jy« âUkiyia mL¤JŸs mf¤âa® jhgd« vd¥gL« “âU¡fuir¥gâ” MjY« TL«. âU¡fuir nrhH® fhy¤âš áw¥ò‰¿UªjJ v‹gJ tuyh‰W©ik. _t® KjÈfis mL¤J nfhzkiyia Ãidªjt® gândhuhª âUKiwÆš m§f« t»¡F« g£od¤J¥ ãŸisah®. ït® e«ãah©lh®e«ã fhy¤J¡F Kªâat®. ït®, ã‰fhy¤âš g¤âuáÇ k‹dD¡F¡ FUthf mikªjtU« nfhz»Ç v‹D« âUt©zhkiyÆš njh‹¿atU« âUbth‰¿ôÇš K¤âailªjtUkh»a g£od¤jofË‹ ntwhth®. âUKiw¥g£od¤J¥ãŸisah® ghoa üšfŸ IªJ. mt‰WŸ âU Vf«gKilah® âUtªjhâí« x‹W. mâš,

Rªju® ehÉš nfhnzÞtu« m¥gU« r«gªjU« nB¤âu¡ nfhit fis¥ ghoÆU¥g, C®bjhif âUeh£L¤ bjhif v‹W« òâa mik¥òfis¥ ghoat® Rªju®. mt® mUËa C®¤ bjhifÆš,

“Ãiw¡fh£lhnd beŠr¤jhnd Ã‹¿ôuhnd Äiw¡fh£lhnd òdšnr®rilahŒ mdš nr®ifahnd kiw¡fh£lhnd âUkhªJiwahŒ kh nfhz¤jhnd ïiw¡fh£lhna v§f£F‹id v«kh‹ j«khnd.” vd tUtJ _‹wh« ghlš. ï§F¡ F¿¥ãL« khnfhz« <Heh£L¤ âÇnfhz nkahF«. ïJî« F«gnfhz« MjY« TLnkh vÅš mJ bghUªJtj‹W. ».ã. 9M« ü‰wh©L K‰gFâÆš thœªjt® Rªju®. mt® F«gnfhz¤ij¥ ghoa gâf« ïJtiu »il¡fÉšiy. »il¡fhÉoD« ãwjy§fËš F«gnfhz¤ij¥ ghL»wh® mt®. ïªJ xË

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

“Miya§ fh®fU fhit¢ N®âU¡ fhÇfiu ntiya§ nfW âUth‹Ä ô®âU Cwš Ä¡f nrhiya§ fh®âU¥ nghªij K¡nfhz« bjhl®fL¡if khiya‹ thœâUthy§fh nlf«g« thœ¤JÄnd.” v‹gJ 65 M« ghlš. _tiu x¤J g£od¤J¥ ãŸisah® gyjy§fËš Vf«gKilahiu it¤J¥ ghL»‹wh®. ï¥gh£oš K¡nfhz« ïl«bgW»‹wJ. K¡nfhz« v‹gJ âUnfhzªjhnd. vdnt âÇnfhzkiy, g£od¤jofŸ cŸs¤âY« ó¤JŸsJ. Mdhš K¡nfhz« v‹gJ K¡Tlyh»a âUTlkiyiaí« ÃidîgL¤jyh«. nfhz« v‹D« brhš Tl¤ij¡ F¿¥gj‹W. vdnt mJ bghUªjhbj‹f. m›thW bghUªJtjhÆD« nfhnzRtu¤J¡FÇa gy bga®fSŸ âÇTl« v‹gJ« xU bgauhF«. vdnt ï§F¡ F¿¡f¥gL« K¡nfhz« âÇnfhzkiyiaí« cŸsl¡»abjdyh«. ïtiuaL¤J, g‹Åu©lhª âUKiwÆš nfhzkiyia¥ ghL»‹wh® nr¡»Hh®. ïJ r«gªj¥ãŸisah® nfhzkiyia tz§»¤ njthu« ghoaij¡ F¿¥gJ. ãŸisah® nfhzkiy¥ gâf¤ij ïuhnkRtu¤âš Ã‹W ghodh® v‹gJ nr¡»Hh® fU¤J. m¥gFâia

RªjuDóâ ghoa âU¥gâ nfhzkiyahf mik»wJ. ï~J MuhŒ¢á¡FÇaJ. ï¤ âU¥òfœ m‹¿ nkY« ïu©L âU¥òfœ¥ ghlšfŸ âU¡nfhzkiyauir¥ ngh‰W »‹wd. mt‰WŸ x‹W bjhL¤jthbjd¤ bjhl§FtJ. ï¥ghlš KoÉš “mU¡ bfhzhkiy jU¡FyhÉa bgUkhnd” v‹D« gFâ ïl« bgW»‹wJ. ï§F F¿¡f¥gL« "mU¡bfhzkhiy” jy¥ bga® MF«. âU¥òfœ¥ ghlšfŸ KGtijí« Kj‰f© njo¥ gâ¥ã¤jt® “É¤âahghD" v‹D« kháif MáÇa® âU. K. uh. fªjrhÄ¡fÉuha®. mt® áwªj irt¤ jÄH¿P®. mt® F‹W njhwhlš âU¥òfœ¥ gFâÆš KUfD¡FÇa gy F‹w§fis tÇir¥gL¤J»‹wh®. mâš <H¤J¡ F‹w§fS« bghÈ»‹wd. mt‰iw m›tÇir¥gL¤J«nghJ fâ®fhk« mU¡bfhzhkiy, âU¡nfhzkiy vd Ãuny jU»‹wh®. ït‰WŸ mU¡bfhzhkiy ghujeh£L¥ gâahÆ‹ m¤jy« mJ fâ® fhk¤J¡F« âU¡nfhzkiy¡F« ïilÆš òFªâU¡f KoahJ. m‹¿í« ghuj¤âš mU¡bfhzhkiy¡F« ïilÆš òFªâU¡f KoahJ. m‹¿í« ghuj¤âš mU¡bfhzhkiy v‹W« jy« v›Él¤J« ïšiy v‹gJ ahtU« m¿ªj c©ik. vdnt m~J <H¤jy« v‹gJ bjËth»‹wJ. <H¤âY« mU¡bfhzhkiy v‹D« gânt¿šiy v‹gJ« ehk¿ªjnj. vdnt ï¥gâ âU¡nfhzkiyna v‹gJ KothF«. ï§F mUikbfhzhkiy v‹gJ mU¡bfhzhkiy vd ïizªjJ. nfhzkiyia¡ nfhzkiy v‹nw mUz»Çah® Kj‰ghlÈY« tH§»íŸsh®. mL¤jghlš Fâiu¡ F‹w¤ijí« nfhzkiyiaí« ïizªJ ghoaJ. m¥ghlš ghuÉj K¤j¥gOuòsf« vd¤ bjhl§FtJ. mâš,

“mªefÇš mk®ªj§fŸ ïÅJnkÉ MÊòil NœªbjhÈ¡F« <Hªj‹Åš k‹DâU¡nfhzkiy k»œªjbr§f© kHÉilah® Jik¥ngh‰¿ tz§»¥ gho br‹Åkâ òidkhl khnjh£l¤âš âU¡nfÔ¢ru¤ j©zš brŒaghj« c‹ÅÄf¥ gÂªnj¤â m‹gnuhL« cythj »Êbg‰nwh® ctifí‰wh®."

nj® ïuÉ c£»¥ò fhKJò u¤âš bjrháuid k®¤â‰w - mÇkha‹ Ó®kUf m¤í¡u ahidgL« u¤e¤Ç nfhz»Æ y¤J¡u - fâ®fhk åuòd bt‰ã‰f yhã baÆz¢á¡F nkfiyÆil¡ bfh¤â‹ - ïUjhÅ‹ nt» kiHÆ‰ g¢ir ntÆyUz¡f‰iw ntšfËš mf¥g£l - bgUkhnd!

v‹»wh® nr¡»Hh® bgUkh‹. ïJtiu nfhzkiyauir m¥g®, Rªju® âUKiw¥ g£od¤j¥g® v‹ngh® tG¤âa gFâfŸ fh£l¥g£ld. ï¥gFâfŸ âUKiw¥ gFâ. Mdhš âUKiw¢ áw¥ò fSl‹ âU¥òfœ¢ áw¥òKilaJ nfhzkiy. ïJtiu nfhzkiy¡FÇa âU¥òfHhf “Éiy¡F nkÅÆš mÂ¡ nfhit” vd¤ bjhl§F« âU¥òfœ cŸsJ. m¥ghlÈš eh‹fh« fÊbeoš moahf tUtJ,

vdtU« ï¥gFâ KUf‹ mf¥g£L¤ j¥ã XlKoahj ïl§fis¤ jh§»¥ bghÈtJ. mit. fyhãah»a kÆš FwtŸË Æ‹ nkfiyaÂªj ïil mtsJ ïu©L ghj§fŸ. kiH¡ Tªjš, _§»š nghY« njhŸfŸ ntšnghY« f©fŸ, âUnfhzkiy, fâ®fhk« v‹gd. ï§F âÇnfhzkiyia mâí¡u ahidgL« ïu¤âd¤ âÇnfhz rÆy« v‹»wh® mUz»Çah®. rÆy« kiy, ïJtiu fh£oa rh‹Wfshš nfhzkiy¡F¤ âU¥òfœ¥ghlš x‹Wk£L« m‹W. ï‹D« _‹W ghlšfŸ c©L v‹gJ« bgw¥g£lJ.

“Ãiy¡F eh‹kiw kf¤jhd óRu® âU¡nfh zkiy jy¤jhW nfhòu Ãiy¡FŸ thÆÅš »Ë¥ghLóâÆš - tUnthnd” v‹D« gFâahF«. ï§F âU¡nfhzkiy jy¤jhWnfhòu ÃiyfSŸ thÆÅš »Ë¥ ghL óâÆš tUnthnd v‹D« gFâ áªjid¡FÇaJ. ï¡fU¤ij c‰W neh¡F« nghJ mUz»Çah® »Ë totªjh§» ïªJ xË

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

×××××××××××××××××××××××××××××

jpUf;NfhNz];tuKk; Rthkp nfq;fhjuhde;jh mth;fSk; (jh. rpahkshNjtp)

×××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××

Nrj;jpuj;ij jhprpj;jijAk;> jpUf; NfhNz]; t uj; j pd; kfpikiaAk; vLj;Jiuj;jpUe;jhh;. kw;wnwhd;W ,e;jpahtpy; Njrrhuj;jpd; NghJ xU ,];yhkpa #/gpia Rthkp[p re;jpj;jpUf;fpd;whh;. mth; 'cdJ Kg; g j; j puz; l htJ tajpy; eP fLe; j t rhjidahy; caHNahf rpj;jp ngw;W Qhd epiyia miltha;. me;j cd;dj epiy rKj;jpuk; fle;J nrd;Wjhd; cdf;Ff; fpilf;fg; NghfpwJ" vd;whh;. ,U jt rpNu~;lHfspd; jPhf ; f ; jhprd jpUthf;Fk; jpUf;NfhNz];tuj;jpNyjhd; epiwT ngw;wJ. jpUf;Nfhzkiy efhpy; Mq;fhq;Nf jq;fp ,Ue;j NghJk;> tlfiu tPjpapy; Xiyahy; mike; j rpwpa tP n lhd; i w jkJ NahfrhjidfSf;fhd gapw;rpf;F njhpT nra;jhh;. [dre;jbkpf;f vjw;Fk; mQ;rhj tPu czHr;rp nfhz;l kf;fspd; FbapUg;ghf mt;tplk; mike;jpUe;jJ. Rthkp[p ek;G+jphp caH gpuhkz Fyj;jpNy gpwe;J> nry;tr; nropg;gpy; tsHe;J> RfNghfq;fisj; Jwe;J> vspahh;f;F vspatdha; jk;ik khw;wpf; nfhz;L> gy Md;kPfg; gapw;rpfspy; mq;F jk;ik cl;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhh;. tlfiutPjp ,y;yj;jpy; XkFz;lk; mikj;J ehl; f zf; f py; ntspNa tuhky; cs; s pUe; J rhjidfis Nkw;nfhz;lNghjpYk;> jpUf;NfhNz];tuH Myak; Vfhf;u rpe;jidNahL jt rhjidfs; Nkw; nfhs;Sk; jtNahfpfSf;F cfe;j #oiy cilaJ. fw;ghiwfshyhd Fifs; Vfhe;jj;jpy; jtNahfj;ij yag;gLj;j ty;yit. vy;iyaw;w gue;j thDk;> ePyf;flYk;> flyiyapd; nkd;ikahd> xypAk; jto;e;J tUk; FspHe;j njd;wYk;> gRik Nghh;jj ; mlHe;j fhLfSk; nja;tPf mDgtq;fisj; Njhw;Wtpf;Fk;. jpUf;NfhNz];tuj;jpy; Rthkp[p NjHe;njLj;j FifahdJ ,yFtpy; vtUk; mq;F cl;Gf Kbahj ,lj;jpy; mike;jpUe;jJ. ,q;Fjhd; jkJ rhjidapd; cd; d j epiyia mila fLk; Kaw; ; r pia Nkw;nfhz;lhh;. jhd; Njh;e;njLj;j kiyf;Fiff;Fs; nrd;wJNk jpahdj;jpy; Mo;e;JtpLthh;. gjpdhW Mz;LfSf;F Nkyhf Nkw;nfhz;l gapw;rpfspdhy;

ushtpy; Cw;nwLj;jgpuk;k Qhdk; mUtpahf> rpw;uhwhf> Nguhwhf ,e;jpa kz;zpd; gy ,lq;fspYk; jto;e;J> <oj; jpUehl;bd; Gz;zpa G+kpahfpa jpUf; N fhNz]; t uj; j py; rq; f kkhfpa tuyhW gilj; j tNu jtrpNul; ; l H gpuk; k Qhdp Rthkp nfq;fhjuhde;jh. ,yq;ifapd; rptG+kp ahff; fUjg;gLtJ jpUf;Nfhzkiy. tuyhw;Wg; Gfo;kpf;f ghly; ngw;w ];jykhd jpUf;NfhNz];tuk; mike;j kz;zpNy> gpujhd tPjpapy; mike;j Md;kPf ];jhgdk; 'rptNahfrkh Nahfhr;rpukk;". ,jd; ];jhgfNu Rthkp nfq;fhjuhde;jh Mthh;. ,k; k fhd; ghujj; j pypUe; J te; J 1940 Mk; Mz;L ,aw;if md;idapd; tsk; nfhz;l mofpa ,yq;if kz;zpy; jk;fhy; gjpj;jhh;. ,q;F gy ,lq;fspy; jkJ rQ;rhuj;ij Nkw;nfhz;l Rthkp[p> 1953Mk; Mz;lstpy; jpUf;Nfhzkiyia ehb te;jhh;. Muk;gfhyj;jpy; Mr;rpukq;fs; gHzrhiyfs; ejpf;fiuNahL $ba Vfhe;j #o;epiyapy; miktNj rpwg;ghff; fUjg;gl;lJ. ,jdhy; Rthkp[p %J}H gFjpapy; mf];jpah; ];jhgdk; vd;w epiyaj;ij NjHe;njLj;jhh;. tw;whj Cw;whfg; gha;e;NjhLk; ntUfy; fq;ifg; gFjpia njhpT nra;j NghJk;> jpUf; N fhNz]; t u Mya kfpik Rthkp[pia ntFthf <Hf;fNt> ,t;thyaj;jpw;F mz;ikapy; jkJ ,Ug;gplj;ij khw;wpf;nfhz;lhH. jkJ ,yl;rpa Nehf;fk; epiwTwf;$ba Gz;zpa G+kp mJNt vd;gij me;jg; gtpj;jpukhd cs;sk; ed;whfNt czHe;jpUe;jJ. ,e;jj; njhptpw;F fhj;jpukhd ,uz;L fhuzq; fis Kd; itf; f yhk; . 'fw; N fhl; l k; " vopy; nghq; F k; NfusKk; jkpo; ehLk; NrUkplj; j py; mike;Js;sJ. jdJ FU rhe;jfphp ghghtplk; %d;W khjq;fs; fLikahd Md;kPfg; gapw;rpfisg; ngw; W f; nfhz; l hh; Rthkp[p. cj; j k rP l dhd ek; Rthkp[papd; mjP j gf; j piaAk; > Md; k P f Ntl;ifiaAk; ituhf;fpaj;ijAk; fz;Ltpae;j FU> kde;jpwe;J ciuahbdhh;. xU re;jh;g;gj;jpy; jhd; ,yq;iff;F te;J jpUf;Nfhzkiy vd;w Gz;zpa ïªJ xË

