Hindu oli 19 02 e book

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AthŒ MÔd Kjšt® r¤FU nghâehj nty‹ RthÄfS¡F bfhG«ãš tunt‰ògrhu« (25.01.2015)

RthÄfS¡F ghj óir brŒa¥gL»wJ

khk‹w mw§fhty® rig¤ jiyt® âU. É. fÆyhrãŸis, mt®fS« khk‹w ãu⤠jiyt® âU. kh. jtnahfuh#h mt®fS« RthÄfis bfsuÉ¡F« nghJ

ãwªjâd« bfh©lhL« ïu¤kyhid bfhG«ò ÉL⥠ãŸisfS¡F r©Kf RthÄ (AthŒ) ãwªj âd ïªJ xË tH§F»wh®. gÇášfis

khk‹w¤ jiyt® ciuah‰W»wh®.

òd®thœî, ÛŸFona‰w, ïªJ rka fyhrhu mYtšfŸ mik¢r® kh©òÄF o. v« RthÄehj‹ eªâ¡ bfho V‰W»wh®. mU»š khk‹w cg jiyt® âU. á. jdghyh

kh©òÄF mik¢r® o. v« RthÄehj‹ RthÄfis bfsuɤj ã‹ ciuah‰W»wh®.

xU khztD¡F RthÄfŸ MÓ®thj« brŒ»wh®. mU»š âUkâ. m. fÆyhrãŸis 2

rigÆd®

#a tUl« kh®fÊ - ij

c átka«

ïªJ xË

Ôg« - 19

Rl® - 02

#a tUl« ij¤ â§fŸ 18 M« ehŸ (01.02.2015)

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gŠr òuhz§fŸ

kf;fs; Nritf;fhf midtUk; xd;wpizNthk;!

âU¢á‰w«gy«

njthu« NtjNkhjp ntz;Zhy; g+z;L nts;is vUNjwpg; g+jQ;R+og; nghypa tUthh; GypapDhp Njhyhh; ehjhntdTk; ef;fhntdTk; ek;ghntd epd;W ghje;njhOthh; ghte;jPh;g;ghh; god efuhNu!

,e;j ehl;bd; ,e;J kd;w mikg;Gf;fspdJk; Mya ek;gpf;ifg; nghWg;Gf;fspdJk; xd;wpakhd mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk; ,k;khjk; jdJ mWgjhtJ Mz;by; fhyb vLj;J itf;fpwJ. ,e;j Mz;by; itutpohitnahl;b tpohf;fSk; kw;Wk; nfhz;lhl;lq;fSk; elj;JtJ vkJ Nehf;fky;y.

NtjidfshYk; NrhjidfshYk; thl;b tijf;fg;gl;l rNfhju rNfhjhpfSf;F mgaf;fuk; ePlb; Njitahd kf;fSf;F tho;thjhu cjtpfs; Ghpe;J ,iwgzp epw;fNt tpiofpd;Nwhk;. ,jw;fhf ,e;J kf;fshfpa cq;fs; mDruizAk; cjtpAk; NkYk; Njitahf ,Ug; g jhy; ,e; j cd; d j Nritapy; midtUk; vq; f Sld; ,ize; J nraw; g Ljy; ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;.

âUthrf«

my;ypf; fkyj; jaDk; khYk; my;yh jtUk; mkuh; NfhDk;

nrhy;ypg; guTk; ehkj; jhidr; nrhy;Yk; nghUSk; ,we;j Rliu

ney;ypf; fdpiaj; Njidg; ghiy epiwapd; mKij mKjpd; Ritia

Gy;ypg; Gzh;t njd;W nrhy;Nyhvd; nghy;yh kzpiag; Gzh;e;Nj!

âUÉir¥gh

ghk;gizj; Japd;Nwhd; mad;Kjy; Njth; gd;ndLq; fhyk; epw; fhz;ghd; Vk;gypj; jpUf;f vd;Dsk; GFe;j vspikia vd;Wk; ehd; kwf;Nfd; Njk;Gdw; ngha;if thistha; kLg;gj; njspjU Njwy; gha;e; njhOFk; G+k;gizr; Nrhiy Mtz tPjpg; G+tzk; Nfhapy; nfhz;lhNa!

vkJ kf;fSf;F Md;kPf <Nlw;wk; jUk; jpl;lq; fisAk; vkJ cld; gpwg; Gf; f spd; fz; z P i uj; Jilf;Fk; kdpjhgpkhdg; gzpfisAk; NknyLj;Jr; nry; y Nt tpUk; G fpNwhk; . mfpy ,yq; i f ,e; J khkd;wk; ,e;jr; nraw;ghLfis NkYk; ntw;wpfukhf mikj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; tifapy; ,e;J kf;fshfpa ePq;fSk; epjpAjtp ClhfNth my;yJ jd;dhh;tj; njhz; L %ykhfNth gq; f spg; i g toq; f yhk; . mjhtJ vq;fSld; Nrh;e;J gy;NtW Nritfis Mw;Wtjw;F ePq;fs; Kd;tuyhk;.

âU¥gšyh©L

Muhh; te;jhh; mkuh; Fohj;jpy; mzpAil Mjpiu ehs; ehuh azndhL ehd;Kfd; mq;fp ,utpAk; ,e;jp uDk; Njuhh; tPjpapy; Njth; Fohq;fs; jpir aidj;Jk; epiwe;J ghuhh; njhy;Gfo; ghbAk; MbAk; gy;yhz;L $WJNk!

jd; d hh; t j; n jhz; L %ykhf vt; t hwhd gq; f spg; i g toq; f yhk; vd eP q ; f s; rpe; j pf; f f; $Lk; . ,e; J khkd; w j; j pdhy; ehlshtpa hP j papy; elj;jg;gl;LtUk; “rptnjhz;lh; mzp” apy; ,ize;J mjDhlhfTk; gy;NtW Nritfis cq;fshy; Mw;w KbAk;. my;yJ khkd;wj;jpdhy; nraw;gLj;jg;gl;L tUk; r%feyg; gzpfspYk; cq;fis <LgLj;jpf; nfhs;s KbAk;. ,e;ehl;by; ,d;Dk; irttpjj; fh;fis cUthf;f tpUk;GfpNwhk;. mg;gapw;rpapy; Nru ,sk; jiyKiwapdiu cw;rhfg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

âU¥òuhz« Mjpaha; eLTkhfp mstpyh tsTkhfp Nrhjpah Azh;Tkhfp Njhd;wpa nghUSkhfp Ngjpah Ntfkhfp ngz;Zkha; MZkhfp Nghjpah epw;Fk;jpy;iy nghJelk; Nghw;wpNghw;wp! âU¢á‰w«gy« ïªJ xË

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,jw; F k; Nkyhf vOj; j hw; w y; cs; s th; f s; rka Md; k P f rpe; j idfis ntspg; g Lj; J k; Mf;fq;fisg; gilg;gjd; %yk; jq;fsJ gq;fspgi ; g toq;ff;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;. mjhtJ ,e;J khkd;wk; ,Ukhjq;fSf;nfhUKiw ntspaplL ; tUk; Md;kfP rQ;rpifahd ‘,e;J xsp’ ,jopy; mj;jifa vOj;Jg; gilg;Gf;fis gpuRhpgg; jd; Clhf ,th;fsJ Nrit nghpJk; Nghw;wf;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;.

thœ¤J mwndhL md;Gk; tho;f mfpyKk; nropj;J tho;f kiwath; Fohj;jpNdhL mbath; FohKk; tho;f fiwkplw; wz;zyhh; jd; fUizA kUSNkhq;fp ,iwaUs; jd;dh nyy;yh caph;fSk; ePLtho;f!

ïªJ xË m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w ïªJ MuhŒ¢á Ãiya¤â‹ btËpL

,e;J khkd;wk; Mw;wptUk; gy;NtW Nritfisg;gw;wp ed;F mwpe;J itj;Js;s ePq;fs; ,it njhlh;ghf VidNahhplKk; vLj;Jf; $Wtjd; ClhfTk; mth;fisAk; vq;fSld; ,izj;Jf; nfhs;sKbAk; vd fUJfpNwhk;. cq;fsJ ,j;jifa nraw;ghL %yk; ,e;J khkd;wj;jpd; NritfSf;F NkYk; gyh; Cf;Ftpff; g;gl;L mth;fsJ gq;fspgi ; gj; juf;$bajhfTk; ,Uf;Fk;. fle; j xU jrhg; j fhyj; j pw; F Kd; d h; ekJ ehl;by; Vw;gl;l fly;Nfhs; mdh;jj; j;jpdhy; caph; ePjj; kf;fSf;fhf 2005 [dthp Kjyhk; jpfjpad;W ,e;J khkd;wj;jpdhy; nfhOk;gpy; xOq;F nra;ag;gl;bUe;j mQ;ryp epfo;nthd;wpy; fye;Jnfhz;l mg;NghjpUe;j nfhOk;G ,uhkfpU\;z kp\d; jiyth; tzf;fj;jpw;Fhpa Rthkp Mj;kfdhde;j kfuh[; $wpa gpd;tUk; fUj;ij Nkw;Nfhshff; nfhz;L vkJ jPh;khdj;jpw;F tUfpNwhk;. “,e;jf; nfhLikahd mdh;j;jj;jpd; gpd;Dk; ,iwtd; vk;ik ,t;Tyfpy; tho tpl;bUf;fpwhd; vd;why; mJ mj;jifa nfhLikahd mdh;j;jj;jpdhy; ghjpg;gile;Js;s vkJ rNfhju rNfhjhpfSf;F cjtp Ghptjw;NfahFk;." gj; J tUlq; f s; epiwtile; j gpd; d Uk; tzf;fj;jpw;Fhpa Rthkp Mj;kfdhde;j kfuh[; mth;fspd; xspUk; thh;j;ijfs; vq;fs; kdij Jha; i kg; g Lj; J tJld; vkJ rNfhju rNfhjhp fSf;fhf vq;fs; gzpfis NkYk; Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;Yk; tifapy; vk;kdijj; Jhz;b “,iwgzp epw; f ” vd; w ,e; J khkd; w j; j pd; Fwpf; N fhis mila toptFj;J epw;fpwJ vd;gij rpwg;ghfr; nrhy;yyhk;.

k‹dh® Phditut® nfhÉš kfh F«ghãnõf áw¥ãjœ #a tUl« kh®fÊ - ij (01.02.2015)

MáÇa® FG : âU. fªijah Úyf©l‹ irtPhdghD fyhÃâ MW. âUKUf‹ fyhÃâ K¤ijah fâ®fhkehj‹ fyhÃâ k. ghyifyhrehj r®kh âU. j. kndhfu‹ âU. m. fdfNÇa® xU ãuâÆ‹¬ Éiy %gh 50.00 tUlhªj¢ rªjh (cŸehL) %gh 300.00

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ïªJ xËÆš btËÆl¥g£LŸs f£LiufËš bjÇÉ¡f¥g£LŸs fU¤J¡fŸ M¡»nah‹fSilanj.

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all ceylon hindu congress Mannar Gnana Vairavar Temple Maha Kumbabiseha Special Issue - 01.02.2015

Editorial Board :

Mr. Kandiah Neelakandan

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Views expressed in the articles in Hindu Oli are those of the contributors.

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#a tUl« kh®fÊ - ij

AthŒ irt MÔd Kjšt®

r¤FU nghâehj nty‹ RthÄfŸ ïy§if tUif

mbkÇ¡fh AthŒ irt MÔd Kjšt® r¤FU

fhy¤ij¥ gh®¡f¡Toa ÃiyÆÈUªj xU kfhdhf nahf® RthÄfŸ âfœªjh®. filáahf 1983 M« M©oš ïy§if tªâUªnj‹. 炙UªJ òy« bga®ªJ thœªJ bfh©oU¡F« k¡fis mo¡fo rªâ¤J tU»‹nw‹. mbkÇ¡fhÉ‹ thΧl‹ efU¡F mU»YŸs KUf‹ nfhÆÈš m§FŸs òy«bga®ªj ïy§if k¡fŸ ešÿ®, fâ®fhk c‰rt§fis el¤â tU»‹wh®fŸ. bghJthf MÔd« mik¡f¥g£l ã‹d®jh‹ m§F k¡fŸ TLth®fŸ. Mdhš mbkÇ¡fhÉš k¡fŸ Toa ã‹d®jh‹ MÔd« mik¡f¥g£LŸsJ. ï‹iwa ïisa jiyKiwÆd® rka¤ij f‰gJ Fiwthfnt ïU¡»wJ. âiu¥gl«, bjhiy¡fh£á ngh‹wt‰¿š M®t« brštjhš xU rthyhf öa irt rka¤ij f‰ã¡fnt©oa njit V‰g£LŸsJ." v‹W bjÇɤjh®. khk‹w¤âdhš guhkÇ¡f¥gL« ïu¤kyhid r¡â ïšy« ÉL⥠ãŸisfsJ ãwªjehŸ itgtK« ïªj ÃfœÉ‹nghJ áw¥g«rkhf ïl«bg‰wJ. ãwªjâd¤ij¡ bfh©lhoa mid¤J¥ ãŸisfS¡F« khk‹w¤â‹ gÇR¥bghU£fŸ RthÄfË‹ âU¡fu¤jhš tH§f¥g£ld. khk‹w¥ bghJ¢ brayhs® fyhÃâ K. fâ®fhkehj‹ tH§»a e‹¿íiuíl‹ ÃfœîfŸ Ãiwîbg‰wd. flªj khj« 31M« âfâ a‹W khiy ahœ k©ÂYŸs nfh©lhÉš átóÄ ghlrhiy k©lg¤âš r¤FU nghâehj nty‹ RthÄfsJ jÇrd Ãfœî ïl«bg‰wJ. mbkÇ¡f AthŒ MÔd¤ij nr®ªjtU« átha R¥ãuKÅa RthÄfË‹ ÓlUkhd M‹Ûf¢Rl® ÇÎ bjh©Lehj‹ RthÄfË‹ jiyikÆš ïªj M‹Ûf Ãfœî elªnj¿aJ.

nghâehj nty‹ RthÄfŸ flªj #dtÇ khj« M‹Äf ah¤âiuahf ïy§if¡F tUif jªJŸsh®. ahœ¥ghz¤J khKÅt® vd¥ ngh‰w¥gL« átnahf® RthÄfË‹ Óluhd átha R¥ãuKÅa RthÄ fshš ÃWt¥g£lJjh‹ mbkÇ¡fh AthŒ khÃy¤âYŸs irt MÔd«. átha R¥ãukÂa RthÄfË‹ Ól®fSŸ xUt® jh‹ r¤FU nghâehj nty‹ RthÄfŸ ï¥nghJ AthŒ irtMÔd¤â‹ KjštuhfÉUªJ ïiwg ah‰¿ tU»wh®. ïy§if k©Âš fhšgâ¤JŸs r¤FU nghâehj nty‹ RthÄfis m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w« g¡â ó®tkhfî«, k»œ¢áílD« tunt‰W ngh‰¿¤Jâ¡»wJ. flªj khj« (#dtÇ) 25M« âfâa‹W khiy g«gy¥ã£o ruÞtâ k©lg¤âš ïªJ khk‹w¤â‹ xG§»š tunt‰ògrhubkh‹W eilbg‰wJ. khk‹w¤ jiyt® âU. fªijah Úyf©l‹ ïªj itgt¤â‰F jiyik jh§»dh®. khk‹w mw§fhty® rig¤ jiyt® âU. É. fÆyhrãŸis mt®fS«, khk‹w ãu⤠jiyt® âU. kh. jtnahfuh#h mt®fS« RthÄfS¡F bgh‹dhil ngh®¤â ky®khiy mÂɤjh®fŸ. ïªj ÃfœÉš òd®thœî, ÛŸFona‰w« k‰W«, ïªJ rka Étfhu mik¢r® bfsut o. v«. RthÄehj‹ mt®fS« fyªJ bfh©L RthÄfS¡F bgh‹dhil ngh®¤â khiy mÂɤjh®. nahf® RthÄ mwÃâa«, Éntfhdªj rig ngh‹w rka ÃWtd§fS« RthÄfsJ tunt‰ò ÃfœÉš fyªJbfh©ld. mUSiu tH§»a r¤FU nghâehj nty‹ RthÄfŸ "ïªj Ãfœit V‰ghL brŒâUªj m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w¤â‰F e‹¿ bjÇÉ¡»nw‹. 1949 M« M©oš vdJ FUehjuhd R¥ãuKÅa RthÄfŸ ïy§if tªJ nahf® RthÄfis¤ jÇá¤âUªjh®. öujÇrdkhf vâ® ïªJ xË

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mUŸ klš caph;fis Nerpf;Fk; cd;dj tptrhaj; njhopy; ijj;jpq;fs; kyh;e;Jtpl;lJ. “ij gpwe;jhy; topgpwf;Fk;;” vd;W nrhy;thh;fs;. ijkhjg; gpwg;G ehspy; R+hpa gfthDf;Fg; nghq;fpg; gilj;Jg; Nghw;wpj; Jjpgg ; Jld;, mjid xU ngUtpohthff; nfhz;lhLtJ ,e; J kf; f spd; ghuk; g hpa tof; f khf ,Ue; J tUfpwJ. ,e;Jg; gz;ghl;by; nghq;fy; tpoh Kjd;ikahdJ. ,iwtDf;Fk;, gpwh;f;F czT toq;Fk; coth; ngUkf;fSf;Fk; ed;wp njhptpj;J topghL nra;Ak; ed;dhNs nghq;fy; jpUehshFk;. kdpj tho;tpy; kz;zpy; tpah;it rpe;jp gpwh; czT cz;z top nra;Ak; tptrhap kjpg;Gf;Fhpath;. tptrhapfis cah;e;j ,lj;jpy; itj;J kjpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w gz;G gy; y hapuk; Mz; L fshf epytp te; J s; s J. vj;njhopiyr; nra;gtUk; tptrhapfSld; ed;wpahf ,Uj;jy; mtrpak; vd;gjid ehk; czu Ntz;Lk;. jpUts;Sth; jdJ jpUf;Fwspy;,

ngw;Wf; nfhs;fpwhh;fs;. khb tPLfspy; $l rhbfspy; jhtu tsh;g;gpy; <LgLfpwhh;fs;. vq;fs; jiyKiw Ntiyapy;iy Ntiyapy;iy vd;W tPz;nghOJ Nghf; F fpwhh; f s; . epyq; f s; gy gadw; w jhpR epyq;fshf fhl;rpaspf;fpd;wd. md;W Mwpy;yhj Chpy; Fsq;fisAk;, NfzpfisAk;, fpzWfisAk;, JuTfisAk; cUthf;fp jk; Njhspd; typikapdhy; tsk; epiwe;j g+kpahf vk;Kd;Ndhh;fs; ghJfhj;jhh;fs;. tptrhapapd; tPL fw;gf jUthf tpsq;fpaJ. tUlk; KOtJk; cz;gjw;F jhuhskhd czT tiffs; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;ld. ,d;W vk;kz;zpy; tptrhak; tpghPjkhfptpl;lJ. vYkpr;rk;gok; njhlf;fk; Njq;fha; tiu gpwkhtl;lq;fspy; ,Ue;J tUfpwJ. tPl;L tsTfspy; thio kuk; ehl;b jpdKk; Rfhjhukhf ,iyapy; cz;L kfpo;e;j kf;fs; ,d;W gpsh];hpf; ghj;jpuj;jpYk;, cNyhfj; jl;LfspYk;, fljhrpj; jl; L fspYk; ,urhad jhf; f j; N jhL cz;fpwhh;fs;. ,aw;if vkf;F je;j tha;gG ; f;fis njhiyj;J tpl;L NjLfpNwhk;. ,e; j ijj; j pq; f spNy vk; k z; i z gRikg;gLj;jp cz;Zk; cztpy; jd;epiwitf; fhz;gjw;fhd topia midtUk; xd;Wgl;L re; j pf; f Kw; g LNthk; . clyhy; ciog;Nghk;, czh;thy; vk;kz;iz fl;b vOg;GNthk;, vjw;Fk; cjTk; tptrhaj;ij kjpj;J kyh;r;rp fhz Kay;Nthk;. kyh;e;jpUf;Fk; ,e;j ijj;jpq;fspNy kw;WnkhU rpwg;G epfo;itAk; re;jpf;fpNwhk;. kfpikngw;w rptj;jykhd jpUf;NfjP];tuj;ij jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;L ngUikAld; jpfOk; kd;dhh; g+kpapd; nghpafilg; gFjpapy; Nfhapy; nfhz;L vOe;jUspapUf;Fk; itutg; ngUkhDila Myak; GdUj;jhuzk; nra;ag;gl;L ,uh[NfhGuKk; mikag; ngw;Ws;s epiyapy; ,e;J kf;fs; Fk;ghgpN\fg; ngUtpohit fhZfpwhh;fs;. ,e;j itutg; ngUkhd; Myaj;jpNy GdUj;jhuzg; gzpfisr; nra; J , ey; y Kiwapy; ghpghydg; gzpfis Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;Yk; Mya mwq;fhtyh; kw; W k; njhz; l h; f s; , rpthr; r hhpag; ngUkf; f s; midtUf; F k; ey; t ho; j ; J f; f is nrhy; t Jld; , Myak; NkYk; rpwg;ghf tsh;r;rpngw ,iwaUis Ntz;bg; gpuhh;j;jpf;fpNwhk;.

“cOJz;L tho;thNu tho;thh;kw; nwy;yhk; njhOJz;L gpd; nry;gth;”

vd ,w; i wf; F ,uz; l hapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kd;Ng njspT gLj;jpdhh;. tptrhapahdtd; ,aw;ifapd; NgUjtpNahL gpwuJ ,liuf; fisgtd;. cyfpy; tptrhapfs; cah;e;j epiyapy; tho; f pwhh; f s; . Nkiy ehLfspy; tptrhak; vd; g J kpfj; jukhd njhopyhf fUjg; g LfpwJ. tptrhapfSf;F vz;zpiwe;j tpUJfs; toq;Ffpwhh;fs;. tptrhak; njhlh;ghf Vuhskhd gy; f iyf; f ofq; f s; rpwg; g hf ,aq; F fpd; w d.

Nkiyehl; L tptrhapfSk; gy; f iyf; f ofKk; epiwe;j njhlh;ghlNyhL nraw;gLfpd;wd. ,jdhy; tptrhapfSf;Fhpa r%f me;j];J kpf cah;thf fhzg; g LfpwJ. vk; k z; z py; ,d; W tptrhak; nra;gth;fs; mUfp tUfpwhh;fs;. tptrhap vd;why; juk; Fiwe;j xd;whf fUjptpl;lhh;fs;. vq;fs; re;jjpia thoitj;j Kd;Ndhh;fs; midtUk; tptrhapfshf cs;shh;fs;. vj;njhopiyr; nra;gtUk; jdJ FLk;gj;Jf;F Ntz;ba czit jhNk cw;gj;jp nra;a Ntz;ba fhyk; xd;W ,Ue;jJ. ,d;W nghd;tpioAk; g+kpahf ,Ue;j kz; Nerpf;fg;glhky; ,Ug;gJ ftiy jUfpwJ. Ntfkhf tsh; e ; j [g; g hd; ehl; b y; tP l ; L f; $iufspy;$l nfhb kuq;fis cz;lhf;fp gad;fisg; ïªJ xË

ÇÎ bjh©Lehj‹ 4

#a tUl« kh®fÊ - ij

,e;J xsp Ôg« - 19

rptg+kp kd;dhh; nghpafil

Rl® - 02

mUs;kpF Qhdituth; Njt];jhd

kfh Fk;ghgpN\f rpwg;gpjo;

< hpa ghly;ngw;w rptj;jykhd jpUf;NfjP];tuj;ij jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;L ngUikAld;

okzpj; jpUehl;bd; tlgFjpapy; mike;Js;sJ kd;dhh; khtl;lk;. tuyhw;Wr; rpwg;Gf;F jpfOk; kd;dhh; rptg+kpapYs;s nghpafilg; gFjpapy; Nfhapy; nfhz;L vOe;jUspapUf;Fk; Qhditutg; ngUkhd; fpuhkj;J fhty; nja;tkhf epd;W gf;jh;fSf;F mUs; ghypj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;. ,e; j Qhditutg; ngUkhd; Myak; 1988Mk; Mz; b y; Njhw; w k; ngw; w J. rpW Myakhf mikf;fg;gl;L g+ir> topghLfs; ,lk; ngw;W te;jd. mg;NghJ> ,e;j Myak; mike;Js;s ,lk; mur ghpghydj;Jf;F nrhe;jkhdJ vd;Wk;> mjd; fhuzkhf Myaj;ij mt;tplj;jpypUe;J mfw;Wk;gbAk; ePjpkd;wj;jpy; tof;Fj; njhlug;gl;L mjw;fhd ePjpkd;w cj;juT fpilf;fg;ngw;wjhfTk; nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ. vdpDk; mbahh;fspd; Ntz;LjYk;> Qhd itutg; ngUkhdpd; jpUtUSk; fhuzkhf Myak; mfw;wg;glhkNyNa> mt;tplj;jpy; epiyngw;W GdUj;jhuz Ntiyfs; nra;ag;gl;L> ,g;NghJ kfh Fk;ghgpN\fk; fhZk; tifapy; rpwg;Gg; ngw;Ws;sJ. ,q;F 1990Mk; Mz;L fhyg;gFjpapypUe;J epj;jpa iekpj;jpa g+ir topghLfs; rpwg;Gg;ngw;W te;jd. ehl;bd; Nghh;f;fhyr; R+o;epiyfspdhy; jpUf;NfjP];tu Myak; g+ir topghLfs; ,d;wp %lg;gl;bUe;j fhyg;gFjpapy; ,e;j Qhdituth; Myaj;jpNyNa mbahh;fsJ topghLfs; ,lk;ngw;W te;jd. rptuhj;jphp ehspy; ,q;F ehd;F rhk g+irfs; rpwg;ghf eilngw;Ws;sJld;> ghlrhiy khzth;fs; jq;fsJ fiy epfo;r;rpfis toq;Ftjw;Fk; Nkilaikj;Jf; nfhLf;fg;gl;ld. kd;dhh; gFjpapy; gy ,e;J mikg;Gf;fis cUthf;fpa ngUikAk; Qhdituth; Myaj;jpw;F cz;L. kd;dhhpYs;s mur jpizf;fsq;fs; etuhj;jphp g+irfis jq;fs; cgakhf ,e;j Myaj;jpNyNa Kjd;Kjyhf Muk;gpj;J elj;jp te;Js;sd. ,e;j Myaj;jpy; Qhdituth; mwnewpg; ghlrhiynahd;W Muk;gpf;fg;gl;L eilngw;W tUfpwJ. gz;zpir tFg;Gf;fs;> Nahfhrd tFg;Gf;fs; vd;gdTk; fpukkhf elj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. njhz;lh; rignahd;Wk; mikf;fg;gl;L mjD}lhf Myaj;jpy; $l;Lg;gpuhh;jj ; id> rpukjhdg; gzpfs;> rka r%fey Nritfs; vd gy;NtW nraw;ghLfs; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.

Mya jpUg;gzp Ntiyfspd; kw;WnkhU rpwg;gk;rkhf %d;W js ,uh[NfhGunkhd;Wk; mikf;fg;gl;L kd;dhh; efug;gFjpapy; mUs;kpF Qhditutg; ngUkhd; Myak; vopy;kpF Njhw;wj;Jld; fhzg;gLtJk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f tp\akhFk;.

Mya ghpghydg; gzpapy; mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;w Kfhikg; Nguit cWg;gpduhd itj;jpa fyhepjp M. murf;Nfhd; jiytuhfTk;> ,e;J khkd;w cg jiytuhd itj;jpa fyhepjp K. fjph;fhkehjd; nrayhsuhfTk; gjtp epiyapypUe;J Myaj;jpd; rpwg;Gf;Fk; tsh;r;rpf;Fk; ngUk; gzpahw;wp tUfpwhh;fs;. gy ,d;dy;fSf;Fk; ,ila+WfSf;Fk; kj;jpapy; gytpj rthy;fs; epiwe;j ntw;wpg; gazj;jpy; tsh;rr ; pAk; vOr;rpAk; ngw;W tUk; kd;dhh; mUs;kpF Qhdituth; Njt];jhdk; ,d;W (01.02.2015) kfh Fk;ghgpN\fg; ngUtpoh fhZfpwJ. ,jidnahl;b mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wj;jpd; Md;kPf ,johd “,e;J xsp” kfh Fk;ghgpN\f rpwg;gpjohf kyh;e;Js;sJ. ïªJ xË

5

#a tUl« kh®fÊ - ij

khk‹w¤ jiyt® âU. fªijah Úyf©l‹ mt®fsJ

»

thœ¤J¢ brŒâ

uhÄa fhtš bjŒtkhf¥ ngh‰w¥gL« áw¥ã‰FÇat® itut¥ bgUkh‹. ïªj tÊghlhdJ »uhk k£l¤â‰FÇajhf brhšy¥g£lhY« mJ át tÊgh£Ll‹ ïizªj tifÆš K¡»akhdbjhU ïl¤ij¥ bg‰WŸsJ. k‹dh® efu¤âš itut¥ bgUkhD¡F rfy M‹Ûf¢ áw¥ò¡fisí« bfh©ljhd bgU« Myabkh‹W mik¡f¥g£oU¥gJ k‹dh® thœ ïªJ k¡fS¡F k»œ¢á¡FÇa ÉõakhF«. _‹W jrh¥j fhy¤â‰F K‹d® áW Myakhf Þjhã¡f¥g£L k‹dh® thœ ïªJ k¡fsJ tÊgh£o‰FÇajhf ïUªJ tªj ïªj Mya¤ij ts®¢áaila¢ brŒtâš Mya gÇghyd rigÆdUl‹ ïizªJ k‹dh® kht£l ïªJ Mya§fË‹ x‹¿a« bgU« g§fË¥ig¢ brŒJ tªjij eh« m¿nth«. tuyh‰W¥ bgUik¡FÇa âU¡nfÔÞtu Mya« eh£L ÃiyikfËdhš _l¥g£oUªjntisÆš ïªJ k¡fË‹ ïiwtÊgh£L¡FÇajhf ïªj itut¥ bgUkh‹ Mya« âUtU£ áw¥ig¥ bg‰¿Uªjik K¡»a¤Jt« thŒªj Ãfœthf¢ brhšyyh«. go¥goahd ts®¢áíl‹, òdU¤jhuz¥ gÂfS« nk‰bfhŸs¥g£l ÃiyÆš bgU« ïuh#nfhòu« k‰W« fiy¢ á‰gntiy¥ghLfSl‹ mikªjjhf cUtik¡f¥g£l k‹dh® Phditut® Mya« F«ghãnõf¥ bgUÉHh fhQtJ k‹dh® ef® thœ ïªJ k¡fS¡F k£Lkšy k‹dh® kht£l k¡fS¡F« M‹Ûf mUŸtH§F« m‰òj Ãfœthfnt mikªJŸsJ. ïªj kfh F«ghãnõf¥ bgUÉHhitbah£o m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w¤â‹ M‹Ûf rŠáifahd "ïªJ xË"ia, F«ghãnõf áw¥ãjHhf btËÆ£L it¥gâš khk‹w« bgÇJ« k»œtil»wJ. F«ghãnõf ÃfœîfŸ áw¥ghf miktâš bgU« g§fË¥ò¢ brŒJ tU« k‹dh® kht£l ïªJ Mya§fË‹ x‹¿a«, Mya gÇghyd rigÆd®, Mya áth¢rhÇah®fŸ k‰W« bjh©l®fŸ midtÇdJ« âUtU£gÂia¥ ghuh£LtJl‹, mUŸÄF átfhÄ m«ghŸ rnkj $ eluh#¥ bgUkhÅ‹ mU£flh£r« »il¡f nt©L« vd¥ ãuh®¤â¤J thœ¤J»‹nwh«.

rptG+kp kd;dhh; ngupafil mUs;kpF Q}dituth; Njt];jhd ghpghyd rig nrayhsh; itj;jpa fyhepjp K. fjph;fhkehjd; mth;fsJ

thœ¤J¢ brŒâ cz;ik mwpT ,d;gNk cUthfp ghypy; nea;ahf fiue;JiwAk; ,iwtd;> jd;id kdj;jhy; rpe;jpj;J thf;fhy; tho;j;jp fhaj;jhy; tzq;fp topgLjy; nghUl;L vz;zw;w jpUNkdpfisf; nfhz;L vOe;jUsp ,Uf;Fk; mUs; epiyaq;fNs Myak; vdg;gLk;. mt;tifapy; = kj; jl;rpz ifyhak; vdg; Nghw;wg;gLfpd;w ,yq;fhGupapy; irtKk; jkpOk; jioj;Njhq;Fk; ghly; ngw;w jykhfpa jpUf;NfjPr;ruj; jpUj;jyj;ij jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;lJk;> ehd;F gf;fq;fSk; flyhy; #og;gl;L ,aw;if vopy; nghq;Fk; kd;dhu; khefupd; ngupafil vDk; jpt;aN\j;jpuj;jpy; mkh;e;jpUe;J mbahh;fs; Ntz;Lk; tuq;fis thup toq;fp mUshl;rp GupAk; fhty;; nja;tkhfpa itutg;ngUkhDf;Fk; gps;isahu;> khup mk;kd;> ts;sp nja;thid rNkj jpUKUfd;> vOe;jUsp ituth;> Mjp ituth;> etf;fpufk; Mfpa ghupthu %h;j;jpfSf;Fk; jpup (3) js ,uh[ NfhGuj;NjhL $ba Gjpa Myaj;jpw;;F [a tUlk; ijj; jpq;fs; 18Mk; ehs; (01.02.2015) Qhapw;Wf;fpoik tUk; Rg K$h;j;j RgNtisapy; k`h Fk;ghgpN\fk; rpwg;Gw eilngw itutg; ngUkhd; jpUtUs; ghypj;Js;shh;. ,t; Ntisapy; vkJ jpUg;gzpf;F jhuhskhf cjtp nra;j mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk; jdJ Md;kPf rQ;rpifahd “,e;J xsp” rpwg;gpjo; xd;iw ,f; Fk;ghgpN\fj;ijnahl;b ntspapLtijapl;L kfpo;fpNwhk;. khkd;wj;jpd; MjuTf;F ghpghyd rigapd; rhh;ghf vkJ ed;wp.

“Nkd;iknfhs; irtePjp tpsq;Ff cyfnky;yhk;” ïªJ xË

6

#a tUl« kh®fÊ - ij

fht‰ bjŒtkhf¥ ngh‰w¥gL«

itut¡ flîŸ (mku®) át$

á. FŠájghj¡ FU¡fŸ,

ãujk áth¢rhÇah® - $ bgh‹d«gythnzÞtu® njtÞjhd«

it

gh¡F, gH«, vYÄ¢r« gH« ngh‹wt‰iw m®¥g¤J tÊghLfŸ brŒa¥gL»‹wd. ïnjngh‹nw thÞJ rhªâÆ‹nghJ« itut tÊghLfŸ brŒa¥gL»‹wd. nfhƉ f£ll m¤âthu«, c‰rt Mu«g«, òâa nj® mik¥ò, nj®¤âUÉHh, c‰rt Koî, òâa åL f£l m¤âthu« nghLjš, åL f£Ljš ngh‹w gšntW fhy§fËY« itutU¡F cÇa KiwÆyhd tÊghLfŸ brŒa¥g£L mtuJ mD¡»uf¤ij¥ bg‰w ã‹ng »ÇiafŸ Mu«ã¡f¥gL»‹wd.

ut _®¤j« áth«r _®¤jkhF«. ï«_®¤j« r«Ahu U¤âu® vdî« Tw¥gL«. itut¡ flîŸ r¤Jt, jhkr Fz¤jt®. cl‰g‰iw É£lgoahš itut® îthz nfhy¤Jl‹ cŸsh®. Éid Ú§F« nghJ cl‰g‰W« Ú§F»wJ. mt‰iw mÊ¡F« nfhy¤ij¡ fh£Ltnj îthz tot« MF«. ï›totkhdJ nfhu%g§bfh©l totkhf cŸsikia eh« neh¡fyh«. itut nfhÆš Mya§fËš tl¡F¡F« tl»H¡»‰F« ïil¥g£l ïl¤âš gÇthu _®¤âahf itut¡ flîŸ vGªjUË ïUªJ mUŸghÈ¥gij eh« m¿nth«. m§F itut É¡»uf« mšyJ âÇNy« ãuâ£il brŒa¥g£oU¡F«. mtnu Mya¤â‹ fhty® MdikÆ‹ mt® nõ¤âughy® vd miH¡f¥gL»wh®. fháÆš fhy itutuhfî« áj«gu¤âš Rt®z itutuhfî« áw¥ghf fh£áaË¡»wh®. vkJ eh£oš bgU«ghY« Phditut tÊghL v§F« cŸsJ. áj«gu¤J bgh‹d«gy¤â‹ bgaiu¤ jh§»¢ áthfk KiwfS¡fika bgU§nfhÉyhf¡ bfhG«ãš cŸs $ bgh‹d«gythnzÞtu¤âš nB¤âughyU¡F mUnf Rt®z itut® m«ghSl‹ mU£nfhy§ bfh©L gÇthu _®¤âahf cŸsikia ï§F fhzyh«. jÅ itut Mya§fshf Phd itut®, euá§f itut® ngh‹w Mya§fŸ ïy§ifÆš cŸsd.

äâa óir itut¡ flîS¡F fhiyÆY« khiyÆY« óirfŸ cŸsd. m®¤j #hk¥ óirÆY« mâfhiy¥ óirÆY« itut RthÄ¡F Énrl óirfŸ Ãfœ»‹wd. m®¤j#hk¥ óirÆnyna všyh Mya§fS« ó£l¥g£L Mya¤ âw¥ò¡fŸ itutÇl« x¥gil¡f¥gL»‹wd. m¥nghJ rhj«, til, bt‰¿iy, gh¡F, gH« v‹gd ientâ¡f¥g£L nfhÆiyí«, Ciuí« ghJfh¤jUS«go nt©l¥gL»‹wJ. ïjid K¤âuh j©l tÊghL vdî« miH¥g®. K¤âiu âw¥ò v‹gij¡ ftr« vdî« bfhŸsyh«. fhiyÆš nfhÆš âw¡f¥gL«nghJ gR«ghš, jh«óy«, gH« v‹gd ientâ¡f¥gL»‹wd. mtuJ mDkâíl‹ âw¥ò¡fis vL¤J KjÈš gŸËaiw âw¡f¥gL»wJ. ï›ntisÆš _®¤â, rhªÃ¤âa« bgW»‹wbjdyh«. Éuj eh£fŸ á¤âiu¥ guÂ, I¥gᥠguÂ, ijkhj Kjš br›thŒ Kjš mjhtJ x›bthU br›thí« M»a âd§fŸ itut RthÄ¡fhd Éuj eh£fshF«. ï¡fhy§fËš Kiw¥go ÉujÄUªJ át¥ò¥g£L, át¥ò khiy, til khiy v‹gt‰iw¢ rh¤â tÊghLfŸ brŒJ Éuj¤ij Ãiwnt‰wyh«.

fht‰ bjŒt« itut tÊghL ïy§ifÆš ïa‰ifnahoizªj X® tÊghlhf cŸsikiaí« eh« fhzKoí«.

