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xsp topghl;bd; cl;nghUs; tpsf;fk;

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“J}z;LRl Vida Nrhjpfz;lha;”> “nrhw;Wiz Ntjpad; Nrhjp thdtd;” Nghd;w xspiaf; Fwpf;Fk; nrhw;gjq;fshy; ,iwtidr; Rl;bf;fhl;bAs;sik> Nehf;fw;ghyJ. me;j tifapy; xsp topghl;bid ikakhff; nfhz;l ,e;Jg; gz;bifahf tpsq;FtJ jPghtspahFk;. jPgj;jpUehs; vd;Wk; ,g;Gz;zpaehs; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ. #upad; > re; j pud; > Nfhs; f s; vd; g d G+kpf; F xspA+l;Lfpd;wd. etf;fpuf ehafu;fshf> Vw;wpg;Nghw;wp mj; n ja; t q; f s; topghL nra; a g; g Lfpd; w d. mt; t hNw mf; f pdpAk; xspj; n ja; t khf topghl; b w; F hpajhapw; W . kq;fs fhupaq;fs;> tpsf;Nfw;wpitj;J topghL nra;Nj njhlq;fg;gLfpd;wd. kfh ,yf;Fkpahf> xsptsu; tpsf;F nfhs;sg;gl;L> G+rpf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;w ,e;J kuG ,d;Wk; fhzg; g Lfpd; w J. ,jdhy; ml; l I]; t upaq; f Sk; milag;ngwyhk; vd;w ek;gpf;if tPz;Nghtjpy;iy. mf;fpdp jPgj;ij Vw;wp> jpUf;Fwisg; gbf;fTk; czT rikj;J cz;L capu; thoTk; cjTfpdw ; J. mNjNtis Xu; Ciuf;$l vupjJ ; r; rhk;guhf;Ffpdw ; J. Mf;fKk;> mopjj ; Yk;> mf;fpdpahy; eilngWtjdhy; gz;Lnjhl;L> ,w;iwtiu xspjn; ja;tkhf mf;fpdp mjd; gy;NtW tbtq;fspy; topghL nra;ag;gl;L tUfpwJ. ahfk; ,e; J rkaf; f pupiafspy; Kf; f paj; J tk; ngWfpd;wJ. topgLfpd;w nja;tq;fSf;F mspf;fg;gLfpd;w mtpg;ghfq;fs;> ahfFz;lq;fspy;> mf;fpdp tsu;f;fg;gl;L mjDs; ,l;L mf;fpdp %ykhf MFjp nra;ag;gLfpd;wd. Mya topghL> tPl;by; topghL>G+u;t mguf; fpupiafs; kw; W k; ,e; J rka> r%f itgtq; f s; > tpohf; f s; > nfhz;lhl;lq;fs; midj;Jk; jpUtpsf;F Vw;wp topghL nra;J Kjy; tzf;fk; nrYj;jpaijj; njhlu;e;Nj epfo;j;jg;gLtJ ,e; J rka kuG MFk; . me; j mstpw; F xsp topghL Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpd;wJ. mf; f pdp> gQ; r G+jq; f Ss; xd; W . ,g; G +kpAk; , G+kp cs; s gpugQ; r k; KOtJk; mjd; k P J fhzg; g Lfpd; w Njhw; w g; g hLfSk; gQ; r G+jq; f spd; Nru; f ; i fahNyNa cUthfpAs;s mz;lj;jpNy cs;sJjhd; gpz;lj;jpYk; cs;sJ. me;j tifapy; gpz;lk; vdg;gLk; vkJ clk;Gk; gQ;rG+jq;fspd; Nru;f;ifNaahFk;. xsp tpsf;F tiffs; rpg;gp> rq;F Kjypadtw;wpy; nea;A+w;wp> jpupNghl;L mfy; tpsf;fpid Vw;wpa gz;ila kdpju;fs; fhyg;Nghf;fpy; fspkz;zhy; nra;ag;gl;l ghsq;fspYk; gpd;du; nrg;G> ,Uk;G > ntz;f yk;> nghd; Nghd;w cNyhfq;f spdhy; nra;ag;gl;l jfopfspYk; tpsf;F Vw;wp xsp topghL nra;J tuyhapdu;. ,jid epidT$Uk; KiwapYk; goikia kwthjpUf;Fk; nghUl;Lk; fsp kz;zpdhy; nra;ag;gl;l

,e;J rkaj;jtu;> kfpor; r; pAk; FJ}fyKk; nghq;f jPghtsp gz;bifia Mz;LNjhWk; nfhz;lhb tUfpd;wdu;. rka Nehf;Fk;> r%f Nehf;Fk; nfhz;ljhfj; jPghtsp tpsq;FtJ mjd; rpwg;gk;rkhFk;. jPgk;> Mtsp vDk; ,U nrhw;fs; ,izf;fg; ngw;wJ> jPghtsp. Mtsp vd;gjd; nghUs; tupir MFk;. jPgq;fis Vw;wp Xu; xOq;F tupirapy; itj;J mtw;iwr; #o;e;J mku;e;J FLk;gj;jpdu; Rw;wj;jtu; kw;Wk; ez;gu;fs; midtUk; njhy;iyfs; ePqf; Tk;> #o;fyp mfyTk; xsp tbthd ,iwtid topgLjiyf; Fwpg;gJ> jPghtspg; gz;bif MFk;. kpfg; gioa fhyq;fspy; epyk;> ePu;> jP> fhw;W> Mfhak; vd;Dk; gQ;r G+jq;fisAk;> #upad;> el;rj;jpuq;fs;> Nfhs;fs; vd;gtw;iwAk; kuq;fs;> ehfghk;Gfs; Mfpatw;iwAk; mf; f hy kdpju; f s; topgl; L te; j du; . Ntjq; f spy; ,t;,aw;iff; $Wfis> Vw;wpAk; Nghw;wpAk; Jjpg;gjw;F Ntz; b a RNyhfq; f isf; fhzf; $ bajhf cs; s J. ,aw; i fr; rP w ; w q; f s; > mtw; w hy; Vw; g Lfpd; w > Kw; w pYk; vjpu;ghuhj mopTfs; mdu;j;jq;fs; kw;Wk; nfhba Neha;fs; vd; g tw; i wf; fl; L g; g Lj; j ,ayhj epiyapy; mf; f hy kf;fs; xd;W Nru;e;J gf;jp> gutrk;>Mly;> ghly;> $j;J> nghq;fy;> G+ir vd;gtw;iw epfo;j;jp ,aw;ifr; rf;jpfisr; rhe;jg;gLj;jpdu;. ,it fhyg;Nghf;fpy; kf;fspd; mwpT tsu;r;rpf;Nfw;g tpujq;fs;> tpohf;fs;> gz;biffs; Mf kyu;r;rp ngw;wd. ,tw;wpd; kfj;Jtq;fs;> mEl;bf;Fk; Kiwfs;, milAk; gad;fs; vd;gtw;iw tpsf;fpg; Guhzq;fs;> ,jpfhrq;fs; kw;Wk; gf;jp ,yf;fpaq;fs; Mfpa E}y;fs; vOe;jd. xsp topghL ,e; J kf; f s; xspia ,iwtdhf topgLgtu; f s; . “topghL” “topg;gLj;jy;” vd;Dk; nrhw;gjq;fs; nry;Ykplk; njupahJ> jpifj;J epw;gtu;fSf;Fr; rupahd topiaf; fhl;b cupa ,lj;ij mila cjTjy; vd;gij czu;j;Jtjhf cs; s d. ,Uspy; %o; f pj; jj; j spg; g tu; f Sf; F xsp topfhl;LfpwJ. mwpahik>mQ;Qhdk;> Mztk;> kw;Wk; Nguhir>Nfhgk; > vjpu; g ; g hy; ftu; r ; r p> cau; T jho; T kdg; g hd; i k> tQ; r k; > gifik ,itahTNk kdpj kdq;fis gPbj;Js;s nfhba ,Us; jhd; vd;gij ehk; czu;e;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,f; nfhba ,UNs kdpjupd; Jd;gq;fs;> Jau;fs;> mdu;j;jq;fs; midj;jpw;Fk; %yk; Mf cs;sJ. ,e;jf; nfhba ,UspypUe;J kPl;rp ngWtjw;F> ,iw xsp xd;wpdhNyNa cjt KbAk;> vd;gij ehk; czu;eJ ; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. me;j tifapNyNa ,iwtid xsp tbtpy; fz;L topgl;L mUs; ngWk; kuG cUthfpaJ. ,e;J kf;fSf;F Md;kPf topfhl;bfshf tpsq;Fk; mUshsu;fs;> rka Futu;fs;> Qhdpfs; vd;Nghu; “MjpAk; me;jKk; ,y;yh mUk;ngUQ;Nrhjp”> “xsptsu; tpsf;Nf”> ïªJ xË

J®K» tUl« I¥gá

tUtjw;Fk; jPghtspg; gz;bif tha;g;gpid toq;FfpwJ. ,e;j tifapy; jPghtsp ,e;J rkak;> rka> r%f> Md;kPf cyfpay; Nehf;Ffisf; nfhz;lJ vd;gij kWg;gtu;fSf;F ep&gpj;Jf; fhl;Ltjhf cs;sik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. jP g xsp topghL kpfg; Guhjd fhyj; j pypUe; N j ,e;J kf;fspilNa ,Ue;J tUfpwJ. ,iwtid “xsp tsu;tpsf;F”> “Qhdr; Rlu; tpsf;F”> “J}z;lh tpsf;fpd; Rluidau;”> “nrk;nghw;Nrhjp”> Nghd;w nrhw;gjq;fshy; tpspf;fg;gLtijj; jpUKiwg; ghly;fspy; fhzKbfpwJ. mwpT> Qhdk; vd; g tw; i w xspahff; fz; L fspf; F k; ghd;ik> ,e;J kugpy; neLq;fhykhf ,Ue;J tUfpwJ. mwpT xsp> Qhd xsp vd;gd mwpahik ,UisAk;> mQ;Qhd ,UisAk; mfw;wp tpLfpd;wd. fy;tp vd;gJ “tpsf;Nfw;wy;” vd;Wk;, xU tpsf;fpypUe;J> gy tpsf;Ffs; Vw;wg;gLfpd;wd vd;Wk; ehtyu; ngUkhd; $wpAs;sik rpe;jidf;FupaJ. Cdpid cUf; f p> cs; n shsp ngUf; F k; NghJ jhd; cyg;gpyh Mde;jk; fpl;Lk; vd;whu; Xu; mUshsu;. “cs;sj;jpNy cz;ik xsp cz;lhfpy; thf;fpdpNy xsp cz;lhFk;> vd;fpwhu;> kfhftp ghujpahu;. xsp topghL nra;tJ ,uz;L Nehf;fq;fis miljw; nghUl;lhFk;. ,uz;ilAk; epiwthf milag; ngw;whNy kdpjg; gpwtp vLj;jjd; Nehf;fk; epiwNtWk;. #upad;> re;jpud;> mf;fpdp vd;gd Gw cyfpw;F xspA+l;Lfpd;wd. mwpT> Qhdk;> cz;ik vd;git kdpjdpd; mf cyfpw;F xspA+l; L fpd; w d> mf ,Uis eP f ; F fpd; w d. kdj; j py; gbe;Js;s Nguhir Kjypa mWtif mOf;Ffs;> Fw;wq;fs; vd;git mf ,Us; Mfg;gupzkpj;J cs;nshsp ngUf;fp> cyg;gpyh Mde;jk; ngWtjw;Fj; jilahf cs;sd. xsp topghL vd;gJ Gw ,UisAk;> mf ,UisAk; xUq;Nf eP f ; F jw; nghUl; N l vd; g jd; KOikahd mu; j ; j j; i j ehk; ruptu tpsq;fpf; nfhz;L xsp topghl;by; <LgLk; NghJjhd; ,k;ikapy; ,d;gKk;> kWikapy; Ngupdg; Kkhfpa kuzkpyhg; ngUtho;itAk;> Kj;jpiaAk; mila KbAk;. Mztk; ,UspYk; nfhbaJ. ,Us; jd; i dAk; fhl; L k; > jd; d hy; kiwf; f g; g l; l nghUisAk; fhl; L k; . Mdhy; > Mzt ,Us; jd; i dAk; ,dq; f hl; l hJ. jd;dhy; kiwf;fg;gl;ltw;iwAk; gpwu;fhz mDkjpf;fhJ. Mztj;jpd; Fzq;fs;> ehd;> vdJ vd;Dk; mfe;ijAk;> kkijAk;. Mztk; vd;Dk; kyk; mOf;F> kdk; ,Us; miltjw;F VJthf cs;sJ. mwpnthsp> Qhdxsp Njhd;wp> mwpahikiaAk;> mQ;Qhd ,UisAk; cs;sj;jpypUe;J Kw; W KOjhf xopj; J cs; n shsp ngUFk; N ghJjhd; Mztkyk; ePqf; g;ngWfpwJ. kdpjg; gpwtpfF ; f; fhuzk; %y kyk; vd;Wk;><u kyk; vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLk; Mztkyk;. ,e;j Mztk; nrk;gpy; fspk;G vd;Dk; mOf;Fk; Nru;e;Nj ,Ufpd; w J. mJNghyNt capUld; MztkyKk; MjpapypUe;J fye;Nj ,Uf;fpdw ; J vd;fpwJ irtrpjj; he;jk;. Mzt kyk; capUld; fye;Nj ,Uf;Fk; tiu gpwtpjn; jhlu; njhlu;fijahfNt ,Uf;Fk;. gpwg;G> ,wg;G cz;L> fd;kk; cz;L> khia cz;L. fd;kk; njhlu;e;J ,Uf;Fk; tiu ey;tpid> jPtpid cz;L. mtw;wpd; gad;fshfpa ,d;gKk; Jd;gKk; cz;L. cs;nshspg; ngUf;fk; Vw;gLk;NghJ cs;sk; J}a;ik ngWfpwJ. thf;Fr; Rj;jk; vdg;gLk; nrhy; J}a;ik Vw;gLfpwJ. kdj;J}a;ik> nkhopj;J}a;ikiaj; njhlu;e;J nray; J}a; i k rpj; j pf; f pwJ. cs; s j; j hy; ngha; a hik> cz;ik thf;fpdhy; ngha;ahik> tha;ik clk;gpdhy;

rplb; fspy>; jpupNghl;L nea; Cw;wp jPgk; Vw;wp tupirahf mtw;iw itj;J FLk;gj;jtu; Rw;wk; #o mku;e;J xsp topghL nra;Ak; tof;fk;> jPghtsp jpdj;jd;W ,e;Jf;fs; kj; j papy; ,d; W k; ,Ue; J tUfpwJ. jPg + Mtsp = jPghtsp. mjd; nghUs; jPgq;fspd; tupir. ,d;W tpsf;Ffs; gy tbtikg;Gf;fspy; cs;sd. Fj;J tpsf;F> iftpsf;F> ghit tpsf;F> ghd tpsf;F> J}z;lhkzp tpsf;F vdg; gy tiffs; - gR nea;> Njq;fha; vz;nza;> vs;nsz;nza;> ,Yg;ig vz;nza;> Ntg;ngz;nza;> tpsf; n fz; n za; vdg; g Lfpd; w Mkzf; n fz; n za; vd;gd tpsf;Nfw;wg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; vz;nza; tiffs;. Myaq; f spy; ,iwtDf; F jP g huhjidfspd; NghJ xw;iwj; jPgk;> mLf;Fj; jPgk;> gQ;rhuhj;jp vdg; gytifj; jP g q; f s; vLf; f g; g Lk; . fw; G +uj; jP g q; f s; > fw; G +u Muj; j p vd;gdTk; ,lk;ngw;W te;jd. jw;NghJ ngUk;ghyhd Myaq; f spy; fw; G +uj; j pw; F g; gjpy; vz; n za; tiffs; gad; g Lj; j g; g Ltijf; fhzKbfpwJ. “jP g kq; f sNrhjp eNkh ek...” vd ,iwtid Jjp nra;fpNwhk;. ,iwtd;> jPtz;zd; vdg;gLfpwhd;> ,iwtp> jPgk; Mf tpsq;Ffpwhs;. xsp tpsf;fpy; kfhyl;Rkp tPw;wpUg;gjhf rh];jpu Njhj;jpu E}y;fs; $Wfpd;wd. gz;Lnjhl;L ,w;iwf;fhyk; tiu xU ew;fUkj;ijNah> kq;fs fhupaj;ijNah nra;aj; njhlq;Ftjw;F Kd;> fhyk;> gfy; Mf ,Ug;gpDk;> ,uthf ,Ug;gpDk; kq;fs tpsf;Nfw;wy; Kjy; epfo;thf ,e;J kugpy; ,lk;ngw;W tUfpwJ. MjpAk; me;jKkpyy ; h mUk;Nrhjpahf xspgug;Gk; ,iwtd; khngUk; kufj Nrhjpahf tpsf;Fr; RlupYk; tpsf;Ffpwhd;. jpUtpsf;Fg; G+ir ,f;fhyj;jpy; ,e;J kfspu; ,ilNa gpugy;ak; ngw;W tUfpwJ. kfhyl;Rkpiaf; Fj;J tpsf;fpy; Mthfdk; nra;J> topghL nra;J jkJ ,\;l rpj;jpfis clDf;Fld; milag; ngWjy; ,g;G+ir nra;tjd; Nehf;fk;. “ek;gpdhu; nfLtjpy;iy”-,J ehd;F kiwj;jPu;g;G. ,e;j ek;gpf;ifapNyNa ,ilf;fhyq;fspy; Gw kjj;jtu;fspd; Mf; f pukpg; G f; f s; > kjkhw; w q; f s; vd; g d FWf; f P L fs; > ,d;dy;fs;> ,ilA+Wfs; nra;j NghjpYk; ,e;Jkjk; ,d;Wk; gl;nlhsp tPrp> cyfk; KOtJk; guf;ff; fhzg;gLfpwJ. kfhtp\;Ztpd; Njtp> kfhyl;Rkp m\;l I]; t upaq; f Sf; F k; mjpgjpahf tpsq; F gts; fd; d pg; ngz;fs; jFe;j fztd; Ntz;bAk;> FLk;gg; ngz;fs; fztd; eyk;> Foe;ijfs; Rfk; kw;Wk; FLk; g cWg; g pdu; f s; Nrk eyd; f s; > nry;tk;> fhuparpjj ; p> Foe;ijg;NgW> fy;tp> njhopy; tpUj; j p vd; g tw; W ld; cyf eyKk; Ntz; b Ak; jpUtpsf; F g; G +ir khje;NjhWk; tUk; G+uizj; jpdj;jpd; KO epyh ,utpy; kfspuhy; nra;ag;gl;L tUfpwJ. Mz;bw;F xUKiw tUfpd;w jPghtspj; jPgj;jpUehs; ,Us; epiwe;j mkhthirj; jpdj;jpy; ,lk; ngWfpd;wJ. ,jid Mz;> ngz; NtWghL ,d;wp kf;fs; midtUk; nja;t rpe;ijidNahL nfhz;lhb kfpo;fpd;wdu;. VidNahiuAk; kfpo;tpj;J ey;y kdpj cwTfis ,d> kj> r%f me;j];J NtWghbd;wp Ngzp ïªJ xË

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cwtpdu;> maytu;> neUq;fpa ez;gu;fs; MfpNahUld; rpWG+ry; f Nsh> gifikNah> jg; g gpg; g puhaq; f Nsh> gq; f hspf; f ha; r ; r Nyh> NtW Kuz; g hLfNsh> Vw; g l; L cwTfs; ghjpf;fg;gl;bUg;gpDk; xUtu; Kfj;ij kw;wtu; ghu;gg; jw;F kWj;jpUg;gpDk; mtw;iwnay;yhk; kwe;J xUtu; tPl;bw;F kw;wtu; FLk;gj;Jld; nrd;W tpUe;Jz;L kfpo;e;J kPz;Lk; cile;J Nghd cwitr;rPu;nra;J> kd;dpg;Gf;fs;> tho;j;Jf;fisg; gu];guk; gupkhwp xU ngUk; Rikia ,wf;fpf; fPNoitj;j gukjpUg;jpAld; kPzL ; k; ey;YwT> el;G> xw;Wik vd;gtw;iw Vw;gLj;jp ngUkfpo;r;rpapy; jpisf;Fk; kuG jPghtspj; jpdj;jpy; ,d;Wk; fhj;J Xk;gp> eyk;Ngzp tUtij ,e;J kf;fsplj;jpy; fhz KbfpwJ. jP g htspf; nfhz; l hl; l k; nfhd; W Ml; l k; Mfj; jw;fhyj;jpy; khwp tUtijf; fz;Lk;, fyhrhur; rPuopTfs; ngUf; n fLg; g ij mtjhdpj; J k; ey; y cs; s q; f isf; nfhz;ltu;fs; cs;@u ntk;gpntJk;Gtijj; jtpu NtW khw;W top mwpahJ jpifj;J epw;fpd;wdu;. jPghtsp jpdj;jpy; gpw capu;gwpj;Jz;zy;> khkprNghrdk; jhuhs kag;gLj;jy;> kJ> Nghijg;nghUs; ghtid> Gifj;jy; vd;gdtw;Wld; neUf;fkhd cwT NgZjy;> cwT GJg;gpj;jy;> vd;gd md;iwa jpdj;jpd; epfo;r;rp epuypy; gpujhd ,lj;ijg; ngw;wpUg;gijf; fhzf;$bajhf cs;sJ. ,d;iwa ,j;Ju;g;ghf;fpa epiyikiag; ghu;f;Fk; NghJ kPz;Lk; eufhRud; vk;ik mf;fpukpj;J tpl;lhNdh vd;W vz;zj;Njhd;WfpwJ. Mz;ltd; jhd; kPzL ; k; ,g;G+kpapy; mtjhuQ; nra;J ey;ytu;fisf; fhj;J> jPikia mfw;wpj; ju;kj;ij epiyehl;l Ntz;Lk;. ey;y cs;sq;nfhz;ltu;fs; cs;@u ntk;gp ntJk;Gtjhy; kl;Lk; ed;ikfs; vJTk; elf;fg;Nghtjpy;iy. clNd fsj;jpy; ,wq;f Ntz;Lk;. jtk;> mwk; ,uz;bd; %yNk ey;ytu;fs; ,d;iwa mty epiyiar; rPu; nra;a KbAk;, jhkjpj;jhy; jtpf;f NeupLk;. jPghtsp - ntw;wpj; jpUehs; “ey; y tu; f isf; fhf; f Tk; > jP a tu; f is mopf; f Tk; ju;kj;ij epiyehl;lTk;> fhye;NjhWk; ehd; Njhd;WfpNwd;>” vd;W fpU\;z gfthd;> gftj;fPijapy; jpUtha; kyu;e;J mUspaikia <z;L Nehf;fw;ghyJ. ,jid J\;lepf;fpuf rp\; l gupghydk; vd; g u; . kfh tp\; Z tpd; xt; N thu; mtjhuKk; ,Nj Fwpf;NfhSlNdNa vLf;fg;gl;lJ. ,t;thW Jl;lu;fis mopj;J ey;Nyhu;fisf; fhj;j me;j ed;dhl;fis epidT $Uk; tpjj;jpYk; ntw;wpf;Fk; tpLjiyf; F k; fhuz fu; j ; j hf; f shf tpsq; f pa nja; t GU\u; f Sf; F ed; w p njuptpf; F k; ghq; f pYk; n tw; w pj; jpUehl;fis FJ}fykhff; nfhz;lhbj; jhKk; kfpo;e;J kw;wtu;fisAk; kfpot ; pff; pdw ; du;. mjw;fhfNt gz;biffs; ,e;jf; fyhrhu kugpy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;L ,d;iwa tpQ;Qhd Afj;jpYk; rpuj;ijNahL njhlug;gLfpd;wd. “nka; g ; n ghUs; fhz; g J mwpT” vd; g J Nghy Ntw;Wikfisf; fioj;J xw;Wik fhz;gJ tpNtfk;. Qhdj; jPghtsp jUk; ghlk; ,JNtahFk;. Qhd xspapd; kWngau; Md; k P f xsp> Nkd; i k nfhs; irteP j pia ntspr;rj;Jf;Ff; nfhz;L te;J> cyfk; KOtJk; gutr; nra;Ak;NghJ jhd; cyfpy; epue;ju mikjp Vw;gLk;. md;iwa ed;dhNs jPghtsp Nghd;w ntw;wpj; jpUehs; Mf kyUk;. Md;kfP ntspr;rk; kq;fp kiwAk; jWthapy; ,d;W ehk; tho;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk;. Md;kPf ntspr;rk; Fiwe;J> mwpahik ,Uspy; %o;fpf; nfhz;L jpf;Fj;jpir njupahky;

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Deepawali Around the World Compiled by Murugaiah Branavan

The festival of Diwali has been celebrated for ages and grows in attraction by the year. Everyone enjoys the goodies, the shine, glamour, and the endless enthusiasm for living that suddenly grips people around this time. But there is much more to Diwali than feasting and merrymaking. Diwali is a holy tradition, not to be put in the shade by the lights. Deepawali symbolizes the victory of light over darkness. Celebrated joyously all over the country, it is a festival of wealth and prosperity. Dipawali is essentially a festival for householders. The preparations, the rituals, the entire celebration focuses on the home and family, spanning out to cover the community as a natural extension. Diwali is a festival synonymous with celebrations in India and among Indians all over the world, is an occasion for jubilation and togetherness. This is an occasion for young and the old, men and women, rich and poor - for everyone. Irrespective of their religious and economic background, the festival is celebrated throughout the country to ward off the darkness and welcome the light into their lives. At a metaphysical level, Deepawali is a festival signifying the victory of good over evil; the latter is destroyed and reduced to ashes by fireworks is the belief of the people. This festival is celebrated on a grand scale in almost all the regions of India and is looked upon mainly as the beginning of New Year. As such the blessings of Lakshmi, the celestial consort of Lord Vishnu are invoked with prayers. Diwali is also celebrated outside India mainly in Guyana, Fiji, Malaysia, Nepal, Mauritius, Myanmar, Singapore, Srilanka, Trinidad and Tobago, Britain, Indonesia, Japan, Thailand, Africa, and Australia among the Hindus world over. Places as far as Southern America have record of celebrating Diwali. ïªJ xË

Diwali celebrations in Britain : The Indians are the second largest ethnic minority in Britain. To get rid of the feeling of missing their homeland, especially during festival times, the Indians here celebrate most of the festivals .The occasion is marked by visit to the local temple to worship the shrine of Lakshmi, which they have made for Diwali. Eating special sweets, burning of incense sticks, lighting the home and surroundings and the blowing of the conch shell follows the prayer session in the Lakshmi temple. The festival here is celebrated according to the Hindu solar calendar hence it falls in the months of October-November, amongst the cold, damp and windy months in Britain. Still the enthusiasm of the festival celebration makes the task of leaving small lamps on windowsills or by open doorways possible ignoring the chill. The lamps and diyas play their part in maintaining the atmosphere of Diwali at home. Diwali celebrations in Guyana : Guyana, formerly known as British Guiana, is located on the northeast coast of South America. Guyana is 82,978 square miles in area and has a population of about 7,70,000. Hindus constitute 33% of Guyana's total population. The Co-operative Republic of Guyana in Southern America celebrates Diwali according to the Hindu Solar calendar. The day of the festival is declared as a national holiday in the official calendar of Guyana. The tradition of celebrating the festival is believed to have been brought to Guyana in the year 1853 by the first indentured people from India. The legends related to the festival are similar to that of India. The celebration of the festival includes, distribution of 8

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temples and prayers at household altars. Small lamps made from clay and filled with coconut oil and wicks are a common sight to signify the victory of Lord Rama, the hero of the Hindu epic Ramayana, over the demon king Ravana. Diwali is celebrated almost all over the Malaysia except in Sarawak & Federal Territory of Labuan.

sweets, illuminating the inside and outside of the house, exchange of greetings, cleaning of houses and wearing of new clothes. The celebrations hold special significance for the people of Guyana. The distribution of sweet signifies the importance of serving and sharing whereas exchange of greeting cards denotes the goodwill of each other. The sweets distributed mainly consist of pera, barfi, and kheer. The tradition of wearing new cloth for the people of Guyana is significant especially in this festival. They believe that wearing new cloth is the symbol of healthy souls in healthy bodies. Cleaning of their homes and keeping them well illuminated in and outside is a practice meant to illuminate the road for Goddess Lakshmi so that while goddess Lakshmi visits their home she faces no problem of light as the diwali night is regarded as the darkest night of the year.