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

Ik;Gyd;fisAk; jd; takhf;fp> Mo;e;J nrd;W jtkpaw;w me;jr; $oy; ngUe;Jizahapw;W. Muk;g ehl;fspy; Fifapy; mkHe;J jpahdj;ij Kbj;Jf; nfhz;L tPL jpUk;Gthh;. Mdhy; ehshtl;lj;jpy;> Mo;e;j jpahdj;jpy; jd;id kwe;J> jd;ehkk; nfl;L mkHe;J tpl;lNtisfspy;> rpy ehl;fSf;F jd; ,Ug;gplk; jpUk;ghkNy ,uT gfyhf jpahdj;jpy; jd;idf; fiuj;Jf; nfhz;lhh;. fw; g hiwfSf; f pilNa mkh; e ; J kdjhYk; clyhYk; fw; r piyNghyNt mirtw; W epiy ngw;WtpLthh; me;jj;jtrp. jpUf;NfhNz];tuj;ij jkf;Nf chpj;jhd ,lkhff; nfhz;lhLk; Fuq;fpdq;fs;> kuq;fspYk; ghiwfspYk; jhtp tpisahLtJ Nghd;W ,tuJ nghd;NkdpapYk; Vwp tpisahLk;. gw;iwf; fhLfspy; cyTk; ghk;GfSk;> fw;ghiwahfNt fUjp mtH jpUNkdpia njhl;Lj;jOtp Vwp ,wq;f ; pr; nry;Yk;. Mo;e;j jpahd epiyapy; kdpj clypy; ;,ay;ghd czHT mw;Wg; Nghdjhy;> mirtw;w clYf;Fk; ngsjpfg; nghUl;fSf;Fk; mtw;why; NtWghLfhz KbahJ Nghapw;W. jpUf; N fhNz]; t u Myaj; j py.; mt; N tis fhtyhspahfg; gzpGhpe;j XH ,isQd; ,e;j ,sk; Jwtpapd; trPfuj; Njhw;wj;jpdhYk;> mikjpahd Nghf; f pdhYk; jt rhjidfspdhYk; nghpJk; <Hf;fg;gl;lhd;. ,jdhy; Rthkp[p jtk; ,Ue;j Fiff;Fs; mbf;fb nrd;W fz;fhzpj;J Fuq;Ffis tpul;btpLthd;. ,r; rpWgzpia ngWk; NgwhfNt fUjp nra;J te;jhd; me;jf;fhtyhsp. Fifapdpd;Wk; ntspNatUk; Ntis ,j;jtrpNul;liuj; jhpg;gjw;nfd;Nw gyH fhj;jpUg;ghh;fs;. xU rpyUld; kl; L Nk rpy rkaq; f spy; NgRthh; . mth; f spy; Kf;fpakhf Fwpg;gplf; $bath;fs; gz;bjh; ,. tbNty; > ghuhSkd; w cWg; g pdhh; jpU e. ,. ,uh[tNuhjak; mth;fs;. ,th;fSila Myaj; njhlHG gpd; d hl; f spy; Rthkp[papd; Md; k P f g; gzpf;F jpUf;Nfhzehjdpd; jhspizfshy; tpj;jhf mike;jJ. gz;bjh; ,. tbNty; mth;fs; Rthkp[p ];jhgpj;j rptNahf rkh[ Nahfhr; r pukj; j py; kjpg; g hh; e ; j fhhpajhprpahf ePz;lfhyk; gzp nra;J tho;e;jtH. Rthkp[papd; rhjidfspd; nraw; g hLfis fz;$lhff; fz;L gf;jpAk; tpRthrKk; nfhz;lth;. jpU. ,uh[tNuhjak; mth;fs; fd;dpah rptNahf

Guj;jpy; ,uz;L Vf;fH epyg;gug;ig eNlrH Myaj; jpUg;gzpf;F ed;nfhilahf ey;fpath;. ,g;gzpf;F jpUf; ; N fhzehjNd mt; t plj; j py; gps; i sahh; Ropapl;Ls;sh; vd;why; kpifahfhJ. jpUf;Nfhzkiy nra; j jtg; g adhy; ,yq; i fapyike; j xNu eNlruhyak; Rthkp[papd; G+uz Mj;k irjd;aj;ijf; nfhz; L ,yq; F fpwJ. jpUf; N fhizehjid tpopkyHe; J Nehf; F tJ Nghy; f hl; r p jUtNj ,t;thyaj;jpd; ngUk; rpwg;ghFk;. fhj; j pukhd xU khtP u dpd; ,yl; r pak; j hd; vd;d? mtdJ mk;G> Fwp jtwhky; epiyj;jpLtJ my; y th? fLikahd jgrpd; ngWNgW xU yl; r pa GUlDf; F gydspf; f hkyh Ngha; t pLk; ? cyfpay; Nghuhl;lq;fspdpd;Wk; tpLgl;L. jisfis mWj;njwpe;J> tho;it Jr;rkhf cjwp> khiaiaf; fle;J nry;Yk;NghJ Nfhzehjdpd; jpUf;fuq;fs; ek; jtrpNul;l ; iu mizj;J tuNtw;ff; fhj;jpUe;jd vd;Nw vz;zj; Njhd;WfpwJ. itfhrp khjk; tUk; tprhf G+uiz jpdk;;. ,e;j kfhGUlhpd; fLk; jt rhjid ghpG+uzj;Jtk; ngw;w jpUehSk; ,JNt. rptNahf Ez;nghUshk; rpthkpHjj;ij Ritj;J mjpy; mkpo;e;J jd;id kwe;J FUkzpNahL jd;idf; fiuj;Jf; nfhz;l jpdKk; ,JNtahFk;. ghujj;jpy; gpwe;J> <oj;jpy; jpUf;NfhNz];tuj;jpy; mize;J> mtdUshy; Mj;k irjd;aj;ij ghpG+uzkha; ngw;W> jpUf;Nfhzkiyapy; mtuJ mUl; g zp KKikahf tpahgpj; j J. Md;kf P ehl;lk; nfhz;L ehbte;Njhh;fF ; mUs; toq;f gpujhd tPjpapy; rptNahf rkh[ Nahfhr;rpukk;> guhkhpg; g w; w Foe; i jfSf; f hd rpWtH ,y; y k; > grpg;gpzp Nghf;f fhL jpUj;jp fsdpfshf;fpa taw; nra;if> kf;fspd; topghl;Lf;nfd xU eNlruhyak;. ,tw; N whL gy; y hapuk; gf; j h; f spd; kdg; g pzp kl;Lkd;wp clw;gpzpiaAk; jPh;j;J itj;jtH Rthkp nfq;fhjuhde;jh. mtdUshy; jhd; ngw;w mj;jid jtrf; j pfisAk; jpUf; N fhzkiy kz; Z f; N f mHg;gzpj;J> rkhjpepiy va;jp> ,d;Wk; mUtkhf epd;W mUs;;ghypj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; cj;jk Qhdp ,tH vd;gij ,q;F thOk; xt;nthU [PtDk; kwe;jpl KbAkh? 'xU Qhdp QhNdhjaj;jpw;Fg; gpd;Dk; kf;fisAk; khepyj;ijAk; ed;wpAld; ghh;f;f Ntz;Lk;". ,J Rthkp[papd; mKj thf;F.

jy¥bga®fŸ

nguháÇa® á. g¤kehj‹

jøz ifyhr«, âÇnfhz«, nfhz g®tj«, âÇTl« KjÈad âUnfhzkiyÆ‹ jy¥bga®fshF«. m¤jifa âU¤jy¤âš mikªJŸs áthya« âU¡nfhnzÞtu«, k¢rnfÞtu« v‹D« bga®fshš tH§»aJ. m¥bga®fis És¡F« òuhz¡fijfŸ cŸsd. “MânrlD« thígfthD« j«KŸ khWg£L ïfÈa ehËš ïUtU« j¤j« tÈikia¡ fh£l Ka‹W kfhnkUÉ‹ bfhLKofis Mânrl‹ j‹ gzhKofshš _o¡bfhŸs, thígfth‹ j‹tÈ nk«ghLw nkUÉ‹ áfu§fËš _‹iw¥ ãL§»¡ flÈš åáÉl, mitfËš x‹W ïy§ifÆš åœªJ âUnfhzkiyahf mikªjJ” v‹gJ xU òuhz¡fij. (ïy§ifÆš ïªJ rka«) ïªJ xË

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

NfhNz];tuKk; Fd;wf;Fb mbfshUk; (,. NrhkRe;juk;) íííííííííííííííííííííííííííííííííííííííí

yf tiuglj;jpy; jpUf;Nfhzkiyapd; mopf;f Kbahj gy cz;ikfis ntspg;gLj;Jk; rhd;Wfs; Mtzkhf cs;sd. Nfhzehjg; ngUkhdpd; NfhapYk;> fd;dpah nte;ePh; Cw;Wk;> flYld; fyf;Fk; fq;ifAk;> rpwg; g hd ,aw; i fahd kiyfSld; ,aw; i f JiwKfKk; mtw;Ws; mlq;Fk;. ,jid vf;fhyj;jpYk; vtuhYk; mopj; J tpl KbahJ vd; g Nj cz; i k. rhpj;jpuq;fis kiwj;J $j;jhLk; xU rpyhpd; Kaw;rpfs; ,aw;ifapd; rhd;Wfis mopf;f KbahJ vd;gJk; cz;ik. jkpNohL ,ir ghly; kwe;jwpNad; vd;w rka Futh;fspd;> rptDf;fhd topghL jpUf;Nfhzkiy Nfhzehjg; ngUkhDf;F mjpAah; gf;jpapd; jkpo; XirahFk; vd;gij czh;Nthkhf. irtrka Futh;fs; jhk; Nehpy; fz;L jhprpj;j Myaq;fs; kPJ Njthuq;fs;> jpUthrfq;fs; ghbdhh;fs; vd;gij mwpNthk;. Nfhzehjg; ngUkhdpd; jpUg;gjpfk; jpUQhdrk;ge;jg; ngUkhd; mth;fshy; ,e;jpahtpy; ,Ue; j thW Qhdf; f z; z hy; fz; L ghlg; n gw; w J jpUg;gjpfk; vd;w tpNrlj; jd;ikAz;L. jpUQhdrk;ge;jg; ngUkhDf;F Qhdg;ghy; Cl;ba tuyhW mwpNthk;. fq;ifapy; ePuhlr;nrd;w je;ijahiuf; fhztpy;iynad;w Vf;fj;jpy; $tp mioj;jNghJ mf;Fuy; xyp rptDf;Fk; ghh;tjp Njtpf;Fk; mgaf; Fuyhff; Nfl;lJ. Jah; Jilf;f rk;ge;jg; ngUkhd; ,Ue;j ,lk; Njbte;j mk;ikAk; mg;gDk; rk;ge;jiu mizj;J Qhdg;ghy; Cl;b mgak; mspj;J mOifapidj; jLj;jdh;. ,J ,jpfhrk; $Wk; cz;ikr; rhpj;jpuk;.

mf; F oe; i j jhd; jpUf;Nfhzkiy Nfhzehjg; ngUkhid Qhdf; f z; z hy; fz; L ghba jpUg;gjpfk; nfhz; l irtj; j kpo; f ; Nfhapy; Nfhzehjg; ngUkhd; Fbnfhz; l jpUf;Nfhzkiy vd;w ngUikapid nka;Ayfk; ed;F mwpAk;. jpUf;Nfhzkiyf;F jtj;jpU Fd;wf;Fb mbfshh; tUif je;jNghJ irtrka vOr;rpia ,isQh;fs; jt¤âU F‹w¡Fo kj; j papy; Nth; Cd; w mofsh® Mya itj; j hh; vd; g ijAk; jyÉU£r¤âdoÆš ,q;F Fwpg;gplNtz;Lk;. tz§F« fh£á jkpopYk; topghL eilngw Ntz;Lk;. rka Futh;fspd; topghL jkpo; topghNl vd;w cah;epiy topghl; b d; mtrpaj; i j ed; F czur; n ra; j hh; . ,f; f Uj; J f; F jf; f ,lkhf mbfshh; ngUkhd; jpUf;Nfhzkiyia njhpTnra;j cz;ikiaAk; irt cyfk; mwpAk;. Nfhzehjg; ngUkhdpd; Myaj;jpy; jkpopYk; topghL eilngw Ntz;Lk; vd;w Mjq;fk; md;W ,isQh; f s; kj; j papy; cUthfpaJ. mwpQh; f s; irtg;nghpahh;fs; xd;wpize;J jkpopYk; topghLfhz Kd;tuNtz;Lk; vd;gJ vkJ Ntz;LNfhshFk;. md;W jtj;jpU Fd;wf;Fb mbfshh; mth;fspd; jiyikapy; fw;gf tpehafh; Myaj;jpy; Mya ghpghyd rigapdhpd; rk;kjj;Jld; KjyhtJ jkpo; topghl;il Muk;gpj;J itj;Njhk;. fw;gf tpehafh; Myak; jpUQhdrk;ge;jh; tPjpapy; cs;sJ. mt;tUlk; 1950 vd Qhgfkhf cs;sJ. me;j ,isQh;fs; ,d;W Kjpath;fshf tho;fpd;wdh;. jkpopYk; topghL fhZk; Vf;fj;NjhL ,iwtid topgl;L tUfpd;whh;fs; vd;gJ cz;ikahFk;. jkpOk; irtKk; tsu> mk;ikahy; Qhdg;ghy; Cl;lg;gl;l jpUQhdrk;ge;jh;; ghba jpUg;gjpfk; jpUf;Nfhzehjg; ngUkhdpd; ngUke;jpukhf mika Ntz;Lk;. jkpNohL jpUKiwfspy; fhzg;gLk; ,irNfl;L topghL nra;J thOk; ey;tho;T vd;Wk; juNtz;Lk; vd Nfhzehjg; ngUkhd; jhs; gzpNthk;

ghgehr Ô®¤j¤âš moah®fŸ Ô®¤j« ML« fh£á ïªJ xË

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

jøz ifyhr òuhz«

nfhnzr® fšbt£L

ãw£Ç¡ nfh£il thrÈš mikªj ïUg¡f ö©fËš Û‹ ïy£ridnahL Toa fšbt£L

âU. ik¡ Éšr‹ mt®fshš flÈ‹ moÆš f©blL¡f¥g£l f‰ö©

jøz ifyhr òuhz« âUnfhzkiyÆ‰ nfhÆš bfh©lblGªjUËÆU¡F« nfhnzr® bgUkhidí« khJika«ikahiuí« g‰¿¡ TWª jyòuhzkhF«. ï¤jy¤â‹ njh‰w«, Mâ tuyhW M»at‰iwí«, mit g‰¿a ntW rÇj§fisí« ïJ TW«. tlbkhÊÆYŸs k¢nrªâa òuhz¤ij¤ jGÉna ïªüš brŒa¥g£LŸsJ v‹gjid nkštU« j‹ ghÆu¢ brŒíŸ fh£L«.

nfhnzr® fšbt£L v‹w üš nfhnzr® rhrd« v‹W« tH§F»wJ v‹gJ, mjid¤ jøz ifyhr òuhz¤Jl‹ ïiz¤J btËÆ£l it¤âaÈ§f njáfuJ gâ¥ã‹ _ykhf¤ bjÇ»wJ. m¥ gâ¥ã‹go ïjid ïa‰¿at® fÉuh#uht®. Fs¡nfh£ouhk‹ v‹D« nrhHk‹d® nfhnzr® nfh£lK«, nfhòuK«, kâY«, k©lgK«, ghgehe¤ Ô®¤jK« mik¤j tuyhW g‰¿a brŒâfŸ brhštJ ïªübyd ïj‹ fh¥ò¢ brŒíis¤ bjhl®ªJ tU«,

‘ÛJa®ªj îU¤âuU« ÉÇgJk¥ bgUkyÇ‹ ÉÇŠr® jhK« nghJâU khjtU khjt®¡F bshUbgÇa òÅj ÛD khjuÉ ÈiwŠRfij fÆyha òuhzbkd tiwa Y‰nw‹ khJÇa k¢nrªâa tlòuh z¤âašò kUt¤ jhnd.'

