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ita ePLf khkio kd;Df nka; tpUk;gpa md;gh; tpsq;Ff irt ed;ndwp jhk;jioj; Njhq;Ff nja;t ntz;jpU ePW rpwf;fNt!

ïªJ xË m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w ïªJ MuhŒ¢á Ãiya¤â‹ btËpL

Mo mkhthir / RthÄ Éòyhdªj® Ãidî¢ áw¥ãjœ ( #a tUl« MÅ-Mo ) 26.07.2014

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mUŸ klš Ú¤jhiu Ãidî TUnth« ngz¥g£L tUtij fhzKo»wJ. F¿¥ghf¢ brhšt jhdhš, mbkÇ¡fhÉYŸs gy njáa ó§fh¡fËY« tdÉy§F¥ guhkÇ¥ò k‰W« ruzhya§fËY« Ú¤jh® Ãidîfshf, FL«g¤âš kiwªjt®fS¡fhf ku§fis eh£L« tH¡f« nk‰bfhŸs¥g£L tU»wJ. vâ®fhy¤âš gy tUl§fS¡F ga‹jU« tifÆyhd ï¤jifa bra‰ghlhdJ nkiy¤nja fyhrhu¤âš K¡»a ïl¤ij¥ bg‰¿U¥gijí« áw¥ghf¡ F¿¥ãlnt©L«. ï‹bdhU tifÆyhd fUkkhf, kiwªj j§fsJ FL«g¤ij¢ nr®ªjt®fsJ Phgfh®¤jkhf mw¡f£lis ÃWtd§fis njh‰WÉ¤J mt‰¿‹ Clhf fšÿÇfŸ, gšfiy¡fHf« k‰W« tshf§fŸ, Õl§fŸ v‹gitfËš f£ll§ fisí« MŒîTl§fisí« ÃWÉ ï¥nghJ« vâ®fhy¤ âY« ïs«rªjâÆd® fšÉ gÆYtj‰fhd trâfis V‰gL¤â tUtij mbkÇ¡fhÉY« Vida nkiy¤ njr§fËY« fhz Ko»wJ. ï¤jifa K‰ngh¡F fyhrhu« vkJ k¡fËlK« cUthfnt©L«. vkJ _jhijaiu eh« k£L« Ãid¤J¥ ngh‰¿ tÊg£lhš k£L« nghjhJ. vâ®fhy rªjâÆd® ga‹bgW« tif ÆY« Mtd brŒtJ rhy¢áwªjJ. Ú¤jh® Ãidthf nkiy ehLfËš bra‰gL¤JtJ ngh‹w mw¡f£lis fis v§fŸ eh£oY« ÃWÉ mj}lhf e‰gÂfis K‹bdL¤J¢ brštJ v‹gJ ešybjhU if§fÇakhfî« mikí«. rka¡ »ÇiafË‹nghJ ïwªjt®fsJ Ãidthf bj‹d«ãŸis mšyJfKf«ãŸiseh£LtJï¥nghJmU» tU»‹wJ. vâ®fhy¤âš ï¤jifa ku§fis eh£o, vkJ ts§fis ghJfh¡fnt©L«. kiwªj m‹ò¡FÇat®fŸ fšÉ f‰w ghlrhiyfËš fšÉ k‰W« r_fey trâfis brŒJ bfhL¥gJ Ú¤jh® Ãidthf mikí«. K‹ida fhy¤âš Ú¤jh® Ãidthfnt bjUnthu§ fËš Rikjh§», ïis¥ghW« kl«, MîuŠá¡fš, Ú®¡nfÂ ngh‹witfŸ mik¡f¥g£L mUnf ÃHš jU« bgUku§fS« eh£l¥g£L tªjd. åâ ÉÞjÇ¥ò, efu¤ij mHFgL¤jš ngh‹w mãÉU¤â¤ â£l§fshš nk‰brhšy¥g£l bra‰ghLfŸ ï¥nghJ rh¤âakhfhj ÃiyÆÈU¡»wJ. vdnt fhy¤â‰F¥ bghU¤jkhd tifÆyhd òâa â£l§fis bra‰gL¤â Ú¤jhiu ÃidîTUtJ mtáakhdJ« njitahdJkhF«.

v§fŸ _jhija®fis rka¢ rl§FfŸ Clhf ÃidîTU« ghu«gÇa« ïªJkj¤âš Ú©lfhykhfnt ïUªJ tU»wJ. mj‰FÇa áw¥ghd fhy§fSŸ Mo mkhthirí« x‹whF«. cyfshÉa ßâÆš gy ehLfËš ï¤jifa _jhija® tÊghL« ngh‰WjY« ï¥nghJ fyhrhu ßâÆš Ú¤jh® Ãidthf nt%‹¿ tUtJ« áw¥ghd Élakhf mikªJŸsJ. _jhija®fŸ thDy»ÈUªJ e«ik tÊel¤J»wh®fŸ v‹w e«ã¡ifíl‹ ï¤jifa ãâ® tÊghLfis nk‰bfh©L tU»wh®fŸ. ïJtiuÆš, jÅ¥g£lt®fshš k£Lnk j§fŸ FL«g¤ij¢ nr®ªjt®fË‹ kiwî¡F¥ ã‹, mt®fS¡fhf ãâ® tÊghLfŸ el¤j¥g£L tªjd. ï¥nghJ rka ÃWtd§fŸ, M¢áuk§fŸ, kl§fŸ v‹gdî« Ú¤jh® Ãidîfisel¤âtU»‹wd.ï¤jifarkaÃWtd§fŸ, M¢áuk§fŸ, kl§fŸ ngh‹witfis cUth¡»a t®fŸ k‰W« cjÉat®fŸ v‹ngh® óîyif É£L kiwªj ã‹d®, mt®fis Ãidî T®ªJ, mt®fŸ tÊÆš el¡f âl r§f‰g« óQ« tifÆyhd áw¥g«rkhfnt ïªj ÃfœîfŸ mikªâU¡»‹wd. ïªjtifÆnyna m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹wK« Ú¤jh® Ãidî Ãfœit Kj‹Kiwahf V‰ghL brŒJ V‰fdnt bfhG«ò khefÇš el¤âÆUªjJ. bjhl®ªJ x›bthU tUlK« Mo mkhthir âd¤j‹W ÑÇkiy óÄÆš ï¤jifa Ãfœit el¤jÉU¥gJ áw¥ghd fhÇakhf mikªâU¡»wJ. ÑÇkiyahdJ f©l» vd¥gL« ò©Âa Ô®¤j« bfh©l òÅj óÄahF«. ïªâahÉš fhá vd¥gL« nkh£r nr¤âu« v›thW òÅjK« ò©ÂaK« Ãiwªjjhf mikªâU¡»wnjh, mJnghy <H¤âš ghu«gÇa rka K¡»a¤Jt« thŒªj tifÆš k»ik bghUªâajhf ÑÇkiy âfœ»wJ. gy ü‰wh©LfS¡F K‹d® m§f¡ FiwghL« nehahY« Õo¡f¥g£oUªj khUj¥òuåftšÈ v‹w nrhHeh£L ïstuá, ï§FŸs f©l» Ô®¤jÃiyÆš Úuho nehŒ Ú§» mHF¤njh‰w« bg‰wjhf xU tuyhW c©L. ï¤jifa k»ikí« bgUikíŸs ÑÇkiyÆny ï¥nghJ átóÄ mw¡f£lisÆdU«, m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w¤âdU« kl§fis ÃWÉÆU¥gJl‹, m§F tUif jU« ah¤âÇf®fS¡F gšntW tifÆš nritah‰¿ tUtJ« áw¥ghf F¿¥ãl¤j¡f Éla§fshF«. jkJ K‹ndh®fisí« _jhija®fisí« kwthJ ïU¥gJ v‹gJ ï¥nghJ nkiy¤njr§fËš bgUksÉš ïªJ xË