Diwali celebrations in Mauritius : Mauritius is an island in the Indian Ocean that lies to the east of Madagascar. This beautiful landmass is full of picturesque landscapes and enchanting spots. Mauritius accounts a 63% of Indian majority of which 80% follow Hinduism. Hence, celebration of almost all the Hindu festivals in this island is a common phenomenon. In Mauritius, Diwali celebration is an ageold tradition. It holds special significance for the natives, who believe that Diwali has been celebrated even long before the return of Lord Rama from 14 years of exile and his coronation as the king. The festival is marked by lightening of earthen lamps in rows making images out of the rows. Lakshmi is worshipped as the goddess of wealth and crackers are burnt to scare away evil spirits.

Diwali celebrations in Indonesia : The name Indonesia came from two Greek words: "Indos" meaning Indian and "Nesos" meaning islands. The majority of population follows Islam. Hindus constituent about 2% of Indonesia's total population. However, the Indonesian island of Bali is famous for celebrating the festival of Diwali, as a majority of the population here is that of Indians. It is one of the most revered festivals of the locals here. The celebration and rituals of the festival is mostly similar to that celebrated by their counterparts in India.

Diwali celebrations in Nepal : Nepal is a landlocked country nestled in the foothills of the Himalayas. Nepal, a multi-ethnic and multi-lingual society is the only Hindu Kingdom of the world. Diwali is celebrated here with the usual Hindu festivities and rituals. Diwali in Nepal is known as Tihar. Just like most places in India Diwali is celebrated here to honor the goddess of wealth and god of prosperity Lakshmi and Ganesh respectively. The festival of light falls in the months of October or November on the day of Amavasya - the darkest day of the year. The festival here continues for five days. Every day has its special significance. The first day is dedicated to cows as they cook rice and feed the cows believing that goddess Lakshmi comes on cows. The second day is for Dogs as the Vahana of Bhairava. Preparation of delicious food especially meant for the dog is a typical characteristic of the day. Lights and lamps are lit to illuminate the entire surrounding and some of the specialty items are prepared to mark the third day of the festival. Fireworks, Lamps and

Diwali celebrations in Malaysia : Fascinating in its diversity, Malaysia has many mesmerizing charms and attractions. With a population of about 20 million, comprising of a harmonious multi-ethnic mix of Malays, Malaysia promises a colorful potpourri of cultural traditions. Most are based on the various religious practices, beliefs and traditions influencing the costumes, festivals, ceremonies and rituals. The Hindu community of Malaysia constitutes about 8% of its total population .The community celebrates Diwali as a symbol of triumph of good over evil. The Malaysian people call diwali as Hari Diwali. This festival is celebrated during the 7th month of the Hindu solar calendar. The south Indian traditional of oil bath precedes the festivities. The celebration includes visits to ïªJ xË

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crackers are widely used. The fourth day is dedicated to Yama, the Hindu God of Death. He is prayed for long life. The fifth final day is Bhhaya Dooj dedicated for the brothers who are wished long life and prosperity by their sisters.

2007 Diwali Celebrations in South Africa marked the 100th year of celebrations of the festival in the country. Diwali celebrations in Trinidad and Tobago : Trinidad is the most southern of the Caribbean islands, lying only seven miles off the Venezuelan coast, is one of the most exciting, colorful islands of the West Indies. Considered as the land of the humming Bird, Trinidad and Tobago has a good number of Indian population. For that reason, Hindu festivals, customs, traditions and observances forms an integral part of the society, which comprises the unique beauty of the twin island state. The Diwali celebration has a unique flavor here in the Caribbean island nation. Here 43 per cent of the 1.3 million populations are ethnic Indians. The Diwali celebrations are usually marked as an occasion to unify the nation that consists of Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Indo-Trinidadians and Afro-Trinidadians. The festival day is regarded as a national holiday. The festival is also marked by scores of functions besides the usual rituals of the festivity. The functions and celebrations also have an official imprint as the Ministers of the Government also participate in the celebrations sometimes. The belief behind the festival is same as of India, which is, prevalence of good over evil. The celebrations continue for over a week and the headquarters of the National Council of Indian Culture at Diwali Nagar becomes the focal point.

Diwali celebrations in South Africa : South Africa is located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa. The South African culture is a mix of variety of cultures. Asians in South Africa constitute two per cent of South Africa's population, and most are of Indian origin. Indians in South Africa are descended from indentured labourers who were brought by the British from India in the 19th century, mostly to work in sugar plantations or mines (especially, coal) in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) and later also from traders who emigrated to South Africa. A decade prior to the colonization by the United States of America, the nation had the largest immigrant Indian community in the world. Interestingly, Indian South Africans form the largest group in the world of people of Indian descent born outside India. At present, South Africa has almost one million immigrant Indians most of whom are concentrated in the eastern regions of Natal and Transvaal of the country. About 65% of Hindus, 15% of Muslims and 20% of Christians live in this area. Due to the majority of the Hindu population, a number of Hindu festivals are celebrated here. Naturally, Diwali also holds an important place in the festival calendar of the region. The celebration is more or less same to that in India. A new book on Indian indentured labourers reveals that the

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Courtesy: http://www.theholidayspot.com

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,Ugj;njhU ehl;fs; NfjhNu];tuiu Nehf;fp tpujkpUe;J> <rd; clk;gpy; jhd; ghjp ,lk; ngw;whu;. ,JNt mu;j;j ehuP];tu tbtkhFk;. ,iwtDk; NjtpapdJ tpujj;ij nkr;rp> jdJ ghjp cliyj; Njtpf;F je;J> mu;j;jehuP];tuuhdhu;. gpd;du; ele;jnjd;d? gpUq;fp Kdptu; jdJ nfhs;ifia> tpUg;gj;ij> tpl;Lf;nfhLj;jjhf ,y;iy. Kdptu; clNd xU tz;L cUntLj;J> mk;ik mg;gdpd; mu;j;jehuP];tuu; tbtj;jpd; cliyj;Jisj;J ,iwtid khj;jpuk; gpujl;rzk; nra;jhu;. Njtp ,jidf; fz;Zw;whs;. Mdhy;> ,k;Kiw Njtp Kdptu; Nky; rpdk; nfhs;shJ> jdJ jha;f;Fupa fUizia mtUf;Ff; fhl;b> gpUq;fpia MrPu;tjpj;J mtiuj; jd; Gj;jpudhf Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhs;. mNj Neuj;jpy;> ,e;j Nfjhu nfsup Nehd;ig Kiwg;gb mDl;bf;Fk; gf;ju;fSf;F mUs; Gupe;jhf Ntz;Lk;> vd;W jd; gjpia Ntz;bf;nfhz;lhs;. ,J Guhzk; jUk; tuyhW. ,iwtp ,t;tpuj;ij mDl;bf;Fk; NghJ> ,iwtpf;F gzptpil nra;jtd; rpj;jpuhq;fjd; vd;Dk; fhe;ju;td; ,iwtp> ,tDf;Fk; ,t;tpuj gyidj;je;jUs Ntz;Lk; vd <ridf; Nfl;Lf;nfhz;lhs;. <rDk; mt;tz;zk; rpj;jpuhq;fjDf;F mDf;fpufpf;fNt mtd; Njtpapd; cj;juTld; mt;tplk;tpl;L ePq;fpdhd;. gpd;du; rpj;jpuhq;fd; ,t;tpujk; mjd; cau; gyd; Mfpad gw;wp c[;[apdpia Mz;L te;j tr;rpuje;jd; vd;Dk; Nte;jDf;F cgNjrpj;jhd;. ,t;tplak; ehnly;yhk; gutpaJ. ,jidf; Nfs;tpAw;w Gz;zpatjp> ghf;fpatjp vd;Dk; ,U itrpa fd;dpau;fSk;> jhq;fs; ,e;j Nehd;ig Nehw;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w kNdhjplj;Jld;

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nraw;gl tpioe;jdu;. ,tu;fs; Viofshjyhy; ,t;tpujj;ij G+uzkhf> Kiwg;gb nra;J Kbf;f fUiz %u;j;jpahd rptngUkhNd mUs; Gupe;jhfNtz;Lnkd;w gpuhu;j;jidAld; ,Ugj;njhU Kbr;Rs;s Nehd;Gf; fapw;iwf; fl;batz;zk; tpuj;ij Muk;gpj;jdu;. ,tu;fsJ Gz;zpak;> c[;[apdpapd; kd;dd; Gz;zpatjpia kze;jhd;. NrhoNjrj;J kd;dd; ghf;fpatjpia kze;jhd;. tpuj gydhf ,tu;fsJ ,y;ywk; rpwg;Gw;wJ. tsKk; ngUfpaJ. ghf;fpatjp xU Gj;jpuidAk; ngw;nwLj;J kfpo;e;jhs;. fhyk; ahiuj;jhd; tpl;lJ? fhyg;Nghf;fpy; nry;tr; nrUf;fhYk;> uh[Nghfj;jhYk;> ghf;fpatjp kdk; khwpdhs;. mfe;ijAk;> nrUf;Fk; mtisg; gPbj;jd. “ehd; xU ,uhzp. vdf;F ,e;epiyapy;> ,j;jifaNjhu; Nehd;G Ntz;Lkh?” vdj; jtwhfr; rpe;jpf;fj; njhlq;fpdhs;. tpujk; mDl;bg;gijAk; iftpl;lhs;. nja;tFw;wk; mtisg; gPbj;jJ. mts; jd; fztidg; gpupa Neupl;lJ. kd;didg; gpupe;J jd; Gj;jpuDld; Muzpaj;jpy; thOk; epiyAk; njhlu;e;jJ. jd; Gj;jpudpd; f\;lj;ij Muzpaj;jpNy fz;L kdk; cile;j ghf;fpatjp jd; rNfhjupia epidj;jhs;. mtsplk; jd; Gj;jpuDf;fhfj; jd;Dk; cjtp Nfhu Kw;gl;lhs;. rNfhjupAk; kdKte;J xU Flk; nghw;fhir ghf;fpatjpf;F mDg;gp itj;jhs;. mr; nry;tj;ijf;$l ghf;fpatjp mDgtpf;ff; nfhLj;J itf;ftpy;iy. ghjp topapy; ghf;fpatjpf;F te;j nry;tk; nfhs;isabf;fg;gl;lJ. kpFe;j JaUld; ghf;fpatjp kPz;Lk; jd; rNfhjupaplk; ele;jtw;iw tpsf;fp cjtp Nfhu> Gz;zpatjp kPz;Lk; nghd; nfhLj;Jj; jd; rNfhjupf;F cjtpdhs;. Mdhy; ,e;j cjtpiaAk; mDgtpf;fg; ghf;fpatjp nfhLj;J itf;ftpy;iy.

NjtGU\d; xUtd; topapy; Njhd;wp> tpujj;ij myl;rpag;gLj;jpa Fw;wj;jpw;fhf> kPz;Lk; ghf;fpatjpf;F te;J NrutpUe;j nry;tj;ij mgfupj;Jr; nrd;W tpl;lhd;. mg;NghJjhd; ghf;fpatjp jhd; nra;j jtiw czu;e;jhs;. nry;tr; nrUf;fhYk;> jhd; ,ilapy; mDgtpj;j mur Nghfj;jhYk;> Nfjhunfsup Nehd;igj; jhd; myl;rpak; nra;jij vz;zp tUe;jpdhs;. kPz;Lk; mt;tpuj;ij Kiwg;gb mDl;bf;f Ntz;Lk; vd kdjpy; cWjpG+z;lhs;. Mdhy; mjw;fhd nghd;idAk;> nghUisAk; ahuplk; ngUtJ vdr; rpe;jpj;jhs;. Njt mDf;fpufj;jhy; Njt GU\d; jhd; topapy; Kd;G mgfupj;j nghd;idAk; nghUisAk;> gd;klq;fhfg; ngUf;fpg; ghf;fpatjpf;Fj; je;jhd;. kfpo;e;jhs; ghf;fpatjp> tpuj mDl;bg;igr; rpwg;ghfj; njhlu;e;jhs;. tpuj gadhy;> uh[FkhuDk;> mjhtJ ghf;fpatjpapd; Gj;jpuDk; jd; je;ijiar; re;jpj;jhd;. gpupe;j uh[ FLk;gk;> ,ize;jjhy; kPz;Lk; ghf;fpatjpapd; tho;T kyuyhapw;W. NkYk;> ,t;tpuj gydpd; kfpikf;F rpy cjhuzq;fis Nehf;FNthk;. jpUkhy; ,t;tpuj;ij mDl;bj;J itFe;jg;gjtpia mile;jhu;. gpuk;kNjtNdh ,t;Tau; Nehd;ig Nehw;W cyifg; gilf;Fk; cau; gjtpiag; ngw;whu;. NjtNjtdhd ,e;jpud;> ,t;tpuj mDl;bg;gpd; gadhy;> nghd;Dyif MSk; mupaNjhu; me;j];ijg; ngw;wNjhL nts;is ahidiaAk; thfdkhfg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;lhu;. tpRj;jd; vDk; me;jzd; ,t;tpuj;ij mDl;bj;J E}W Gj;jpuu;fisg; ngw;W rpwg;Gw tho;e;J gpd; rptd; jpUtbia mile;jhd;. vdNt ,e;jtifapy; ,t;Tau; Nehd;gpd; kfpikia mwpe;J> Gupe;J ehKk; vk;khy; ,ad;w msT Kiwg;gb ,jid mDl;bj;J vk;ngUkhd; ,d;dUisg; ngUNthkhf.

fjph;Nty; KUfd; jdpg;ngUq; fUiz miynawpfly;njhLmbthd; mUf;fdha; mfkjpy; mUk;Gk; fjph;Nty;KUfd; mfucaph;Nghy; mwpthfvq;Fk; epfhpy; ,iwahk; jdpg;ngUq; fUiz.

md;gpDf; fbikaha; mbath;f; fd;gha; md;Ngmfkhk; jdpg;ngUq; fUiz. cUtNk ,y;yhcWnghUs; Mfp mUtNkahdfjph;Nty; KUfd; cyfpUs; mfw;wcah;e;njhsph; ,utpaha; mfj;jpUs; mfw;Wk; jdpg;ngUq; fUiz.

md;Gk; mwpTk; mt;topmUSk; jd;tbthdfjph;Nty; KUfd; mdyha;f; fdyha; tspapilnrd;W GdypNytsh;e;jjdpg;ngUq; fUiz.

xUngah; ,y;yhg; gygyngauha; xUjpUthdfjph;Nty; KUfd; xUtbtpy;yhxUEhWtbtha; mUkiwahdjdpg;ngUq; fUiz.

md;gpd; cUtha; md;ghh; gz;gha; md;guha; MSk; fjph;Nty; KUfd;

(ed;wp:- KUfhde;jk;)

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fe;jr\;b tpujKk; mjd; kfpikAk; njhFg;G : KUifah gpuztd; mj;Jld;; tpuj KbT jpdkhd r\;bjpdk; (#ud;Nghupy;) KUfd; tPRk; Nty; FwpjtwhJ #udpd; rNfhjuu;fshd; ahid Kfk; nfhz;l jhufd;> rpq;f Kfk; nfhz;l rpq;fd; fOj;jpy; tPo;e;J jiyfs; rha;tJk;; gy khiafs; nra;J Nghu;Gupe;J filrpahf> eLf;flypy; khkukha; epd;w #ud;gJkid rq;fhuk; "rq;fud; kfd; r\;bapy; kh mWg;gij" (rq;fud; Gjy;tuhfpa KUfg; ngUkhd; r\;bj; jpjpapNy khkukhf Njhd;wpa #uid> ,uz;lhf gpse;J rhq;fhuk; nra; A k; fhl; r pia fz; L ) juprpj; J jk; tpid Nghf; f p gf;ju;fs; fhjyhfp frpe;JUfp epw;Fk; fhl;rpAk;> fz;nfhs;shf; fhl;rpfshFk;. nfhLq;Nfhyhl;rp nrYj;jpa Mztj;jpd; tbtkhfpa #uidAk;> fd;kj;jpd; tbtkhfpa rpq;fidAk;> khah kyj;jpd; tbtkhfpa jhufidAk;> (Mztk;> fd;kk;> khia vd;w) mRu rf;jpfisnay;yhk; mopj;J> ePq;fhj rf;jpia fypAf tujdhd KUfg; ngUkhd; epiy ehl;ba cd;dj ehNs fe;j r\;bahFk;. fe;jr\;b tpuj ehl;fspy;> Md;kh Kk;kyq;fisAk; eP f ; F tjw; F upa gf; F tkhd kdJld; jdpj; J > tpopj; J > grpj; J ,Uf; f Ntz; L k; . czitAk; cwf; f j; i jAk; jtpu;j;J> jdpj;jpUe;J nra;Ak; jtNk fe;jr\;b tpujkhFk;. czu;Tfis mlf;fp cs;sj;ij xUepiyg;gLj;jp fe;jg; ngUkhdpd; ngUik Ngrp ,k;ikf;Fk; kWikf;Fk; rpwe;j topaikg;gNj ,e;j tpujj;jpd; ngWNgwhf mikfpwJ. fe;jr\;b tpujj;ij Kiwahf mD\;bg;Nghu;f;F ,r;rh rf;jp> fpupah rf;jp> Qhd rf;jp Mfpa %d;W rf;jpfSf;Fk; jiytdhd KUfg;ngUkhdJ NguUs; fpl;Lk;. r\;bad;W fe;jDf;F mgpN\fk; nra;j ghiyg; gUFNthu;f;F Gj;jpu ghf;fpak; fpl;Lk; vd;gJ IjPfk;!. rfy nry;tq;fisAk;> RfNghfq;fisAk; juty;y ,e;j tpujk; Gj;jpuyhgj;Jf;Fupa rpwg;ghd tpujKkhFk;. "r\;bapy; ,Ue;jhy; mfg;igapy; tUk;" vd;gjw;Nfw;g> fe;j\\;bapy; tpujkpUe;jhy; ”mfg; igahfpa "fUg;igapy;" fU cz;lhFk; vd;gJk;; fe;jr\;b tpujj;ij Kiwahff; iff;nfhs;tjhy; mfg;"ig" vDk; "cs;sj;jpy;" ey;y vz;zq;fSk; gf;jp vDk; ghijahy; vOe;j mikjpAk; mikAk; vd;gJk; kiw nghUs;fshFk;. mwpT tsu;r;rpf;F tpQ;Qhdk; cjTtijg; Nghd;W kd tsu;r;rpf;F rkak; mbNfhYfpd;wJ. ,iwtd; xUtd;> mtd; kf;fspd; je;ij vd;nwy;yhk; Nghjpg;gjd; %yk; md;G> rNfhjuj;Jtk; Nghd;w [Pt Cw;Wfis mUsp kf;fspd; tho;T eyk; ngwr; rkak; cjTfpd;wJ. ey;ytu;fisg; ghJfhf;fTk; jPatu;fis mlf;fTk; ju;kj;ij epiy ehl;lTk; Afe;NjhWk; ,iwtd; mtjhuk; nra;jUSfpd;whd;. jD> fuz> Gtd> Nghfq; f s; midj; i jAk;

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,e;j MW ehl;fSk; G+uz cgthrk; ,Ug;gJ mjp cj;jkk; vdf; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. kpsFfis tpOq;fp> gok; kl;Lk; rhg;gpl;L> jPu;j;jk; Fbj;J> ,sePu; Fbj;J xU Neu czT kl;Lk; cz;L mtutu; Njf epiyf;Nfw;g "fe;jr\;b" tpujk; mD\;bf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. MwhtJ ehshd fe;jr\;bad;W G+uz cgthrk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. tpujk; Muk;gkhd jpdj;jpy; Myak; nrd;W rq;fw;gk; nra;J fhg;Gf; fl;b tpujj;ijj; njhlq;fNtz;Lk;. xU tpujj;ij Muk;gpf;Fk; Kd; ,d;d Nehf;fj;Jf;fhf ,d;dKiwg;gb ,t;tsT fhyk; mD\;bf;fg; Nghfpd;Nwd; vd;W cWjpahfj; jPu;khdk; nra;J (rq;fw;gk; nra;J) Myak; nrd;W rq;fw;gG+u;tkhf mu;r;rid topghLfs; nra;J Muk;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;. Fwpg;gpl;l fhy vy;iy tiu khw;wkpd;wp mt;tpujj;ij xOq;fhff; iff; nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. cupa fhyk; Kbe;jJk; tpuNjhj;jpahgdk; nra;J tpujj;ij epWj;j Ntz;Lk;. tpujj;Jf;Fupa %u;j;jpapd; tbtj;ijg; nghd; gpujpikahfr; nra;J tPl;bNy itj;J Kiwg;gb Fk;gq;fs; ];jhgpj;J rq;fw;g G+u;;tkhfg; Gz;zpahfthrdk; Kjypa G+u;thq;f fpupiafSld; Muk;gpj;J rk];Njhgrhu G+irfisAk; nra;JKbj;J md;W KOtJk; cgthrkhapUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. kWehs; mjpfhiyapy; ePuhb epj;jpa fu;khEl;lhdq;fs; nra;J kWgbAk; mtw;Wf;Fg; G+irfs; elj;jpa gpd; Fk;gg; nghUl;fs; nghd; gpujpik kw;Wk; jhdg; nghUl;fs; ahTk; Nru;j;J Ntl;b> rhy;it> muprp> fha;fwp> jhk;G+yjl;rizfs; G+irfisr; nra;tpj;j FUTf;F toq;fp Kiwg;gb “ehd; iff;nfhz;l ,e;j tpujj;ij ,d;W cj;jpahgdk; nra;J Kbf;fpd;Nwd> rh];jpuq;fspy; nrhy;yg;gl;lgb ,t;tpujj;jpw;Fupa gyd;fisj; je;jUs Ntz;Lk;” vd;W gpuhu;j;jid nra;a Ntz;Lk;. jk;gjpG+ir> Rkq;fyp G+ir Kjypad Fwpj;J tpujj;Jf;F nrhy;yg;gl;bUe;jhy; mtw;iwAk; nra;J Kbe;jgpd; khNf];tu G+ir nra;Jtpl;Lg; ghuiz gz;z Ntz;Lk;. ghuiz fhiy vl;liu kzpf;F Kd;nra;J Kbf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ tpjp. rpyu; cjaj;jpw;F Kd; tpujj;jpw;Fupa ghuizia Kbj;JtpLtJz;L. Mdhy; #upa cjaj;jpw;F Kd; ghuiz nra;jy; tpjpad;W. cupa Neuj;jpy; ghuiz gz;Ztjw;Fj; jilfs; Vw;gl;lhy; ghuizf;fhf rikj;j czit tPl;Lg; G+iraiwapy; Rthkpf;F Kd;gilj;J epNtjdk; nra;jgpd; mjid ,e;j cupa Neuj;jpy; Kfu;e;J tpLjy; NghJkhdJ. gpd;du; ,ad;w nghOjpy; rhg;gplyhk;. rikay; jahupg;gjpYk; jhkjk; Vw;gbd; tPl;Lg; G+iraiwapy; Rthkpf;F Kd; xU rpW ghj;jpuj;jpy; ePnuLj;J itj;J mjpy; Jsrpia ,uz;L mbapiyfSld; $ba fjpuhf vLj;J me;j ePiu cupa fhyj;jpy; mUe;jp ghuizia epiwT nra;ayhk;. gpd;du; trjpahd NghJ rhg;gplyhk;. xU tpujj;jpd; Kbtpy; mjhtJ ghuiz ehspy; ,d;ndhU tpujk; te;jhy; ,e;j KiwiaNa filg;gpbf;f Ntz;Lnkd;W 15