‘brhš Y‰w Ó®Fs¡ nfh£Lk‹ brh‰go brhš bydnt fš bt£L¥ gh£bld¥ ghod dhâ¡ fijbgh Ush kš Y‰w f©l®j« bgh‰ghj beŠá yG¤â Æfš btš Y‰w Ó®¡fÉ uhrt nuhja É‰g‹ dnd.’

ï¢ brŒíshš, âUkUî kDÚâ ïªüY¡F ïj‹ f©l nrhH‹ MáÇaÇ£l bga® brfk»H tUuhk “fÆyha òuhz«” njtnjt‹ v‹Wª bjÇ»wJ. âUkUî âÇfÆiy¥ jøzifyhr bgUik nf£L¤ òuhz« ghÆu« fyhÃâ f. br. eluh#h jhDkt‹ tªjJî Ú§fyhf, <Hk©ly¢ kt‹nrŒ ã‹ò rU¡f«, âUkiy¢ kUkUî khya§nfh òu§fnshL rU¡f«, òtndh‰ g¤â¢ rU¡f«, m®¢rdhÉâ¢ rU¡f«, kÂkâšNœ k©lgK kÈÚ uhÉ k¢rhtjhu¢ rU¡f«, jÇrdhK¤â¢ rU¡f«, âUefu¢ fUkUî K»Ü®nr® âU¡F sŠbrŒ rU¡f«, vd VG rU¡f§fis¡ bfh©LŸsJ. Kjš MW fUkKnkh® fšbt£lh¡ fsW thnk’ rU¡f§fS« âUefu¢ rU¡f¤âny Kj‰ gândG brŒíŸ tiuínk tlbkhÊ¥ òuhz¤ jGtyhFbkd¤ âUefu¢ v‹w ïU brŒíŸfŸ F¿¡F«. ït‰whš ïªüiy rU¡f¤â‹ 17 MtJ brŒíŸ TW«. M¡»nah‹ bgaU« ïJ fšbt£L¥ gh£lhf vGj¥g£lJ ïªüiy 1887 M« M©L fh. átáj«gu Ia® v‹gJ« m¿ayhÆ‰W. ïJî« tuyh‰W üš v‹w br‹idÆš Kj‹ Kjyhf¥ gâ¥ã¤jh®. ã‹d® 1916 M« tifÆnyna ml§F«. M©L ò. bgh. it¤âaÈ§f njáf® gU¤â¤JiwÆ‰ MÇa¢ r¡fut®¤âfŸ fhy¤âa‰w¥g£l jøz gâ¥ã¤J btËÆ£lh®. K‹dt® gâ¥ãny ïªüš ifyhr òuhz¤J¡F ü‰áw¥ò¥ ghÆu« mË¤jtUŸ ahœ¥ghz¤J kAh É¤Jth‹ á§if¢ brfuhrnrfu‹ ïa‰¿aJ v‹W Tw¥g£LŸsJ. ã‹dt® gâ¥ãny xUt® fÉuh#®. vdnt, fÉuh#® brŒj ïªüY« MÇa¢ “ãu«k$ g©oj uhrh mUË¢brŒj $ jøz ifyhr r¡fut®¤âfŸ fhy¤jhjš nt©L«. nkY« ‘fÉuh#®’ òuhz«” v‹Wiu¡f¥g£LŸsJ. ïU gâ¥ã‹ ghÆu¢ v‹gJ òytÇ‹ ïa‰bgauhft‹¿¢ áw¥ò¥ bgauhfnt brŒíŸfS« ü‰brŒíŸfS« ïilÆil ntWgLtjhš, njh‹W»wJ. vdnt ïªüiy ntbwhU bgaUŸs mt‰iw¡ bfh©L M¡»nah‹ bga® vJbtd¤ njwš òyt‹ ïa‰¿ÆU¤jš TL«. mt® ‘fÉuh#‹’ v‹w mÇjhÆ‰W. v›thwhÆD« ïªüš MÇa¢ r¡fut®¤âfŸ ÉUijíilatuhÆUªâU¡fyh«. fhy¤J¡FÇajhF« v‹gjid¢ áy rh‹WfŸ bfh©L (e‹¿: âU¡nfhnzr® Mya F«ghãnõf ky® - 1993) ÃWtyh«.

jpUf;NfhNz];tuk; kfpik $Wk; ,U E}y;fs;

ïªJ xË

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

17.01.2010 - jpUf;NfhNz];tuj;jpd; jw;Nghija eph;thfk; nghWg;Ngw;wy;

ïªJ xË

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

NfhNzrg; ngUkhd; efh;tyk;

kfh rptuhj;jpup

njg;gj;jpUtpoh

ïªJ xË

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

âU. á. FkhuRthÄ

nr® fªijah it¤âaehj‹

âU. bršy¥gh mUzh¢ry«

Úâaur® bgh‹. $Þfªjuh#h

âUkâ nah . khÂ¡f«

âU. É. vÞ. Jiuuh#h

âU. v‹. V. it¤âaÈ§f«

âU. vÞ. Phdãufhr«

âU. nfh. MœthãŸis

âU. M. Fzehaf«

fyhÃâ. ntyhíj¥ãŸis

âU. k. $fhªjh

âU. F. r¢ájhdªjh

âU. nf. ïuh#òtÜÞtu‹

ïªJ xË âU. ï. r©Kf«

âU. á‹d¤Jiu (fš»)

âU. m. fU¥g©zhãŸis

âU. vÞ. nrhkRªju«

âU. á. enlr‹

át$ FŠájghj FU¡fŸ

Úâaur® å. átR¥ãukÂa«

âU. f. Fzu¤âd«

át$ r‹Kfu£z r®kh

âU. ï. ekátha«

âU. K. átuhrh

âU. khÂ¡f ïilfhl®

âU. K. fªjrhÄ

âU. ïu¤âdrghgâ

É.o.É. bjŒtehaf«ãŸis

âU. M. á‹d¤j«ã

âU. nt. ngu«gy«

RthÄ éthdªjh kfhuh{

âUkâ É. ngu«gy«

RthÄ m#uh¤khdªjh kfhuh{

âU. vÞ. r¢ájhdªját«

âU. r. rutzK¤J

âU. nt. ghyR¥ãukÂa«

bjŒt¤ âUkfŸ fyhÃâ j§f«kh m¥gh¡F£o

Úâaur® it. khÂ¡fthrf®

âU. á. j. á‹dJiu

âU. á. Éehá¤j«ã

Úâaur® br. ehfÈ§f«

âU. j. Úâuhrh

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

âU. V. á. eluh#h

âU. v«. nf. bršyuh#h

âU. vÞ. nf. Jiuuh#h

âU. nf. ghyR¥ãukÂa«

âU. vÞ. M®. nahfehj‹

âU. g. eFnyªâu‹

âU. É. bf§fhju‹

âU. nf. ï. MWKf«

âU. M®. kÆšthfd«

âU. ã. fU¥igah

âU. v«. ehfu¤âd«

âU. v«. nf. rhkát«

âU. vÞ. átãufhr«

âU. v«. R¥ãukÂa«

âU. É. tšÈòu«

âU. M®. átFUehj‹

âUkâ bgh‹kÂ Fyá§f«

âU. Í. Í. Fkh® bgh‹d«gy«

âU. â. Jiuá§f«

âU. É. fzgâ¥ãŸis

âUkâ É. mÇa¡F£o

fyhÃâ nf. kfhÈ§f«

âU. K. á‹idah

khk‹w jiyikaf¤âš 02.02.2014 m‹W elªj Ú¤jh® Ãidî itgt¤âš (khk‹w tuyh‰¿š mÇa gy gÂfŸ brŒJ kiwªj mku®fŸ ÃidîTw¥g£L ÃH‰gl¤âiuÆš mt®fË‹ cUt¥gl§fŸ gâîbrŒa¥g£l âiuÆ‹ ãuâ ïJ.)

aho; gy;fiyf;fof gl;lkspg;gpd;NghJ ,e;J khkd;24w rptnjhz;lh; mzp apdh; mzptFg;G nra;Ak; fhl;rp âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

ïªJ xË

mUz»Ç ehj® mUËa âU¥òfœ

âÇnfhzhry òuhz« nguháÇa® á. g¤kehj‹

fp.gp. 15 Mk; Ehw;whz;by; tho;e;j mUzfpupehj Rthkpfs; mUspr;nra;j gjpdhapuk; jpUg;Gfopy; ,uz;L ghly;fs; jpUf;NfhNz];tuj;jyj;ijAk; mjd; gpuk;khz;l NfhGuq;fisAk; gw;wp Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

Éiy¡F nkÅÆ yÂ¡nfhit nkfiy

jÇ¤jthilí kÂ¥óQ khfbt ÄD¡F khj®f Ëil¡fhk _œ»na - kaÿ¿

ÄF¤j fhÄa bdd¥ghU nshbuâ® eif¡f ntíl byL¤njÉ ahFy btW¥g jh»ba íiH¤njÉ lhŒgL - bfhonaid fy¡f khfnt ky¡T©o nyÄF ãÂ¡F sh»ba jÉ¡fhk nyíid¡ fÉ¡F shŒbrhÈ fil¤njw ntbrí - bkhUthœnt

nfhnzr® fšbt£oš ïl«bgW« fijfis ÉÇîgL¤â¢ brŒíŸ eilÆš mik¤J¡ TW« ïy¡»ank âÇnfhzhry¥ òuhzkhF«. mj‹ MáÇaÇ‹ bgaU«, mJ vGj¥g£l fhyK« Ã®zÆ¡f¥glÉšiy. kháyhkÂ K¤J¡FkhU v‹gtÇ‹ ifbaG¤âYŸs âÇnfhzhry¥ òuhz¤J V£L¥ãuâ x‹iw¡ f©lt®fS«, mjid¥ g‰¿¡ nf£lt®fS« K¤J¡FkhU v‹gtnu üÈ‹ MáÇa® v‹w fU¤J¤ njh‹¿ ÃiybgWtj‰F¡ fhuzuh ÆUªjd®. MÆD«, mªüiy¥ gâ¥ã¤J btËÆ£ltuhd t©iz khefu« gu¤Jthá M. r©Kfu¤âida® üyháÇaÇ‹ bga® bjÇaÉšiy v‹W T¿íŸsik ftÅ¤j‰FÇaJ. k¢ròuhz«, ifÆyhr òuhz« K‰fhy¤j t®fŸ vGâ it¤j kuòfŸ KjÈait ï¥òuhz¤J¡F MjhukhÆUªjd v‹gij nkš tU« mj‹ ghÆu¢ brŒíŸ bjËî¥gL¤J »‹wJ :

fâ¡Fehj Úíid¤ njo naòf Giu¡F ehnaid aU£ gh®it ahfbt fH‰F shfbt áw¥ghd jhaU - luntQ« kiy¡F ehaf átfhÄ ehaf® âU¡F khubd Kf¤jhW njáf to¥g khbjhU Fw¥ghit ah©k»œ - jUntns tá£l® fhág® kf¤jhd nah»a uf¤a khKÅ Æil¡fhl® ÑuD« tF¤j ghÉÅ‰ bghU£nfhy khŒtU - KUnfhnd Ãiy¡F eh‹kiw jt¤jhd óRu® âU¡ nfhzhkiy¤ jy¤ jhW nfhòu Ãiy¡FŸ thÆÅš »Ë¥ghL óâÆš - tUnthnd Ãfœ¤J nkœgt fl‰Niw ahfnt baL¤j ntšbfhL bgho¤ös jhbt¿ Ãid¤j fhÇa kD¡ Ty nkòÇ - bgUkhns.

k¢ròuhz¡ fijí§ ifyha òuhz¤â‹ thŒik jhD« K¢rk« ngh‰¿Lk¿P® K‹Diu¤j kuòfË‹ Kiwíª ö¡» brJ¡»a Ó® bj‹fÆiy¥ bgÇnah®fŸ Tbwd K‹ ÉâÆduhŒªJ ï¢rf¤â‰ nfhztiu¥ òuhzbkd¤ jÄœ¥ghÉ Åa«gY‰nw‹

F¿¥ò :- $ r©Kf¥ bgUkhDila âUtUis¥ bg‰W¥ nguhdªj¥ bgUthœtilªj mUz »Çehj RthÄfŸ ïªj¤ âU¥òfÊny á‰¿‹ g¤ij ïfœªJ ngÇ‹g Ãiyia¥ òfœªJ, mij mthÉ Ã‰F« jkJ kd¥gh§if¥ ghL»‹wh®. fhk ka¡f¤âdhny Éiykhjiu ehL« v‹id fhKf‹ v‹W nyhf¤jt® eif¡»‹wh®fŸ. fhk ÉlhŒ bfh©l bfhoatdh»a v‹id ky¡T©ony ãÂ¡F Msh¡fhkš c‹id¥ gho k»œªJ Jâ¡F«goahf mUŸghÈ¡f nt©L«. átfhÄ ehafD¡F¤ âU¡Fkhudhfî«, Fw¥ghit¡F kzhsdhfî« És§» mtut®f£F Ã¤âahdªj¤ij mUS« KUfh; fâ¡F ehjdhÆU¥gtD« Úa‹nwh. tá£l®, fhág®, nah»fŸ, mf¤akhKÅ, ïil¡fhl®, e¡Ñu® KjÈnah® ghoaUËa gh¡fË‹ bghUshÆU¥gtD« Ú. eh‹F ntj§fisí« XJ« óRu Él¤âY«, mDóâÆY« âU¡nfhzkiy¤ jy¤âY« ciwgt‹ Ú. cdJ âU¡if ntÈdhš gt¡fliy¢ Niwaho eh‹ Ãid¤j fhÇa¤ij mETykh¡f nt©L«. âUnfhzkiy¤ jy¤âš KUf¥bgUkh‹ ïU¥gij mUz»Çehj® âU¥òfÊš F¿¥ãLtJ áªâ¡f¤ j¡fJ.