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#a tUl« MÅ - Mo

Mb mkhthirapd; rpwg;G gz;bjh; j.Rg;gpukzpak;

mkhthir

GwTly; vdTk; gLk;. MAs; Kbtpy; Kd;Dly; tpl;L kw;Nwhh; clk;ngLj;jw;F VJthapUg;gJ mUTlk;G. ,J #f;Fk fhak;, #f;Fk Njfk;, cs;Slk;G vdTk; gLk;. ,tw;Ws; Jhy rhPukhdJ, gQ;r g+jq;fshYk; ghpzkpf;fg;gl;l cUclk;G. #f;Fk rhPukhdJ fhuz jd; khj;jpiufise;Jk;, me;jf;fuzq;fs; kdk;, Gj;jp, mfq;fhunkDk; %d;Wk; $baJ mUTlk;G. xUth; ,wf;Fk;NghJ JhyrhPuk; mope;J NghFk;. #f;Fk rhPuk; moptjpy;iy. mit rh;trq;fhu fhyj;jpNy my;yJ Kj;jp epiyapyhtJ mopAk;. Xh; caph; Jhy rhPuj;ij tpl;L ePq;Fk;NghJ #f;Fk rhPuj;NjhL nry;Yk;. mq;qdk; nrd;w caph; g+kpapw; jhd; Ghpe;j tpidfSf;;Nfw;g ,d;gJd;gq;fisr; Rth;f;f eufj;jpy; mEgtpf;Fk;. Rth;f;fj;jpNy ,d;gq;fis mEgtpf;Fk; NghJ mr;#f;Fk rhPuKk; mjw;nfd;Nw xU rhPuj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sfpd;wJ. mJ Neha; nfhz;ljhAk; vt;tifj; Jd;gq;fisAk; jhq;f ty;yjhAk; ,Uf;Fk;. mJ ahjdhrhPuk; vdg;gLk;. ,t;tpjk; mEgtpj;Jj; njhiyahky; vQ;rp epd;w (gpuhuj;Jt) tpidfspdhNy kPz;Lk; g+kpapy; te;J gpwf;Fk;. ,we;jth;fSila JhyTlk;Gk;, #f;FkTlk;Gk; gpwtpf;Ff; fhuzkhd tpidAnkdg;gl;l nty; y hk; jfdf; f phpia, me; j pNal; b ,tw; w hy; ePq;fptpLk;. mGj;jpg+h;tkhfr; nra;jd me;jpNal;b, jfdf;fphpiafshy; khWk;. Gj;jpg+h;tkhfr; nra;jd mEgtpj;Njahf Ntz;Lk;. caph; rgpz;bfuzk; (gpjph; g+ir) vd;Dq; fphpiaapdhNy rptNyhfj;ijailAk;. mq; F gpjhtpDila caph; ]; f e; j nrh&gkhf ,Uf;Fk;. ghl;lDila caph; rz;lgjj;jpNy rz;l nrh&gkhf ,Uf;Fk;. Kg;ghl;lDila caph; fzhjPr gj;jpNy fzhj nrh&gkhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,th;fSf;Fj; jiyth;fshf ]fe;j, rz;l, fzhjPjh; vDk; %th; mjp nja;tq;fshf tpsq;Fth;. ,th;fs;jhd; gpjph; Njtijfs; vd miof;fg;gLth;. ,th;fisg; gphPjp nra;J topgLtJjhd; rpuhh;j;jk; vdg;gLk;. epUthz jPl;ir ngw;wth;fSila gpJh;Ntjh;fs; <rh;, rjhrpth;, rhe;jh; vdg;gLth;. kz;lyq;fs; #hpa kz;lyk;, re;jpu kz;lyk;, Nkf kz;lyk;, g+kz;lyk; vdg; gytifg;gLk;. ,we;JNghd caph;fs; jhk; nra;j Gz;zpa ghtj;jpw;Nfw;gr; Rth;f;f eufq;fisailtdTk; Kj;jpailtdTkd;wpr; rpy

vd; w hy; ek; rkaj; j th; f Sf; F kpfTk; gagf; j p cz; l hfpd; w J. Mb mkhthir irth;fSf;Fk; itzth;fSf;Fk; xU Kf;fpakhd jpdk;. gpjph; topghl;ilf; Fwpf;Fk; xU Gz;zpakhd rpuhh;j;j jpdkhFk;. jpjp vd;gJ #hpaDf;Fk; re;jpuDf;Fk; cs;s Jhuj;ij- ghfj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLk; xU nrhy;. mkh vd;why;, Xhplj;jpy; nghUe;jpaJ (Ftpe;jJ-mLj;jJ) vd;W nghUs;. Xh; ,uhrpapy; #hpad; re;jpud; ,UtUk; Nrh;e;J cwthFk; thrpahd ehs; mkhthrp vdg;gLk;. thd kz;lyj;jpy; jkJ msg;G Ntiyiar; rpUl;bapd; Muk;g fhyj;jpypUe;Nj njhlq;fpa ,UtUk; mkhthir ehspyd;Wjhd; xUq;F $Lfpd;wdh;. #hpaDk; re; j puDk; xNu ghifapy; g+kpf; F Neuhf tUk; nghOJ mkhthirj; jpjp cz;lhFk;. re;jpud; #hpadpypUe;J gphpe;J g+kpiar; Rw;wp tUfpd;w khh;f;fj;jpy; g+kpf;Fk; #hpaDf;Fk; 180MtJ ghifapy; tUk; nghOJ ngsh;zkpj; jpjp epfOk;. jpjpfs; g+h;tgf;fj; jpjpfs;, mgugf;fj; jpjpfs; vd ,Utifg;gLk;. mkhthirf;fLj;j gpujik Kjy; ngsh; z kp ,WjpahfTs; s gjpide; J jpjpfSk; g+h; t gf; f nkdg; g Lk; . ngsh; z pikf; f Lj; j gpujik Kjy; mkhthirapWjpahfTs;s gjpide;J jpjpfSk; mgugf; f nkdg; g Lk; . g+h; t gf; f k; ,mgugf; f k; vd; g d KiwNa Rf;ygf;\k;, fpU\;zgf;\k;, tsh;gpiw, Nja;gpiw vdTk;gLk;. mkhthirapd; fUj;ij QhdKiwapw; ftdpj;jYk; ey;yJ. #hpad; Qhdfhufd;, Mj;kfhufd; Mthd;. gpuhzpfspd; Mj;k mikg;G #hpadhw;jhd; epfo;fpd;wJ. Mz;ik, Mw;wy;, guhf;fpukk;, tPuk;, jPuk; jtk; ahTk; #hpadhNyNa Njhd;Wfpd;wd. re;jpud; kdj;jpw;F mjpgjp. kfpo;r;rp, njspe;j mwpT, cw; r hfk; , ,d; g k; Kjypad re; j pudhy; milaj;jf;fd. ,j;jifa #hpa re;jpuh; ,UtUk; xU uhrpapy; rQ; r hpf; F k; ehs; Gdpjkhd ehs; . caph;fspd; RfNghfkhfpa khWjiyAzh;j;Jk; ehs;. rfy Njth;fSk; mkhthirapd; mjpgh;fshth;. md;W Nehd;G Nehw;wy;, tpujq; fhj;jy; rpwe;jJk; ,iwtDf;F kfpo;r;rpaspg;gJk;, ngUik jUtJkhd ed;dhshFk;. ekf;F ,uz;L rhPuq;fs;- rPtNjfq;fs; cs;sd. mit Jhy rhPuk;, #f;Fk rhPuk;, Fz rhPuk; vdg;gLk;. ekJ clk;G Jhy rhPuk;. ,J Jhyfhak;, JhyNjfk;, ïªJ xË