Mfk§fËš Tw¥g£LŸsthW mt® »uhk ghyf®, C® ghJfhty®. Mfnt ãŸisah® nfhÉšfis¥ nghy itut¡nfhÉšfS« »uhk§fŸ njhW« cŸsd. ïyªijao itut®, òËao itut®, Myo itut®, fh£L itut® v‹W ku§fS¡F k¤âÆš Mya§fŸ mik¡f¥g£L rfyU« ïªj¡ fht‰ bjŒt¤ij tÊgL« tH¡f« ï‹W« v«k¤âÆš cŸsJ.

itut bgh§fš Vynt T¿a Éuj eh£fËY«, khj¥ãw¥ò, btŸË¡ »HikfËY«, Énrlkhf ij¥bgh§fš, á¤âiu tUl¥ãw¥ò âd§fËY« itut RthÄ¡F áw¥ghf¥ bgh§fš gil¡f¥gL»‹wJ. bgh§fš gilaYl‹ bgUkil nghl¥gLtJ tH¡f«. thiH¡Fiy, gyh¥gH«, kh«gH«, vYÄ¢r«gH«, jh«óy«, til, KW¡F, m¥g« Kjyhd gšntW ientjd¥ bghU£fŸ kilÆš áw¥ghf ïl« bgWtJ X® áw¥ghF«.

itut tÊghL Mya§fËš Énrl »ÇiafŸ Mu«gkhF«nghJ itut tÊghLfŸ áw¥ghf¢ brŒa¥gL»‹wd. »uhkrhªâÆš v£L¤â¡F¥ ghyf®fisí« itutiuí« rhªâ¥gL¤j kªâu ó®tkhf óirfSl‹ Ú‰W¥ór bt£Ljš, til khiy rh¤Jjš, rhj«. bt‰¿iy, ïªJ xË

7

#a tUl« kh®fÊ - ij

òuhz neh¡F K‹bdhUfhš njtU«, KÅtU« âUkhÈlK« âir KfÅlK« flîŸ ah® v‹gij¡ TW«go É©z¥ã¤jd®. mt®fŸ jhnk KG Kj‰ flîŸ vd¡ T¿d®. m›ntisÆš ntjK«, ãuztK« Ú§fŸ j®¡»¡f nt©lh«. átbgUkh‹ xUtnu KGKj‰ flîŸ vd¡ T¿d®. mt®fsJ kkijia ml¡f¢ átãuh‹ n#hâ tobtL¤J mjDŸns átgh®tâ tot¤ij¡ fh£odh®. mjid¡ f©L ÉZQ tz§»dh®. Mdhš átbgUkhid¥ nghynt vd¡F« IªJ jiyfŸ cŸsd vd¤ jdJ c¢á¢ áurhš átãuhid ãukh ïfœªjh®. átãuh‹ K‹ xU¡fhš jhUfid¡ bfh‹w r¡âÆ‹ nfhg¤ Ô FHªijíU¡bfh©lJ. fhË mij ts®¤jhŸ. mij¢ át‹ ïUja¤âš xL¡» it¤âUªjh®. mªj¢ r¡âia itut _®¤âahf ïja¤âÈUªJ njh‰Wɤjh®. ïªj _®¤â át_®¤âÆ‹ rfy m«r§fisí« bfh©L És§»‰W. átãuhÅ‹ MŠiP¥go itut® Úy Ãw¤ âUnkÅíl‹ Ny«, ghr«, guR, cL¡F v‹gt‰iw¡ fu§fËnyªâ _‹W f©fSlD« ïu¤j Ãw¢Rthiy ngh‹w rilílD« c¡»u%ãah» îthz nfhy¤Jl‹ fh£á bfhL¤jh®. ntj tothd ehia¤ jkJ thfdkhf¡ bfh©oUªjh®. átbgUkhÅ‹ mUshiz¥go ãukhÉ‹ xU áuáid¡ bfhŒJ mtuJ mfªijia ml¡»dh®. nkUkiyÆš ïUªJ itut® Ú§» njt® KÅt®fË‹ ãiBia V‰wh®. mt®fŸ cÆ®¤ bjGªjd®. itF©l¤âš ÉZQî¡F cÆ® bfhL¤jh®. ãu«kh gil¤j‰ flîŸ mšyth? Mfnt mtuJ áuir¡ bfhŒj ïu¤j« cybf§F« br‹wJ. mjid¤ jkJ be‰¿ ÉÊahš itut® t‰w¢ brŒjh®. itut® g‹Åu©L tUl§fŸ ãukf¤âia V‰W všyhîyFŠ bršifÆš itF©lKŠ br‹wh®. m§F itutiu

ÉZtnrd® v⮤jh®. mtiu¤ jkJ Ny¤jhš bfhŒJ ö¡»¡ bfh©L ÉZQ _®¤âÆlŠ bršy m§F ÉZQÉ‹ áuáÈUªJ MÆu« njt tUl« câu« brhÇant ÉZQ _®¢á¤jh®. ïjid¡ f©Q‰w ókhnjÉ itutiu nt©lnt ÉZQî¡F cÆ® bfhL¤J fhá nr¤âuŠ br‹W fghy¤ij É£L m§F fhy itutuhf vGªjUËdh®. átbgUkhÅ‹ MŠiP¥go r®tr«Ahu fhy¤âš ntj¥ bghUis¡ bfh©l ehia thfdkh¡»¡ bfh©L Ôikfis jkJ be‰¿¡ f©Âdhš cy»š ïšyhk‰ brŒjh® itut¡ flîŸ, áw¥g«r« itut® fht‰ bjŒt«, å£L¡fhtš, C®¡fhtš, nfhƉ fhtš ngh‹wit mtÇ‹ áw¥g«r§fshF«. cy»š nehŒ, ã V‰g£lhY« mt® ã Ԯ¡F« itutuhf cŸsh®. ah¤âiu bršgt®fS«, öu ïl§fS¡F¢ bršgt®fS« itutÇ‹ üÈid¡ f£o¡ bfh©L bršt®. fháÆš fhy itutÇ‹ fW¥ò üš všnyhuhY« g¡âíl‹ mÂa¥gL»wJ. rfy Éj¤âY« át¥ bghÈîl‹ fhtš brŒJ všnyhU¡F« mUŸ ghÈ¡F« itut RthÄia eh« Éuj mD£lhd§fSl‹ tÊg£L ïZl á¤âfis¥ bgWnthkhf.

"gukid kâ¤âlh¥ g§fahrd‹ xUjiy »ŸËna xʪj thdt® FUâí« mfªijí« bfh©L j©lK‹ òÇjU tLfid¥ ngh‰¿ brŒFth«". (e‹¿ : itut kh‹Äa« - 1995)

itutU« átD« âUkâ rhªâ ehî¡fur‹ gÂ¥ghs®, ïªJ rka fyhrhu mYtšfŸ âiz¡fs«

átÅ‹ ãŸisfŸ M»a Éehaf®, KUf‹ v‹W

fh¤jUstšyJ. ÔÉu cghridÆ‹ _y« fLikahd jtbe¿fis¥ ã‹g‰¿ átdUis mila ÉU«ãa gy átdU£ bršt®fŸ itut cghridÆ‹ ngÇ‹g¤ij¡ f©oU¡»‹wd®. fghÈf®fŸ itut cghridÆš ÔÉu <LghL bfh©lt®fŸ. "b[ªj®ayAÇ" v‹w »uªj« 41tJ Rnyhf¤âš fyh¡»Å U¤âudhš kAh ãusa¤âš gÞkkh¡f¥g£l cyf¤ij Û©L« c©L g©Q»‹w fhuz¤â‰fhf m«ãif Mdªj iguÉahfî«, gukát‹ Mdªj

ïU¥gJ nghy átÅ‹ át m«rkhd, áy âUîUt§fshf itut®, åug¤âu® v‹ngh® cs®. <rhd«, j‰òUõ«, mnfhu«, ir¤ânahrhj«, thknjt« KjÈa IªJ Kf§fSl‹ ïiwt‹ gy mUshlšfis¡ fh£oÆU¡»wh‹. ïªj tifÆš _®¤â ngj§fËš itutU« x‹W. áth«rkhd itut_®¤â cyf« v§F« Éahã¤âU¥gt®. ga§fu Ôikfisí«, NJfisí«, mʤJ ÉL»‹wh®. c¡»u _®¤âahd itutÇ‹ cghrid ÔikfËš ïUªJ ïªJ xË

8

#a tUl« kh®fÊ - ij

cz®¤â¡ fh£oa átr¡âia - itut _®¤âia midtU« ngh‰¿d®. (mf§fhu¤jhš mw« kwªj j£rid¤ j©o¤J¥ òfœ bg‰w åug¤âuiu¥ nghy) eh‹F KfD¡F¢ át‹ bgUik cz®¤â itut® bgUik bg‰wh®. itutU¡F fhyitut®, kAhitut®, nB¤âu ghy®, ãu«kh áuÞ nrj_®¤â v‹W gy bga®fŸ c©L. jÄœ üšfŸ itutiu "tLf njt®" v‹W F¿¥ãL»‹wd. euá«k c¡»u¤ij¡ Fiwªj r£ilehjuhfî« itut® tz§f¥gL»wh®. Ó®fhÊÆš njhÂa¥g® nfhÆÈš itutÇ‹ M¤jhuz _®¤j« vd¥gL« r£lehjiu¡ fhzyh«. ï¥bgUkh‹ euá«k c¡»u¤ij¤ j¤jij Ó®fhÊ jyòuhz«.

igutuhfî« jh©ltkho¡ bfh©L ïU¥gjhš áU§fhu«, åu«, AÞa«, m‰òj«, Õg¤[«, bus¤u«, gahdf«, fUiz, rhªâ v‹W x‹gJ Éjkhd u[§fS« btËtU»‹wd v‹W Tw¥gL»wJ. "yÈjh [AÞfuehk«" "iguÉ" v‹W m«ghis miH¡»‹wJ. J¡f¤ij mšyJ J¡f¤â‰F¡ fhuzkhd ght¤ij¥ ngh¡Ftjhš "U¤u‹" v‹W«, "itut®" v‹W« át‹ miH¡f¥gL»‹wh‹. igut jªâu¤ijna btË¥gL¤âat® Mdªj igut®. jh‹. Mdªj igutiu¤ jh‹. #f¤ áU£ona Mdªj iguÉ v‹gJ. mj‹ mâZlhd« jh‹ Mdªj iguÞ v‹gJ, kAhfhy [«Ïij, fhÈjªâu«, ÉŠPhd iguÞ KjÈa »uªj§fËš ïj‹ ÉÇit eh« fhzyh«.

"J§fkhk¤ öš tªâuÂa‹ nwhŸ tÈjid th§FŠ á§fnt‰W cÇ miu¡f ir¤jybfyhª nj®ªjsªjt‹ nkÅ a§f« ahî« X® fijajhŒ¡ bfh©l jd§»ah¥ òidfhÊ r§fth® FiH¢ r£l ehaf‹ Jiz¤jhkiu¢ ru© ngh‰¿"

"Rthfe¤ t#ha ɤknA Ny AÞjha ÔgÏ j‹ neh igut ¥unrhjah¤"

v‹gJ igutÇ‹ nguUis¥ bgWtj‰F tÊfh£L« fha¤âÇ kªâukhF«. ïij Mrhu¤Jl‹ jFªj FUehjuhš cgnjá¡f¥g£L X⥠ga‹bgw nt©L«. átdJ gy m«r§fŸ itut m«r« Äfî« K¡»akhdJ. Mya§fŸ njhW« itutU¡F rªÃâ c©L. Mya¤âš âdK« fhiyÆš óirfŸ Jt§FK‹dU« ïuî m®¤j #hk¤âš óir KoîW« nghJ« itutU¡F Énrõkhf óirfŸ brŒa nt©Lbk‹W "$ guh¤j ó#hÉâ" v‹D« üš TW»wJ. itutU¡F nB¤âu ghy® v‹W« xU bga® c©L. nB¤âu«, ò©Âa eâ Ôu«, gÇR¤jkhd öa jt¢rhiy, ïit ahî«, igutÇ‹ fhtY¡F mUsh£á¡F c£g£lit.

Mya¤âY« mt® C® všiyfËY« fhtš bjŒtkhf És§Ftjhfî« Tw¥gL»wJ. fháa«gâah»a ò©Âa jy¤â‹ fhtš ehaf‹ fhyitut _®¤â, ïtÇ‹ rªÃâÆš fW¥ò¡ fÆW f£o¡bfhŸsY« m§»UªJ th§»¡ bfh©L tUjY« tH¡fkhf ï‹dK« c©L. K‹ò ãuknjtD¡F IªJ jiyfŸ ïUªjd vdî« xU rka« jhnd cy»byšyh« ca®ªjt®; ïiza‰w gu«bghUŸ; v‹W mfªijí‰W ïUªj ntis átÅl« ïUªJ xU bgU« r¡â - c¡»u r¡â njh‹¿aJ. fh©nghiu¥ ga¤âš Mœ¤J« bfh^u tot¤âš fu§fËbyšyh« ga§fu Míj§fŸ bfh©L njh‹¿a mªj¢ r¡â ãu«kD¡F¥ ghl« òf£l v©Â mtdJ IªJ jiyfËš x‹iw¡ »ŸË v¿ªjJ. (fªjòuhz«) eh‹F KfKilatdh»a ã‹d® ãu«kD¡F jdJ jtiwí« átbgUkhÅ‹ bgUikiaí« czu KoªjJ. r¤âa¥ gu«bghUshd átdJ bgUikia cyF¡F

v‹W F¿¥ãL»‹wJ. itut cghrid, åu«, Phd«, ijÇa« ngh‹w gh¡»a§fis mË¡ftšyJ. ešÈašòfS« j®kK« eȪJ m¿ahik ïUŸ bfsÉ tU« ïªeh£fËš Û©L« ò¤bjhËí« òJ thœî« bgw tLehjid midtUnk cghá¤J cŒa nt©LtJ mtáakhF«. ïªâa óÄÆny cŸs itut rªÃâfËš fháÆš cŸs fhy itutiu¡ fhzhkš âU«òtâšiy. itut cghridia ÞâßfŸ, nfhiH kdKilat®fŸ brŒa¡ Tlhbj‹W IÔf« c©L. itut® c¡»u _®¤â v‹gjdhš ïU¡fyh«. ntj¤âš U¡ntj¤âY«, mj®tz ntj¤âY« itutiu¥g‰¿¡ Tw¥gL»‹wJ. fhá fh©l¤âš itut rǤâu« ÉÞjhukhŒ¡ Tw¥gL»‹wJ. všnyhuhY« itut cghrid ÔÉukhf¢ brŒa KoahJ nghdhY« ÔikfŸ mfy¥ óá¡f¥glnt©oa bjŒt ÃiyfËš x‹whf itut® ïl« bgw Koí«. átÅ‹ Phd _®¤j totnk ï‹W bgU«ghY« iutuhf tH¡»š it¤J tÊgl¥gL»‹wJ. ïy§ifÆš všyh¥ ghf§fËY« Kiw¥go Mfk« TW« Éâfis mD£o¤J Mya§fËš itutiu tz§F»wh®fŸ. fhtš bjŒtkhf, Phditutuhf, ahœ¥ghz¤âš mnefkhd Mya§fŸ c©L. itut® átÅ‹ X® m«rkhjyhš átdhfnt bfh©L tÊgl nt©L«. bgUFj‹ òfGsndh® ãujhg kl¡»ah§F KUFj§ fyÅ‹ nknyh‹K©l bt©fghy¤öL fUFig§ bfh©l‹ nkÅ fÉœ¤âL brªÚnu‰w Ú âUFÔ® tLf¥ò¤njŸ nrto br‹Ånr®¥gh«. ("âUehif¡fhnuhz¥ òuhz«" ) (e‹¿ : itut kh‹Äa« - 1995)

f‰óu Muh¤âÆ‹ j¤Jt«

ói# KoÉš f‰óu Ôg« fh£LtJ tH¡f«. ïiwtD¡F f‰óu Muh¤â vL¡F« nghJ f‰óu« vǪj ã‹ò rh«gnyh, öánah ntW vJînk Ä¢r« ïU¥gâšiy. f‰óu« j‹ thridia Phd¤ ÔÆš ï£L vJî« Ûj« ïšyhj ÃiyÆš bjŒt¤ij mil»‹wJ. f‰óu Ôg« V‰¿¡ fh£LifÆš ïiwaUŸ cyf¤âš ïU¡F«. mJ vǪJ rh«gyhtJ nghy M©ltDila n#hâÆš M‹kh fiuªJ x‹Wgl nt©L« v‹gij cz®¤J»‹wJ.

(ïªJ khk‹w btËplhd "ïªJ k¡fS¡F xU ifnaL" üÈÈUªJ vL¡f¥g£lJ.)

ïªJ xË

9

#a tUl« kh®fÊ - ij

<H¤J ïªJ kj¤âš

itut® tÊghL âUkâ bfsÇ Rnur‹ M. Ed.

ÉÇîiuahs®, ahœ. njáa fšÉÆa‰ fšÿÇ

g

šntW Mjhu§fË}lhf, k¡fŸ gy bjŒt§fis tz§»dh®fŸ v‹w c©ik fhz¥gL»‹wJ. gaK« ïa‰if Ãfœ¢áfshš V‰g£l m¢rKnk bjŒt e«ã¡ifia c©lh¡»d. mªj tifÆš <H¤J ïªJ kj¤âš itut® tÊghL« X® ï‹¿aikahj tÊghlhf mikªjJ.

igut® vD« gj«

“ÕU” (m¢r«) v‹D« tlbkhÊ¢ brhšÈ‹ moÆš ïUªJ ãwªjnj igut® v‹w gjkhF«. igut® v‹w brhšY¡F Äfî« ga§fukhdt® v‹gJ bghUshF«. vâÇfS¡F¥ ga« jªJ j‹id m©oat®fS¡F mUŸ ghÈ¥gjhš bgUkhD¡F¥ igut® v‹gJ bgauhƉW. nkY« g - gil¤jiyí«, u - fh¤jiyí«, t mʤjiyí« M»a ï« K¤bjhÊšfisí« M‰Wtjhš ïiwt‹ “igut‹” v‹W miH¡f¥gL»‹wh®. itut® v‹w brhšÈ‹ bghUis neh¡»‹, itu« ngh‹W â©ikahd njf« gil¤jtuhfî«, g¡j®fS¡F itu¤jhyhd nfh£il ngh‹W fhtš bjŒtkhf És§FtjhY« átbgUkhÅ‹ fhtš âU¡nfhy« itut® vd miH¡f¥g£lJ.

itut® tÊgh£o‹ njh‰WthŒ

»uhkk¡fŸ k¤âÆš eh£lh® tÊgh£L be¿fŸ g‰¿¡ F¿¥ãL« nghJ ït‰¿š nfhÆšfnsh m‹¿¢ bršth¡ FŸs órf®fnsh fhz¥gLtâšiy. ï¤jifa nfhÆšfŸ å£L¡ nfhoÆš, ku§fË‹ Ñœ mšyJ áWbfh£ošfËš fhz¥gLtJ ïašò. »uhk§fËš cŸs tÊgh£L KiwfŸ, ahœ¥ghz ïuh¢áa¤ij¥ ngh®¤J¡nfa® if¥g‰¿a clD« mj‹ ã‹d® l¢R¡fhu® M£áÆY« ts®¢á bg‰wd. eh£oYŸs ãujhd Mya§fis ït®fŸ jf®¤J É£lJ k£Lk‹¿¥ g»u§fkhf ïªJ¡fŸ jkJ tÊgh£L¡ flikfis nk‰bfhŸtj‰F« jil Éâ¤âUªjd®. ïjdhnyna mªÃaU¡F¤ bjÇahkš itutuJ Ny¤ij tsÉ‹ xJ¡F¥ òw§fËš it¤J tÊgL« kuò ÔÉukilªjJ. ï¡f£lhd fhyf£l¤âš K¤jiy¢ Ny¤ij ku¤âš it¤J tÊg£l k¡fŸ, mjid mªÃaÇ‹ ga¤â‹ ÃĤj« njitna‰gL«nghJ »¿Þjt®fSila áYitahfî« ïUjiyfisí« ko¤J¥ ghɤjd®. ï«K¤jiy¢ Ny« K«_®¤â j¤Jt¤ijí« <H¤J ïªJ kuãš itut® tÊgh£o‹ mo¤js¤ijí« Mjhu¤Jl‹ R£o¡ fh£L»‹wJ. ã‹d® ï¢Ny¤ij¡ nfhÆšfËš mikªJŸs ku§fsh»a nt«ò, muR, ehtš, Mš, òË, kUJ KjÈat‰¿š F¤â tÊg£ld®. ïitna ã‹d® nt«go itut®. òËao itutuhf kh¿ cUt tÊgh£nlhL« ã‹Å¥ ãizª JŸsij vL¤J¡ fh£lyh«.

ãu«k áu¢nrj _®¤â

itut® c‰g¤â

1. ãu«k‹ jiyia¡ bfhŒjJ K«_®¤âfËš x‹whd ãu«k‹ mfªijahš m¿î ka§»¢ átêjid brŒjnghJ átbgUkh‹ itutiu¤ njh‰Wɤjh®. itut® ãu«knjtÅ‹ IªjhtJ jiyia¡ »ŸËbaL¤J¡ fghykh¡»¡ bfh©lh®. mtD¡F m¢r_£o m¿it És¡f« bgw it¤jh®. mÚâfŸ, bfhLikfŸ njh‹W»‹w nghJ mt‰iw xL¡fnt átbgUkh‹ gy _®¤j§fis vL¡»wh® vd¢ irtrka¤ âUüšfŸ vL¤J ïa«ò»‹wd. ï›thW vL¤j _®¤j§fËš x‹nw itut _®¤jkhF«.

c¡»uitut® ïªJ xË

10

#a tUl« kh®fÊ - ij

fghykhiy, ᧻ khiy, áy«ò, gh«ò ït‰Wl‹ És§Ft®.

T®ikahd thŸ, âÇNy«, giftiu mŠá Xl it¡F« r¤j¤ij vG¥ò»‹w lkWf«, ghr«, m§Fr«, t¢u«, m¡»Å, fij, Éš, m«ò, j©l«, fghy«, #gkhiy, r§F, r¡fu«, cy¡if, kh‹, kG, f£th§f«, r¡â, <£o ït‰iw¡ ifÆš Vªâ ïU¥gh®. m£l itut®fŸ májh§f itut®, FU itut®, r©l itut®, Fnuhjd itut®, fghy itut®, c‹k¤j itut®, Õõz itut®, r«Ahu itut® M»nah®. r¥j khj®fshd ãuhÄ, knfÞtÇ, bfskhÇ, itZzÉ, tuh», ïªâuhÂ, rhK©o M»nah®fSl‹ r©o M»a v£L khj®fSl‹ Kiwna m‹d«, ïlg«, kÆš, fUl‹, Fâiu, ahid, á§f«, ehŒ M»a thfd§fSl‹ fh£á jUth®. ïjid Él itut® 64 nfhy§fËš És§F« nghJ 64 nah»Åfisí« jdJ r¡âahf¡ bfh©L És§Fth®. itut® jh¤Çif, bfsÇif v‹D« ïU njÉaUl‹ És§Ftjhfî« Tw¥gL»‹wJ. Rt®zhf®õz itut®, Rt®zjh v‹»‹w Rt®z iguÉia¤ j‹koÛJ mk®¤â¡ bfh©L fh£áaË¡»‹wh®.

2. kfh itut®, m£l itut® njh‰w« xU rka« mªjfNu‹ v‹gt‹ njt®fis J‹òW¤âaJl‹ mt®fis¥ bg© ntl¤Jl‹ âÇí«go brŒJ mtkhd¥gL¤âdh‹. njt®fË‹ Kiwp£L¡F¢ brÉrhŒ¤j átbgUkh‹ kfhitutiu c‰g¤â brŒJ mªjfid¡ bfh‹WtU«go MizÆ£lh®. itut® mâ c¡»u¤Jl‹ mt‹ ÛJ ngh® bjhL¤jh®. mtUila âUnkÅÆÈUªJ mZl itut®fŸ njh‹¿dh®. mªj v£L itut®fS¡F« njt®fŸ mZl khj®fis mˤJ ï‹g« bgw¢brŒjd®.

3. euá«k itut® njh‰w« átdoah®fS¡F ïl® ÉisɤJ¤ J‹òW¤âa fahRu‹ v‹w ahidia ml¡f itut® njh‰w« ÃfœªjJ. nkY« xU Kiw ïuÂatj« brŒtj‰F kfhÉZQ euá«k tot« vL¤J ïuÂaid¡ bfh‹w ã‹ f®t« bfh©lh®. mj‹ njhiy cǤJ î¡»uf« brŒa euá«k itut® njh‰w« V‰g£lJ. euá«k mtjhu« vL¤j âUkhÈ‹ njhiy cǤJ itut® jd¡F¥ ngh®¤âajhš r£ilehj® vD« bga® bg‰wh®. ï›thnw mnef mRu®fŸ njh‹¿a nghbjšyh« átbgUkh‹ mnef itut®fis c‰g¤â brŒjh®. mªj itut®fŸ jkJ g Koªj ãwF, <rhd ghf¤âš cŸs itut gj« v‹D« ïl¤âš j§» átóir brŒJ tU»‹wd®.

itut ehk§fŸ

itut® PhÅfËl« m¿î¢ nrhâia És¡F« Phd itutuhfî« nah»a®¡F¡ fhtyhf ïU¥gJl‹ jhnk bgÇa nah»ah» nahf itutuhfî«, kfhåu®fËl« c¡u itutuhfî«, gŠr ój§fis¡ fh¡F« ójitutuhfî«, ãu«k‹ jiyia¡ bfhŒJ ãu«k áu¢nrj _®¤âahfî«, ò©Âa jy§fis¡ fh¡F« nõ¤u ghyfuhfî« ï‹D« mnef tot§fisí« bfh©L k¡fis¡ fh¥gt®. tLf®, mg¤njh¤jhuz®, r£ilehj®, fŠRf‹, fÇK¡j‹, îthÂ, á¤j‹, fhghÈ, thJf‹, PhËô®ânah‹, fU§FâiuahË vd¥ gybga®fS« c©L.

itut® cUt«

itutljF v©z‰w tot« c©L. ïtljF eh‹F, v£L, g¤J; v©z‰w fu§fŸ c©L. îthzkhf És§Ft®. c¡»u¥ gh®it, nfhu¥g‰fŸ, #&thyhnfr«,

mZl itut®

njthu§fËš itut® tÊghL “fiyÆy§ F«kG f£l§f§ f©oif F©ly« ÉiyÆy§ F«k khl¤j® åÊ ÄHiyah® jiyÆy§ F«ãiw jhœtlŠ Nyª jkUf« miyÆy§ F«òd ny‰wt®¡ F«ko ah®¡Fnk.” májh§figut®

v‹W âUPhdr«gªj® itutiu¥ ngh‰¿dh®.

FU igut®

“ÉǤj gšfâ® bfhŸNy«, btogL jkU f§if jǤjnjh® nfhyfhy igutdh» ntH« cǤJ cik mŠr¡ f©L x©oU kÂthŒ ÉŸs áǤjUŸ brŒjh® nriw¢ brªbe¿¢ brštdhnu.”

vd m¥g® âU¢nriw¤ jy¤âYŸs kfh itutiu¤ Jâ¥g®.

âUkªâu« r©l igut®

c‹k¤j igut®

ïªJ xË

Fnuhjd igut®

Õõz igut®

10M« âUKiwah»a âUkªâu¤âš itut¢ r¡fu«, itutUila cUt¤âahd«, itut cghridÆ‹ ga‹, itut óir¡FÇa rhjd§fŸ, itutiu¤ âahd« brŒgt® vŒJ« ga‹fŸ v‹gd 1292 - 1296 tiuahd ghlšfËš ÉÇthf ÉǤJiu¡f¥gL»‹wd. ï›thnw itut® r¡âah»a ituÉÆ‹ cghrid, ituÉ¢ r¡fu«, ituÉ kªâu«, ituÉÆ‹ mU£âw« k‰W« ehuha KjÈa r¡âÆ‹ cghrid v‹gd 1076 - 1124 tiuahd ghlšfËš Tw¥gL»‹wJ. âUkªâu¥ ghlšfËš itutuJ cUt¤âahd« cz®¤j¥gLtij¡ ÑœtU« ghlšfŸ cz®¤J»‹wd.

fghy igut®

r«Ahu igut® 11

#a tUl« kh®fÊ - ij

Mnkt¥ ó©lU shâ tÆut‹ Mnk fghyKŠ NyK§ if¡bfh©l§ fhnk jkUf ghrK§ ifaJ thnk áu¤bjhL thsJ ifna.

ifaJ thW§ fU¤Jw neh¡»L bkŒaJ br«ik És§F tÆut‹ JŒaU s¤âš Js§F bkŒ í‰wjhŒ¥ bghŒtif É£LÚ órid brŒna.

Xâa eªâ czUª âUtUŸ ÚâÆš ntj be¿tª Jiu brŒí« nghj« ïUg¤ bjGehŸ òz® kâ nrhâ tÆuÉ Ny«tª jhSnk - 1080

Mfk§fËš itut tÊghL

$k¤ c¤jufhuzhfk« 9 MtJ »uhkrhªâ É⥠gly¤âš knfh‰rt«, ãuâZil KjÈat‰¿‹ Mu«g¤âš »uhkrhªâ brŒa¥glš nt©L«. ïâš itut® tÊghL K¡»akhf ïl«bgw nt©L« v‹W« Tw¥g£LŸsJ. 24MtJ knfh‰rt Éâ¥gly¤âš 68« Rnyhf¤âš nfhÆš mik¥ò¥ g‰¿¡ F¿¥ãLifÆš <rhd¤âš itutUila rªÃjhd« mik¤jš g‰¿¡ F¿¥ãl¥ gL»‹wJ. c¤jufhuzhfk« 70 MtJ gly¤âš itut nB¤u ghyf¥ ãuâZlh Éâí«, ó®tfhuzhfk« 103 MtJ gly¤âš nB¤ughy m®¢rdh Éâí«, mÍjhfk« 36tJ gly¤âš nB¤ughy brh%g« »ÇahghjK«, R¥ungjhfk¤âš nr¤âughy ã«gy£rzK«, kFlhfk¤âš 07MtJ kFl¤âš nB¤âughy® âahd« k‰W« óir KiwfS« busutthfk« 51MtJ gly¤âš nB¤âughy® Þjhgd Éâí« F¿¥ãl¥gLtJ k£Lk‹¿ k‰W« gy Mfk§fËY« itut® g‰¿a Étu§fŸ R£l¥gL»‹wd.

k‰W«

v‹wthW ituÉ Phd¤ijí« mUË Ny¤Jl‹ tªJ fh¤jUŸth® vd¤ âU_y® TWt®.

bgÇaòuhz«

áWbjh©l ehadhiu cŒÉ¡f tªj igut®

ïa‰gifah®, áW¤bjh©l®, khd¡ fŠrhw® M»nah® itut rka¤ij¢ rh®ªjt®fŸ. átdoah®fis âUtKJ brŒÉ¡F« âU¤bjh©L brŒgtuhd âU¤bjh©l ehadhÇl« “itut¢ r§»uk®” ntl« jh§» tªj átbgUkh‹ MW khj¤â‰bfhUKiw k£L« eugR c©gjhf¡ T¿ mj‰FÇa ehŸ ï‹W vd czî nf£likia bgÇa òuhz« TW«. ïªj ehns itut Éujkh»a á¤âiu¥ gu mšyJ I¥gᥠguÂahf ïU¡f nt©L« vd MuhŒ¢áahs® TWt®. eugÈ nf£L tªj fhuz¤âdhnyna ï‹W« gy itut Mya§fËš gÈÆlš, kil guîjš tHik ïUªJ tU»wJ.

ãw üšfËš itut® tÊghL

ãuâkhy£rz«, ãuâkhnfhr«, rhuÞtÔa á¤uf®k rhÞâu«, á‰g u¤âd«, átkŠrÇ, Mfhr itut fšgjªâu«, $kfhy£RÄ kªâunfhr«, ãugŠrrhu r§»uf«, kªâu kõh®et«, Mfk mÄ®jt®áÅ, tLfitut fš¥g« KjÈa üšfËš itutuJ njh‰w«, itut tÊghL, itut cUt§fŸ v‹gd g‰¿¢ áw¥ã¡f¥gL»‹wJ.

tÊgh£L KiwfŸ

itutuJ tÊgh£L KiwfŸ Mfk KiwÆš - bgUª bjŒt tÊghlhfî«, »uhÄa KiwÆš - áW bjŒt tÊghlhfî« ïl«bg‰W tU»‹wJ.

òuhz§fŸ

fªjòuhz¤âš itutUila c‰g¤â, mtUila njh‰w«, itut® m‰òj§fŸ, itut tÊghL v‹gd g‰¿ jBfh©l¤â‹ jÔáí¤ju¥ gly¤âš Äf ÉÇthf¡ Tw¥gL»‹wJ. ïit jÉu fhŠá¥ òuhz«, kôu¥òuhz«, fl«gtd¥òuhz« KjÈa ü‰W¡fz¡fhd jy òuhz§fËš itut® g‰¿¡ Tw¥gL»‹wJ. itut_®¤j« c¡»u« ÃiwªjJ. Mdhš Ô§F brŒahJ. e‹ikna òÇtjhfnt fhz¥gL»‹wJ vd itut _®¤âÆ‹ njh‰w« g‰¿a fªjòuhz¥ ghlš És¡F»‹wJ.

“gukid kâ¤âlh¥ g§fahrd‹ xUjiy »ŸËna bahʪj thdt® FUâí kfªijí§ bfh©L j©lK‹ òÇjU tLfid¥ ngh‰¿ brŒFth«”

itut® Míj§fS« á‹d§fS« 1.

5.

9.

13.

17.

21.

25.

29.

eh« âÇfuz R¤âíl‹ itut¥ bgUkhid tÊgLnth khÆ‹ v«ÄlKŸs mRu¤ j‹ikí« Éy§Fz®îfS« Ú¡f¥g£L e‹bd¿Æš thH tÊ tF¡F«. ïªJ xË

12

m§Fr« thŸ njhku« âÇNy« m«ò r¡ântš k lkUf«

2.

6.

10.

14.

18.

22.

26.

30.

Þtªj« nrtš t{u« l§fh jhkiu f©zho m¡fkhiy m¡fkhiy

3.

7.

11.

15.

19.

23.

27.

31.

ghr« kG t{u« fij jhkiu lkUf« fk©ly« fk©ly«

4.

8.

12.

16.

20.

24.

28.

nflf« âÇNy« m¡»Å Éš f£th§f« »Ë VL

#a tUl« kh®fÊ - ij

cil¡f¥glhj KG¤nj§fhŒ, eh®¥gH§fŸ, át¥ò t©z« njhŒ¤j fšahz¥ órÅ¡fhŒ, nj‹, til, mɤj czîfŸ KjÈat‰iw¥ gil¥gh®fŸ. itutljF eªâaht®¤j« óthš m®¢rid brŒa¡ TlhJ. itutljF ÉU¥gkhd ó br©gf¥ó. ÄsF¥bgh£lÅia beŒ mšyJ ešby©bzÆš itutU¡F vǤjhš tWik Ú§F«. bršt« bgUF«. ïHªj bršt¤ij Ûs¥ bgwyh«.

Mg¤J¡ fhy§fËY«, vâÇfshš eh£o‰F í¤jga« V‰gL« nghâY«, bfhoa Éy§FfËdhš J‹g« neU« nghJ«, âUl®fshš bjhšiyfŸ V‰gL« nghJ« itutU¡F¢ rfÞuehk m®¢rid brŒtjhš všyhÉj fZl§fS« Ú§» e‹ikfŸ V‰gL«.

FHªij¥ gh¡»a« ïšyhj fzt®, kidÉa® MWnjŒ ãiw mZlÄÆš itutU¡F¢ át¥ò muËÆdhš rfÞuehk m®¢rid brŒtjhš ÉiuÉš rªjhd gh¡»a« »il¡F«. btŸË¡»HikfËš khiy neu§fËš Éšt ïiyfËdhY«, thrid ky®fshY« itutU¡F rfÞuehk m®¢rid brŒtjhš tWik Ú§»¢ bršt« bgUF«. itutU¡F rÅ¡»HikfËš rfÞuehk m®¢rid brŒtjhš rÜRtuU« k»œ¢á milªJ VHiu eh£L¢rÅ, mZlk¤J¢ rÅ, KjÈa rÅ¡»uf cghijfŸ KGtijí« Ú¡FtJl‹ ešy nahfkhd gy‹fisí« mUŸ»wh®.

PhƉW¡»HikfËš uhF fhy¤âš itutU¡F cU¤âuh mãnõfnkh mšyJ Éóâ mãnõfnkh brŒJ tilkhiy rh‰¿¢ rfÞuehk m®¢rid brŒJ tÊgLtjhš âUkzkhfhj M©, bg©, ïUghyhU¡F« ÉiuÉš âUkz« eilbgW«. itutiu ïilÉlhkš tÊg£L tUgt®fS¡F, Mfk jªâu rhÞâu§fŸ, ca®ªj FU »il¤J cghrd (tÊgh£L) kh®¡f¤âš nk‹nkY« K‹ndw mUŸ ghÈ¡»‹wh®. itut rfÞuehk¤ij x‹gJ Kiw itutU¡F m®¢rid brŒJ mtut® trâ¡nf‰wgo jÆ®, m‹d gŸisa« (jÆ® m‹d¥ghthil) nj§fhŒ, nj‹ gil¤J tÊg£lhš tH¡»š bt‰¿ »il¡F«. Éahghu¤âš ešy ïyhg« »il¡F«. g§Fjhu®fS¡FŸ x‰Wik Ãyî«. vâÇfshš V‰gL« bjhšiy k‰W« ãšÈ NÅa« ngh‹w kªâu¥ ãunahf¤jhš V‰gL« bjhšiyfŸ monahL mfY«. ï›tsî bgUikfisí« mU£âw‹fisí« bfh©L És§F« itutiu¢ áthya§fËY« jÅ Mya§fËY« f©L tÊglyh«.

1. Mfk tÊgh£L Kiw Mya§fËš eilbgW»‹w óirfŸ, »ÇiafŸ ngh‹w tÊghLfËš ÉehafU¡F tz¡f« brY¤Jjš KjÈl« bgWtJ ngh‹W ït‰¿‹ KoÉny itutU¡F tz¡f« brY¤Jjš K¡»a ïl« bgW»‹wJ. Mfk Éâ¥go mikªj Éehaf®, át‹, KUf‹, r¡â Mya§ fËš itut¥ bgUkh‹ gÇthu¤ bjŒt§fËš xUtuhf¥ ãuâZil brŒa¥g£LŸsh®. _y_®¤âahf itut® mikªj jÅ itut Mya§fS« <H¤âš fhz¥gL»‹wd.