J®K» tUl« I¥gá

vd;gjw;fhf ,e;j tpNrl G+iria nra;fpd;Nwd;” vd;W rq;fy;gpj;J tpN\l mgpNlfk;> G+ir> rz;Kfhu;r;rid my;yJ rf];u ehkhu;r;rid Kjypatw;iwr; nra;tpj;J fhg;G> ju;g;ig ,tw;Wld; jhk;G+yk; jl;riz> Ntl;b> rhy;it> muprp> fha;fwp Kjypa jhdq;fisAk; Nru;j;J mu;r;rfuplk; rku;g;gpj;J “kfpo;r;rpAld; ,e;jj; jhdj;ij toq;Ffpd;Nwd;. ,e;j tpujgyd;fs; vdf;F cz;lhfl;Lk;” vd;W gpuhu;j;jpf;f Ntz;Lk;. tpujq;fs; kf;fspd; kdtypik mjpfkhfTk;> ek;gpf;iffspd; mbg;gilapy;> mtu;fsJ tho;tpy; tsKk;> eyKk;> kpFtjw;F gad;gLfpd;wd. Vida tpuj mDl;lhdq;fisg; Nghyd;wp fe;jr\;b tpujhDl;lhdj;ij Mz;fSk;> ngz;fSk;> gps;isfSk; filg;gpbf;fpd;whu;fs;. khztu;fs; gbg;gpw;Fk;> FLk;gg; ngz;fs; FLk;g ed;ikf;Fk;> fd;dpg; ngz;fs; ey;y fztid tho;f;ifj; Jizahf mila Ntz;bAk;> Foe;ij ,y;yhNjhu; Foe;ij Ntz;bAk; ,t;tpujj;ij mDl;bf;fpd;wdu;. ,q;F Fwpg;gpl;l tpjj;jpy; tPl;bNy G+irfisr; nra;tJk; nghd; gpujpikfisr; nra;J jhdk; nfhLg;gJk; ahtUf;Fk; vspjhdjd;W. ,jdhy; tpujG+u;j;jp (cj;jpahgdk;) nra;ahJ tpLtJk; Kiwad;W vdNt cupa fhyj;jpy; Myak; nrd;W tpujG+u;j;jp (tpuj cj;jpahgdk;) nra;ag; Nghfpd;Nwd; vd;W FUKfkhfr; rq;fy;gk; nra;J ,ad;w tifapy; tpNr\ mgpN\fk; G+ir mu;r;rid topghLfisr; nra;J FUTf;F jhk;G+y jl;rizfSk;> jhdq;fSk; ,ad;wtiuAk; toq;fp tpujj;ij kdepiwNthL Kbj;J ,iwtdplk; rku;g;gpf;fyhk;. clypd; Rik Fiwtjhy; kpff; fLikahd Neha;fisf;$l cz;zhNehd;gpd; %yk; ePf;fptpl KbAk;. cz;zh Nehd;gpd; NghJ> clypy; NehAw;w jpRf;fNs Kjypy; fiuf;fg;gLfpd;wd. nfhOj;j cly; nfhz;l kdpjd;> cz;zh Nehd;gpd;NghJ kiwKfkhf cz;L nfhz;Nl ,Uf;fpwhu;. cs;SWg;Gf;fis tPzhfr; Rw;wpapUe;j gFjpfs; fiuf;fg;gLfpd;wd. cz;zh Nehd;G kpfTk; vspa> Mdhy; rpwg;ghd Cl;lr;nrayhf mike;J> cliyf; fhf;fpwJ. cz;zh Nehd;gpd;NghJ> cly; Xa;tilfpwJ. vy;yh cWg;Gf;fSf;Fk; mikjp fpl;LfpwJ. euk;Gfs; jsu;r;rp ePq;Ffpd;wd. ntg;gepiy khwp jz;ik Vw;gLfpwJ. fopTg;nghUs;fis clypypUe;J ntspNaw;w ,aw;if nfhs;Sk; topfspy; cz;zh Nehd;G kpfTk; rpwe;jjhf mike;jpUf;fpwJ. ,uj;jKk; epzePUk; J} a;ikahf;fg;gLfpd;wd. fhk czu;T jzpfpwJ. J} a epidTfs; tsu;fpd;wd. kdjpd; rf;jp> gFj;jwpfpd;w Ma;Tepiy> epidT $Uk; rf;jp> ,izj;Jf;fhZk; mwpT mjpfkhfpd;wJ. cz;zh Nehd;gpdhy; ,isatUk;> KjpatUk; GJg;gpf;fg;gLfpwhu;fs;. cly; cWg;Gf;fspy; khj;jpuk; my;yhky;> clypay; nray;fspYk; ,J epfo;fpwJ. (ed;wp: ,izak;)

rhj;jpuq;fs; $Wfpd;wd. ,uz;lhtJ tpujKk; > cgthrkhf ,Ue;jhy; KjyhtJ tpuj;jpd; ghuiziaj; Jsrp> jPu;j;jk; mUe;jp epiwNtw;wp tpl;L ,uz;lhtJ tpujj;ij Kiwg;gb cgthrkhf mDl;bj;J mjw;F kWehs; ghuiz nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ngUk;ghYk; Nfjhunfsup Nehd;gpd; kWehs; fe;jr\;b tpujhuk;gk; my;yJ fe;jr\;b tpuj Kbtpy; mjhtJ ghuizad;W Nrhkthu tpujk; tUtJz;L> ,r; re;ju;g;gj;jpy; Kjypy; ehk; $wpa tpjpKiwiaf; iff; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. tpuj epakq;fis Muk;gj;jpNyNa msTld; iff;nfhs;tJ ed;W. fLikahd Kiwapy; Muk;gpj;J gpd;du; miuFiwahf epWj;JtJ $lhJ. tpujj;ij fpukg;gb mDrupf;f Kbahjtu;fs; jk;khypad;wsT mDrupg;gNj jFjp. jk;ksTf;F kPwp cliy tUj;j Neupbd; tpujj;jpy; ntWg;Gj; Njhd;Wk;. ,jdhy; tpuj gyd; ,y;yhky; Ngha;tpLk;. Myaq;fspy; Muk;gjpdj;jpNyNa ju;g;igazpe;J fhg;Gfl;b> rq;fw;gpj;J MW ehSk; Nehd;gpUj;jy; Kiw> ,Wjp ehspy; ju;g;igia mtpo;j;Jj; ju;g;igAld; Nru;j;Jj; jhk;G+y jl;rizfSld; mu;r;rfuplk; rku;g;gpg;gu;. Vohk; ehs; mjpfhiyapy; ePuhb epj;jpa fu;khE\;lhdq;fis epiwNtw;wpg; ghuizg; g+i[ vd;W eilngWk; tpNr\ G+i[iaAk; fz;L topgl;lgpd; khN`];tu G+ir nra;J (mbahu;fSf;F md;dkpl;L) ghuiz nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ,t;tpjk; fLk; tpujk; mEl;bf;f Kbahjtu;fs; Kjy; Ie;J ehl;fSk; ,uT xU nghOJ ghy;gok; my;yJ gyfhuk; cz;L ,Wjp ehs; cgthrk; ,Uf;fyhk;. mJTk; Kbahjtu;fs; Kjy; Ie;J ehl;fSk; gfy; xU nghOJ md;dKk; Mwhk; ehs; ,uT ghy;> gok; my;yJ gyfhuKk; cz;L tpujkpUf;fyhk;. Mwhk; ehs; r\;bj; jpjpapy; #urq;fhuk; Kbe;j md;wpuT KOtJk; tpopj;jpUe;J KUfd; ngUikfisNa NgrpAk; topgl;bUf;FkhW gioa E}y;fs; tpjpf;fpd;wd. rptgpuhDf;Fupa rptuhj;jpupAk;> k`htp\;ZTf;Fupa itFz;l VfhjrpAk; Nghy KUfg;ngUkhDf;Fupa fe;jr\;bAk; kpftpN\ lkhd jpdkhjyhy; Japy;ePj;jy; (tpopj;jpUj;jy;) nghUj;jkhdNj. MapDk; midtuhYk; ,J iff; n fhs; s g; g Ltjpy; i y. ,ad;wtu;fs; iff;nfhs;f. tpujfhyj;jpd;NghJ KUfd; Myak; nrd;W tpuj G+u;j;jp rkaj;jpy; “tpujj;Jf;Fupa gyd;fs; vdf;Fr; rpj;jpf;f Ntz;Lk;

Guhzk;: %tpU Kfq;fs; Nghw;wpKfk;nghop fUizNghw;wp VtUe; Jjpf;f epd;w<uhWNjhs; Nghw;wp fhQ;rp khtb itFQ; nrt;Nts;kyub Nghw;wp md;dhd; NrtYk; kapYk; Nghw;wpjpUf; ifNty; Nghw;wp Nghw;wp

jpUg;Gfo;: VWkapy; Vwp tpisahLk; Kfk; xd;Nw <rUld; Qhdnkhop NgRk; Kfk; xd;Nw $Wk; mbahu;fs; tpid jPu;f;Fk; Kfk; xd;Nw Fd;W cUt Nty; thq;fp epd;w Kfk; xd;Nw khW gL#uiu tijj;j Kfk; xd;Nw ts;spia kzk; Gzu te;j Kfk; xd;Nw MWKfk; Md nghUs; eP! mUs Ntz;Lk; Mjp mUzhryk; mku;e;j ngUkhNs!

Rg;gpukz;a fhaj;up: "Xk; jj; GU\ha tpj; kN` k`h N]eha jPk`p. je;Neh \z;Kf: g;uNrhjahj;" "fhu;j;jpNfaha tpj;kN` rf;jp`];jha jPk`p jd;Ndh: ];fe;j: gpuNrhjhahj;" ïªJ xË

J®K» tUl« I¥gá

#urq;fhu jj;Jtk; ckh ghyRg;ukzpad; jkpo;ehL mUtKk; cUtk; Mfp mehjpaha;g; gytha; xd;wha; gpuk;kkha; epd;w N[hjpg; gpok;G mJ Xu; Nkdpahff; fUiz $u; Kfq;fs; MWk; fuq;fs; gd;dpuz;Lk; nfhz;Nl xU jpUKUfd;te;jhq;F cjpj;jdd; cyfk; ca;a jpU mtjhug; glyk; -fe;jGuhzk;

MWKfd; mtjhuk; #ugJkdhy; miyf;fopf;fg;gl;l Njtu;fs; Jau; jhshJ rptngUkhdplk; te;J Kiwapl;L> NkYk; jq;fSf;F Ntz;baij Ntz;b epd;wdu;.“Kd;idg; gok; nghUl;Fk; Kd;idg; gok;nghUNs>gpd;idg; GJikf;Fk; Ngu;j;Jk; mg;ngw;wpaNd“vd;W khzpf;fthrfu; tpspf;Fk; rptngUkhid Njtu;fs; ahtUk; te;J njhOJ epd;wdu;.mtu;fspd; gpuhu;j;jidf;Fr; nrtprha;j;j vk;ngUkhd;“cq;fSf;F ahJ Ntz;Lk;?" vd;W Nfl;lhu;.“Ngjk; ,y;yhky; KOikahf ,Uf;fpw ngUkhNd! cd;idg; Nghy xU Foe;ijia vq;fSf;F eP juNtz;Lk;" vd;W tpz;zg;gpj;Jf; nfhz;ldu;.mg;NghJ ,iwtd; jd; mQ;R Kfj;NjhL fPNo cs;s mNjh Kfj;ijAk; Njhw;wp MW Kfq;fspYk; cs;s new;wpf; fz;fspypUe;J neUg;Gg; nghwpfisj; Njhw;wr; nra;jhd;. te;jpf;Fk; kyNuhd; Mjp thdtu; ciuj;jy; Nfshg; Ge;jpf;Fs; >lw; nra;aw;f Gjy;tidj; jUJk; vd;dh me;jpf;F epfu; nka; mz;zy; mUs; Gupe;J mwpQuhNahu; rpe;jpf;Fk; jdJ njhy;iyj; jpUKfk; MWk; nfhz;lhd; MW Kfq;fspdpd;W Njhd;wpa nghwpapd; fdy; thdshtpg; gue;J ,e;jpud;>thA> mf;fpdp Nghd;wtu;fisAk; mr;rKwr; nra;jJ. vq;Nf ghu;j;jhYk; vOe;j me;jj; jPg;gpok;G ve;j capiuAk; nfhy;ytpy;iy. mJ ed;ikia cz;lhf;f vOe;j Rlu; Mapw;Nw! me;j MW nghwpfisAk; vk;ngUkhd; ghu;j;jhu;. thAitAk;> mf;fpdpiaAk; ghu;j;J> "ePq;fs; ,r;Rliuj; jhq;fp fq;ifapy; tpLq;fs;" vd;whu;. MjF fhiyapy; mkuu; jq;fSs; XjF nraypyh cyitj; NjitAk; %jF jPiaAk; Kfj;ij Nehf;Fwh NkjF fUizahy; tpkyd; $Wthd; -fe;j Guhzk; ïªJ xË

#ud; ngw;w tuk; thATk;> mf;fpdpAk;> fq;ifapy; MW nghwpfis tpl> fq;if mg;nghwpfisr; rutzg; ngha;ifapy; nfhz;LNgha;tpl;lTld; KUfg; ngUkhd; jpU mtjhuk; nra;jhd;. #ugJkd; vDk; mRudhy; Jau;Nktp ,lu;fis mEgtpj;j Njtu;fs;> Nkd;NkYk; ngUfpa Jd;gq;fisr; rfpahJ rptngUkhdplk; Nkw;gb tpz;zg;gpf;f> KUfd; cyfk; ca;a cjpj;jhd;. #ugJkd; jtj;jpy; rpwe;jtd;. rptngUkhid Ntz;bg; gy Kiwj; jtk; nra;J mtuplk; tuq;fs; ngw;wpUf;fpwhd;. mjpy; xd;W “ngz;fs; rk;ge;jk; ,y;yhj> mJTk; rptidg; Nghd;w xUtdhy;jhd; jdf;;F kuzk; Vw;glNtz;Lk;” vd;gJ. mJTky;yhky; Ke;ija Afj;jpy; #uDk;> gJkDk; KiwNa kapYk;> NrtYkhfp> KUfDf;F mUfhikapy; ,Uf;f KUfid Ntz;bj; jtk; nra;jdu;. mRudhf ,Ue;jhYk; mbatupd; ,r;iriag; G+u;j;jp nra;tJ jiytdpd; flikad;Nwh! mjdhy; #uidAk;> gJkidAk;> xNu eguhf> #ugJkdhf gpwf;fr; nra;J> KUfd; kwf; fUiz Gupe;J Ml;nfhs;sNt> mLj;j Afj;jpy; jpUtpisahly; Gupe;jhu;. gfthd; vd;w nrhy;Yf;F gfj;ij cilatd; vd;gJ nghUs;. gfk; vd;gJ Miwf; Fwpf;Fk;. mW Fzq;fs; epuk;gpatd; vd;gJ nghUs;. Qhdk;>IRtupak;> rf;jp> gyk;> tPupak;> Nj[]; vd;gd. ,e;j MW Fzq;fisAk; MW Kfq;fshff; nfhz;L te;jhd; KUfd;. jpUe;jg; Gtdq;fs; <d;w nghw;ghit jpUKiyg;ghy; mUe;jpr; rutzg; G+e;njhl;by; Vwp mWtu; nfhq;if tpUk;gpf; fly; mo Fd;W mo #u; mo tpk;kpaOk; FUe;ijf; FwpQ;rpf; fpotd; vd;W XJk; FtyaNk -fe;ju; myq;fhuk; fhu;j;jpif khju;fspd; tpz;zg;gj;ij Vw;W MW NtW Foe;ijfshfMfp mtu;fsplk; ghiy Efu;e;J mtu;fSf;F ,d;gj;ij ey;fp J®K» tUl« I¥gá

nghJthf gytif MAjq;fs; ,Ue;jhYk; mtw;Ws; rpwg;ghf ,Ug;git Nty;> ths;> tpy; vd;W nrhy;Ythu;fs;. nty;fpd;w jd;ikAilaJ Nty;- me;j Nty; Qhd rf;jpapd; tbitg; ngw;wJ. KUfDf;F MW Kfk; ,Ug;gJ Nghy NtYf;Fk; MW gl;ilfs; ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;why; ehk; mjd; rpwg;ig ntFthf czu;e;J nfhs;syhk;. KUfg; ngUkhd; rptngUkhdplk; tpil ngw;Wf; nfhz;L jd;Dila tPuu;fs; yl;rj;J xd;gJ Ngu;fSld; Gwg;gl;L> Nghu; Gupa mtdpf;F te;jhd;. jpUkhy; Vtptpl;l rf;uhAjj;ijg; gwpj;Jj; jd; khu;gpy; mzpe;J ,Wkhg;Gld; ,Ue;j jhufhRuid KUfg;ngUkhd; jd; mk;gpdhy; ,UiffisAk; ,of;fr; nra;jhu;. gpd; jd;Dila thspdhy; jhufd; vwpe;j gy;yhapuf; fzf;fhd mk;GfisAk; tPo;j;jpdhu;. gpd;G jhufidAk; fpnusQ;r kiyiaAk; jd;Dila Ntypdhy; xUNru tPo;j;jpdhu;. jhufd; nra;j khak; nghbg;nghbahfpaJ. mJkl;Lkd;wp kaq;fpf; fple;j tPuthFNjtu; Kjypatu;fisAk; Nty; kPl;Lf;nfhz;L te;jJ. Kd; Afj;jpy; #ud; fLikahd jtk; Gupe;J ,iwtd; rptngUkhdplk; gy tuq;fs; ngw;wpUe;jhd; rptngUkhDk; mtd; jtj;jpw;F kfpo;e;J> 108 mz;lq;fSf;Fk; mtid mjpgjpahf;fp> me;j mz;lq;fSf;Fg; Nghtjw;Fk; xU ,e;jpu[hyj; Njiu toq;fpdhu;. ,t;thW mz;lnky;yhk; Ml;rpGupe;j #ugJkd; Njtu;fisj; Jd;GWj;j> Njtu;fs; Ntz;LNfhSf;fpzq;f KUfDk; rptd; %ykhfj; Njhd;wp ,g;nghOJ #u rk;`huk; tiu nfhz;Lte;Jtpl;lijg; ghu;j;Njhk;. Nghupy; #ud; jdf;F vjpupy; epd;w KUfdpd; mofpy; kaq;fpdhYk; gpd; njspe;J KUfid vjpu;f;f Kide;jhd;. jhufhRuDk;> rpq;fKfDk; mope;jgpd; rw;Wr; Nrhu;tile;jpUe;jhYk;> #ud; tPughFitAk;> mtd; gilfisAk; typik ,of;fr; nra;jhd;. mJfz;L KUfd; Gd;dif G+j;jhd;. KUfg;ngUkhd; gy fizfisj; njhLj;J mRuu;fis tPo;j;jp> mz;lNfhsj;jpd; cr;rpapYs;s thapiy mile;jhd;. KUfidf; fz;l #uDk;> "vd;Dila ngupa gilfisnay;yhk; mopj;jha;. rpW gps;is vd cd;id ehd; epidj;jpUe;Njd;.mg;gb ,dpNky; epidahJ> eP GwKJfpl;L XbdhYk; cd;idAk;> cdf;Fg; gf;fgykhf epd;W NghupLk; Njtu;fisAk;> G+jfzq;fisAk; xU nehbapy; nghbg;nghbahf mopj;J tpLNtd;." vd;W mfq;fhuj;Jld; Mu;g;gupj;jhd;. NeUf;F Neuhfg; gyfhyk;; Nghupl;l #ud;> cly; nkype;jhd;. jpBnud;W kiwe;jhd;. fly; eLNtAk;> tpz;zpYk; nrd;whd;. #uDila gilfs; mope;jhYk; mtd;nra;j khaj;jhy; mope;jtu;fs; vOe;J epd;wdu;. KUfDk; gytifahf mtDld; Nghu;Gupe;J jd; guhf;fpukj;ijf; fhl;bdhd;. gy tbtq;fs; Gupe;j #uid NtW NtW MAjq;fshy; KUfd; mdhahrkhf mopj;J ntw;wp fz;lhd;. KUfDf;F> Ke;ija Afj;jpy; #uDf;Fk; gJkDf;Fk; nfhLj;j thf;F epidtpy; ,Ue;jJ. mjdhy; #uid Nehf;fpf; fUiz kyu;e;jJ. #uDf;Fj; jhd; mUs; nra;J

mtu;fs; tpUg;gg;gb fhu;j;jpif tpujj;jpw;F rpwg;G mspj;jhd; FwpQ;rpf; fpotdhd KUfd;. ifyhaj;jpy; rptngUkhdpd; new;wpf; fz;zpypUe;J Njhd;wpa N[hjpg; gpok;igf;fz;L mUfpy; tPw;wpUe;j ckhNjtp mQ;rp Xba rkaj;jpy;> et fd;dpiffs; Njhd;wp> rptngUkhdpd; ghu;itapdhy; mUs; ngw;W> mtu;fs; thapyhf tPughF Nghd;w xd;gJ rpwe;j tPuu;fs; Njhd;wpdu;. ,tu;fs; KUfd; #uDld; Nghu; Gupe;j jUzj;jpy; KUfDf;F kpfTk; cjtpdu;. rpdk; jzpe;j ghu;tjpak;ik MW Foe;ijfisAk; mizj;J xd;whf;fpa NghJ> KUfd; MWKfq;fSk;> gd;dpU iffSk; cilatdhd ‘fe;jd;‘ Mdhd;. guhrf;jpapd; mUNshL xd;whf ,ize;j gpwF KUfd; gy jpUtpisahly;fisr; nra;aj; njhlq;fpdhd;. KUfg; ngUkhd; fz;zidg; Nghy; Gy;yhq;Foy; thrpj;jhd; vd;gij ef;fPuu; jpUKUfhw;Wg;gilapy; Fwpf;fpwhu;. ,e;jpuid vjpu;j;J ntw;wp fz;lhd;> ehuju; nra;j ahfj;jpypUe;J vOe;j Ml;il mlf;fpj; jd; thfdkhff; nfhz;lhd;> gpukdJ mfe;ijia mlf;fp> je;ij rptngUkhDf;F cgNjrpj;J> FUgud; vdg; ngau; nfhz;lhd;. ,t;thW KUfd; jpUtpisahly;fs; nrhy;ypf; nfhz;Nl Nghfyhk;. mfj;jpaUf;F gpuztg; nghUis mUsp> jpUkhypd; Gjy;tpfSf;Fk; mtu;fs; kdj;jpy; epidj;jgb jhd; fztuhtJ cWjp vd;W mUsp Nkw;nfhz;L mjw;Fupa jf;f eltbf;iffs; vLj;J mtu;fis xt;nthU ,lj;jpy; gpwf;fr;nra;jhd;.