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caph;fs; clNd xU J}yNjfj;ij vLg;gdTkhfTk; ,Uf;Fk;. md;wp mit ,wf;fpd;w fhy Neuq;fisg; nghWj;jjhf caph;fis ew;gjtpailar; nra;jYf;Fr; rpuhh;j;jk; ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. #hpaDk; re;jpuDk; xd;Wgl;Lg; g+kpf;F NeNu Neh;gLQ; rkaNk ,jw;F kpfTQ; rpwe;jJ. xt;Nthh; mkhthirAk; gpjph; f Ukj; j pw; F tpNr\rkhdJ. vdpDk; Mb mkhthir kpfTk; GdpjKk; tpNr\ rKkhdjhFk;. ij mkhthirAk; rpwe;jJ. Vnddpy; #hpa kz; l yj; J f; F mg; g hYs; s gpjph; f Sf; F hpa ,lkhFk;. ,J gpJh; Nyhfk; vdg;gLk;. tlf;F Nehf;fpr; rQ;r hpf; Fk; #hpad;, njw;F Nehf;fpr; rQ;rhpf;Fk; Muk;gfhyk; MbkhrkhFk;. MfNt Mb mkhthir gpjph; jUg;gzj;jpw;F kpfTk; rpwe;j fhykhFk;. mkhthir, ngsh;zkp ehl;fspy; fly; jPhj ; j ; khLjy; kpfTk; ey;yJ. fly; ePiu ekJ ghgj;ijf; fOTk; ghpRj;j ePuhfTk; ,iwtdJ mUs; ePuhfTk; epide;J fhyQ;nrd;w gpjpuh;fis vz;zp mth;fsJ ghtj;ijg; Nghf;fp mth;fSf;F Kj;jpaspf;Fk; tz;zk; ,iwtid Ntz;b ePuhly; Ntz;Lk;. cly; eyj; j pd; nghUl; L k; fly; eP u hLjy; ed;ikahFk;. mkhthir ngsh;zkp ehl;fspy; flypd; epiyAk; ekJ clypd; epiyAk; khw;wkilfpd;wJ. fly; ePuhLtjdhy; mNef cs;Nuhfq;fSk; GwNuhfq;fSk; nrh];jkilfpd;wd. ePuhbdhy; rhPuk; Rj;jkhfpd;wJ. MNuhf;fpak;, cw;rhfk; vd;gd cz;lhfpd;wd. kd xUikg;ghLk; kdg;ghpRj;jKk; cz;lhfpd;wJ. mjpf grpAz; l hfpd; w J. Mjypd; ,ilapilNa fly; ePuhLjYk; mtrpakhFk;. mkhthir ehspy; (khjhpd; ge;Ja;jj ; y;) khght nkdf; $wg;gLfpd;wJ. Mj;kfhufdhd #hpaDld; kdj;jpd; fhufdhfpa re;jpud; xUq;Nf $bapUf;Fk;nghOJ khdplhpd; Mj;k rf;jp Fd;wpapUf;Fk;. khjhpd; kdKk; kpfTk; Nrhh;e;jpUf;Fk;. ,jid kPwp ,d;ge;Ja;j;jhy; mq;ftPdKs;s- Mz; ngz;zw;w –mypfs; Nghd;w Foe;ijfs; gpwg;gh; vdr; nrhy;yg;gLfpd;wJ.

kfpik kpf;f khitf; fe;jd; M

b mkhthir jpdj;ij jPh;j;jkhff; nfhz;L tUlhe;j cw;rtk; eilngWk; Myaq;fSs; xd;Wjhd; khtpl;lGuk; fe;jRthkp Nfhapy; . ,q; F ,Ugj;ije;J ehl;fs; cw;rtk; ,lk; ngw;W tUfpwJ. aho; Flhehl;bYs;s KUfd; Myaq;fSs; ey;Yhh;, njhz;lkhdhW, khtpl;lGuk; Mfpa ,lq;fspy; mike;Js;s %d;W Myaq;fSNk tuyhw;Wg; ngUikAk; njhd;ikr; rpwg;Gk; kpf;fjhf tpsq;Ffpd;wd. xU mw;Gj epfo;Tld; ,ize;j tifapNyNa khitf;fe;jd; Myak; Njhw;wk; ngw;wjhf tuyhW nrhy;fpd;wJ. gy E}w;whz;LfSf;F Kd; epfo;e;j rk;gtk; ,J. jpirAf;fpu Nrhod; kidtpahfpa fdfhq;fp vd;gts; Fjpiu Kfk; nfhz;l ngz;Foe;ijnahd;iwg; ngw;nwLj;jhs;. khUjg;GutPfty;yp vd;w ngaUila me;jg; gps;is Fd;k NehapdhYk; gPbf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. Nrhodpd; kfshfpa khUjg;GutPfty;yp tsh;e;J tUk; ehspy; Nrhoehl;bypUe;J ,yq;iff;F te;J fPhpkiyapy; cs;s kfpik kpf;f fz;lfp jPh;j;jf; Nfzpapy; ePuhbtpl;L jpUk;gp tUk; topapy; mtsJ Fjpiu Kfk; khwp moFj; Njhw;wj;ijg; ngw;whs;. me;j ,lNk khtpl;lGuk; (kh-Fjpiu , tpl;l- ePq;fpa, Guk;efuk;) vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. jdJ Fjpiu Kf Njhw;wk; ePq;fpajhy; kfpo;r;rpaile;j murFkhhp khUjg;GutPfty;yp mt;tplj;jpy; mofd; KUfDf;F Xh; Myak; mikf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w tpUg;gj;ij njhptpf;fNt, Nrho kd;dDk; mq;fpUe;J Myak; mikg; g jw; F Ntz; b a nghUl; f Sld; , Mya tpf;fpufq;fs;, njhopyhsh;fs;, rpjk;guj;ijr; Nrh;e;j me;jzg; nghpahh;fisAk; mDg;gp itj;J rpthfk Kiwg; g b ngUk; ,uh[NfhGuj; J ld; Myaj;ij eph;khzpj;jhd; vd;gJ tuyhW. Mb mkhthirj; jpdj; j d; W eilngWk; jPh;j;jNjhw;rtj;jpd;NghJ khitf; fe;jd; fPhpkiy fz;lfp Nfzpf;F vOe;jUsp jPh;j;jkhLtJ gy tUlq;fshfNt ,lk; ngw;W tUk; tof;fkhFk;. Myaj;jpy; ,g;NghJ GdUj;jhuz Ntiyfs; ,lk; ngw;W tUtjdhy; ,t;tUlk; kNfhw;rtj;Jf;Fg; gjpyhf fhk; N ahw; r tk; eilngw; W te; j J. ,k;khjk; 2Mk; jpfjp Muk;gkhd cw;rtk; ,d;W (26.07.2014) eilngWk; jPh;j;Njhw;rtj;Jld; epiwT ngWfpd;wJ. Myaj;jpd; GdUj;jhuz Ntiyfs; epiwT ngw;w gpd;dh; mLj;j Mz;L (2015) kfh Fk;ghgpN\ fg; ngUtpoh ,lk;ngw;W njhlh;e;J kNfhw;rtk; eilngWk; vd njhptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

fhyw;wd clyw;wd jiyaw;wd ehspy; Nfhyf; Fa klthh;jikf; $bd;ky lhth; khypf;nfhU Nfhapy; nrapd; mJTk; ntF ghlhk; Qhyj;jth; topNghkpd; eyKa; jplhutNk gad; Mjypd; ,g;Gz;zpa jpdj;jpNy %h;j;jp jyk; jP h ; j ; j k; mike; j Gz; z pa jyq; f spyhapDk; tPLfspyhapDk; gpjph; fUkq;fis Kiwg;gb nra;jy; ,d;wpaikahjnjhd;whFk;.

(ed;wp: irtrka Gz;zpafhyk;) ïªJ xË

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Keerimalai: The spring of our spiritual heritage Prof N. Shanmugalingam

Former Vice Chancellor, Professor of Sociology, University of Jaffna

indus recognize multiple sources of power in the world around them, sacred forces in rivers, rocks, in village temples and hill top shrines. In this context Keerimalai spring and the Naguleswaram temple are places of importance to the spiritual heritage of Hindus in Sri Lanka and South India. It had been a pilgrimage center of this cultural area. The Maha Kumbabishekam of the temple became a reality by the tireless efforts of Maharajasri Naguleswara kurukkal and the eternal prayers of the devotes gives a spiritual strength to the people and at the same time give an opportunity to re-visit and re-vitalize the cultural heritage of Keerimalai. During this day of Kumbabishegam, inevitably our memories took us to the days of the Hindu Reformer, Arumuga Navalar and his call in 1894 to re-establish all the five ISWARAM temples, namely Naguleswaram (Thiru thambaleswaram),Thiruketheeswaram, Thirukoneswaram, Muneswaram and Thondeswaram. In addition, it brings us to the reality that the repeated destructions of these treasured temples did not destroy the faith of the Hindus, and these temples were rebuilt to its original glory by the untiring efforts of the Hindus scattered throughout the country. The historical roots of Keerimalai and Naguleswaram temple date back to ancient times. This temple is referred in Dakshina kailasa puranam and Skanda puranam. There are references of Nagulisa relating to early preceptors of Pasupatha school of Saivaism . There are references (Yalppana Vaipava malai} about the Sahasralinga( 1000 lingams within the Lingam) of Naguleswaram .The name of the nearby Fort, Sambuthurai is also related to be the site at which the Shivalingam has been brought to this temple from South India. There are also references to the same a sage Nagulamuni with the face of a mongoose who meditated in a cave in Keerimalai, after his continued devotion and prayers at Naguleswaram, Lord Shiva had mercy on him and restored his human form . The Tamil word ‘Keeri’ is synonym with the Sanskrit word Nagulam meaning mongoose. It is from this divine act that the name of Keerimalai is said to have been derived. Another set of beliefs reputing Keerimalai spring, as a spring with curative powers. The story reveals that the Pandyan princess Maruthapuraveeka valli with the face of a horse came all the way to Sri Lanka to have a bath ïªJ xË