Mya knfh‰rt¤â‹ ïWâÆš itut® rhªâ brŒa¥ gLtJ« äâa óirÆš m®¤jrhk¥ óir Koªj ã‹ <rhdgj¤âš cŸs itutÇl« Mya¤âw¥ò x¥gil¡f¥ gLtijí« fhzyh«. mJ k£Lk‹¿ knfh‰rt Mu«g¤â‹ »uhkrhªâÆš itut® tÊghL« ïl«bgW»‹wJ. nfhÆiy¡ fhtš brŒí« bjŒt« kh¤âukšy R‰whliyí« itut® fh¡»‹wh®. fhtšbjŒtkh»a itutÇ‹ thfdkhf mikªâU¥gJ«, fhtš brŒtâš tšyik bg‰wJ« ehahF«. ehia¢ “Rthd«” v‹g®. nfhÆšfËnyh mšyJ mj‹ NHšfËnyh âU£L, bfhiy KjÈa gÊght§fis¥ òÇa k¡fŸ mŠRtJ« itut® ÛJŸs ga¤âdhš MF«. itut® tÊgh£oš xG§F, f£L¥ghL v‹gd V‰g£L cŸsbj‹gij vtU« kW¡f KoahJ. itut® JZl á»uf áZl gÇghyd« brŒgt® Mt®.

2. »uhÄa tÊgh£L Kiw »uhk§fËš mikªJŸs Vuhskhd áW, áW itut® Mya§fËš, k¡fŸ jh«, jh« ÉU«ãa goí« m§FŸs »uhk tH¡F¥ goí« jkJ trâ¡nf‰gî« itut® tÊgh£il M‰¿ tU»‹wd®. ïJk£Lk‹¿ c¡»u_®¤jkhf itut® ïU¥gjhš mt® khÄr czit ÉU«ã c©gt® vd¥ giHa üšfËš F¿¥ãl¥g£oU¥gjhY« itut® Mya¤âš Ú©l fhykhf¥ gÈÆlš ïl« bg‰W tªâU¡»‹wJ. ã‹d® m¿î ßâahfî«, r£l ßâahfî« gÈÆlš ifÉl¥g£l nghâY« ï‹W« Tl¡ fîzht¤ij itut® Mya« KjÈa ïl§fËš MÆu¡fz¡»š MLfis gÈÆL« tH¡f« ïU¡»‹wJ. ïj‹ bjhl®¢áahf¥ gÈÆLtj‹ milahs¢ á‹dkhf¡ »uhk rhªâÆ‹ nghJ áy Mya§fËny nfhÊ x‹iw¡ bfh©L tªJ gÈÆL« ghtid fhz¥gL»wJ. Vida ïl§fËš ïj‰F¥ gâyhf Ú¤J¡fhia bt£L tij¡ fhzyh«. itut® tÊgh£oš g¡â, gutr«, Mntr M£l§fŸ, th¡F¢ brhšYjš v‹gd K¡»a ïl« bgW»‹wd.

M©o‰bfhUKiw bgh§fš, kil guîjš v‹gd ïl« bgW»‹wd. fuf«, fhto fh¤jtuha‹ T¤J v‹gdî« K¡»a ïl« bgW»‹wd.

ahœ¥ghz¤âš itut® tÊghL ahœ¥ghz¤âš fhz¥gL« itut® Mya§fSŸ

bfh¡FÉš jiyahÊ Phd itut® Mya« F¿¥ãl¤j¡fJ. ï›thya« <H¤âš itut¥ bgUkhD¡F mikªJŸs Mya§fŸ všyht‰¿Y« jŤJtkhdJ« msthš bgÇaJkhf És§F»‹wJ. fh§nfr‹Jiw¡F¢ rÛgkhf cŸs khÉ£lòu« òift©o Ãiya¤â‰F¡ »H¡nf gis v‹w giHikahd C® c©L. ï§F gRikahd ku§fŸ NH¡ f«Õukhd ïuh#nfhòu¤Jl‹ gh®¥gtiu Éa¡f it¡F« itut® âU¡nfhÆš cŸsJ. ïuh#nfhòu¤Jl‹ Toa nfhÆš bfh©l itut® Mya« ïJntahF«. ï¡nfhÆÈ‹ ehŒ thfd« Äf¥bgÇajhfî« òJikílD« És§F»‹wJ.

Éuj§fS« órid KiwfS« ga‹fS«

1. ij khj¤âš tU« Kjš br›thŒ bjhl§» x›bthU br›thí« MF«. (k§fs thu«).

2. á¤âiu khj¥ gu e£r¤âu¤ijí«.

3. I¥gá khj¥ gu e£r¤âu¤ijí« Éujkhf mD£o¥ gh®fŸ. ïªj eh£fËš ÉujÄUªJ itutU¡F ÉU¥gkhd át¥ò¥ g£L, khÉs¡F, beŒ, mãnõf«, beŒ¤Ôg«, ïªJ xË

13

#a tUl« kh®fÊ - ij

6. rkhjhd¤njhL Toa thœ¡if Kiwiaí« Ó®Äa¤ Jl‹ bfh©L bršy ï› itut® tÊghnl bgÇJ« cjwJ.

bfh¡FÉš »H¡F nfhzhtis itut® Mya« áw¥ò thŒªjJ. ïJ k£Lk‹¿ cU«ãuhŒ¡ fh£L itut® nfhÆš, r§fhid Ãfiu itut® nfhÆš, ïQÉš Phditut® nfhÆš, fu«bgh‹ Phditut® nfhÆš, <H¤J¢ áj«gu« vd¢ áw¥ã¡f¥gL« fhiuefÇš tuyh‰W¢ áw¥ò Ä¡f â©iz¡fË itut® Mya« v‹gd ahœ¥ghz¤âš Äfî« áw¥ò¥bg‰w itut Mya§fshf ï‹W« âfœ»‹wd.

crh¤Jiz üšfŸ

1. nguháÇa®. vÞ. ehuhazrhÄ “kfh igut®”, âUthtLJiw MÔd« 2004 2. KjÈah® Fyrghehj‹ “ahœ¥ghz itgtkhiy” 3. fyhÃâ. á. f. á‰w«gy« “ahœ¥ghz ïuh¢áa«” ahœ gšfiy¡fHf« âUbešntÈ 1992 4. fyhÃâ á. f. á‰w«gy« “ahœ¥ghz« bjh‹ik tuyhW”, ahœ gšfiy¡fHf« ahœ¥ghz«. 01.10.1993 5. irt¥òyt® njáak “irtrka áªjhk”, bfhG«ò. V. É. M®. V m¢rf«.

1960 6. fyhÃâ. f. Fzuhrh “<H¤jt® tuyhW”, óghyá§f« gâ¥gf« 340 br£o¤ bjU, bfhG«ò. 1996 7. âUkâ átfhÄ rhÄáj«gudh® gHªjÄœ thœî« ts®¢áí« ïy¡»a Ãiya«, br‹id. 1961 8. òyt® c. j. nfhɪjrhÄ “Mya§fË‹ tuyhW”, ó«òfh® gâ¥gf« br‹id 1993.

9. ãu«k$ g. áthdªj r®kh “ïJjh‹ ïªJkj«”, r®thdªjka Õl«, ïQÉš 2004 10. $. MWKfehty® bgh‹d«gyãŸis “fªjòuhz«”, ɤâahEghyaªâurhiy, br‹idg£lz«. 1953 11. m. j£rzh_®¤â “jÄH® ehfÇfK« g©ghL«”, v«. VR. ãÇ©l®Þ br‹id 1999.

12. mUŸ xË I¥gá khj ïjœ, $J®¡fhnjÉ njtÞjhd« bjšÈ¥giH. 2003 13. irtbe¿ - ju« 11 fšÉ btËp£L¤ âiz¡fs«. 2000.

Vida kht£l§fËš itut® tÊghL âUnfhzkiy ghiyô‰W ct®kiy, bgUªbjU

br¡fo itut® Mya§fŸ áw¥ò¥ bg‰wit. ï›thya§fËš my§fhu¤ âUÉHh¡fns ïl« bgW»‹wd. k£l¡fs¥ãš - $euá§f itut® Mya« áw¥ò¥ bg‰wJ. jÅ¡nfhÆš f®¥g¡»uf _®¤âahf mk®ªJ mUŸ ghÈ¡F« itut® Mya« ïJthF«. nkY« Vida k£l¡fs¥ò itut Mya§fŸ v§»Y« fjî âw¤jš, bgh§fš, kil guîjš, fhÉa« ghlš, fjî mil¤jš vD« xG§F Kiw¡fikªj rl§F Kiwfns eilbgW»‹wd.

fU¤nj‰w«

1. itut® tÊgh£oDila ghu«gÇa tÊgh£L Kiwfis Ãiyeh£l nt©L«. j‰fhy¤âš mit mU» tuš. ït‰¿‰F k¡fËilna ÉÊ¥òz®îfis V‰gL¤j¡ fU¤ju§FfŸ, ïªJ khehLfŸ, ïy¤âuÅaš Clhd bra‰ghLfŸ, ehlf§fŸ v‹gt‰iw V‰gL¤Jjš.

2. í¤j¤jhš mʪj, áijªj, ó£oa itut® Mya§fis¥ òduik¡f¥glš nt©L«.

3. guhkÇ¡f Koahj itut Mya§fˉF, ïªJkhk‹w§fŸ, ïªJ¤bjh©l® mik¥ò¡fŸ cjÉfis, e‹bfhilfis tH§fš.

4. j‰fhy r_f¤âdÇilna bgÇatuhÆD« rÇ, á¿atuhÆD« rÇ mt®fËilna xG¡f¢ Ó®FiyîfŸ fhz¥gL»‹wd. ïj‰F ëkâ, ghJfh¥ò, e«ã¡if, g¡â, m‹ò, m»«ir ngh‹w nk«ghLfis e‹ik brŒ»‹w, ghJfh¡»‹w itut tÊgh£o}lhf nk«gL¤jš.

5. ghu«gÇa¤ij Ã%ã¤jš mjhtJ m‹ÅauJ M£áÆÈUªJ ghJfh¤j itut® tÊgh£il¡ f£o¡ fh¤J¢ áwªj g©ghL, gH¡ftH¡f«, rka¥g‰W¡ bfh©l ÓÇa r_f¤ij¤ njh‰Wɤjš.

(khk‹w bgh‹ÉHh áw¥òkyÇš (2005) btËtªj f£Liu)

ïuh# nfhòu« “nfhòu jÇrd« nfho ò©Âa«”, “nfhòu jÇrd« ghg Énkhrd«” v‹gd M‹nwh® th¡F. nfhÆÈny Äf ca®ªj mik¥òl‹ És§FtJ uh# nfhòukhF«. ïj‰F öy ȧf« v‹gJ bga®, (öy« - f©zhš gh®¡f¡ToaJ) nah»fŸ. “ãukuªâu k¤a fghy¤thu«”, vd nfhòu¤ij F¿¥ãLt®.

R¥ãu ngjhfk¤âš “öuÞa áfnu ¤UZ£th aht¤ ifyhr ójy«” v‹W F¿¥ãl¥g£LŸsJ. mjhtJ nfhòu¤âš áfu¤ij v›tsî öu¤âš ïUªJ gh®¡f¤ bjÇínkh m›tsî öuïlK« ónyhf¡ ifyhr« v‹W miH¡f¥gL«. nfhòu« _‹W mL¡FfŸ bfh©L« mikªJŸsJ. ïJ #h¡u«, brh¥d«, RR¥â vD« _‹iw¡ F¿¡F«. mJnghš IªJ mL¡F I«bgh¿fis¡ F¿¡F«. VG m L ¡ F I«bgh¿fSl‹ kd«, ò¤â v‹gitia¡ F¿¡F«. x‹gJ mL¡F I«bgh¿fSl‹ kd«, ò¤â, á¤j«, mf§fhu« ït‰iw¡ F¿¡F«. (ïªJ khk‹w btËplhd "ïªJ k¡fS¡F xU ifnaL" üÈÈUªJ vL¡f¥g£lJ.) ïªJ xË

14

#a tUl« kh®fÊ - ij

itut kh‹Äa« (mku®) átbe¿¢bršt® ïuh. kÆšthfd«

itut khd;kpak; vd;Dk; jiyaq;fk;

$Wfpd;wd. ,tuJ thfdk; Rthdk; (eha;)| MAjk; #yk;.

,uz;L nrhw;fisf; nfhz;lJ. xd;W ituth;. kw;wJ khd;kpak;. ituth; vd;gJ tlnkhopapy; iguth; vd;W cr;rhpf;fg;gLfpwJ. khd;kpak; ngUik vd;Dk; nghUs; nfhz;lJ. itutf; flTis gy ehkq;fshy; miog;ghh;fs;.

fhyituth; fghyj;ijf; ifapy; Ve;jpath;> fhJfspy; mofpa Fz;lyq;fis jhpj;jpUg;gth;> ifapy; jz;lk; ,Uf;Fk;> fUik epwKilath;> rh;g;gj;ijg; G+Z}yhff; nfhz;lth;> Nghh;f; Nfhyf; fhl;rpahy; ,ilA+Wfis kha;j;J jd; gf;jh;fSf;F ,d;gkspg;gth;.

#lhkzp epfz;L 'Kj;jNd Fkud; gps;is %Lty; ntk; gilNahd; fhhp rpj;jd; Nfj;jpu ghyd;Nd nre;njhilf; Fhpa Nfhkhd; tpj;jfd; Qhsp A+h;jp tpww; fUq;F jpiuahsp itj;j rPh;tLf dpd;d itut ehkNk"

cf;fpu ituth; fhz;Nghiu kpusr; nra;Ak; cf;fpu tbtkha; ,Ug;ghh;. Kfj;jpy; Nfhgf;fdy; nfhe;jspf;f MNtrj;Jld; ,Ue;J gpuk;k rpur;Nrjk; nra;jtUk; ,tNu. Mya rpw;gq;fspy; fhz;fpd;w cf;fpu ituth; vdg;gLgth;. [lhKb> jPr; Rlh;> gaq;fu MAjk; vd;gdtw;iwf; nfhz;L ,Ug;ghh;.

Kj;jd;> Fkud;> gps;is> KLtw; gilNahd;> fhhp> rpj;jd;> Nfj;jpu ghyd;> nre;njhilf;Fhpa Nfhkhd;> tpj;jfd;> QhdpA+h;jp> fUq;Fjpiuahsp> tLfd; ,g;ngah;fs; fhuzq; nfhz;Lk; ,ay;ghfTk; te;jd.

tLfehjh; Rthd (eha;) thfdj;ij cilatuha; mUs; ghypg;gth;. rhjhuzkhf ,g; ngaiuNa NgRthh;fs;. fhz;Nghh;f;F vspikahd Kiwapy; mUs; ghypg;ghh;. tLfehjh; fUizkpf;fth;. ml;rkhiy> fkz;lyk; Mfpatw;iwf; nfhz;l ,th; thf;NjtpAld; ,Ug;ghh;. jd;id cs;sd;NghL tzq;Fgth;fSf;Ff; Fiwahj mUisf; nfhLg;ghh;. gy Myaq;fspy; tLfehjUf;F Ntwhd ];jhgdKk;> rpw;g Ntiy mike;j NfhGuq;fSKz;L. jQ;ir> kJiu> fhQ;rp> fhrp ,itfs; tpNrlk; ngw;wd. gpukNjth; nrUf;file;j fhyj;J mtuJ Ie;J rpuq;fSs; xd;iwf; fps;spa rptd; jpUTU.

mgpjhd rpe;jhkzpapy; fz;lh ituth;> cd;kj;j ituth;> fghy ituth;> tpG+\z ituth;> khh;j;jhz;l ituth;> Rje;jpu ituth;> RNtr;ru ituth;> cNyhf ituth;> cf;fpu ituth;> gpur;rad ituth;> eph;thz taputh;> G+\z ituth; vd;W $wg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. ek; nghpNahh;fs; fhyituth;> k`htaputh;> N~j;jpughyh;> gpUk;k rpu];Nrj %h;j;jp vd;W gythW $Wth;. tLfNjth;> rl;lehjh;> eurpk;k ituth; vd;gd jkpo; E}y;fshy; vLj;jhsg;gLk; ngah;fshFk;.

rl;ilehjh; itut%h;j;jpapd; kw;Nwhh; tbtk;> eurpk;k cf;fpuj;ijf; Fiwj;jth;. rl;ilehjUf;F jQ;ir khtl;lj;J Nrhoh;fspdJ gioa Nfhapy;fspy; rpw;g gbkf;Nfhyq;fs; cz;L. MNtrkhd eurpk;kj;ijf; nfstp mjd; cf;fpuj;ij Fiwe;j ,uj;jj;ij cwpQ;rpf; Fbf;fpd;w ghzpapy; rpw;gj;ijf; fhzyhk;. rPh;fhopapy; Njhzpag;gh; Nfhapypy; ituthpd; Mgj;Jj; jhuz%h;j;jk; vdg;gLQ; rl;ilehjiuf; fhzyhk;. tp\;Z %h;j;jpapd; nrUf;flf;f vLj;j eurpk;k rhgj; jpUTUTf;Fg; gpd;G tp\;Z %h;j;jpf;Fj; jhprdk; je;j jpUTU.

Guhzq;fspy; $wg;gl;Ls;s itut %h;j;jq;fs;:k`htaputh; xsp nghUe;jpa cf;fpuKk;> vz;fuq;fspy; rh;g;gk;> lkUfk;> mq;Frk;> fl;fk;> mkph;jk;> fyhgk;> tuk;> mgak; Mfpatw;iwj; jhq;fpAk; cs;sth;. kufjk; Nghd;w epwKilath;> re;jpuidr; rpurpy; nfhz;lth;. [lhKbAk;> %d;W fz;fSKilath; vd;W rpw;g rh];jpu E}y;fs; ïªJ xË

15

#a tUl« kh®fÊ - ij

tpyfkhl;lhjpUf;Fk; vk;kNdhh;f;F vg;gb mwpa KbAk; ,tiu. epidg;Gkha; kwg;Gkhfp> epidtpDf;F vl;lh njhd;wha;> midj;Jkha; epd;W mUkiwf; nfhOe;jha; cs;sth;. fLf;ifahq; fz;zpNahL Gdpw;W ntz; jpq;fs; Gide;j nrQ;ril> mutzpe;j mq;fk;> Gu%d; nwhpj;j Gd;KWty;> ,t;thwha rptd; mbahh;fSf;F mDf;fpufQ; nra;aTk;> J\;liu epf;fpufQ; nra;aTk; vLj;j %h;j;jq;fSs; itutf; flTSnkhUth; Mth;. rptd; vd;Dk; ehkk; jdf;NfAhpa nrk;Nkdpnak;khd; vd;Wk; rptNdhnlhf;Fk; nja;tk; NjbDkpy;iy vd;Wk; Njt Njtndd;Wk; gythwhfg; Nghw;Wth;. epiw kyk; mdhjpapd; ePq;fp epw;wypd; ,iwtd; vd;whh;.

Ntjq;fs; ehd;Fk; tphpthf ,thpd; ngUikiaf; $Wfpd;wd. itutf; flTs; vd;w ngaUld; ,th; Gfo; $wg;gLfpd;wJ. flTs; epiwe;j md;Gk;> ,d;gKk;> J}a;ikAk;> Mw;wYk; cs;sth;. flTSf;F ,uz;L epiyfs; cz;L. xd;W rpwg;G ,ay;G vd;Wk; $Wk; nrh&gyl;rzk;.

Chpyhd;> Nghpyhd;> Fzkpyhd; vd;gjpdhNy>

rPh;fhopg; Guhzk; 'Jq;fkhkzpj; J}zpy; te;J ,uzpad; typjid

tzq;Fk; rpq;fuj;J chp miuf;F mirj;J cyF vyhk; Njh;e;J

mse;J mtd; Nkdp mq;fk; ahTk; Xh; fijajha;f; nfhz;L mjd; mq;fpaha;g;

Gidfhop rq;fthh; Fior; rl;l ehafd; Jizj; jhkiur; ruz;

Nghw;wp"

,t;thW $WfpwJ. jpUtz;zhkiy> mUzhrNy];tuh;> Myaq;fspy; cs;s itut re;epjp Vfg;gpugy;akhf tpsq;FfpwJ. ,d;Wk; ngUikAld; tpsq;Ffpwhh; mz;zhkiy ituth;. ,J ghh;g;gjw;F kpf mofpaJ. rpw;gk;> jQ;ir khtl;lk; gl;Br;Rtuj;jpd; Myaj;jpYs;s itut %h;j;jpAk;> N~j;jpughyGuj;jpYs;s %h;j;jpAk; kpf mofhdjhFk;> gpurpj;jkhdJk; $l. m\;l ituth; 'guhf;fpak;" vd;Dk; E}y; vl;L ituth;fspd; rpwg;igg; gw;wpf; $Wk;. ,itfs; fhyituth;> fy;ghe;j ituth;> cf;FNuhj ituth;> fghy ituth;> ]k;`hu ituth;> cd;kj;j ituth;> rz;l ituth;> cf;fpu ituth; vd;Dk; ngah;fshFk;. nrd;idf;fLj;j jpUthd;kpA+hpy; re;epjpfs; cz;L. Mya gypgPlj;jpy; ml;l ituth;fs; ciwtjhy; gypgPlj;jpd; G+irapd; NghJ ,th;fSf;Fk; G+ir cz;L. Myaq;fspy; itut%h;j;jp fhty; nja;tkhf mike;Js;shh;. Nfhtpw; G+irfs; vy;yhk; Kbe;J filrpahf ,tiug; G+rpj;J ,t;thyaj;ijf; fhg;ghahf vd;W tzq;fp jpwg;ig xg;Gtpg;gJk; tof;fkhAs;sJ. ,tw;iw tpl KdP];tuh; vd;w ngaNuhL mkh;e;jpUg;gijAk; fhzyhk;. Myaq;fs; jpwe;J G+rpg;gjd; NghJk; ,th; G+rpf;fg;gLfpwhh;. ejpjPuq;fspy; ePuhlr; nry;gth;fSk; Kjypy; itutf; flTis tzq;fpNa ePuhlr; nry;thh;fs;| Md fhuzq;fshy; fhty; nja;tk; vd;gJ nghUe;Jk;.

'ikg;gbe;j fz;zhSe; jhDq; fr;rp kahdj;jhd; thh;rilah ndd;dpdy;yhd; xg;Gila dy;y ndhUt dy;yd; XUu dy;yNdh Utk dpy;yp mg;gbA ke;epw kt;tz;zK ktdUNs fz;zhff; fhzpdy;yhy; ,g;gba dpe;epwj;j dpt; tz;zj;j dptdpiwt ndd;nwOjpf; fhl;nlhzhNj"

vd jpUehTf;fuR ehadhUk; jpUj;jhz;lfj;jpNy $wpdhh;. ,iwtdpd; ,uz;lhtJ epiy nghJtpay;G vd;Dk; jlj;j yl;rzk;. ,J Md;khf;fSf;F mUs; Ghpa vOe;jUSk; epiy. 'mwpjU rptNd vy;yhk; mwpe;J mwptpj;J epd;wtd;" vd;fpwhh; rptQhd rpj;jpahh;. ,iwtid mUtj;jpUNkdp> mUTUtj; jpUNkdp> cUtj;jpUNkdp vd %tifAs; mlf;fyhk;. ehjk;> tpe;J> rf;jp> rptk; vd;gd mUtj; jpUNkdpAs; mlq;Fk;. rptypq;fk; mUTUtj; jpUNkdp. cUtj;jpUNkdp Nghf tbtk;> Nfhutbtk;> Nahftbtk; vd %d;whFk;. ,tw;Ws; rptd; NfhutbtKilatuha; Md;khf;fSs; J\;liu epf;fpufQ; nra;J rp\;l ghpghydQ; nra;gtuha; cs;stNu ehk; $Wk; itutf;flTs;> Md;khf;fspd; tpidfs; foptjw;F cgfhpg;gJ tPul;lhdk;. ,J gw;wp tPul;lhdj;Jiw mk;khNd vd;fpwhh;. fhrp fhz;lk; ituthpd; ngaiu vLj;jUSfpwJ.

Qhdituth; rhjhuzkhf vy;yh ,lq;fspYk; fhzg;gLk; flTshth;. ,tiu ehk; tpehafiu tzq;FtJ Nghy jhprdj;Jf;F ,yFthf;FfpNwhk;. KOKjw; flTshfpa rptngUkhd; cyfj;Jf;F fh;j;jh vd;W gjpndl;lhk; E}w;whz;by; tho;e;j =y= MWKfehtyh; mth;fs; $wpaJkd;wp mtUila jpUf;Fkhuh;fSs; itutf; flTSk; xd;nwd;whh;. vt;thwhf ,k; %h;j;jk; cz;lhfpaJ vd;gJ mwpah tpdhthFk;. xd;wha;> Mjpaha;> eph;kykha;> Ntjq;fSkwpa Kbahj guQ;Rluha;> ntz;kjpAk;> Gide;j FiofisAila guk;nghUsha;> Kd;idg;gok; nghUl;Fk; Kd;idg;gok; nghUshdth;. khjtDk; kyutDk; mwpaKbahj xsptsh; tpsf;F. ghnuhL tpz;zha;g; gue;j nghUs;. khiaapd; gpbapdpd;W ïªJ xË

'fhz;lNyhL kyh;f; fpotDs;s kjdpw; fdy; nfhSj;jp J}z;LKdpT gpbj;Je;jntdJ GUte;Jiz ehg;gz; ePz;l rilapndhLk; Gjy;tdiyNah ePnad;d %z;lntFsp taputid Kf;fl;fdpahz;lspj;jJNt.

xU rkak; gpukhTf;F kaf;fk; fhuzkhf mfe;ij Az;lhfNt mthpd; mwpahikiag; Nghf;Ftjw;F 16

#a tUl« kh®fÊ - ij

ehshFk;. nts;sp> nrt;tha; Mfpa fpoik ehl;fSk; gpujhdk;. ituth; G+ir elf;Fk; NghJ ,ilkwpj;jy;> FWf;Nf Nghjy;> fh;g;gpzpfs; Myaq;fis tyk; tUjy; vd;gd jtph;f;fg;gl;ld. me;epah; Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpy; G+ir nra;a rkahrhhpah;fs; gae;J kWj;jdh;. mjdhy; rkaFUkhuhf G+rhhp vd;W miof;fg;gLNthh; G+ir nra;jhh;fs;. ,f;fhyj;jpYk; G+rhhpah; vd;W miof;Fk; tof;fk; ,Ue;J tUfpwJ. itut cghrid tPuk;> Qhdk;> ijhpak; Nghd;w ghf;fpaq;fis mspf;f ty;yJ. ey;ypay;GfSk; jh;kKk; eype;J mwpahik Mfpa ,Us; ft;tptUk; ehl;fspy; kPz;Lk; Gj;njhspAk; GJtho;Tk;> ngw tLf ehjid cghrpj;J tzq;f Ntz;baJ mtrpakhFk;. gujfz;lj;jpYs;s itut re;epjpfSs; fhrpapy; cs;s fhy ituth; Nfhapy; kpfg; gpurpj;jp ngw;wJ. fhrpf;Fr; nry;Yk; vtUk; mg;ngUkhid tzq;fhky; tUtjpy;iy. ehad;khh;fsJ jpUKiwfspYk; rptdJ %h;j;jkhf itutf;flTs; th;zpf;fg;gl;Ls;sh;. fhrpapy; ghgj;Jf;F jz;lid nfhLf;f ,akjh;k uhrhTf;F mjpfhuq;fpilahJ. fhrpapy; ahuhtJ ,we;jhy; akthjid fpilahJ. fhrpapy; ituth;jhd; rpl;\fh;. fhy ituth; fhrpefhpd; Nrdhjpgjp. itut cghrid cf;fpukhdJ. tpuf;jd;> fghypf;fd;> ituhfp Nghd;w rhjfh;fshy; rpj;jp nra;af;$baJ. ,J Njtjh cghrid. vy;NyhUk; nra;af;$lhJ. Ntjq;fspy; hpf;Ntjk;> mjh;tzNtjk; vd;gd itutiug; gw;wp tphpthff; $Wk;. fhrp fhz;lj;jpy; ituthpd; rhpj;jpuk; tp];jhukhff; $wg;gLfpwJ. gpukd; rptid J}\pj;jjpdhy; itutuhf te;J mtd; jiyiaf; fps;sp vwpe;J tpLfpwhh;. mjdhy; gpuk`j;jpiag; Nghf;Ftjw;F cyfk; G+uhTk; miyfpwhh;. ,t; ituth; eh;kjh ejpjPuj;jpy; hp\pfsplk; nrd;W jd; Fiwia KiwapLfpwhh;. Kdpth;fs; mJ rkak; ‘fhrp NghtPuhfpy; ck; gpuk`j;jp jPUk;’ vd;W $wp vd;W $wp ‘fhrp vq;fpUf;fpwJ vd;W Nfl;ghahdhy; Mde;j fhdk; vd;w Muzpak; ,Uf;fpwJ. mjw;Nf fhrp vd;W ngah;’ vd;W mNef milahsq;fisf; $wpdhh;fs;. filrpahf ‘ve;j ,lj;jpy; ck; ifapy; ,Uf;Fk; fghyk; njwpe;J tpOfpwNjh mJjhd; fhrp’ vd;W Ghpe;J nfhs;. fghyk; tpOe;jhy; gpuk`j;jp ePq;fp tpl;lJ.’ vd;W vz;Zthahf. fghyk; ifapy; ,Ug;gjhy; fghyituth; vd;W miog;ghh;fs;. vy;yhKk; ,g;gbNa ele;jJ. fghyk; njwpj;J tpOe;jJ. clNd ,Jjhd; Mde;j fhdk; vd;W njhpe;jhh;. tprhfNkhrd jPh;j;jj;jpy; ];ehdk; nra;J tp];tehjiug; gpuhh;j;jpj;J ];Njhj;jpuk; nra;ag; gfthd; tp];tehjh; itutiu mDf;fpuj;J ,d;W Kjy; fhrpapy; ,Ue;J nfhz;L fhyd; mjpfhuk; ,q;F nry;yhjhjyhy; fhydpd; fhhpaj;ij ePNa ftdpj;Jf;nfhs;" vd;W nrhy;yp fhyituth; vd;w ngaiuAk; itj;J fhrpf;F Nrdhjpgjpahf;fpdhh;. ituth;jhd; gpusa fhyj;jpy; rfy [fj;ijAk; ]k;`huQ; nra;J te;jhh; vd;w tp\aj;ij

itut%h;j;jk; cz;lhdJ. ,jd; tphpit khd;kpaj;jpy; fhzyhk;. ituth; nghJthf ePyNkdpAk;> rpyk;nghypf;Fk; jpUtbAk;> ghk;Gfs; nghUe;jpa jpU miuAk;> jiykhiyfs; GuSk; jpU khh;Gk;> #yk;> kO> ghrk;> cLf;F ,itfs; Ve;jpa jpUf;fuq;fSk; %d;W fz;fSk; nghpa Nfhug;gw;fs; ,uz;Lk;> rpte;j rilAk;> Nfhgr;rphpg;Gk;> cf;fputbTq; nfhz;lth;. rh;t rq;fhu fhyj;jpy; gpukh> tp\;Z Kjypa Njth;fspd; jiyfisf; nfha;J Gtdq;fs; xLf;fpath;. ,f;fhuzj;jpdhNy fhy ituth; vd miof;fg;gLfpwhh;. itut %h;j;jj;jpy; fhy ituth;> fw;ghe;j ituth;> rq;fhu ituth;> cd;kj;j ituth;> cf;fpu ituth;> fz;l ituth;> Qhd ituth; vd;gd fhuzq; fUjp te;jikjy; fhz;f. jpUehTf;fuR ehadhh; Njthuk; : 'jd;dbahh;f; fUs;Ghpe;j jfT Njhd;WQ; rJh; Kfidj; jiyahpe;j jd;ik Njhd;Wk; kpd;dida Ez;zpilahs; ghfe; Njhd;Wk; Ntoj;jp DhptpUk;gpg; Nghh;j;j Nwhd;Wk; Jd;dpa nrQ; ril NkNyhh; GdYk; ghk;Gk; J}akh kjpAlNd itj;j Njhd;Wk; nghd;dida jpUNkdp nghype;J Njhd;Wk; nghopwpfSk; G+tzj;njk; Gdpjdhh;f;Nf.

rJh;Kfidj; jiyahpe;j jd;ik> Ntoj;jpDhp tpUk;gpg; Nghh;j;jik vd;gd itutf; flTshy; nra;ag;gl;ld vd;gij jpUKiwfspYk; fhzyhk;. fhrp fhz;lj;jpYk; ',ikahg; gwitNaw; nwfpdg; ghfDs;sr; nrUf;fpidAk; Jkpahj; jpUg;ghw;flw; Nrh;g;gDs;sr; nrUf;Fk;

njhiyj;jpnad mikah ntFspf;fdy; nfhs;Sq;Fku Nyhd;ide;jhe;

jiyajid fik jPh;f;fhhp jd;dplf;if apDfpuhw; fps;spf; fspg;Gw;whd;."

fhhp vd;Dk; itut ehkKk;> cfpuhw; fps;spaJk; ngwg;gl;ld. fhtw; flTshff; fpuhkq;fs; NjhWk; rpwe;J tpsq;Fk; itutg; ngUkhdpd; ngUq;fUiziag; Nghw;wp epw;fpNwhk;. fhrp> itutg; ngUkhd; jdpj;J MSk; jpUj;jykhf tpsq;FfpwJ. ,ij fhrpapd; jdpr;rpwg;G> fhrpfz;lj;jpy; ituth;> vd;Dk; jiyaq;fq;fspy; Ritf;fyhk;. gps;isahiug; Nghy itutg; ngUkhDk; Ntk;G> My;> kh Kjypa kuq;fspYk; #yhAjj;ij mwpFwpahf itj;J tzq;fg;gLgth;. mf;fhy me;epauhl;rpahy; ehk; Jd;gKWk; nghOJ fhtw; nja;tkhf tpsq;fpath; itutNu> md;wpAk; gpuk`j;jp Njh\eptph;j;jpf;Fk; itut tzf;fk; rpwe;jJ vd;gJ Guhzq;fs; thapyhf mwpAkhWs;sJ. nghq;fy;> gilay;> kilguTjy;> til khiy rhj;Jjy;> nrt;tuj;jk; G+khiyazpjy; vd;gd vy;yh Myaq;fspYk; nghJthf eilngw;W tUtijf; fhzyhk;. rpj;jpiug; guzp ehs; ituthpd; tpNrl ïªJ xË

17

#a tUl« kh®fÊ - ij

kz;kfpo;e;jtu tk;kyh;f; nfhd;iw kype;jtiukhh;gpw; ngz;kfpo;e;jgpu khGuNktpa ngk;khdptdd;Nw"

`uj;jjhrhhpahh; rUjp]hpj;jpkhiy vd;w fpue;jj;jpy; $wp ,Uf;fpwhh;. mjd; rhuhk;rk; vy;NyhuhYk; itut cghrid jPtpukhfr; nra;af; $lhJ vd;gjhFk;. vdpDk; jPikfs; mfy G+[pf;fg; glNtz;ba nja;tepiyfspy; G+[pf;f Ntz;Lk;. fhrp fz;lj;jpy; (fhz;lk; ,f;fhyj;jpy; fz;lk; vd;gd toq;fg;gLfpwJ) fhyituth;. fe;jGuhzj;jpy; fghyP];tuh;. fhrpapd; jdpr; rpwg;G vd;gd ,yFthf tpsq;ff; $badthf cs;sd. gilj;jy;> fhj;jy; Mfpa njhopy;fisr; nra;fpd;wth;fshfpa jpirKfDk; jpUkhYk; ,Ue;J te;jhYk; ituthpd; mUl;flhl;rk; midtUk; mwpa Ntz;Lk; vd;W rptd; vz;zpajhy;

'tpsq;F Njhpatd;"

cz;kfpo;e;J>

gyp

'Cdpad;w jiyapw; gypnfhz;Lyfj;Js;stNuj;jf; fhdpad;w fhpapd;Dhp Nghh;j;Joy;fs;td; riljd;Nky; thdpad;w gpiw itj;j ntk;khjp kfpOk; typjhaj; 'Njdpad;w eWkh kyh; nfhz;Lepd; Nwj;j njspthNk"

'fhdpad;w fhpapd;Dhp Nghh;j;Joy; fs;td;> jiyapw; gypNaw;wy;" %d;whk; gjpfk;> Mwhk; gh 'Mwzp nrQ;rilahdofhh; Gu%d;Wkd;W Ntt ePwzpahf itj;jepkph; Gd;rilnak; kpiwtd; ghwzpntz;liyapw; gfNy gypnad;W te;Jepd;w Ntwzp Nfhyj;jpdhd; tpUk;Gk; GfypaNj"

'jPa jd;wLQ; nraYk; ey;yUk; Mapd; Mtpfs; mope;Je; Njhd;wpAk; Xa;tp yhJod; WiyT whkNy kha;T nra;jpiw tUj;jk; khw;wyhk;"

'ghwzp ntz;liyapw; gfNy gyp" (E}w;wp ehyhk; gjpfk;> %d;whk; gh)

vd;Dk; fe;jGuhzr; nra;Ais Nehf;Fk; NghJ gpukNjtdpd; tuk; ngw;W mth; thf;Ff; fpzq;FNtd; vd;W KbT nra;j fahRud; rptidf; fz;lTlNd thf;FWjpia kwe;J Nghhpl;lhd;. ,jdhy; Njhy; chpgl;lhd;. itutf; flTspd; ngUikia tpsf;f ,f;fij Ntz;lg;gl;lJ. jpU,irg;ghtpy; jpUkhspifj; Njth; rptdpd; ngUikapdhy; itutiuj; njhlh;e;Js;shh;.

'nra;ajpU Nkdp kpir ntz;nghbazpe;J fUkh

Dhpit Nghh;j; ija kpL nkd;W klkq;if nahlfe; jphpAkz;zyplkhk; itak;epiy khwpbDNkWGfo;kpf; foptpyhj tifahh; nta;ankhop jz;GytUf;Fiu nrahjth; jpUbNa."