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ïªJ xË

J®K» tUl« I¥gá

ghu;f;fyhNk vd vz;zpdhd;. Mdhy; mt;thW mUs; nra;jhy; mtdhy; czu;e;J nfhs;s KbANkh? vd re;NjfKk; cld; cjpj;jJ. mNj Nghy #uDf;F KUfDila tbT njupe;jNjad;wp mtDila moF KOJk; njupatpy;iy. MfNt> mtd; jd;Dila moif ed;whfj; njupe;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;W KUfg; ngUkhd; ngupa tbtj;ij vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhd;. jd;Dila tpRt&gj;ijf; fhl;baNjhL> ifapy; G+jf; fz;zhbiaf; nfhLg;gJ Nghy> rpwpJ Qhdj;ijAk; nfhLj;jhd;. ,WjpAk; KjYk; ,y;yh ,g;ngU tbtk; jd;idf; fiwtplk; cwOk; #ud; fz;L tpk;kpjj;jpd; epw;g mwpatUk; czu;jy; Njw;wh MWkh Kfj;J ts;sy; rpwpJ ey; czu;r;rp ey;f > ,idad nrg;gy; cw;whd; -(#ugd;kd; tij ) #ugd;kd; KUfd; moifg; ghu;j;j khj;jpuj;jpNyNa

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jd; ifapypUe;j MAjq;fisnay;yhk; eOttpl;lhd;. jd; Qhdf; fz;fshy; KUfd; moif KOJk; juprpj;J mau;e;jhd;;. Mapuk; Nfhb fhku; monfyhk; jpuz;L xd;W Mfp Nkapd vdpDk; nrt;Nts; tpkykhk; ruzk; jdpy; J}aey; vopYf;F Mw;whJ vd;wpbd; ,ida njhy;Nyhd; khapU tbtpw; nfy;yhk; ctikahu; tFf;f ty;yhu;? rpwpJ Neuk; me;epiyapNyNa #uid tpl;l KUfdhy; #udpd; mfq;fhuk; mope;jJ> Mdhy; khdk; vd;w xd;W #uidj; jLj;jJ. KUfDk; #ugJkdpd; mfq;fhuj;ij mlf;f mtid Ml;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;Wjhd; epidj;jhd;. clNd #ugJkdplk; gioagb NfhgKk;> gif czu;r;rpAk; te;J Nru;e;jd. KUfg; ngUkhDld; Nghu; nra;ag; Gwg;gl;lhd;. clNd #ud; ,Us; tbtk; nfhz;lhd;. mJfz;L Njtu;fs; ahtUk; Xyk; ,l;ldu;. KUfd; jd; xg;gw;w NtyhAjj;ij #ugJkd; kPJ Vtpdhu;. Ngnuhsp nfhz;l Qhd NtyhAjk; nrYj;jpaJjhd; jhkjk;> mTzd; nfhz;l ,Us; tbtk; Kw;Wk; kiwe;J Xbtpl;lJ. mg;NghJ #ud; flYf;F eLNt nrd;W khku tbthf ïªJ xË

jPait Gupe;jhNuDk; FkuNts; jpUKd; cw;why; J}atu; Mfp Nkiyj; njhy;fjp miltu; vd;if MaTk; Ntz;Lk; nfhy;Nyh? mLrku; ,e;ehl; nra;j khiaapd; kfDk; md;Nwh tuk;gpyhmUs; ngw;Wa;e;jhd;? Fkhu ehafDf;F Kd;dhNy mtd; re;epjpapy; te;J Nru;e;jhy;> nghy;yhjtu;fshf ,Ue;jhYk; ey;ytu;fshf MfptpLthu;fs;. ehk; ey;ytu;fshf> jPikaw;wtu;fshf ,Ue;jhy;jhd; mtd; jpUtbia mila KbAk; vd;gJ ,y;iy. ehk; jPatu;fshf> nghy;yhjtu;fshf 19

J®K» tUl« I¥gá

,Ue;jhYk;>kde;jpUe;jp mtd; jpUtbia mile;Jtpl;lhy; NghJk;. mtd; Kjypy; ek;Kila mOf;ifg; Nghf;fpg; gpd;G> ek; jFjpf;F Vw;gj; jd; mUSf;F Mshf;fpf; nfhs;thd; vd;gJ epr;rak;. ,jw;Fr; #ugJkNd rhd;W. fhNtupf;Fg; Nghfpwtd; Kjypy; jd; ifia me;j ePupy;

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jpUKUfhw;Wg;gil nrhy;Yk; KUfdJ Ntypd; rpwg;G

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vkJ rkag;gz;ghl;L kugpNy xU tUlj;jpy; tUfpd;w gd;dpuz;L khjq;fSk; tpNrlkhf fhzg;gLfpd;w it MfpYk; tlnkhopapy; M\;tPa khjk; vdTk; N[hjpr hPjpapy; Jyh khrk; vdTk; rpwg;gpf;fg;gLk; Ig;grp khjk;, Ig;grp jpq;fs; vd jkpo; khjf; fzf;fpy; Ig;grp khjk; rpwg;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,k;Kiw Jh;Kfp tUlj;jpw;Fhpa Ig;grp khjk; Kjyhk; ehs; njhlf;fk; Kg;gjhk; ehs; tiu Kg;gJ ehl;fisf; nfhz;l (October 17th to 15th November 2016)fhyk; MFk;. ,f;fhyg; gFjpapy; tUfpd;w rka r%f ed;epfo;r;rpfs; kzq;nfhs;sg; ghyd. Ig;grp jkpo; khjg;gpwg;G Jyh ];ehdk; vd rpwg;gpf;fg;gLtNjhL gpjph;fSf;F jh;g;gzk; nra;ag;gLk; Gdpj ehs; MfTk; rq;fpuhe;jp tp\_ Gz;zpa fhyk; MfTk; rpwg;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. rpj;jpiu tUlg;gpwg;G Nk\ khj tp\_ Gz;zpafhyj; vd rpwg;gpff; g;gLtij Nghy Ig;grp Jyh khj tp\_ Gz;zpafhykhf rpwg;gpf;fg;gLfpwJ. Ig;grp nts;sp topghLfs; Ig; g rp khjj; j py; tUk; ehd; F nts; s pf; f poikAk; (Ie;jhtJ nts;spf;fpoikAk; tuf; $Lk;) rptDf;Fhpa rpwg;G tpuj ehshfTk; rf;jpf;Fhpa rpwg;G tpuj ehshfTk; mikfpd; w J. gpujp nts; s pf; f poikfspy; Myaq; f spy; mgpN\fk;, myq;fhuk;, cw;rtk;, g[id Nghd;w epfo;Tfs; njhd;Wnjhl;L eilngWfpd;wd. rpthyaq;fspy; Ig;grp khj filrp nts;spf;fpoik khh;f;fz;Nla tuyhw;iwAk; vkjh;kdpd; tuyhw;iwAk; vLj;Jf;fhl;b Guhzq;fspd; rkag; gz; g hl; L epfo; T fis Gyg; g Lj; J k; akrq; f hu epfo;T rpthyaq;fspy; rpwg;ghf eilngw;W tUfpd;wJ. rf;jp Myaq;fspy; mgpN\fk;, mk;ghs; tPjpAyh vd;gd eilngWfpd; w J. Fwpg; g hf Ig; g rp khj ngsh; z kp tpuj epfo; T Kf; f pakhdjhFk; . md; i wajpdk; rpjk; g uk; eluh[g;ngUkhdpd; rptfhkp mk;gpiff;F rptfq;ifapy; jPh;j;jthhp epfo;Tk; eilngWk; ed;ehshFk;. tUle; N jhWk; ,Ugj; n jhU ehl; f s; tpujk; ,Ue; J tpujg; g+h;j;jpia nra;Ak; ehshfTk; Rkq;fyp rpwg;gpw;fhf mDl; b f; f g; ; g Lk; Nfjhunfshp tpuj g+h; j ; j p ed; e hSk; Ig; g rp khjj; j pNyNa mikfpd; w J. ,e; j ed; e hNs Nfjhunfshp tpujk; vd rptDf;Fk; rf;jpf;Fk; chpa tpujkhf filg;gpbf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. jPghtspg;gz;bif jP g htspg; g z; b ifAk; Ig; g rp khjj; j pNyNa tUfpd;wJ. jPghtsp vd;why; jPgq;fspd; thpir vd;gNj fUj; j hFk; . ,f; f hyq; f spy; Myaq; f spy; njhlh; e ; J %d; W ehl; f s; jP g q; f is itf; f Ntz; L k; . jP g htspg; gz;bifapDila rpwg;G fpU\;zgfthd; eufh#uid tjk; nra;j epfo;it vLj;Jf;fhl;LtjhFk;. NjtNyhfj;jpy; eufh#ud; gy Jd;gq;fis nra;jhd; vdTk; gyKiw ïªJ xË

mwpTiu toq; f g; g l; L k; nghUl; g Lj; j hj fhuzj; j hy; filrpNeuj;jpy; = fpU\;zgfthdhy; tjk; nra;ag;gl;l ehNs jP g htsp MFk; . mtDf; F md; i wa jpdNk QhNdhjak; Vw; g l; l jhf mwpaKbfpwJ. mf; f Uj; j pd; g b “ehd; ,e; j f; f hyj; j py; Nyhfj; j pw; F gy Jd; g q; f isAk; f\;lq;fisAk; cz;lhf;fpNdd;. ePq;fs; vd;id rk;fhuk; nra; j jpdkhdJ Nyhfj; j pw; F N\kj; i jAk; re; N jh\ j;ijAk; nfhLf;Fk; jpdkhf ,Uf;Fk;gb mDf;fpufk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ,Us; ,Uf;ff; $lhJ. vq;Fk; ntspr;rkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;” vdg; gpuhh;j;jpj;jhd;. fpU\;zgfthDk; mtd; gpuhh;j;jidia Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhh;. mtDila gpuhh;j;jidapdhy; ,e;jj; jPghtspahdJ xU Gz; z pafhykhf Vw; g l; l J. rhjhuz jpdq; f spy; #hpad; ,y;yhj rkaj;jpy; vz;nza; Nja;j;Jf; nfhs;s $lhJ. fhiyapy; vl;liu kzpf;F Kd;Gk; rhaq;fhyk; gpuNjh\ fhyj;jpw;F gpd;Gk; vz;nza; Nja;j;Jf; nfhs;sf; $lhJ. Mdhy; jPghtspapy; c\hf;fhyj;jpy; vz;nza; Nja;j;Jf; nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. vz;nza; ];ehdk; Md gpd;G Gz;zpa jPh;j;j];ehdk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ,y;yhtpl;lhy; Gz;zpa jPh;j;jj;ij epidj;Jf; nfhz;lhtJ ];ehdk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.,e;jj; jPghtspf;F ehfrJh;j;jrp vd;W ngah;. ,jw;F Kjy; ehs; kfhgyp jPgk;. kWehs; FNgu g+i[. ehk; jPghtspia khj;jpuk; nfhz;lhLfpNwhk;. tlNjrj;jpy; ,e;j %d;W ehisAk; nfhz;lhLfpwhh;fs;. Mifahy; jPghtspad;W vz;nza; Nja;j;Jf;nfhz;L nte; e P h py; ]; e hdk; nra; a Ntz; L k; . gpd; G fq; i fia ];khpj;Jf;nfhz;L Gz;zpa jPh;j;jj;jpy; ];ehdk; nra;a Ntz; L k; . gukhj; k hit epidj; J mtiuj; jpahdk; nra;aNtz;Lk;. tl,e; j pahit nghWj; j tiu jP g htspjpdKk; jP g htspj; j pd fq; f h ]; e hdKk; Kf; f pakhdJ MFk; . ,f; f hyg; g Fjpapy; njd; d fj; j py; ,Ue; J tl,e; j pahit Nehf;fp kf;fs; jpushf Nrh;e;J fq;ifapy; ePuhb Jyh];ehdk; nra;J gpjph;fSf;F topghL nra;thh;fs;. Fwpg;ghf fhrpapy; %d;W ehl;fs; fq;fh cw;rtk; vd jPghtspg; gz;bifia nfhz;lhLthh;fs;. md;iwa jpdk; fq;ifapy; vy;NyhUk; jPgk; Vw;wp fq;iff;fiu KOtJk; jPgxspapdhy; gpufhrkhf n[hypf;Fk;. fhrp tp\; t ehjh; Myaj; j py; jP g htspj; j pdj; j py; rptMuhjidAk; fq; f h MuhjidAk; eilngw; W jq;fkakhd md;dg+h;zh ahj;jphpfspd; topghl;bw;fhf ntspapy; te;J ,Ue;J mUl;fhl;rp nfhLf;fpd;w jpUehl;fSk; Nkw;Fwpgg; pll; %d;W ehl;fSk; MFk;. (Kjy;ehs; jPghtspehs; kWehs;) vdNt jPghtsp gz;bif kpf cah;jj; pahd jpUehs; MFk;. vkJ tho;tpy; vy;yh nry;tq;fSk; fpilf;fTk; %jhijah; f spd; Mrpia ngwTk; tho; T xspkakhf ,Uf;fTk; jPghtspj;jpdk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. 21

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fe;jr\;b tpujehl;fs; fypAf flTshd KUfg;ngUkhid cghrid nra;J tpujk; Nkw;nfhz;L KUfid mDjpdk; epidj;jpUf;fpdw ; fhyKk; Ig;grpahFk;. tUlk; NjhWk; Ig;grp khj mkhthirapy; gpd;tUk; gpujikapy; ,Ue;J r\;b tiuAk; fe;j r\;bf;Fhpa tpujehshFk;. ,f;fhyj;jpy; KUfd; Myaq;fspy; fe;j\\;b g+ir tpujg+i[ Ntw;g+i[ #u]k;fhuk; GuhzglyKiw fe; j Guhz Kw; N whjy; Nghd; w epfo; T fSk; Ig; g rpkhj fe;j\\;b fhyj;jpNyNa epfo;fpd;wd. aho; g ; g hz rkaf; f yhrhuk; fe; j Guhz fyhrhuk; vd vkJ Kd;Ndhuhy; rpwg;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. fe;jr\;bapy; tpujk; ,Ue;J cgthrk; Nkw;nfhz;L ,ilawhj mwj;jpg; ngUtho;it ngWfpd;w fhyKk; Ig;grp khjk; MFk;. jkpofj; j py; MWgil Nfhapy; f spy; KUf topghL jpUr; n re; J hh; #u]k; f huk; > jpUg; g odp jpUf; f y; a hzk; jpUj;jzpf; fhh;j;jpif vd ,k;khjk; rpwg;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Ig; g rp khjj; j py; tUk; guzp el; r j; j puk; igutg; ngUkhDf; F kfhguzp jpdk; vd; W rpwg; g pf; f g; g l; L fhty; nja; t khd igutUf; F rpwg; G Muhjidfs; eilngWfpd;wd. ,f;fhyj;jpy; igutUf;F tilkhiy rhj; j p nghq; f y; ,l; L nrt; t uj; j k; g+tpdhy; igutiu mh;rr; pff; Ntz;Lk; vd rh];jpuq;fs; Fwpgg; pLfpdw ; d. igutg; ngUkhdhfTk; #y tbtkhfTk; topgLk; iguth; Ig;grp guzp ed;dhspy; mjpfkhd mUisj; jUfpd;whh; vd;gJ ek;gpf;if MFk;.

NkYk; Ig; g rp khj filrp nts; s pf; f poikfspy; jP l ; i r nfhLf; F k; rk; g pujhaq; f Sk; cz; L . Fwpg; g hf irtrkak; typAWj; J k; jP l ; i rg; ngWjy; epfo; t hdJ Myaq;fspYk; ghlrhiyapYk; nghJ rka ,lq;fspYk; ngWth;. Ig;grp filrp nts;spf;fpoikia Gdpj ed;ehshf fUjp jPli ; r toq;Fthh;fs;. vkJ irtrka ghuk;ghpaq;fspy; rpwg;gpf;fg;gLk; mWgj;J %d;W ehad;khh;fspy; jpU%yh; ehadhhpd; FUg+ir jpdk; Ig;grp khj Rthjp MFk;. ,Nj Nghd; W Ig; g rp khj guzp- epd; w rP h ; n eLkhw ehadhh;, Fyr;rpiwehadhh;. fhh;j;jpif-,lq;fop ehadhh;. g+rk; - rj; j pehadhh; . Rthjp- nka; f z; l rpthr; r hhpahh; Rthkpfs;> mD\k;-g+ryhh; ehadhh;> %yk; - Iabfs; fhlth;Nfhd; ehadhh; MfpNahuJ FUG+irj; jpdq;fshFk;. mWgj; J %d; W ehad; k hh; f spy; Ig; g rp khj tprhf el;rj;jpuk; jpUePyfz;l aho;gg; hz ehadhhpd; jpUel;rj;jpuk; MFk;. Ig;grp %yk; ,irQhdpahpd; jpUel;rj;jpuk; MFk;. vdNt xt; n thU tUlq; f Sk; tUk; Ig; g rp khjk; rpwg;ghf nja;tq;fSf;Fk; Njth;fSf;Fk; %jhijah;fspwF ; k; chpa topghl; b w; F hpa cah; e ; j khjkhf miktNjhL kdpjh; f sJ Md; k <Nlw; w j; j pw; f hd tpujq; f isAk; gz;biffisAk; nfhz;lhLk; Gdpjkhd khjkhf Ig;grp khjkhfTk; mikfpwJ.

jpUg;Gfopy; irtrpj;jhe;jf; fUj;Jf;fs;

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Mz;ltdpd; jpUf;fhl;rpiag; ngw top nra;j mUshsh; mUzfphpehjh;. (jpUKUf fpUghde;jthhpahh;-2004) ,th; mUspa jpUg;Gfo; NjdpDk; ,dpaJ vd;why; kpifahfhJ. (thdjp ntspaPL gh.fkyf;fz;zd;-1997-gf;.8) ,th; ,d;Dk; gy E}y;fis mUspAs;shh;. mitfspy; rptngUkhdpd; fUizj;jpwk; Nghw;wg;gl;Ls;sJ. mth; rka Ngjk; fhl;lhjth;. (Nrh.e.fe;jrhkp-2003-gf;.29) ,iwtd; ,Ugj;J ehd;F Md;k jj;Jtq;fs;> VO tpj;jpah jj;Jtq;fs;> Ie;J rpt jj;Jtq;fs; vdg;gLk; Kg;gj;jhW jj;Jtq;fisAk; fle;jtd; vd;gij mwpe;jth;. (rpt jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk;-2004-gf;.222> 223) ,iwtd; xUtNd vd czh;e;jth;. gl;bdj;jhUk; ,ijj;jhd; “xd;nwd;wpU nja;tk; cz;nld;wpU” (kJiu nghJ ghly;.20) vd;W ghLfpwhh;. mUzfphpehjh; rptngUkhidAk; KUfg; ngUkhidAk; xU guk;nghUspd; ,UNtW Njhw;wq;fshff; fz;Ls;shh;.,thpd; rpj;jhe;jk; rptNd Kfd; vd;gjhk;. (Njtg+gjp eluh[h-2008-gf;-157) mUzfphpehjhpd; goKjph;r;Nrhiyj; jpUg;Gfopy; “manddthfp mhpnadthfp> 22

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“nfhba ,Utpid %yKk; tQ;rfh;fypfs; gpzpapit NtnuhL rpe;jpf;Fiya ekrpthNah nkd nfhQ;rpf; fsp$h;” vd;W jpUite;njOj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;ij czh;j;jpaJ irtrpj;jhe;j fUj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. godpj; jpUg;Gfo;(739) “Qhdf; nfhs; nghwpfs;” vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghlypy; “ekrptha tiuNawp eh ,d;gurkjhd mde;j mUtp gha” vd;Wk;> jpUtk;gyj; jpUg;Gfo;(nra;.972) “gUtk; gizj;jpuz;L” vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghlypy; “rptkQ;nrOj;ij Ke;j tpLNthNd” vd;Wk; gQ;rhf;fuj;jpd; ehafd; rptngUkhdpd; rpj;jhe;j jj;Jtj;ij xt;nthU ghlypYk; fhl;b epw;fpd;wJ. NkYk;> jpUVufj; jpUg;Gfo; (nra;.488) “fhkpaj;jOj;jp” vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghlypy; “X nkOj;jpy; md;Gkpf Cwp Xtpaj;jpy; me;jk; mUs;thNa” vd;Wk;> Nkw;$wg;gl;l nra;As;fspYk; gpuztj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; $wg;gLfpd;wJ. nghJj; jpUg;Gfo; (nra;.745) “jirAKjpuK” vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghlypy; “rtiy mwptpdh; newpapidtpl ,dp mbNaDf;F ,ira ,J nghUnsd mwpTw xU trdKw ,Utpid mw kyk; mw ,uT gfyw vdjw epdjw mEg+jp ,dpik jUk; xU jdpikia kiwfspd; ,Wjp mWjpapl mhpa ngWjpia ,Uik xUikapy; ngUikia ntspgl nkhopthNa” vd;wJ irtrpj;jhe;jj;jpd; Rj;jhj;itj cz;ikia vLj;Jf; $WfpwJ. Gypa+h; jpUg;Gfo; (nra;.699) “RUjp kiwfspUehY” vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghlypy; “mbNaDk; mwpTs; mwpAk; mwpt+w mUs;thNa” vd;wJ gjpQhdk; iftuf; $Lk; epiyiaf; fhl;LfpwJ. mj;Jld; rptQhdk; xd;whNy nka;Azh;T Vw;gLk; vd;gij typAWj;JfpwJ. irt rpj;jhe;jk; rptj;NjhL njhlh;GilaJ. rptrk;ge;jkhd mwptpd; Kbe;j KbT vd;W nghUs; nfhs;Sk;. gjp> gR> ghrk; vDk; Kg;nghUs; nfhs;ifiaf; $WfpwJ. KUftopghl;L KiwfSk; rpt topghL Nghd;Nw mike;Js;sJ. ,jw;F rhd;whf rk;ge;jh; rptid “khKUfd; tpUg;GW je;ijahh;” vdTk; “ts;sp Kiy Njha; Fkud; jhij” vdTk; “ngw;Wk; cfe;jJ fe;jidNa”vd;Wk; (%d;whk; jpUKiw) mJNghy; ehTf;furUk; “ek; nre;jpy;Nka ts;sp kzhsid jhij fz;lha;” vd;Wk; “ek; flk;gid ngw;wts; gq;fpds;” vd;Wk; “KUfNtl;F jhij fhz;” vd;Wk; “Nfhopf; nfhbNahd; jhij NghYk;” vd;Wk; “MWnfhyhk; mth;jk; kfdhh; Kfk;” vd;Wk; (ehd;fhk; jpUKiw) Njthuq;fspYk; rptngUkhdpd; rptjj;Jtj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jfpwhh;fs;. Kbthf mUzfphpehjh; jdJ jpUg;Gfopy; “mUzjs ghj gj;k mDjpdKNk Jjpf;f mhpa jkpo; jhdspj;j kapy; tPuh” vd;W irtrpj;jhe;jj;jpd; rh&g Kj;jpia jUkhW KUfid Ntz;Lfpwhh;. “tpj;jfhelh Qhd rj;jpdpghjh ntw;wpNtyhAjg; ngUkhNs.” vd;W irtrpj;jhe;jj;jpd; rj;epghj Kj;jpapid Ntz;Lfpwhh;. “cUtha; mUtha; csjha;” vDk; fe;jh; mEg+jpapd; ,Wjpg; ghlypy; “FUtha; tUtha; mUs;tha; FfNd” vdf;$wp irtrpj;jhe;j ,iwtNd eP tUf vd miof;fpd;whh; mUzfphpehjh;.

munddthfp mth;Nkyha;” vd;gJ ,j; jj;Jtj;ij tpsf;FfpwJ. fr;rpag;gh; vOjpa fe;jGuhzKk; “mUtKk; cUtkhfp” vd;w ghly; %yk; gpwg;gpNy KUfd; rpj;jhe;jkhf rptDld; gpd;dpg; gpize;Jtpl;ljhf fhl;LfpwJ. taYhh; jpUg;Gfopy; (nra;.56>y;) “mhpkUNfhNd eNkh> mWjpapyhNd eNkh” vdj; njhlq;fp “VJk; rpyJ mwpah Vio ehd; cd; gjp>gR>ghr cgNjrk; ngwNtZk;” vd;W irtrpj;jhe;j Kg;nghUs; cz;ikia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l cz;ikiaf; fhl;bg; ghLfpwhh;. nghJj; jpUg;Gfo; (nra;.192>y;) “,U Fio kPJ” vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghlypy;, “jkpNaDk; fjpngw <lwhjd gjp> gR> ghrkhdit frlw NtW NtW nra;jUs;thNa” vd;gJ Kg;nghUs; cz;ikia czh;e;jhNy fjp ngw KbAnkd czh;j;JfpwJ. nre;jpy; jpUg;Gfo; (nra;.10.,y;) mq;ifnkd; Foyha;thh; vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghlypy;> “kq;Fy ,d;GWthdha;... fhyha;…… jPaha;…… ePuha;……..ghuha;……..ePaha; ehdha;…….. kyNuhdha; rq;fuh; jhkha;…….xd;wpDk; filNjhah…… ngUkhNs” vd;W ghba jpUg;Gfo; ,iwtd; xd;whAk; NtwhAk; eph; tpfhhpahdtd; vd;gij czh;j;jp rpj;jhe;jg; nghUs; fhl;Lfpwhh;. nre;jpy; jpUg;Gfopy; (nra;.241,y;) “cjjpawy; nkhz;L” vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghlypy; “ehd;KfDk; ehuzDk;……. epd;W jhKk; Kjy;t”vd;W ,iwtdpd; KOKjy; jd;ikia vLj;jpak;gp> urj fphp ifiyj;jpUg;Gfo; (nra;.1013.,y;) “g+kpajdpw; gpuGthd” vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghlypy; “ekrpthag; nghUshNd” vd gQ;rhl;ru kfpik $wg;gLfpwJ. nghJj; jpUg;Gfopy; (nra;.85)> “mtFz tpufid”vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghlypy; “kiy kfs; cikjU tho;Nt kNdhfu kd;Ws; MLk; rpt rpt `u `u Njth……. jphpGuk; vhpnra;j NfhNt” vd;W rptngUkhNd guk;nghUs; vd;W czh;j;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. nre;jpy; jpUg;Gfo;(1216) “%Sk; tpid Nru” vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghly; “fhs tpl Kdp……. Ngij neL ePyp ghjq;fshy; te;j fhyd; tpo NkhJ rhKz;b……” vd;W rpt rf;jp rptdpd; Ntnwd;W vd jhjhd;kpa epiyia czh;j;JfpwJ. tpuhypkiyj; jpUg;Gfo; (nra;.310) “Ie;J g+jKk;” vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghlypy; mrigAk; tpe;J ehjKk; Vftbtkjd; nrh&gkjhf ciwtJ rptNahfk;. jq;fs; Mzt khia fUk kyq;fs; Ngha; cgNjr fUgu rkg;ujhaNkhL VA newpaJ ngWNtNdh” vd;wJ Kk;kyq;fisg; Nghf;fty;y gpuzt newpiaf; $wpaJ. Rthkpkiyj; jpUg;Gfo; (nra;.89) “mthkUtp” vdj;njhlq;Fk; ghlypy; “rpthaek ehknkhUfhY epidahj jpkpuhfuid thntd;wUs;thNa. jpNuhj kyk; khWk; mbahh;fs; mUkhjth; jpahdKWghje; jUthNa.” vd;wJ jpNuhjhdk; khWjiyAk; mbahh;fs; jpahdpf;Fk; jpUtbiaAk;> jpUite;njOj;jpd; ngUikiaAk; czh;j;JfpwJ. jpUkiy(= iry) j; jpUg;Gfo; (nra;.315) “xUgJkpUgJ kWgJ KldWk; czh;tw” vd;wJk; jj;Jtjhj;tPfq;fs; ePf;fg;ngw;W nka;Azh;T ngWtijf; $wpajhFk;. fjph;fhkj; jpUg;Gfo; (nra;.650) “rhpiaahsh;f;Fk;” vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghlypy; “rhpiaahsh;f;Fk; mf;fphpiaahsh;f;Fk; ew;rfyNahfh;f;Fk; vl;lhpjha> rkaNgjj;jpDf;F mZnfhzh nka;g; nghUl; jUguhrj;jpAk; rptkhfpj; JhpaNky; mw;Gj gukQhdj;jpdpw; Rlh; tpahgpj;j ew;gjp ePL Jfspy; rhAr;rpa fjpia <W mw;w nrhw;Rf nrh&gj;ij cw;W milNtNdh” vd;wJ rhpia> fphpia> Nahf> Qhd newpiaAk;> Rj;jJhhpahjPjj;jpy; Kj;jpg;NgwiltijAk; $wpaJ. fdfrigj; jpUg;Gfo; (nra;. 510) “FfNd FUguNd” vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghlypy; ïªJ xË

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ehty® g¡f«

irtj;jpd; fhtyh; ehtyh; jpUkjp mUs;eq;if rz;Kfehjd; “Nkd;iknfhs; irtePjp tpsq;Ff cyfnky;yhk;” vd tsk; ngw;W tpsq;Fk; ePjp newpahk; irtj;jpw;F <oj;jpNy fpwP];jtk; Vw;gLj;jpa jhf;fk; irtj;ij epiy Fiyf;ff;$ba #o;epiyia cUthf;fpa me;epiyapy; irtj;ijg; ghJfhj;J tsh;f;Fk; gzpapid Nkw;nfhz;l rhd;NwhNd ey;iyefh; je;j ehtyh; vd;gjdhy; irtj;jpd; “fhtyh; ehtyh;” vd;W =y= MWKfehtyuth;fs; rpwg;Gg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;whh;. “19Mk; E}w;whz;bd; tpbnts;sp rkaj;ijAk; jkpioAk; fhf;f vOe;j nrk;ky; rka kWkyh;r;rpapd; je;ij” vd;W gythwhf rpwg;gpf;fg;gLk; ehtyiu irtk; fhj;J tsh;j;j rkaFuth; ehy;tNuhL Ie;jhk; rkaFutuhf nfhs;sg;gl;lik ehtyhpd; irtg; gzpf;Ff; fpilj;j nfsutNkahFk;.

ehtyh; “vd;fld; gzpnra;J fplg;gNj” vd;w mg;ghpd; topapy; jd; cly; nghUs; Mtp %d;iwANk rkaj;jpw;F mh;g;gzpg;Gr; nra;jpUe;jhh;. jdJ nrhj;J KOikiaAk; jkpo;f; fy;tp tsh;r;rpf;Fk; irtrka tsh;r;rpf;Fk; vOjp itj;jik mtuJ jpahf mh;g;gzpg;ngd;Nw nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;. jd;id KOikahf rkag;gzpf;F mh;g;gzpj;j ehtyuJ mwpitAk; mQ;rhikiaAk; mtuJnraw;ghLfspy; fhz;fpd;Nwhk;. fpwp];jtj;ij ehtyh; vjph;nfhz;lhh; vd;why; mJ rhjhuzkhd tplaky;y. gyKs;s xU muir vjph;j;J epd;whh;. vg;gb gy;yt kd;dd; kNfe;jputh;kid rkz tPo;r;rpf;fhf mg;gh; vjph;j;J epd;whNuh> ghz;ba kd;dd; neLkhwid rk;ge;jh; vjph;j;J epd;whNuh mq;qdNk fpwp];jt mur MjuNthL kjk; gug;Gk; gphptpdh;fspd; gykhd vjph;g;ig vjph;nfhz;lth; ehtyh;.