in the spiritual spring and worship Naguleswararar in order to restore her human form. She too was able to get back her human face after a bath at the Keerimalai spring. As a tribute to the Gods for restoring her human form, she built the Maviddapuram Murugan temple and few other temples in the nearby villages. Thus one can see that a close link existed from very early times between the temple at Maviddapuram and Naguleswaram, the place name Koyil kadavai also signify this. All these myths, spiritual stories are ‘living stories’ in the memories of the people, and which are handed down from generation to generation. The Hindus flock in large numbers on the day of ‘Adi amavasi’ which falls during the Tamil month of Adi to pay tribute to their ancestors in Hindu tradition. A river basin and the seashores are the sites where this ancestral worship is carried out. The sea at Keerimalai is also the spot where the ashes of the departed are finally mingled with the sacred water and even the rituals are carried out by family members to their departed. In this regard the river basin and the sea are important to the Hindus where ever they live. The rivers symbolize the cyclic time span between birth and death. All the rivers eventually lead to the sea or the ocean. The rivers receive their significance due to this, particularly so in India. In this respect Kasi (Bennaris) probably enjoy the most widespread acclaim, but it is not a unique site for Hindus in any absolute sense. There are numerous other ‘Kasis’ throughout the Hindu land of India and Sri Lanka. The Keerimalai theertham receives importance in this regard, which is treated as a crossing place between the world for human beings after death, and also as a link between the divine and the human world and thus the place where the deities are supposed to appear on earth. It is an interesting coincidence that it is the day for the Lord of Maviddapuram Murugan’s theertham and also the day when homage is offered to the dear departed following the theertham after a bath in the spiritual spring. This divine and human mix is experienced by people with a lot of excitement and beliefs. Now I wish to record my own experiences and exciting socialization of Hindu rites and ancestral worship. From my childhood onwards I accompanied my father to this sacred spot where my memories register a number of 6

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I am unable to express my happiness’-one of the devotes expressed her emotion with tears. Another devotee drowned in happiness on seeing the beauty of the newly renovated temple Back to its original glory said that ‘Lord Nagulewaran has blessed us to return to our village; although we have no proper dwelling, but we are proud that our Nagulesan temple is beautifully rebuilt’. One of my own village man from Kadduvan holding my hand with a firm grip lamented, ‘when are we going back to our village, that is my only prayer…..,being in keerimalai today gives me the fleeing that we will retrace our journey soon’. People are bounded with places and have their deep roots in their ancestral land. Ancestry is viewed as a meaningful, legitimate, valuable, natural source of personal and collective identity. In fact as Eva Hoffman (1989) underlined, ‘it is the soil of significance ‘and that is Keerimalai , the spring of our spiritual heritage. (Courtesy Nagulanatham - 2012)

socio cultural activities in this area. The Naguleswaram templeand the connected madams {inns) in large numbers in the neighborhood like the Shirapar madam, Sadai amma madam were the centers of community gathering, spiritual exchanges and are some of the scenario by which I was socialized and which remain cherished in my memory even to this day. Other than the newly erected Sivaboomi madam, none of the traditional ones are now existing. People are longing for the revival of all these cultural centers and cherish the nostalgia of this rich tradition. Loosing these experiences in the last 3 decades or so is very painful and can never be forgiven .In this regard, I wish to record that I was not able to carry out the last rites of my father in this traditional spiritual soil and to this day it remains painful to me. There must be hundreds and thousands of sons who would have undergone this experience like me. We have recorded such forms of mourning, nostalgia and remembrance as well as physical sickness and experiences of trauma, in our studies of displaced people. But with the regaining of the spiritual journey to Keerimalai and the Maha Kumbabishekam of Nagulambikai sametha Naguleswarar, gave new strength to the people and we were able to witness the hope and the happiness expressed in their faces. ‘Naguleswarathan has graced us to witness this great occasion with a large number of devotees,

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eFNy];tuk; vd rpwg;Gg;ngWk;

fPhpkiyr; rptd; Nfhapy; rptj;jkpo; tpj;jfh; rpt. kfhypq;fk;

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fPhpkiyj; jPh;j;jj;jpd; rpwg;Gk; eFNy];tuk; Myaj;jpd; njhd;ikAk;

&gKk; rf;jp &gKk; Mf ,Uf;fpd;w ,ag;gpdhNy fq;fh rKj;jpu rq;fkk; vd;Wk;, fz;lfp jPhj ; j ; k; vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. fPhpkiyia eFyfphp vd;Wk; $Wth;. eFyKdpth; mq;F jtk; nra;J jkJ fPhpKfk; khwg; ngw;wikapdhy; fPhpkiyf;F eFykiy vd;w ngaUk; ,iwtDf;F eFNy];tuh; vd;w ehkKk; ,iwtpf;F eFyhk;gpif vd;w ehkKk; Vw;glyhapw;W. aho;g;ghzf; Flhehl;by; vOr;rp ngw;w rpthyaq;fspy; fPhpkiyr; rptd; Nfhapy; kpfTk; njhd;ik tha;e;j MyakhFk;. fPhpkiyf; flw;fiug; gpuNjrj;jpy; kf;fs; FbNaw;wKk; kw;Wk; Ntshz; i k Nghd; w njhopy; f Sk; th; j ; j fKk; Muk;gkhfpa fhyk; KjyhfNt eFNy];tu Myak; rpwg; g plk; ngw; W te; J s; s J vd; w Fwpg; g pidj; jl;\pz ifyhr Guhzj;jpy; fhzyhk;. Nrho ,sturpahfpa khUjg;GutPfty;yp Fjpiu Kfj;JlDk; Fd;ktyp NehAlDk; ,Ue;J mt];ijg;gl;lhs;. re;epahrp xUtuhy; topg;gLj;jg;gl;l

fPhpkiy,

khtpl;lGuk;, fhq;Nfad;Jiw Mfpa %d;W fpuhkq;fSk; cs;slq;fpa gpuNjrk; Nfhapw; flit vd;w ngauhy; miof;fg;gl;L te;jJ. rptg+kp vd;W jtNahfp jpU%yehadhuhy; miof;fg;gl;l <okzpj; jpUehl;bd; tlf;Nf %h;jj ; p, jyk;, jPhj ; j ; k; vd;w %d;Wk; xUq;Nf mikag;ngw;w rpwg;Gkpf;f jpUj;jykhf eFNy];tuk; jpfo;fpwJ. Guhjd fhyj;jpy; ,t;thyak; jpUj;jk;gNy];tuk; vd;w ngauhy; miof;fg;gl;lJ. eFNy];tuk; mike;Js;s fPhpkiyj; jPh;j;jk;, rhfu rq;fk jPhj ; j ; k;, fz;lfp jPhj ; j ; k;, fq;fh rKj;jpu rq;fkk; vdg; gy ngah;fshy; miof;fg;gLfpwJ. eFyfphpf;F Nkw;Fg; gf;fj;jpNy njw;fpYhWfpd;w Rj;j ePUk;, tlf;fpYs;s cg;G ePUk; fye;J fpof;F Nehf;fpa rpt ïªJ xË

#a tUl« MÅ - Mo

ehtyUk; fPhpkiyr; rptd; NfhapYk;