'fUkhDhpit Nghh;j;ijakpLnkd;W klkq;if nahlfe;jphpAk;" (gjpfk; Kd;D}w;W Kg;gj;jhW. MwhtJ gh) ,itfspdhy; itut %h;j;jk; rpthk;rk; cila njd;gJ njspthfpwJ. jpUehTf;fuR ehadhh; MwhtJ jpUKiw jpUthtLJiwg; gjpfk;>

'jf;fdw; wiyA nkr;rd td;wiyAQ; jhkiu ehd;Kfd; wiyA nkhf;f tpz;LUs nthz;bUg;GUt newpj; jU spaTUj; jpuNd mf;fsp Gypj;Njh yhilNk yhl thlg; nghd;dk;gyj; jhLQ; nrhf;fNd nath;f;Fe; njhlh;thp ahiaj; njhz;lNdd; njhlUkh njhlNu"

'Nfhzhuzq;fj; Njhs; Nkw;nfhz;L nfhOkyuhd; jd; rpuj;ijf; ifapNye;jpf; fhzhh; fspw;Whpitg; Nghh;it %bf; fq;fhs Ntluha; vq;FQ; nry;tPh; ehdhUkf; Nfhh; tpidf; NflNd dy;tpidAk; jPtpidAk; nky;yh Kd;Nd MdhabNaid aQ; Nrnyd;wh ahtL jz;Liw AkkuNuNw" 'nfhOkyuhd; rpuj;ijf; ifapNye;jp"

vd;whh;. kzpthrfg; ngUkhd; jpUg;nghw;Rz;zj;jpy; ,lk; nfhLf;fpwhh;. 'mad;jiy nfhz;L nrz;lhly; ghb mUf;fd; vapW gwpj;jy; ghbf; fadjidf; nfhd;Whp Nghh;j;jy; ghbf; fhyidf; fhyhy; cijj;jy; ghb ,iae;jd Kg;Guk; va;jy; ghb Vio mbNahik Mz;L nfhz;l eae;jidg; ghb epd; whbahb ehjh;f;Fr; Rz;zk; ,bj;JehNk"

Re;ju%h;j;jp ehadhh; Njthuk; jpUntQ;rkhf;$ly; vd;Dk; jpUg;gjpfk;> ehw;gj;jpuz;lhk; gh 'flkhfspahid Ahpj;jtNd fhpfhbl khtdy;tPrp epd;W elkhlty;yha; eiuNaWe;jha; ey;yha; eWq; nfhd;iw

eaj;jNt glkhapukhk; gLj;Jj;jpg;igq;fz;gFthnaapw;

NuloNyAkpOk; tplthuuthntQ;rkhf;$ly;tpfph;jhtb NaidAk;

Ntz;LjpNa"

mad;jiy nfhz;lhly;> fad;jidf; nfhd;Whp Nghh;j;jy; vd;gd ,lk; ngw;wd. jpUQhdrk;ge;j%h;j;jp ehadhuhy; ghlg;ngw;w jpUg;gpukGuk; Kjyhe; jpUKiwapy; ehyhk; gh. 'tpz; kfpo;e;jkjp nya;jJ kd;wp tpsq;Fjiy Nahl;by; cz;kfpo;e;J gy Njhpate;njd Js;sq; fth;fs;td; ïªJ xË

jiyNahl;by;

'flkhfspahid chpNghh;j;jtNd" 18

#a tUl« kh®fÊ - ij

,t;thNw jpUKiwfspYk; itut%h;j;jpapd; epidtpid Futh;fs; ehy;tUk; vLj;jhz;Ls;shh;fs;. jpUKJFd;wg; gjpfk; ehw;gj;jp%d;W. gh %d;W

'gq;fahrdd; xU jiy fpss ; paJ ntspgg; ilahapwW ; " ,d;Dk; = FkuFUgu Rthkpfs;. fhrpapy; ghtQ; nra;jtUf;F akjz;lid ,y;iy vd;gJk; itut jz;lid kl;Lk; cz;L vd;gJk; Guhz tuyhWfs;. ,ijj; jiytp $w;whf>

'njhz;lh;fs; ghl tpz;Nzhh;fs; jTopjh; tPh; gz;lfe; NjhWk; gypf;Fr; nry;tJk; ghd;ikNa fz;lfh; thspfs; tpy;ypfs; Gwq;fhf;FQ;rPh; nkhz;lif Nts;tpKof;fUKJ Fd;wNu"

'MNkh ttp%j;jj; ijaNu ngz;goptPz; NghNkh taputh;jQ; rhjdKk; ngha;ahNkh NjNkhJ nfhd;iw nrOe;jhk ey;fhePh; jhNkh jUtPUkJ gue;jhkNk (665k; gh)

,g;gjpfj;jpy; gz;lfe;NjhWk; gypf;Fr; nry;tJk; ghd;ikNa" vd;W fhrp thrpahapUe;J gypNaw;wJ QhgfkhfpwJ.

'taputh; jQ; rhjdKk; ngha;ahNkh" vd;W $Wfpwhh;. jpUehiff;fhNuhzg; Guhzk; Re;jutplq;fw; glyj;jpy; fsk; j. r. kPdhl;rp Re;juk; gps;isath;fs;.

,g;gjpfj;jpy; vl;lhtJ gh 'me;ep jphpe;jbahU ePUkfe;NjhWk; re;jpf NlhWk; gypf;Fr; nry;tJ jf;fNj ke;jp fLtDf; Fz;goehb kiyg;Gwk; %e;jpab njho epd;w rPh;KJ Fd;wNk"

'jphpGu nkhpj;jthWQ; rpiykjpw; fha;e;jthWq; fhpaj Shpj;j thWq; fhyidf; fha;e;jthWk; tphpkyh;f; fpotd; nrd;dp tpOj;jpa thWnea;j; Njhh; mhpAlaw; fth;e;j thWk; kdj;njhL tifNahh;ghl

,q;Nf 're;jpfs; NjhWk; gypf;Fr; nry;tJ jf;fNj" vd;Dk; ,lj;jpy; gypNaw;wJ gbg;Gf;FhpajhFk;. jpUf;fr;rpNafk;gk; vd;Dk; jpUg;gjpapid epide;J ghLk;NghJ gjpfk; mWgj;jpxd;W gh %d;W

vdf; $Wfpwhh; rpj;jhe;j irtkzp j. rp. kPdhl;rp Re;juk; gps;is mth;fs;. jphpGu nkhpj;jJ mjpif tPul;lhdk;. rpiykjpw; fha;e;jJ FWf;if tPul;lhdk;. fhpajs; chpj;jJ tOit tPul;lhdk;. kyh;f;fpotd; nrd;dp tpOj;jpaJ fl;bA+h; tPul;lhdk;. nea;j;Njhh; mhpAlw; fth;e;jik itutf; Nfhyj;JldhFk;. rptd;> tpehafh;> KUfd;> jpUkhy; MfpNahUf;F Guhzq;fs; ,Ug;gJ Nghd;W itutUf;F xU GuhzKk; ,y;iy.

Kjypahh; jpU. nr. ,uhrehafk; vOjpa aho;g;ghzr; rhpj;jpuj; jfty;fisAk; mwpNthk;. me;epah; Ml;rpapy; ehk; Jd;gKw;wNghJ fhtw; nja;tkhf tpsq;fpath; itutNu vd;gJ njspthfpwJ. 'ngwz;b" vd;W rpq;fs nkhopapYk; miof;fg;gl;l> itut Mz;b vd;W jkpo; nkhopapYk; miof;fg;gl;l itut Nfhapy; xd;W 1575 ,y; ,Ue;jnjd;Wk; ,ijg; Nghh;j;Jf;Nfah; #iwahb mopj;jdh; vd;Dk; Kjypahh; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;. (BERENDA = ngwz;l) vd;Dk; rpq;fs nkhop ghteptph;j;jp vd;Wk; nghUSilaJ. Kjyhk; ,uhrrpq;fd; nra;j ghtq;fspd; eptph;j;jpf;fhf rptg;gpujp\;il nra;J ,f;Nfhapiyf; fl;bdhd;. ngwz;b vd;W rpq;fs nkhopapYk; itut Mz;b vd jkpohYk; miof;fg; ngw;w ituth; Nfhapy; xd;W rPjthf;ifapy; ,Ue;jnjd;Wk; mJ Nghh;j;Jf;Nfauhy; mopf;fg;ngw;wnjd;Wk; Kjypahh; jkJ E}ypy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sik rpe;jpf;fw;ghyJ. ,uhrrpq;fd; jhd; nra;j ghtq;fSf;F ahJ gpuhar;rpj;jQ; nra;ayhnkd gpuhkzh;fisf; Nfl;f rptg;gpujp\;il nra;jhy; mg;ghtk; xopAnkd mth;fs; cWjp $wp mjd; epkpj;jkhf mg;ghhpa Nfhapiyf; fl;bdhd; vd;W aho;g;ghzr; rhpj;jpuk; (gf;fk; 131) nrhy;fpwJ.

'jphpAKg;Gue;jPg;gpok;ghfr; nrq;fz;khy; tpil Nkw;wpfo;

thidf; fhpapdPUhp Nghh;j;J fe;jhidf; fhkidf; fdyh

tpopj;jhid thpnfhs;nts;tisahSik eq;if kUtpNaj;jp

topglg; ngw;w nghpafk;gid naq;fz;gpuhidf; fhzf; fz;zbNad;

ngw;w thNw.

,g;ghtpy; 'fhpapDhp Nghh;j;jhid" vd ahid chpNghh;j;jy; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,t;thNw gw;gythd gjpfq;fspd; ghf;fspy; itut%h;j;jk; Nghw;wg;gLfpwJ. ,dp ehk; =FkuFUgu Rthkpfs; itutiug; gw;wp vg;gb Qhgfg;gLj;Jfpwhh; vd;gijg; ghh;g;Nghk;. ',y;yhNs Kg;gj;jpuz;lwKQ; nra;jpUg;gr; nry;yhh; nghopw; fhrpr; nry;tdhh; - nky;yg; guf;fpd;w Gz;zPh; gLjiy nfhz;ilak; ,uf;fpd;w thnwd; nrhy;Nfd;"

,t;ntz;ghtpy; ,y;yhs; ckhNjtpahh;. ,th; epiy nghUspy;yhjtuha; ,Ug;gth; vdf; fUJfpwhh;. nry;tdhh; mfpNyrh; nry;tKilath; vdf; fUJfpwhh;.

Gz;zPh; - ,uj;jk;> Iak; - gpr;ir vdg; nghUs; nfhz;L nghUspy;yhjtshd kidtp Kg;gj;jpuz;L mwq;fisAk; nra;Ak; nry;tuhfpa fzth; jiyNahl;lhy; gpr;ir naLg;gJ vd;d tpag;G vd;w gb jiyNahl;lhy; ,uj;jg; gpr;irnaLj;j fhrp efhpy; rptNd itut%h;j;jkhf te;jJ gpuk`j;jp Njh\j;ij eptph;j;jp nra;tjw;fhfNt.

ïªJ xË

19

#a tUl« kh®fÊ - ij

âU¤jy§fËš itut¥bgUkhÅ‹ kf¤Jt« 1. fªjòuhz«

vkDila kh®ò K¿í«go ky®ngh‹w fhiy¤ö¡» Ú£oíij¤jUËa FzÓydh« tLf¡ flîË‹ nfhƉ bgUikfis ïfœªJ ngáat®fis¢ Nyhíj¤jhš F¤J« RHš f©zdh»a itut¡flîË‹ bgh‹ofis¥ gÂnth«.

K‹bdhU fhy¤âš átbgUkhid mtkâ¤j jhkiu ky® Mrddhd ãu«k njtdJ x¥g‰w eL¤jiyia¡ »ŸË k‰iwa njt®fsJ câu¤ijí« f®t¤ijí« th§»¡bfh©L mt®fS¡F¤ j©lid òǪj itut¡flîis¤ Jâ¥ngh«.

4. fhŠáòuhz«

gukid kâ¤âlh¥ g§f ahrd‹ xUjiy »ŸËna bahʪj thdt® FUâí kfªijí« bfh©L j©lK‹ òÇjU tLfid¥ ngh‰¿ brŒFth«.

vËaiu tÈa® th£o‹ tÈaiuÆUÚ® it¥ã dËaw¤ bjŒt« th£L bkDKiu¡ fika t‹nw bjËíkh tÈia¢ brh‰nwh‰ brF¤JÇ¡ fta« tËís® f¢á fhtš tÆut®¡ f‹ò brŒnth«.

btŠád¥ gÇaH‹ ÛJ ngh®¤âL kŠrd¥ òifbad thy khbkd¢ brŠRl®¥ gotnk‰ br¿¤j khk¡ fŠRf¡ flîŸ bgh‰fHš fns¤Jth«.

flš Nœªj cyf¤â‹ f© ÉRthrÄšyhkš vËahiu tÈah® mo¤jhš tÈahiu¤ bjŒt« gh®¤J mo¡F« v‹D« gHbkhÊ¡»z§f khtÈ jiynkš fhš ö¡»a thkdid mʤJ mt‹ njhiy¡ ftrkhf¥ ngh®¤J¡ bfh©l f¢á¡fhtyU« fhU©a _®¤âíkhd tÆut_®¤â¡F m‹ò brY¤Jnth«.

fL§nfhgKŸs tlthKfh¡»ÅahdJ j‹ÛJ ngh®¤J¡ bfh©l fUÃwkikªj òifia¥ nghyî« Myfhy¤ij¥ nghyî«, átªj ãufhrKila âUnkÅÆ‹ ÛJ Énro¤j áw¥gikªj ÚykÂÆ‹ Ãw« thŒªj r£ilaªJŸs itut¡ flîË‹ bgh‹kakhd âUtofis¤ Jâ¥ngh«.

5. âUthid¡fh òuhz«

cyf kˤjš Rjªju k‹Wtz

Ka®¤ njh®¡ bfdt t‹nr ÆyF KUt« bgho¤j t‹gh

byGªJ gil¥òŠ Rjªjuk‹ wy®bkš yizah‰ bfdttid

au§f¤ âirkhK fdh¡»¥ gyU« btUt¥ bghÊbeŒ¤ njh®¥gÆ¡f«

òFªnjh‹ gj« gÂth«.

2. giHa fhŠáòuhz«

bfh¢ira¿ î‰gtkh§ bfhŸifÆdh

yÇãuk® Toå‹ bkŒ¢rku« òǪâfÈ bahUtbuhU

tiu Äfî« btW¡F ehË y¢Rwî‰ wtufªij ÉLkhW beU¡»

ÆÅjUns brŒí§ f¢átL f¡flî© _¢áif nt‰

gilÆidna fUâthœth«.

fUl¡ bfhonahdh»a kfh ÉZQî¡F cyf« mˤJ ghJfh¤jš Rjªjukhdj‹bw‹W« T¿ cÆ®fis¥ gil¥gJ« gJkD¡F¢ Rjªjukhd j‹bw‹W ãu«knjt‹ jiy mÊa eh‹KfKilatdh¡», gyU« mŠr¢ áªJk› ïu¤j¤âš ã¢irbaL¤njhdh»a KG Ú‰WUt itut _®¤âÆ‹ ghj« gÂth«.

m~¿iz cÆuh»a m‹d, tuhf¥ ãw¥gilªjjdhš ãu«k ÉZQî« nr®ªJ r©ilÆ£L¥ gif¤J xUtU¡ bfhUt® Äfî« btW¤J¡ bfhŸS« ehËš mt®fSila f®t¤ij ÉL«goahf, beU¡»í« jh¡»í« âUtUŸ òÇí« fhŠá tLf¡ flîË‹ K¤jiy¢ Nyhíj¤âid¥ ngh‰Wth«.

nfhzh uz§f¤ njh© nk‰ bfh©L bfhGkyuh‹ j‹áu¤ij¡ ifÆnyªâ¡ fhdh® fˉWÇit¥ ngh®it _o¡ f§fhs ntluh ba§FŠ bršå® ehdh Uk¡nfh® Éid¡ nflnd tšÉidíª ÔÉidí bkšyhK‹nd Mdh aonaid aŠnr by‹dh

ahtL j©Liwíiwí kku nunw.

3. âUthtLJiw òuhz«

fhy‹ kh®ã‰ fh‹ky® Ú£oa Óy‹ nfhƉ âwÄfœª njh®fis¢ Ny nk‰WŠ RHš ÉÊ¡ nf¤âu ghy‹ bgh‰gj« g‰¿¥ gÂFth«.

ïªJ xË

âUKiw 6tJ âUehî¡fuR ehadh® njthu« 20

#a tUl« kh®fÊ - ij

ï¤âU¤jh©lf¤âY« “bfhGkyuh‹w‹ áu¤ij¡ ifÆnyªâ¡ fhdh® fˉWÇit¥ ngh®it_o” ïu©L âUÉisah£il ïa‰¿a átnd itut_®¤âahf ïa‰¿dh® v‹gJ btŸËil.

M«g‰ óit¥ nghY« my§fhu¡ f©fisíila khj®fË‹ nehia vªehSnk í©lh¡»¤ âÇí« kd¤JŸ eh‹ vdJ vd miyahkš ïU¡f¡ fh¤J ïu£á¡F« tÆut¡flîis tz§» thœ¤Jth«.

6. âU¥ghâÇ¥ òÈô®¥ òuhz«

10. òÈô®¥òuhz«

jUzky®¡ nfhÆÈiw í¢á_o¡

fghy¤ij¤ jË®¡if naªâ aUzÚ® gÈ¡»ikna® eL§fty«

tªJ kh‰fhÉ eš» kUzÅbrŒ _Éiynt© kÂehf

KL¡ifÆit ta§f ntªâ¡ fUizkw« ó©blÊš brŒfilPhHš

tÆutiu¡ fUâ thœth«

Éâ¥ghy ÉidjÉ®¡F« Éah¡»ukh

òu¤âÅJ nkÉndh®f© kâ¥ghȉ brŒÉid¡F _Éiynt‰

Ny¤â‹ kUt it¤nj íâ¥ghy‹ida® Kiyf© Û£lUªjh

tif _¤âíjîªâšiy gâ¥ghštÆut‹w‹ ghjrhnuh Ff§fbs‹W«

guÉ thœth«.

brªjhkiuÆš thœ ãu«kDila c¢áKo¡ fghy¤ij cŸs§ifÆnyªâ¡ bfh©L njt®fŸ gaªJ eL§f ty« tU« goahf¢ NÇnahja gÈ¥ã¢ir vL¤J¤ âUkhY¡F MÉ bfhL¤J, ka§»a nghiu btšy¤j¡f _Éiy¡ NyK« kh¡fKila gh«ò« cL¡ifíkhf ïit És§f¤ jh§» kw¡fUiz ó©L, bfh‹iw¥ ótÂí« itut_®¤âia¡ fU⤠Jâ¥ngh«.

Éâahš tªj gil¤jyhd ãwÉ Éidia¤ jÉ®¡F« òÈôÇ‹ f© thH¥g£lt®fS¡F kâ¥ãšyhkš J‹òW¤J« kykhah f‹k¤ij _‹¿jœfSila Nyhíj¤âš ml¡» Û©L« ãwªJ jhÆd® Kiy¥ghiy c©zht©z« gjK¤âia cgfÇ¡»‹w âšiya«gy¤J itut¡ flîË‹ ghjh«òa§fis v‹iw¡F« ngh‰¿ thœth«.

11. Ó®fhÊ¥ òuhz«

7. âU¢brªö® òuhz«

J§f khk¤ öštª âuÂa‹ nwhŸtÈjid th§FŠ á§f nt‰WÇ aiu¡fir¤J ybfyhª nj®ªjsªj t‹nkÅ a§f« ahînkh® fijajh¡ bfh©lj d§»ah¥ òidjhÊ¢ r§f th® FiH¢ r£il ehaf‹Wiz¤ jhkiu¢ ru© ngh‰¿.

»ŠR fªjU thŒ¡fiy¡ »Ÿisah dŠR f«Äbyh‹ w‰¿l¡ »ŸËna ÄŠR fªbjhW Ä¡FW§ fh®Ãw¡ fŠR f‹bgh‰ fHÈiz ngh‰Wth«.

etu¤âd§fŸ gâ¤j j«g¤ij¥ ãsªJ bfh©L tªJ ïuÂa‹ tƉiw¡ »Ê¤J mt‹ òatÈikia th§F« euá§f¤ij¡ bfh‹W, mj‹ njhiy ïL¥ò¡F Milahf mªjtU« <uoahny _îyfsªnjhdh»a thkd‹ clš cW¥ò¡fisbašyh« xU fjhíj« bfh©L« njhiy cilahf cL¤jtUkh»a ÓfhÊ¢ r§»‹ ftr F©lyuh»a r£il ehafUila ïu©L ghjhuɪj§fS¡F« tz¡f«.

»Ëia¥nghy ntjh¤âad« brŒí« ãu«knjtDila I«Kf¤âš xU jiya‰WÉH¡ »ŸË nkf¤âD« mâfkhd fUÃw§ bfh©l ahid¤njhš ngh®¤J¡ bfhŸS« itut _®¤âÆ‹ bgh‹dofis¥ ngh‰Wnth«.

8. fl«gtd¥ òuhz«

fUja yËdjgu bd‰¿Æ‰nwh‹ ¿¢Ny fghynkªâ tUãus aŠRt‰¿¥ gÆutdha ©lj¤J t§f©kh‰¿ gÇrUk fŠR »ahŒ ntjbt» }®¤J K‹nghy î©lh¡» ÆUik bgw¡ fh¤jUS§ nf¤âughy‹ ¿U¤jh ns¤jš brŒth«.

12. âU¥ótz¥ òuhz«

mÇãuk ufªij bfl t©l§f

Sil¤ bjÇí k§»¡ nfh£g£ LÇagy îyfbkyh bkhʪ âLeh

st®flk Jl‹ nk‰ bfh©L FUâthŒ bfh¥g˧F§ TuÆ‹_

Éiy¢ Ny§bfh©l â©nlh£ fUtiune® jUtLf¡ flîbsik¥

òu¥g¡ ifT¥òthnk.

cika«ikÆ‹ ehafuh« gukát‹ be‰¿Æš njh‹¿¢ Nynkªâ ãukDila fghy¤ijnaªâ euá§f _®¤âÆ‹ cliy¡»Ê¤J mj‹ njhiy ïL¥ãš cilahf mªJ tÆut‹ v‹D« bgaiu¤ jh§» m©l j¤Jt§fis kh‰¿aik¤J Óth‹kh¡fis ïUik bgw¡ fh¤jUS« nf¤âu ghydh« tÆut _®¤âia¥ ngh‰¿ tz§Fth« 9. fl«g® nfhƉòuhz«

fÆut eh‹ky®¡ fÉ‹f zh®ka‰ brÆut ehblhW Äa‰¿ naâÇ íÆut ehbdd bthwhJ fh¤jUŸ tÆut ehjid tz§» thœ¤Jth«. ïªJ xË

Mfhabkšyh« g‰¿ vÇí« m¡»Å¢ Rthiy¥g£L Rªjukhd gy cyf§fS« xʤâL§ fhy¤âny ãu«k ÉZQ¡fË‹ f®t« bf£blhÊí« goahf mt®fŸ j« clšnkš ghŒªJ, ïu¤j¤ij¢ brhÇÉ¡F« TÇa ntY« 21

#a tUl« kh®fÊ - ij

_Éiy¢ NyK§ bfh©l (kiynghY«) òatÈikíila tLf¡flîŸ. e«ik¡ fh¡F« goahf eh« mtU¡F¡ ifT¥ã mŠrÈ¥ngh«.

15. âUnth®¤ö® òuhz«

ntÇ ky®¥ g©zt‹w‹ áubkh‹iw

efEâahš å£o í‰w nrhÇky® jiy Ãy¤â‰ ghahj¢

áu¤ nj‰W¤ bjhl®ªJ nghªJ thÇky® f©ts®kh bd‰¿ ba‰¿¡

FUâbfhL kkij Ú¡F§ fhÇky®¡ fHÈu©L§ fuÄu©L§

T¥ã Ãj« fUâ thœth«.

13. mÉehᥠòuhz«

mŠRfid ahâyF khlut¡

f§fzid afY« thÅš ÉŠRfid khÇÃf® nkÅaid

thábad ÉiuªJ jhî« igŠRfis nabaǤj ò¡bfhËah

buÆš fhtš gÇ¡F« åu¡ fŠRfis ntÂky®¡ »ŠRfid¥

guRfid¡ fHwš brŒth«.

br§fkyhrddh»a ãu«knjtDila jiyfËš x‹iw ef¤âdh‰ »ŸË xG»a ïu¤j« óÄÆš ÉHhk‰ go m«ãš nfh®¤J¡ bfh©L mnj ÉiuÉš nghŒ¢ rK¤âu¤âš gŸË bfhŸS« âUkhš be‰¿¡»y¡fhf É£L _isia¥ ng®¤J¡ f®t¤ij¥ ngh¡F« itutUila ky®¥ghj§fËu©ilí« vªehS« ïU fu§fshY« T¥ã tz§Fth«.

mH»a Rf§FiwahJ És§»ahL« muthguzdhŒ guªj Mfhr¤â‹ ÄFªj kiHnghY« âUtUSila âUnkÅadhŒ ghz« ÉL¤J¡bfh©nl rÛg¤J tU« k‹kjid vǤj átãuhDila všiy¡fhtš fh¡F« åuitutdhŒ És§F« átªj ky® mªj rlhjudh« gukRfid¤ Jâ¥ngh«.

16. kUö®¥ òuhz«

nfhÂyî ãiwbghUî§ TbuƉW

thŒ _Lt‰ Fâiu ahid¥ ghÂƉf§ fz« òidªj îfukÂ

btÆš ÉÇ¡F« g©ãdhid ntÂau‹ âU¡nfhÆš fh¥ghid

ÃUthz ntl¤jhid thÂyî K¤jiyntš tLfis¢ brª

jÄœgho tz¡fŠ brŒth«.

j‹doah®¡ fUŸòÇíª jfî njh‹WŠ

rJ®Kfid¤ jiyaǪj j‹ik njh‹W« Ä‹dida E©ÂilahŸ ghf‹ njh‹W«

ntH¤â DÇÉU«ã¥ ngh®¤j nwh‹W« J‹ÅabrŠ rilnknyh® òdY« gh«ò«

öakh kâílnd it¤j njh‹W« bgh‹dida âUnkÅ bghȪJ njh‹W«

bghÊ ¿fG« ótz¤bj« òÅjdh®¡nf.

nfh tisªj _‹wh« ãiw¢rªâuid¥ nghš TÇa t¡»u jªjKŸs ehia¡ Fâiu thfdkhŒ¡ bfh©ltdhŒ ifÆš f§fzkhf¡ f£oa mut¤â‹ kh¡f« btÆš nghš ãufhá¡f¤j¡ftdhŒ rlhjudh»a átbgUkh‹ nfhÆiy¡ fh¡f¥g£ltdhŒ És§» îthz ntl§ bfh©ltdhŒ thœªJ ÃiybgW« K¤jiy ntš tLfis¢ brªjÄœ¥ ghkhiyahš Jâ¤J tz§Fth«.

âUKiw âUehî¡fuR ehadh® njthu« âU¥ótz« 34 « g¡f«

âU¥ótz¤ij ÃidªJ njh¤jÇ¡F« nghJ âUehî¡fuR ehadh® “rJ®Kfid¤ jiyaǪj j‹ik njh‹W«” v‹wh®. “ntH¤â DÇÉU«ã¥ ngh®¤j njh‹W«” v‹wit Ãidî¡F tunt©oad.

17. Mâ¤j»Ç¥ òuhz«

guehj tiuk»© »Â bahÈ¥g¥

glbkL¤J¥ gh®¡Fª J¤â tuehf f§fz¤jh‹ khyfªij

ÆUsf‰w tªj n#hâ íudhF« ɤJUk¢ brŠrilah

dUs¤â íauh â¤j òunkî kÂtiu thœ r£ileh

af‹ ky®¤jhŸ ngh‰¿ thœth«.

ï§nfí« itut¡flîŸ F¿¡f¥g£lik fh©f.

14. gthÅ Tl‰ òuhz«

bghUjiy ífS« ntÂ¥ òÅjnd gubk‹ WŸs§ fUjiy aaÜ ba‹d¡ Foiyí§ fHy¤ njwh bthUjiy í»uh‰ »ŸË í«g®kh Yâu« th§F« tÇâiy Ny¢ br§if Ékyid tz¡fŠ brŒth«

guehj¢ k¢áy«ò »©»Âahf xÈ¡F« goahf glbkL¤jhL« bgh¿fisíila muit Mguzkhf mªjtdhŒ Mzt kyÉUis Ú¡ftU« guŠnrhâahŒ kh®ãÅlkhf mÂí« gts« ngh‹w brŠril¡ flîË‹ mUSila f§ifÆ‹ ts¥g« bgUF« Mâ¤jòu¤ âU¡nfhÆÈš thœ r£il ehafDila ghjh«òa§fis¥ ngh‰¿ thœth«.

I«Kf« bghUªâ cŸsjhš átbgUkhbd‹W fU⤠f®É¤jtD« ãuzt¤J¡F¥ bghUŸ brhšyhjtD« Újhbd‹d¡ T¿¥ ãu«kÅ‹ xU jiyia ef¤âdhš »ŸË âUkhš câu¤ij th§F« _Éiy¢ Nyhíj ghÂadh»a itutid tz§Fth«. ïªJ xË

22

#a tUl« kh®fÊ - ij

18. âUbešntÈ¥ òuhz«

fkyhrddh»a ãu«khâ njt®fŸ jhœªJ ngh‰w cŸs« k»G« fháÆš thœ»‹w Óth¤Jkh¡fŸ brŒj ght§fisbašyh« j©o¡fhJ, gªJ j©lÅl¡ f©L mt®fŸ ght§fis xʤJ K¤â rh«uh¢áa« mila tÊfh£L« fhytÆut‰F m‹ò ó©blhGFth«.

gfUkiw¥ giztd¤â‰ g©oUªj jhgj®f ÂfÇytª jtbkdnt be¿Æyt® brí« ntŸÉ¥ òf® Kfbt§ fÇíǤj òÇrilnah bdš ntÈ efÇÅJ òuªj r£il ehjÅU gj« gÂth«

22. âUehif¡fhnuhz¥ òuhz«

brhšyh Ëw ntjhuÂa¤âš ó®tÄUªj ird KÅt®fŸ ãukhzÄšyhj mt¤ij¤ jtbk‹W be¿Æšyhk‰ brŒí« ahf¤â‹ fÇa ahidia cǤj rlhjudh»a rfuDila âUbešntȤ jy¤ij ïÅJ fh¤j r£ilehj® âUtoÆizfis¥ gho¥ gÂth«

bgUFj‹ òfGnsndh® ãujhg kl¡» ah§F KUFj§ fyÇ‹ nkyh‹ K©l bt©fghy¤ öL fUFig§ bfh©l‹ nkÅ fÉœ¤âL brªÚnu‰w âUFÔ® tLf¥ ò¤njŸ nrto br‹Å nr®¥gh«.

bgU»a j‹ ãujhg¤JŸ k‰wt®fSila òfiH ml¡»¡ fkyhrd¤â‹ nkš tU« ãu«kDila K©lkhd fghy X£oš fU»a Úynkf rßu« fÉœªJ òu©lhy‹d átªj ïu¤j§ bfh©l fŸsÄšyh tLf¡ flîË‹ nrtofis¢ áunk‰ bfhŸth«.

19. kUjtd¥ òuhz«

nkiynah® f‰g¤ âUâƉ fâ®f©

nkîL¡ fz§fŸ ÑGw¤ Ô« ghiy bah¤ âUr§ Ñ‹wK¤âd§fŸ

guªâl¥ òÉÆl¤ bjGªj ntiyÆ‹ ÄFªj òfÈaª njhÂ

És§»L tLfdh§ flîŸ fhiy bk‹ nghij í¢áƉ bfhŸth§

fLªJa® khiyÔ®ªâlnt

23. âU¡Flªij¥ òuhz«

vGtif¤ jhJ§ ToÅa§»L KÆbuh‹ nwD eGÉo Åa§fh bt‹W eÉwiy btËbrŒ jh§F KGtÈ beonah dhâbkhŒ¤j thdt®bkŒ beŒ¤njh® tGtw¡ fghy¤ nj‰w tLfid tz§» thœth«

K‹ xU f‰g fhy KoÉš _‹bwhËfisíila e£r¤âu¡T£l§fŸ ÑG⮤jh‰ nghy ghš vd btS¤j r§FfŸ <D« K¤J¤ âDRfŸ guî« goahf¥ óÄia¢ R‰¿ cŸs« k»G« fháÆš ciw»‹w itut¡ flîsJ âU¥ ghj§fis¢ áunk‰bfh©L ãwɤJa® Ô®¤âLnth«.

ïuj«, ïu¤j«, R¡»y«, _is, jir, vY«ò, njhš, Ma jhJtif VG§To¤jh‹ cÆ®fŸ eilbgW«. ïšyhÉ£lhš x‹W« eilbgwkh£lh v‹W brhšYtij¥ ãuá¥gL¤â KG t‹ikíila kfhÉZQ Kjyhd njtTl§fË‹ njf ïu¤j¡ F‰wk‰w ãu«k fghy¤âš Vªâa tLf ehj¡ flîis tz§Fth«. âUehif¡fhnuhz« nfhÆš bfh©l Iaid ÃidªJ ghL«nghJ âirKf‹ áubkh‹nwªJ« Iaid¡ F¿¤j áw¥ò¡ fh©f.

20. âUešÿ®¥ bgUkz¥ òuhz«

òa‰fhÇ‹ tUkfth‹ gÂtŸsš

gÂÉilfŸ bghUªâ ehSŠ bra‰ fhf bt§fŸ Fyªjid

aoik bfh©L ts®njtnjt da‰fhâ akydUŸbrŒj òu

bkdîyf kid¤J§ TW« ta‰ fhÊ ef®¢r£il ehjÅU

ghjkyiu tz§» thœth«

âUehif¡fhnuhz¥ òuhz«

itaid itaK©l kh§f¤ nk‰bfh©l brŒaid¢ brŒa ngh⤠âirKf‹ áubkh‹nwªJ« ifaid¡ flš Nœ ehif¡fhnuhz¡ nfhÆš bfh©l Iaid Ãidªj beŠnra«keh K‰wthnw. bt«gid¡ fU§ifahid btUtt‹WÇit ngh®¤j f«gid¡ fhyh‰ fhŒªj fhyid Phynk¤J« c«gid c«g®nfhid ehif¡fh nuhznka br«bghid Ãid¤j beŠnr â©zeh, K‰wthnw.

nkfehafdh»a ïªâu‹ gÂí« tŸsyh»a átbgUkhD¡F vªehS« âU¤bjh©L brŒtj‰fhf e«Kila Fy¤ij moikahf¡ bfh©L tsUªnjtD«, ãu«khâ njt® Kjyhdt®fS¡F« tu« mË¡F« Kjštdh»a gukát‹ V‰gL¤âajh« vd cyfbkšyh§ bfh©lhL« taš ts¥gKila ÓfhÊ¢ r£ilehjDkhd itut _®¤âÆ‹ ghjh« òa§fËu©ilí« tz§Fth«.

ï§nfí« âUehif¡fhnuhz¤jhid¤ Jâ¡F«nghJ "bt«giz¡ fU§ifahid btUtt‹ WÇit ngh®¤j átnd" itutuhf ehknkªâdh® v‹gJ És¡F»wJ.

21. fhá ufáa«

24. khôu¥ òuhz«

js« bghÇkynuh dhâthdt® jhœªJ ngh‰w îs« bghÈ fhá nkî KÆ®fŸ brŒght bkšyh§ fs« bghÈahJ j© l§ f©lw byhʪJ K¤â ts« bghÇtif brŒfhy tÆut‰f‹ò brŒth« ïªJ xË

X§Feh‰ gil K‹dŠR bkhŸS»® gilíª njR å§Fr¡ fuK‹dhŸ bt«gil mŠRkŠRª jh§FN‰ gilí§ bfh©nlh® jiy¡fy beªnjhnu‰w gh§Fnr® tL¡f¥ò¤njŸ gjky®¡ f‹ò brŒth«.

23

#a tUl« kh®fÊ - ij

ÄU£ bgUŠ braÈ Ü§fh khYl«òǤJ¥ ngh®¤j tU£bgU tLf‹ bt«bghd«òa¥ ghj« ngh‰¿.

X§»a rJu§fnridfS« mŠr¤j¡f ef¡ T®ikí« mH»a r§F, r¡fu«, thŸ, nfhj©l«, fijaha I« giliaí« ga¥gl¤j¡f Nyhíj¤ijí« jh§»¡ bfh©L ãu«k fghy¤âš ïu¤j« bfh£o¥ ghŒ¢R« bgUªjifadh« tLf ehj¡ flîË‹ ghj jhkiu¡F m‹ò brY¤Jth«.

mâaªjfhukhd euf« miltj‰F fhuzkh« f®t¤ij¥ gil¤jhš Äfî§ bfh^ukhd j©lid¡F£gl nt©Lbk‹W bjÇɤJ ka¡fkhd bfhLŠ braš É£L Ú§fh c¡»u euá§f¤ij¥ ãsªJ njhiyíǤJ¥ ngh®¤j nguUŸ cilnahdh»a tLf¡ flîË‹ bgh‰ghj fky§fis¥ ngh‰Wth«.

25. ciwô®¥ òuhz«

cyf _‹¿ D¡Fªjhnd bahUKj bjǪjh§ fy»Ö¥ bgh¿f L«ã ay§FK¤ jiyntwh§» tyDil khadhâ thdt® brU¡F khw¥ gyUK‹ dŠr bea¤njh® gÈ¡bfh©nlh‹ ruzŠrh®th«

29. nfhÆÿ®¥ òuhz«

bjU£bgU eyid thɤ ÔÉu ju¤J‰nwh®¡F tU£ bgU khia ü¿ tšÉid¥ gly§ Ñ¿¢ RU£bgU§ bfhoa J¡f Ãt®¤âíŠ Rf¤â‹ngW kU£bgUŠ brayhdšF« tLfidailªJ thœth«

Rt®¡f, k¤âa, ghjhsbk‹w âÇnyhf§fS¡F« jhnd xU Kjštbdd¤ bjÇɤJ¡ ifÆš msÉšyhj Ô¥bgh¿fis¢ áªâ¥ ãufhá¡F« K¤jiy ntyhíj¤ij jh§» ty«òÇ¢ r§fnkªâa khnah‹ Kjyhd thdt®fË‹ f®tkl§fî«, mt®fŸ g‰gyîkhf¥ ga¥glîkhf ïu¤j¥gÈ th§F« itut¡ flîË‹ ruzhu ɪj§fis¢ rh®ªjilth«.

bj˪njh® ngÇ‹g¤ij ï¢á¤J ÔÉu ju¤ij milªnjh®fË‹ bgU ka¡fkhd khiaia mʤJ tšÈid v‹D« gly¤ij¡ Ñ¿ RUŸ nghš bgUF§ bfhLªJ¡f ÃthuzK« guk Rf¤â‹ K¤â¥ngW« âUtU£ brayhš mUŸòÇí« tLf¡ flîis mil¡fy« òFªJ thœth«.

26. âUt«g®¥ òuhz«

RitKdª bjǪJ ã‹òj‰ Fjîª

ö¤jt nt£Lt® bghUt¢ britky® »Ht‹ wiy¢Rit K‹dª

bjǪJ ã‹d¡ Fjî»U eit bfh©kh bdŒ¤ njh®¢ RitKdª bjǪJ

eaªJãd¤jiy¡ Fjî§ fitgL âw‰ NyK§fu§ bfh©l

flîl‹ nrto ngh‰¿

30. âU¡FW¡if¥ òuhz«

M¡F« Éidkyu tdj‹ bw‹ww

ftD¤ jkh§f eh‹F§ fh¡F« Éidkha tdj‹ bw‹w‰

ft‹ nkÅ fÊbeŒ njhU« jh¡F« Éidahs Uªnj® rh‹Wiu¡f¡

T®bfhS »®¢rh§f¤ njhL ngh¡F« Éid N‰ gilígh§fK§bfhŸ

tLfdo ngh‰¿ thœth«.

K‹nd Rit gh®¤j ã‹nd jd¡Fjî§ f©z¥g ehadhiu¡ nghy¢ brªjhkiuadh»a ãuk‹ jiy¢Ritia K‹ndíz®ªjjhš ã‹D« ts®¤j efK«, gÊah Ëw âUkhš câu¤ij¢ Rit¤J K‹dÄÅikailªjjhš ã‹Dk¤jifa rka§f£Fjth fhuz bg‰¿íila NyhíjK« ifƉ bfh©nl‰W« itut¡ flîË‹ nrtofis¥ ngh‰Wnth«.

jhœªj áW¤ bjh©lUk¿ªJ rh£á Tw c©lh¡F« gil¥ò¤bjhÊš ãu«knjtDilajšybt‹gjhŒ mtDila eh‹F KfK« ghJfh¡Fª ââ¤bjhÊÈš ÉZQÉDilajšybt‹gjhŒ mtDila ïu¤j« xGF« njfK« És§F« TÇa efbthG§F« cÆiu¥ ngh¡f¤j¡f Nyhíjnkªâa ifí« bfh©l itutUila âUtofis¥ ngh‰¿ thœth«.