<oj;Jr; rKjhaj;jpy; fy;tp mUikahfg; Ngzg;gl;l fhyj;jpy; khzth;fis ,ytrf; fy;tp toq;fp Mq;fpyj;ijAk; mf;fy;tpNahbizj;J jk; ghlrhiy khzth;fis cs;thq;fpa je;jpukhd kjkhw;wj;ij ehtyh; fz;lwpe;jhh;. ,jdhNy irtg; gps;isfs; eyd;fUjp ghlrhiyfis epWTk; gzpapy; ehtyh; <LghL fhl;bdhh;. ehtyhpd; fy;tpr; rpe;jid cahpa Fwpf;NfhSilaJ. “fy;tpapy;yhtpbd; nry;tk; fPh;j;jp rhPuRfk; Md;kPfk; Kjypatw;iw xUtUNk milakhl;lhh;fs;.” vd;w ehtyhpd; thrfk; ,jw;Fr; rhd;whfpd;wJ. irt khzth;fs; eyd;fUjp tz;zhh;gz;izapy; irtg;gpufhr tpj;jpahrhiyia 1898,y; ehtyh; epWtpdhh;.1872,y; Nfhg;gha>; GNyhyp Kjyhd ,lq;fspYk; irtg; ghlrhiyfis epWtpapUe;jhh;. ,t;thz;bNy Mq;fpyg; ghlrhiyiaAk; ehtyh; epWtpdhh; vd mwpa KbfpwJ. nfhOk;Gj;Jiw> fe;jh;klk;> khjfy;> ,Ztpy; Kjyhd ,lq;fspYk; ,t; VTjypdhy; irt tpj;jpahrhiyfs; cUthf;fk; ngw;wd. ghlrhiyfs; midj;jpYk; “irt” vd;w mil jq;fpapUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjpNy mf;fiw nfhz;bUe;jhh;. ,jdhy; “irtg; ghlrhiyfspd; jhgfj; je;ij ehtyh;” vd;W Nghw;wg;gLfpd;whh;. khzth;fsplk; ve;jtpjkhd NtjdKk; ngwhJ fy;tp fw;gpj;Jf; nfhLg;gjw;Fj; jFjpahd Mrphpah;fis epakpj;jhh;. ,t;tifahf ,tuJ ghlrhiyapy; epakdk; ngw;w MrphpaNu ehtyh; fhyj;jpYk; ehtyUf;F gpd;Dk; irtj;ijAk; mJrhh;e;j jj;Jjtkhk; irtrpj;jhe;jj;ijAk; tsh;j;j fhrpthrp nre;jp ehjIauhth;. ,q;qdk; jFjpahd Mrphpah;fspd; %yk; rkaf;fy;tp> jkpowpT> Mq;fpyg; Nghjid> r%f mwptpay; Kjyhdtw;iw vk; r%fj;jpw;F toq;fpa ehtyhpd; ,e;j fy;tpg; gzpahy; khzt r%fj;jpd; kjkhw;wj;jpy; rpwpa jhf;fj;jpidNa fpwp];jtk; ngw;wJ vd;W $wKbfpd;wJ.

ïªJ xË

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khzth;fSf;Ff; fy;tpiag; ghlrhiy %ykhf toq;Fk; gzpNahL ,tuhw;wpa kw;nwhU ngUk;gzp ,yf;fpag;gzp vdyhk;. rkaj;ijAk; jkpioAk; tpopg;Gzh;NthL ehtyh; itj;jpUe;jikf;F mtuJ Mf;fq;fs; ngUkstpw;F cjtp Ghpe;jpUe;jjhfNt mwpfpd;Nwhk;. ehtyhplk; mr;rpae;jpukpd;ik ngUk; Fiwghlhf ,Ue;j NtisapNy fpwP];jth;fs; jk;kjg;gpurhuq;fis Jz;Lg; gpuRuq;fs; %yKk;> ifNaLfs; %yKk;> fz;ld E} y;fs; %yKk; gj;jphpiffspYk; ntspg;gLj;jpdh;.,e;epiyapy; ehtyh; ,e;jpaehL nrd;W mr;rpae;jpuj;ijg; ngw;W te;J 1849,y; tpj;jpaEghyd ae;jpuk; vd;w ngahpy; epWtpa mr;rfk; mth; gy E}y;fisAk; gj;jphpiffisAk; ntspg;gLj;j cjtpaJ. irtj;jpNy Kjw; gj;jphpif je;j ngUikia ehtyh; ngw;Ws;shh;. “irt cjaghD” vd;w ngahpy; ntspte;j me;j gj;jphpif irtf; fUj;Jf;fis ntspg;gLj;j cjtpaJ. fpwp];jth;fs; irtj;ij Jhrpj;J vOjpa fUj;Jf;fSf;F vjpuhf “irtJ\zg; ghpfhuk;”> “Rg;gpuNghjk;” “tr;rpu jz;lk;” Mfpa fz;ld E}y;fs; ntspaPL nra;jhh;. “aho;g;ghzr; rkaepiy” vd;w jiyg;gpyhd ehtyhpd; Mf;fkhdJ INuhg;gpah; fhy aho;g;ghzr; r%frka tuyhw;iw mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;Fhpa xU Mtz E}yhf nfhs;sf;$ba rpwg;GilajhFk;. ghlE}y;fs; vd;w epiyapy; ,th; je;j 1Mk;> 2Mk;> 4Mk; ghyghlk; ,yf;fzr; RUf;fk;> ,yf;fz tpdhtpil> irttpdhtpilfs; KjyhditAk; ghlrhiy khzth;fSf;Fhpa tifapy; ehtyuhy; cUthf;fk; ngw;witahFk;. rpjk;gukhd;kpak; GNyhyp gRgjPr;rug;ngUkhs; jpUt+Q;ry; fjph;fhkRthkp fPh;j;jdq;fs; nja;t gf;jpia czh;j;Jk; tifapy; mikTw;witahFk;. Myaq;fisj; jhprpg;gjw;Fk; xOFjw;FKhpa tpjpfis rpthya jhprd tpjp, mDl;lhd tpjp vd tpjp E}y;fshf je;j ehtyh; ghly;fshf ,Ue;j rka E}y;fSf;nfy;yhk; trdk; vOjp ntspg;gLj;jpa rpwg;gpdhNy “trd eil ifte;j ty;yhsh;” vd;W rpwg;gpf;fg;gl;lhh;. ,th; trd E}y;fspy; fe;j Guhz trdk; nghpa Guhz trdk; jpUtpisahlw; Guhz trdk; vd;git Fwpg;gplj;jf;fitahFk;. ehtyuJ gzp <oj;jpw;F kl;Lk; fpilj;jjy;y. jkpo; ehl;bYk; fpwp];jt CLUty; ,Ue;j fhyj;jpy; MWKf ehtyUk; gzpahw;wpajhy; irtk; fhj;j nrk;kyhf me;ehl;lth;fSk; Vw;Ws;sdh;. khzth;fSf;Fr; irt rpwg;ig tpsq;f itf;Fk; tifapyhd Nehf;fpNy ,th; epWtpa rpjk;guk; irtg; ghlrhiy rkaE}y;fis mr;rpLk; nghUl;L ,th; epWtpa mr;rpae;jpurhiy> jpUth tLJiw> kJiu> jUkGuk;> jpUtz;zhkiy> ,uhkehjGuk; MjPdq;fspYk; kJiu> fhQ;rp> fhiuf;fhy;> Ntjhuz;ak; Kjyhd Nfhapy;fspy; Mw;wpa gpurq;fq;fspdhy; irt tpopg;Gzh;it jkpo;ehl;bYk; Vw;gLj;jpath; ehtyh;. ,jdhNyNa mz;zhkiyg; gy;fiyf;fofg; Nguhrphpauhf tpsq;fpa NrhkRe;jughujp mth;fs; “jkpofj;ij <oehl;bw;F flikg;gLj;jpa NgUgfhhp ehtyh;” vd;W ehtyiu rpwg;gpj;jhh;.

“ey;iy efh; ehtyh; gpwe;jpy Nuy; nrhy;Y jkpo; vq;Nf RUjp vq;Nf Guhz Mfkq;fs; vq;Nf gpurq;fk; vq;Nf....” vd;W rp.it.jhNkhjuk;gps;is ehtyh; kiwtpd;nghOJ ghba ,uq;fy; ghlypNy ,Ue;J vkf;F fpilj;j tpil gpurq;fk; vd;w Kiwik ehtyuhy; <oj;jpNy rpwg;gile;jJ vd;gjhFk;. ,e;j gpurq;fNk ehtyiu ,e;jpa ehl;bYk; kjpf;f itj;jJ vdyhk;. ,e;jpahtpy; fpwp];jtj;jpd; guk;giy vjph;nfhz;l rka epWtdq;fs; <oj;jpy; rkag; gzpahw;wpa ehtyhpd; rka mwpitAk; mtuJ ehtd;ikj; jpwidAk; ed;fwpe;J mtiu mioj;J jk; kf;fSf;F gpurq;fk; nra;tjw;F gzpj;jd. me;j miog;gpid Vw;w ehtyh; jkpo; ehl;by; irtj;jpw;Fk; jkpOf;Fk; xNu xU cah;gPlkhf mf;fhyk; tpsq;fpa jpUthtLJiw MjPdj;jpy; mf; fhyj;jpd; gPlj; jiyikapy; ,Ue;j Rg;gpukzpa Njrpfh; ehtyuJ gpurq;fk; mt;thjPdj;jpy; epfo;j;jg;gl;l nghOJ mtuJ ehtd;ikj; jpwidg; ghuhl;b “ehtyh;” vd;w gl;lk; toq;fpaik ehtyuJ gpurq;f Mw;wYf;F fpilj;j gl;lNk MFk;.

ehtyh; ,y;yhky; <oj;jpd; irt tuyhw;iw vOj KbahJ vd;W $Wkstpw;F ehtyh; <oj;jpd; irt tuyhw;wpNy irtrkaj;jpd; fhtyuhf> irt kWkyh;rpahsuhf> irtrka rPh;jpUj;jthjpahf> irtg; ghlrhiy ];jhgfuhf> rka tuyhw;wpNy Kf;fpag;gLj;jp ehtyiug; gd;Kfkhfg; ghh;f;fKbfpwJ. ,jdhNy mtUf;F irtKk; jkpOk; gl;l flikia irth;fSk; jkpoh;fSk; kwthJ irtFUthf ,w;iwtiu nja;tPf me;j];J nfhLj;J cUtr;rpiy mikj;J g+[pj;J tUfpd;wdh;.

(ed;wp: aho;g;ghzk; - nkhopAk; tho;Tk;) ïªJ xË

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nahf® RthÄfŸ g¡f«

Nty;KUfidg; Nghw;Wk ; Nahfh; Rthkpfs; kapy; Vwp th KUfh! gy;ytp khkapy; Vwp th – th fhj;jply; Ntz;Lk; KUfh! mDgy;ytp Nty; KUfh khy; kUfh (khkapy;) ruzk; NfhkhNd Foe;ij Ntyh rPkhNd jpUtb jQ;rk; fhkhe;j fhuk; mfyTk; ehnke;j NeuKk; GfoTk;! (khkapy;)

Nrtw; nfhbNahd; jpUtbiar; rpe;jpg;gPh;! ghtk;Nghk; nghy;yhg; gopNghFk; ghUyfpw; Nrtw; nfhbNahd; wpUtbiar; - rhksTQ; rpe;jpg;gPh; nry;tQ; nrwpapyq;if ed;dhl;Bh; te;jpg;gP nud;Wk; kfpo;e;J.

fhkKj yhWq; fbe;J fbfkOQ; Nrke; jUe;jpt;a ghjj;ij – MksTk; Nghw;wpg; GfOtPh; nghd;dpyq;if ed;dhl;Bh; khw;wpg; gpwf;f kUe;J. 2 Gd;DdpNky; ePh;Nghy; epiyahj ngha;Aliy vd;dpdpePh; vz;zp tUe;JtPh; - kz;Zyfpy; MWKfd; ghjj;ij ad;gh apyq;ifaPh; $W kJNt Fzk;. 3

Vfhe;j rpj;jk; ngwTk; Nahfhe;j khh;f;fk; cwTk; Njfhe;j fhye; jd;dpy; ePNghe;J fhj;jply; Ntz;Lk;! (khkapy;)

,sik epiyah njdtwpe;J Ntyd; goik jUkbiag; gw;Wk; - vOikAk; ,d;ge; jUNk apyq;ifkh ed;dhl;Bh; md;gpw; gzptP uwpe;J 4

KUfh eP th KUfh ePth - Kj;jpf;Fk; gj;jpf;Fk; rpj;jpf;Fk; KO ty;ytNd cUfh kdNkd; je;jha; - jpUkhy;kUfh cte;Jte;J rpte;jjhspiz cr;rpapy; itr;rpL nkr;rpa tPuNd (KUfh)

mwpTf; fwpthfp ag;ghw;fg; ghyha;r; nrwpAk; KUfd; jpUj;jhs; - newpAlNd gw;wpg; gzpe;jpLtPh; gy;fh ypyq;ifaPh; ntw;wpjU nkd;Wk; tpisT.

mWkh KfNd audhh; kfNd FWkhKdpf;Fg NjrQ; nrhd;d FUNt tUtha; tpiuth aUs;tha; (KUfh)

tpisAkpr;ir nay;yhk; ntWj;NjnaQ; Qhd;Wk; ,isNahd; wpUg;ghj Nkj;j – kioNghw; fUiz tUNk fUjpyq;if ehl;Bh; jUz kpJfz;Bh; jhd;. 6

Ntyidf; nfhz;lhLNthk;! gy;ytp Ntyidf; nfhz;lhLNthk; NtW nja;tk; ehbNlhk; mDgy;ytp fhyidf; fhyhYijj;Njd; ghyDf;Nf ehkbNahk;! (Ntyidf;) ruzk; Nfhyh fy kapypy; VWk; Foe;ij Ntyd; ghyh; ehq;fNs! (Ntyidf;) QhyKs;s ehSk; Nahfehjd; nrhd;d nrhy;iyf; nfhz;L fhiyapYk; khiyapYk; foybNa Nghw;wpLNthk;! (Ntyidf;) ïªJ xË

J®K» tUl« I¥gá

Éòyhdªj® g¡f«

gy;Jiwg; gzpahsuhfg; Nghw;wg;gLk;

Rthkp tpGyhde;ju;; nry;tp.f.[Ptujp B.A. (Hons)

jkpOf;F ,yf;fzk; tFj;j ek; Kd;Ndhu;fs; jkpio ,ay;> ,ir> ehlfk; vd %tifg;gLj;jpdu;. mj;jifa Kj;jkpopYk; rpwe;J tpsq;fpa fhuzj;jhy;> Kj;jkpo; tpj;jfu; vdg; Nghw;wg;gl;ltu; Rthkp tpGyhde;ju; vd;why; kpifahfhJ. mwpKfk; kPd;ghLk; Njdhlhk; kl;Lkhefupd; njd;Nfhbapy; nre;ney;Yk; nre;jkpOk; rpwe;J tpsq;Fk; gok;ngUk; gjpahd fhiujPtpy; 1892-03-27 md;W> rhkpj;jk;gp- fz;zk;ik jk;gjpapdUf;F kfdhf “jk;gpg;gps;is” vd;w ehkj;NjhL mtjupj;jhu;. rpWtajpy; Neha;tha;g;glNt fjpu;fhk KUfdpd; ngauhfpa “kapy;thfdd;” vDk; ngaiu ngw;Nwhuhy; #l;lg;ngw;wtu;; ,d;W jkpo; $Wk; ey;Yyfpy;; Kjy; jkpo;g; Nguhrpupau; tpGyhee;juhf khwpaikf;F mtuJ gy;jpwg;gl;l MSikAk;> gd;Kfg;gl;l gzpfSk; fhuzkhFk;. mtu; gy;Jiw rhu;e;j NguwpQu;. Mrpupauhf> gz;bjuhf> tpQ;Qhdg; gl;ljhupahf> ghlrhiyfspd; Kfhikahsuhf> gy;fiyf;fofq;fspy; jkpo;j;Jiwg; Nguhrpupauhf> mwpQuhf> Muha;r;rpahsuhf> nkhopngau;g;ghsuhf> Kj;jkpo; tpj;jfuhf tpsq;fpa tpGyhde;ju;; r%fj; Jwtpahf tho;e;J nra;j njhz;LfSk;> jkpOf;fhw;wpa NritfSk; mtiu vd;Wk; epidT$ur; nra;td. rpWtajpy; FQ;rpj;jk;gp MrpupauplKk;> itj;jpypq;f NjrpfuplKk; fy;tp gapd;w ,tu;; ghuj trdk;> ngupaGuhzk;> gQ;r je;jpuk;> tpNehj kQ;rup> tpy;ypghujk;> ieljk;> fe;jGuhzk; Nghd;w E}y;fisf; fw;Wj; Nju;e;jhu;. Mq;fpyf;fy;tpapid ,tu; Kjypy; fy;KidapYs;s nkjb];w; fy;Y}upapYk; gpd;du; kl;lf;fsg;gpYs;s ikf;Nfy; fy;Y}upapYk; fw;whu;. ,tu; 16tJ tajpNyNa Nfk;gpupl;[; rPdpau; (Cambridge Senior) guPl;irapy; rpj;jpnaa;jpdhu; vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. 1916,y; kJiuj; jkpo;r; rq;fg;gz;bju; Nju;tpYk; ntw;wp ngw;W>‘,yq;ifapd; KjyhtJ kJiuj; jkpo;r; rq;fg; gz;bju;’ vd;Dk; ngUikiaAk; ngw;whu;. 1919,y; ,yz;ld; gy;fiyf;fofk; elhj;jpa gp.v];.rp Nju;tpYk; rpj;jpaile;jhh;. nfhOk;G murpdu; njhopy;El;gf; fy;Y}upapy; cjtp tpupTiuahsuhf gzpahw;wpdhu;. kapy;thfddhupd; tpupTiufs; khztu; kj;jpapy; ngUk; rpwg;igj; Njbf;nfhLj;jd. mjdhy; 1917Mk; Mz;L aho;g;ghzk; rk;gj;juprpahu; fy;Y}upf;F tpQ;Qhd Mrpupauhf tpUk;gp mioj;jdu;. mjid ngUtpUg;Gld; Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhu;. ïªJ xË

kapy;thfddhupd; nkhopg;GyikiaAk; Mw;wiyAk; mwpe;j khdpg;gha; ,e;Jf;fy;Y}up KfhikahsUk;> jpUg;Gfo;> rptg;gpufhrk;> rptQhd rpj;jpahu; vd;gtw;Wf;F ciu vOjpatUkhd tof;fwpQu; jpUtpsq;fj;jhupd; Ntz;LNfhSf;fpzq;fp khdpg;gha; ,e;Jf;fy;Y}upapd; mjpgu; gjtpia Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhu;. jpUNfhzkiy NfhNz];tuh ,e;Jf;fy;Y}upapy; 1925Mk; Mz;bypUe;J Kfhikahsuhff; flikahw;wpa Rthkp tpGyhde;ju; mtu;fs; fy;Y}upapd; tsu;r;rpapy; jdJ nrwpthd ftdj;ijr; nrYj;Jk; nghUl;L 1928,y; mjpgu; gjtpiaAk; Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhu;. kapy;thfdDf;F nrd;idapy; kapyhg;G+u; klj;jpy; Rthkp rpj;jhde;jupdhy; gpuNghj irjd;a gpuptpy; gpukr;rupa jPl;irAk; re;epahr jPl;irAk; toq;fg;gl;ld. 1922,y; nrd;id nrd;w kapy;thfddhu; ,uhkfpU\;z rq;fj;jpy; Nru;e;J “gpuNghj irjd;au;”vd;Dk; ngau; ngw;whu;. 1924k; Mz;L rpj;jpiug; ngsu;zkpapy; Jwtwk; Nkw;nfhz;L Rthkp rpthde;juhy; “Rthkp tpGyhde;ju;” vd;Dk; ehkk; #l;lg;ngw;whu;. fy;yb cg;Nghilapy; tpGyhde;ju; jhk; mikj;j ghlrhiyf;F rpthde;j tpj;jpahyak; vd ehkk; #l;baJ jkJ FUtpd; Qhgfhu;j;jkhfNt. fy;tpg; gzpfs; “fiy> mwptpay;> nka;Qhdk; %d;Wk; xUq;fpizAk; fy;tpNa KOikahd fy;tp” vd;gJ mbfshupd; fUj;jhFk;. 1925,y; ,yq;if jpUk;gpa mbfshu; fy;yb cg;Nghilapy; rpthde;jh tpj;jpahyaKk; fhiujPtpy; rhujh kfspu; fy;Y}upAk; kw;Wk; Mjutw;Nwhu; khztu;> khztpau; ,y;yq;fSk; epWtp msg;ngupa fy;tpj;njhz;L nra;jhu;. gpd;G aho;g;ghzk; itj;jP];tuh tpj;jpahyaj;ijAk; jpUNfhzkiy ,e;Jf; fy;Y}upiaAk; ,uhkfpU\;z rq;fj;NjhL ,izj;jNjhL epy;yhJ kiyafj;jpYk; ghlrhiyfs; mikj;J rfyUf;Fk; rpwe;j fy;tpj;njhz;lhw;wpdhu;. NkYk;> ,uhkfpU\;zkp\d; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; fy;tpg; gzpfis xUq;fikj;jhu;. 1931,y; mz;zhkiyg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; Kjy; jkpog; ; NguhrpupauhfTk;> 1943,y; ,yq;ifg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; Kjy; jkpo;g; NguhrpupauhfTk; gzp Gupe;jhu;. mj;jid rpwg;NghL nkhopapay; tpQ;Qhdpahf> mwptpay; fiyQuhf> Mj;kPf Qhdpahf> Mw;wy;kpF Nguhrpupauhf> ,aw;wkpo; ty;Yduhf> ,irj;jkpo; Muha;r;rpahsuhf gy gzpfs; Gupe;jhu;. 1943Mk; Mz;by;> ,yq;ifapy; gy;fiyf;fofk; 27

J®K» tUl« I¥gá

fiyr;nrhy;yhf;f khehl;Lj; jiyikAiu (1936)> fiyr; nrhw;fs; NtjpE}y; (1938)> kpd;rhu rhj;jp tuyhW> tpQ;Qhd jPgk; (1922)> tpQ;Qhd jPgk;- nkhopngau;g;G Kiw (1922) Nghd;w E}y;fisAk; vOjp ntspapl;Ls;shu;. NkYk;> tpGyhee;j mbfspd; jkpo;g; gzpfspNy ,kankd cau;e;J epw;gtw;wpNy mtu; ghujpahupd; ghly;fSf;F mq;fPfhuj;ij Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jikAk; xd;whFk;. Rg;gpukzpaghujpahu; vOjpa ghl;Lf;fs; ahTk; kpFe;j czu;r;rpAld; Kd;Ndw;wkhd fUj;Jf;fisg; nghjpe;Js;sdtha; ,Ue;jhYk; mit gioa ahg;gikjpNahLk;> jkpo; kuNghLk; Kw;wg; nghUe;jhikapdhy; cz;ikahd jkpo;f; ftpfsy;y vd ,yf;fz ,yf;fpaq;fisf; fw;wwpe;j gz;bju;fs; ntWj;jdu;. mg;ghly;fSf;Fupa Nkyhd rpwg;igAk; nfhLf;f kWj;jdu;. Mdhy; mbfshu; mz;zhkiy efiu mile;j NghJ mq;F ‘ghujp fofk;’ vd;w rq;fKk; $l;b mg;ghl;Lf;fis ,ir mwpe;j Gytiuf; nfhz;L ,irAld; ghLtpj;jhu;. mjd; gpd;dNu ghujpahupd; GfOk;> ghuhl;Lf;fSk; jkpo; ehnlq;fZk; gutpd. NjlhjpUe;j ghujpahiu jkpOyfk; fdk; gz;z itj;j ngUik tpGyhee;j mbfshUf;Nf cupajhFk;. tpGyhde;ju; Njhd;whjpUe;jpUe;jhy;> jkpo; ehl;by; fhy; Cd;whjpUe;jhy;> kfhftp ghujpahiu cyfk; fhzhjpUe;jpUf;Fk; ghujpapd; jkpo; tPzhf kbe;jpUf;Fk;. Rthkp tpGyhde;ju; mtu;fs; gy;fiyf;fof kl;lj;jpw;Fg; ghujpiaf; nfhz;L nrd;wjhy; ghujpia ahuhYk; mopf;f Kbatpy;iy. 1948,y; ntspte;j <okzp gj;jpupifapy; ftpNahfp Rj;jhde;j ghujpahu; gpd;tUkhW mbfshiu epidT $Ufpd;whu;: “rq;fj; jkpo; Nfl;f Ntz;Lkhdhy; ,Utuplk; Nfl;f Ntz;Lk;. xUtu; ngUk; Nguhrpupau; rhkpehijau; kw;nwhUtu; tpGyhde;ju;” mf;fhyj;jpy; jkpofj;jpy; vz;zw;w jkpowpQu;fs; ,Ue;Jk; rq;fj; jkpopy; rpwe;jtu;fs; jkpofj;ijr; Nru;e;j Nguhrpupau; rhkpehijau; kw;Wk; ,yq;ifiar; Nru;e;j tpGyhde;ju; kl;LNk vd;Dk; Gfohuk; mbfshUf;F kl;Lky;y> ,yq;ifj; jkpoUf;Fk; ngUik Njbj; je;jJ.