ïªJ xË

bj‹ifÆyhakh»a nfhnzÞtu«, j«gyfhk¤J¡ nfhizehj® nfhÆš M»a ïu©L nfhÆšfË‹ tuyh‰w«r§fŸ g‰¿a brŒâfisí§ fijfisíª bjhF¤J, ïy¡»a ea« bghUªâa tifÆny TW« rhšòila üyhfnt âÇnfhzhry òuhz« fhz¥gL»‹wJ. mâny Mjhuó®tkhd tuyh‰W¢ brŒâfŸ kUÉ¤ bjËt‰W«, eh£lh® gh§»YŸs fijfŸ nknyh§»í« mikªâU¥gij mtjhÅ¡f Ko»‹wJ. mj‹ brŒíŸeil ïurid Ä¡fJ; ft®¢áahdJ. (ïy§ifÆš ïªJ rka«) 21

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

Thirukoneswaram (Mr. K. Sellarajah, J.P.U.M., President, THirukoneswaram Temple, Trincomalee)

When we stand on the Swamy rock in the serene

accordingly caused (to the extent of 2800 Amonams) to be converted to the cultivation of paddy, and a tank ( which now refers to the famous Kantalai Tank ) to be converted in the vicinity for their irrigation of the said lands, both of which he consecrated to Konesar Swami. He afterwards proceeded to the village Marukoor, on the North on the 24th day of Panguni in the year 516 and brought from thence in a vessel to Thirukonanathamalai seven families whom he settled there, assigning to them the temple and the lands appertaining to the same, as hereditary possession. To these seven families were entrusted the care of the temple Treasury, the regulation of the income and expenditure, the celebration of the festivals, and the presentation of silk vestments to the kings. As more people were required for the service of the Temple, the King went to the village of Karakadoe and by compulsory means, brought from thence on the 10th day of Vaikasi (of the year aforesaid) twenty more families, whom he likewise settled at the place, and appointed for the robing of the Lingam (Phallho) and to the offering of flowers at the shrine, to sweeping and illuminating the Temple daily ‑ cleaning the sacrificial implements performing libations of water - husking of paddy and smearing the floor of the Temple with cow dung - singing and playing of musical instruments - spreading cloth

peace and blessed mood that reigns supreme in THIRUKONESWARAM, the burden of the mystery, the heavy and weary weight of all the unintelligible world is lightened. There is bliss. In view of the publicity that the Koneswaram Temple at Trincomalee referred to by De Queroz as the Rome of the Gentiles of the Orient receives from time to time, Koneswaram Temple is not to be forgotten. It would have remained to the present day as a venerable relic, had not the misguided religious zeal of the Portugese razed it to the ground in 1622 to supply materials for one of their fortifications. A king named Manu Neethi Kanda Solen who ruled over the country of Solamandalam learning from the Kailasa Puränäm the wonders of Thirukonanathamalai and the magnificent state of its inhabitants, came over to the place, his son Kulakota Maharajah who followed him thither afterwards raised the Temple, the spire, the pavilion, and the sacred cistern, in the year 512 of Kali Yug on Monday the 10th day of the month of Vaikasi. After having built the Temple, the king finding that much difficulty was experienced in obtaining, rice and other things from Solamandalam for the daily use of the Temple, he meditated on means to obviate it, and

When Mr M. K. Sellarajah was alive participating in Temple Ceremonies ïªJ xË

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

at animal sacrifices - hoisting and lowering of the flag on solemn days, preparing essence of sandalwood, and purifying the ornaments of the Temple. These people were also endowed with lands for their subsistence and five of them dignified with the title of Panda - ratter. As the first seven families who were settled there, were brought willingly from their country they received the common name of Tannattar in contradistinction to the twenty families who settled after them, who were called Varippattar because they were impressed, one out of every ten men in their country. The king contemplating that there were none to judge these Tannattar and Varippattar in the event of any dissension among them, determined to appoint a chief over them, he accordingly proceeded to Madurai and brought from thence a nobleman of the name of Taniunna Pupalan, whom he invested with the title of Wanniya, and ordained him Governor of Thirukonamamalai, authorising him to punish offences by fine, imprisonment in chains or by death, according to their extent, or magnitude, strictly enjoining him to keep his institutions inviolate, and to conduct the affairs of the temple and ceremonies thereof, without omission. The king further ordered that the citizens of kattuculam should render their services to the Temple, that the citizens of Nilaveli should preside over the celebration of the festivals, and supply the Temple six Amonams of paddy, also pay the thithes, taxes, and customs of their country to the Temple, that the citizens of Cottiyaram should furnish the Temple with betel, plantains, sandalwood, curdled milk, clarified butter, 100 Amonams of rice, and the seeds of Amaneku, Punnei, and llippe trees. These latter mentioned seeds should be delivered to the citizens of Irativoe, to be made into oil, and then again delivered to the Tottiyen of Kovulimune who after entering the quantity into the accounts of the Temple, should pour it into the reservoir, where the same was to remain for lighting lamps. There were seven reservoirs built at the south side of the Temple for the reception of oil, they were enclosed with walls which were provided with doors, and a person appointed to overlook them, called Adikaree. When the above orders had been given the king next proceeded to regulate the affairs of (the interior apartments of) the Temple. He ordered the servants to illuminate it every day with 5000 lamps lighted with butter, and 11000 lamps lighted with oil, to be placed both inside and out, and to sprinkle the ground with rose water impregnated with musk, and sandalwood. He further ordered that they should at stated periods make oblations of rice mixed with milk curds - to Supramaniya in 12 silver trays, and to the rest of the deities in 128 copper trays. Besides these he directed oblations of ïªJ xË

several thousand balls of rice to be made, and a lamp with thousand camphor wicks to be burnt on particular occasions. After detailing the foregoing particulars relative to the foundation of the Temple, and the institution of its ceremonies the Kavi Raj Varothayan proceeded to relate the prophecies delivered by the king with reference to its future magnificence, and the revolutions it would undergo by foreign invasions, but they are so incongruous, and confounded with fable, as is common with Hindu productions, that I have omitted the whole of it, and resume the translation as follows :The king (one day) after having performed ablution in the sacred pool, and his oblations and prayers, wearing around his head a wreath of Ottracha beads, painted his forehead with the holy ashes, went round the court of the Temple, holding in his hand a nosegay of flowers, and he entered into the sanctum sanctorum. He remained there so long that it raised the suspicion of his courtiers, who proceeding inside to look for him, found that he had become metamorphosed into a lotus flower, at the shrine of the God, upon which they made great lamentations. The story of the king's transformation into a flower akin to what is related of the disappearance of Romulus, and like that price, Kulakotu Maharajah also became counted among the Gods, and sacrifices were accordingly made to him by the inhabitants of Thirukonathamalai. Many years after this metamorphosis of Kulakotu Maharajah, a certain King called Gaja Bahu Maharajah made a pilgrimage to ThirukonatharnaW, and on his arrival finding that the pasupalar who had hitherto ministered in the Temple were dead, and none had succeeded them, he was plunged in grief, and invoked the deity to repair the breach which death had made in the priesthood. While the king was thus engaged in acts of devotion, he perceived two Brahmin youths floating on the surface of the ocean with the Vedas in their hands. As soon as he saw them, greatly delighted, he rose from the seat, advanced towards them, into the sea and seizing one by each hand, brought them to the shore, calling them at the same time by the epithet of Irpahai, (or the right and left hand as he had held them). He conferred on them the priesthood of the Temple, and gave directions to the Wanniya, Tannattar and Varippattar to respect and obey them, and also to render their services to them. Gaja Bahu Maharajah sent for the five tribes of town servants namely smiths, potters, barbers, washers and parreas from Solamandalam and fixed them at Thirukonathamalai allotting to them land and paddy fields for their maintenance. Afterwards he caused a tank to be built at Kottiyaram in the neighbourhood of the river Mahaveli Genga, and paddy lands to the 23

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

extent of 6350 Amonams to be improved and groves of punnei, illipe, amanaku, and cocoa trees to be planted there abouts he also gave orders that one-tenth part of their produce should be appropriated for the service of the Temple. Another inscription which refers to this Temple and that is the inscription which was found on the temple buildings by Constantine de Sa, the Portugese Commander who destroyed the Temple. He sent a copy of the inscription about the year 1627 A. D. to the King of Portugal with a letter to the effect 'When I went there to make this Fort, I found engraved on the Pagoda which stated that a nation of the fragmis will destroy it and thereafter shall no King of the Island of Ceylon rebuild it. The inscription can still be seen at the entrance to the Fort Frederick. Ramayana is an epic that is fascinating to both the genius and the layman, that had moulded the minds of Hindus for centuries. According to Ramayana Ravana was a great devotee of Lord Siva. The seated Lord Siva is four armed - holding an axe in his right hand and a deer in his left, the axe and deer were sent against him by his enemies and subdued by him in accordance with the legend that Siva had to fight the deceptions and fraud of human nature. The Ravana Cut even today is a popular spot in the Koneswaram Temple Swamy rock. It is also worth mentioning that the Kanniya Hot Wells were founded by Ravana in order to perform the funeral rites to his mother. Saint Sambanthar - 7th century A. C. refers to Konamamalai in one of his Padikam. `He who dwelleth on Konamamalai where the roaring bcean replete with the sandalwood that is found on its banks and bits of Black akhil, and precious stones and pearls, splashes, is the peerless one who is accompanied by the sounds of the rows of Kalal and the anklets and half of whose body is shared by the maid of the mountain and who rides a sacred bull. Konesar Kalvettu by Kaviraja Varothayan composed partly in verse and partly in prose. `A King named Manu Neethi Kandacholan, who ruled over the country of Cholamendalam, learning from the Kailasapuranam the wonders of Trincomalee came over to the place. His son Kulakoddu Maharajah who followed him later, raised the temple, Gopuram, Mandapam, Pavanasa spring and the sacred tank in 512 of Kaliyuga on Monday the 10th day of the month of Vaikasi.' At the entrance to the Fort Frederick, on either side of the arch, is a rock inscription with the insignia ( two fish ) of the Pandyan Kings. These rock inscriptions ïªJ xË

have miraculously escaped the stonebrakers hammer. Veerapandiyan chose Trincomalee to engrave the emblem of double fish because Thirukoneswaram had been revered as a place of veneration by the Hindus. Even today this ensign of the double fish, the great emblem of the Pandyan dynasty at the entrance to the Fort Frederick stands out as a standing monument of the glorious past of Thirukoneswaram and its antiquity. After the destruction of this temple within a short span of six years Constantine De Sa and his men numbering about two thousand were destroyed while entering the jungles of Badulla to capture the Kandyan Kingdom. Not only did the Portugese Commander pay a price, even the Portugese rule under whose banner this greatest atrocity was committed, with whose blessings this religious persecution was practised had to pay a greater price. The Portugese domination of Ceylon began to totter after the destruction of the Konesar Temple and the regime gave way to the Dutch. This was what Rodrigo De Sa wrote in apology later. Kullakoddans commandment 'I have made endowments to Thirukoneswaram without distributing them to my kith and kin. It is a certainty that anybody who intends or plots to damage or destroy this venerated place of worship shall be reduced to ashes.' The bronzes which were excavated in 1950 were taken in procession to every town and village in Ceylon. They came in thousands to look at Siva, who had disappeared for three hundred and twenty five years and, reappeared according to a prophecy when the smoke-eyed people returned the Island to their rightful. owners. After the statues were taken round the Island they were enshrined at Koneswaram on 23. 02. 1952 and on that day King George VI died and on that auspicious day there was no King, in the Island of Ceylon. The inscription at the entrance of the Fort Frederick. The Portugese shall take the holy edifice built by Kulakooddan in ancient times. King, hearken. After the cats eyed one, the red eyed one, and the smokeyed one have gone, the figure will be that of the Northerner. To mention a Punniya Poomi that has existed right through the ages since Harappa Mohajatharoo period, that was worshipped by Ravana, that was one the first settlements in Ceylon, that had hymns sung about it by saints Sampanthar, Appar, and Arunagiri that had withstood the onslaughts of floods, cyclones, Portugese vandalism, world wars, the impact of various, cultures and many other calamities and yet retained its, individuality and entity is THIRUKONESWARAM. 24

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

THE TEMPLE OF KONESAR Mr. Udeshi amarasinghe

This article was authored by Mr. Udeshi Amarasinghe in the 2012 April edition of ‘Serendib’, the magazine of Sri Lankan Airlines. Although this article was written for the sake of foreign tourists, it gives a complete picture and glory of the Temple in a proper perspective.

he Indian Ocean crashed onto sides of Swami Rock, the sound reverberating through the air, I was standing at a site that was sacred and had been so for millennia. Dedicated to Lord Shiva, in the ancient form of Kona- Eiswara (Konesar), The Temple of the Thousand Pillars or Koneswaram Temple in Trincomalee has stood the test of time.. may be not physically but definitely spiritually. Enclosed within the environs of Fort Frederick, Koneswaram Temple has undergone many changes over the centuries. From an exuberant temple with a thuosand columns and complex of three stone temples, Koneswaram was completely destroyed during the Portuguese period where the main temple was levered into the sea and the subsequent remains such as stones and pillars were used for the construction of Fort Frederick. The some what modest temple we see today is said to have been built in the 1950s. However, it is apparent that the Temple is striving to relive its former grandeur with a massive golden statue of Lord Shiva in the sitting position rising to a height of 33ft. being placed recently at the entrance to the Temple. The statue of Lord Shiva towers over the Temple, Creating sense of awe to the many devotees who throng to this sacred site. Though Koneswaram Temple is a Hindu Kovil, worshippers from all religions seek blessings as this temple is said to possess great divine power. As one of the five prehistoric Ishwarams(ancient temples) of Lord Shiva, Koneswaram is venerated not only by Sri Lankans but also by Hindus all over the world. According to the annals of history, Saivites from Tamil Nadu sang devotional hymns about Lord Konesar over 1,200 years ago.

ïªJ xË

Though the exact date of the Temple’s inception nor its founder is Known, it is said that Koneswaram Temple is over 3,000 years old and was present even before the arrival of Prince Vijaya, the exiled Aryan Prince who began civilization in Sri Lanka. The legend of Koneswaram goes back to the time of Ramayana, when King Ravana was the ruler of Sri Lanka. King Ravana and his mother were great devotees of Lord Shiva. Today, in recongnition of his great devotion, the King’s statue has been placed within the temple compound. There are many stories relating to King Ravana and Koneswaram Temple. It is believed that King Ravana who was Known to have a virulent temper was subdued by Lord Shiva, Apparently, when his mother was suffering from ill health the King wanted to take Koneswaram Temple to her. As he was lifting the rock Lord Shiva had made him drop his sword creating a great cleft, which came to be Known as Ravana Vettu. Another story regarding the same is that King Ravana’s mother wanted him to denounce violence and as such he had thrown his sword thus creating the cleft can be seen just before the entrance to the Temple. On the surface of this great cleft, grooves that are akin to a sharp blade cutting through are visible. It takes only one’s imagination to see King Ravana using his might. Adjoining the great cleft where the new Meditation Centre is situtated, ancient iron alloy statues of God Vishnu and Goddess Lakshmi, Which had been found during excavations are placed. Over the millennia Koneswaram Temple held the patronage of royalty, which entailed its longevity and prosperity but one stands out from the rest. Prince Kulakottan from the Chola dynasty circa 1580 BC is attributed with completely rebuilding the Temple after he had discovered its ruins. 25

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

Within the Koneswaram Temple great divine power is felt. A pooja was taking place and devotees were in prayer while the poosari chanted the blessings. Deep within the sanctum the Great Shivalingam lay. Some were breaking coconut to ward off evil, Others were tying hat on the sacred tree, but my heart gave a small tug when I saw a tree laden with small cradles, hung by couples imploring Lord Shiva to bestow them with a child. Atop a rock stands a lone pillar, which is the only remains of the original temple. At the base of this rock a small pathway has been etched and along its path feats of Lord Shiva have been sculptured into statues. That is not all, the divine family of Lord Shiva and his wife goddess Parvathi with their childern

Lord Murugan and Ganesh have been sculptured into golden figurines. King Ravana’s statue is also along this path. The sacred Nuga (Kallalla) tree, Which is dedicated to Lord Shiva stands precariously at the edge of the rock. Although previously devotees were able to go near this tree, now a fence has been placed for safety. Looking over the stainless steel fence the great ocean is only a drop away. It is said that the ruins of the ancient temple can still be seen at the bottom of the ocean. The legends and the stories may have changed over the years, but one fact remains: the spiritually of Koneswaram Temple and blessings of Lord Shiva are unwavering and steadfast. This is indeed the Temple of Konesar.