27. âUthbshË¥ ò‰ù®¥ òuhz«

kiwfkœ fghy¤njhL khat‹ nkÅbeŒ¤njh® Jiwfkœ bfhoa btªÔ¢ NyK§ fu¤â‰wh§» Kiwfkœ cy»š ah®¡F_oa ngU¡F khŒ¡F Äiwfkœ tLf¥ ò¤nj Ëizao¡f‹ò brŒth«.

31. jÅô®¥ òuhz«

kiwòfœ jhndnah«g ta§f nf¤âu¤âbdšiy bghiwílš ÉL¤njh® ght¥ òz®¥ãD¡ nf‰wj©l§ Fiwaw Éa‰W j©lju‹FWfhJ jhnd Kiwíw îP‰¿¥ ngh¡F Kjštid tz¡fŠ brŒth«.

ãu«khÉ‹ fghynth£oš kfhÉZQÉ‹ câu¤ij th§F« bfhoa btªÔ¢ Ny¤ij¡ ifÆš jh§»¡ bfh©L cyf¤âny ahuh®¡F§f®t« _oanjh m¡f®t¤ij khŒ¡F« ïiwtdhd tLf¥ bgUkhDila âUto ïizfS¡F m‹ò ó©L xGFth«.

ntj§fshš òfœªJ bfh©lhl¤j¡f átbgUkh‹ nfhÆš všiyaU»š cliy É£owªjt®fË‹ ght r«gªj¤J¡Ñlhd j©lidia¡ FiwÉšyhkš Ãiwnt‰W« vk‹ beU§fhj t©z« všyhªjhnd be¿ Kiwahf¢ brŒJ ght¤ij¥ ngh¡» K¤â jU« tLfehj¡ flîis tz§Fth«.

28. És¤bjh£o¥ òuhz«

ïU£bgU Ãua nkt‰ nfJ thŠ brU¡F nkÉš btU£bgUª j©lnkî kfîbk‹ Wz®¤â ah§F ïªJ xË

(e‹¿ : itut kh‹Äa« - 1995) 24

#a tUl« kh®fÊ - ij

Éòyhdªj® g¡f«

Kj;jkpo; tpj;jfu;

tpGyhde;jUk; irtKk; - nry;tp gphpaq;fh fzgjpg;gps;is mk;kd; mwnewpg;ghlrhiy Mrpupau;> te;jhW%iy.

'nts;is epw ky;ypifNah Ntnwe;j khkyNuh

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khk‹w ÃfœîfŸ (2015) enlr® mãnõf âd§fŸ 05. 01. 2015 04. 03. 2015 10. 05. 2015 24. 06. 2015 28. 08. 2015 26. 09. 2015 26. 12. 2015

(kh®fÊ âUthâiu) (khá ó®tg£r rJ®¤já) (á¤âiu âUnthz«) (MÅ c¤ju«) (Mt ó®tg£r rJ®¤já) (òu£lhâ ó®tg£r rJ®¤já) (kh®fÊ âUthâiu)

khk‹w tUlhãnõf« 03 .05 .2015 : (á¤âiu Rthâ)

31. 03. 2015 12. 05. 2015 04.06. 2015 22. 06. 2015 24. 07. 2015 02. 12. 2015

FUóir âd§fŸ

: nahf® RthÄfŸ : âUehî¡fuR ehadh® : âUPhdr«gªj_®¤âehadh® : kh¡fthrf RthÄfŸ : Rªju_®¤â ehadh® : $y$ MWKfehty®

Ãidî âd§fŸ

19. 07. 2015 : RthÄ Éòyhdªj® 05. 12. 2015 : $y$ MWKfehty®

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tj;jkpo; cyfpy; vd;WNk kwf;fg;gl Kbahjth; ehtyh;. =y= MWKfehtyupd; xg;gw;w gzpiag; Nghw;wpg; ghuhl;b mtupd; ngUk;gzpfis irtj;jkpoh; czuTk;> mth; topapy; cz;ikahd irttho;f;if thoTk; mjw;Ff; fUtpEhyhd jkpio tsh;f;fTk; ehtyh; epidthf khehLfisAk; tpohf;fisAk; irtj;jpd; Nky; ek;gpf;if nfhz;lth;fs; elj;jp tUfpd;wdh;. ehtyh; ,Uz;l cyfpw;F Vw;wpa xspNa ,d;Wk; ehk; mtiu Ie;jhk; Futh; vdf; FUG+ir nfhz;lhLtjw;Ff; fhuzkhFk;. irtrkap vd;gtd; mfj;Jha;ikAk; Gwj;Jha;ikAk; nfhz;ltd; vd;gijj; jd; tho;thy;> thf;fhy; ntspg;gLj;jpath; ehtyh;. irtrkapf;Fg; Ngr;nrhd;whfTk; nranyhd;whfTk; ,Uf;ff;$lhJ vd;wtifapNy irth;fisj; jl;b vOg;gp cz;ik tho;f;if tho topfhl;ba xspNa ehtyh; ngUkhd;. gpwkjj;jpd; jhf;fj;jpdhYk; vk; kjj;jthpd; Kiwaw;w Nghf;fpdhYk; irt rka cz;ikfs; kq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;j fhyj;jpy; 'irtkhk; rkak; rhUk; Co;ngwyupJ" vd;w cahpa Nehf;fpid kf;fs; kj;jpapy; njspTgl vLj;Jf; $wp mjw;fhd fUtp Ehy;fisAk; je;J cz;ik irtdhf tho ek; mwpTf;F xsp Cl;ba cj;jkj; jpahfpNa ehtyh;. ehtyh; irtj;ij tsh;f;f jd; ,y;yw tho;f; ifiaj; Jwe;jhh;. Mrpupaj;njhopiyj; Jwe;jhh;. jkpo;> rk];fpUjk;> Mq;fpyk; Mfpa nkhopfspy; Gyik ngw;wpUe;jth; ehtyh;;. mj;jifa nkhopg; Gyikia itj;J irtd; xUtd; cz;ikr; irtdhf tho;tjw;fhd topKiwfisr; nra;jhh;. mtupd; rka mwpNt mtUf;F me;epa kjj;jthpdJk; irt rkaj;jthpdJk; rkaj;Jf;F khwhd nraw;ghLfisf; fz;bf;fTk; rka cz;ikfis vLj;Jf;$wTk; top nra;jJ. rkak; vd;gJ vy;yh ,iwikfSk; tha;f;fg; ngw;w muR. vdNt mJgw;wpa Iae;jpupgw;w cz;ikia mwpe;J czu;e;j ehtyh; me;epiyiar; irth;fs; jq;fs; tho;tpy; mEgtkhf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w xNu Nehf;fpy; nraw;gl;ltu;. vdNt irth;fs; cz;ikr; irth;fshf tho;tjw;fhfNt irt cz;ikia kf;fs; re;Njf tpguPjkpd;wp mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; tifapNyNa jkpo; nkhopiaf; fUtpahfg; gad;gLj;jpdhh;. ïªJ xË

'itaj;Js; tho;thq;F tho;gtd; thDiwAk; nja;tj;Js; itf;fg;gLk;" vd;gJ ngha;ahnkhop. itaj;Js; tho;thq;F thOk; mwnewpahfr; irtrkak; ,Ug;gij ehad;khh;fspd; tho;tpay; %ykhf mwpe;J jd; tho;f;ifapy; filg;gpbj;J xOfpaikahy; mth; jpUtUl;gpufhrj;ijg; ngw;whh;. vdNt ,iw mUs; xsp fpilf;fg;ngw;wtNu ehtyh;. ek; kf;fs; Kiwahfr; irttho;f;ifiag; NgzhJ tho;f;ifia myl;rpag;gLj;Jtij fz;L kdk; tUe;jpdhh;. mtupd; fPo;f;fhZk; fUj;Jf;fspypUe;J ,J njspthfpd;wJ. 'ek;Kila irtrkapfs; jq;fs; rkaKk; nkhopAk; tpUj;jpailAk; nghUl;L ehd; nra;Ak; Kaw;rpfSf;F cjtp nra;ahik khj;jpuk; mikahJ> ngUk;ghd;ikAk; mtkjpg;Gk; ,ila+Wk; nra;fpd;whh;fs;. ,jdhy; ahjhapDk; Xh; FiwT cz;L vd;Dq; ftiy vdf;F rpwpJk; ,y;iy. vdf;Fr; nrag;gLtdtw;iwf; fhZk; NjhWk; Nfl;Fe;NjhWk; gpwUf;Ff; jkpo; fw;wypd; fz;Zk; jkpo;f; fy;tpiaAk; irtrkaj;ijAk; tsh;j;jypd; fz;Zk; Cf;fKk; fpsuh tz;zk; jil tpisfpd;wNj vd;Dq; ftiy vdf;Fg; ngupJKz;L. g+h;tfhyj;jpNy irtrka tpUj;jpapd; nghUl;L Kad;w nghpNahh;fSf;Fr; irtrkapfshNy ed;F kjpg;Gk; gurkapfshNy ,ilA+Wk; nra;ag;gl;ld.

Mdhy; jw;NghJ irtrkapj;jth;fshNyNa ,il A+Wfs; Vw;gLfpd;wd. irtrka tpUj;jpapd;nghUl;L KaYk; vdf;F ek;kth;fshNy mtkjpg;Gk; ,ilA+Wk; nra;ag;gl;l NghJ ehd; jkpo;f;fy;tpiaAk; irtrkaj;ijAk; tsh;jj ; w;F Ntz;ba Kaw;rpfspYk; Nghf;Fk; fhyj;ij Kd;gapd;w ,q;fpyP]pNyNa Nghf;fp cj;jpNahfKk; nry;tKk; ngw;W ek;kth;fshNy kjpf;fg;gly;Ntz;L nkd;W tpUk;ghtz;zk; jpUtUs; Rue;j rptngUkhdJ ngUq;fUizj;jpwj;ij kwthjpUj;jNy vdf;F tha;g;GilajhaNjhh; ngUQ;nry;tk;."

Nkw;Nghe;j fUj;jhdJ ehtyupd; mirahj ,iwek;gpf;ifiaAk;> kf;fspd; kjpg;gpYk; ,iwtdJ fUizNa Nkyhd nry;tk; vd;gijAk; vLj;Jf; fhl;LtjhFk;. ,e;Nehf;fpw;F mika irt rka cz;ik fis khzth;fs; mwpe;J tho;f;ifapy; filg;gpbj; njhOFtjw;F irtf;fy;tpiag; Nghjpf;Fk; irtg; ghlrhiyfis epWtpdhh;. irt xOf;fj;ijg;NgZk; tifapy; ,f;fy;Yhupfs; nraw;gLk; tifapy; jFe;j Mrpupau;fs; mjpgu;fisf; nfhz;L miktjw;fhd jpl;lq;fis tFj;jhh;.

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rka tho;f;iff;F Kf;fpak; nfhLj;j ehtyh; cyff; fy;tpf;fhd Kaw;rpfisAk; jpl;lq;fisAk; Nkw;nfhz;lth; vd;gijAk; kwe;JtplyhfhJ. vdNt ehtyupd; gs;spf;$lq;fspy; tlnkhop> Mq;fpyk;> jkpo;nkhopf; fy;tp> ngsjPf Ehy;fs;> cyfpay; Ehy;fs; vd;gd fw;gpf;fg;gl;ld. fpwp];jth;fs; ifahz;l kjg;gpurq;fj;ijg; gpd;gw;wp jkpopy; gf;jp g+h;tkhd gpurq;f kuigj;Njhw;wp tpj;jth; ehtyh;. fw;wth;fSk; fy;yhjth;fSk; vy;NyhUk; ,iwgf;jp %yk; ,iw mUis ngWk; tifapy; rpthyaq;fspYk; klhyaq;fspYk; gpurq;f kugpd; %yk; irth;fs; mUs;xsp ngWk; tha;g;G ehtyh; vd;w QhdghEtpdhy; tha;f;fg; ngw;wJ. ehtyh; gpurq;fj;jpd; NghJ rptg;nghypTld; tpsq;fpaikahy; kf;fis <h;f;Fk; tifapy; rkag;gpurq;fk; kpf Kf;fpa khd ,lj;ijg; ngw;wJ. ehtyupd; gpurq;f td;ikNa mtUf;F ehtyh; vd;w mopahg;ngaiuf;nfhLj;jJ. ehtyupd; gpurq;fk; irtkf;fspilNa rkag; gw;iwAk; gf;jpiaAk; xOf;fj;ijAk; tsh;f;fTk; mth; jk; tho;T rpwf;fTk; cs;nshsp ngUf;fTk; tha;gpid nfhLj;jJ. NkYk; ehtyupd; Guhzgld nraw;ghLk; irtj;Jf;Fk; irtkf;fSf;Fk; xspa+l;baJ. ehtyUf;F Kd;Ng Guhzgld kuG Njhw;wk; ngw;W rpwg;Gw;wpUe;jhYk; ,th; fhyj;jpy; Guhzgldk; cah;epiy mile;jJ. gpurq;fk; Nghd;W fw;NwhiuAk; kw;NwhiuAk; ,izj;J rka cz;ikfis gf;jp epiyapy; czu;tjw;fhd topahf ,J ngUr;rpwg;gil ayhapw;W. cz;ikapy; ehtyh; vd;gth; vj;jifath; vd;gijAk;> mth; ahh; vd;gijAk; ehk; mwptjw;F ekf;Fg; ngupJk; cjTtd mtUila fz;ldq;fNs. mtUila fz;ldq;fs; ,Utifg;gl;ld.

1. fpwp];jth;fSf;fhd fz;ldq;fs; 2. irtrkapfs; Nkw;njhLj;j fz;ldq;fs; fpwp];jtkjj;jpdh;> irtrkapfspd; rkaEhy;fs;> topghL> fpupiafs;> rlq;F> ek;gpf;if> rkaj;Jf;Fk; r%fj;Jf;Fk; ,ilapyhd cwT Kjyhdtw;wpNy fhzg;gLk; FiwghLfisj; Jyhk;gukhff; fhl;br; irtk; tpUj;jk; cila kjnkd fw;gpf;fj; njhlq;fpdh;. kp~dupkhh;fspd; ,t;tifAf;jpfSf;F <LnfhLf;f KbahJ irtrkapfs; mq;fyha;f; fyhapdh;. ,t;thwhd gpurhuq;fisf; fz;bj;J mjw;Fr; rupahd gjpyb nfhLf;Fk; tifapy; gy fz;ld Ehy;fis vOjpdhYk; mjpy; jiyrpwe;jjhf irtJh~z gupfhuk; vd;Dk; Ehy; tpsq;fpaJ. ,e;Ehy; 19Mk; Ehw;whz;by; fpwp];jt rkaj;jpw;F vjpuhf vOe;j fz;ld Ehy;fSs; jiyahaJ vd;Wk;> cyf fz;ld Ehy;fspy; rpwe;jnjhd;W vd;Wk; gd;nkhopg; GyNthh; Fwpg;gpLth;. ghjphpkhh; irtk; gw;wpf; $w te;j fUj;Jf;fs; irtj;Jf;F khj;jpuky;y fpwp];jt kjj;jpYk; mit epiwe;J fhzg;gLfpd;wd vd;gijj; Jyhk;gukhf vLj;Jf;fhl;baJ. ,e;E}y; irtkf;fspilNa irtk; gw;wpa njspitAk; fpwp];jt kjj;ijr; rhh;e;j irth; ïªJ xË

fspilNa fpwp];jtk; gw;wpa kWghprPyidiaAk; fpwp];jtg; ghjpupkhh;fsplj;Nj Mo;e;j NahridiaAk; Vw;gLj;jpaJ. 1855Mk; Mz;by; ,yz;ld; nt];ypad; kp~d; mwpf;if irt Jh~z gupfhuk; gw;wp Nky;tUkhW tpje;Jiug;gJ ftdpf;fj;jf;fjhFk;. ',t;thz;bd; kfj;jhd epfo;r;rp irt J}~z gupfhuk; vd;w jkpo; E}y; ntspte;jikahFk;. m/Njhh; jiyrpwe;j ,yf;fpa E}y;. fpwp];jt kjj;ij vjph;j;J Mzpj;jukhfr; irtrkaf; Nfhl;ghLfis epiyepWj;Jk; Ehy;. mJ Kw;wpYk; Gjpa je;jpuj;ijf; ifahz;L ekJ rkaj;ijf; jhf;FfpwJ. irtj;ij tplf; fpwp];jt kjj;jpy; vd;d tpNrlk; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gij vLj;J Muha;fpwJ. KOf;F> jPu;j;jk;. gpuhh;j;jid> tpujk;> ahj;jpiu> ,ypq;fhuhjid vy;yhk; ek;kplk; cs;snjd;W iggps; Mjhuj;Jld; fhl;L fpd;wJ. Kjy;jukhd %isjhd; ,jid vOjpapUf;f Ntz;Lk.; ,e;Ehy; vkf;F ngUq;nfLjiy nra;fpd;wJ." Nkw;Nghe;j fUj;Jf;fs; ehtyh; irtj;Jf;F xspa+l;ba irtQhdghE vd;gij muz; nra;tjhFk;. rkz ngsj;j kjq;fshy; gy;yth;fhyj;jpy; irth;fs; mDgtpj;j Jd;gj;ijg;Nghf;fp irtj;ij xspngwr;nra;j ehad;khh;fs; Nghd;W ehtyUk; rptnjhz;ilNa jd; tho;thff;nfhz;L ahh;f;Fk; mQ;rhj neQ;rpduha;j; jpfo;e;jik <bizaw;w ngUk;nraNy. ehtyh; irtrkapfs; Nkw;njhLj;j fz;ldq;fSk; irth;fs; cz;ikr; irth;fshf tho topfhl;L tjhFk;. ehtyhpd; gjpg;G Kaw;rpAk;> ciueilr; nraw;ghLk; irtrka cz;ikfisf; $Wk; Ehy;fspd; cUthf;fKk; Fwpg;ghfr; irttpdh tpil Nghd;w Ehy;fs; mth; rka cz;ikfis rhjpNgjkw;w epiyapy; irtrkapfs; midtUk; fw;Wj;Njwp mjd; top nraw;gl topnra;td. Myaq;fspy; gypaply;> rpd;dNks eldk; Nghd;w gy Mfk tpNuhjr; nray;fis xopg;gjw;F ngupJk;Kad;W cioj;jth; ,th;. Nfhapy; mikg;G> Nfhapy; mjpfhupfspd; xOf;fk;> mq;Nf G+rid nra;Ak; fpupahFUtpd; xOf;fk;> topgLNthhpd xOf;fk; vd;gd gw;wpa mtUila fUj;Jf;fs; kdpjid cz;ik xspahd rptguk;nghUspd; mUSf;Fg; ghj;jpukhf;Ftd. Nkd;iknfhs; irtePjp tpsq;fpj;Jyq;f tho;it MFjp nra;jtNu ehtyh;. me;j caupa Nehf;if ,yl;rpakhf;fpr; rptnjhz;lhfj; jd; tho;it mikj;Jf;nfhz;l ehtyh; irth;fSf;F xspa+l;ba fjputNd. ,iwtdpd; ,Ug;igj; jk; jpUKiwg; ghly;fspd; %yk; epWtpath;fs; irt ehad;khh;fs;. vdNt mtw;wpw;F tPl;L topghl;bYk; Mya topghl;bYk; Kjd;ik nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;bajd; ,d;wpaik ahikia kf;fs; kj;jpapy; ngupJk; ntspg;gLj;jp atUk; ehtyNu. ehKk; ehtyh; top epd;W ,iwaUs; eyk; nfhz;l jpUKiwfisg; Nghw;wp xsp ngWNthkhf!

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nahf® RthÄfŸ g¡f«

ey;y kUe;J ey;y kUe;njhU FUkUe;ij ehd; ey;Y}hpw; fz;Nld;

- (ey;y)

vy;iyapy; yhg;gpzp jPh;f;FkUe;J ,k;ik kWikf;F Nkw;w kUe;J ,y;iy nadhJ nfhLf;Fk; kUe;J Vio abahh;f; fpuq;F kUe;J

- (ey;y)

ty;ytd; nry;yg;gd; je;j kUe;J tho;j;Jk; fzgjpf; Fte;j kUe;J Gy;yh;fs; fz;Lk; Grpah kUe;J Gz;zpah; Nahfh; Grpf;F kUe;J

- (ey;y)

ijay;ehafp jhNa ,J ey;y jUzk; mk;kh itak; GfSk; tz;iz khefhpy; te;j thzpNa> rptfhkpNa fe;j Rthkpiag; ngw;w ijay;ehafpNa jhNa ijay;ehafp jhNa - rptNahf Rthkpfs;

ew;rpe;jid

átnahf® RthÄfË‹

nja;tj;ij ek;G. KOkdj;NjhL e k ; G . cyfpy; cdf; f pdpanjdf; Njhd; W k; vtw; w pYk; ,dpajhf epid. mijtpl Ntwpy;iy vd;W epid. ,Uf; F k; N ghJk; epw; F k; N ghJk; elf; F k; N ghJk; fplf;Fk;NghJk; epid. cdJ euk;gpYk; jirapYk; ,uj;jj;jpYe; nja;tnkd;Dk; epidNt epiwtjhf. ehdpyi ; y> flTNs ,Uf;fpwhnud vz;Z. flTisf; Fk;gpLjNy tho;tpd; ,yf;fhf itj;Jf;nfhs;. vtd; vij epidf;fpwhNdh mtd; mJthfpwhd;. flTis cdJ cs; s j; j py; itj; J tsh; g ; g hahf. vy; y hk; mtUila nrayhFf. <w;wpy; vy;yhk; mtdhfNt fhzg;gLk;.

I«gjhtJ FUóir M©L

ahœ¥ghz¤J khKÅt® jt¤âU átnahf® RthÄfË‹ I«gjhtJ FUóir M©L ïJ. flªj tUl« (2014) V¥uš khj« 10M« âfâ Mu«gkh»a RthÄfË‹ FUóir ÃfœîfŸ ehlshÉa ßâÆš eilbg‰W tU»‹wd.

rptngUkhd; mj;Jtpjkhf ,Uf;fpwhh;.mbNad; mtNu vdj; jpahdpf;Fk; kfpik vdf;Fz;L. xUtd; vg;gb ghtid nra;fpwhNdh mtd; mg;gb Mfpwhd;.

Mifahy; ‘ehd; mtNd’ vd;W jpahdQ; nra;. mg;NghJ cd; nra; i ffs; midj; J k; mtd; nra; i fNa ahFk; . mtidj; jtpu NtW nghUs; ,y; i y mtNd midj;Jk;.mg;gbahd mtNd jd;idg; gy Nfhyq; f shf; f p tpisahLfpwhd; . mtDf; F g; gpwg;gpy;iy Mjpae;jkpy;iy.xU khWjYkpy;iy.

KOJKz;ik.

ï›tUl« (2015) kh®¢ khj« 30M« âfâ ÃfHÉU¡F« RthÄfsJ FUóir âd« tiu, I«gjhtJ FUóir M©o‹ áw¥ò óir tÊghLfŸ bjhl®ªJ ïl« bgwÉU¡»‹wd.

xU nghy;yhg;Gkpy;iy vg;gNth Kbe;j fhhpak; ehkwpNahk; - Nahfh; Rthkpfs; KOtJk; cz;ik ïªJ xË

- Nahfh; Rthkpfs;

30

#a tUl« kh®fÊ - ij

thœ¡if¡F tÊfh£L«

ïªJ kj« - irt ɤjf® nah. nkhfjhr‹ "cŸs« bgU§nfhÆš CDl« ghya« tŸsš ãuhD¡F thŒ nfhòuthrš bjŸs¤ bj˪jh®¡F¢ Ót‹ átȧf« fŸs¥òyidªJ« fhshk És¡nf" v‹»wh® âU_y®.

vdnt cliy áw¥ghf¥ ng ca®thœî fhz vk¡F¥ gy tÊKiwfis¡ fh£o tÊel¤J»‹wJ ïªJ kj«. ïšywthœî¡F tÊtF¤j ïªJkj« mwtÊ Ã‹W bghUç£o mj‹ _y« ï‹g§fhz tÊbrŒ»wJ. mw«, bghUŸ, ï‹g«, åL v‹D« eh‹F òUlh®¤j§fis thœ¡ifÆš fil¥ão¤jš m¿îilikahF«. cy»YŸs k‰iwa cÆ®fËl¤âš m‹òilatuhŒ ïU¥gJ Äf mtáa«. öŒik, j‹dl¡f«, thŒik, m»«ir ngh‹wt‰iw thœÉš fil¥ão¤J xGf mw¢brašfŸ tÊfh£L»‹wd. c©ikahd m‹òilat®fS¡F âUtUŸ tªJ ifTL»‹wJ. ï¥goahd m‹ò mw‹ cilnah® áªijÆnyna ïiwt‹ nfhÆš bfhŸ»‹wh‹. ïªJkj¤âš Tw¥gL« gÂî«, g©ò« tz¡fKiwíl‹ nr®ªJ thœ¡ifíl‹ ïizªJŸsJ. âdK« bg‰nwhU¡F kâ¥gˤjš, bgÇat®fis tz§Fjš, FUit¤ bjŒtkhf¥ ngh‰Wjš, r¤âa¤ijí« j‹dl¡f¤ijí« fil¥ão¤jš v‹gd thœ¡ifÆš óuz Ãiwit¥ bgw tÊtF¡F«. ca®ªj thœ¡if¡F clš Mnuh¡»a« ï‹¿ aikahjJ. ïªJkj¤âš Rfhjhu¤Jl‹ nr®¤J R¤j¤ij¥ ngQkhW tÈíW¤j¥g£LŸsJ. njhŒ¤Jy®ªj Milfis¤ âdK« mÂjY«, irt czit c£bfhŸSjY«, nahfhrd« brŒjY« Mnuh¡»a¤â‰F cjwd vd ïªJkj« tÈíW¤J»‹wJ. Mya§fËš 圪J tz§Fjš, jiyÆš F£Ljš, njh¥ò¡fuz« nghLjš, iffis¤ jiy¡F nkny ca®¤â FɤJ tz§Fjš, nfhÆiy ty« tUjš ahî« tz¡fKiwfshf ïUªjhY« ïªJ j¤Jt¤ijí«, clš Mnuh¡»a¤J¡fhd És¡f¤ijí«, ca®ªj g©òfisí« cz®¤â thœ¡if¡F tÊfh£L»‹wJ. Éóâ bjŒt¤j‹ik thŒªjJ. mj‰F¢ rh‹whf âUPhdr«gªjÇ‹ âUÚ‰W¥gâf« És§F»‹wJ. "kªâukhtJ ÚW thdt® nkyJ ÚW" v‹D« gâf¤ij¥gho T‹ gh©oadJ Niynehia Ô®¤j tuyhW ïj‰F¢ rh‹whF«. ïªj åóâahdJ kªâur¡â thŒªjjhfî«, kUªjhfî« nehŒ Ô®¡F« tšyik cŸsjhfî« åLng‰¿‰F cghakhfî« És§F»wJ.

rh

¤âu§fË‹ jŤJt¤âid j‹df¤nj bfh©lJ ïªJkj«. K‹ò áªJ eâ¡fiuÆš ïUªjt®fns ïªJ¡fŸ v‹W miH¡f¥g£ld®. "rdhjd j®k«" v‹W miH¡f¥gLtJ« ïªJkjnk. ïªJ¡fË‹ ãujhd tÊfh£oahf ntj§fS« Mfk§fS« ïâfhr ïy¡»a§fS« És§F»‹wd. ïitfŸ kÅj thœ¡ifÆ‹ tÊfh£ofŸ k£Lkšy k¡fis thHit¡F« fUÉfŸ v‹W« Tw¥gL»‹wJ. k¡fŸ ï¥òÉÆš thœtj‰nf ãwªJŸsd®. "mÇJ mÇJ khÅluhjš mÇJ" vd¡ T¿a xsit _jh£o ãw¥ã‹ neh¡f¤ij cz®¤âíŸsh®. áw¥ghf thœtj‰F" jhdK« jtK« brŒÆ‹ thdt® ehL tÊâwªâLnk" v‹W« xsit ïa«ãÆU¡»‹wh®. k¡fŸ ï«k©Âš ãwªâw‰JHY«nghJ g‰¿¤ bjhl®tJ vkJ Éid¥ga‹fsh»a ešÉid, ÔÉidfnsahF«. mâÈUªJ k¡fŸ ÉLgLtj‰F ïiwtid¤ bjhHnt©L«. ght§fis <£L« fUk§fis Éy¡» fUiz, m‹ò, jahsáªij, <if, jhdjUk« KjÈa e‰g©òfis kÅjt®¡f« ts®¡f nt©L«. j‹DÆ® nghš k‹DÆiuí« ngznt©L« v‹W tÈíW¤â¡ TW»‹wJ ïªJkj«. cy»aš tÊgh£L mDgt K⮢áÆdhš Phd« bg‰W cy»aš g‰W¡fËš ïUªJ jhkhf ÉLg£L <nl‰w« bgWtnj thœ¡if¤ j¤Jt«. ïj‰nf‰w tifÆš khÅl thœ¡ifia ãuk¢rÇa«, »UfÞj«, thd¥ãuÞj«, rªÃahr« vd eh‹F goÃiyfshf tF¤JŸsd®. ãuk¢rÇakhdJ m¿î M‰wšfis¥bgW« fhy f£lkhfî«, »UfÞjkhdJ bg‰w m¿É‹ Jizbfh©L ïšyw« elh¤â ï‹g« mDgÉ¡F« fhykhfî«, thd¥ãuÞjkhdJ cy»aš ï‹g§fËš mDgɤJ ã‹ V‰gL« g‰w‰w Ãiyiaí« TW»wJ. rªÃahrkhdJ M‹k <nl‰w« x‹nw F¿¡nfhshf cy»aš g‰W¡fis¤ JwªJ thG« thœ¡ifia¡ F¿¤J É»‹wJ. cliy ïiwt‹ FoÆU¡F« Myakhf¡ bfhŸsyh«. ïªJ xË

31

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ïªJkj¤âš mD£o¡f¥gL»‹w thj¤â‹ j¤JtK« thœ¡if¡F tÊfh£L»‹wJ. nkY« khj¤âš áy eh£fŸ cztUªjhJ ïU¤jš clY¡F¥ gy e‹ikfis¤ jUtjhf ï‹iwa ÉŠPhÅfŸ TW»‹wd®. ïj‹ _y« clš cW¥ò¡fŸ ò¤Jz®¢áíl‹ ïa§Ftjhfî« Tw¥gL»‹wJ. ï›thW clš Mnuh¡»a¤â‰F tÊfh£oahf ïªJkj« ciH¤J¡fis¤j kÅjD¡F XŒtˤJ Mdªj_£L« g©oif âd§fis cUth¡»íŸsJ. ï¥g©oif _y« cwîfŸ x‹W nr®»‹wd. mJ k£Lk‹W ÉUªnjh«gš, x‹WTlš, x‰Wik, É£L¡bfhL¤jš, ïiw¤j‹ik v‹gd _y« thœ¡if¡F bkUT£l¥gL»‹wd. áwªj Mlš fiyah»a guj¤ij ïªJkj« cyF¡F bfhL¤JŸsJ. ï§F átÅ‹ âUeld« áwªj Mlš murdhf ca®ªJ É»‹wJ. ïjid neh¡F«nghJ ïir¡F K¡»a¤Jt« bfhL¡f¥g£LŸsJ. cy»‹ njh‰w¤J¡F¡ fhuz« "ehj«"jh‹ v‹W TWtJl‹ ntj§fËš rhkntj« ïir¡F K¡»a¤Jt« bfhL¥gijí« ïªJ j¤Jt« cz®¤J»‹wJ. "ïirÆš trkhfh ïja« vJ?" v‹gj‰F ïz§f Mya§fËš thá¡f¥gL« ïir¡fUÉfŸ ahî« bjŒåf

cz®¢áia V‰gL¤J»‹wJ. Mya§fËš fhz¥gL« f£ll¡fiy, á‰g¡fiy, XÉa¡fiy v‹gd ïa‰if mHFz®¢áia V‰gL¤J»‹wJ. všyhÉjkhd thÅayhs®fS« mªj¡fhy¤âny nfhŸfŸ g‰¿í« mt‰¿‹ ïa¡f« g‰¿í« T¿íŸsh®fŸ. òÉÆš V‰gl¡Toa jh¡f¤ijí« NÇa rªâu »ufz§fshš V‰gL¤J« kh‰w¤ijí« T¿ÆU¡»‹wh®fŸ. mJnghy vitbait v›bt› fhy§fËš v§bf§F njh‹W« v‹gd g‰¿í« ïªJkj rhÞâu¤â‹ _y« m¿aKo»‹wJ. ïªJkj¤âš bghâªJ »l¡»‹w mid¤J bra‰ghLfËY« ïiw m‹ig¥ òF¤â g¡â cz®it V‰gL¤â ïUªjij¡ fhzyh«. ïªJkj« khbgU« bgh¡»õ«. vkJ á‰w¿î¡F v£oait áynt. mj‰F« v«khš És¡f« fhzKoahJ v‹gj‰fhf _l¡bfhŸiffŸ v‹W T¿Élî« KoahJ. Mfnt thœ¡ifÆ‹ gšntW m«r§fËY« c£òFªJ kÅj j®k¤Jl‹ kÅj‹ thœth§F thœtj‰FÇa mid¤J Éla§fisí« j‹df¤nj bfh©L jÅ¢áw¥òl‹ És§FtJ ïªJkj« v‹gJ všnyhuhY« V‰W¡bfhŸs¥g£l c©ikahF«.

âU¡nfhÆš tÊgh£LKiw :

nt©L«. Mya¤âYŸs _®¤âfis tz§F§fhš K‹ò Jthughyfiu tz§»¥ ã‹ò âUeªânjtiu tz§», “gfthnd c«Kila âUtofis milªJ mona‹ cŸns òFªJ átbgUkhid¤ jÇá¤J¥ ga‹bgW« bghU£L mDkâ jªjUS«” v‹W ãuh®¤â¤J¡ bfh©L cŸns ngh­Œ, K‹ É¡»ndRtuiu¤ jÇá¤jš nt©L«. ã‹ átȧf¥bgUkh‹ rªÃâiaí« ckhnjÉah® rªÃâiaí« milªJ m®¢rid br­ŒÉ¤J Éóâ th§»¤ jǤJ¡ bfhŸs nt©L«. mj‹ã‹ Kiwna rghgâ (eluhr®), j£rzh_®¤â, nrhkhÞfªj®, rªâunrfu®, R¥ãukÂa® KjÈnahiuí« rkaFut® ehštiuí« tz§Fjš nt©L«. tz§F«nghJ ïu©L iffisí« kh®ãnyD«, áuányD« FɤJ¡ bfh©L njthu âUthrf« ngh‹w âUKiwfis kd§fáªJU» XJjš nt©L«. É¡»ndRtuiu¤ jÇá¡F« nghJ K£oahf¥ ão¤j ïu©L iffËdhY« be‰¿Æny _‹WKiw F£o, ty¡fhij ïl¡ifÆdhY«, ïl¡fhij ty¡ifÆdhY« ão¤J¡ bfh©L _‹WKiw jhœªJ vGªJ F«ãLjš nt©L«. ï¥go¡ F£Ltjdhš m›Él§fËYŸs eu«òfËš mÄ®j« Ru¥gjhfî«, jhœªbjGtâdhš m›tÄ®j« clš KGtJ« brštjhfî« bgÇnah® TWt®. ï›tz¡f« njh¥ò¡ f®z« mšyJ njh¥ò¡ fuz« vd tH§F«. ïWâahf¢ r©nlRuiu¤ jÇá¤J¡ F«ã£L¤ njh¤âu«¨ brŒJ _‹WKiw ifbfh£o¢ átjÇrd gyid¤ jªjUSkhW ãuh®¤â¤J, ty¥g¡fkhf tªJ átrªÃâia milªJ, ïlg njtUila bfh«ã‹ eLthf¢ átȧf¥bgUkhid¤ jÇá¤J¥ gÈ Õl¤â‰F m¥ghš K«Kiw tz¡fŠ brŒJ vGªJ, mikâahd XÇl¤âš ïUªJ âUitªbjG¤ij ïa‹wk£L« cU¢brã¤J¡ bfh©L át áªjidnahL mikâahf å£o‰F¢ bršYjš nt©L«. (ïªJ khk‹w btËplhd "ïªJ k¡fS¡F xU ifnaL" üÈÈUªJ vL¡f¥g£lJ.)

nfhÆY¡F¢ bršnth® czî bfhŸSK‹dnu Úuho, njhaªJ cy®ªj Milfis¤ jǤJ, Éóâí« cU¤âuh¡fK« mªJ, rªâahtªjd« KjÈad Ko¤J¢ átehk§fis c¢rǤJ¡bfh©L bkšybkšy elªJ bršy nt©L«. âU¡nfhÆiy¢ rÛã¤jJ« if fhš fGÉ, Mrkd« g©Â öyȧfkh»a nfhòu¤ij jÇá¤J tz§», átehk§fis c¢rǤJ¡ bfh©L cŸns bršYjš nt©L«. m§nf bfho¤ j«g¤ijí« gÈÕl¤ijí« eªânjtiuí« tz§»¡ bfho¤ j«g¤â‰F m¥ghš M©fŸ m£lh§f tz¡fK«, bg©fŸ gŠrh§f tz¡fK« br­Œjš nt©L«. m£lh§f tz¡fkhtJ jiy, ifÆu©L, brÉÆu©L, nkhth­, òa§fËu©L v‹D« v£L cW¥ò¡fS« Ãy¤âny bghUªJ«go tz§FjyhF«. 劉d« tz§F«nghJ óÄÆny áuir it¤J kh®ò óÄƉgL«go ty¡ ifia K‹D«, ïl¡ ifia¥ ã‹D« nenu Ú£oã‹ m«Kiwna kl¡», ty¥òaK« ïl¥òaK« k©Âny bghUªJ«go iffis miuia neh¡» Ú£o, ty¡fhij K‹D«, ïl¡fhij¥ ã‹D« bghUªj¢ brŒjš nt©L«. gŠrh§f tz¡fkhtJ jiy, ifÆu©L, KHªjhŸ ïu©L v‹D« IªJ cW¥òfS« Ãy¤âny bghUªJ«go tz§FjyhF«. ïit jÉu, âÇah§f tz¡fK« br­a¥gLjš c©L. âÇah§f tz¡fkhtJ áuány ïu©L iffisí« FɤJtz§Fjyh«. ïJ M© bg© ïUghyhU¡F« cÇaJ. ï›tz¡f§fS«, åâ ty« tUjY« xUjunkD«, ïUjunkD« br­Œjš F‰wkh«. _‹WjukhÆD« IªJjukhÆD« VGjukhÆD« x‹gJ jukhÆD« g‹Åu©L jukhÆD« br­Œjš nt©L«. bfho¤j«g¤â‰F m¥ghš tz§»a ã‹ ïu©L iffisí« FɤJ¤ âUitªbjG¤ij c¢rǤJ¡ bfh©L, fhšfis bkšy bkšy it¤J¡ FiwªjJ _‹W jukhÆD«, ToaJ ïUg¤bjhUju khÆD« åâty« tUjš nt©L«. m§‡d« tªJ Û©L« rªÃâÆny tz§Fjš ïªJ xË

32

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ehty® bgUkhÅ‹

áWt® xË

áWt®fS¡fhd fijfŸ

Nguhir ngUe;Jah;

cz;ikapd; gad;

Xh; ChpNy> kpfTk; jhpj; j pudhfpa xUtd; tpwFntl;br; Rke;J tpw;W> mjdhNy rPtdQ; nra;J te;jhd;. mtd; xUehs;> rkPgj;jpy; tpwFntl;lf; fpilf;fhikapdhy;> kpFe;j Jhuj;jpy; Xh; Mw;wq;fiuapy; cs;s fhl;bw;Fg; Ngha;> mjd; fiuapNy> gl;Lr; rha;eJ ; epw;Fk; kuj;ijf; fz;L> Nfhlhyp nfhz;L mijj; jwpj;jhd;. Nfhlhyp fod;W> Mokha; ngUfpNahLk; Mw;W nts;sj;Js; tPoe ; j ; J. grpjhfq;fspdhNy kpfTk; fisg;gile;j mt;Ntioahdtd; ‘,dp vd;d nra;Ntd;’ vd;W kdtUj;jkile;J> mOJnfhz;L epd;whd;. mg; n ghOJ> mf; f hl; b ypUf; F k; tdnja; t khdJ mtDf;F vjpNu te;J> ‘Vd; mOfpwha;?’ vd;W Nfl;lJ. mtd; ele;jijr; nrhd;dhd;. clNd mj;nja;tk; mtDf;fhf ,uq;fp> mt;thw;W nts;sj;Js; ,wq;fp %o;fpj; jltpg;ghh;jJ ; > xU nts;spf; Nfhlhypia vLj;Jf; nfhz;L te;J fhl;b> ‘,J jhdh cd; Nfhlhyp?’ vd;W Nfl;lJ. mtd; ‘md;W’ vd;whd;. mj;nja;tk; gpd;Dk; %o;fpj; jltpg;ghh;j;J> xU nghw;Nfhlhypia vLj;Jf; nfhz;L te;J fhl;b> ‘,J jhdh?’ vd;W Nfl;lJ. mtd; mjidAk; ‘md;W’ vd;whd;. mj;nja;tk; gpd;Dk; xU Kiw %o;fpj; jltpg; ghh;j;J> Xh; ,Uk;Gf; Nfhlhypia vLj;Jf; nfhz;L te;J fhl;b> ‘,J jhdh?’ vd;W Nfl;lJ. mk;kdpjd; mJ jd; NfhlhypahapUf;ff; fz;L> kpFe;j re;Njh~j;NjhL ‘,J jhd; vd;Nfhlhyp’ vd;W nrhy;yp> mjid vLj;j ed;wpf;fhf mj;nja;tj;ijj; Jjpj;jhd;. nja;tk;> mtDila rj;jpaj;ijAk; cWjpiaAk; Gfo;e;J> jhd; vLj;j Nfhlhypfs; %d;iwAk; ,d;Dk; mNef jputpaq;fisAk; gy tuq;fisAq;nfhLj;J> mtid MrPht ; jpj;Jg; NghdJ. mj;jhpj;jpud; mitfisg; ngw;Wg; ngUQ; nry;tdha;j; jd; FLk;gj;jhNuhL kfpo;eJ ; tho;ej ; hd;. ,e;jr; rkhrhuq;fis tprhhpj;jwpe;j NtnwhU tpwFf;fhud;> jhDk; ,tidg;Nghyr; nry;tdhf Ntz;Lk; vd;W vz;zp> me;jf; fhl;by; Mw;Nwhuj;jpNy tpwF ntl;bf;> Nfhlhypia Mw;wpNy eOttpl;L epd;W mOjhd;. mg;NghJk; mt;tdnja;tk; Kd;Nghy; Mw;Wnts;sj;Js; %o;fp xU nts;spf; Nfhlhypia vLj; J f; fhl; l > mtd; kpFe; j re; N jh~j; N jhL ‘,J jhd; vd; Nfhlhyp’ vd;whd;. nja; t k; Nfhlhypia Mw; w pDs; vwpe;J tpl;L> mtidf; Nfhgpj;J epj;jpa jhpj;jpudhFk;gb rgpj;jJ. mtd; Nguhir fhuzkhfr; nrhy; y pa xU ngha; a pdhy; Kd;idapDk; kpFe;j jhpj;jpudha;g;> ngUe;Jd;gj;ij mDgtpj;jhd;.