,aq;fj; njhlq;fpa NghJ jkpo;j; Jiwapd; KjyhtJ Nguhrpupauhf gyupd; Ntz;LNfhspw;fpzq;f gzpGupa ,zq;fpdhu;. jkpo; Ma;Tj; Jiwapy; vt;topapy; nry;y Ntz;Lnkd;w jpl;lq;fis Rthkp tpGyhee;jNu tFj;jhu; vd;gJk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. ,jopay; gzpfs; ,uhkfpU\;zkp\d; elhj;jpa ‘,uhkfpU\;z tp[ak;’ vd;w jkpo;r; rQ;rpiff;Fk;>‘Ntjhe;j Nfrup’ vd;w Mq;fpyr; rQ;rpiff;Fk; MrpupauhftpUe;J gy mupa fl;Liufis vOjpdhu;. kJiuj; jkpo;r; rq;fk; elhj;jpa gz;bj guPl;irapd; guPl;rhu;j;jfuhf epakpf;fg;gl;lhu;. jkpo;r;rq;f ntspaPlhd ‘nre;jkpo;’ vDk; rQ;rpifapy; ,yf;fpaf; fl;Liufisj; njhlu;e;J vOjp te;jhu;. ,uhkfpU\;zkp\d; ,kakiyg; gFjpapy; cs;s (Almorah) my;nkhwh`; vd;w ,lj;jpy; khahtjp Mrpukj;jpy; ,Ue;J ntspapLk; ‘gpuGj;j ghuj’(Prabuddha Bharatha) vd;w rQ;rpifapd; Mrpupauhf 1934Mk; Mz;by; tpGyhee;j mbfs; epakpf;fg;gl;lhu;. mg;NghJjhd;> ,irj;jkpo; gw;wpa KOikahd Ma;T nra;ag;ngw;W> mupa E}yhfpa ‘aho; E}y;’ cUthf;fk; ngw;wJ. jkpopay; gzpfs; nrl;behl;luru; Ntz;LNfhspd;gb> Rthkp tpGyhde;ju; rpjk;guk; mz;zhkiyg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; 1931Mk; Mz;L gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; Kjy; jkpo;g; Nguhrpupah; gzpia Vw;W> gy;fiyf;fof tuyhw;wpy; vd;nwd;Wk; epidj;Jg; Nghw;wf;$ba jk; jkpo;j; njhz;ilg; gjpT nra;jhu;. mf;fhyg; gFjpapy;jhd; mtUila ,ir rk;ge;jkhd Muha;r;rp Muk;gkhfpaJ. Guhjd jkpou; ,ir gw;wp mtu; Muha;r;rpfis Nkw;nfhz;lhu;. 1934Mk; Mz;by;> mz;zhkiyg; gy;fiyf;fofj; jkpo;j;Jiwj; jiytu; gjtpapy; ,Ue;J tpyfp ,yq;if jpUk;gpa mbfshu;. ,q;F ,uhkfpU\;zkp\d; Nkw;nfhz;Lte;j fy;tp eltbf;iffspy; <Lgl;lhu;. jkpo;nkhopapd; tsu;r;rpf;fhf ‘aho;g;ghzk; Mupa jpuhtpl gh\h mgptpUj;jpr; rq;fk;’ vd;w fofj;ij mikj;J jkpio tsu;f;fyhdhu;. ,e;jr; rq;fj;jpd; %yk; gpuNtr gz;bju;> ghy gz;bju;> gz;bju; vd %d;W Nju;Tfis Vw;gLj;jpdhu;. kapy;thfddhupd; ,e;j Kaw;rp vj;jidNah gz;bjkzpfis ehl;bw;F mspj;Js;sJ. aho;E}y;> kjq;f#shkzp> fNzr Njhj;jpug; gQ;rfk;> Fku Ntzt kzpkhiy> eluh[ tbtk; vd;gd mbfshupd; gpujhd E}y;fshff; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. NkYk; ,yf;fpak;> ,ir> rkak;> nkhopapay;> fy;tp> mwptpay; rk;ge;jkhf vz;zpiwe;j fl;LiufisAk; E}y;fisAk; ntspapl;L jkpOf;Fk; fy;tpf;Fk; njhz;lhw;wpAs;shu;. NkYk; tpNtfhde;j QhdjPgk;> rk;ghridfs; (1924)> fUkNahfk; (1934)> Qhd Nahfk; (1934)> ek;ktu; ehl;L Qhd tho;f;if (1941)> tpNtfhde;jupd; gpurq;fk; (1934) NkYk; mwptpay; rk;ge;jkhd ve;jputpay; (1933)> ïªJ xË

fiyr;nrhy;yhf;fg; gzp nrd;id khfhzj; jkpo;r;rq;fj;jhy; mikf;fg;gl;l fiyr;nrhy;yhf;fg; Nguitapd; jiyikg; nghWg;ig Vw;W mwptpay; jkpio cyFf;F mwpKfk; nra;Jitj;jtu; mbfshu; mtu;fNs. fzpjk;> tuyhW> ngsjpftpay;> jhtutpay;> tpyq;fpay;> ,urhadtpay;> cly;eytpay;> Gtpapay;> tptrhatpay; Mfpa xd;gJ Jiwfspy;fiyr;nrhw;fis Mf;Ftjw;fhf xd;gJ mwpQu; FOf;fs; mikf;fg;gl;L me;j xd;gJ FOf;fSf;Fk; nghJj;jiytuhfTk; ,urhadtpay; FOtpd; jiytuhfTk; tpGyhee;j mbfs; epakpf;fg;gl;lhu;. mbfshupd; jiyikapyhd me;j mwpQu; FOf;fspd; mUk;gzpapdhy; gj;jhapuk; jkpo;f; fiyr;nrhw;fisf; 28

J®K» tUl« I¥gá

”vd;W “<rd; ctf;Fk; ,d;kyu; %d;W” vd;w jiyg;gpy; mbfshu; ghba ghly;fs; mwpQu; ngUkf;fshy; tpje;J Nghw;wg;gLfpd;wd.

nfhz;l ‘fiyr;nrhy; mfuhjp’ 1938Mk; Mz;L ntspaplg;gl;lJ. cyfpd; mwptpay; kyu;r;rpf;Fj; jFe;j tifapy; jkpo;nkhopapd; tsu;r;rp mike;jpl ,e;j mfuhjp ngUk; gq;fhw;wpf;nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. ,irg;gzp tpGyhee;jupd; ,ir Muha;r;rpg; gzpia vLj;J Nehf;fpdhy;> gz;ilj;jkpopirapd; ngUikiaAk; jdpj;j ,ay;igAk; vLj;Jf;fhl;Lk; tifapy; “aho;E} y;” vd;Dk; mupa ,ir Muha;r;rp E}iy Mf;fpAs;shu;. gz;ilj;jkpoupd; ,irf;fUtpfshfpa tpy; aho;> Ngup aho;> kfu aho;> nrq;Nfhl;b aho;> rNfhl aho; vd;gd gw;wp aho;E} y; $Wfpd;wJ. mbfshu; gjpide;J Mz;L fhyk; Muha;e;J fz;Lzu;e;j aho;E}ypidf; fue;ij jkpo;r;rq;fj;jpd; MjuTld; jpUf;nfhs;sk;G+J}u; tpy;thus;NaRtuu; Nfhapypy; jpUQhd rk;ge;jupd; re;epjhdj;jpy; ,ir tpw;gd;du;fs;> fw;Nwhu;fs;> kw;Nwhu;fs; Kd;dpiyapy; Njthug; gz;fisj; jhNk mikj;J 1947Mk; Mz;L Mdpj; jpq;fspy; muq;Nfw;wpdhu;. rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fSf;F epfuhf vz;zg;gLtJ “fq;ifapy; tpLj;j Xiy” vd;Dk; mbfshupd; ftpij kyuhFk;. ,kakiyr; rhuypy; jtg;gs;spapy; mbfshu; tho;e;j fhyj;jpy; mtuJ ,dpa ez;gu; fe;jrhkp kiwe;j nra;jpiaf; Nfs;tpAw;whu;. mr;nra;jp mtupd; kdijg; ngupJk; tUj;jpw;W. fe;jrhkpg; GytDld; Ntl;fsj;jpy; xd;whff; fy;tp gapd;w fhyj;jpy; jhk; ngw;w mDgtq;fis vz;zpg; ghu;f;fpd;whu;. mtuJ gOj;j jkpo;g; GyikAk; J}a;ikahd tho;Tk; rpwe;j gz;GfSk; mbfshupd; cs;sj;jpy; vjpnuhypf;fpd;wd. Jauk; kpFfpd;wJ. cs;sj;Jzu;T fl;LkPwpg; gha;fpd;wJ ftpij tbtpy;. mjd; Ngwha;f; fq;ifapy; tpLj;j Xiy gpwf;fpd;wJ. neUq;fpa xUtu; ,we;jtplj;J mtu;f;fpuq;fpg; ghba ifaWepiyg; ghly;fs; gytw;iwr; rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fspy; fhz;fpd;Nwhk;. mjw;fika mbfshupd; “fq;ifapy; tpLj;j Xiy” GJtifapy;> GJ nkUF ngw;Wj; jpfo;fpd;wJ. ,J Kw;WKOjhf ifaWepiyg; ghlyhf ,y;yhtpbDk; mjd; rhaypy; vOe;j J}jpyf;fpakhf miktijf; fhzKbfpd;wJ. Kjy; ,U ghly;fspNyNa mbfshu; jkJ ez;gdpd; Fzeyd;fis> gOj;j jkpo;g; Gyikia epidT $Ufpd;whu;. tho;tpy; ,d;gKk; Jd;gKk; tUtJ rf[k;. ,e;j cz;ikia ed;F mwpahNjhNu ,d;gk; te;j NghJ Js;spf; Fjpg;gu;. Jd;gk; Neu;e;j NghJ Nrhu;e;J mOtu;. ,d;g Jd;gq;fshfpa Roy; fhw;wpy; khdplu; miyfpd;wdu;. ,e;j cz;ikia czuhNjhu;f;F ,d;gKk; Jd;gKk; kaf;fj;ijNa nra;Ak; vd;gij ,f;ftpij kyupy; mofhf vLj;Jf; fhl;bAs;shu;. NkYk; gy ,dpikahd ftpijfSk;> vz;zw;w fl;LiufSk; ,aw;wkpOf;F mtu; Mw;wpa gzpapid ,ak;gpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. tpGyhee;j mbfSila fy;yiwapy; mtNu ,aw;wpa ,dpa ftpij nghwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. “nts;isepw ky;ypifNah> Ntnwe;j khkyNuh……… ïªJ xË

ehlfg; gzp 1924Mk; Mz;L kJiuj;jkpo;r; rq;f Mz;L tpohtpy; “ehlfj; jkpo;” vd;w ciuapidr; rq;fr; nrayhsuhf ,Ue;j b.v];.rPdpthr Iaq;fhupd; Ntz;LNfhSf;fpzq;f “kjq;f#shkzp” vd;w E}iy vOjpdhu;. N\f;];gpaupd; ehlfq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L mtu; gy jpwdha;Tf; fl;Liufis ntspapl;bUf;fpwhu;. ,f;fl;Liufs;>‘kjq;f#shkzp’ vd;w njhFg;gpy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sd. rka> r%fg; gzpfs; NkYk;> tpGyhde;ju; Md;kPfthj rd;khu;f;f newpahsuhf tho;e;jhu;.“ehk; kdpju; vd;Dk; ngaUf;F KOJk; jFjp ngwNtz;Lkhdhy;> ,d;W KjNy rd;khu;f;fj;ijf; filg;gpbf;fj; njhlq;f Ntz;Lk;”>“tzf;fj;Jld; rpuj;ijAld; <Rtuid topgLNthd;> cs;sj; J}a;ik ngw;Wf; flTisf; fhz;fpd;whd;” vd;whu;. “gpwUf;F ed;ik nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nehf;fj;JlNd jhd; ey;y epiyia mila tpUk;GtNj cz;ikahd rd;khu;f;fkhFk;” vd;Wk; ciuj;jhu;. rhjp> kj> nkhop> ,d Vw;wj;jho;TfSf;Fk;> Vio> gzf;fhud; vd;w tu;f;f NtWghLfSf;Fk; mg;ghw;gl;ltu; tpGyhde;ju;. tWikapYk;> rhjpag; ghjpg;gpYk; eypTw;w kf;fspilNa cyhtpdhu;. mtu;fspd; Fiw epiwfisf; Nfl;lwpe;J MWjy; $wpdhu;. mjdhy; “ngupa Nfhapy; thj;jpahu;” vdr; rhjhuz kf;fshy; tpUk;gp miof;fg;gl;lhu;. mz;zhkiyg; gy;fiyf;fof jkpo;g; Nguhrpupauhf tpsq;fpa NghJ mtuJ kdpa Nea ahj;jpiu ,e;jpa Nrupg;Gwq;fspy; gupNthL epfo;e;jJ. vdNt jhd; r%fj;jpypUe;J gpupe;J jdpj;J tpGyhde;ju; epw;ftpy;iy. mtuJ rpe;jidfs;> elj;ijfs; ,uz;Lk; mtiu Vida mwpQu;fspdpd;Wk; NtWgLj;JtdthfTs;sd. njhFg;Giu kf;fSf;F vz;zj;ij Cl;LtJ ,aw; jkpo;> czu;r;rpia Cl;LtJ ,irj;jkpo;> ey;top fhl;LtJ ehlfj; jkpo; vd;w tifapy; Kj;jkpopw;Fk; njhz;lhw;wp tpj;jfuha; jpfo;e;j tpGyhde;ju; 1947Mk; Mz;L Mbj;jpq;fs; 19Mk; ehs; rdpf;fpoik ,uT ,iwgjk; mile;jhu;. mtuJ cly; mtu; cUthf;fpa kl;lf;fsg;G rpthde;jh tpj;jpahyaj;jpd; Kd;dhYs;s kuj;jpd; fPo; mikf;fg;gl;l fy;yiwapy; mlf;fk; nra;ag;gl;lJ. Rthkp tpGyhde;ju; ,g;G+Tyif tpl;Lg; gpupe;jpUe;jhYk; mtu; Mw;wpr; nrd;w rka> r%f> ,jopay; gzpfspD}Nl ,d;Wk; ek; kj;jpapy; tho;e;J nfhz;LjhdpUf;fpd;whu;. 29

J®K» tUl« I¥gá

,J rpWth;fSf;fhd gFjp. xUth; kPJ ,d;ndhUth; nghwhik nfhs;sf;$lhJ vd;Wk;> mJ vj;jifa jPikia Vw;gLj;Jk; vd;gijAk; ,e;jf; fij nrhy;fpwJ.

áWt® xË

nghwhik nfhbJ

xU kd;dtd; rPUk; rpwg;Gk; cilatdhf ,Ue;jhd;. nry;tk; gilj;jtd;. MapDk; RamwpT ,y;yhjtd;. gpwu; $Wk; nrhy;iy ek;Gfpd;w ,ay;Gilatd;. jd;dplk; te;J eakhfg; Ngrp Kf];Jjp nra;gtu;fSf;F ms;spf; nfhLf;Fk; Fzk; gilj;jtd;. gyu; mtidg; Gfo;e;J Ngrp Vkhw;wpg; ngUk;nghUs; ngw;Wr; nrd;whu;fs;. me;j murdplk; Milfis ryit nra;J nfhLf;Fk; Vfhyp (ryitj; njhopyhsp) xUtd; ,Ue;jhd;. jdJ Ntiyiar; Rj;jkhfr; nra;thd;. ek;gpf;ifahfTk; ,Ue;Jte;jhd;. mlf;fkhfTk; md;ghfTk; murdplk; gofpdhd;. mjdhy; murDf;F mtd; kPJ gl;rk; Vw;gl;lJ. Vfhypf;F E}W> ,UE}W vd;W mt;tg;NghJ murd; jhuhskhfg; gzk; nfhLj;J cjtp te;jhd;. me;j murdplk; kz;ghidfisr; nra;JtUk; Fyhyd; (kl;ghz;lq;fisr; nra;gtd;) xUtDk; ,Ue;jhd;. mtDf;F Vfhyp kPJ nghwhik Vw;gl;lJ. mtidg;gw;wp murdplk; Nfhs; nrhy;yp murDila md;ig khw;wptpl Ntz;Lk; vd;W vz;zpdhd;. xUehs; nkJthf murdplk; te;J Fk;gpL Nghl;L epd;whd;.”vd;d FyhydNu! nrsf;fpakh? vd;d Nrjp? VjhtJ Ntz;Lkh?”” vd;W murd; Nfl;lhd;. Fyhyd;> “muNr! jq;fs; ngUik vq;Fk; gutpAs;sJ.M! M! jq;fs; GfNo Gfo;. jq;fisg; Nghd;w cj;jk muru; cyfpNyNa fpilahJ. Kd;Dk; ,Ue;jjpy;iy> ,dpAk; ,Uf;fg; Nghtjpy;iy. jq;fs; fPu;j;jp vl;Lj;jpirfspYk; Kl;bg; gutpAs;sJ. jq;fs; ew;Fzq;fisg; Nghw;whjtu;fNs ,y;iy. ,e;jpuNghfNk jq;fs;ghy; mike;Js;sJ. Mdhy;> xU FiwAs;sJ. mJTk; ePq;fptpl;lhy; jhq;fs; G+Nyhf ,e;jpuidg;Nghy ,Uf;fyhk;” vd;W tQ;rj;Jjp ghbepd;whd;. murd;> “vdf;F vd;d Fiw mg;gh? mijr; nrhy;” vd;whd;. FyhyDk;> “muNr! Ntnwhd;Wkpy;iy> ehL> efuk;> nry;tk;> gil vy;yhk; mike;jpUf;fpd;wd. nts;is

ïªJ xË

ahid xd;Wjhd; ,y;iy. ,e;jpudplk; nts;is ahid cz;ly;yth!. Mdhy;> cq;fsplNkh fWg;G ahidjhNd cs;sJ. mjid ek; muz;kid Vfhypaplk; $wp me;j ahidia nky;y ntSj;Jj; jUkhW fl;lisapLq;fs;. mtDk; ntSj;Jj; je;JtpLthd;. gpd;du;> nts;is ahidNahL $ba jhq;fs; G+Nyhf ,e;jpud; vd;w Gfo;ngw;W tpsq;FtPu;fs;.” vd;whd;. kd;dd; Vw;fdNt $wpagb rpwpJ rpe;jideyk; Fiwe;jtd;. ahidia ntSf;f itf;f KbAkh? vd;w mwpT mtdplk; ,y;iy. clNd jdJ muz;kid Vfhypia mioj;J> “mg;gh! Vfhyp! ekJ muz;kidapy; cs;s ahidiaf; nfhz;LNgha; vl;L ehl;fSf;Fs; ntSj;Jf;nfhz;L th. nts;is ahidahf tpsq;fNtz;Lk;. cdf;F epiwag; gzk; jUNtd;. fhupaj;ijf; fUj;Jld; nra;J Kbf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,y;iyNay; cd;id rpur;Nrjk; nra;JtpLNtd;” vd;whd;. Vfhyp ,e;j cj;juitf; Nfl;L eLq;fptpl;lhd;. jdJ tho;T Kbe;jJ vd;W vz;zp tUe;jpdhd;. kWj;Jg; NgRtjw;F ijupakpy;iy. jiyFdpe;jtz;zk; “ey;yJ” vd;W $wptpl;L muz;kidiatpl;Lg; Gwg;gl;lhd;. mtd; NghFk; topapy; Xuplj;jpy; Fyhyd; epd;Wnfhz;L Vfhypiag; ghu;j;J Vsdkhfr; rpupj;jhd;. mg;NghJjhd; Vfhypf;Fg; Gupe;jJ ,e;j tpidia FyhyNd %l;bdhd; vd;W. flTis ruzhfjpaile;J “nja;tNk! ePjhd; vdf;Fj; Jiz. cd;idnahopa xUtiuAk; ek;GfpNyd;” vd;W kdKUfp topgl;L epd;whd;. kWehs;> Vfhypapd; tPl;bd; gpd;Gwk; ahid nfhz;Lte;J fl;lg;gl;lJ. VfhypNah vJTk; nra;ahky; ,Ue;jhd;. vl;lhtJ ehs; Vfhyp rpur;Nrjk; nra;ag;gl;LtpLthd; vd;W vz;zp kfpo;e;jhd; Fyhyd;. nky;y murdplk; Nghdhd;> “muNr! jq;fs; fl;lisia Vfhyp epiwNtw;wpdhdh? Rj;j Nrhk;Ngwp mtd;. jq;fs; fl;lisapy; ftdQ; nrYj;jpajhfj; njupatpy;iy” vd;W $wpdhd;.