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eFNy];tuk; Myaj;jpd; tuyhW gw;wp Myaj;jpd; gpujkFU mtUila gtstpoh kyUf;F toq;fpa nrt;tp. eFNy];tuj;jpd; kpf mehjpahd Kjw;Nfhapy; flypy; mkpo;eJ ; tpl;lJ. ,uz;lhtJ Nfhapy; Nghh;jJ ; f;Nfauhy; jiukl;lkhf;fg;gl;lJ. %d;whtJ Nfhapy; <og;Nghhpy; rpijtile;jJ. ,JNt GJg;gpf;fg;gLfpwJ. Kjw; N fhapy; flw; f iuapy; cs; s kiyapd; kPjpUe;jJ. fly;Nfhs; xd;W Vw;gl;lNghJ mf;Nfhapy; flYs; mkpo;e;Jtpl;lJ. mjd; fiuapy; vQ;rpapUe;j kiyapd; Nky; gpw;fhyj;jpy; itj;J tzq;fg;gl;l rptypq;fk; ,g;NghJk; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,g;Nghija Nfzpf;Fg; gf;fj;Nj rilak;kh klg;gf;fj;jpy; mr;rptypq;fk; itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjd; mUNf ed;dPh;r; Rid xd;Wk; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,uz;lhtJ Nfhapy; fp.gp.1621Mk; Mz;L mstpy; Nghh;j;Jf;Nfah; aho;g;ghzj;ijf; ifg;gw;wpa NghJ irthyaq;fs; vy;yhtw;iwAk; jiukl;lkhf mopj; j Ntis eFNy]; t uh; MyaKk; mope; j J. Mq;fpNyah; Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; fp.gp.1878Mk; Mz;by; =y= MWKfehtyh; ngUkhdpd; topfhl; l yhy; vk;kth;fs; %d;whtJ Nfhapiyf; fl;b vOg;gpdhh;fs;. %d;whtJ Nfhapy; 1990Mk; Mz;L mf;Nlhgh; khjk; 16Mk; jpfjp Nfjhu nfshp tpuj tpohtpd; NghJ Mapuf; f zf; f hd gf; j h; f s; nfshpEhy; ngw; W f; nfhz;bUf;Fk; Ntisapy; Nfhapypd; Nky; gy tpkhdf; Fz;Lfs; tPrg;gl;Lf; Nfhapy; mopTf;Fs;shdJ. ïªJ xË

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(ed;wp : <oj;Jr; rpthyaq;fs;) 8

#a tUl« MÅ - Mo

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#a tUl« MÅ - Mo

Nru;e;j rl;lj;juzp jpU.kh.jpahfuh[h Kd;dpiyapy; klj;jpw;Fupa cWjp Kbj;J ifaspj;jdu;. fdT edth tjw;F fhzp fpilj;jJ. klk; fl;Ltjw;F vd;dplk; fhR ,y;iy. rptG+kp mwf;fl;lis vd;Dk; Rikia Rke;Jnfhz;L jphpgtd; ahd;. rptG+kp ghlrhiy> rptG+kp KjpNahh; ,y;yk;> rptG+kp tptrhag; gz;iz vd rptG+kp flikfs; tpupe;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;w NghJ fPupkiyapy; klkh? gzj;jpw;F vd;d nra;tPu; vd rptG+kp epu;thf rigia NrHe;j md;gHfs; vd;id Nehf;fp Nfs;tpfs; njhLj;jdu;. flTs; toptpLthh; vd;W $wpNdd;. mnkupf;fhtpy; thOk; jtj;jpU up~p njhz;Lehjd; Rthkpfs; mtu;fSf;F ,r;nra;jpia njhiyNgrp %yk; $wpNdd;. mtu; cldbahf &gh gj;J ,yl;rk; mDg;gp itj;jhh;. fl;blg; nghwpapayhsu; CnuO rz;Kfehjd; mtu;fis ehbNdd;. Mtzp rJh;j;jp md;W klk; fl;lg;NghFk; fhzpf;Fs; fw;G+ujPgk; Vw;wp Njq;fha; cilj;Njd;. fhtYf;F epd;w flw;gilapdu; Nfs;tpfs; njhLj;jdu;. mDkjpapd;wp vJTk; nra;af;$lhJ vd tpsf;fpdu;. Mtzp khjj;J filrp ed;dhspy; mj;jpthukpl jpl;lkpl;Nld;. ,uh[=. eFNy];tu FUf;fis Mrpu;tjpj;J G+u;thq;f fpupiafis njhlq;fp itf;FkhW Nfl;Lf; nfhz;Nld;. nrg;nuk;gu; khjj;jpy; Ntiyfs; njhlq;fpd. ij khjk; eilngWk; eFNy];tu Fk;ghgpN~fj;jpw;F tUk; mbatu;fSf;F md;djhdk; toq;fNtz;Lnkd Mjq;fg; gl;Nld;. vd; Ntz;Ljiy rptguk; nghUs; jiy Nkw; nfhz;L epiwNtw;wp itj;jhh;. gpukhz;lkhd rptG+kp klk; 28.01.2012 md;W up~p njhz;Lehj Rthkpfs; mtu;fshy; kq;fsfukhf jpwe;J itf;fg;gl;lJ. rptG+kp klj;jpy; VO miwfs;> rikayiw> fsQ;rpa miw> Fspayiw midj;Jk; etPd Kiwapy; mikf;fg; gl;lJ. fz;lth;fs; mjprag;gl;ldu;. ehd;F khj fhyq; fspy; rptG+kp klk; cUg;ngw;;wJ nja;tj; jpUtUshFk;.

Gjpa khbf;fl;blj; jpwg;G tpoh gQ;r <];tuq;fSs; xd;whfTk; tlkhepy kf;fspd; Gz;zpa jykhfTk; rpwg;Gg; ngWk; fPhpkiy eFNy];tu Myaj; J f; F rkP g khf fz; l fp jP h ; j ; j f; f iuapy; mikf; f g; g l; l rptG+kp klk; fle;j khh;r; khjk; 30 Mk; jpfjpad;W jpwe; J itf; f g; g l; l J. fPoj ; j ; sk; kw;Wk; Nky; khb nfhz;ljhd ,e;jg; Gjpa fl;blj;jpd; js kz;lgk; mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wj;jpd; epjpAjtpAlDk;> Nky; khb kz;lgk; khkd;wj;jpd; mwq;fhtyh; rigj; jiyth; kdpjNeakhkzp tp.fapyhrgpsi ; s mth;fsJ FLk;gj;jpdhpd; epjpAjtpAlDk; ephk ; hzpff ; g;gl;Ls;sJ. fPoj ; j ; s kz;lgj;ij khkd;wj; jiyth; jpU.fe;ijah eP y fz; l d; mth; f Sk; > Nky; khb kz; l gj; i j khkd;wj;jpd; mwq;fhtyh; rigj; jiyth; kdpjNeakhkzp tp.fapyhrgpsi ; s jk;gjpapdUk; jpwe;J itj;jhh;fs;. khkd;w cgjiyth; nrQ;nrhw;nry;th; MW.jpUKUfd; jiyikapy; ele;j ,e;j itgtj;jpd; NghJ ey;iy MjPd Kjy;th; =y= NrhkRe;ju Njrpf Qhdrk;ge;j gukhr;rhhpa Rthkpfs;> Md;kf P r; Rlh; hp\p njhz;Lehjd; Rthkpfs;> fPhpkiy eFNy];tu Mya gpujkFU rpt= eFNy];tuf;FUf;fs;> khtpll ; Guk; KUfd; Mya gpujk FU k`huh[= ,uj;jpdrghgjpf; FUf;fs; MfpNahh; MrpAiufs; toq;fpdhh;fs;. khkd;wj; jiyth; jpU. fe;ijah ePyfz;ld; mth;fSk;> kdpjNeakhkzp tp. fapyhrgpsi ; s mth;fSk; rpwg;Giuahw;wpdhh;fs;. md;iwa jpwg;Gtpoh itgtj;jpd; rpwg;G mk;rkhf Jh;ff ; hGu kfsph; ,y;yg; gpsi ; sfs; toq;fpa "ts;sp jpUkzk;" ,ir ehlfKk;> rptG+kp ghlrhiy khzth;fs; toq;fpa fiy epfo;rr; pfSk; ,lk; ngw;wd. js kz;lgkhdJ fiyauq;fk; kw;Wk; etPd trjpfs; nfhz;l gjpndhU miwfSlDk;> Nky; khb kz; l gkhdJ "fapyhrgps; i s Nfhl; l k; " vd;w ngahpy; fiyf;fsQ;rpak; vd;w mikg;gpy; aho;gg; hzj;J gok;ngUk; fiyQh;fspd; Gifg;glq;fs; ghuk;ghpakhf gad;ghl;bypUe;j gpj;jisg; ghj;jpuq;fs; kw; W k; kz; z hyhd rl; b ghidfs; Nghd; w nrQ; n rhw; n ry; t h; MW. jpUKUfd; mth; f sJ Nrfhpg;Gf;fs; cs;slf;fpajhfTk; mike;Js;sJ. fPhpkiyapy; rptG+kp mwf;fl;lisapduhy; 2012 Mk; Mz;by; mikf;fg;gl;l rptG+kp klj;Jld; ,ize;j tifapy; ,e;jg; Gjpa khbf;fl;blKk; mike;jpUg;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