Xh; ChpNy xUtd; gy ghtq;fisAk; mQ;rhJ nra;Jnfhz;Lte;jhd;. mtDila FU ‘,g;gbg; ghtq;fisr; nra;J Vd; nfl; L g; Nghfpwha; ? ,dp mg;gbr; nra;ahNj’ vd;W gy Gj;jpkjpfis mbf;fb mtDf;Fr; nrhy;ypf; nfhz;L te;jhh;. mtd;> ‘vy;yhg; ghtq;fisAk; vd;dhy; tpl KbahJ. ck; K ila nrhy; Y f; f hf eP h ; t plr; nrhy;Yfpw ghtk; xd;iw khj;jpuk; tpl;LtpLfpNwd;’ vd;whd;. FU ‘ngha; nrhy;yyhfpa ghtk; xd;iwahapDk; xopj;J el’ vd;W fl;lis nra;jhh;. mjw;F cld;gl;l rPld;> xUehs; ,uT me;j Chpy; murDila muz;kidapNy jpULk;gbNgha;> rkak; ghh;j;Jg; gJq;fp epd;whd;. mg;nghOJ> khWNtlk; g+z;L efu Nrhjidf;fhfg; Gwg;gl;l murd; mtidf; fz;L> ,td; jpUld; vd;wwpe;J> ‘eP vq;Nf te;jha;? cz;iknrhy;’ vd;W Nfl;lhd;. mtd; ‘,uhrhTila muz;kidapNy jpULk;gb te;Njd;’ vd;whd;. murd; Mr;rhpak; mile;J mtd; nra;if KOtijAk; ghh;ff ; epide;J> ‘ehDk; ,q;Nf jpULk;gb te;Njd;. vdf;Fk; ghjpnfhL’ vd;whd;. jpUld; mjw;F cld;gl;L> muridf; fhty;itj;J> muz;kidr; RthpNy fd;dk; itj;J> cl;GFe;J xU ngl;bapypUe;j tpiyNawg; ngw;w %d;W ,uj;jpdq;fSs; ,uz;il vLj;Jf;nfhz;L> kw;iw Xh; ,uj;jpdj;ijg; ghfk;gz;z KbahikapdhNy ngl;bapy; itj;J> ntspNa Gwg;gl;L te;J> murDf;F xd;iwf; nfhLj;J> kw;nwhd;iwj; jhd; nfhz;LNghapdhd;. khWNtlk; g+z;L te;j murd; mtd; ngah; Ch;fisf; Nfl;L mwpe;J nfhz;lhd;. gpd;G murd; muz;kidapDs;Ns Ngha;g; ngl;biag; ghh;jj ; nghOJ> Xh; ,uj;jpdk; ,Uf;ff;fz;L re;Njh~pj;J> kw;iwehl; fhiyapy; jd; ke;jphpia miog;gpj;J> ‘ek;Kila muz;kidapDs;Ns fs;th; te;J GFe;jjhfj; njhpfpwJ. ngl;biaj; jpwe;J ghh;’ vd;whd;. ke;jphp jpwe;J ghh;j;Jg;> ngl;bapypUe;j Xh; ,uj;jpdj;ijAk; jhd; vLj;J kiwj;Jf; nfhz;L> ‘tpiyNawg;ngw;w %d;W ,uj;jpdq;fisAk; fhztpy;iy’ vd;whd;. murd; mtid cj;jpNahfj;jpdpd;Wk; ePff ; p> rj;jpaj;jpw; rpwe;j me;jj; jpUlid miog;gpj;J cgrhpj;J> mtidj; jdf;F ke;jphpahf;fpf; nfhz;lhd;. (ed;wp :- =y= MWKf ehtyh; toq;fpa ghyghlk; - %d;whk; Gj;jfk;)

ïªJ xË

33

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kd mikjpf;F top jpahdk; nry;tp. Njtg;gpupah ghyr;re;jpud;>

khzt® xË

ah/ney;ypab kj;jpa kfh tpj;jpahyak;.

k

dk; xU Fuq;F. mq;Fk; ,q;Fk; miyghAk; kdij xU $l;Lf;Fs;Ns nfhz; L tUtnjd; g J mj; j id Rygkhdjy;y. ,j;jifa kdq;fis xU Kidg; g Lj; j p fl; L f; F s; nfhz; L te; J tho; f ; i fapd; rPu;j;jd;ik tpjpia kpf mofhf vLj;jpak;gp epw;gJ jpahdk;. nysfPf tho;f;ifapy; Kbtpyy ; h Mde;jj;ij miltNj kdpj ,dj;jpd; Fwpf;Nfhshf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,t;Tyfpy; xt;nthUtUk; Mde;jj;ij mila Kaw; r p nra; f pwhu; f s; . mdhy; kpfr; r pyuhy; j hd; mij mila KbfpwJ. xt;nthU Mj;khTk; rf;jp tha;e;j nja;tf P j; jd;ik nfhz;lJ. kdpjdplj;jpYs;s nja;tPfr; rf;jpiag; gad;glr; nra;tjw;F jpahdk; xU tug;gpurhjkhf cs;sJ. cly; rk;ge;jkhd tplaq;fspy; Cf;fk; fhl;Lk; ,e;jf; fhyfl;lj;jpy; cynfq;Fk; Kd; vg;NghijAk; tpl Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij jpahdk; ngw;Ws;sJ. ekJ nysfPf tho;f;ifapy; Mj;jpuk;> ftiy> Nfhgk;> jf;fk;> Vkhw;wk;> Mfpa czu;r;rpfis cz;lhf;Fk; epfo;rr ; pfs; elf;fpd;wd. KOik mile;j xUtd; ,it vtw;whYk; ghjpf;fg;gLtjpy;iy. mirtpy;yhj cWjp ngw;w kdpjdha; ,Ug;ghd;. ,t;thW jpahdj;jhy; Kd;Ndw;wk; cz;lhtjw;F topKiwfisg; ngupatu; f s; tpsf; f pAs; s du; .

Nahf RthkpfSk; > QhdpfSk; rpwe; j rupahd cjhuzq;fisf; nfhLj;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;. “jpahdk;” (Meditation) vd;w nrhy;iyf; NfypAk;> fpz;lYk; nra;Nthu; gyu;. jpahdk; vd;gJ nja;t topghl;bd; xU Kf;fpakhd mk;rkhf jpfOfpd;wJ vd;gJ xU nghJthd cz;ikjhd;. vd;whYk; Md;kpf Nehf;fj;JlNdNa jpahdj;ij gad;gLj;j KbAk;> gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;W vz;zptplf; $lhJ. nja;t ek;gpf;if ,y;yhjtu;fs; $l jpahd Kiwiag; gad;gLj;jyhk;. “kdpjid tpyq;Ffspdpd;Wk;> gpupj;J ngUik mspg;gJ> cau;tspg;gJ mtdplk; mike;jpUf;Fk; kdpjj; jd; i kjhd; > kdpjj; jd; i k vd; g J ïªJ xË

kdpjdpd; MSikiaf; Fwpg; g jhFk; .

MSik vd; g J kdpjdJ kfj; j hd ty;yikiaf; Fwpf;Fk;. xU nrhy; ,t;thW gpukpg;g+l;Lk; ty;yikiag; ngWtjw;F jpahdk; cjTfpd;wJ.” ,t; t hW Rthkp tpNtfhde; j u; $Wfpd;whu;. jpahdj; J f; F j; jilfshf ,Ug;gJ kdKk;> clYk; tpahjpapy; rpf;fp ,aq;fhikNaahFk;. ];J} y cly; vd;gJ kdpjd; cyFld; njhlu;G nfhs;s cjTtjhFk;. cliy ,af;Fk; kdk; (Mj;kh) vd;Dk; #f;Fk cly;. ,t;tpuz;Lk; xd; W gl; L ,aq; f tpy; i y vd; w hy; kdpjdpy; NfhshW Vw;gLfpwJ. jpahdk; Xu; mofpa> J}a;ikahd tplak;. ,jid mDgtk; nra;J re;Njh~j;ijAk;> jpUg;jpiaAk; kd epk;kjpiaAk; ngUf;fpf; nfhs;syhk;. md;Ng cUthd rKjhaj;ij mDgtk; nra;ayhk;. “cd;id Nerpg;gJ Nghy cd; maytidAk; Nerp” vDk; kdg;gf;Ftj;ijg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;syhk;. ,j;jifa nghf;fp~j;ij mDgtk; nra;tjw;F vk;ik cly; uPjpahfTk;> Mj;k uPjpahfTk; jahu; gLj;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. jpahdj;ij mDgtk; nra;tjw;F Rafl;Lg;ghL mtrpakhfpd;wJ. jpahdj; J f; F – Kd; d jhd MW gbfis gjQ;ryp Kdptu; tupirg;gLj;jpAs;shu;. ,akk;-kd xOf;fk; epakk; - cly; xOf;fk; Mrdk; - clw;gapw;rp gpuzhahkk; - %r;ir mlf;fy; gpuj;jpahfhuk; - Gydlf;fk; jhuiz – kd xUik vd;gitNa mit.

Md;k ; Kd;Ndw;wj;ij miltjw;F Kf;fpakhdJ kdj;J}a;ikNa. “There is no mortal truly wise a restless of one.

Wisdom is the repose of minds” “Qhdk; ngw;w ve;j kdpjDk; gjw;wk; milAk; epiyapy; ,Ug;gjpy;iy. kd mikjp epiyNa Qhdk; vd;wiof;fg;gLfpwJ.” vd yPah Ntl;lu; vd;gtu; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.

34

#a tUl« kh®fÊ - ij

Md;kpf E}y; gbg;G> ,iwtidg; gzpjy; vd;gdTk; ,Uf; f pd; w J. xUtd; vijAk; jhNd njupe; J nfhz;L tpl KbahJ. Md;kpf E}y; gbg;G vd;gJ xUtd; jd;idg; gw;wp mwptJjhd;. cyfk; vd;gJ vd;d? cly; vd;gJ vd;d? kdk;> Gj;jp> Md;kh vd;W mij tifg;gLj;jp mwptJ vy;yhk; Md;kpf E}y; gbg;gpdhNyNa KbAk;. E}y;fisg; gbg;gij tlnkhopapy; “Rthj;ahak;” vd;W $Wtu;. ,J cz;ikapy; xUtd; jd;idg;gw;wp mwptNj vd;W nghUs;gLk;.

NkYk; Nahf E}y;fisg; gbj;jy;> gjQ;ryp> jpU%yu;> fPij> cgepljk; Mfpatw;iwg; gbg;gjhYk; vkJ Mj; k hit J}a; i kahf; f p gukhj; k hTld; ,yFtpy; njhlu;GgLj;jp re;Njh~khf ,Uf;fyhk;. vkf;F fpilj;Js;s ,e;j mofhd tho;f;ifia NkYk; NkYk; re;Njh~khdjhf khw;wp> J}a;ikahd md;ig cq;fsplj;jpYk;> gpwuplj;jpYk; mDgtk; nra;J tho;fi ; fapy; ntw;wp ,uj;jpdq;fis cq;fsJ Mf;fpf;nfhs;s “jpahdk;” vd;Dk; nghf;fp~j;ij mDgtk; nra;Aq;fs;.

jpahdj;ij mDgtk; nra;a Kjy; xt;nthUtUk; mehtrpa vz;zq;fis ePf;f Ntz;Lk;. fle;j fhy re;Njfq;fis gw;wpAk; ePqf ; s; mile;j Njhy;tpfisg; gw;wpAk; xUNghJk; epidj;Jr; Nrhu;tilahjPu;. vjpu;fhyj;jpy; elg;gitnay;yhk; ed;ikahdit kl;Lk; jhd; vd;W Mo;kdj;Jf;F (Sub conscious mind) jpahdj;jpd; %yk; jfty; nfhLg;Nghk;.

J}a;ikahd> mikjpahd md;ghd Mj;khTld; jpahdj;ij mDgtk; nra;Aq;fs;. jpahdj; J f; F kpfTk; mtrpakhf ,Ug; g J MNuhf;fpakhd kdNk. ,jw;fhf xUtu; vt;tsT KbANkh me;j mstpw;F cz;ikahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy; xU ngha;iar; nrhd;dhy; tupirahfg; ngha; N a nrhy; y Ntz; b tUk; . kpfTk; Gj;jprhypj;jdkhf nrhy;yg;gLk; ngha;fs; $l ehsiltpy; cz;ik ,y;iy vd;W fz;L nfhs; s g; g l; L tpLk; . kdij mjpfkhff; ftuf; $baJ gz MirAk; fhk czu;TNk. ,tw;wpy; kdk; gjpe;jpUf;Fk; tiu jpahdk; if$lhJ. NkYk; vkJ tho; f ; i fiaj; J}a; i kg; gLj; J gitahf

ehty® bgUkhÅ‹ e‰nghjidfŸ Neha; te;jfhyj;jpNy rpwe;j itj;jpaiuf; nfhz;L itj;jpaQ; nra;tpj;jYk;> mth;fs; ,wf;Fk; nghOJ mth;fisg; gphpahJ cldpUj;jYk;> mth;fs; kdk; flTsplj;Nj nry;Yk;gb nghpNahh;fisf; nfhz;L ey;ywpitg; Nghjpg;gpj;jYk;> ,we;jgpd; mth;fSf;Fr; nra;Ak; cj;jufphpiafisr; rpuj;ijNahL nra;jYk;> mth;fSila ed;ikfis vLj;Jg; ghuhl;LjYk; Mfpa ,itfis ehk; gpjh khjhf;fSf;Fr; nra;Aq;flikfshff; nfhz;nlhOFjy; Ntz;Lk;. ehk; ,g;gbg; gpjhkhjhf;fis cgrhpj;J> mth;fs; nra;j ed;wpia kwthnjhOFNthkhdhy;> mJfz;l ek;Kila gps;isfSk; ek;ik cgrhpf;Fk;. ehk; flTs; xUth; ,Uf;fpwhh; vd;W mwpjw;FKd; fz;zhw; fz;l nja;tk; jha; je;ijah;fNs MjyhYk;> vd;Wk; ek;Kila eyj;ij tpUk;gp mjw;fhfg; gpuahrg;gLgth;fs; mth;fNs MjyhYk;> mth;fis xU nghOJk; kwthJ> ek;Kila nja;tq;fshff; nfhz;L> topgLjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,f;fUj;Jg; gw;wpNa xsitahUk; “md;idAk; gpjhT Kd;dwp nja;tk;” vd;W nrhy;ypaUspdhh;.

- =y= MWKfehtyh;. (ghyghlk;- %d;whk; Gj;jfk;)

ngw;whiug; Ngzy; ek;ikg; ngw;wth;fs; ek;Kila jhAk; je;ijAk;. ehq;fs; gpwe;jehs;Kjy;> fy;tp fw;W mwpQh;fsha;g; nghUs; rk;ghjpj;Jr; rPtdg; gUtj;ij milAk;tiuAk;> ekf;F Ntz;ba md;dt];jpuq;fisj; je;Jk;> ekf;F tpahjp te;j fhyj;jpNy mjw;fhf kdk; gijgijj;J itj;jpaQ; nra;tpj;Jr; nrsf;fpag;gLj;jpAq;> fy;tpfw;gpj;Jk;> ey;y gof;fq;fisg; gof;fpAk;> vg;nghOJk; ekf;fhfg; ghLgLgth;fs; ek;Kila gpjhkhjhf;fNs. ek;ikf; fUtpy; tfpj;j ehs;Kjy;> ehk; gpwe;J tsh;e;J ghyhtj;ijia milAksTk;> khjhthdts; ekf;fhfg;gl;l gpuahirfisAk;> ftiyfisAk;> ek;khy; mstpLjy; KbahJ. gpjhkhjhf;fs; ek;ikf; Fwpj;Jr; nra;Ak; cgfhuq;fSf;Nfh ek;khw; gpujpAgfhuQ; nra;a KbahJ. MapDk;> mth;fs; nra;j ed;wpfis cs;sj;jpy; itj;J> mth;fs; Kl;Lg;glhtz;zk; md;dt];jpuq; nfhLj;Jf; fhg;ghw;WjYk;> mth;fs; VTjw;F Kd; Fwpg;gwpe;J mth;fSf;F Ntz;ba gzptpilfisr; nra;jYk;> mth;fSf;Ff; fPo;g;gbe;J elj;jYk; mth;fSf;F

cjafhy¥ ãuh®¤jid

mona‹ ght§fŸ brŒaht©z«, monaid¤ jL¤J M£ bfh©lUS«. mona‹ K‹ go¤j ghl§fS«, ïÅ¥ go¡F« ghl§fS«, mona‹ kdány vªjehS« j§F«go mUŸ brŒí«.”

“bgU§ fUiz¡ flîns! br‹w ïuh¤âÇÆny njtß® monaid¡ fh¤jUËdâ‹ ÃĤj«, njtßiu mona‹ Jâ¡»nw‹. ïªj¥ gfÈY« monaid¡ fh¤jUS«. ïªJ xË

35

(ehtyÇ‹ Kjyh« ghy ghl¤âÈUªJ) #a tUl« kh®fÊ - ij

kd;dhh; mUs;kpF Qhdituth; Njt];jhdj;jpd; tuyhWk;> tsh;r;rpAk;

fle;J te;j ghij itj;jpa fyhepjp K.fjpu;fhkehjd; nrayhsu; - Qhditutu; Njt];jhdk;.

1988 Mk; Mz;L fhuj;jpif khjk; kd;dhu; ngupafilg; gFjpapNyAs;s xU ngupa ePuj ; N; jf;fj;jpd; fiuAld; ,ize; j ‘Gwk; N ghf; F ’ epyj; j pNy> xU rpd; d Q; r pW Xiy FbirapNy> “Fbfs; ,Uf; F kplj; j py; Nfhtpy; xd; W mtrpak; ” vd Vw;fdNt rpyuJ kdjpNy fUthd rpe;;jidapd; ntspg; g hlhf cUthdNj kd; d hu; ngupafil Qhditutu; Njt];jhdk;. cUthfp mz;zsthf %d; W jrhg; j q; f is neUq; F fpd; w ,d; i wa fhyfl;lj;jpNy tdg;Gk; nghypTk; epiwe;j fk;guP khd Njhw; w j; J ld; Gjpa fl; b lj; j pNy gpujp]; i l nra;ag;gl;L Fk;ghgpN\fk; eilngWfpd;wJ vd;W nrhd;dhy;> ,jdJ tuyhW gj;NjhL gjpndhd;whf vOjg;glNtz;ba xd;wy;y vd;gjid ehk; Gupe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,NjNghd; W jk; i k kjr; r hu; g w; w rkur rpe; j idahsu; f hsff; fhl; b f; n fhs; t jd; %yk; jkJ cau;gjtpfisf; fhg;ghw;wpf; nfhs;s KbAk; vd;w vz;zj;jpYk;> jkJ gjtp Rfj;jpw;F jhk; rhu;e;j kjk; vJtpjkhd ,ilQ;ryhfTk; ,Ue;J tplf; $ lhJ vd; w Raeyk; fhuzkhfTk; rpy cau; mjpfhupfs; jkJ gjtpapd; mjpfhuq;fisj; J\; g puNahfk; nra; J cj; j pNahfG+u; t khfTk; > cj;jpNahfG+u;tkw;w KiwapYk; ,t;thyaj;jpw;F gy ,ilA+Wfis Vw;gLj;jpdhu;fs; vd;w “cz;ik”ia ntspg;gLj;JtJ@ vy;yh ,ilA+WfisAk; jhz;b Fk;ghgpN\fk; nra;Akstpw;F ,t;thyak; cWjpahf cau;e;J tpl;l epiyapNy nghUj;jkhdJ jhdh? vd;w jaf;fk; vd;idr; rw;W jLkhw itj;jhYk;; cs;sij cs;sgb ciug;gJjhd; tuyhW vd;w mbg;gilapy; tuyhw;iw jpiuNghl;L kiwg;gjw;F ehd; ahu;? vd;w vz;zk;> vd;idr; Rjhfupj;Jf; nfhz;L njhlu;e;J vOjj; J}z;Lfpd;wJ. ,e;j mjpfhupfs; Raeyj; j pw; f hf ,t; t hyaj; j pw; F vjpuhfr; nraw; g l; l NghJ> ,t; t hyaj; j pw; f hd Mjutpid mjpfupg;gjw;Fk;> irt rkaj;jtupilNa xw;WikiaAk;> tpopg;Gzu;tpidAk; Cf;Ftpg;gjw;Fk; jhq;fSk; kiwKfkhf xU Kf;fpa fhuzpahf tpsq; f g; N ghtjidg; ghtk; mtu; f s; mg; N ghJ mwpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy. me;j Neuj;jpy; vy;yh ,af;fq;fSk; nraw;gl;Lf;nfhz;bUe;j fhyk;. nuNyh ,af;fj;ijr; Nru;ej ; nry;tul;zk; n[aNkhfd; vd;gtUk;> mtUld; ïªJ xË

Nrhjpypq;fk; MrpupaUk; jpUf;NfjPr;ruk; nrd;W Gytu; jpUehTf; f uR Iahtplk; xU #yk; xd;W Ntz;Lk; vd;W Nfl;f mtu; Nfhapy; fsQ;rpa rhiyapy; xU mofpa #yk; xd;W cs;sJ> vLj;Jj; jUfpd;Nwd; vd vLj;Jf; nfhLj;jhu;. me;j #yj;ijf; nfhz;L te;J el;L ehd;F gf;fKk; jbfs; Nghl;L Xiyapdhy; Ntag;gl;L xU rpW Fbirapy; itutu; mUs; g hypj; j hu; . ,e;j #yk; ehl;lg;gl;L Ie;J kzpj;jpahyj;jpy; <gpMu;vy;;vg; ,af;fj;ijr; Nru;e;j xUtu; #yj;ij fol;b vwpe;J tpl;L nrd;Wtpl;lhu;. ,J rk;ge;jkhf ele;j tha;j;ju;f;fj;jpd; ,Wjpapy; Fl;bg; Nghuhf khw #yj;ij fol;b vwpe;j ,af;fj;ijr; Nru;e;j ,Utu; Jujph;]l ; khf kuzkile;jdu;. ,e;j #yj;ij fol; b vwpe; j tu; %d; w htJ ehs; ,uj; j the; j p vLj; J itj; j parhiyapy; mDkjpf; F k; N ghJ capupoe;jhu;. ,jd; gpd;G kPz;Lk; #yk; mNj ,lj;jpy; ehl;lg;gl;L rPnke;J Nghl;L fol;l Kbahky; fhty; Nghlg;gl;lJ. mg;NghJ murhq;f mjpguhf ,Ue;j jpU. ju;kghyd; mtu;fs; ,Ufl;rpapdiuAk; mioj;J fye;Jiuahbjw;F gpd; mikjp xd;W epiyehl; l g; g l; l J. ,e; j pa mikjpg; g ilapdu; 1989 filrpg; gFjpapy; ntspNaw ,t;tpU ,af;f cWg;gpdu;fSk; mtu;fSld; ntspNawpa NghJk;> rpW Xiyf; n fhl; l ifahf ,Ue; j Nfhapypy; topghLfs; jq;Fjilapd;wp eilngw;W te;jd. tpLjiyg;Gypfspd; ,af;f cWg;gpdu;fs; kd;dhu; gl; b dj; j py; jq; f Sila epiyia Nkk; g Lj; j p fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fs; nfhz;L te;jdu;. mtu;fs; kj rk;ge;jkhd ve;jtplaq;fspYk; jhq;fs; <Lgl;L fUj;Jf;fs; $Wtjpy;iy vd;W nrhy;yp ,e;j tplaq;fspy; jiyapltpy;iy. 1990 [_d; khjk; Kjy; kf;fs; ,lk;ngauj;njhlq;fpdu;. 1990 Mk; Mz;L xf;Nlhgu; khjk; Kjyhk; jpfjp ,uhZtk; kd; d hu; jP t pidf; ifg; g w; w tpLjiyg; G ypfs; ntspNawpdu;. murhq;f mjpguhf mkuu; nrgehafk; Iah ,Ue;jNghJ ,e;j Nfhapiy mfw;wr;nrhy;yp vdf;F epiwa neUf;Fthuq;fs; te;J nfhz;bUe;jd. 'vd;Dila mur mjpgu; Ntiyapid ftdpf;f Kbahky; ,tu;fSf;F gjpy; nrhy;yTk;> gjpy; vOjTk; Ntz;ba fl;lhaj;jpy; ehd; ,Uf;fpd;Nwd;. ,e;epiyapy; mNl kr;rhd; ehd; mbf;fpw khjpup 36

#a tUl« kh®fÊ - ij

mbf;fpd;Nwd;. eP mOfpw khjpup mO" vd;W nrhy;yp ntspNaWk; cj;juT xd;iw mDg;gp itj;jhu;. ehd; mtUf;F gjpy; vOJk; NghJ 'me;j fhzpapy; itutg; ngUkhd; j hd; ,Uf; f pd; w hu; . mtiu ntspNawr; nrhy;yp ePq;fs; itutUf;F mwptpj;jy; mDg;Gq;fs;" vd;W nrhy;yp gjpy; mDg;gp itj;Njd;. mjd;gpd; gjtpNaw;w vdJ kpf neUq;fpa ez;guhfpa jpU.fe;ijah fNz]; mtu;fs;; ,e;jf; Nfhapy; gpur;rpidapy; jiyaplj; njhlq;fpdhu;. murhq;f mjpguhd jpU.fe;ijah fNz]; mtu;fs; 1991 Mk; Mz;L [_iy khjj;jpy; mlhj;Jf;fhzpr; rl;lj;jpd;fo P ; ,e;jf;fhzpia fr;Nrupf;F ifaspf;FkhW vOj;J%yk; mwptpj;jhu;. ,tu; murhq;f mjpguhf tUtjw;F Kd;G ,e;jf;fhzp KOtJk; NfhapYf;Nf nrhe;jkhdJ vd;w epiyg;ghl;by; ,Ue;jhu;. ,yq;ifia Mz;l ,uhtzDf;F gj;J jiyfs; vd;wNghJ ek;gKbahj ehd; gjtpapy; ,Ug;gtu;fSf;F gjtpf;F tUtjw;F Kd;Dk; gpd;Dk; vj;jid Kfq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd vd epidj;J fk;gid Kw;WKOjhf ek;gpNdd;. ,e; j g; gpur; r pidf; F jP u ; T fhzNtz; L k; vd;W rpy $l;lq;fs; ,e;j murhq;f mjpgupdhy; elhj; j g; g l; l J. ,e; j f; N fhapy; rk; g e; j khf xU ,zf; f g; g hl; b w; F tuNtz; L k; vd; W mbf; f b $l; l q; f s; fr; N rupapy; ; elj; j g; g l; l J. ,e; j r; re;jpg;Gfspy; vy;yhk; Nfhapy; epu;thf rigapdiu rl;lj;ijAk;> xOq;ifAk; kjpf;fhj xU FOthf rpj;jupj;Jf; fhl;LtjpNyNa ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl;lJ. ,jdhy; ,e;jf;$l;lq;fSf;F NghFk;NghJ ehq;fs; rpy Kd; d haj; j q; f is nra; a Ntz; b aepiy Vw;gl;lJ. ,e;j epiyapy; jpizf;fs jiytu;fs; fye;Jnfhs;Sk; $l;lk; xd;W fr;Nrupapy; eilngWk; vdTk; mg;NghJ ,e;jf; Nfhapy; gpur;rpidf;F xU jPu;Tf;fhd xU fye;JiuahlYk; ,lk;ngWk; vdTk;> ,e;jf; fye;Jiuahly; epfo;r;rpepuypy; Kjyhtjhf Nghlg; g l; b Ue; j J. mj; J ld; ,e; j f; $l; l j; j pd; Nehf;fk; ey;y jPu;T xd;iwf; fhz;gjw;F my;y Nfhapy; epu;thfj;jpdiu vy;Nyhu; Kd;dpiyapYk; Fw; w thspfshf vz; z itf; f f; $ ba mwpTk; > Mw;wYk; mtUf;F ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;gjid ehd; mwpNtd;. ,f;$l;lj;jpy; jpizf;fsj;jiytuhf fye; J nfhz; l ehd; Muk; g j; j pNyNa murhq; f mjpgupd; kdepiyapidf; Fog; g pdhy; kl; L Nk mtUila jpl; l j; j pid epiwNtw; w Kbahky; nra;aKbAk; vd vdJs;sk; nrhy;ypaJ. MfNt $l;lk; njhlq;fpaTld; ,e; j f; N fhapy; gy;ytu; fhyj;jpypUe;J ,e;j ,lj;jpy; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. gy;;ytu; fhyk; Kbe;J Nru> Nrho> ghz;ba kd;du;fs; fhyk; Kbe;J> ,yq;if muru;fs; fhyk; Kbe;J> Nghu;j;Jf;Nfau;> xy;yhe;ju;> Mq;fpNyau; fhyk; Kbe;J ,yq;if Rje;jpuk; ngw;wgpd;Gk; ,e;jf;Nfhapy; ,aq;fpf;nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. MfNt ,e;jf;Nfhapy; rk;ge;jkhfNth> fhzp rk;ge;jkhfNth fijg;gjw;F jw;Nghija murhq;f mjpgUf;F vt;tpj mjpfhuKk; ïªJ xË

fpilahJ vd;w ge;ij tPrp vwpe;Njd;. Nrhjid vOjptpl; N ld; vd; d ngWNgW fpilf; F k; vd fhj;jpUf;Fk; khztd; Nghy xU gjl;l epiyapy; ehdpUe;Njd;. vwpe;j ge;jpdhy; tpf;fl; gwf;FNkh my;yJ ngsd;wp rpf;ru; mbg;ghNuh vd;w vz;zNk kdijf; Fog;gpf;nfhz;bUe;jJ. mg;NghJ murhq;f mjpgu; kpfTk; Fok;gpg;Ngha; ehf;Fow 'cq;fSf;F rrrrr rupj;jpuk; njupahtpby; ,g;Ngu;gl;l $l;lj;jpy; tha;jpwe;J fijf;ff;$lhJ" vd;W Kfk; rpte;j epiyapy; if> fhy; eLq;f gjpyspj;jhu;. ehd; Nghl;l ge;jpy; mtu; f;spd; Nghy;l; Mfptpl;lhu; vd vdJ kdk; nrhy;y ehd; mtiu ghu;j;J kpf md;ghfr; rpupj;Njd;. mg;nghOJ mtu; rupj;jpuk; njupahnjd;gJ xU rpupf; f Ntz; b a tplakh vd; W Nfl; l hu; . mg;NghJ ehd; 'kUj;Jtg; gl;lg;gbg;ig Nguhjidg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpYk; mjd; gpd;du; gl;lg;gpd; gbg;ig nfhOk;G gy;fiyf;fofj;jpYk; fw;w xU kUj;Jt gl;ljhupf;F rupj;jpuk; njupa Ntz;Lk; vd;W ePq;fs; epidj;j mwpahikia epidj;Jj;jhd; rpupj;Njd;" vd;W nrhd;dNghJ mtu; Mbg;Nghdhu;. mjd;gpd; $l;lj;jpy; Nfhapy; gpur;rpid rk;ge;jkhf fijg;gij tpl;Ltpl;L epfo;r;rp epuypy; ,uz;lhtJ tplaj;jpw;F nrd;Wtpl;lhu;. MdhYk; gy;ytu; fhyj;jpypUe;J ,e;jf; Nfhapy; ,Ue;jJ vd;W nrhd;d ngupa ngha; vdJ kdij cWj;jpf;nfhz;bUe;jJ. MfNt ,e;jf; Nfhapiyf;fl;Lk;NghJ Mjpitutiu mirf;fhky; mNj ,lj;jp;y; itj;J gy;ytu; fhyj;J rpw;g Kiwg;gb tbtikf;fg;gl;lJ. irt rkaj;jtu;fsJ jd;khdj;jpd; rpd;dkhfj; jiy epkpu;eJ ; epw;Fk; ,e;j Myaj;jpd; mj;jpthuj;jpd; cs;Ns ntWk; fy;Yk; kzYk; nfhz;l rPnke;J fyit kl;Lky;y@ jd;dk;gpf;ifAk;> tplhKaw;rpAk;> fbd ciog; G k; > tpau; i tAk; vjpu; n fhz; l neUf;fbfSk;> mtw;wpdhy;gl;l mtkhdq;fSk;> mjdhy; Rke;j typfSk;> NtjidfSk; nfhiy mr;RWj;jy;fSk;> nfhiy Kaw;rpfSk;> tpOg;Gz;fSk;> Vf;fq;fSk;> Vkhw;wq;fSk;> nksdkhfr; rpe;jg;gl;l fz;zPu;j;JspfSk; $lg; Gijf;fg;gl;Ls;sd vd;w “nra;jp” thOk; jiyKiwahd ehk; mwpe;jJjhd; vd;whYk; tUq;fhyr; re;jjpAk; njupe;J nfhs;sr;nra;a Ntz;baJ vkJ jiyaha flikahFk;. ,t;thyar; nraw;ghLfis Kd;ndLg;gjpNy gyUk; gy;NtW fhyfl;lq;fspy; gy;NtW gupkhzq;fspy; gy;NtW gq;fspg;Gf;fis toq;fp te;Js;sdu; toq;fp tUfpd;wdu;. mtu;fs; vy;yhk; Nghw;wg;gl Ntz; b atu; f s; - nfsutpf; f g; g lNtz; b atu; f s; - ,t;thya tuyhw;Wg; gf;fq;fspNy ,lk;ngw Ntz;batu;fs;. ,t; t hyar; nraw; g hLfspNy Muk; g j; j pNy Kf;fpa %d;W gjtpfis ahu; ahu; nghWg;Ngw;gJ vd; g jidj; jP u ; k hdpg; g jw; F Mya Kd; w ypNy jpUTsr; r P l ; L %yk; itutg; n gUkhdJ rpj; j k; Ntz;lg;gl jiytuhf jpU. R. gpUe;jhtdehjDk;> 37