J®K» tUl« I¥gá

tho;tpy; jPik nra;a epidj;jha;> vd; flTs; gf;jpahYk;> fhyr; rf;fuj;jpd; Xl;lj;jhYk; mj; jPik cdf;Nf te;J Nru;e;jNj! ,g;NghJ vd;dplk; te;J Kiwapl;L vd;d gad;?” vd;W Nfl;lhd; Vfhyp. “jk;gp! cdf;Ff; Nfhb Fk;gpL NghLfpNwd; mg;gh> ehd; gps;is Fl;bf;fhud;. vd; jiyiaf; fhg;ghw;W” vd;W nfQ;rp kd;whbdhd;. kWehs; Vfhyp> Fyhydiu mioj;Jf;nfhz;L murdplk; nrd;W tzq;fp> “muNr! Fyhydu; ahidf;F Vw;w ghidiar; nra;a KaYk;NghJ me;jr; nra;jp vg;gbNah NjtNyhfj;J ,e;jpuDf;F nrd;Wtpl;lJ. G+Nyhfj;jpy; jdf;Fg; Nghl;bahf ,d;ndhU nts;is ahid ,Ug;gJ Kiway;y> mg;gb ,Uf;Fkhdhy; me;j murid clNd nfhd;WNghL vd;W fhyJ}jDf;Ff; fl;lisapl;lhuhk;. mjid mwpe;jJk; jq;fsplk; $wte;Njd;” vd;whd;. kd;dd; mijf; Nfl;L mQ;rpdhd;. “X! mg;gbah> ahidia ntSf;f ,dp Kaw;rpf;f Ntz;lhk;. cq;fSf;F tPz; Jd;gk; je;Jtpl;Nld;. ,Njh> mjw;fhf cq;fSf;F Mapuk; gzk; jUfpNwd;. mjidf; nfhz;L tho;tpy; re;Njh\khf ,Uq;fs;” vd;whd;. ,UtUk; gzj;ijg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;L jpUk;gpdhu;fs;. Vfhyp Fyhyhdiug; ghu;j;J “,g;NghjhtJ Gj;jp te;jjh? vg;nghOJk; xUtd; kw;wtDf;F cjtpahf> xw;Wikahf thoNtz;Lk;. “ehnlq;Fk;thof; Nfnlhd;Wkpy;iy” vd;gJ Md;Nwhu; thf;F. “gpwu;f;fpd;dh Kw;gfy; nra;apd; jkf;fpd;dh gpw;gfy; jhNk tUk;” vd;W jpUts;Stu; $Wfpwhu;. nghwhikahy; gpwUf;Ff; NfL nra;jhy;> NfL nra;fpwtd;jhd; nfLthd;. cyfpNy ehk; tho;tJ rpyfhyk;jhNd!. xUtUf;nfhUtu; gifg;gJk; epe;jpg;gJk; > gpwu; nghUis mgfupg;gJk; ngUk; gpio. ,jdhy; ,k;ikapYk; kWikapYk; mstw;w Ntjidailfpwhd;. “njhopy; Kiwapy; ehk; NtW NtW gpupTgl;lhYk; kdpj r%fk; xd;Wjhd; vd;w fUj;J Ntw;Wikapd;wp xUikg; ghl;Lld; thoNtz;Lk;. xUtDf;F xUtd; cjtp nra;J mjdhy; kfpo;r;rp mila Ntz;Lk;. mJjhd; kdpjg; gz;ghL” vd;W mwpTiufisf; $wpdhd;. mJNfl;L FyhydUk; kde; jpUe;jpdhu;. gpd;du; mtu;fs; xw;Wikahf tho;e;jhu;fs;.

clNd murd; Vfhypia mioj;J> “Vfhyp! vd;d> ahidia ntSj;Jtpl;lhah? ,d;Wld; vl;L ehl;fs; Kbfpd;wJ!” vd;W Nfhgj;Jld; Nfl;lhd;. Vfhyp tzf;fk; $wp> “kd;du; ngUkhNd! fUizf; flNy! jq;fs; fl;lisia epiwNtw;w ehd; gpd;dilNtdh? jq;fs; thf;F Ntjj;jpYk; Nkyhdjy;yth? ,J vd;d> ahidia ntSg;gJ xU ngupa fhupakh? Rygkhfr; nra;J Kbg;Ngd;. Mdhy; xU rpwpa jilAs;sJ. Jzpfisg; ghidapy; ,l;L mLg;gpy; itj;J mtpj;Jj;jhd; ntSg;gJ tof;fk;. mJNghy; ahidiaAk; ghidapy; itj;J mLg;gpy; Vw;wp mtpj;Jj;jhd; ntSf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjdhy; ekJ muz;kid Fyhydiu ahidia itj;J mtpg;gjw;F Vw;wthW xU ghidiar; nra;J nfhLf;FkhW Vw;ghL nra;Aq;fs;. md;wpAk; ghidapy; ahidia Vw;wpdhy; mg; ghid cilahky; nfl;bahfTk; ,Uf;FkhW nra;ar; nrhy;Yq;fs;. ghid te;Jtpl;lhy; xNu ehspy; ntSj;J nts;is ahidiaf; nfhz;Lte;J jq;fs; muz;kidapy; fl;btpLNtd;” vd;whd;. clNd murd; Fyhyid Nehf;fp> “mg;gh! Vfhyp nrhy;tJ epahae;jhd;. Milfisg; ghidapy; ,l;Lj;jhNd mtpf;fpwhu;fs;. MfNt> ahidf;F Vw;w ghidia clNd nra;JnfhL. ,y;iyNay; cd;idr; rpur;Nrjk; nra;Ntd;” vd;W fl;lisapl;lhd;. ,jidf; Nfl;l Fyhyd; eLeLq;fpdhd;. “Ntypf;F ,l;l Ks; fhYf;F te;jJ Nghy Mapw;W” vd;W epidj;J tUe;jpdhd;. Vfhypf;F ,lu; Gupa epidj;jhd;. me;j ,lu; mtDf;Nf te;J Nru;e;jJ. vd; nra;thd;? eupiag; Nghy tpopj;jthNw nrd;whd;. NeNu Vfhypapd; tPl;Lf;Fg; Ngha; “jk;gp! ,J vd;dg;gh? ngupa Mgj;jpy; vd;idr; rpf;fitj;Jtpl;lha;! ahidf;Fg; ghid nra;a KbAkh? murNdh mwptpy;yhjtd;. vd; jiyia ntl;b cUl;btpLthNd!” vd;whd;. “mz;Nz! ePjhNd Kjypy; vd; jiyia ntl;b cUl;l jpl;lk; Nghl;lha;. tpidia tpijj;jtd; tpidiaj;jhNd mWg;ghd;. Jzpfis ntSj;Jf; nfhz;L rptNd! vd;W ,Ue;j vd;id> ahidia ntSj;Jj;jUkhW murdplk; Nfhs;%l;bdha; my;yth> ehDk; xU njhopyhsp> ePAk; xU njhopyhsp. xU njhopyhsp rf njhopyhspf;F cjtp nra;tjh? jPq;F Guptjh?. mz;Nz! ehNk ek;kpy; xUtUf;nfhUtu; jPq;Fnra;J nfl;lij epidj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhy; ek; gyk; Fiwe;J vjpupfSf;fy;yth tha;g;ghfg; Ngha;tpLk;! ehLk; eyk; ngWkh? xUtUf;nfhUtu; ed;ikiar; nra;ahtpl;lhYk; jPikiaahtJ nra;ahky; ,Uf;f Ntz;lhkh? eP vd;

(ed;wp; :-“thupahupd; rpWfijfs;” - nja;tj;jpU jpUKUf fpUghde;j thupahu;)

Nghf;Fk; tuTk; ,uTk; gfYk; gwk;Gk; cs;Sk; thf;Fk; tbTk; KbTkpy; yhnjd;Wte;Jte;J jhf;FkNdhyae; jhNd jUk; vidj; jd;trj;Nj Mf;Fk; mWkfthnrhy; nyhzhjpe;jMde;jNk.! -fe;jh; myq;fhuk;.

ehnsd; nrAk;tpidjhndd; nrAk; vid ehbte;j Nfhnsd; nrAk;nfhLq; $w;Wvd; nrAk; FkNurh; ,U jhSk; rpyk;Gk; rjq;ifAk; jz;ilAk;rz; KfKk; NjhSk; flk;Gk; vdf;FKd; Ndte;JNjhd; wpbNd.! -fe;jh; myq;fhuk;. ïªJ xË

J®K» tUl« I¥gá

jpUg;Gfo; mkph;jk; je;j

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Kw;fhyj;jpy; jpUj;jyq;fspy; Myag;gzpf;fhfg; nghJ kfspiu epakpg;gJ kuG. xU rkak; jpUtz;zhkiy jpahNfrh; jpUj;jyj;jpy; cUj;jpufzpifah; Fyj;jtuhd KUfk;ik vd;gth; gzpahw;wpdhh;. ,th; rpwe;j ,iwgf;jpAk; rfy fiyQhdKk; fw; G newpAk; xUq; f ikaNt jk;gzpiar; rpwg;gpj;jhh;. xUehs; ,uT KUfg;ngUkhd; KUfk;ikapd; fdtpy; Njhd;wp “fw;gpw; rpwe;jtNs! thdth; Nghw;Wk; mw;Gjk; epiwe; j kfnthd; i w cdJ mfg; i gapy; mtjhpf; f r; nra;Nthk;” vdf; $wp kiwe;jUspdhh;. Kjypy; jkJ fw;G newp gw;wpaQ;rpa KUfk;ik vJte;jhYk; KUfg;ngUkhNd fhg;ghh; vd vz;zp cWjpg+z;lhs;. chpa fhyj; j py; ngz; k fnthd; i wg; ngw; n wLj; J mg; g ps; i sf; F Mjp vdg; n gahpl; L md; G ld; tsh; j ; J te; j hs; . ,t; t hW Ie; J tUlq; f s; fle; j d. xUehs; rz; K fg; n gUkhd; KUfk; i kapd; fdtpy; Njhd; w pg; “ngz;Nz! cd; kzp tapww ; py; xU rw;Gj;jpud; Njhd;Wthd;. mtdhy; kz; Z k; tpz; Z k; Jah; e P q ; f Ntjnewp jioj;Njhq;Fk;.ePAk; Kj;jp ,d;gk; ngWtha;” vdf; $wp kiwe;jUspdhh;. rz;Kfg;ngUkhdpd; ngUq;fUizahy; xU mofpa rw; G j; j puid KUfk; i k ngw; n wLj; j hs; . jd; kfd; mUizkiyapw; gpwe;jjhy; “mUzfphp” vdg; ngahpl;lhs;. ,U gps;isfSk; jhapd; mutizg;gpy; rpwg;ghf tsh;e;J te; j dh; . jdJ kfdpd; Ie; J tajpy; gs; s pg; gbg; i g Vw;gLj;jpdhs;. mUzfphp gs;spg; gbg;gpy; ehl;lkpd;wpj; jPa ez;gh;fSld; jPatopapy; gpuNtrpj;jhd;. mUzfphpapd; gd;dpuz;lhk; tajpy; KUfk;ik jd; ,Ugps;isfisAk; mioj;Jj; jd; FLk;g epiyiaAk; mth; f s; gpwe; j tpguq; f isAk; KUfg; n gUkhdpd; fUiz gw;wpAk; tpgukhf vLj;Jiuj;jhs;.NkYk; Mjpia Nehf; f p “cd; jk; g pf; F r; rNfhjhp kl; L ky; y jhahfTk; mutizj;Jf; fhg;ghw;w Ntz;Lk;” vd;whs;. rpwpJ fhyj;jpy; KUfk; i k ,aw; i fnaa; j pdhs; . gps; i sfs; ,UtUk; jFe;j ghJfhg;gpd;wp tsh;e;jdh;. rpWtajpdpNy fl;Lf; fhtypy;yhky; jPa ez;gh;fSld; Nrh;e;J miye;Jjphpe;j mUzfphpia NkYk; kdk;Nghd Nghf;fpy; Nghftpl KUfd; jpUTsk; nfhz;lhd;. Mz;bf; Nfhyj;jpy; mt;tg;NghJ te;J if epiwag; nghw;fhRfisj; je;Jjtpdhh;. ,t; t hW jP a el; g py; jd; i d ,izj; j mUzfphp gjpdhW taJg; gUtk; te;jJk; jdJ ,aw;if moFld; Mil mzpfspd; kpfg; ngWkjpahd myq;fhuq;fSld; clnyq;Fk; thridj;jputpaq;fisAk; g+rpf; nfhs;thh;. ngz; Nkhfk; nfhz;L tpiykhjh; trpf;Fk; njUtpy; gtdp tUthh;. ,thpd; RfNghf tho;tpy; KUfk;ikahy; Njb itf;fg;gl;L Mjpahy; guhkhpf;fg;gl;l rfy nry;tq;fSk; tpuakhfpd. ïªJ xË

(ed;wp:-ey;iyf; Fkud; kyh;-2009)

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khk‹w¢ brŒâfŸ rw;FU Nghjpehj Ntyd; RthkpfSf;F tuNtw;G epfo;T

rptj;jpU v];. Rg;gpukzpak; nrl;bahh; mth;fsJ mfit 90 - nfsutpg;G itgtk;

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

<oj;J Myaq;fs; -E}y; ntspaPl;L tpoh

nfhOk;gpy; rptNahf Rthkp jpUtb epiyak; jpwg;G tpoh.

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

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khk‹w¢ brŒâfŸ ey;Y}hpy; khkd;wj;jpd; rpwg;G tpw;gid fUkgPlk;.

khkd;wj;jpd; mDruizapy; `l;ldpy; etuhj;jpup nrhw;nghopT epfo;T

fle;j Mf];l; khjk; eilngw;w ey;Yhh; fe;jRthkp Mya kNfhw;rt fhyj;jpy; khkd;wk; rpwg;G tpw;gid fUkgPlj;ij ey;iy MjPd fyhkz;lgj;jpy; mikj;jpUe;jJ. ey;iy MjPd Kjy;th; ,Jtplaj;jpy; Njitahd xj;Jiog;igAk; cjtpfisAk; toq;fpapUe;jhh;. khkd;wj;jpd; Md;kPf ,johd ,e;J xsp cl;gl> khkd;wj;jpd; rfy ntspaPLfSk; ,q;F fhl;rpg;gLj;jg;gl;L tpw;gid nra;ag;gl;ld.

etuhj;jpup tpohit Kd;dpl;L mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wj;jpd; G+uz mDruizapYk; topfhl;lypYk; kj;jpa khfhzk; - `l;ld; tyaj;ijr; Nru;e;j,e;J rka>fy;tp tsu;r;rpg; gzp kd;wk;“NkYk; tsul;Lk; vkJ rkak;” vDk; epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpid Kd;ndLj;jpUe;jJ. ,jd; xU fl;lkhf> `l;ld; tyaj;Jf;Fl;gl;l `l;ld;> k];nfypah> nghfte;jyht> Nehl;ld;> ey;yjz;zPu; Mfpa gFjpfisr; Nru;e;j ghlrhiyfspy; Md;kPfr; nrhw;nghopTfs; elhj;jg;gl;ld. Md;kPf nrhw;nghopTfis rkanewptpj;jfu; nre;jkpo;r;nrhy;yUtp jpU. yyPrd; mtu;fSk;> aho;. gy;fiyf;fof tpupTiuahsu; jpU. ukzuh[h mtu;fSk;> fpof;Fg; gy;fiyf;fof tpupTiuahsu; jpU. thkd; mtu;fSk; toq;fpapUe;jhh;.khztu;fs; kj;jpapy; ,t;tifahd njhlu; nrhw;nghopTfs; elhj;Jtjd; Clhf mtu;fspd; rka tpopg;Gzu;Tk; rkag; gw;Wk; mjpfupj;J ew;gpuirfshf tho toptFf;Fk; vd mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk; ngUek;gpf;if nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,t; Md;kPf nrhw;nghopTfs; ,dptUq;fhyq;fspy; midj;J ,lq;fspYk; rkfhyj;jpy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl ,Uf;fpd;wd. vjpu;fhyq;fspy; ,t;thwhd nrhw;nghopTfs;> fUj;juq;Ffis epfo;j;j tpUk;Gk; ghlrhiyfs; mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wj;Jld; njhlh;Gnfhs;syhk;.



njhz;ilkhdhw;wpy; rptnjhz;lh; mzp cjak;. njhz;ilkhdhW nry;tr; re;epjp Mya mwnewpg; ghlrhiy khzth;fis rptnjhz;lh; mzpapy; ,izj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; epfo;T Myaj;jpd; kNfhw;rtfhy rg;gw cw;rt jpdkhd fle;j nrg;lk;gh; khjk; 14Mk; jpfjpad;W gpw;gfy; 3.00kzpastpy; Mya Kd;wypy; ,lk;ngw;wJ. khkd;w cgjiytUk; khkd;w ,e;J Muha;r;rp epiya nfsut ,af;FeUkhd irtQhdghD nrQ;nrhw;nry;th; fyhepjp MW.jpUKUfd; njhlf;f ciuahw;wp epfo;it Muk;gpj;J itj;jhh;. khkd;wj; jiyth; jpU.fe;ijah ePyfz;ld;> tuzp ,e;J ,isQh;kd;wj;ijr; Nrh;e;jtUk;> khkd;w rka tptfhuq;fs; FOtpd; nrayhsUkhd jpU. fh.,uh[;Nkhfd; MfpNahh; rpwg;Giuahw;wpdhh;fs;. khkd;w MNyhrfh; rpt=.v];.itj;jP];tuf; FUf;fs; MrpAiu toq;fpaJld; mwnewpg;ghlrhiy khzth;fis MrPh;tjpj;J rptnjhz;lh; mzpapy; ,izj;Jf; nfhz;lhh;. rptnjhz;lh; mzpapy; ,izj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gl;l gps;isfSf;F> ,yz;ldpypUe;J tUif je;jpUe;j jpU. Nt.rptRe;juk; khkd;wj;jpd; mg;gpahrg; Gj;jfq;fis toq;fpdhh;. gUj;jpj;Jiw gpuNjr nrayfj;jpd; ,e;J fyhrhu cj;jpNahfj;jh; jpUkjp gpugh nry;t&gd; mth;fSk; ,e;j epfo;tpy; fye;Jnfhz;lhh;. nry;tr; re;epjp Mya mwnewpg;ghlrhiy mjpgh; jpUkjp jkpo;r;nry;tp kjpaofd; ed;wpAiuahw;wpdhh;.



aho;. gy;fiyf;fof khztu;fspd; nfhiy khkd;wj;jpd; fz;ldk; aho;. kz;zpy; gy;fiyf;fof khztu;fs; ,Uth; fle;j 20-10-2016 tpahof;fpoik es;spuT nghyprhuhy; Rl;Lf; nfhy;yg;gl;l nfh^ukhd rk;gtj;ijf; Nfs;tpAw;W ,e;J khkd;wk; mjpu;r;rpAk; NtjidAk; miltJld;> ,yq;if tho; ,e;J kf;fs; rhu;gpy; td;ikahd fz;ldj;ijAk;; njuptpj;Jf; nfhs;Sfpd;wJ. ,r; rk;gtk; njhlu;ghf cupa tprhuizia cld; Nkw;nfhz;L> ,jd; #j;jpujhupfis ePjpapd; Kd;dpWj;jpj; jFe;j jz;lid toq;f Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thwhd epfo;Tfs; kPz;Lk; ,e;ehl;bd; vg;gFjpapYk; eilngwhky; ,Ug;gjid cWjpnra;AkhW mjpNkjF [dhjpgjp> khz;GkpF gpujkke;jpup> ey;yhl;rp muR MfpNahiu ,yq;iftho; ,e;J kf;fs; rhu;gpy; ,e;J khkd;wk; Ntz;bf; nfhs;fpd;wJ. vkJ kf;fspd; kdj;Jbg;ig cupa ,lq;fSf;nfy;yhk; vLj;Jr; nrhy;Yk; vkJ ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu;fSk; ,J tplaj;jpy; cupa eltbf;ifia Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;LnkdTk; khkd;wk; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;Sfpd;wJ. ,e;ehl;by; thOk; xt;nthU gpui[Ak; ,d> kj NtWghLfSf;fg;ghy; rl;lg; ghJfhg;Gld; tho tifnra;a Ntz;LnkdTk; typAWj;jpf; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;Sfpd;Nwhk;. 22-10-2016



njhz;ilkhdhW nry;tr; re;epjp Myaj;jpd; khkd;wj;jpd; rpwg;G tpw;gid fUkgPlk;. fle;j nrg;lk;gh; khjk; eilngw;w njhz;ilkhdhW nry;tr; re;epjp KUfd; Mya kNfhw;rt fhyj;jpy; khkd;wk; rpwg;G tpw;gid fUkgPlj;ij mikj;jpUe;jJ. nrg;lk;gh; 14Mk; jpfjp Kjy; 16Mk; jpfjp tiuapyhd %d;W jpdq;fs; mjhtJ rg;gwk;> Njh;> jPh;j;j cw;rt ehl;fspy; Nkw;gb tpw;gid fUkgPlk; nraw;gl;lJ. nry;tr; re;epjp Mya tlf;F tPjpapy; ru];tjp Njtp Myaj;jpw;F gpd;dhy; mikf;fg;gl;bUe;j Nkw;gb rpwg;G tpw;gid fUkgPlj;jpy; khkd;wj;jpd; rfy ntspaPLfSk; fhl;rpg;gLj;jg;gl;L tpw;gid nra;ag;gl;ld.

ïªJ xË

J®K» tUl« I¥gá

khk‹w¢ brŒâfŸ

khkd;wj;jpd; mQ;ryp jkpo;ehL> jpUg;gde;jhs;> = fhrp klj;jpd; ,iz mjpguhd =y= =kj; Re;ju%u;j;jp jk;gpuhd; Rthkpfs; kiwT

mEuhjGuk; = Kj;Jkhupak;kd; Myaj; jhf;Fjy;; njhlu;ghf khkd;wk; fz;ldk; mEuhjGuk;> Njtek;gpajp];]Gu> ePuhtpab = Kj;Jkhupak;kd; Myaj;jpw;Fs; Eioe;j fhilau; Nfh\;bnahd;W mq;F itj;J xUtiu thshy; ntl;b> ,Uk;Gf; fk;gpahy; jhf;fpaJld;> %y];jhdj;jpypUe;j ehfjk;gpuhd; rpiyiaAk; mbj;J cilj;Js;s F&ukhd rk;gtk; ,k; khjk; 10Mk; jpfjp Mya G+ir eilngw;w Ntisapy; gf;ju;fs; Kd;dpiyapy; eilngw;Ws;sij gj;jpupiffs; thapyhf mwpe;J khkd;wk; jdJ Mo;e;j NtjidiaAk;> fz;ldj;ijAk; njuptpj;Jf;nfhs;fpwJ.

jkpo;ehL> jQ;ir khtl;lk; jpUg;gde;jhs; = fhrp klj;jpd; ,iz mjpguhf njhz;lhw;wp te;j =y= =kj; Re;ju%u;j;jp jk;gpuhd; Rthkpfs; fle;j nrg;lk;gh; 19Mk; jpfjpad;W rkhjpaile;jhh;. rkag; gzpfSld;> rKjhaf; flikfisAk; Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;tJk;> mt;thwhd nraw;ghLfSf;F Kd;dpd;W ciog;gJk; MjPdq;fspd; Kf;fpa gq;fhfpwJ. mt;topapy; jkpo;ehL MjPdq;fspy; Fwpg;gpl;Lr; nrhy;yf;$batw;wpy; jQ;rhT+u; khtl;lj;jpYs;s jpUg;gde;jhs; fhrp klKk; xd;whFk;.

,e;J kf;fspd; topghl;L jyq;fSf;Fs; mj;JkPwp EiotijAk;> Gdpj tpf;fpufq;fis mbj;J cilg;gijAk; nghWf;f KbahJ. ,t;thwhd kjFNuhjkhd eltbf;iffs; jw;NghJs;s ey;yhl;rpapYk; njhlu;tijapl;L vkJ td;ikahd fz;ldj;ij kPz;Lk; njuptpf;f tpUk;Gfpd;Nwhk;.

etPdfhy njhopy;El;gj;jhy; cyfk; vt;tsT Kd;NdwpapUe;jhYk; kdpj tho;ifapd; MzpNtuhf Md;kPfNk cs;sJ vd;gij vLj;Jf; fhl;LtNj MjPdq;fshFk;. nka;Qhdj;jpy; $wg;glhj vijAk; tpQ;Qhdk; fz;Lgpbf;ftpy;iy. ,jid Md;kPf uPjpahf kdpj Fyj;jpw;F czu;j;jpa rkahrhupahu;fSs; = fhrp klj;jpd; ,iz mjpguhftpUe;j =y= =kj; Re;ju%u;j;jp jk;gpuhd; RthkpfSk; xUtuhthu;. khdpltho;tpy; cs;s ehd;F Mr;rpukg; gbepiyfspy; gpuk;kr;rhupa gbapy; tho;ehs; KOtJk; ,Ue;J njhz;lhw;wpa kfhdhf ,tu; Nghw;wg;gLfpd;whu;.

,t;thwhd rk;gtq;fs; njhlu;ghff; fle;j fhyq;fspy; gy jlitfs; mjpNkjF [dhjpgjp khz;GkpF gpujku; kw;Wk; mikr;ru;fs; MfpNahupd; ftdj;jpw;Ff; nfhz;Lte;Js;Nshk;. vdpDk; ,t;thwhd eltbf;iffs; njhlu;e;j tz;zNkAs;sik ,e;J kf;fspd; kdijg;Gz;gLj;Jk; nray;. rfy kjq;fSk; ,e;j ehl;by; ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; ,g;gbahd rk;gtq;fs; njhlu;ghf NkYk; jhkjpahJ eltbf;if vLg;gjd; %yk; ,t;thwhd kj mopg;G eltbf;iffis fl;Lg;gLj;JkhWk; mjpNkjF [dhjpgjp> khz;GkpF gpujku; kw;Wk; mur jiytu;fis kPz;Lk; typAWj;jpf; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpd;Nwhk;.

mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wj;Jld; neUq;fpa cwtpidg; Ngzpte;j =kj; Re;ju%u;j;jp jk;gpuhd; Rthkpfs; ehk; Ntz;Lk;Nghnjy;yhk; vkf;Fj; Njitahd mwpTiufis toq;fpte;jtu;. fle;j tUlk; (2015) Vg;uy; khjk; 5Mk; jpfjpad;W gk;gyg;gpl;b ru];tjp kz;lgj;jpy; ,e;J khkd;wj;jhy; xOq;F nra;ag;gl;bUe;j “ A Compendium for Hindus” vd;w E}ypd; ntspaPl;L tpohtpy; Rthkpfs; fye;J nfhz;L mUSiutoq;fpaNjhL MrpfisAk; toq;fpdhu;.

,r;rk;gtj;jhy; Nrjkile;j tpf;fpufq;fSf;Fg; gjpyhf Gjpa tpf;fpufq;fis toq;fTk; ,jdhy; Myaj;jpw;F Vw;gl;l NtW Nrjq;fis Gduikf;fTk; khkd;wk; jahuhf cs;sJ. ,Jgw;wp Mya epu;thfj;ijj; njhlu;Gnfhz;L eltbf;if vLg;Nghk;. ,g;gbahd kj FNuhjr; nray;fisj; jLj;J nghUj;jkhd FiwNfs;-mjpfhup (Ombudsman) %yk; eltbf;ifia vLf;Fk;gb [dhjpgjpia gfpuq;fkhf kPz;Lk; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpd;Nwhk;.(13.10.2016)

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Rthkpfspd; kiwT khkd;wj;jpw;F ngUk; ,og;ghFk;. ,Ug;gpDk;> mtu; ,g;G+Tyf tho;f;ifia KbTwr; nra;J rkhjp epiyaile;jijapl;L ,e;J kf;fs; rhu;gpy; mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk; jdJ mQ;rypiaj; njuptpj;Jf; nfhs;fp;wJ.