rptG+kp klj;jpd; tstpy; mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wj;jpd; Mjutpy; ,Ukhb fl;blk;. rptG+kp klj;jpd; Jupj tsHr;rpf;F mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk; msg;gupa njhz;L nra;Js;sJ.rptG+kp mwf;fl;lisapd; Ntz;LjYf;fika ,e;J khkd;wj;jpd; Kfhikg; Nguit fPupkiyapy; Gjpa khbf; fl;blj;ij fl;Ltjw;F mq;fPfhuk; toq;fpapUe;jJ. khkd;wj;jpd; nfsut jiytu;> kdpjNeaH jpU. tp. fapyhrgps;is jk;gjpfSk; nfsut nrayhsh; gpugy rl;lj;juzp jpU.fe;ijah ePyfz;ld; mth;fSk; nghUshsu; jpU. Nt.fe;jrhkp(fzf;fhsH) mtu;fSk; cgjiytu; jpU rp.mUshde;jk;> cgjiytu; jtNahfuhrh jk;gjpfSk; fPupkiyf;F Neupy; tUif je;J ,e;J khkd;w fl;bl Ntiyfis Muk;gpf;f Mjutspj;jdh;. rptG+kp klj;Jf;F mUfpy; mbath;fs; jq;fpr; nry;tjw;fhd ,Ukhbf; fl;blq;fs;> etPd trjpfisf; nfhz;l miwfs; midj;Jk; cs;slq;fpa gpukhz;lkhd fl;blj;njhFjp mikf;fg;gl;lJ. ,iwaUshYk; nghpath;fspd; MrpahYk; fPhpkiyapy; rptg;gzp rptG+kp vd;w ehkj;NjhL njhlh;fpwJ. (ed;wp : eFyehjk; - 2012) ïªJ xË

#a tUl« MÅ - Mo

Kj;jkpo; tpj;jfh; Rthkp tpGyhde;jh; - xU tuyhw;Wg; gjpT m. fdf#hpah;

irtKk; jkpOk; rpwg;ghd tsh;r;rp ngWtjw;F

,yq;ifapy; jkpo;nkhopiag; Nghw;wp tsh;f;f Xh; mikg;G ,y;yhjijf; fz;L, jkpo;nkhopapd; tsh;r;rpf;fhf mwpQh;fs; gyiuAk; fye;J MNyhrpj;J jdJ mauhj Kaw; r papd; gadhf “aho; g ; g hzk; Mhpa jpuhtpl gh\h mgptpUj;jpr; rq;fk;” vd;wnjhU fofj;ij mikj;J jkpio tsh;f;fyhdhh;. ,e;j rq;fj;jpd; %yk; gpuNtrg; gz;bjh;, ghy gz;bjh;, gz;bjh; Mfpa %d;W Njh;Tfis Vw;gLj;jpdhh;. ,tuJ ,e;j Kaw;rp, vj;jidNah gz;bjkzpfis ehl;bw;F mspg;gjw;F NgUjtpahf ,Ue;Js;sJ. 1922Mk; Mz;L ,tuJ tho;f;ifapy; xU jpUg;gk; Vw;gl;lJ vd;W nrhy;yyhk;. mjpgh; gjtpiaj; Jwe;J, nrd;id kapyhg;g+hpYs;s ,uhkfpU\;z kp\dpy; Nrh;eJ ; gpukr;rhpa jPli ; riaAk;, re;epahr jPli ; riaAk; ngw;whh;. ,tUf;F mq;F “gpuNghjirjd;ah;” vd;w jPlr ; h ehkk; toq;fg;gl;lJ. nrd;idapypUe;j fhyj;jpy; gy;NtWgl;l jkpo;, ,yf;fpag; gzpfspy; <Lgl;lhh;. nrd;id kapyhg;g+h; ,uhkfpU\; z kp\d; ntspapl; l “,uhkfpU\; z tp[ak;” vd;w jkpo; rQ;rpiff;Fk;, “Ntjhe;j Nfrhp” vd;w Mq;fpy rQ;rpiff;Fk; MrphpauhftpUe;jhh;. ,e;j fhyfl;lj;jpy; lhf;lh; c.Nt.rhkpehj Iah;, jkpo;f;fly; jpU.tp.fy;ahzRe;judhh; Nghd;w ngUk; jkpo; mwpQh;fspd; el;Gk; fpilj;jJ. ,f;fhyj;jpy; kJiu jkpo;r; rq;fj;jpd; tpohf;fspy; fye;J nfhz;L gy ,yf;fpa Ma;Tiufis epfo;jj ; pdhh;. kJiu jkpo;r; rq;fk; elj;jpa gz;bjh; ghPl;irapd; ghPl;rfuhfTk; gzpahw;wpdhh;. jkpo;r; rq;f ntspaPlhd “nre;jkpo;” vd; w rQ; r pifapy; gy ,yf; f paf; fl; L iufis njhlh;e;J vOjpte;jhh;. Jwtwj;Jf;Fhpa flikfis xOq;fhfg; g+h;j;jp nra;jpUe;j gpuNghjirjd;aUf;F 1924Mk; Mz;L rpj; j piu khjk; ngsh; z kp jpdj; j py; kapyhg; g +h; ,uhkfpU\; z kp\d; jiytuhftpUe; j Rthkp rpthde;juhy; “Rthkp tpGyhde;jh;” vd;w Jwtwg; ngah; toq;fg;gl;lJ. 1925Mk; Mz;L Rthkp tpGyhde;jh; jhafk; jpUk;gp rka r%fg; gzpfis Nkw;nfhz;lhh;. ,yq;ifapYs;s ,uhkfpU\; z kp\d; ghlrhiyfis guhkhpf; F k; Kfhikahsuhdhh;. kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;lj;jpy; gy ghlrhiyfis epWtpAs;sik Rthkpfspd; r%f, fy;tpg; gzpf;F rpwg;ghd vLj;Jf;fhl;lhFk;. fy;tpapd; %yNk r%fj;jpy; tpopg;Gzh;it Vw;gLj;j KbAk; vd;gjpy; Rthkpfs; mirahj ek;gpf;if nfhz;bUe;jhh;.

ngUk; njhz; l hw; w pa <oj; J jkpo; mwpQh; f Ss; Kf;fpakhff; Fwpg;gpl Ntz;bath; Rthkp tpGyhde;jh; mth;fs;. kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;lj;jpd; fhiujPT vd;w rpw;W}hpy; 1892Mk; Mz;L khh;r; khjk; 27Mk; jpfjp rhkpj;jk;gp fz;zk;ikahh; jk;gjpapdUf;F Gjy;tdhf mtjhpj;j ,tuJ ,aw;ngah; kapy;thfdk; vd;gjhFk;. rpd;dQ;rpW tajpNyNa fy;tp fw;gjpy; Mh;tkpff ; tuhf tpsq;fpa ,th; jkpo;nkhopkPJ itj;jpUe;j mstpyhj gw;Wk;, ghrKk; fhuzkhf goe;jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fisAk; gbj;J mwptjpy; fhyj;ijr; nrytpl;lhh;. ,Jtp\ aj;jpy; ,tuJ ngw;NwhUk; Mrphpah;fSk; nghpJk; JizGhpe;jdh;. ,th; “ed;Dhy;” vd;w goe;jkpo; Ehiyf; fw;Fk;NghJ nra;As;fspd; jd;ikfis czuyhdhh;. ,jdhy;, jdJ gd;dpuz;lhtJ tajpNyNa, jhkhfNt nra; A s; ,aw; W k; jpwikiag; ngw; w hh; . gpwhpd; Jizapd;wp mzp ahg;G tiffisAk; fw;whh;. ,th; jdJ gj;jhtJ tajpypUe;Nj Mq;fpyj;ijAk; fw; f Muk; g pj; j hh; . ,jw; f hf 1902Mk; Mz; b y; fy;Kid nkjb];j fy;Yhhpapy; Nrh;ff ; g;gl;lhh;. ehd;F Mz;Lfspd; gpd;dh;, kl;lf;fsg;G Gdpj ikf;fy; fy;Yhhpapy; cah;fy;tpiaj; njhlh;ej ; hh;. Nfk;gpwpl;[; [_ dpah;, Nfk;gpwpl;[; rPdpah; ghPli ; rfspy; rpj;jpaile;jijj; njhlh;e;J, 1911Mk; Mz;L nfhOk;G murpdh; Mrphpa fyhrhiyapy; Nrh;e;J nfhz;lhh;. kWtUlk; (1912) Mrphpa fyhrhiyg; ghPl;irapy; rpj;jpaile;jijj; njhlh;e;J kl;lf;fsg;G Gdpj ikf;fy; fy;Yhhpapy; ,uz;L tUlfhyk; Mrphpauhfg; gzpahw;wpdhh;. ,th; nkhop, ,yf;fpaj; Jiwfspy; kl;Lky;y, tpQ;Qhdj; JiwapYk; jdJ jpwikia ntspg; g Lj; j papUg; g J rpwg; g hff; Fwpg; g plj; j f; f J. 1915Mk; Mz; L nfhOk; G murpdh; nghwpapaw; fy;Yhhpapy; Nrh;e;J fy;tp gapd;W, 1916Mk; Mz;L nghwpapay; bg;Nshkh ghPl;irapy; rpj;jpaile;jhh;. tpQ;Qhdf; fy;tpia Mq;fpyj;jpy; fw;whYk;, jkpo; nkhopapd; ,yf;fz, ,yf;fpaq;fis NkYk; fw;wwptjpy; Vw;gl;bUe;j Mh;tj;ij mth; iftpltpy;iy. 1916Mk; Mz;L kJiu jkpo;r; rq;fk; elj;jpa Njh;tpy; Kjd;ikahf Njh;r;rpaile;J gz;bjh; gl;lj;ijAk; ngw;whh;. ,jdhy;, ,yq;ifapypUe;J ,g;gl;lj;ij Kjd;Kjyhfg; ngw;wth; vd;w ngUikf;Fhpatuhdhh;. 1917Mk; Mz;bypUe;J aho;g;ghzk; nrd;.gw;wpf;]; fy;Yhhpapy; tpQ;Qhd Mrphpauhff; flikahw;wpdhh;. ,jidj; njhlh;e;J 1920Mk; Mz;L khdpg;gha; ,e;Jf; fy;Yhhpapd; mjpgh; gjtpia Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhh;. ïªJ xË