#a tUl« kh®fÊ - ij

nrayhsuhf itj;jpafyhepjp. K.fjpu;fhkehjDk;> nghUshsuhf mkuu; k.Fzuj;jpdKk; nghWg;Ngw;f Ntz;Lnkd itutg;ngUkhd; jpUtUs; ghypj;jhu;. ,tu;fSld; jpU. gtsuhrh> jpU. nr.=uq;fehjd;> jpU. F.n[fuhrh> jpU. nr.=];fhe;jh> jpU.tP.eluhrh> jpU.K.fjpuNtY MfpNahu; KyhtJ epu; t hf rigahfr; nraw;glj; njhlq;fpdhu;. xt;nthU ehSk; fhiy Ntisapy; Myaj;ijj; Jg;guT nra;J tpsf;Nfw;wp topghL nra;Ak; gzpia jpU. gtsuhrh mtu;fSk;> khiy Ntisfspy; mg;gzpia jpUkjp. kNdhd;kzp mtu;fSk; jhkhf Kd;te;J Kd;ndLj; j du; . nts; s pf; f poikfspy; tpNrl G+ir xOq;Ffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;bUe;jd. ,t;thwhf mikjpahf ,t;thyak; vDk; Foe;ij clk; G Gul; b j; jtoj; njhlq; f paJ. fhyk; vjw; f hfTk; fhj; j pUg; g jpy; i yNa. 1990fspd; gpw; g Fjp te; j J ehl; b y; Vw; g l; l mrhjhuz Ro; e piyfspdhy; kf; f s; my; y w; g l; L Mw; w hJ ,lk; n gau; e ; J Xbf; n fhz; b Ue; j du; . Gfo; G +j; j jpUf;NfjPrr ; uk; Myak; $l ahUNk mg;gpuNjrj;jpw;Fr; nrd;Wtu Kbahj epiyapy; G+irfs; vJTkpd;wpg; G+l;lg;gl;bUe;jJ. kd;dhu; efu kf;fs; ghJfhg;Gj;Njb ngUepyg;gug;gpw;Fk; kd;dhu; jPtpDs;Ns jhuhGuk;> vUf;fyk;gpl;b> GJf;FbapUg;G> fupry;> Ngrhiy Nghd;w gFjpfis Nehf;fp efu;e;J nfhz;bUe;jdu;. mjdhy; kd;dhu; efupYs;s Myaq;fs; vy;yhk; %lg;gl;bUe;jJ. kd;dhu; efug;gFjpapy; ,lk;ngauhJ> ,lk; n gaukdkpd; w p mr; r j; J lDk; > gP j pAlDk; kdk; Ngjypj;Jj; jq;fp epd;w irtkf;fSf;F – ahnuhL NehNfhk;? ahu;f;nfLj;Jiug;Nghk;? vd Vq;fp epd;w kf;fSf;F – kd MWjYk;> mikjpAk; Mw;Wg;gLj;jYk; NjitahapUe;j me;j Neuj;jpNy mgak; nfhLj;J ek;gpf;ifAk; kdj;ijupaj;ijAk; mspj;j xNunahU Myakhf ,t;thyak; kl;LNk tpsq;fpaJ. kd;dhu; efug; gFjpapNy gy;NtW rk; g tq; f s; ,lk; n gw; w NghjpYk; @ ,t; t hyag; gpuNjrj;jpNy vJtpj mrk;ghtpjKk; ,lk;ngwhjjhy; “,t;thyak; kl;LNk jkf;Fs;s xNu xU ghJfhg;G" vd; w czu; t pidAk; > ek; g pf; i fiaAk; mJ Vw;gLj;jpaJ. fhty; nja;tkhk; itutu;; jk;ikg; ghJfhg;ghu; vd kf;fs; ek;gpdu;. kpfTk; FWfpa fhyj;jpNy kd;dhu; irtkf;fspd; ngUek;gpf;iff;Fupa Myakhf tsu;r;rpaile;jikf;F ,e;j kfpikjhd; Kf;fpa fhuzpahf mike;jJ. ,lk; n gau; e ; j kf; f s; nky; y nky; y jkJ ,Ug; g plq; f Sf; F j; jpUk; g paNghJ ifnaLj; J f; Fk;gpLtjw;F> jkJ kdf;Fiwia ,ue;J Kiwapl;L Ntz; L jy; nra; t jw; F > gpuhu; j ; j idfs; %yk; MWjiyAk; NjWjiyAk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F ,e;j Myak;jhd; ifnfhLj;J cjtpaJ. ,e;j Myaj;jpNy te;J kf;fs; itj;j Neu;j;jpfSk;> ïªJ xË

Ntz;Ljy;fSk; mit tpiuthfNt if$bajdhy; Vw;gl;l ek;gpf;ifAk; <LghLk; mjid kw;wtu;fSld; gfpu;e;J nfhz;ljdhy; ,t;thyaj;jpd; fPu;j;jp kPJ gyUf;F Vw;gl;l <u;gG ; k; ehSf;F ehs; ,t;thyaj;jpw;F tUk; mbahu;fs; njhifia mjpfupf;f itj;jJ. ,e;jf; fhyf;fl;lj;jpy; fl;blj;jpizf;fsj;jpy; nghwpapayhsuhf flikahw;wpa jpU.tp.gp. khzpf;fthrfu; jd;Dila Ie;J tajpy; ,we;j r u z;a h vd;w ng z;g ps;i sa pd; Qhg fkhf fhz;lhkzpnahd;iw md;gspg;Gr; nra;jpUe;jhu;. ,J ,Ujz;lthsq;fshy; ,izf;fg;gl;L G+ir Neuq; f spy; mw; G jkhd ,dpa Xiria me;jg;gpuhe;jpak; KOtJk;; nfhLj;Jf;nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,e; j r; nra; j pia mwpe; j Jk; murhq; f mjpgu; mg;NghJ nghyp]; mj;jpal;rfuhf ,Ue;j ngsj;j rpq; f stuhd ,ul; z ehaf; f h vd; g tuplk; ,e; j kzpia cldbahff; fol;Lk;gb fl;lisg;gpwg;gpj;J fbjk; mDg;gpdhu;. mjw;F nghyp]; mj;jpal;rfu; ',e; j kzp xU Nej; j pf; f lDf; f hf jd; d hy; Nghlg; g l; l njd; W k; > ,iwtDf; F mu; g ; g zkhd xU nghUis fol;Ltnjd;gJ gQ;rkhghjfkhd nranyd;Wk;> MfNt jd;dhy; mjid vf;fhuzk; nfhz;Lk; fol;l KbahJ vd;Wk;> KbAkhdhy; murhq;f mjpgiu me;j kzpapidf; fol;bf;nfhz;L nry; Y khWk; > mg; g b xU Kaw; r p nra; a g; g Lk; NghJ nghyprhu; ghu;j;J> iffl;bf;nfhz;L Rk;kh ,Uf; f khl; l hu; f s; vd; g jidAk; jq; f Sf; F Qhgfg; g Lj; J fpd; N wd; " vd; W fbjk; xd; i w mDg;gp itj;jhu;. ,e;jf;fbjk; fpilj;jJk; ,e;j kzpia fol;Lk;gb ,uhZtf; fl;lisj;jsgjpf;F Ntz; L Nfhs; tpLj; j hu; . nghyprhUld; fijj; j ,uhZtj;jsgjp Nghl;lJ Nghl;lgbNa ,Uf;fl;Lk;. ,e;jg; gpur;rpidf;F xU ey;y jPu;T fpilf;Fk; tiu Nkw;nfhz;L ve;jNtiyAk; nra;a Ntz;lhk; vd;W Nfhapy; epu;thfj;ijf; Nfl;Lf;nfhz;lhu;. nta;apy;> kio Nghd;w ,aw;ifj; jhf;fq;fspd; ,ilA+Wfspd;wp mbatu;fs; mikjpahf topghL nra; t jw; F mj; j pahtrpakhd rpy mbg; g ilf; fl;Lkhdq;fspd; Njit vOe;jJ. mtw;wpidg; G+u;jj ; p nra;a Kw;gl;lNghJjhd; gpwkjj;jtu; $l vk;kjj;jpd; kPJ vt;tsT mf;fiw nfhz;Ls;sdu; vd;gjidg; Gupe;J nfhs;s Kbe;jJ. “ve;jnthU ey;y gzpAk; %d;W epiyfisf; fle;jhf Ntz;Lk; - Vsdk;> vjpu;g;G> ,Wjpapy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLjy;. jdJ fhyj;ij tpl;L Kw;Nghf;fhfr; rpe;jpf;Fk; xt;nthU kdpjDk; jtwhfNt Gupe;J nfhs;sg;gLthd;. vdNt vjpu;g;Gk;> mlf;F KiwAk; tuNtw;fj;jf;fitNa. Mdhy; ehk;; cWjpahfTk;> J}a;ikahfTk; flTsplk; mirf;f Kbahj mstw;w ek;gpf;ifAld; ,Ue;jhy;> ,e;j ,ilA+Wfs; vy;yhk; kiwe;J tpLk; vd;W Rthkp tpNtfhde;ju; $wpapUf;fpd;whu;. mtUila thu;j;ijf;F mu;j;jk; nfhLg;gJ Nghy “,J Nfhtpy; 38

#a tUl« kh®fÊ - ij

nraw;ghLfisj; njupe;J nfhz;L “khiy Neuj; NjdPUld;” cau;kl;lj;jpNy “Nghl;Lf;nfhLg;gNj” ,tu;fsJ ehshe;jg; nghOJNghf;fhf MfpaJ. MdhYk; “cs;spUe;J nfhy;Yk; ,t;tpahjpfs;” ,dq;fhzg;gl;L vkJ cz;ikahd jpl;lq;fis kiwj;J Nghypahd jpl;lq;fis ehk; ntspg;gLj;j mtw;wpid mg;gbNa fhtpr;nrd;W Nghl;Lf;nfhLj;J mtu;fsplk; %f;Filgl;lJ Rthu];akhd rk;gtq;fshFk;. ,t;thwhf gy;NtW gpur;rpidfis vjpu;nfhz;L Myak; gbg;gbahf tsu;e;J te;jJ. Myaj;jpw;F tUk; mbahu;fs; njhif mjpfupf;f mjpfupf;f Myar; #oypy; ,lg;gw;whf;Fiw Vw;gl;lJ. ,jdhy; kf; f spdJ NguhjuTld; rpukjhd KiwapNy mUfpypUe;j ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; xU gFjp kz;Nghl;L eputg; g l; l J. Vw; f dNt ,t; t hyaj; j py; kf; f s; fhl;Lk; <LghL fz;fis cWj;jpf; nfhz;bUf;f njhlu; e ; J fl; L khdq; f s; tpUj; j pailtjidg; nghWf; f Kbahj epiyapNy ,t; t hyaj; j pw; F vjpuhd nraw;ghLfs; irt r%fj;jpw;F vjpuhd nraw;ghLfshf cUg;ngw;wd. ,e;j Myaj;jpy; kz; N ghl; L epug; G k; nraw; g hLfis epWj; J k; g b cj;juT gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. ngupatu;fspd; ngupa gjtpfis kjpf;Fk; ehq;fs; kz; Nghl;L Fsj;ij epug; G k; Ntiyia cldbahf epWj; j pNdhk; .

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mikg;gjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd ,lkpy;iy” vdTk;> “fopTfSk; Fg;igfSk; nfhl;Lfpd;w ,lj;jpNy Nfhtpyh?” vdTk;> “itutu; Myaj;ij RliyapNy my;yth mikf;f Ntz;Lk;”; vdTk;> Vsdq;fs; vOe; j d. ,uz; l htjhf Rthkp tpNtfhde; j u; $wpajw;F ,zq;f vjpu;g;Gf;fs; vOk;gpd. “mur fhzpapNy Nfhtpyh?” vdTk;> “kjj;jpd; ngauhy; mlhj;jhff; fhzp gpbf;fyhkh?” vdTk;> vj;jid vj;jid Xeha;fs; fz;zuP t ; pl;Lf; fjwp mOjd - ,e;j Myak; vd;w ML milkioapy; eidfpd;wNj vd;W midj;jpw;Fk; rpfuk; itj;jhw;Nghy; fw;gidapy; xU fyhrhu kz;lgj;ijf; fz;L gpbj;J “fyhrhu kz;lgj;jpw;F xJf;fg;gl;l fhzpia mlhj;;jhfg; gpbj;Jf; Nfhtpy; fl;Lfpwhu;fNs ,J mLf;Fkh?” vd mq;fyha;j;jdu;. Fwpg;gpl;l fhzp NtW ve;jnthU nghJj; Njitf;Fnkdf; Fwpj;njhJf;fg;gltpy;iy vd; g jid Mjhuq; f Sld; ep&gpj; j NghJ> rka rkurr; rpe; j idNahL mf; f hzpapNy “ru; t kj rpd;dk;” xd;wpid mikf;fyhNk vd;w MNyhrid Kd;itj;jdu;. mJ ey;y tplak;jhd;. Mdhy; mjw; F g; nghUj; j khd ,lk; kd; d hu; efupd; EiothapyhfTs;s (gioa) g]; epiyak;jhd;. mjid mz; b mikf; f yhnkdr; nrhd; d NghJ gjpy; tutpy;iy. Mdhy; rpy fhyj;jpd;gpd; mNj ,lj;jpy; mtu;fspdJ nrh&gk; xd;W es;sputpy; mikf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e; j rkj; J tk; > rkurk; Nghd; w dnty; y hk; vz;zpf;ifapy; mjpfkhfTs;s jug;gpduplkpUe;J ntspg; g lNtz; L k; . vz; z pf; i fapy; Fiwe; j jug;gpduplk; ek;gpf;ifA+l;b ey;nyz;zj;ij tsu;ff ; Ntz;Lk;. mjid tpLj;J vz;zpf;if mjpfkhd jug;gpdu; rkurk; NgRfpd;whu;fs; vd;why; mjw;F VNjh cs;Nehf;fk; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;Wjhd; mu;j;jk;. ,tu; f istpl ,d; D nkhU rhuhu; ,d; D nkhU gzpia Nkw;nfhz;lhu;fs;. “fhl;bf; nfhLg;gtu;fs; ,y; i ynad; w hy; fijapy; RthurpakpUf; f hJ” vd;gJ Nghy fhl;bf;nfhLf;Fk; gzpia ,tu;fs; fdfr; r pjkhf Kd; n dLj; j du; . vkJ tuyhW fhyj;Jf;Ff; fhyk; ,j;jifa fhf;if td;dpau;fisr; re;jpj;J te;Js;sJ. mjdhy; “fhf;if td;dpad;” vd;w nrhy; vkJ nkhopapNy jtpu;f;f Kbahj tfpghfj;ijf; nfhz;L ,d;Wtiu gad;ghl;by; ,Ue;J tUfpd;wJ. ,jw;F Nkyhf 1990 fspNy Gjpjhf “Nghl; L f; n fhLj; j y; ” vd; w Gjpa fiyr; n rhy; gpwe;J gad;ghl;bw;F te;jJ. “ms;sp itj;jy;” vd;w nrhy;ypd; etPdtbtkhf ,J ghu;f;fg;gl;lJ. ,e; j Mya tplaj; j pYk; $l ek; k tu; rpyu; ,e; j g; “Nghl; L f; n fhLf; F k; ” Ntiyia kpFe; j nghWg;Gzu;r;rpNahL nra;J te;jdu;. Myaj;jpNy mf;fiw nfhz;ltu;fs; Nghyj; jk;ikf; fhl;bf;nfhz;L> vk; N khL neUq; f p cwthb vk; j pl; l q; f is> ïªJ xË

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Kw;gl;ldu;. jpUePW> nghl;L mzpe;J tuKbahJ Nfw; w py; itj; J mopj; J tpl; L j; j hd; cs; N s tuNtz;Lk; vd;w eilKiwfisg; gbg;gbahf ,Wf;fkhff; filgpbf;fj; njhlq;fpdu;. ,NjNghd;W irtrka tpohf;fisf; nfhz;lhLtjpYk; ,ilA++Wfs; vOe;jd. ,tw;wpidr; rupnra;tjw;F vLj;j Kaw;rpfs; ntw;wpaspf;fhj epiyapNy> “Vd; vkJ irtg; g hlrhiyia mg; g hlrhiyfSf; F ,izahf tsu;j;njLf;f KbahJ” vd;w rpe;jid gyupilNa vOe;jJ. tpisT rpj;jptpehafu; ,e;Jf; fy;Y}upia fl;bnaOg;Gk; gzpapy; ,t;thyaj;jpd; nraw;ghLfspy; jPtpukhfr; nraw;gl;L te;jtu;fNs Kd;dpd;W cioj;jdu;. gps;isfspd; fy;tp tplak; vd;W te;jNghJ vkJ irtrkag; nghw;Nwhu;fs; gyu; ,j;jpl;lj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;sj; jaq;fpdu;. ,J gps;isfspd; fy;tpapy; xU “jw;nfhiy” Kaw;rpahfptpLNkh vd;w mr;rk; mtu;fSf;fpUe;jJ. ,e;j epiyapy; ehNd Kd;Djhuzkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w epidg;gpy; kfd; gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j ghlrhiyapypUe;J vLj;J rpj;jptpehafu; ghlrhiyapy; Nru; j ; N jd; . nlhf; l u; jd; D ila gps;isnahd;wpd; tho;it ehrkhf;fpg; Nghl;lhu; vd; W gopr; n rhy; nrhd; d tu; j hd; gyu; . ,e; j g; gopr; n rhy; i yAk; Vw; W f; n fhz; L ,t; t r; r j; i jg; Nghf;Fk; Kaw;rpapy; Mya eyd; tpUk;gpfs; jPtpukhf cioj;jdu;. Kjw;fl;lkhf rpj;jptpehafu; ,e;Jf; fy;Y}upf;F khztu; njhifia mjpfupg;gjw;fhd fhuzq;fis ntspg;gLj;jp ngw;Nwhiu ,zq;f itf;Fk; gpur;rhu Nkilahf ,t;thyak; gad;gl;lJ. nts;spf;fpoikNjhWk; khiyg; G+ir NtisapNy g[id Kbe;J G+ir Muk;gkhtjw;F Kd;djhf ,t;thyak; njhlu;ghd tpguq;fs;> Mya mgptpUj;jpfF ; NjitahfTs;s cjtpfs;> Myaj;jpy; ,lk;ngwTs;s tpNrl G+irfs;> FUG+irfs;> tpohf;fs;> cgaq;fs; njhlu;ghd tpguq;fis Fwpg;ghf md;iwa G+irapd; cgafhuu; ahu;? mLj;j nts;sp cgafhuu; ahu;? vd;gJ Nghd;w tpguq;fisnay;yhk; mwptpj;jy;fshf mbahu; f Sf; F j; njuptpf; F k; tof; f k; ,Ue; J te; j J. ,e; j toikahd mwptpj; j y; f Sld; Nkyjpfkhf “khe; i japNy xU Njd; nghe; J kiwe; J fplf; f pwNj” vd; w MWKfehtyupd; ghzpapy; vkJ ,e;Jf; fy;Y}up gpd;jq;fpa epiyapy; fhzg;gLfpd;wNj ,jidf; fl;banaOg;g Ntz;baJ irt rkaj;jtu;fshfpa ekJ flik my;yth? khzt tsj; i j Nkk; g Lj; j pdhy; j hd; Vida tsq;fisg; ngwKbAk;. vdNt ek;gpf;if itj;J tP l ; L f; F xU gps; i sahtJ ,g; g hlrhiyapNy NrUq;fs; vd;w rhug;gl ,t;thyaj;jpNy gpur;rhuk; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;lJ. gpujp nts;spNjhWk; jtwhJ ,J eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. Kfj;ijr; Ropj;jtu;fSk;> Kfj;ij Kwpf;f Kbahky; miuFiw kdJld; gps;isfis ,izj;jtu;fSk; vd ,J gadspf;fj; njhlq; f paJ. ,jw; F Nkyjpfkhf jpdKk; ïªJ xË

khiyNtisapy; ,t; t hya eyd; tpUk; g pfs; kd;dhupYs;s irtrkaj;jtu;fspdJ tPLfSf;Fr; nrd;Wk; ,g;gpurhuj;ij Kd;ndLj;jdu;. ,t;thwhf tPL tPlhf khzt tsk; Nfl;L ,ue;J nfhz;bUe;j xU ghlrhiy ,d;W mDkjp Kbe;Jtpl;lJ> NtW ghlrhiyiag; ghUq;fNsd; vd;W nrhy;YksTf;F tsu;e;jpUf;fpwJ vd;W nrhd;dhy; mjw;F ,e;j MyaKk; xU Kf;fpa fhuzpahf ,Ue;jpUf;fpwJ vd; w nra; j p ,t; t hya tuyhw; w py; kl; L ky; y ,e;Jf; fy;Y}upapd; tuyhw;Wg; gf;fq;fspYk; ,lk; ngwNtz;ba xd;whFk;. mNj Neuj;jpy; ,t;thyar; nraw;ghLfspdhy; ,e;Jf; fy;Y}upr; r%fj;jpd; gq;fspg;G kpfTk; fhj; j pukhdJ. g[id Kjw; n fhz; L ,t; t hya epfo;TfSf;fhd Vw;ghLfs; Nghd;wtw;wpy; ,f;fy;Y}up khztu;fs;> Mrpupau;fs; jhkhfNt Kd;te;J jkJ <Lghl;bid ntspg;gLj;jpdu;. Mf ,t;thyaj;jpdhy; ,e;Jf; fy;Y}upAk;> ,e;Jf; fy;Y}upapdhy; ,t;thyaKk; kpfTk; gadile;jd vd;gNj cz;ikahFk;. ahuhz;lhy; vd;d? ehk; tho;e;jhy; NghJk; vdTk; > NfhtpYf; F g; NghNdhkh Fk; g pl; N lhkh te;Njhkh vd jkJ vz;zq;fisr; RUf;fp> ,d;Dk; tpupthfr; nrhd;dhy; irt r%fk; rhu;e;J rpe;jpf;f itj;j ngUik> mjw;Fg; gps;isahu; RopNghl;l ngUik ,t; t hyaj; j pw; N fAupaJ. nghJthf Vida kjj; j iytu; f Sf; F ,Ug; g J Nghd; w r%ff;fl;likg;Gld; $ba epWtdkag;gLj;jg;gl;l jiyikj;Jtk; vkJ rkaj;jpNy ,y;yhjJk; “ahJk; CNu ahtUk; Nfspu;”> “vk;kjKk; rk;kjNk” vd;gJ Nghd;w kjf;fl;Lg;ghlw;w tp;zz ; pYk; tpupe;j Nehf;fk; nfhz;ljhf ,Ug;gJNk vkJ kpfg;ngupa gykhfTk;> kpf Nkhrkhd gytPdkhfTk; ,Ue;J tUfpd;wJ. ,e; j g; g yk; je; j mjP j jd; d k; g pf; i fiaAk; gytPdk; je;j Vida kjq;fs; CLUtp kf;fspd; tWikiaAk; > mwpahikiaAk; gad; g Lj; j p kjk;khw;wk; nra;af;$ba “milah neLq;fjthfj;” jpwe;jpUe;j ghijAk; jhd; vkJ irt r%fj;ij njhlu; e ; J ghjpj; J tUfpd; w J vd; w frg; g hd cz;ikia tpUk;gpNah tpUk;ghkNyh midtUk; Vw;Wj;jhd; MfNtz;Lk;. ,e; j epiyik kd; d hu; khtl; l j; j pNy kpf Nkhrkhf epytpa xU fhyfl; l j; j pNy mjw; F md; i wa Nghu; f ; f hyr; #o; e piyAk; > njhlu; e ; J nfhz; b Ue; j ,lk; n gau; T fSk; Jiz epd; w Neuj;jpNy ,e;j neUf;fbfspypUe;J vkJ r%fj;ij vg;gbahtJ fhg;ghw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;w Mokhd mthtpdhy; VjhtJ nra; a Ntz; L k; vd; w rpe;jidia vk;ktupilNa J}z;bajpy; ,t;thyak; kpfKf;fpa gq;fpid tfpj;jJ. ,t;thyaj;jpw;F vjpuhf kw;wtu;fshy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;l vjpu;g;G eltbf;iffs;> mj;jifa rpe;jid nray;tbtk; ngWtjw;fhd ce;J rf;jpahf tpsq;fpaJ. (njhlh;r;rp mLj;j Rlhpy;........)

40

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K‹dhŸ fšÉ ïuh#h§f mik¢rU«, K‹dhŸ ehlhSk‹w cW¥ãdUkhd âUkâ ïuhrkndhfÇ ònyªâu‹ flªj khj« fhykhdh®. ït® m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w¤Jl‹ beU§»a bjhl®ig¡ bfh©oUªjt®. bfhG«ò ïªJ ɤâah ÉU¤â¢ r§f«, bfhG«ò ïªJ kfË® k‹w«, cyf irt¥ nguit (ïy§if¡ »is) M»at‰Wl‹ ïizªJ m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w« V‰ghL brŒâUªj mŠrÈ¡ T£l«, flªj khj« (#dtÇ) 29M« âfâa‹W khiy g«gy¥ã£o ruÞtâ k©lg¤âš ïl«bg‰wJ.

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jp

Ukjp ,uhrkNdhfup GNye;jpud; mtHfspd; kiwT ,e;Jf; FLk;gj;jpd; Ngupog;G. 1990Mk; Mz;L Kjy; XH md;Gr; rNfhjupahfg; gofpatUf;F – mJTk; vd;dpYk; ,isatH xUtUf;F mQ;ryp vOj Ntz;ba flik Ntjidkpf;fjhf vd; cs;sj;ij thl;l> ,jid vOJfpd;Nwd;. gk;gyg;gpl;bapy; mike;j ,e;Jf; fy;Y}up (nfhOk;G) mwpthyaj;Jld; XU ngw;NwhH vd;w Kiwapy; 1985Mk; Mz;L Kjy; ghlrhiy mgptpUj;jpr; rq;fk;> ghlrhiy mgptpUj;jpr; rig> ghlrhiy mgptpUj;jp epjpak; %yk; kl;Lky;y mf;fy;Y}upiaAk;> ,uj;kyhidapy; mike;j nfhOk;G ,e;Jf; fy;Y}upia epWtpa ,e;J tpj;jpah tpUj;jpr; rq;fj;jpd; nrayhsH vd;w nghWg;igAk; Vw;w fhuzj;jpdhy; ,U fy;Y}upfSlDk; NrHe;J ,e;J khzt r%fk;> Mrpupa r%fk; vy;yhk; ,ize;j XH ,e;Jf; FLk;g mq;fj;jtdhf Ntz;baJ vd; tpjpahf ,Ue;jJ. 1951Mk; Mz;L gps;isahH ghlrhiyahf Muk;g khfpg; ngUk; fy;Y}upahf tsHe;Jtpl;l gk;gyg;gpl;b nfhOk;G ,e;Jf; fy;Y}upia ehw;gJ Mz;L G+Hj;jpahFk; NghJ Njrpaf; fy;Y}upahf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ vkJ ,e;Jf; FLk;gj;jpd; fdthf ,Ue;jJ. 1988Mk; Mz;L Kjy; ,e;jf; Nfhupf;ifia fy;Y}up epWtpduhd ,e;J tpj;jpah tpUj;jpr; rq;fk;> mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk;> Nky; khfhzj; jkpo; ghlrhiyfspd; mgptpUj;jpr; rq;fq;fspd; rk;Nksdk; Kjypad typAWj;jp te;jJld; md;W ehlhSkd;wj;jpy; nfhOk;igg; gpujp epjpj;Jtg;gLj;jpa jkpo; ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdH jpU. vk;. v];. nry;yr;rhkpAk; MjuT je;jhH. vdpDk; ,Wjpahf me;jf; fdit edthf;fpa ngUikf;FupatH vkJ kjpg;gpw;Fupa rNfhjup jpUkjp ,uhrkNdhfup GNye;jpud;. ghlrhiy mgptpUj;jpr; rq;fj; J}Jf; ïªJ xË

FOTld; fy;tp ,uh[hq;f mikr;ruhd mtiug; gyKiw fz;L vq;fs; Ntz;L Nfhis epiwNtw;wpNdhk;. mJkl;L ky;yhky; ngw;NwhHfSk; eyd; tpUk;gpfSk; tsHj;Jtpl;l fy;Y}upapd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpy; murgq;F NghjhJ> mJTk; Njit vd;gjidAk; mtupd; ftdj;jpw;Ff; nfhz;Lte;Njhk;. md;W fy;tp mikr;ruhf ,Ue;j ngUk;ghd;ik ,dj;jtH vkJ fy;Y} upia ntWk; jkpo; fy;Y}upahff; fOFf; fz; ghHitAld; xJf;fp itj;j Ntisapy; ,uh[hq;f mikr;ruhf ,Ue;j vkJ rNfhjup mepahaj;ijf; fz;L NghuhspahfNt nfhjpj;J vOe;jhH. ehw;gjhtJ Mz;L epiwT tpohtpw;F md;iwa [dhjpgjp uzrpq;f gpNukjhrh tuNtz;Lk; vdf; fy;Y}upr; r%fk; miog;G tpLj;j NghJ “ghJfhg;G?” vdf; fy;tpaikr;rH xU Nfs;tpf;Fwp Nghl;lhH. vkJ rNfhjup NeNu [dhjpgjpAld; Nghuhb vkJ fy;Y}upiaj; Njrpag; ghlrhiyahfg; gpufldg;gLj;j eltbf;if vLj;jJ kl;Lky;yhky; 11-9-1991 md;W [dhjpgjpNa ehw;gjhk; Mz;L epiwT tpohtpw;F te;J me;jg; gpufldj;ijr; nra;aTk; xOq;F nra;jhH. me;j tpohtpy; fy;Y}upr; r%fj;jpd; rhHgpy; ciuahw;Wk; nghWg;G vdf;Ff; fpilj;jJ. [dhjpgjpiag; ghHj;J ehq;fs; xU FLk;gkhf ,f;fy;Y}upia tsHf;Fk; tuyhw;iwf; Fwpg;gpl;lJld; fy;tp ,uh[hq;f mikr;rH jd; ,U Gj;jpupfSf;F kl;Lky;y ,f;fy;Y}upapd; khztHfisAk; mtH jd; Gj;jpuHfshf Vw;W mtHfspd; md;idahfTk; tpsq;FfpwhH vdTk; Fwpg;gpl;bUe;Njd;. fy;Y}upr; r%fj;jpd; rhHgpy; [dhjpgjpaplk; xU Ntz;LNfhisAk; tpLj;Njd;. “vkJ fy;Y} upf;F %d;W khbf; fl;blk; xd;W Gjpjhf Ntz;Lk;” vd;gNj me;j Ntz;LNfhs;. [dhjpgjp jd; ciuapy; “cq;fs; md;idNa cupa eltbf;if vLg;ghH” vd;whH. kWehNs [dhjpgjpiar; re;jpj;J me;j 41

#a tUl« kh®fÊ - ij

md;W mjpfhiyapy; [dhjpgjp Gwg;gl;lTld; mj;jpl;lj;jpw;fhd tpje;Jiug;igr; nra;jtH jpU. fNzrypq;fk;. jpUkjp GNye;jpuDk; cw;rhfg; gLj;jp MjuT je;jik kwf;f KbahJ. 1988 khHr; khjj;jpy; mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk; ,ytr khztH tpLjpia epWtp ,uj;kyhid nfhOk;G ,e;Jf; fy;Y}upapy; ngw;NwhHfis ,oe;j gy khzt khztpfSf;F tho;T je;jJ. mjw;F gy topfspYk; Cf;fKk; cw;rhfKk; je;jtH rNfhjup ,uhrkNdhfup. mtiu ehq;fs; mioj;j Ntis vy;yhk; jtwhJ te;J vkJ tpLjp khztr; nry;tq;fSld; md;ghfg; gofp epd;w XH md;id vd;gjidAk; ehq;fs; kwf;f KbahJ. If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rpapd; ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpduhf me;j murhq;fj;jpd; ,uh[hq;f mikr;ruhf ,Ue;jhYk; jhd; “xU jkpo; kfs;” vd;gjid mtH kwf;ftpy;iy. tho;f;ifapy; $l mtH gy vjpH ePr;ry;fisg; Nghl;bUf;fpwhH. md;Gf; fztiuj; Jujph;\;ltrkhf ,oe;jtH. jd; Gj;jpupfSf;F je;ijahfNt mtHfis tsHj;njLj;j rpwg;ig ehk; mwpNthk;. “tFj;jhd; tFj;j tifay;yhy; Nfhb njhFj;jhHf;Fk; Ja;j;jy; mupJ” vd;w Fwspd; nghUis czHe;J tho;f;if vd;gJ tpjpNa vd mij Vw;W kdk; jsuhJ tho;e;jtH. mtH vt;tsT nkd;ikahd cs;sk; gilj;jtH vd;gjidAk; rpwpNad; mwpNtd;. ehd; aho; ,e;J khztdhf ,Ue;jNghJ ,tupd; je;ijahH jpU. up. v];. Jiuuhrh aho; efu Kjy;tH. ,tupd; rNfhjuH ];fe;jFkhHjhd; aho; ,e;Jf; fy;Y}up Kjd;ik khztH jiytH. Gfo;kpf;f FLk;gj;jpy; gpwe;J cld; gpwg;GfSld; xd;wp md;Gld; gofpatH. mtupd; rNfhjud; rhe;jFkhH ,we;jNghJ JbJbj;Jtpl;lhH. eLeprpapy; vd;idj; njhiyNgrpapy; mioj;J> “vdf;F vd;d nra;tJ vd;Nw njupatpy;iy ePq;fs; jhd; vy;yhtw;iwAk; nra;J ju Ntz;Lk;” vdf; fjwpdhH. ,d;Wk; mJ gRikahf vd; kdj;jpiuapy; ,Uf;fpwJ. ez;gH v];.up.fdfypq;fj;Jld; mtupd; rNfhjuH rhe;jFkhupd; ,Wjpr; rlq;fpid xOq;F nra;fpd;w re;jHg;gk; fpilj;jgbahy; rNfhjup ,uhrkNdhfupapd; rNfhju ghrj;ij vilNghLk; re;jHg;gKk; vdf;Ff; fpilj;jJ. murpaiyj; Jwe;jgpd; mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk;> nfhOk;G ,e;J kfspH kd;wk;> cyf irtg; Nguit Nghd;w epWtdq;fspy; jd; gq;ifj; je;J> mtH jd; r%fj;Jld; cupikAld; NrHe;J Nrit nra;tjpy; kfpo;r;rpfz;lhH. Ngug; gps;isfisAk; fz;l epiwthd tho;Tld; ,e;j cyftho;it epiwT nra;J nfhz;Ls;shH. mkuupd; FLk;gj;jpd; ,og;G vq;fspd; Ngupog;ghFk; vd;gjidAk; njuptpj;J mtHfspd; Jauj;jpy; ehq;fSk; gq;F nfhz;L mtHfSf;F vkJ Mo;e;j mDjhgj;ijAk; njuptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpNwhk;.

%d;W khbf; fl;blk; fl;l cj;juT ngw;W mjid epiwNtw;wpj; je;j ngUik mUikr; rNfhjup ,uhrkNdhfupf;Nf cupaJ. mJjhd; [dhjpgjp fl;blj; njhFjpahf ,d;W gk;gyg;gpl;b ,e;Jf; fy;Y}upapy; kpspHfpd;wJ. ehw;gjhk; Mz;L epiwT tpohtpw;F fy;tp mikr;rH tutpy;iy. ,uh[hq;ff; fy;tp mikr;rH jpUkjp GNye;jpuNd me;j ,lj;ijAk; epug;gp> rpwg;G tpUe;jpduhf te;jijAk; Fwpg;gplw;ghyJ. ,e;Jf; fy;Y}up khztHfspd; ghrj;jpdhy; ftug;gl;l mtH> td;dp khtl;lg; ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpduhf ,Ue;jhYk;> GNye;jpud; fl;blj;njhFjpiaAk; mikj;Jj; je;j ngUikiaAk; Fwpg;gpl Ntz;Lk;.

1990 etk;gh; 21Mk; jpfjp mj;jpthuk; ,lg;gl;L> fl;lg;gl;l ,e;j kz;lgk; 1991 [{d; 14Mk; jpfjpad;W jpwe;Jitf;fg;gl;lJ. ,t;thwhf rNfhjupapd; ehkk; ,f; fy;Y}upapd; fw;fspy; kl;Lky;y fy;Y}upf; FLk;gj;jpd; midtupd; cs;sq;fspYk; gjpe;J tpl;ld. fy;tp ,uh[hq;f mikr;rupd; JzpTk; Mw;wYk; MSikAk; vkf;Fj; je;j Jzpthy;> mtUld; njhlHe;J gzpahw;Wtjpy; kdepiwT fz;Nlhk;.

1990 Kjy; ,uj;kyhidapy; ,Uf;Fk; nfhOk;G ,e;Jf; fy;Y}upia kPzL ; k; vkJ khzt rKjhaj;jpw;Fg; ngwg; ngUk; Nghuhl;lj;ij Muk;gpj;Njhk;. ,e;J tpj;jpah tpUj;jpr; rq;fKk;> mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wKk; tpLj;j Nfhupf;iff;F jpUkjp GNye;jpud; je;j MjuT fhj;jpukhdJ. nfhOk;G khefu Kjy;tuhftpUe;j jpU. f. fNzrypq;fKk; ,e;j MjuT miyapy; ,Of;fg;gl;lhH. md;iwa ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdH jpU. vk;. v];. nry;yr;rhkpAk; MjuT je;jhH. vq;fspd; Nghuhl;lj;jpw;F fyhepjp f. NtyhAjgps;is topfhl;bahf epd;whH. 1992 khHr; 15Mk; jpfjp mjpfhiy jpU. fNzrypq;fk; vd;idg; gLf;ifapypUe;J jd; njhiyNgrp miog;G %yk; vOg;gp cldbahf ,uj;kyhid nfhOk;G ,e;Jf; fy;Y}upf;F tUkhWk; [dhjpgjp gpNukjhrhitf; $l;bf; nfhz;L fy;tp ,uh[hq;f mikr;rH jpUkjp GNye;jpud; tUtijAk; njupag;gLj;jpdhH. fyhepjp NtyhAjgps;isia vd; fhupy; Vw;wpf; nfhz;L md;W jw;fhypf mjpguhf ,Ue;j jpU. e. kd;kjuh[idAk; njhiyNgrpapy; mioj;J cldbahff; fy;Y} upf;F tUkhW nrhy;yptpl;L tpiue;J nrd;Nwhk;. fy;tp ,uh[hq;f mikr;rUlDk; mur mjpfhupfs;> ,uhZt mjpfhupfSlDk; [dhjpgjp mq;F te;J NrHe;jhH. ,f;fl;blq;fs; xU gy;fiyf;fofj;jpw;Nf nghUj;jkhdit vd [dhjpgjp ,uj;kyhid ,e;Jf; fy;Y}upapd; fl;blq;fisg; ghHj;J nkr;rpf; $wpaJk; vq;fSf;F vq;fisawpahj xU kdg;gak;. vdpDk; jpUkjp GNye;jpuDk; jpU. fNzrypq;fKk; vq;fspd; epiyikia [dhjpgjpf;F tpsq;fg;gLj;j> cldbahf vkJ fy;Y}upia vkJ khztHfSf;F toq;FkhW [dhjpgjp cj;jutpl;lhH. mLj;j Nk khjk; Kjy; fy;Y}up ,aq;f Muk;gpj;jJ. cldbahf tpehafH Myak; fl;lj; jpl;lkplg;gl;lJ. 15.03.1992 ïªJ xË

Xk; rhe;jp> rhe;jp> rhe;jp.