#a tUl¥ ãw¥ò (14.04.2014) th¡»a gŠrh§f¤â‹go ifÉnrl¤â‰FÇa Rgneu§fŸ tUkhW:

á¤âiu¥ òJtUl« V¥uš 14« âfâ cjakh»wJ. #a v‹w bgaÇš kyU« á¤âiu¥ òJtUl«, jÄœ tUl§fË‹ R‰W t£l¤ bjhlÇš 28 MtJ tUlkhF«. th¡»a gŠrh§f¤â‹go V¥uš 14 M« âfâ â§f£»Hik fhiy 6 kÂ 11 ÃÄl¤âš ó®t g£r rJ®¤jáÆš, m¤j e£r¤âu« 2 M« ghj¤âš, f‹Å ïuháÆš nkl y¡d¤âš òJtUl« ãw¡»wJ. 13 M« âfâ PhÆ‰W¡»Hik ã‹Åuî 2 kÂ 11 ÃÄl« Kjš 14 M« âfâ fhiy 10 kÂ 11 ÃÄl« Kjš tiu Éõ& ò©Âa fhykhF«. âU¡fÂj gŠrh§f¤â‹go V¥uš 14 M« âfâ â§f£»Hik fhiy 7 kÂ 36 ÃÄl¤âš ó®t g£r rJ®¤jáÆš, m¤j e£r¤âu« 2 M« ghj¤âš, f‹Å ïuháÆš, nkl y¡d¤âš òJtUl« ãw¡»wJ. 13 M« âfâ PhÆ‰W¡»Hik ã‹Åuî 3 kÂ 36 ÃÄl« Kjš, 14 M« âfâ fhiy 11 kÂ 36 ÃÄl« tiu nkl r§»ukz ò©Âa fhykhF«.

14. 05. 2014 â§f£»Hik fhiy gfš ïuî

6.11 - 7.31, 10.04 - 12.03 2.22 - 4.27 6.21 - 7.21, 9.15 - 10.23

16. 04. 2014 òj‹»Hik fhiy gfš ïuî

6.04 - 7.41, 7.49 - 9.44, 9.56 - 11.54 2.14 - 4.02 6.13 - 8.00, 8.17 - 10.11

âU¡fÂj gŠrh§f¤â‹go if Énrl¤â‰FÇa Rgneu§fŸ tUkhW:

14. 05. 2014 â§f£»Hik fhiy fhiy

6.02 - 7.30, 10.00 - 12.05

16. 04. 2014 òj‹»Hik 6.01 - 7.37

âUehî¡fur® ghoa âUbeŒ¤jhd gâf¤âš

nr¡»Hh® RthÄfË‹ âU¤bjh©l® òuhz¤âš

âU¡nfhnzÞtu«

j¡fh® moah®¡F Úna v‹W« jiyah® fÆyha‹ Úna v‹W« m¡fhu« ó©lhí« Úna v‹W« M¡TÇš jh‹njh‹¿ Úna v‹W« ò¡fha VGyG« Úna v‹W« òŸËU¡F ntquhŒ Úna v‹W« bj¡fhu khnfhz¤ jhnd v‹W« Ã‹w beŒ¤ jhdhv‹ beŠRshna !

mªefÇš mk®ªJ m§f© ïÅJnkÉ ahÊ òil NœªbjhÈ¡F« ÛHªj‹Åš k‹D âUnfhzkiy k»œªJ br§f© kHÉilah® jik¥ ngh‰¿ tz§»¥gho br‹Å kâ òidkhl khnjh£l¤âš âU¡nfÔ¢ ruªj‹Åš brŒaghj K‹Å Äf¥ gÂªnj¤â a‹gnuhL Kythj »Êbg‰wh® ctifí‰wh®.

ïªJ xË

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

The Shaiva Life Saiva Periyar S. Sivapatha Sundranar

A SHAIVITE is a worshipper of Shiva, the supreme God. The Shaivite must therefore lead a life consonant with the greatness of the God he worships. He has a dignity to maintain. Appar Swami gives a complete picture of Saiva á in a Single Stanza . He says we are not bound in fealty to any one; we are not afraid of death: we are free from the torments of hell, and hypocrisy is foreign to us; we are selfrespecting; we know no suffering; we bow to nobody; we are very happy; we know he wears a white ear-ring, who is not subject to any one and who is the giver of all good”. Since we are the eternal Servants of Shankara, (the giver of bliss) who is not servant of any one, we can’t be servants of any one else. Since death comes as a release from this body, when it has become unfit for habitation, we would rather welcome death than fear it. We readily obey him and are therefore free from every kind of suffering, including hell, which is the consequence of wrong doing. As servant of God, we also occupy the highest place in the world.Any other position is inferior to ours. There is therefore, no need for us to appear to be what we are not to be hypocrites. As the servants of the Shiva we cannot condescend to do anything which is not in keeping with our high position. We hail with pleasure every kind of experience we undergo, in order to free us from Karma. So, even suffering is a source of pleasure to us. We cannot bow to others whether they are mighty men of the world, or powerful gods of the upper world, as they are all inferior to the servant of Shaiva. Divine meditation gives un uninterrupted joy leaving no room for unhappiness. Nothing is greater than being the slave of God. There is, therefore, no other position in this world, which we would care to seek. We would decline any if offered to us. Says Manickavasagar. “I would decline even the position occupied by Indra, Vishnu á and Bramah. ”

no occasion for fear, sorrow or anger. We entertain these feelings in consequence of our ignorance of God’s ways. In our folly, we fear the advent of what is all good and feel sorry when it come to us. Neither do we set any value on others’ opinions of us. We must examine ourselves in the light if God’s Laws and if we are able to tell ourselves “you are good”, we can certainly rest satisfied with ourselves. But nothing is more difficult to achieve than such an estimate of ourselves. Even Appar does not pass a Favourable judgement on himself á. It is therefore, impossible for us to be able to say that today we are better than we were yesterday. If I am not able to say of myself, “you are not a righteous man”, it is my duty to reject others’ praise of me. If they praise me they are mistaken. It also follows that our endeavour to get the praise of others is a folly of follies. Fame is false. It is a product of ignorance. á

ehkh®¡F§ Fonašnyh« ekidaŠnrh« euf¤â Èl®¥gnlh« eliyÆšnyh« Vkh¥ngh« ãÂa¿nah« gÂnthkšnyh« ï‹gnk vªehSª J‹gÄšiy jhkh®¡F§ Foašyh¤ j‹ikahd r§fud‰ r§fbt© FiHnah®fhâ‰ nfhkh‰nf ehbk‹W Ûsh MshŒ¡ bfhŒky®¢ nrtoÆizna FW»ndhnk.

Fy« bghšny‹ Fz« bghšny‹ F¿í« bghšny‹

The true shaivite’s life is an ideal one. He is fully armed is against all tendencies to wrong doing, and is fully equipped to do the right. The sacred ashes which he wears is the Parashakti, the Love of God. With God’s Love visibly present in him, he can only be kind and loving towards others. The worship at which he has surrendered himself to God, cannot permit him to do anything outside. “His Holy Laws,” says Manikavasagar of God “make full use of me or sell me outright or sell me as Ottyá” He cannot therefore act contrary to His Laws. The Panchakshara tells him what his actual position is. On one side

bfhŸns‹ òuªju‹ khya‹ thœî.

We have no legitimate ground for anger, fear or sorrow. God’s love for us is infinite. Everything that takes place in this world is the result of his law of love. Whatever happens to us, therefore, proceeds from His love for us. It must hence be always good to us. There can then be ïªJ xË

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

seen one day plucking, one by one, the leaves of a thorny herb for cooking. The plucking of each leaf, he said, was accompanied by the repetition of the Panchaksharam. On several other occasions also, his lips were found to be busy, while he was engaged in some piece of work. He seemed to have made it a point to repeat Panchaksharam at all times. This was also inferable from the fact, that one day, while his wife was pounding rice, he advised her to repeat the name “Shiva” at each stroke of the pestle. His rule of life seems to be that work and worship must go together. The potter saint of the Periapuranam was worshipping God all the time he was making pots. But his worship did not end there. He made free gifts of pots to saints who needed them. Coming now to nominal Shaivites like us, even we can improve our position of we make a serious effort. Our worship is capable of assuming one of three forms. It may be almost mechanical. In that case, the great gifts of our religion such as sacred ashes and Panchaksharam cannot do us any appreciable good. With most of us this is the case. But it is some satiafction to remember that the good, thought not appreciable, is never negligible. In the second form of worship, the intellect stands the worshipper the significance and potentiality of these Sadanas and can assist him in his attempt to mend and improve his ways. It can tackle desires of moderate strength but is overpowered by strong ones. In the third form the emotions also are present. They are a power and can keep down even strong rebellious desires. Worship accompanied by both the intellect and by the emotions can reform us and take us nearer true Shaivaism. (Glories of Shaivaism)

is Anava, which blinds him, and on the other side is the Surgeon who not only restores his Sight but also gives him a light (Shivagnanam) with which he can see things too subtle to be seen with ordinary light. He easily sees that he must avoid the blinder and join the eye-surgeon, the giver also of Supreme Light. His worship of God gives him a similar lesson and redoubles the might to do the right. “ïUªbj‹id M©LbfhŸ É‰W¡bfhŸ x‰¿it.” Otty is a sale with a condition of redeeming with a fixed time.

Coming to details the true Shaivite eats not to fatten his body but to get service from it to God. He does his work as Service to God. If he is a cultivator, he regards cultivation as Service to God, and on that account does this work with all his might. He is proof ‘against Anavic allurement if it catches his attention, he dismisses it, saying that it is of no concern to him. Whenever a new project comes to his mind, he measures it with the yard-stick, “How far will this project help me in my onward march to the ultimate goal ?” If he finds it not helpful to it, he rejects it. Pomp and power, rank and riches, fame and fashion can have no appeal to him. The true Shaivite may belong to any class or caste. The Saints of the Pariapuranam include men of all trades and castes. Most of them pursued the trades of the families in which they were born. But of these trades, Service to God was the Soul. They could make every item of their work an occasion for worship. There have been men who combined worship with work. One of these was

ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ F«ghãnõf« eilbg‰wJ. bjhl®ªJ Mya¤âš tuyh‰¿ÈUªJ m›t¥nghJ brŒa¥g£L tªj âU¤j ntiyfis¤ bjhl®ªJ 1993 bg¥utÇ 11 M« âfâa‹W _‹whtJ F«ghãnõf« ïl«bg‰wJ.

nfhnzÞtu Mya F«ghãnõf«

ïuhtz‹ bt£L Mya¤âš nk‰bfhŸs¥g£l òdU¤jhuz ntiyfis¤ bjhl®ªJ KjyhtJ F«ghãnõf« 1963 V¥uš 3 M« âfâa‹W eilbg‰wJ. ïjid¤ bjhl®ªJ 1964 kh®¢ 27 M« âfâ Kjš V¥uš 12 M« âfâ tiu KjyhtJ ãunkh‰rt« ïl«bg‰wJ. Û©L« nk‰bfhŸs¥ g£l âU¤j ntiyfË‹ ã‹, 1981 #dtÇ 25 M« âfâa‹W ïu©lhtJ ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ ïªJ xË

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

âââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ

,d;gNk ve;ehSk; Jd;gkpy;iy gpuk;k=. tp. rj;jpaehuhazf; FUf;fs;> tp\;ZNfhtpy;, njfptis.

âââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ jd; i kahd rq; f ud; ew;rq;f ntz;Fio Xu; fhjpy; Nfhkhw;Nf ehk; vd;Wk; kPsh Msha;f; nfha;k; kyu;r; NrtbapidNa FWfpNdhNk”. vd;W ghbdhu;. vd; d mOj; j khd gf;jp. ehd; rptDf;F kl;LNk mbik vd; w czu; T mtuplk; ,Ue;jJ. mtuJ mQ;rhikf; Fzj;ijg; ghlypy; kl;Lky;y mur rigapy; ele;j NrhjidfspYk; ntw;wp ngw;W epWtpf; fhl;bdhu;. jd; mbatu;f;Fr; rptDila fUiz cjtpaJ. mNj mQ;rhikiag; ghujpaplKk; ghu;f;f KbAk;. ‘mr;rk; jtpu;’ vd;W mUspa ghujp> fhyidg; ghu;j;J Nfyp nra;fpwhd;. nja;t mUs;> rpe;jid mtdplk; ,Ue;jjhy; mtdhy; akidNa vs;sp eifahl Kbe;jJ.

gf; j u; f s; vd; w hy; rhJthf ,Ug; g hu; f s; vd;gJ nghJthf epytp tUk; fUj;J. gf;ju;fs; rhJthf ,Ue;jhYk;, mQ;rhikapd; milahskhfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;. gak; - kdpju;fsplk; ,Uf;f Ntz;ba Fzk;. mr;rNk fPo; jdJ Mrhuk; vd;Wk; nrhy;ypapUf;fpwhu;fNs? gak; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lkh? $lhjh? vd;w re;Njfk; rpyUf;F voyhk;. kpfg; ngupa Qhdpfshf ,Ue;jhYk; mr;r czu;T ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. gag;gl Ntz;bajw;F gag;glhky; ,Ug;gtd; Kl;lhs;. vLj;jJf; nfy;yhk; gae;J gae;J rhgtd; Nfhio. vjw;F gag;gl Ntz;Lk;? vjw;Fg; gag;glf; $lhJ? ts;Stu; nrhy;fpd;whu; ,g;gb:'mQ;RtJ mQ;rhik Ngjik mQ;RtJ mQ;ry; mwpthu; njhopy;." ,e;jr; nraiyr; nra;jhy; cyfk; ek;ikg; gw;wp vd;d epidf;Fk;? ghuhl;Lkh? gop J}w;Wkh? nfhQ;rk; rpe;jpAq;fs;. nra;a Ntz;ba nrayh? mQ;rhky; nra;ayhkh? vd;gJ Gyg;gl;LtpLk;. mQ;rf; $ba nraiy nra;Nj Mf Ntz;ba epiy Vw;gl;lhy; vt; t sT ngupa kdpjuhf ,Ue; j hYk; mijj; jtpuj;Jj; jhd; Mf Ntz;Lk; vd;fpwhu; GwehD} w;Wg; Gytu;.

'fhyh vd; fhyUNf thlh! cidr; rpW Gy; vd ehd; epidf;fpd;Nwd; NtyhAj tpUjpid neQ;rpdpy; gjpf;fpd;Nwd; ey;y Ntjhe;j Kiuj;j Qhdpau; jik vz;zpj; Jjpf;fpNwd;> Va; fhyh!"