#a tUl« MÅ - Mo

,ay; , ,ir, ehlfk; vDk; Kj; j kpiof; fw;Wzh;eJ ; , mtw;wpd; jdpj;Jtj;ijAk; rpwg;Gf;fisAk; ntspg; g Lj; j pajd; thapyhf Mw; w pa ew; g zpapd; fhuzkhf “Kj;jkpo; tpj;jfh;” vd;W vy;NyhuhYk; miof;fg;gl;l Rthkp tpGyhde;jh; fl;Liufs;, ghly;fs; mlq; f pa gy Ehy; f is vOjp ntspapl; L s; s hh; . ,tw;Ws; xd;Wjhd; kJiu jkpo;r; rq;f ntspaPlhf te;Js;s “kjq;f #shkzp” vd;w ehlf EhyhFk;. irtrkaj; jj;Jtq;fspy; Mo;ej ; GyikAk;, njspe;j mwpTk; ngw;wpUe;j Rthkpfs;, jdJ rkar; rpe;jidfisg; gy fl;Liufs;, Ehy;fs; thapyhf tbj;Js;shh;. eluhr tbtk;, jpy;iyj; jpUeldk; Nghd;w Ehy;fs; mtuJ rkar; rpe;jidfis ntspg;gLj;Jtdthf mike;jpUg;gJ rpwg;ghf Nehf;fj;jf;fJ. ,it jtpu, mth; ,aw;wpa fNzr Njhj;jpu gQ;rfk;, fjpiuak;gjp khzpf;fg;gps;isahh; ,ul;il kzpkhiy, FkuNts;, etkzpkhiy, fq;ifapy; tpLj;j Xiy, kfhy\;kp Njhj;jpuk;, <rd; ctf;Fk; ,d;gkyh; Nghd;w ftpijfs; ,iwgf;jpf;Fr; rhd;whf tpsq;Ffpd;wd. vk;kjKk; rk;kjk; vd;w cah;e;j fUj;Jf;fika Rthkpfs; midj;J rkaq;fisAk; kjpj;J mtw;wpd; rpwg;Gf;fis jdJ Mf;fq;fs; thapyhf ntspg;gLj;jpapUg;gijAk; rpwg;ghff; Fwpg;gplyhk;. Rthkp tpGyhde;jhpd; jkpo;j; njhz;lhy; jiy rpwe;J tpsq;FtJ mtUila “aho;E}y;” Muha;r;rpahFk;. Rthkpfs; gjpide;J Mz;Lfhyk; Muha;eJ ; fz;Lzh;ej ; aho;Ehypid 1947Mk; Mz;L Nk khjk; jpUf;nfhs;sk; GJhh; jpUf;Nfhapypy; muq;Nfw;wpdhh;. aho;E}y; muq;Nfw;wj;Jf;Fg; gpd;dh; ehL jpUk;gpa Rthkp tpGyhde; j h; RftP d kile; J nfhOk; g py; rpfpr;irngWk; Ntisapy;, mNj Mz;L [_iy khjk; 19Mk; jpfjp ,iwtdb Nrh;e;jhh;. Rthkp tpGyhde;jh; kiwe;J miu Ehw;whz;L fhyj;jpw;Fk; Nkyhfp tpl;l NghjpYk; mtuJ fy;tpg; gzpAk;, mth; tpl;Lr; nrd;w vOj;Jr; nry;tq;fSk; ,d;Wk; mtiu epidTgLj;jpf; nfhz;NlapUf;fpd;wd. mtuJ rka jkpo; g ; gzpAk; , mth; cUthf; fpa jhgdq;fSk; fhyj;jhy; mopahjit.

=y= MWKfehtyh; irtKk; jkpOk; jioj;Njhq;f ngUk; gzpahw;wpaJNghyNt Rthkp tpGyhde;jUk; kl;lf;fsg;G, aho;g;ghz khtl;lq;fspy; kl;Lkd;wp kiyafg; gFjpfSf;Fk; nrd;W irtKk;, jkpOk; tsUk; tifapy; Mw;wpa Nritfis tuyhw;Wg; gjpTfs; rpwg;ghf vLj;Jr; nrhy;Yfpd;wd. kl;lf;fsg;G efuj;jpy; Mq;fpyf; fy;tpia tsh;f;f rpy fy;Yhhpfs; ,Ue;jNghjpYk;, irtrkaj;jth;fs; mjpfkhf thOk; mq;F irtrka newpfisg; gug;Gtjw;F Mq;fpyf; fy;Yhhpnahd;W ,y;yhjJ RthkpfSf;F xU ngUk; Fiwahfj; njhpe;jJ. kl;lf;fsg;gpy; mg;nghOJ fy;Yhhp Muk;gpf;ff;$ba ,ltrjp ,y; y hjjpdhy; , rpwpJ njhiytpypUe; j fy;yb - cg;Nghil vd;w Chpy; fhlhff; fple;j xU ,lj;ij njhpT nra;J, gyuJ cjtpfisg; ngw;W, fy;Yhhp epWTk; gzpapidj; njhlq;fpdhh;. 1929Mk; Mz;L Nk khjj;jpy; fy;Yhhp ,aq;fj; njhlq;fpaJ. “rpthde; j tpj; j pahyak; ” vd; w ngaiu ,e; j f; fy;Yhhpf;Fr; #l;bajd; %yk;, Rthkp tpGyhde;jh; jdJ FUkPJ itj;jpUe;j gf;jpapd; rpwg;ig ed;F njhpe;J nfhs;sKbfpwJ. 1931Mk; Mz;L nrd;id rpjk;guj;jpYs;s mz;zh kiyg; gy;fiyf; fofj;jpd; jkpo;g; Nguhrphpauhfg; gjtpNaw;wjd; %yk;, jkpo;ehl;bd; KjyhtJ jkpo;g; Nguhrphpah; vd;w ngUikia ekJ ehl;ilr; Nrh;e;j Rthkp tpGyhde;jh; ngw;wpUf;fpwhh;. ,kakiyr; rhuypYs;s ,uhkfpU\;z kp\d; ntspapl;l “gpuGj;jghuj” vd;w Mq;fpy khj ,jopd; Mrphpauhf rpy fhyk; rpwg;ghd Nritahw;wpapUf;fpwhh;. ,e;j ,jopy; jkpo;nkhopapd; rpwg;Gg; gw;wpAk;, jkpo;g; gz;ghl;bd; cah;T gw;wpAk;, irtrka jj;Jtq;fisg; gw;wpAk; gy fl;Liufis vOjpapUf;fpwhh;. 1943Mk; Mz;L ,yq;ifg; gy;fiyf; fofj;jpd; KjyhtJ jkpo;Jiwg; Nguhrphpauhfg; gjtpNaw;whh;. mj;Jld; fy;tpg; gFjp ghlEhw;rig, Njh;T rig, fy;tp Muha;r;rp rig Mfpatw;wpd; nfsut cWg;gpduhfTk; jpfo; e ; j hh; . ghlrhiyfspy; irtrkak; gbg; g pf; f Ntz;Lk; vd;w jpl;lk; Vw;gl;lNghJ, rkaj;jpw;fhf xU jpl;lj;ij Rthkpfs; tFj;Jf; nfhLj;jhh;.