42

#a tUl« kh®fÊ - ij

vGâa "fâ®fhk¤ij jÇá¤j á¤j®fS« KÅt® fS«" (mfÞâa® Kjš nahf® RthÄfŸ tiu), âU. ã. nrhkghy‹ vGâa "Hinduism what it is and what it is not" M»a üšfS« btËÆ£L it¡f¥g£ld. ïªJ rka fyhrhu mYtšfŸ âiz¡fs¥ gÂ¥ghs® âUkâ rhªâ ehî¡fur‹ üšfS¡fhd btËp£Liuiaí«, »H¡F¥ gšfiy¡fHf ánuZl ÉÇîiuahs® fyhÃâ k. ghyifyhrehj r®kh üšfS¡fhd Ék®rd ciuiaí« tH§»dh®fŸ. üyháÇa®fshd âU. v‹. nf. vÞ. âU¢bršt«, âU. ã. nrhkghy‹ M»nahÇ‹ gâYiufis¤ bjhl®ªJ, ïªJ khk‹w bghJ¢ brayhs® fyhÃâ K¤ijah fâ®fhkehj‹ e‹¿íiuah‰¿dh®.

ehty® ÉHh ÃfœîfŸ bfhG«ãš

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y$ MWKfehty® rig, ïªJ ɤâah ÉU¤â¢ r§f« M»at‰¿‹ mDruizíl‹ m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w« V‰ghL brŒâUªj ehty® ÉHh flªj et«g® khj« 29M« âfâa‹W khiy bfhG«ò g«gy¥ã£o ruÞtâ k©lg¤âš eilbg‰wJ. ïªJ khk‹w¤ jiyt® âU. fªijah Úyf©l‹ jiyikÆš ïl«bg‰w ïªj ÃfœÉ‹nghJ tlkhfhz Kjyik¢r® r¤âa ɤjf® Úâaur® á.É. É¡ndÞtu‹ ãujk ÉUªâduhfî«, ïªJ rka fyhrhu mYtšfŸ âiz¡fs¥ gÂ¥ghs® âUkâ rhªâ ehî¡fur‹ áw¥ò ÉUªâduhfî« fyªJ bfh©lh®fŸ. itgt« Mu«gkhtj‰F K‹d®, $y$ MWKfehty® rigÆ‹ V‰gh£oš g«gy¥ã£o bfhG«ò ïuhkehj‹ ïªJ kfË® fšÿÇÆÈUªJ ÉHh k©lg« tiu ehty® áiy C®tykhf vL¤J tu¥g£lJ. k§fs És¡nf‰wš ïiw tÊghL v‹gdt‰iw¤ bjhl®ªJ $y$ MWKfehty® rig cg jiyt® âU. f. b#fÔr‹ tunt‰òiu Ãfœ¤âdh®. ïj‹ã‹ ïu¤kyhid bfhG«ò ïªJ¡ fšÿÇ khzÉ bršÉ rªâÇ¡fh tontš, bfhG«ò ïuhkehj‹ ïªJ kfË® fšÿÇ khzÉ bršÉ behΡfh »Utdªjuh#h M»nahÇ‹ ng¢RfS«, " ešiyef® MWKfehty® ãwªâynuš" v‹w jiy¥ãš fÉau§F« ïl«bg‰wd. r¥ufKt gšfiy¡fHf¤â‹ ánuZl ÉÇîiuahs® fyhÃâ fdfrghgâ ehnfÞtu‹ jiyikÆš ïl«bg‰w fÉau§»‹nghJ âU. e. fh©Og‹ (r£l¤juÂ), âU. r. KFªj‹ (ánuZl ÉÇîiuahs®, »H¡F gšfiy¡fHf«); it¤âafyhÃâ F. kJuf‹, fyhÃâ $. ãurhªj‹ (ánuZl ÉÇîiuahs®, #at®¤jd gšfiy¡fHf«) M»nah® fyªJbfh©L áw¥ã¤âUªjh®fŸ. ɤJth‹ trªjh it¤âaehj‹ "ehty® fh£oa tÊÆš" v‹w bghUËš áw¥òiuah‰¿dh®. ïªj itgt¤â‹nghJ ïªJ khk‹w¤â‹ M‹Ûf ïjHhd "ïªJ xËÆ‹" ehty® Ãidî¢ áw¥ãjG«, tuyh‰W MŒths® âU. v‹. nf. vÞ. âU¢bršt« ïªJ xË

ahœ efÇš

m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w«, $y$ MWKf

ehty® rigÆ‹ mDruizíl‹ V‰ghL brŒâUªj ehty® ÉHh flªj obr«g® khj« 13M« âfâa‹W fhiy ahœ¥ghz«, ešÿÇš mikªJŸs ïªJ khk‹w ahœ gÂkidÆš eilbg‰wJ. $y$ MWKfehty® rig brayhs® âU. á. âšiyeluh#h jiyikÆš ïl«bg‰w ïªj ÃfœÉ‹nghJ ahœ. gšfiy¡fHf nguháÇa® ï.

Fkhutontš ãujk ÉUªâduhf¡ fyªJ bfh©lh®. ïªj itgt¤âš ešiy MÔd Kjšt® $y$ nrhkRªju njáf Phdr«gªj gukhrhÇa RthÄfŸ mUSiu tH§»dh®. fhiy Ãfœ¢áfshf nfh¥ghŒ MáÇa fyhrhiy ãuâ mâg® âU. r. yär‹, ahœ gšfiy¡fHf XŒîÃiy nguháÇa® fyhÃâ fiyth ïuhkehj‹ M»nahÇ‹ áw¥òiufS«, it¤âafyhÃâ g. eªjFkh® xG§fik¤J tH§»a MŒtu§F« ïl«bg‰wd. "ehty® jUk¤â‹ MÂ" v‹w bghUËš khiy Ãfœ¢áfshf fÉP® nrh. g¤kehj‹ jiyikÆš fÉau§F ïl«bg‰wJ. âU. F. ghyr©Kf«, âU. ï. r®ntÞtuh, âU. ehf. átáj«gu«, âU. j. b#aÓy‹ M»nah® fÉau§»š g§Fbfh©L áw¥ã¤âUªjh®fŸ. ïjid¤ bjhl®ªJ »H¡F¥ gšfiy¡fHf KJÃiy ÉÇîiuahs® fyhÃâ k. ghyifyhrehjr®kh áw¥òiuah‰¿dh®. ïªJ khk‹w cg jiyt® Éil¡bfho¢bršt® á‹d¤Jiu jdghyh mt®fŸ e‹¿íiu tH§»dh®. ïªj ÃfœÉ‹ áw¥ò m«rkhf bršÉ. f#¥ãÇah òÉuh#á§f«, bršÉ kŠRsh òÉuh#á§f« M»nah® ïizªJ tH§»a g©Âir ÉUªJ« ïl«bg‰wJ. 43

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kl;lf;fsg;gpy; eilngw;w

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=y= MWKfehtyu; tpoh

gpdd ; h; Nfhg;gha; Mrpupa fyhrhiy gpujp mjpgh; jpU.yyPrd; mtu;fs;; jdJ rpwg;Giuapd; NghJ ehtyh; ngUkhd; tho;ej ; fhyg;gFjpiaAk; ,f;fhyg;gFjpapy; Vw;gl;l rka r%f kWkyh;r;rpiaAk; njspthf vLj;Jiuj;jpUe;jhh;. mLj;jjhf rpwg;Giu epfo;jj ; pa fpof;Fg; gy;fiyf; fof KJepiy tpupTiuahsu; jpU.R.KFe;jd; mth;fs; ehtyu; ngUkhid xU Gjpa fz;Nzhl;lj;jpd; thapyhf jkJ ciuapDhlhf Nehf;fpapUe;jhh;.

New;W ,d;W ehis vDk; %d;W fl;lq;fshf vLj;Jf;fhl;ba ehtyUila gzpfis mq;F tUif je;jpUe;j ,isNahu; Kjy; ngupNahu; tiu tpsq;fpf; nfhs;Sk; tifapy; rpwg;ghdjhf mike;jpUe;jJ. mLj;J ,isg;ghwpa Mrpupa MNyhrfu; (nfhOk;G tyak;) jpUkjp.N`kh rz;Kfru;kh mth;fspd; ehtyu; gw;wpa tho;j;Jiu mike;jpUe;jJ. NkYk; tho; j ; J iuia toq; f pa fpof; F g; gy; f iyf; f of ,e; J ehfhP f Jiw jiyth; jpUkjp. rhe;jp Nfrtd; mth;fs; ehtyUila rPhpa gzpfis jkJ ciuapd; thapyhf rpwg;ghf $wpapUe; j hu; . te; j hW%iy mk; k d; mwnewpg; ghlrhiy khztd; nry;td; ghyRg;gpukzpak; lDf;rd; mth;fs; ‘Nritahy; cau;e;j rpfuk; ey;iy efh; ehtyh; ngUkhd;’ vDk; jiyg;gpy; rpwg;ghf jkJ Ngr;ir epfo;j;jp ,Ue;jhu;. mjidaLj;J mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;w jiytupdhy; kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;l ,e;J ,isQu; Nguitj; jiytu; > nrayhsu; > nghUshsu; MfpNahUf;F nfsutk; nra;ag;gl;lJ. mjidaLj;J te;jhW%iy mk;kd; mwnewpg; ghlrhiy khzth;fs; toq;fpa fpuhkpa eldk; ,lk;ngw;wJ. gpd;dh; epiwTiuapid ,e;J khkd;w nghJr; nrayhsu; fyhepjp K.fjpu; f hkehjd; mtu;fs; Mw;wpapUe;jhu;;. ,Wjpahf ,e;epfo;T eilngWtjw;F midj;J tifapYk; cjtpGupe;jtUf;Fk; ed;wp njuptpj; j pUe; j hu; . kl; l f; f sg; G khtl; l ,e; J ,isQu; Nguit nrayhsu; v];.kjpRjd; mtu;fs; ed;wpAiu njhpf;fg;gl;lJk; Njthu ghuhazj;Jld; epfo;thdJ ,dpNj epiwT ngw;wJ.

mfpy ,yq; i f ,e; J khkd; w k; > ,e; J rka fyhrhu jpizf;fsk; Mfpatw;wpd; mDruizAld; kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;l ,e;J ,isQu; Nguitapdhy; elhj;jg;gl;l =y= MWKfehtyu; tpohthdJ [atUlk; fhu;jj ; pif khjk; 20Mk; ehs; (06.12.2014) rdpf;fpoik kl;lf;fsg;G ehtw;Flh ,e;Jf; fyhrhu kz;lgj;jpy; eilngw;wJ. kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;l ,e;J ,isQu; Nguitj; jiytu; khz;GkpF rP.NahNf];tud; jiyikapy; ,lk;ngw;w itgtk; kq;fs tpsf;Nfw;wypd; gpd;dh; irg;Gytu; jpUkjp.Qhd#upak; mtu;fspd; Njthu ghuhazj;Jld; Muk;gkhdJ. njhlh;eJ ; epfo;tpy; ey;iy MjPd Kjy;tu; =y= NrhkRe;ju Njrpf Qhdrk;ge;j gukhr;rhupa Rthkpfs; ee;jpf; nfhbia Vw;wp itj;J MrpAiuiaAk; toq;fpapUe;jhh;. ,tu; jkJ MrpAiuapd; NghJ ehtyu; ngUkhDf;F kl;lf;fsg;gpy; tpoh vLg;gJ kfpo;r;rpahf cs;sikiaAk; ehtyu; ngUkhdpd; Nritj;njhz;Lfs; gw;wpAk; jkJ MrpAiuapy; Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jhh;. ,e; epfo;tpy; jiyik tfpj;j khz;GkpF rP.NahNf];tud; jkJ ciuapy; ehtyuJ gzpfspy; Fwpg;ghf Ntshz;ik rq;fj;jpid epWtp mjd; %yk; nra;ag;gl;l Nritfs;> fQ;rpj; njhl;b ju;kk; %yk; gl;bdpg; gpzpapid Nghf;fpaik Nghd; w ehtyu; gw; w pa gy; N tW tplaq; f is Kd;itj;jpUe;jJld; kl;lf;fsg;gpy; ,e;J khkd;w fpisf; f hupahyaj; j pd; mtrpaj; i jAk; jkJ ciuapd; thapyhf Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jhh;. mjidaLj;J mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd; w j; jiytu; jpU.fe; i jah eP y fz; l d; mtu;fspd; rpwg;Giu ,lk;ngw;wpUe;jJ. ,th; jdJ rpwg;Giuapd; NghJ kl;lf;fsg;G kz;zpd; ghuk;ghpa tpOkpaq;fspd; Nkd;ikiaAk; mtw;iwg; ghJfhj;J tUk; kl;lf;fsg;G kf;fspd; nraw;ghLfisAk; ghuhl;baJld; mtw;iw NkYk; tsh;ff ; Ntz;bajd; mtrpaj;ijAk; Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jhh;. mjidaLj; J kl; l f; f sg; G khtl; l ,e; J ,isQh; Nguit mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wj; jiytu; jpU.fe;ijah ePyfz;ld; mtu;fspw;F epidTg; ghprpypid toq;fp nfsutpj;jpUe;jJ. ïªJ xË

44

#a tUl« kh®fÊ - ij

MWKfehtyu; tpohthdJ [atUlk; fhu;j;jpif khjk; 20Mk; ehs; (06.12.2014) rdpf; f poik khiyapy; eilngw;wJ. MiyabNtk;G gpuNjr ,e;J khkd;wj;jpy; ,iw topghl;Lld; Muk;gkhfp mt;tshfj;jpy; epWtg;gl;l ehtyu; rpiyapid ey;iy MjPd Kjy;th; jpiuePf;fk; nra;J topghLnra;jpUe;jhu;. ,jd; gpd;du; ee;jpf; nfhb Ve;jptu ey;iy efh; ehtyh; ngUkhdpd; rpiyAld; ey;iy MjPd Kjy;tu; =y= NrhkRe;ju Njrpf Qhdrk;ge;j gukhr; r upa Rthkpfs; mfpy ,yq; i f ,e; J khkd;w jiytu;> gpujpepjpfs;> mwnewpg;ghlrhiy Mrpupau;fs;> khztu;fs;; vy;NyhUk; ,ize;J vOr; r p Cu; t ykhf MiyabNtk; G fyhrhu kz;lgj;ij te;jile;jdu;. kq;fs tpsf;Nfw;wYld; Muk;gkhfpa itgtj;jpy; Njthu ghuhazj;ij mwnewpg;ghlrhiy Mrpupia epfo;j;jpaij njhlh;e;J epfo;tpy; ey;iy MjPd Kjy;tu; =y= NrhkRe;ju Njrpf Qhdrk;ge;j gukhr;rupa Rthkpfs; ee;jpf; nfhbia Vw;wp itj;J gpd;dh; MrpAiuiaAk; toq;fpapUe;jhh;. ,jd;NghJ ehtyu; ngUkhDf;F rpiy vLj;Jk; vOr;rp Cu;tyk; elhj;jp ehtyh; ngUkhDf;F ed; w pAld; ,lk; n gWk; ,t; t pohtpw; F mtuJ mUshrpia toq;fpapUe;jhh;. ,e;epfo;Tf;F jiyik tfpj;j MiyabNtk;G gpuNjr ,e;J khkd;w jiytu; jpU. re;jpuNrfuk; jdJ ciuapid epfo;j;jpdhu;. mLj;J tho;j;Jiuapid mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wj; jiytu; jpU. fe;ijah ePyfz;ld; mtu;fs; Mw;wpapUe;jhu;. ,jd; gpdd ; u; mwnewpg; ghlrhiy khztu;fspd; Ngr;R kw;wk; fiy epfo;Tfs; ,lk;ngw;wpUe;jd. njhlh;e;J rpwg;ghf Nritahw;wpa Mrpupah;fSf;F rhd;wpjo; toq;fp nfsutpf;fg;gl;lJ. mLj; J ,e; J khkd; w r%feyd; jpl; l g; gzp eilngw;wJ. twpa kf;fSf;F tho;thjhu cgfuzq;fis mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;w cgjiytu; tpilf;nfhbr; nry;tu; rpd;dj;Jiu jdghyh kw;Wk; mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;w nghJr; nrayhsh; fyhepjp Kj;ijah fjphf ; hkehjd; MfpNahu; ,ize;J toq;fpapUe;jdu;.

NkYk; Nfhg;gha; Mrpupa fyhrhiy gpujp mjpgh; jpU. yyPrd; mtu;fs; rpwg;Giu Mw;wpapUe;jhh;;. mLj;J ,isg;ghwpa Mrpupa MNyhrfu; (nfhOk;G tyak;) jpUkjp.N`kh rz;Kfru;kh mth;fspd; ehtyu; gw;wpa tho;j;Jiu mike;jpUe;jJ. ,Wjpahf ,e;epfo;Tf;F xj;Jioj;j MiyabNtk;G gpuNjr ,e;J khkd;w jiytu;> nrayhsu; kw;Wk; Kf;fpa cWg;gpdu;fSf;F mfpy ,yq; i f ,e; J khkd; w jiytu; nrayhsu; MfpNahu; nfsutk; nra;jdu;. ,e;epfo;tpd; epiwthf MiyabNtk;G gpuNjr gpujk nrayhsu; v];.kzptz;zd; ed;wpAiu toq;fpaijj; njhlh;e;J Njthu ghuhazj;Jld; epfo;thdJ ,dpNj epiwT ngw;wJ.

rptnjhz;lu; mzpf;fhd gapw;rpf; fUj;juq;F mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;w rptnjhz;lu; mzpapdUf; f hd gapw; r pf; fUj; j uq; F [a tUlk; fhu;j;jpif khjk; 21Mk; ehs; (07.12.2014) Qhapw;Wf;fpoik kl;lf;fsg;G ehtw;Flh ,e;Jf; fyhrhu kz;lgj;jpy; eilngw;wpUe;jJ. kq;fs tpsf;Nfw;wiyj; njhlh;eJ ; ee;jpf; nfhb Vw;wg;gl;L Njthu ghuhazj;Jld; kl;lf;fsg;G mk;ghiw khtl;lj;ijr; Nrh;e;j rptnjhz;lu;fs; ehD}Wf; F k; mjpfkhNdhu; gq; F gw; W jYld; epfo;Tfs; Muk;gkhfpapUe;jJ. ,e;epfo;Tf;F ,e;J khkd;w cgjiytuhd tpilf; nfhbr;nry;tu; rpd;dj;Jiu jdghyh mth;fspd; jiyikapy; fUj;juq;F Muk;gkhfpapUe;jJ. ,f;fUj;juq;fhdJ rw;W tpj;jpahrkhf khztu; fis FOf;fshf gpupj;J irtrka njhd;ik, rptnjhz;lu; mzpapd; jw;fhy mtrpaKk; Kf;fpaj;J tKk;, rptnjhz;lu; mzpapd; vjpuf ; hyr; nraw;ghLfs; Nghd;w gytplaq;fis ntspfn ; fhzUk; Nehf;Fld; khztu;fs; FOf;fshf gphpf;fg;gl;L nraw;ghl;by; <LgLj; j p mjid Nkilapy; njspTgLj; j p fye;Jiuahlg;gl;lJ. ,jid nfhOk;G tya ,isg;ghwpa Mrpupa MNyhrfu; jpUkjp. N`kh rz;Kfru;kh mtu;fs; rpwg;ghf topelj;jpdhu;. mt;tg;NghJ jpwikahd khztu;fs; mitNahu; kj;jpapy; ghuhl;Lk; ngw;wikAk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. rpwg;Giuia fpof;Fg; gy;fiyf; fof KJepiy tpupTiuahsu; jpU.R.KFe; j d; Mw; w papUe; j hu; . mjidj; njhlu;eJ ; fpof;Fg; gy;fiyf;fof KJepiy tpupTiuahsu; fyhepjp ghyifyhrehjru;kh mtu;fs; khztu;fSf;F ,e;Jrkak; njhlu;ghd Iaq;fisj; jPu;j;J itj;jhu;;. Fwpg;ghf Mfkk; rhu;e;j kw;Wk; rhuhj topghl; L Kiwapy; cs; s xw; W ik Ntw;WikfisAk; mit njhlu;ghf njspthd tpsf;fj;Jld; jkJ ciuapid Mw;wpapUe;jhu;;. kw;Wk; irttpjj ; fu; Nah.fN[e;jpuh, irttpjj ; fu; nt.rrpfud; MfpNahu; epfo;tpy; rpwg;Giuahw;wpdu;. epfo;tpy;> fye;J nfhz;l khzth;fSf;F mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;w rptnjhz;lh; rhy;it mzptpj; J k; > khkd; w ntspaP L fSk; toq; f p itf;fg;gl;ld. ,Wjpahf mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;w nghJr; nrayhsu; fyhepjp K.fjpu;fhkehjd; mth;fshy; ed;wpAiu toq;fg;gl;lJ. mjd;NghJ ,e;epfo;T rpwg;Gw miktjw;F kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;l ,e;Jg; Nguit> ,e;Jf; fyhrhu jpizf;fsk;, mj;Jld; rpwg;Giu Mw;wpa nghpNahh;fs; kw;Wk; khztu;fs;, Mrpupau; f s; midtUf; F k; jdJ ed; w papid njuptpj;J epfo;thdJ ,dpNj epiwTf;F te;jJ.

MiyabNtk;gpy; eilngw;w =y= MWKfehtyu; tpoh

mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk; MiyabNtk;G gpuNjr ,e;J khkd;wj;Jld; ,ize;J elhj;jpa ïªJ xË

45

#a tUl« kh®fÊ - ij

bg¥utÇ 3M« âfâ ij¥ór«

KUfDf;F cfe;j ijg;g+r ed;dhs; e

KUfdpd; Ntypid topgl;lhy; jPa rf;jpfs; ek;ik mz;lhJ. ijg; g +rj; i j Kd; d pl; L KUf gf;jh;fs; khh;fop khj Muk;gj;jpy; Jsrp khiy mzpe;J tpujj;ijj; njhlq;Ffpd;wdh;. fe;jr~;b ftrk; rz;Kf ftrk; jpUg;Gfo; Nghd;w ghly; f is md; w hlk; ghuhazk; nra;thh;fs;. ijg;g+rj;jd;W KUfd; Myak; nrd;W rpwg;G topghLfs; nra;J tpujj;ij Kbg;ghh;fs;. godpapd; %yth; mUs;kpF jz; l hAjghzp rpiyia gjpndz; rpj;jh;fspy; xUtuhd Nghfh; etgh~hzj; j hy; nra; J gpujp~; i l nra;Js;shh;. ,f;Nfhapypy; ijg;g+rk; gj;J ehl; f s; eilngWfpd; w xU Kf; f pa tpoh.

Vohk; ehs; tpohtpy; NjNuhl;lk; eilngWfpd;wJ. KUfd; jd; ,U rf;jpauhd ts;sp nja;thidAld; jpUkzf; Nfhyj;jpy; tPjpfspy; Njhpy; gtdp tUthh;. tpohtpd; epiwthf gj;jhk; ehs; njg;Nghw;rtk; eilngWfpd;wJ. ijg;g+rj;jd;W ghyjz;lhAjghzpiaf; fz; L topgl gy gFjpfspypUe; J k; gf; j h; f s; ghjahj; j piuahf godpf; F tUfpwhh; f s; . gy Ntz;Ljy;fis Kd;itj;J KUfDf;F Neh;e;J nfhz; l th; f s; rh; f ; f iuf; f htb jP h ; j ; j f; f htb gwitf;fhtb ghy;fhtb kr;rf;fhtb kapy;fhtb Kjyhdtw;iw vLj;J jkJ Neh;jj ; pf;flidg; g+h;jj ; p nra;fpd;whh;fs;. ,yq;ifapy; cs;s vy;yh KUfd; Myaq;fspYk; ijg; g +rk; KUfDf; F hpa rpwg; g hd tpohthff; nfhz; l hlg; g Lfpd; w J. mr; r kaj; j py; gf; j h; f s; ghy;Flk; vLj;Jk; fhtbfs; vLj;Jk; Neh;j;jpfis epiwNtw;Wthh;fs;. tlYhh; ts;syhh; ,uhkypq;f Rthkpfs; xU ijkhj nts;spad;W Geh;g+r el;rj;jpuj;jd;Wjhd; N[hjpahdhh;. ,jidf; Fwpf;Fk; tifapy; mth; N[hjpahd tlYhUf;F mUfpYs;s Nkl;Lf;Fg;gj;jpy; ijg;g+rj;jd;W ,yl;rf;fzf;fhNdhh; $b ts;syhh; tpohitf; nfhz;lhLfpd;whh;fs;.

- n[ah ehNfe;jpud;.

l; r j; j pu kz; l yj; j py; vl; l htJ el; r j; j puk; g+rk; . ij khjj; j py; g+r el;rj;jpuk; tUfpd;w Gz;zpa ehNs i jg ; g+r tpohthf ,e; J f;fshy; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpd;wJ. ijg;g+rk; KUfg; n gUkhDila tpNrl jpdkhff; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ. ijg; g +rk; ngUk; g hYk; epiwkjp ehshfNt mike;jpLk;. ,j;jpdj;jpy; Foe;ijfSf;F fhJ Fj;Jjy;> fy;tp njhlq;Fjy; Nghd;wtw;iwr; nra;J kfpo;thh;fs;. NkYk;> KUf gf;jh;fs; fhtb vLj; j y; > ghy; F lk; vLj; j y; > fw; g +ur; r l; b vLj; J tUjy; Nghd; w Neh;j;jpf; fld;fis epiwNtw;Wthh;fs;. ,e;j ed;dhspy; mWgil tPLfs; cs;spl;l KUfd; Myaq;fspYk;> rptd; Nfhapy;fspYk; jpUtpohf;fs; eilngWk;.

Njth;fSf;Fk; mRuh;fSf;Fk; ,ilNa Vw;gl;l Nghhpy; Njth;fshy; mRuh;fis mopf;f Kbatpy;iy MfNt gytpjkhd ,d;dy;fisj; njhlh;eJ ; mspj;J te;j mRuh;fis mopf;f Ntz;b fUizf; flTshd rptngUkhdplk; Njth;fs; ahtUk; Kiwapl;ldh;.

Njth; f spd; KiwaP l ; i l Vw; W f; n fhz; L Njth;fSf;Fj; jiyik jhq;fpr; nry;yf;$ba Mw;wy; tha;e;j rf;jpkpf;f xU jiytid cUthf;fj; jpUTsk; nfhz; l hh; vk; n gUkhd; . ,q; q dkha; jdJ jdpg;gl;l rf;jpahy; cUthf;fpa mtjhuNk fe;jg;ngUkhd;. rptdpd; new;wpf;fz;zpypUe;J te;j MWjPg;nghwpfs; MW mofhd Foe;ijfshapd. fhh;jj ; pifg; ngz;fshy; mf;Foe;ijfs; tsh;ff ; g;gl;L ghh;tjp Njtpahy; MWKfk; nfhz;l xUtuha; MWKfd; Njhd;wpdhd;. godp kiyapy; tPw;wpUf;Fk; KUfg;ngUkhDf;F md;id ghh;tjp QhdNty; toq;fp MrPh;tjpj;jJ ijg;g+r ed;dhspy; jhd;. ,jdhNyNa godp kiyapy; ijg;g+rj; jpUtpoh kw;w KUfd; Myaq;fisf;fhl;bYk; ntFrpwg;ghff; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;jNtiy MAjkhff; nfhz;Nl jpUr;nre;J}h; vdg;gLk; jpur;rPuiythapy; mRuh;fis tjk; nra;J Njth;fis epk;kjp milar; nra;jhh; KUfd;.

r©nlRtu® tÊghL

átjÇrd¥ gy‹ r©nlÞtuiu¤ jÇá¤jhšjh‹ ó®¤âahF«. v¥nghJ« âahd¤âš ïU¡F« mtiu tÊgL« nghJ _‹W Kiw ifahš bkJthf¤ j£o tÊglnt©L«. r©nlRtuiu KGtykhf R‰w¡TlhJ. _‹W Kiw ifj£LtJ Mâah¤Äf«, Mâbgsâf«, MâijÉf« vD« K¡F‰w§fshš tU« Ô§F ÉyF«. mjhtJ j‹dhš tU« J‹g«, NHyhš tU« J‹g«, ïa‰ifahš tU« J‹g« vD« K¤J‹g§fŸ ÉyF« bghU£L ifj£l¥gL«. r©nlÞtu® rªÃâÆš nt£o üiynah, nriy üiynah vL¤J¥ nghl¡TlhJ. ïªJ xË

46

#a tUl« kh®fÊ - ij

mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;w itutpoh kyUf;F Ma;Tf;fl;Liufs; ,e;j ehl;bd; ,e;J kf;fspd; tuyhw;wpy; XH mj;jpahakhff; fle;j MW jrhg;jq;fshf jlk; gjpj;J tpl;l vkJ khkd;wj;jpw;F ,e;j Mz;L itutpoh. itu tpohtpid ngUk; nfhz;lhl;lkhf mDl;bf;fhJ Mf;f G+Htkhd nraw;jpl;lq;fs; %yk; ,e;ehl;L ,e;J kf;fSf;F ed;ikgaf;Fk; gzpfis ,e;j Mz;by; tpNrlkhf vLj;Jr; nry;y tpUk;GfpNwhk;. mj;jpl;lq;fspy; xd;whf aho; kz;zpy; 2015 khHr; Kjy;thuj;jpy; itutpoh khehl;il elhj;jp ,e;J xsp itutpoh kyiu ntspaplj; jpl;lkpl;Ls;Nshk;. gj;J Mz;LfSf;FKd; nghd;tpohitnahl;b aho; kz;zpy; khehL elj;jp mupa gy Ma;Tf; fl;Liufis mwpTg; nghf;fp\q;fshfg; ngw;wJ Nghd;W> fhj;jpukhd ntspaPlhf itutpohkyH ntsptu cq;fspd; MjuitAk; gq;fspg;igAk; vjph;ghh;f;fpNwhk;. fUg; nghUs; :“<oj;J ,e;J kjj;jpd; tuyhW> tsHr;rpg; Nghf;F” ,f;fUg;nghUspd; mbg;gilapy; Ma;Tf; fl;Liufs; jkpopy; my;yJ Mq;fpyj;jpy; mika Ntz;Lk;. ,f; fUg; nghUSf;F mikthf gpd;tUk; mk;rq;fis fUj;jpw; nfhz;L jq;fspd; fl;Liufis mikf;fyhk;.

1. tuyhW uPjpahd Ma;T> 2. ,e;J jj;Jttpay; njhlHghf <oj;J mwpQHfspd; gq;fspg;G> 3. <oj;J topghl;L kuG> (gpuhe;jpa kuGfs; cs;slq;fshf>) 4. <oj;Jr; rpj;jH ghuk;gupak;> 5. <oj;J jpUf;Nfhapy;fSk; kuGfSk;> 6. <oj;J kf;fspd; tho;tpy; rkar; rlq;Ffs;> 7. <oj;jkpoH kugpy; rkaKk; ,yf;fpaKk;> 8. <oj;Jr; rka kugpy; fy;tp> 9. <oehl;by; ,e;J rka epWtdq;fs;> 10. <oehl;by; ,e;J rka ntspaPLfs;> 11. <oj;J fiyg; ghuk;gupaj;jpy; ,e;J rkak;> 12. <oj;jpy; ,e;J Ma;Tj;Jiw> 13. <oehl;by; GuhzglyKk; jpUKiw kuGk;> 14. <oehl;by; ,e;J kj tsHr;rpapy; klq;fs;> 15. <oehl;by; ,e;J kj tsHr;rpf;fhd vjpHfhyj; jpl;lkply;fs; njhlHghf> 16. ,yq;ifapd; tlkhfhzk;> fpof;F khfhzk;> kiyafk; kw;Wk; gpuhe;jpaq;fspy; gpd;gw;wg;gLk; rka MrhuKiwfs;> mtw;wpd; mHj;jq;fs;> mit me;jg; gpuhe;jpaq;fspy; Vw;gLj;jptUk; jhf;fq;fs;> 17. fle;j MW jrhg;jq;fspy; (Fwpg;ghf ,Wjp %d;W jrhg;jq;fspy;) ,e;J kf;fspilNa mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk; nra;J te;j gzpfs;; mit Vw;gLj;jpa jhf;fq;fs;; khkd;wk; vjpHfhyj;jpy; epiwNtw;wNtz;ba gzpfs;> 18. rka epWtdq;fs; ,e;J kf;fspilNa nra;a Ntz;ba njhz;Lfs;@ ,sk; jiyKiwapdupd; ,d;iwa Njitfs;@ vjpHghHg;Gf;fisf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L nra;ag;gl Ntz;ba njhz;Lfs;> 19. etPd tpQ;Qhd El;gq;fSf;F Fwpg;ghfj; njhopy;El;g tsHr;rpf;F vjpHnfhz;L vkJ kjk; ïªJ xË

%yk; kf;fspd; tho;it gz;gLj;jf; $ba Kiwapy; nra;ag;gl Ntz;ba rPHjpUj;j Kaw;rpfs;> 20. jpUKiwfs; kw;Wk; rka ,yf;fpaq;fis ,sk;jiyKiwapdH mwpe;J czHe;J nfhs;Sk; tifapyhd vLj;Jiug;Gf;fs;.

Vw;fdNt vq;Fk; gpuRhpf;fg;glhjjhf Ma;Tfl;Liu ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. Ma;Tf; fl;Liuapid kpd;dr;rpy; nghwpj;J kpd;dQ;rY}lf 15.02.2015f;F Kd; mDg;g Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld; xU gjpg;Gg; gpujpapidj; jghy; %yk; mDg;gpitj;jy; Ntz;Lk; my;yJ khkd;w aho; gzpkidapy; mike;jpUf;Fk; ,e;J Muha;r;rp epiyaj;jpy; xg;gilf;fyhk;. fl;LiuahsH jdJ KOg;ngaH> gjtp> flikahw;Wk; epWtdk; Nghd;w tpguq;fis jdpahdnjhU jhspy; vOjp fl;LiuAld; ,izj;J mDg;Gjy; Ntz;Lk;. rfy fl;LiufSk; hinducongressjaffna@gmail.com, vd;w kpd;dQ;rYf;Fk; mjd; gpujp xd;iw hinducongress@gmail.com vd;w kpd;dQ;rYf;Fk; mDg;gNtz;Lk; Ma;Tf; fl;Liuapd; mikg;G gpd;tUkhW mikjy; Ntz;Lk;.

01. fl;Liuj; jiyg;G> mjd; fPo; fl;Liuapd; RUf;fk;> mjd;gpd; KOikahd fl;Liuahf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

02. mbf; Fwpg;Gf;fs;> crhj;Jiz tpguq;fs; ahTk; fl;Liuapd; ,Wjpapy; mikjy; Ntz;Lk;.

03. fl;Liuapd; nrhy; vz;zpf;if gw;wpa Nknyy;iy vJTkpy;iyahapDk; 3000 - 5000 nrhw;fisf; nfhz;bUj;jy; ngupJk; tuNtw;fj;jf;fjhFk; mNjNtisapy; nrhw;fspd; vz;zpf;iff;F mikthfNt Ma;T mikjy; Ntz;Lnkd;W vjpHghu;f;fg; gltpy;iy. nrhw;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia tpl Ma;tpd; juNk Kf;fpakhdJ. crhj;Jiz tpguq;fs; gw;wpa mwpTWj;jy;fs; 01. MrpupaH ngaH> gpuRu Mz;L (milg;Gf;Fwpf;Fs;)> E}ypd; ngaH my;yJ fl;Liuapd; jiyg;G vd;gd ,lk;ngw Ntz;Lk;.

02. fl;Liu ntspte;j E}ypd; ngaNuh my;yJ Ma;tpjopd; ngaNuh jbj;j vOj;jpy; mikjy; Ntz;Lk;.

03. Ma;tpjohapd; mjidj; njhFj;jtH ngaH Kjypy; Fwpg;gplg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. khehl;by; cq;fspd; fl;LiufisAk; cs;slf;fpa itutpoh kyH mr;rpl;L ntspaplg;gLtJld; khehl;bd; Fwpg;gpl;l muq;fpy; mjidr; rkHg;gpf;fTk; fl;LiuahsH fSf;Fr; re;jHg;gk; jug;gLk;. Mdhy; fl;Liuapid mr;re;jHg;gj;jpy; RUf;fkhfj; njhl;Lf; fhl;lNt tha;g;Gf; fpilf;Fk;. Neu mtfhrk; ,Ug;gpd; xt;NthH muq;fpd; ,Wjp epfo;thf fye;JiuahlTk; re;jHg;gk; toq;fg;gLk;. Ma;Tf; fl;Liufis mDg;g tpUg;gtHfs; mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wj;Jld; cldbahf njhlu;;G nfhs;;sTk;. ,e;j Kaw;rpapy; rfyupdJk; G+uz MjuitAk; xj;Jiog;igAk; khkd;wk; ehbepw;fpd;wJ.

fe;ijah ePyfz;ld; jiytH mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk; 47

#a tUl« kh®fÊ - ij

ahœ gÂkidÆš khk‹w¤â‹ mDruizÆš ehty® rig el¤âa ehty® ÉHh (13. 12. 2014)

ešÿ® MÔd Kjšt® eªâ¡ bfho V‰W»wh®

ehty® rig brayhs® ešÿ® MÔd Kjšt® âU. âšiyeluh#h áw¥òiu Máíiu

fyhÃâ k. ghyifyhrehjr®kh áw¥òiu

nguháÇa® ï. Fkhutontš k§fs És¡nf‰W»wh®

ÉÇîiuahs® âU. r. yär‹ áw¥òiu

nguháÇa® ï Fkhutontš ãujk ÉUªâd® ciu

nguháÇa® fiyth ïuhkehj‹ áw¥òiu

ïªJ xË ehty® Ãidî¢ áw¥ãjœ btËpL kd;dhh; Qhdituth; Mya %ytpf;fpuf kz;lgj;jpw;F jpU. tp. fapyhrgps;is jk;gjpfs; mbf;fy; ehl;ba epfo;tpd;NghJ khkd;w nghUshsh; jpU. Nt. fe;jrhkp> itj;jpa fyhepjp KUNfR fjph;fhkehjd; kw;Wk; njhz;lh;fs;

ïªJ xË

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#a tUl« kh®fÊ - ij

k£l¡fs¥ãš elªj ehty® ÉHh (06.12.2014)

khk‹w¤ jiyt® k§fs És¡nf‰W»wh®

ešÿ® MÔd Kjšt® eªâ¡ bfho V‰W»wh®.

k£l¡fs¥ò ïªJ ïisP® nguit¤ jiyt® âU. Ó. nahnfÞtu‹ (gh. c.) ciuah‰W»wh®.

khk‹w¤ jiyt® ciuah‰W»wh®

rignah® ïªJ xË

49

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khk‹w¤ jiyikaf¤âš

01. 01. 2015 m‹W elªj óirÆš khk‹w¥ ãu⤠jiyt® âU. kh. jtnahfuh#h mUshá bgW»wh®.

15. 01. 2015 m‹W ij¥bgh§fš óir

ij¥ bgh§fš óir tÊgh£oš fyªJ bfh©l ãŸisfŸ

ij¥bgh§fš tÊgh£o‹nghJ kh©òÄF o. v«. RthÄehj‹ ciuah‰W»wh®.

m¥ãahr¥ ò¤jf§fŸ m‹gË¥ò

khk‹w¤â‹ m‹gË¥ghd m¥ãahr¥ ò¤jf§fis, kh©òÄF o. v«. RthÄehj‹ ãŸisfS¡F tH§F»wh®. ïªJ xË

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bfhÞyhªij ÛÇahbg¤j k©rÇî md®¤j¤âdhš ghâ¡f¥g£l FL«g§fis¢ nr®ªj gŸË¡Tl khzt®fS¡F r_f ey‹ FG¤ jiyt® âU. á. jdghyh, FG¢ brayhs® âU. vÞ. Ãnuhõ‹ M»nah® m¥ãahr¥ ò¤jf§fis tH§F»wh®fŸ.

ïªJ xË

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ruÞtâ k©lg¤âš elªj ehty® ÉHhî« üšfŸ btËpL« (29.11.2014)

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