“cyfk; mQ;RtJ mQ;rp – Gfo; vdpd; capUk; nfhLf;Ftu; gop vdpd; cyFld; ngwpDk; nfhs;syu;”

vd;W ghbapUf;fpwhd; ghujp. vjw;Fg; gag;gl Ntz;Lk;. mQ;r Ntz;bajw;Nf mQ;r Ntz;Lk;. ‘ghjfq; f s; nra; g tiuf; fz; l hy; gak; nfhs;syhfhJ ghg;gh’ vd;W ghg;ghTf;Fg; ghujp ghbaJ gf;ju;fSf;Fk; Nru;j;Jj;jhd;. ,e;J rkak; nkd;njhz;L> td;njhz;L vd;w ,UtifiaAk; gf;ju;fSf;F tpjpj;jpUf;fpwJ. ek; gz;ghl;il fyhrhuj;ij ghuk;gupaj;ijr; rPuopf;Fk; nray; f is ehl; b y; epfo; t ij jLf; f Kay Ntz;baJ ek; flik. ,jid tPl;by; elf;fhky; jLf;f Ntz;baJ Kjypy; Mw;w Ntz;ba gzp. tPl;il gf;jpg; gz;izahf;FtJ Kf;fpak;. tPLfs; Nru;e;jNj Cu;. vdNt Cu; xOq;FgLk;. mjdhy; ehLk; eyk; ngWk;. mQ;rhik ngw Kay;Nthkhf!

cyfk; gag; g Lk; nray; f is rhd; N whuhf ,Ue;jhYk; jtpu;j;Jj;jhd; Mf Ntz;Lk;. mNj Neuj;jpy; mQ;rhikf; Fzj;ijAk; tsu;j;Jf; nfhs; s Ntz; L k; . ,iwtdplk; itf; F k; KO ek;gpf;if ‘mQ;rhik’ Fzj;ij mjpfupf;Fk; jpUehTf; f uru; rkz rkaj; j pypUe; J irt rkaj;jpw;Fj; jpUk;gpdhu;. mikr;ru;fs; mtiur; re;jpj;jdu;. mg;NghJ> “murd; fl;lis ,l;Ls;shd; fhQ; r pGuk; thUq; f s; ” vd; W $wpdu; . mg; NghJ ehTf;furu;> “ehd; ahUf;Fk; Fbkfd; my;Nyd; vkDf;Fk; gag;glkhl;Nld;. eufj;jpYk; vdf;F thjid ,y;iy. vdf;F ve;jg; gpzpAk; tuhJ. ahUf;Fk; gzpa Ntz;ba mtrpak; ,y;iy. ,d;gNk ve;ehSk; Jd;gk; ,y;iy. jhk; Mu;fF ; k; Fb my;yhj; ïªJ xË

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ

Koneswaram

ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ

Author Panditha Ratna C.S Navaratnam of Navaly North, Manipay published this book in 1968 in order to provide concrete evidence and to establish that the Konesar Temple was in continuous existence from 1300 B.C and though there was no Temple between 1624 and 1963, there was congregational worship at the sacred site after 1800 till the inauguration of the Temple in 1963. of Rama is worshipped in Sabaragamuwa. There is an ancient temple for Sita Amman at Nuwara Eliya. Ravana is said to have performed the last funeral rites of his mother at the hot springs of Kanniya. The worship of the Saptamatrikas, Nachchimar (Tamil- the seven goddesses) was also prevalent in Ceylon. The energetic female principle of the Vedic gods constituted the Saptamarikas. Temples dedicated to these goddesses were at Mannakandal, between Odduchuddan, Putukidiyeruppu. There were temples to these goddesses between Vavuniya and Anuradhapura and in the Jaffna Peninsula. This cult is pre-puranic (320A.C) and bears evidence of the antiquity of Hinduism in the Island. Some of the images of these goddesses are found in the Anuradhapura museum. Dr.Paul E. Pieris the eminent Sinhalese historian says about the ancient Hindu temples of Ceylon: “Long before the arrival of Vijaya there were in Lanka five recognized Isvarams of Siva which claimed and received adoration of all India. There were Thirukketheeswaram near Mahatitha, Munneswaram dominating Salawatta and pearl fishery: Thondewaram near Mantota, Tirukoneswaram near great bay of Kottiar and Naguleswaram near Kankesanturai. Their situation close to those ports cannot be the result of accident or caprice and was probably determined by the concourse of a wealthy mercantile population whose religious wants for attention”. (JCBRAS.Vol.XXV No 70, pp.17-18) From the remotest period similar gods and goddesses were worshipped in South India and Ceylon. The early Tamils worshipped Murukan and Siva on the tops of the hills and mountains. So we find Kalastri, Tiruwannamalai, Palani, Swamimalai, Tiruthany, and Tirupparangkuntram as ancient places of worship. In Ceylon too ancient places of Saiva worship are on the hills and mountains as in Konamalai. Kathiramalai, Uganthamalai, Kandaswamymalai, Keerimalai, Sivanolipatham, and Kudiramalai (Asuvagiri). Of these Konamalai holds an esteemed position among the sacred places of Ceylon. In the seventh century St. Sambandhar in his Koneswara Pathikam in stanza 5 refers to Veddas as

“ A TEMPLE OF A THOUSAND COLUMNS” DERIVATION

irukonamalai is the Tamil name for Trincomalee. Tiru kon malai- Tiru in Tamil means sacred, Kon-(nfh‹) a king or God, Malai- a mountain or hill. Tirukonamalai the sacred hill of God. Trincomalee is a corruption of Tirukonamalai. Some try to drive the word Tirukonamalai from Tiru gona(Sinh) malai. But the temple was in existence long before the origin of the Sinhalese language. There is a celebrated Sivan temple in South India known as Tirugokaranam (âU¡nfhfuz«) a temple sanctified by the sacred hymns of St.Sambandhar.

ANTIQUITY When we examine the legends traditions and the beliefs relating to Ceylon in such Indian work as the Ramayana, the Mahabarata and the Skanda Purana, we are led to infer that Saivism was prevalent in Ceylon at a very early period. The epic King Ravana was a great devotee of the lord of Koneswaram and his devotion to Siva is immortalized in the hymns of the Tamil Saiva saints. Vibhisana the brother of Ravana is still worshipped at Kelaniya. Lakshmana the brother

jy tpUl;rk; (fy;yhy;)

ïªJ xË

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

worshippers in the temple. The Veddas were the original inhabitants of the island. They are closely associated with great temples in Ceylon namely Kataragama, Tirukovil, Verugal and Thambalagamam, It seems that when Koneswaram was destroyed by the Portugese, the Veddas changed their allegiance to the new temple at Thambalagamam. The long continued association of the Veddas with any temple seems to indicate the antiquity of the shrine. The great Agastiya after performing penance at Vetharaniam in South India continued it at Tirukarasai on the banks of the Mahaveli Ganga where a temple was founded to Lord Parameswara. Later Agastiya retired to Koneswaram and after receiving the lord’s blessings proceeded to Thuvaddapuri to worship the Lord Ketheeswarar (SHHCp.60 and DKM). One fact is clear from the story of Agastiya that before his time Koneswaram and Tirukketheeswaram had already been in existence. The stories of Agastiya are based on historical memories. These stories are the outcome of the large movements of aryanization of South India and Ceylon. It is the opinion of some historians that the ariyanization of South India began about 1000 B.C. and reached its completion before the fourth century B.C. These facts help us to form a correct perspective of the founding of the temple. St.Tirumular who belongs to a early Sidda school in his great mystical work Tirumanthiram mentions Ceylon as Sivabhumi – a land hallowed by the temples to Siva (T.M.V. 2747). This is further endorsed in the thirteenth century by Umapathy Sivam, one of the Spiritual Patriarches of the Saivite Church in his Kovil Puranam.

kiyf;Nfhapy;

in 1918 and 1919, the unearthing of a vessel containing punchmarked coins from a well at Mullaitivu in 1888, the recent discovery of dolmenoid cists by Dr. S. Paranavitana at Katiraveli in the North Eastern Coast and the statement in Konesar Kalveddu that the temple was founded in 512 Kali-Yuga. All speak of the race that produced the marvelous civilization of the Indus- Vally spread over India to Ceylon. The prehistoric tombs of hyderabad, the pieces of pottery found in the Tinnevelly District, all indicate the long trek of the people from the Indus –Vally to Ceylon. The date of the founding of the temple in 512 Kali-Yuga is not a ‘puranic’ exaggeration but seems to be a possibility in the light of the foregoing facts.

TAMIL INSCRIPTIONS

The Encyclopaedia Britannica says: “The Town (Trincomalee) was one of the first Tamil settlements in Ceylon”. (EB.Vol.22. pg.477). According to Konesar Kalveddu the founding of the

A Tamil inscription that was found in the Koneswaram Temple before it was destroyed by Constantine De Sa in 1624 gives the story of the founding of the temple. It was translated by the most learned native and certified by an Ouviador (Magistrate) of Ceylon and sent to his Majesty, the King of Portugal. The translation reads as follows: “Manica Raju

Temple was in the year 512 Kali-Yuga on Monday the tenth day of the month of Vaikasi (May-June). Current Tamil Almanac - The panchchangam –given the year A.C. 1968 as 5070 Kali Yuga. Therefore the year 512 Kali-Yuga will correspond to B.C.2590. The founding of the temple at Konamalai was 4558 years ago from now. Research scholars in archaeology like Sir John Marshal states that Saivism is the oldest faith in the world and that “Sivalinga Worship” was prevalent in the period of Mohanjo-daro and Harappa. Fortunately today a team of French archaeologists have found in Warka, a place in Iraq, a site contemporaneous with Mahenjo – Daro. Here too they have discovered the same worship. The discovery on urn- burials with skulls and bones in the Puttalam district from 1926 to1957, the discovery of punchmarked coins or puranas by Sir Paul E Pieris at Kaderodai ïªJ xË

Bau, Emperor of this Lancaue erected this Pagoda to the God Vidia- Mal- Manda in the year…….. (According to reckoning it comes to be 1300 before the coming of Christ. There will come a nation called the Franks who will destroy it, and there will be no king to rebuild it once more’. This translation was found in

Codex 51 –VIII -40 in the Ajuda Library of Lisbon(JCBRAS Vol XXX No, 80 p 449). There is no God as Vidia –MalManda. The Tamil words must be åâí«, nk‰wËí«, k©lgK«, (Vedium, Matthalium, Mandapamum) – premises, edifices and halls the builders dedicated unto the Lord. As the French were well known in Syria, The people of the East called all Europeans with some corruption of Franguis. The Portuguese themselves were impressed by this prophecy. A search was made for further evidence by examining the rocks used for the building of the fort, but none was found.

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

“Konamamalai is the abode of our lord where the raging waters of the sea scatter on the shore,sandalwood, ahil, precious stones and pearls – all of value high”. (Ahil a fragrant wood

Mudaliyar C. Rasanayagam gives the following translation of the Tamil inscriptions at the entrance of the Fort,: “O King!

The Portuguese shall later break down the holy edifice built by Kulakoddan in ancient times and it shall not be rebuilt nor will future kings think of doing so”.

of North Ceylon was one of the ancient exports of Ceylon from Matota. Deforestation has brought this species near to extinction). St.Appar who was a contempory of St. Sambandhar has referred to Koneswaram in one of his inimitable Thiruthandagams.

PATRONS 483 B.C. Vaipava Malai a record of the historical traditions of Jaffna written by Mylvagana Pulavar makes a positive statement that Prince Vijaya before assuming the kingship of the land renewed the Koneswaram Temple in the east. Santhirasekaram at Dondra Head in the South, Naguleswaram in the North and rebuilt Tirukketheeswaram on the west, which had been in ruins.(YVM p.6). As the kings of Ceylon from Vijaya to Devanampiya Tissa (247-207 B.C) were Hindus, Hindu institutions flourished during this period. With the coming of Buddhism in the third century B.C, Hinduism received a setback, but during the long reign of King Elara (145-101 B.C), it regained its lost position, though Buddism was the state religion. Writing of events in the fourth century A.C. The author of the Mahavamsa says: “ The King (Mahasena) built also the

j¡fh uoah®¡F Úna ba‹Wª, jiyah® fÆyha‹ Úna ba‹W«, m¡fhu« ó©lhí« Úna ba‹W«, M¡TÇš jh‹nwh‹¿ Úna ba‹W«, ò¡fha VGyF« Úna ba‹W«, òŸËU¡F ntSuhŒ Úna ba‹W«, bj¡fhu khnfhz¤ jhnd ba‹W«, Ã‹w beŒj jhdhbt‹ beŠRshna. The Pallavas were great navigators. The culture of North India found its way to the South through the Pallavas. The civilization of the Tamil spread to distant lands of South East Asia through them. The Bhakthi Movement a fervid emotional surrender to God found literary expression in the Thevarams of the Saivite Saints. Numerous temples were built by Pallava kings for the first time in stone for worship of Brahma, Vishnu, and Siva. Ceylon obviously marked a stage in their expansion over South East Asia. They seem to have taken great interest in Koneswaram, for some of the Sanskrit inscription unearthed in the Trincomalee District are in the Pallava Grantha Script. From the Pillars and decorated stones that were found in the fort area, we have to infer that the temple was rebuilt by the pallavas and it is the ruins of this building that is now in the bed of the sea. Manavamma, son of Kassapa II, when he was overthrown by Dathopatissa fled to India where he took service with the Pallava king. He partook in his wars. Afterwards Narasimhavarman, the Pallava King helped him to regain the throne of Lanka. Manavamma ruled for nearly thirty five years. The Koneswaram temple might have been built during the time of Manavamma (676-711) when the alliance between Ceylon and the Pallava was strong. It was during Pallava period (300-900 A.C) the Hinduism became a living faith in South India. The new Hindu Rivival had its own repercussions on the cultural history of the island. It was during this period that the temple to Vishnu at Dondra Head and the temple of Skanda, at Mavittapuram were founded. This revival seems to be the explanation for the absence of Buddhists in the Jaffna Kingdom when the Portuguese took over the administration. Many Tamils who were Buddhists might have become Hindus. In South India, The pallavas gave place to the Cholas

Manihira Vihara and founded three viharas destroying temples of the Brahmanical Gods. The Gokanna Vihara and another Vihara Erakavilla and a third in the village of the Brahman Kalanda” (MV. (Geiger) Chapter, 37. V.41) All these places

were in the eastern coasts. The author of the Yalpana Vaipava Malai who had no knowledge of the Mahavamsa and the chronology of the rulers of Anuradhapura says that during the reign of King Pandu in the Saka era 358 (436 A.C) Kulakoddan), a Chola prince repaired and restored the temple and made endowments for the daily services of the Trincomalee temple. The Pandu kings ruled at Anuradhapura from 433 to 460 A.C. The building of the temple by Kulakkoddan is supported by the lithic record that is now at the entrance to Fort Frederick. Daksina Kailasa Manmiam which is a section of the great Skanda Puranam (Sanskrit) of the Fifth century gives a general survey of Hinduism in Ceylon. It says that from very ancient times nine sacred shrines were famous for the Hindus. Of these, seven are in India, and two in Ceylon namely Koneswaram and Thirukketheeswaram. In the Seventh century St. Sambandhar one of the four most famous Saiva saints had sung the praises of this temple in one ‘ Pathikam’ containing eleven stanzas. The following is a part of one stanza:

fiubfG rªJ§ fhu»‰ ãsî« ks¥gU§ fdkÂ tu‹¿¡ Fiuflš nyhj Ã¤ây§ bfhÊ¡F§ nfhzkh kiyak®ª jhnu ïªJ xË

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

Kings of Jaffna and sometimes independent (Y V M p.12). The Vanniya Chieftains of the North gave each a portion of their revenue to the temple (Y V M p 12).

and the Pandiyans, and Ceylon came under the direct rule of the Cholas in the eleventh century. The Chola built many beautiful temples to Siva and Vishnu in Polonnaruwa, Matota, Padawiya and Trincomalee Districts. They donated land, cows, money, flower-gardens etc, for the maintenance of these temples. Hindu institutions received considerable patronage and support. At the same time they made donations to Buddhist institutions and encouraged Buddhism(C.J.S. Vol. II,p.p.185 and 199) As the Kings of Ceylon who followed the Cholas at Polonnaruwa had strong links with the Tamils they continued to extend the same patronage to Brahmans and their temples as in the days of the Cholas. Vijaya Bahu I (1070-1114) founded Vijayarajeswaram at Kantalai. (E.Z. Vol. IV.p.24) (palmottai Tamil inscription) Vickrama Bahu II (1116- 1137), son of Vijaya Bahu I, was a great devotee of Siva. He founed a Saiva shrine Vikrama –cala-mega- Iswaram, at Magala also known as Vickrama calamegaiswaram. (EZ Vol. III page 308) Gaja Bahu II (1137 – 1153) son of Vickrama bahu, founded the Siva Devale I at Polonnaruwa (JCBRAS Vol XXIV. No.68. p.191) he made offering to Brahmans attached to the temple of Koneswaram. (DKP III.VV.95-97) Parakrama Bahu I (1153- 1186) erected building for the Brahmans, (Cul.Chap. 73.V.71). He also built thirteen Hindu temples, restored and rededicated seventy nine ruined temples to the Gods. (Cul. Chap. 79. Vv.19,22) Nissanka Malla (1186-1197) built the Parvathi Alms Hall at Kantalai. This small town was known as Saturvedabrahmapuram –the city inhabited by Brahmans who were proficient in all the four Vedas. Thus it will be seen that all the kings who followed the Cholas at Polonnaruwa were great supporters of Hinduism and Hindu Institutions.