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khk‹w¢ brŒâfŸ rpWghd;ikapdhpd; chpikfs; kw;Wk; gpur;ridfSf;fhd I. eh. tpNrl mwpf;ifahsh; jpUkjp ,\hf; uPl;lh mth;;fis nfhOk;G I. eh. jiyik mYtyfj;jpy; re;jpj;J 17.10.2016 md;W mfpy ,yq;if ,e;Jkhkd;wj; jiyth; jpU. fe;ijah ePyfz;ld; ,yq;iftho; ,e;J kf;fs; vjph;Nehf;Fk; gpur;ridfis vLj;Jiuj;jhu;. 01. ,yq;if ,e;Jkd;w mikg;GfspdJk; Mya ek;gpf;if nghWg;GfspdJk; xd;wpakhfTk; mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk; 60 Mz;Lfshf ,aq;fptUfpwJ. ehq;fs; Xu; murpay; rhu;gw;w epWtdk;. vdpDk; ,e;j ehl;L ,e;Jkf;fs; gpur;rpidfisAk; f~;lq;fisAk; vjpu;nfhs;sNtz;b Vw;gl;l re;ju;g;gq;fspnyy;yhk; mtu;fspd; rhu;gpy; Fuy;nfhLf;ff; flikg;gl;bUe;jikahy; Fuy;nfhLj;J te;jpUf;fpNwhk;. 02. ,e;j ehl;L kf;fs; midtUk; rk cupikfSlDk; Rje;jpuj;JlDk; vt;tpj ghFghLfSkpd;wpAk; tho;tij khz;GkpF [dhjpgjp mtu;fs; cWjpg;gLj;Jthnud;W ek;gpf;if itj;Nj fle;j 2015 [dtup khjj;jpy; mtUf;F thf;fspj;J mtiu ,e;j ehl;bd; [dhjpgjpahf kf;fs;; njupT nra;jdu;. khz;GkpF [dhjpgjp mtu;fs; gjtpNaw;w Ntisapy; gpd;tUk; mtru tplaq;fisj; mtupd;; ftdj;jpw;Ff; nfhz;L te;jpUe;Njhk;;. i. tlf;F fpof;F khfhzq;fspy; ,lk;ngah;e;j kf;fs; eyd;Gup epiyaq;fs; vd;W nrhy;yg;gLk; ,lq;fspy; Jaupy; thbf;nfhz;bUf;fpwhu;fs;. mtu;fs; jq;fspd; nrhe;j ,y;yq;fSf;Fj; jpUk;gpj; jq;fspd; ,lq;fspy; thOk; Rje;jpuk; gwpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. mtu;fs; jq;fspd; ,y;yq;fSf;Fj; jpUk;gpj; jq;fspd; nrhe;j ,lq;fspy; trpg;gjw;F topnra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. mJ mtu;fspd; mbg;gil cupik. mj;jpahtrpag; nghUl;fisAk; trjpfisAk; mtu;fSf;F toq;f toptif nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. mJ jw;NghJ epWj;jg;gl;bUf;fpwJ> jtwhdjhFk;. mtu;fs; grpahy; thLfpwhu;fs;. ,e;ehl;bd; ve;j xU gpui[Ak; grpahy;thl khz;GkpF [dhjpgjp mtu;fs; mDkjpf;fkhl;lhu; vd ehq;fs; ek;GfpNwhk;. ii. kf;fshy; njupT nra;ag;gl;l tlkhfhzrig vt;tpj ,ilA+Wfspd;wpAk;> jhkjq;fspd;wpAk; ,aq;Ftjw;F toptFf;f Ntz;Lk;. iii ,e;J Myaq;fspy; MAjg;gilfSk; njhy;nghUshuha;r;rpj; jpizf;fsKk; jiyapl;L Mf;fpukpg;gJk;> jilfis Vw;gLj;JtJk; ,e;ehl;by; thOk; ,e;Jf;fspd; kjcupikia czu;itg; ghjpg;gpw;Fk; Mgj;Jf;FKs;shf;Ftij cldbahf epWj;j Ntz;Lk;. ïªJ xË

iv. ,Jtiu fhyKk; vt;tpj rl;l eltbf;iffNsh tprhuizfNsh ,d;wpr; rpiwfspy; thLk; rfy murpaw; ifjpfisAk; cld; tpLjiy nra;a eltbf;if vLf;f Ntz;Lk;. 03. ehq;fs; gpujpepjpj;Jtk; nra;Ak; gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd ,e;Jkf;fs; ,d;Dk; gy gpur;rpidfshy; thLfpd;wdu;. mtu;fspw; ngUk;ghd;ikapdu; jkpo;kf;fs; vd;gjidf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. jkpo;NgRk; ,isQu;fs; [dehafj;jpy; ek;gpf;ifapoe;J td;Kiwia ehbaikf;Ff; fhuzkhf jkpo; kf;fSf;F ,iof;fg;gl;l mePjpfNs ,Ue;jd. vdNt jhq;fs; tpNkhrdk; ngWtjw;F XNuxU top MAjg; Nghuhl;lNk vd mtu;fs; ek;gNtz;ba epiyNaw;gl;lJ vd;gjid ,e;j ehl;bd; tuyhw;W Kd;Ndw;wq;fspid rupahfg; ghu;g;gtu;fs; vtUk; kWf;fKbahJ. me;jg; Nghuhl;lj;ij mNj td;Kiwapy; gjpyb nfhLj;J mg; Nghuhl;lj;ij eRf;f Kw;gl;likNa ,e;j ehl;by; ,uj;jf;fsup Vw;gLk; epiyia Vw;gLj;jpaJ. me;j epiyapy; jhd;; [dehafk; Njhy;tpaile;Jtpl;ljh vDk; tpdh vOe;jJ. ,e;j ehl;bd; ehd;F rkaq;fisAk; Nghjpg;gtu;fs;$l ,e;j ehl;ilr; rupahd ghijapy; vLj;Jr;nry;yj; jtwptpl;lhu;fs; vdf; Fiw$wg;gLfpwhu;fs;. 04. ,e;jg; gpd;dzpapy;jhd; ntspehLfspd; jiyaPL jtpu;f;fKbahjjhfp> n[dPthj; jPu;khdj;ij ,yq;ifAk; ,ize;J Kd;itj;J mJ epiwNtw;wg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. ,g;NghJ murhq;fk; vd;d nra;a Ntz;Lk;?. murpaw; jiyikfs; ePjpahfTk; epahakhfTk; ele;jpUe;jhy; ,e;j n[dPthj; jPu;khdj;jpw;fhd mtrpak; Vw;gl;bUf;fhJ. 05. murpaw; jiyikfs;> kjq;fs; Nghjpj;jikf;fika nraw;glhj kjj;jiytu;fs;> MfpNahu; ghjpf;fg;gl;l vkJ kf;fis Nehf;fpf; fle;jfhyj;ij kwf;FkhW $Wtjd;%yk; mtw;Wf;Fg; nghWg;ghdtu;fis mjd; tpisTfspypUe;J fhg;ghw;w Kayf; $lhJ. vy;yhr; rkaj; jiytu;fSf;Fk; cupa kupahij nrYj;Jk; mNjNtis> ,e;Jkf;fs; rhhu;gpy; ehq;fs; mtu;fs; vy;NyhUf;Fk;; vg;NghJk; tpLf;Fk; Ntz;LNfhs;:- “fle;j fhyj;jpd; nfhLikfspdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fSf;F tpNkhrde;ju ,e;j ey;nyz;z murhq;fj;jpw;F mwpTiu nfhLq;fs;. kj ,d murpay; Kjypa rfy NtWghLfSf;Fk; Nkyhf cau;e;J xU murpaw;fdthdhfg; gzpGupa khz;GkpF [dhjpgjp mtu;fis Cf;FtpAq;fs;. jpU.ikj;jpupghy rpwpNrd mtu;fs; Xu; murpay;thjpahf ,Ue;jpUf;fyhk;. Mdhy; [dehaf ,yq;iff; Fbaurpd; [dhjpgjp Xu; murpaw;fdthdhfj; jpfoNtz;Lk;. jpU.rpwpNrdh 37

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tplak; . kP z ; L k; kP z ; L k; murpaw; ifjpfs; cz;zhtpujk; ,Uf;fpwhu;fs;> mtu;fSf;fhf kf; f Sk; NghuhLfpwhu; f s; . vdNt mth; f is cldbahf tpLjiy nra; a ru; t Njr r%fk; typAWj;j Ntz;Lk;.

Xu; rpq;fs ngsj;juhf ,Uf;fyhk; Mdhy; khz;GkpF [dhjpgjp Xh; ,yq;ifah; Xu; ,yq;ifah; kl;LNk. mth; rfy kf;fspd; cupikfisAk; ghJfhf;f Ntz;Lk;. me;jepiy Vw;gLj;jg;gLk; tiu Njrpa ey;ypzf;fk; vd;gjidg; NgRtjpy; gadpy;iy.

vii. f p u h k g ; G w q ; f s p y ; g y , e ; J M y a q ; f s ; Aj; j fhyg; g FjpapYk; gpd; d Uk; jpl; l kpl; L mopf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. mit GdUj;jhuhzk; nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. mjw;fhf murhq;fk; cupa eltbf;iffis vLf;f ru;tNjr r%fk; typAWj;j Ntz;Lk;. viii. ‘kpul;lYld; Jd;GWj;jpNa xg;Gjy; thf;F%yk; ngwg; g l; l J’ vdr; rl; l itj; j pa mjpfhup cWjpg; g Lj; ; j pAk; Xh; ,e; J kj FUtpw; F 300 tUlq; f s; rpiwj; j z; l id toq; f g; g lLs; s nfhLikgw; w p gy jlitfs; [dhjpgjpapd; ftdj;jpw;Ff; nfhz;L nrd;wpUf;fpNwhk;. mJ rk;ge;jkhf ,uf;fj;JldhtJ ftdpf;fg;glhjJ Ntjidf;FupajhFk;. ,J rk;ge;jkhf [dhjpgjpiar; re;jpf;f ,e;Jf; FUkhu;fs; xU re;jpg;igf; NfhupapUe;jdh;. mjw;Ff;$l re;ju;g;gk; toq;fg;gltpyi ; y. Njrpa xUikg;ghL> ey;ypzf;f mYtyf jiytu; jpUkjp re;jpupfh gz;lhuehaf;f FkhuJq;f mtu;fis ehq;fSk; ,e;Jf; FUkhUk; re;jpj;J ,J gw;wp vLj;Jiuj;Jk; me;j ,e;Jkj FUtpw;F ,d;Dk; ePjp fpilf;ftpy;iy

06. ,Wjpahf> khz;GkpF [dhjpgjp mth;fsplk;> gpd;tUk;; tplaq;fs; rk;ge;jkhf vq;fs; tpz;zg;gq;fisr; rkh;g;gpj;jpUe;Njhk;;. mtw;iw kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; typAWj;j tpUk;Gfpd;Nwhk;> i. vkJ kf;fspd; gpur;rpidfisj; jPh;j;J mth;fSf;F tpNkhrdk; nfhLf;fTk;. ,e;j ehl;fspy; Njrpa ey;ypzf;fk; rk;ge;jkhfg; gy tpje;Jiug;Gfisf; Nfl; f pd; N whk; . ,d; D k; ghFghl; L lNdNa elj; j g; g Lk; kf; f s; Njrpa ey; y pzf; f k; vd th; z pf; f g; g Ltijg; ; gw; w pr; rpe; j pf; f ,d; D k; Maj;jk; ,y;iy ii. mth;fs; jq;fs; nrhe;jf; fhzpfSf;Fj; jpUk;g Ntz;Lk;> jq;fspd; nrhe;j ,y;yq;fspy; thOk; mbg; g il cupik mth; f Sf; F toq; f g; g l Ntz;Lk; iii. Aj;jj;jpd; nfh^ug;gpbf;Fs; mfg;gl;L mq; f tP d u; f shfpNahu; > cly; t Yf; Fd; w pa kf; f s; > gps; i sfis ,oe; j ngw; N whh; f s; > fztd;khu;fis ,oe;j ,y;yj;jurpfs; MfpNahu; njhlu;gpy; tpNrl nraw;wpl;lk; xd;wpid Vw;gLj;jp mjD}lhf mtu;fSf;F tpNkhrdk; toq;fg;gl Ntz; L k; vd; W Nfhupf; i f tpLj; j pUe; N jhk; . Mdhy; mJ njhlu; g pYk; ,Jtiu ve; j nthU eltbf;ifiaAk; murhq;fk; vLf;ftpy;iy. iv. Gjpa muR gjtpNaw; w 2015,d; Kjw; gj; J khjq; f spy; 407 nfhiyfs; > 107 td; i kr; nray;fs;> 208 flj;jy;fs;> 3259 nfhs;isfs;. vy; y hf; Fw; w thspfisAk; rl; l j; j pd; Kd; (rl; l q; f Sf; F j; Njitahd jpUj; j q; f isr; nra;jhtJ) epWj;jpj; jz;bf;f eltbf;if vLf;f Ntz;Lk;. mNjNtis ,sk; rKjhaj;jpdUf;F rkaq;fspd; Nghjidfisg; gug;gp mth;fsplk; kj czh;it Vw;gLj;j mtu;fis ey;topg;gLj;j rfy kjepWtdq;fSf;Fk; cjtNtz;Lk;.

ix. t l f ; F > f p o f ; F k h f h z q ; f s p y ; m u r MAjg; g ilfshYk; > ngsj; j FUkhupdhYk; mg; g puNjr ,uhZtj; j pdupd; Neubahd xj;Jiog;GlDk;> ngsj;ju;fNs ,y;yhj gFjpfspy; ngsj;j tpfhiufs; mikg;gJk;> mg; gpuNjrq;fspy; cs;s ,e;Jf; Nfhapy;fSf;F mr;RWj;jy; tpLtJk; jhf;Fjy; elhj;JtJk; njhlu; fijahfNt cs;sJ. ,e; eltbf;ifahdJ tlf;F fpof;F jkpo; kf;fspd; ,dg;guk;giy jpl;lkpl;L mopf;f vLf;fg;gLk; xU ,d mopg; G eltbf; i fahfNt midtuhYk; mtjhdpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,r; nraw;ghLfs; midj;Jk; vk; kf;fs; kj;jpapy; fLk; tprdj;ijAk; ntWg;Gzu;itAk; mjpfupj;J tUtJld; > ,t; Mf; f pukpg; G r; nraw; g hLfs; ey;ypzf;fj;ijAk; ,e; ehl;bd; rkhjhdj;ijAk; ghjpj;J ehl;il kPz;LnkhU fr;g;ghd fhyj;jpw;F js;sptplhJ cupa eltbf;iffs; vLf;Fk;gbAk; typAWj;JfpNwhk;.

v. murpayikg;Gr; rhrdj;jpd; ruj;J 12 (2) ,d;gb ve;j xUgpui[Ak; rkaj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; ghFghl;Lld; elj;jg;glf;$lhJ vd;W $wpdhYk;> ,e;Jrka QhapW mwnewpg; ghlrhiyfs; khw; w he; j ha; kdg;ghq;Fld;jhd; elj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,f;Fiw epth;j;jp nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;.

07. n[dPthj; jPu;khdk;gw;wp vd;d eltbf;if vLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gjid murpaw; jiyikf;F vLj;Jf;$w Ntz;Lk; vd kPz;Lk; Rl;bf;fhl;l tpUk;GfpNwhk;. ,t; tplaj;jpy; rkaj;jiytu;fspd; <LghL ,Uf;ff; $lhJ> <LglTk; KbahJ. mt;thW kjj; jiytu;fspd; <LghL ,Uf;Fkhapd; ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fSf;fhd jPu;T epahakhdjhf ,Uf;fhJ vd;gJk; vk;; kf;fspd; fUj;jhFk;.

vi. murpay; ifjpfs; rpiwfspy; thLfpwhh;fs;. guzfk Mizf;FO$lj; jdJ ,ilepiy mwpf;ifapy; murpaw;ifjpfs; rk;ge;jkhd rl;leltbf;iffs;; Jupjg; g Lj; j g; g l Ntz; L k; my; y J mth; f s; kd; d pg; G (amnesty) nfhLf; f g; g l; L tpLjiy nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk; vdr; rpghh;R nra;jpUe;Jk; mJ rk;ge;jkhd eltbf;if MikNtfj;jpNyNa efh; t J Jujp~; l trkhd Ntjidf; F upa ïªJ xË

08. ngUk;ghd;ikapdj;jtupdhy; Xu; murpay; mikg;ig jkpo; kf;fs; kPJ jpzpg;gJ [dehafkhfhJ. 38

J®K» tUl« I¥gá

09. kiyafj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; rpy ghlrhiyfspy; cau;jug; gpuptpy; jkpo; nkhop %ykhd ghlf; fw;if newpfs; ,y;yhikapdhy; mg;gpuNjr kw;Wk; may; gpuNjr khztu;fs; kpFe;j rpukj;jpw;Fs;shtJld;> ntspkhtl;l khztu;fs; ,e;j tha;g;gpidg; gad;gLj;jp jtwhd Kiwapy; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpw;Fj; njupthfp kiyaf khztu;fspd; gy;fiyf;fof tha;g;gpidj; jl;bg;gwpf;Fk; epiyAk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. vdNt cupa ghlrhiyfspy; jkpo; nkhop%ykhd cau;ju ghlf; fw;if newpfis cld; mKyhf;fp mk; khztu;fspd; rpwe;j vjpu;fhyj;jpw;F toprikf;fTk; ,e;j murhq;fk; cld; eltbf;if vLf;f Ntz;Lk; vdTk; Nfhupf;if tpLj;jpUe;Njhk;. mJtiu Etnuypah khtl;lj;jpd; fy;tpg; nghJj; juhju cau;ju tFg;gpd; tpQ;Qhd> fzpjg; gpupT jkpo; khztu;fs; Etnuypahtpy; fy;tp fw;f mDkjpf;f Ntz;Lk;. mJ mtu;fspd; mbg;gil cupik vdTk; typAWj;jpf; $Wfpd;Nwhk;.

10. fy;tp> fyhrhuk;> nghUshjhu tsq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jtjpy;> gilfspd; MlNru;g;gpy;> mur gjtpfspd; Ml;Nru;g;gpy; vd ,d;Dk; ,d-kj FNuhj nraw;ghLfs; eilngWfpd;wJ. ,it cld; eptu;j;jp nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. 11. ,e;jg; gpd;dzpapy;> [dehaf topapYk; jq;fspw;F ve;jtpj epthuzKk; fpilf;Fk; vd;w ek;gpf;ifia ,oe;j fhuzzj;jpdhy; ru;tNjrk;jhd; jq;fspw;F epthuzk; Njbj;jUtu; vd;w ek;gpf;ifapy; ,yq;ifj; jkpo; kf;fs; tho;fpwhu;fs;.

fe;ijah ePyfz;ld; jiytu; mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk;

 jPghtspj; jpUehis Kd;dpl;L mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk; tpLj;Js;s mwpf;if ehk; fle;j fhyj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;lJNghy; ,e;ehl;by; Ml;rp khw;wk; Vw;gl;lhYk; jPghtspiaf; fspg;Gld; nfhz;lhLk; epiy ,t;thz;Lk; vk;kf;fSf;Ff; fpl;ltpy;iynad;gNj ajhu;j;jkhf cs;sJ.

jPu;itg; ngw;Wj;juhky; nrhj;Jr; Rfnky;yhk; ,oe;J eilgpzq;fshf thOk; vkJ kf;fSf;F mtu;fshy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba murpay; jPu;nthd;iwj; juhky; ,jidj; Njrpag;gz;bifahff; nfhz;lhLkhW Nfl;f KbahJ.

jPghtspia Njrpa gz;bifahff; nfhz;lhl murhq;fk; jpl;lk; jPl;Ltjhf Clfq;fs; thapyhf mwpe;Njhk;. ,e;epiyapy; ,yq;if ,e;J kd;w mikg;Gf;fspdJk; Mya ek;gpf;ifg; nghWg;Gf;fspdJk; xd;wpakhf> ,e;Jf;fspd; cr;r epWtdkhfj; jpfOk; “mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk;” ,e;J kf;fspd; epiyg;ghl;il vLj;Jf;fhl;l flikg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.

Aj;jj;jhy; nfhd;WFtpf;fg;gl;l mg;ghtp kf;fspd; fhaj;ij Mw;Wtjw;fhf ru;tNjr tprhuizia elhj;jp mtu;fSf;fhd kd MWjiy nfhLf;FkhWk;, mk;kf;fis mtu;jk; Jau epiyfspy; ,Ue;J Kw;whf ntspf; nfhzUkhWk;> mtu;fspd; mgpyhi\fis epiwNtw;WkhWk;> mtu;jk; nrhe;j kz;zpy; epk;kjpahf tho topnra;AkhWk; muirf; Nfl;Lf;nfhs;Sfpd;Nwhk;.

jPghtspad;W ,iwtid epidj;J topgl;L ,g;Gdpj ed;dhspy; ,e;Jkf;fs; jkJ Md;kPfg;ghij jtwhJ ,iwtopghl;by; <Lgl Ntz;Lnkd;gNj vkJ Ntz;LNfhshFk;. ,JNt> vkJ kf;fs; nrhy;nyhzhj; Jd;gq;fisr; re;jpj;j Nghnjy;yhk; JzpTld; vjpu;ePr;ry; NghLk; ijupaj;ij vk;kf;fSf;Ff; nfhLj;J te;jpUf;fpwJ.

ehk; ,e;ehl;bYs;s jkpo; kf;fSf;fhf tpNrlkhf ,e;J kf;fSf;fhff; Fuy; nfhLf;f vd;Wk; jaq;Ftjpy;iy. vdNt khz;GkpF [dhjpgjp> nfsut gpujk ke;jpup mtu;fNs! ehk; Rl;bf;fhl;ba vk;kf;fspd; Mjq;fj;ij eptu;j;jp nra;Aq;fs;. jhq;fs; ifNfhu;j;J Kd;dfu;j;Jk; ey;yhl;rpapy; vkJ kf;fspw;fhd tpbT fpilf;f Ntz;Lk;-fpilf;Fk; vd vk;kf;fs; ek;Gfpd;wdu;. mJtiu vk;kf;fs; jPghtspg; gz;bifia ,iw topghl;Lld; mikjpahf nfhz;lhl Ntz;LNk xopa Njrpa gz;bifahff; nfhz;lhl Kbahnjd;gijAk; tUj;jj;Jld; njuptpf;fpd;Nwhk;.

rpiwapy; thLk; vkJ cld; gpwg;Gf;fis tpLjiy nra;ahJ ,f;nfhz;lhl;lq;fis Kd;ndLf;f ,e;J kf;fs; jahuhftpy;iy. njhlu;e;Jk; Kfhk;fspy; nrhy;nyhzhj; Jauj;Jld; thOk; vk;kf;fis mtu;fspd; nrhe;j ,lq;fspy; kPs;Fbaku;j;jptpl;L jPghtspiaj; Njrpa gz;bifahff; nfhz;lhl muR MNyhrpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

fe;ijah ePyfz;ld; jiytu;

fhzhky; NghNdhu; njhlu;ghf mtu;fis ,oe;J JbJbj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; FLk;gj;jpdUf;F rupahd ïªJ xË

Nt. fe;jrhkp nghJr; nrayhsu; (24-10-2016)

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ïªj¢ RlÇš...

jpUKUfhw;Wg;gil nrhy;Yk; KUfdpd; KOKjw; jd;ik

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jPghtsp - xsp topghl;bd; cl;nghUs; tpsf;fk;

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Deepawali Around the World

Nfjhunfsup tpuj kfj;Jtk;

fe;jr\;b tpujKk; mjd; kfpikAk;

fe;jr\;b tpuj mD\;lhdq;fSk;>

tpjpKiwfSk;

#urq;fhu jj;Jtk;

jpUKUfhw;Wg;gil nrhy;Yk; KUfdJ Ntypd; rpwg;G

jpUr;nre;Jhh; jpUg;Gfo;

Ig;grp khjr; rpwg;Gk; kfpikAk; - rpy Fwpg;G

jpUg;Gfopy; irtrpj;jhe;jf; fUj;Jf;fs;

irtj;jpd; fhtyh; ehtyh;

Nty;KUfidg; Nghw;Wk ;Nahfh; Rthkpfs;

gy;Jiwg; gzpahsuhfg; Nghw;wg;gLk;

Rthkp tpGyhde;ju;

nghwhik nfhbJ

jpUg;Gfo; mkph;jk; je;j mUzfphpehjh;

khk‹w¢ brŒâfŸ

jpUKUfhw;Wg;gil nrhy;Yk; KUfdpd; KOKjw; jd;ik 40

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fe;jh; ntz;gh fw;whhpd; fw;fz;NlfhKWthh; fw;gfNk nrhw;gjj;Jf; fg;ghyhk; NrhjpaNdrw;FUtha; cynfyhk; ca;acte;jhSk; fe;jh myfpyhepd;ghjk; msp.

Kj;jkpohy; itjhh;f;Fk; Kd;dpd;WMrhdha; tpj;ijgynrhy;Yk; Nty;Nte;Nj-,j;jyj;jpy; cd; ePoy; xd;wd;wpca;topNtWz;Nlh nghd;dhdghjk; Gf.

nrk;gtsNkdpaNdnrq;ifapd; NtytNd mk;gyj;jhh; fz;zpd; mUl;nghwpNa - ,k;gh; gpukk;vdepd;WNgh; ,d;gnewpfhl;b mutizj;Jmd;gha; mUs;.

kz;zpy; kyuhjkhf;flk;ge; jhh;fko;e;J tpz;nzyhk; tPRk; tpiuehw;wk;-rz;Kfdhh; Njd;Gfiof; nfhz;Nlhbjpf;nfyhk; fhl;Lk; thd;Gfo; md;NgaJthk;. (ed;wp:- KUfhde;jk;

ïªJ xË

J®K» tUl« I¥gá

24-09-2016 md;W eilngw;w “<oj;J Myaq;fs; - ghfk; 1” E}y; ntspaPlL ; epfo;tpd; gjpTfs;

jpU. jpUkjp NrhkNrfud; jk;gjpapdu; kq;fs tpsf;Nfw;Wfpd;whu;fs;.

ee;jpf; nfhbNaw;wy;-rptj;jpU v];.Rg;gpukzpak; nrl;bahu;

jpUkjp rhe;jp ehTf;furd; mtu;fs; E}iy ntspapl;L itf;fpwhu;fs;

jiyikAiu khkd;wj; jiytu;

ntspaPlL ; iu - jpUkjp. rhe;jp ehTf;furd;

E}y; kjpg;gl P L ; iu fyhepjp MW.jpUKUfd;

E}yhrpupauplkpUe;J Kjw;gpujpiag; ngw;Wf; rpwg;Gg; gpujpiag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; rptj;jpU nfhs;Sk; jpU.fq;if Ntzpad; Rg;gpukzpak; nrl;bahu; mtu;fs;.

I. eh.tpd>; rpWghd;ikapdhpd; chpikfs;> gpur;ridfSf;fhd tpNrl mwpfi ; fahsu; jpUkjp ,\hf; uPll; h mtu;fis khkd;wj; t`uf;f> rdpfpuhg;l; Njhl;lk; = Kj;Jkhupak;kd; jpU. jpUkjp NrhkNrfud; jk;gjpapdUf;F jiytu;> nfhOk;G I.eh. Myaj;jpwF ; tpehafu; tpfu; fk; toq;fg;gl;lJ khkd;w gpujpj;jiytupd; nfsutpg;G jiyikafj;jpy; (17.10.2016) re;jpjj ; NghJ (21-10-2016)

E}yhrpupaupd; Vw;Giu

jpUkjp.rhe;jp ehTf;furd; mtu;fSf;fhd nfsutpg;G

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