Many of the Tamil books refer to Koneswaram as Daksina (South) Kailayam. Mt Kailas is known as Uttara (North) Kailayam. One is in the mountains and one is in the sea. It is interesting to note that Mt. Kailas and Trincomalee are in the same Meridian. The Buddhists of Tibet used to go to on pilgrimage to Mt. Kailas as the Hindus.

are Dakshina Kailasa Puranam, (Tamil), Konesar Kalveddu,

Tirukonasala Anthathy, Tirukonasala Venpa, Machchapuranam,

etc. References have also been made by Arunagiri Swamihal, Sekkilar Swamihal, Umapathy Sivam, etc. Sekkilar Swamihal who lived in the Twelth century says in his Periyapuranam.

mªefÇ yk®ªj§ fÂÅJ nkÉ ahÊ òilNœª bjhÈ¡F Ûœªj‹Å‹ k‹D âU¡ nfhzkiy k»œªJ br§f© kH Éilah® jik¥ ngh‰¿ tz§»¥ gho¢ He (St.sambanthar) reached that town and dwelt in comfort. In Ilam surrounded by the raging sea He enjoyed the site of the Konesar Hill And Praised and worshipped and sang The glories of the lord of the bull. Shri Umapathysivachchariyar, one of the spiritual patriarchs of the Saivite church who lived in the fourteenth century in his Sivagnamak Kali Venpa has referred to Tirukonamamalai temple.

ENSIGN Kalinga Magha (1215-1244) was a staunch Hindu and was the head of a new dynasty that began its rule over the Jaffna Kingdom in the Thirteenth century. Vira Pandiyan invaded Ceylon about 1263 and after his victory he left his ensign the double fish at the main entrance of the sacred shrine of Koneswaram. This ensign can still be seen at the entrance of the Fort. (U H C Vol. I Part II. P.685) This is endorsed by the Kudumimalai, South Indian lithic record (AR No.356- 1906) Later the Arya Chakravaties of Jaffna took some special interest in the temple. One of these kings caused the Daksina Kailasa Puranam (Tamil) to be written in praise of this shrine. The Arya Kings of Jaffna were the custodians of Tamil learning and Saivite culture for more than four hundred years from thirteenth to seventeenth centuries, The temple was under the direct management of the Vanniya Chieftains of Trincomalee until the advent of the Portuguese. These Chieftains were under the suzerainty of the ïªJ xË

THE BOOKS The books which deals with the story of the temple

k‹D âU¡nfhz khkiyÆ‹ khJiknr® bgh‹nd nfhnzr¥ òuhjdh - e‹daŠnr®

The Konesar Kalveddu gives in detail the duties allotted to the administrators of the temple who were mostly chosen from the Vellalas and given the dignified title of ‘Pandarathar’. A Governor was placed over these and invested with the title of Vanniya. The book further gives the duties and services to be performed by Thanaththar, Varippaththar, and Pasupathar (priests). It also explained the services to be performed by the inhabitants of the neighbouring villages towards the maintenance of the temple. The five types of town servants as smiths, potters, barbers, washers and pariahs were allotted lands for their maintenance. At Thambalagamam and Kantalai, immense tracts of rice fields were dedicated to the shrine. According to the temple Chronicles several princes like Gajabahu, Jeyaveera Singai Aryan, Pararajasekaran V, etc. have made endowments to the temple. 33

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

These endowments have been endorsed by the Kankuveli lithic record which was seen by the Dutch Governor Van Sanden in 1786. He has made the following observation in his diary of 20-5-1786. The record was in Tamil and when translated it was as follows. “The Wannia of Trincomalee and the seven headmen or the Adipanrs of the village of Kankuveli have dedicated this field and other advantages to be derived from that village to their God Konainathan. Whomsoever intrudes on this gifts or takes any of these advantages to himself will grievously sin, this dedication was confirmed in the presence of two priests of the casts, Eanam, and warrallepattoem. Hugh Nevill also published this in his Journal “Taprobanian.” Arunagiri swamihal of Tirupugal fame has sung the praises of this shrine in the fifteenth century.

óªj© F¿Šá tisªJ nto¢á fhªj‹ nrto tz§»na. The shower that fell near the crest of Konamalai flowed down and encircled the fertile mountain region, at the same time Worshipped the feet of Skanda Lord of the Vedda damsel. (P V P V.74)

Machchapuranam is another eighteenth century work composed by vedamalaiappapillai, a South Indian in praise of the Lord of Koneswaram. One of the finest pieces of Tamil literature produced by East Ceylon is the Tirukonasala Anthathy an unpublished work by Subramanium Arumugam of Trincomalee It seems to be a work of the early nineteenth century. The last stanza of the Anthathy is the following:

c‹dhÃidî KiyahÉisîKa® kâí« g‹dhkDî« gjwhkdK« gif ád« bghŒ k‹dht¿î« kUthÉidí« tuhãw¥òŠ brh‹dh tUÄ‹g Kªjh fÆiy¤kJ iwa‹gnd.

Ãiy¡F eh‹kiw kf¤jhd óRu® âU¡nfh zhkiy jy¤jhW nfhòu«.......... ……

The temple priests were well versed in the four Vedas – It is a temple with six towers.

Dear Lord of Koneswaram – the sacred abode known as

the Southern Kailayam – bless me with instinctive devotion towards you,fruitful actions and penetrating intellect; bless me with an unwavering will, and a consciousness pure and serene unblemished by enmity, wrath and falsehood. Destroy my karmic sequence and the chain of transmigrations. Bless me, O Lord! with the bliss of chanting your Holy Name.

Kathiramalai Pallu an outstanding work of the seventeenth century says about this sacred hill.

fháš bgh‰áy« ã‹áf u¤ij¡ fhš g¿¤nj ba¿ªâl tªj kháš bj‹nfhz khkiyia¢ NG« khtÈ f§if ehbl§fŸ ehnl.

SACRED RELIES

The crest of the golden mount The raging wind did wrench and hurl It landed in the South and eventually Come to be known as Konamamalai Mahaveli Ganga surrounds this mount And this river flows in our land (K P 8)

Fortunately in 1944 two images, a Vishnu and a Mahalakshmi were unearthed inside the fort area. Later, two bronze images one of Ganesha and the other of Parvati (seated) were discovered accidently while digging a well in a private garden (date unknown). The image of Ganesha found in this place is one of the best of its kind in Ceylon or even in India. A Trisulam (Trident) and a figure of a bird (the traditional annam) perhaps the top of a lamp were unearthed with the other finds. Again on July 3, 1950 a committee was appointed to decide as to the image, the temple would be dedicated to when it was rebuilt. The committee had to submit its report on August 6,1950 with regard to the restoration of the temple, and also to examine a method of procuring a ‘Lingam’ from Benaras. On July 27, 1950 three images of Siva (seated), Parvati (standing), both of bronze and a Chandrasegara (inferior metal) came to light just in time to satisfy the long persistent and widespread yearning of the Ceylon Saivites to rebuild the historic temple. It is good to note that with the dawn of independence and with the rebuilding of the temple, He (The Lord of Koneswaram) should reappear from his long seclusion of 326 years to restore benign grace on his numerous devotees. So far no images of Skanda has been unearthed in the precincts of the sacred edifice. Images of Nadarajah also have not come to light.

De Queyros an eminent Portuguese historian of the seventeenth century says that the temple was “The Rome of the Orient”. And was more frequented by pilgrims than Rameswaram or Jeganath in Orissa. (De Queyros Bk II- p 236) About this great shrine the same book says: “Over that

large harbor (Trincomalee) there juts out from the land into the sea a rock on which the kings of Ceylon erected three pagodas two at the extremities’ of the hill overhanging the sea and one in the middle and the highest point which was the principal one and one of the most venerated in India” (de

Queyros Bk 1-p.66) Though the great temple was demolished the Paralai Venayagar Pallu, a famous eighteenth century work of Sinnathambypulavar refers to the sacred hill.

bghUÉš nfhz¢ áfu¤ jU»‰ bghÊªJ btŸs« tÊªJ nghŒ¥ ïªJ xË

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

The measurements and weights of the Trincomalee finds. Siva (seated) 1’—8 ½”x10” - 70 lbs (more gold and copper) Parvati(seated) 1’—4”x8” - 30 lbs (“— ”— ”) Siva(standing) 1’---8”x7” - 25 lbs (more white lead) Parvati(standing) 1’ –8” x5” - 30 lbs (gold and copper) Ganesha(standing) 1’ –8” x 10 ½” - 65 lbs (more gold and copper) Tirusulam 1’ – 7” x1” - 8 lbs (more brass) Lamp Top (annam) 1’ –5”x12” - 7 lbs (“— ”— ”) The seated Siva and Parvati are on two separate cushions and are specimens of superb Chola metal work. The Polonnaruwa finds of 1908 and 1960, are inferior to the Trincomalee finds in beauty, grace and expression. The Trincomalee Siva (seated) is the most outstanding example of Hindu metal casting, and symbolism of the highest conception of the Infinite. The Parvati (standing) is also a rare specimen of the ingenuity of the great artists. The Siva (standing) seems to be a crude specimen of an earlier era. The image of Ganesha has few similar types either in India or Ceylon in respect of its form Beauty and strength. The statues of Vishnu and Lakshmi excavated inside the fort in 1944 are definitely Pallava sculptures. VANDALISM It was New Year Day in 1624,the temple lamps were lit and the ceremonies were in progress one after the other. The processional statues of Siva and Parvati were taken in a chariot from the hill to the town. A great crowd was followed the chariot. The temple was deserted by the people who left its premises. A ‘fifth column’ attack was engineered by the Portuguese. Soldiers dressed as Hindu prists entered the colossal temple and began to loot and plunder. Priests and servants who remained in the temple were put to the sword. The accumulated gold, silver jewels and treasures of centuries were looted. Some priests escaped carrying with them whatever things they could carry. Later Constantine De Sa demolished ‘the temple of a thousand columns’ in order to employ its materials for the building of the Fort. It would have been a venerable piece of hindu antiquity in this island had not the Portugese destroyed it. Some of the images of this sacred edifice were taken to Thambalagamam where later a temple was erected by Rajasinha II (1635-1687) to the Lord Koneswaram (K P) Before destruction of the temple a picture of the magnificent building was drawn and its dimensions were also noted. The picture was discovered in the Lisbon Library, and Mudaliyar C. Rasanayagam has inserted it in his book “Ancient Jaffna” ïªJ xË

on page 379. Tradition, oral and written states that the temple had a thousand – pillared hall and a bathing tank in addition to the halls and Courtyards. Six years later retribution followed De Sa. Hindus and Buddhists joined hands to avenge the destruction of Konesar Temple. De Sa and his comrades were enticed to enter the jungles of Badulla to conquer the Kandyan Kingdom. De Sa’s Ceylonese fifth columnists fell on the Portugese soldiers and slaughtered them to a man. No white man was left behind to tell the sad tale. Rodrigo De Sa The son of the Constantine De Sa wrote apologetically for his father’s sins: “The Portugese domination of Ceylon began to totter after the destruction of the Koneswar temple and the regime gave way to the Dutch.” Every action has a reaction not only is true in the physical plane but also in the moral plane. Every cause has an effect and every effect has a cause. This is one of the theory of Karma. This is one of the greatest discoveries of the ancient sages of India. None can escape these great moral laws. As long as Dutch were in possession of Trincomalee no permission was granted for public worship at Swami Rock. When the British displaced the Dutch in 1795, Hindus were permitted to perform their religious ceremonies at the sacred rock. Another important event in recent years is the erection of a beautiful new shrine to the Lord of Koneswaram. After Ceylon became independent many patriotic Hindus in the Eastern Province and other leading members of the Hindu public greatly longed for the restoration of this ancient shrine and so in July 1950, these well wishers met and resolved to collect the necessary funds for its restoration. Thereafter, a splendid temple was erected to Lord Koneswara at the ancient site and on March 3, 1963, the sacred images were installed with appropriate ceremonies. Once again after a lapse of 340 years Lord Koneswara and his consort Mathummai Ammai have begun to bestow benign grace upon their devotees. This in brief is the story of the temple. Our thanks must go to Mr. Mike Wilson and to Mr. Rodney Jonklaas, two great underwater explorers who discovered the ruined temple below the sea. The stone column that was salvaged by them might be the ‘Lingam’ of the old Koneswaram temple. From all what has been said the following conclusions may be formulated. 1. Trincomalee is one of the oldest sites of worship in the world 2. Some sort of civilised religion existed in Ceylon before the birth of the Buddha – Saivaism 3. The approximate age of the temple is about 3268 years according to lithic records. 4. The temple was in continuous existance from 1300 B.C. to the fourth century A.C. It might have been in ruins between the fourth and fifth centuries. A.C.Though 35

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

5. 6.

7. 8.

9. 10.

11.

12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

17.

18.

there was no temple between 1624 and 1963, there was congregational worship at the sacred site after 1800 to the inauguration of the temple in 1963. The site of the Gokanna vihare is not mentioned. The magnificent temple with its towers, halls, and edifices and its adjacent district formed a great principality under a Governor as Vanniya. The people in the District had allotted services to the temple in some form or other. The income from the neighbouring villages were allotted to the temple. Tamil and Sinhalese Kings except Mahasena patronized the celebrated temple. Kings and princes who endowed the temple also endowed those who served the temple so that they might be above wants. The Temple had an international reputation. The temple that was demolished by the Portuguese might have been built in the latter half of the seventh century by the Pallavas. The bronze images that were unearthed are definitely Chola sculptures. Cholas seem to have taken great interest in the temple. The stone images that were discovered belong to the Pallava period. The prophecy with regard to the destruction of the temple by the Portuguese has accurately been foretold. With the temple as a nucleus a great literature has been produced. The fortunes of Koneswaram is closely linked with the fortunes of Ceylon. The Koneswaram temple from the beginning of the Agamic period has been carrying out all religious ceremonies in accordance with the injunctions of the Agamas. Trincomalee was a great port from prehistoric times and was a populous district that was colonized at a very early date. A walk round Fort Frederick will convince any searcher the awe- inspiring romance of those aged granite stones over which time and war have flowed unavailing over the centuries. The old temple’s existence is incontrovertible.

This Evidence is based on the following books AJ AR CJS Cul DKP

Ancient Jaffna -1927-Mudaliyar C. Rasanayagam Archaeological Report (South India) Ceylon Journal of Science Vol II Culavamsa Part I and II (Geiger) –Dhammakitti etc. Daksina Kailasa Puranam (Tamil) - 14th Century Panditharasar DKM Daksina Kailasa Manmiam (Sanskrit) –fifth century AC EB Encyclopaedia Britannica EZ Epigraphia Zeylanica – Vol III and IV. HSS Hymns of the Saivites Saints (Tamil) – seventh and eight centuries. JCBRAS Journal of the Ceylon Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society KK Konesar Kalveddu(Tamil) - 15th century? - Kavyrasa Varothyan KP. Kathiramalai Pallu(Tamil) - 17th century MV Mahavamsa- 6th century (Geiger) –Mahanama PP Periyapuranam (Tamil) -12 th century- Sekkilar Swamihal PVP Paralai Venayagar Pallu(Tamil)-18 th centurySinnathambi Pulavar SHHC A Short History of Hinduism in Ceylon - 1964 – C.S.Navaratnam SKV Sivanamak Kali Venpa – 14th century –Umapathy Sivachchariyar TB Trincomalee Bronzes- 1953- Dr. W. Balendra TKP Tirukonasala Puranam (Tamil) -19 th centuryM.Muththukumarupillai. TM Tirumanthiram(Tamil)-before the 8 th centuryThirumular TP Tirupukal(Tamil) -15 th century –Arunagiri Swamihal TSCC The temporal and spiritual Conquest of CeylonVol.1-IV-17th century- Father Fernao De Queyros TV Tirukonasala Vaipavam(Tamil) 19 th Century V. Akilasapillai UCHC University of Ceylon- History of Ceylon Vol. I Part I and II YVM Yalpana Vaipava Malai – edited by Mudaliyar K u l a s a b a n a t h a n ( Ta m i l ) - 1 8 t h c e n t u r y –Mylvaganapulavar.

,uhtzd; ntl;L

ïªJ xË

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

ï¡f£Liu MáÇa® g»®ªJbfhŸ»wh®.

K¡»a m¿É¤jš 10.04.2014 m‹W átnahf® RthÄfË‹ 50MtJ FUóiriabah£o ešÿÇš el¡F« tÊghL k‰W« Énrl ÃfœîfËY« fyªJbfhŸSkhW m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w« midtiuí« miH¡»wJ. ïªJ xËÆ‹ mL¤j ïjœ ï¡FUóir áw¥ò kyuhf btËÆl¥gL«. ïªJ xË

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

e‹¿ ïªJ xË - âU¡nfhnzÞtu Mya knfh‰rt áw¥ãjÊš ïl«bg‰WŸs áy Éla§fŸ, âU¡nfhnzÞtu Mya gÇghyd rigahš btËÆl¥g£l "âU¡nfhnzÞtu«" tuyh‰W¤ bjhF¥ò üÈÈUªJ e‹¿íl‹ bg‰W¡bfhŸs¥g£lJ. ïªJ xË

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

ççççççççççççççççççççççççççççççççççççççççççççç

,e;J xsp - = Kj;Jkhhp mk;kd; kNfhw;rt rpwg;gpjo; xU ghh;it

ççççççççççççççççççççççççççççççççççççççççççççç irttpj;jfh; ntw;wpNty; rrpfud; te;jhW%iy> kl;lf;fsg;G

kzpj;jpUehlhk; ,yq;fhGhpjdpNy ,e;Jf;fspd; mwepWtdkhfj; jpfOk; mfpy ,yq;if ,e; J khkd; w j; j pd; Md; k P f ,johf kyh; e ; J mwpahik ,Usfw;wp nja;tPf xspNaw;wp Rlh;tpl;L gpufhrpj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; “,e;J xsp” tp[a tUlk; khrpj; jpq;fs; Kjyhk; ehs; (13.02.2014) md;W mUs;kpF khj;jis = Kj;Jkhhpak;kd; Mya kNfhw;rt rpwg;gpjohf 18tJ jPgj;jpd; 02tJ Rluhf kyh;e;jpUe;jJ. ,jd; cs;slf;fq;fshf ml;ilapd; Kfg;gpid vopy; k pF Kj; J khhpak; g pifAldhd NfhGuKk; kiyafj; j pd; ,aw; i f fhl; r pAk; myq; f hpf; f cl;Gwj;jpy; gQ;rGuhzj;jpd; ,izg;Gldhd KfTiuahdJ “e k ; g p f ; i f f ; F h p a f y q ; f i u tpsf;F = Kj;Jkhhpak;kd;” vDk; jiyg;gpDhlhf kfpikkpf;f jpUf;Nfhapypd; goikiaAk; ghuk;ghpaj;ijAk; nkU$l;b, irtg;gz;ghl;bd; milahsq;fisAk; vkJ kjk; rhh;e;j tplaq;fisAk; kiyafj;jpy; khz;GWtjw;F khj;jis Kj;Jkhhp mk;gpifapd; mUs; Ntz;b gpuhh;j;jpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. mjidaLj; J Md; k P f r; R lhpd; mUs;kly; gpuRukhfpapUe;jJ. ,k; kly; Clhf “mwr;rhiyahf jpfOk; mk;ghspd; Myak;” vDk; jiyg;gpd; %yk; Md;kPfr;Rlh; njhz;Lehjd; Rthkpfshy; kiyAk; kiyrhh;e;j ,lkhfpa khj; j is kz; z py; mwr; r hiyahf jpfOk; mk;gpifapd; Myaj;jpdhy; epfo;j;jg;gLk; rka r%fj;njhz;Lfs; vf;fhyKk; epiyngw;wpUf;f tho; j ; j p ,dk; , nkhop Mfpatw; i wf; f le; J midtiuAk; Ml;nfhs;Sk; mk;ghs; vk;kz;izAk; fhg;gJld; ehl;by; mikjpAk; jh;kKk; epiyf;f vQ;Qhd;Wk; Jizepw;f Ntz;Lk; vd MrpAiuia toq;fpapUe;jhh;. khj;jis Kj;Jkhhp mk;ghs;; jpUj;jyk; vDk; Mf;fj;jpD}lhf mk;ghspd; jpUj;jyj;jpd; tuyhw;W tplaq;fisAk; Mya miktplj;jpd; rpwg;igAk; jw;fhyj;jpy; ,J vt;thW rpwg;Gw;W tpsq;Ffpd;wJ Nghd; w tplaq; f is K.rptypq; f k; mth; f s; vOjpapUe;jhh;. rf; j p tpujq; f s; fl; L iuapD}lhf ,fNyhf ,d;gq;fisAk; Kj;jpapd;gj;ijAk; xUq;Nf toq;ff;; $ba md;idia Muhjpj;J mj;jifa NgWfis ngWjw;Nfw;w tpujq;fshd Nfjhunfshp, etuhj;jphp, tuy\;kp tpujq;fspd; tuyhw;W tplaq;fisAk; ïªJ xË

mtw; i w mDl; b f; F k; KiwfisAk; mtw; i w Nehw;gjdhy; Vw;gLk; gyd;fs; Nghd;w tplaq;fs; vLj;Jiuf;fg;gl;bUe;jd. mjd; njhlh; r ; r pahf “jP g topghL” vDk; jiyg; g pd; Clhf jpUtpsf; f pd; jifikfSk; mj; j pUtpsf; F fis Vw; W k; Kiwfs; kw; W k; gaidAk; vspa Kiwapy; Njhj;jpug;ghly;fSld; $ba cjhuzq;fSld; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUe;jJ. mjidaLj;J ehtyh; gf;fj;jpy; “gz;bjkzpapd; ghh;itapy; ehtyh;” vDk; jiyg;gpDhlhf ehtyhpd; kUfUk; khztUkhfpa tpj; J trpNuhd; k zp nghd;dk;gyg;gps;isf;Fk; ehtyUf;Fk; ,ilapy; fhzg;gl;l cwT kw;Wk; mth;fspw;F Vw;gl;l Nrhjidfs; kw;Wk; rhjidfSk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUe;jd. gpd;dh; njhlh;r;rpahf khzth; xspia myq; f hpf; F k; nghUl; L =y= MWKf ehtyhpd; rkag;gzp gpurq; f k; nra; j y; , Guhzgldk; nra; j y; , fy; t pg; g zp Nghd; w it RUf;fkhf tpghpf;fg;gl;L ,Ue;jJ. mjidaLj;J ey;Y}h; fe;jd; kNfhw;rtj;ij xl;b mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk; elhj;jpa fl; L iug; N ghl; b apy; fP o ; g ; g phptpy; Kjy; ghpR ngw; w fl; L iuahd “Nfhapy; ,y;yhj Chpy; FbapUj;jy; MfhJ.” vDk; jiyg; g pD}lf fiyg; nghf; f p\q; f shf jpfOk; Myaq;fspd; Nkd;ikiaAk; mtw;iw Ngzpg;ghJfhj;j ekJ mwpTrhh; Kd;Ndhh;fspd; rpwg;Gk; vLj;Jf;fhl;lg;gl;bUe;jJ. mjd; njhlh;r;rpahf ,lk;ngw;wpUe;j khkd;wr; nra;jpf; Fwpg;gpD}lhf “ghlrhiy NjhWk; rptnjhz;lh; mzp” mikj;J mjDhlhf vkJ ,isa rKjhak; Md; k P f j; J ld; $ba gz; G s; s MSikkpf; f rKjhakhf cUthf;Fk; nghUl;L mt; mwptpj;jy; gpuRukhfpapUe; j Jld; Ma; T r; r Q; r piff; F hpa fl;LiufSf;fhd tpz;zg;gq;fis Nfhhp mtw;iw mDg; G tjw; f hd topKiwfSk; mwptpj; j ypy; mikag; ngw;wpUe;jd. ,jd; mLj;j fl;lkhf khkd;wj;jpd; nra;jpg;gFjpapy; Gz;zpa G+kpapd; jPh;j;jf;fiu ghyhtpia ghtG+kpahf; f path; f s; ahh; ? vd; w nra;jpapd; Clhf irtj;jkpoh;fspd; tuyhw;Wj; jpUf;Nfhapyhf tpsq;Fk; jpUf;NfjPr;ru Myaj;jpd; ,aw;if mikg;Gk; mq;F vOe;jUsp mUshl;rp GhpAk; ,iwtdpd; fPh;j;jpAk; vLj;Jiuf;fg;gl;L ,t;thwhd Gdpj gpuNjrj;jpy; Gijaiy ntspg;gLj;jpa nfshp 39

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

mk; g hs; clDiw jpUf; N fjP r ; r uehjngUkhNd! jUkk; epiyf;f topnrhy;Yq;fs;, vDk; nra;jp mikag; n gw; w pUe; j Jld; ,g; G z; z pa G+kpahfpa jpUf;NfjPrr ; u gFjpapy; kdpj cly;fs; Gijf;fg;gl;L ,Ug;gijg;gw;wpa KOikahd tprhuiz elhj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk; toq;fpapUe;j nra;jpAk; Fwpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. mjidaLj; J “mbahiu topgLNthUf; F ,ul;ilg;gyd;”vDk; jiyg;gpd; Clhf gpuRukhfpapUe;j Mf;fj;jpy; jpUKUf fpUghde;j thhpahh; Rthkpfs; nrhd; d fij ntspg; g Lj; j g; g l; b Ue; j Jld; ,izaj;jsj;jpypUe;J ngwg;gl;l irtg;gz;ghl;by; ngz;nja;t topghLk; ngz;Zk; vDk; Mf;fKk; gpuRukhfpapUe;jJ. mLj; J rh; t Njr nra; j pg; g f; f j; j pd; Clhf ,e;NjhNerpah ehl;by; ntspaPL nra;ag;gl;l fud;rp Nehl;by; mikag;ngw;w mjpra gps;isahhpd; cUtk; glkhf fhl; r pg; g Lj; j g; g l; b Ue; j Jld; mtw; w pd; tuyhw; W tplaq; f is lhf; l h; v]; . n[aghujp ,izaj; j sj; j pd; cjtpAld; Ma; T nra; J vOjpapUe;jhh;. mLj;j fl;Liuahf Foe;ij tuk; ngw cjTk; kfj; j hd Myaq; f Sk; topghl; L KiwfSk; vDk; jiyg;gpD}lhf rpy jyq;fspDila rpwg;Gk; Nkd;ikAk; Muhag;gl;bUe;jJ. ,tw; W ld; ,ize; j jhf khkd; w j; j pdhy; nghq;fy; jpUehisnahl;b toq;fpapUe;j nra;jp gpuRukhfpapUe; j NjhL khkd; w j; j pd; mQ; r yp njhFg;gpD}lhf ,e; ehl;bd; Nkd;KiwaPl;L kd;wpd; jiytuhf ,Ue;j khz;GkpF ePjpaurh; Re;juk; =];fe;juh[h mth;fspd; kiwT Nfl;L ,e; ehl;L kf;fspd; rhh;gpy; mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk; mQ;ryp njhptpj;jpUe;jJ. ,tw;Wld; ,ize;jjhf ,e;J xsp jPgk;18 Rlh;1 ,d; ntspaPl;L itgtk;, khkd;w jiyikafj;jpy; 02.02.2014 ,y; eilngw; w eP j ; j hh; epidT itgtj;jpd; Gifg;glq;fSk;;, khj;jis =Kj;Jkhhp mk;gpifapd; tPjp cyhf;fhl;rpfSk; kw;Wk; khkd;w epfo; T fSk; Gifg; g lq; f Sk; cs; m l; i lapy; mikag;ngw;wpUe;jd. Nkw;Fwpj;j ,itaidj;JlDk; xsph;e;jpUe;j ,e;J xsp 18tJ jPgj;jpd; 02tJ RluhdJ fw;Nwhh; Kjy; kw;Nwhh; tiuapyhd midj;J jug;gpdUk; tpUk;gpf;fw;ff;$ba Kiwapy; tbtikf;fg;gl;lJld; rf;jp topghl;Lf;Fhpa yypjhk;gpif etuj;jpdkhiy, khhpak;kd; Nghw;wp, Jh;f;f epthuz m\;lfk; Nghd;w mUikahd tplaq; f Sk; Mtzg; g Lj; j g; g l; L mikag; ngw;wpUe;jJ. ,t;thW r%fj;jpy; mwpthh;e;j rKjhaj;ij fl;bnaOg;Gk; Nehf;Fld; vy;yh taJ jug;gpdUk; tpUk; g pf; f w; f f; $ ba fhj; j pukhd tplaq; f is jd; d fj; N j nfhz; L gjpndl; L tUl fhykhf ,e;Jf;fSf;fhf ,t; Md;kPf ,jopid ntspaPL nra;Ak; mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wj;jpd; mwpTrhh; mwg;gzp #hpa re;jpud; cs;stiu ,t;Tyfpy; vd;Wk; epiyngw;W ,t; itafj;ij tsg;gLj;j vy;yhk; ty;y ,iwtid gpuhh;j;jpf;fpd;Nwd;. ïªJ xË

ïªj¢ RlÇš... ñ

gŠr òuhz§fŸ

Md;kPfr;Rlupd; mUs;kly;

âU¡nfhnzÞtu Mya tuyhW

âUPhdr«gªj_®¤â ehadh® âU¥gâf«

csf;fz; jpwf;Fk; jpwTNfhy;

âU¡nfhnzÞtu® njuo¢ áªJ

khJik m«ghŸ njuo¢ áªJ

âUKiwfËš âU¡nfhnzÞtu«

jpUf;NfhNz];tuKk; Rthkp nfq;fhjuhde;jh mth;fSk;;

NfhNz];tuKk; Fd;wf;Fb mbfshUk;

ñ ñ ñ ñ ñ ñ

jpUf;NfhNz];tuk; kfpik $Wk; ,U E}y;fs; 20

mUz»Çehj® mUËa âU¥òfœ

Thirukoneswaram

The Temple of Konesar

The Shaiva Life

,d;gNk ve;ehSk; Jd;gkpy;iy

Koneswaram

ehd; fz;l Nahfh; Rthkp

,e;J xsp - = Kj;Jkhhp mk;kd; kNfhw;rt rpwg;gpjo; - xU ghh;it

ñ ñ

ñ ñ ñ ñ ñ

,e;j ,jOf;F mDruiz toq;fpath; A. M. jdehafk;

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ

jpUf;NfhNz];tuj;jpy; 09.02.2014 ,y; jpUf;NfhNz];tuk; E}y; gupghyd rigahy; ntspapl;L itf;fg;gl;l itgtj;jpd; fhl;rpfs;

jpUf;NfhNz];tuk; E}y; Ch;tykhf vLj;Jtug;gLk; fhl;rpfSk; fye;Jnfhz;l ngupNahu;fSk;

,uhkfpU\;z kp\d; jiyth; Rthkp rh;t&ghde;j kfhuh[; khkd;wg; nghJr;nrayhsu; fyhepjp Kj;ijah fjph;fhkehjd;> Nky; ePjpkd;w ePjpaurh; ,sQ;nropad; kq;fs tpsf;Nfw;wYk; E}y; ntspaPl;L epfo;Tk;

kdKte;j ed;wp

jpU. guQ;Nrhjpg;gps;is guNk];tud; Mya gupghydrigj; jiyth;

jpU. fzgjpg;gps;is mUs;Rg;gpukzpak; jpU. ehfkzp jpthfud; Mya gupghydrig ek;gpf;ifg; nghWg;ghsh; Mya gupghydrig nrayhsUk;> (jk;gyfhkk; gw;W) jpUf;NfhNz];tuk; jpUf;NfhNz];tuk; E}y; njhFg;ghrpupaUk; E}y; njhFg;Gf;F cWJiz nra;jth;

Mya gupghydrig ntspapl;l jpUf;NfhNz];tuk; njhFg;G E}ypypUe;J gy tplaq;fis ,e;j rpwg;G kyupy; Nru;j;J ,Uf;fpNwhk; ïªJ xË wp - Mrpupau; FO âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ mjw;F mg; gupghyd rigapdUf;F41ed; “,e;J xsp”

ïªJ xË

âU¡nfhnzÞtu knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