ahœ ÑÇkiy òÅj óÄÆš khk‹w« el¤J« Ú¤jh® Ãidîâd Ãfœî m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w¤âš ïizªâUªJ mj‹ ts®¢á¡fhf ms¥gÇa gÂfis¢ brŒJ mku¤Jtkilªj K‹ndh®fis e‹¿ kwthJ ÃidîTU« Ãfœit Mo mkhthir âdkhd #]iy 26 M« âfâ fhiy ÑÇkiy òÅj óÄÆš khk‹w« V‰ghL brŒJ el¤J»wJ. ïªj ÃfœÉ‹nghJ mku¤Jtkilªjt®fË‹ ã‹DÇ¤jhs®fŸ <if¢Rlnu‰¿ mŠrÈ brŒtj‰fhd xG§Ffis khk‹w« nk‰bfh©oU¥gJl‹, ÑÇkiy fl‰fiuÆš ãâ® j®¥gz« brŒa ÉU«òt®fŸ mt‰iw Ãiwnt‰¿¡ bfhŸtj‰fhd V‰ghLfS« brŒa¥g£LŸsd. ïªJ xË

#a tUl« MÅ - Mo

Rthkp tpGyhde;jhpd; fy;tpg;gzp irtg;Gyth; ghyd; Rjhfud; rkd;gpl;b> nghydWit

fy;tpiaf; fz;lhh;. rkaf;fy;tp tpQ;Qhdf;fy;tp ngz; fy;tp mofpaw;fy;tp clw;fy;tp nkhopf;fy;tp gy;fiyf;foff; fy;tp vdg; gy tplaq;fisg;gw;wp mth; njspthf tpsf;fpdhh;. tho; e hs; KOtJk; fy; t pia xUtd; njhlu Ntz; L k; vd; W rpe; j idj; njspitAk; thf; F j; njspitAk; tsh;j; Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; fw;wtw;iw gpwNuhL gfph;e;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; mth; typAWj;jpdhh;. cz;ikahd xU fy;tpkhd; kdpjh; kj;jpapy; Xh; ,sturidg; Nghy; tpsq;Fthd; vd;Wk; nry;Ykplnky;yhk; typikiaAk; Jha;ikAk; mtd; gutr; nra;thd; vd;Wk;> ed;ikapd; rf;jpahf mtd; tpsq; F thd; vd; W k; Rthkp tpGyhde; j h; $wpdhh;. 'ahJk; CNu ahtUk; Nfsph;" vd;W ghba Gyth; fzpad; G+q;Fd;wd; mth;fis cz;ikahd xU fy;tpkhd; vdg; Nghw;wpAs;sjpypUe;J 'fy;tpkhd;" gw;wpa mtuJ fzpg;gpid mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;. 'kd;Dapuidj;ijAk; jd;Daph; Nghyf; fUJfpd;w ew;Fzj;ij ,sk; guhaj;jpNyNa epiyngwr;nra;a Ntz;Lk;" vd;W Rthkp tpGyhde;jh; rpWth; fy;tp gw;wp kpFe;j mf;fiw nrYj;jpdhh;. gapw;rp ngw;w xU Mrphpauhf ,Ue;j NghJ 1914 ,y; kl;lf;fsg;G Gdpj ikf;Nfy; fy;Yhhp Mz;L kyhpy; mth; Mq;fpyj;jpy; vOjpa Kjy; fl;Liuapy; Muk;gf;fy;tp Kf;fpaj;Jtk; gw;wpAk;> Foe;ijfspd; ,ay;Gfis ghpNthL Ghpe;J nfhz;L Mrphpah;fs; mth;fis vt;thW newpg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ gw;wpAk;> MNuhf;fpaKk; cw;rhfKk; mspf;Fk; ,jkhd #oypd; Njit gw;wpAk;> nkhopf;fy;tp xOf;ff;fy;tp rkaf;fy;tp Mfpatw;wpd; ,d;wpaikahik gw;wpAk; njspthff; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;. gps;isfSf;F ,irthd #oypy; kpFe;j ghpthL fy;tp Cl;lg;gl Ntz;Lk; Rthkp tpGyhde;jh; fUjpdhh;. fy;tpapd; thapyhf kdpjh;fis cUthf;Fk; gzpapy; Xh; Mrphpah; ngWk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; Fwpj;Jk; mtUf;F ,Uf;f Ntz;ba Mw;wy;fs; gz;Gfs; Fwpj;Jk; Rthkpfs; gy re;jh;gg ; q;fspy; $wpAs;shh;. 'vijf;fw;gpf;fpd;whh;fs; vd;gJ vt;tsT Kf;fpaNkh mt;tsT Kf;fpak; Xh; Mrphpah;; vt;thW fw;gpf;fpwhh; vd;gJkhFk;" vd;W mth; typAWj;jpdhh;. Rthkp tpGyhde;jh; jha;nkhop %ykhd fy;tpia tw;GWj;jpaikf;fhd Kf;fpa fhuzq;fs; ,uz;L. xd;W fw;gthpd; Rarpe;jid tsh;r;rpf;F mJ $ba mD$ykhf mikAk; kw;iwaJ mtdJ r%fk; mjdhy; $ba gaidg; ngwf;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk; vd;gjhFk;. ghlrhiyfspYk; gy;fiyf;fofq;fspYk; jha;nkhopNa

‘’md;dahtpDk; Gz;zpak; Nfhb Mq;Nfhh; Viof;F vOj;jwptpj;jy;’’ vDk; ghujpahhpd; ‘’gh’’thpfSf;Nfw;gTk;> ‘’Njhd;wpw; GfNohL Njhd;Wf m/jpyhh; Njhd;wypw; Njhd;whik ed;W’’ vd;Dk; ts;Sth; thf;Ff;F mikaTk; jkpozq;F ngw;w jtg;Gjy;tUs; xUtuhf Kw;wpa Jwtpahf Kj;jkpo; tpj;jfdhf JwTf;F GjpanjhU ghpkhzq;fz;L kdpj Neaj;Jld; tho;e;J te;j ngUe;jif Rthkp tpGyhde;j mbfs; jd;dyk; rpwpJkpd;wp jkpopdj;jpd; Nkk;ghl;Lf;fhfg; gzpfs; gy Mw;wpa ngUikf;Fhpath; vkJ jkpo;j;Jwtp tpGyhde;j mbfs;. jw;gw;wpd;wp jkpo;g;gw;Wld; Jyq;fpa jkpo;j;JwT xd;W ,sq;Nfhtbfs; njhlf;fk; ehtyh; tpGyhde;jh; jdpehaf mbfs; gz;bjkzp tiu tsh;eJ ; te;jikia ehk; mwpa Kbfpd;wJ. jkpo;g;gzpAk; fy;tpg;gzpAk; ,e;JwTg; gzpfspy; xd;iwnahd;W gphpf;fKbahjthW ,ize;J tsh;e;Js;sd. 1916 ,y; tpQ; Q hd bg; N shkhTld; kJiur; jkpo; r ; r q; f gz; b j ghP l ; i rapYk; rpj; j p ngw; w tpGyhde;jh; Ntjhe;jk; irt rpj;jhe;jk; nkQ;Qhdk; iftug;ngw;wth; Kj;jkpohk; ,ay; ,ir ehlfk; %d;wpd; jpwd; czh;ej ; th; Nkw;fj;jpa cyfpy; fy;tp newpiaAk; Md;w Nehf;fpy; czh;e;J Gjpa fy;tp newp fz;lth;. gpNsl;Nlh> &Nrh> fhh;y; khf;]; fhe;jpabfs;> Rthkp tpNtfhee;jh; Nghd;Nwhhpd; fy;tpr; rpe;jidfSf;F xg;g Rthkp tpGyhde;jhpd; fy;tpr; rpe;jidfSk; ,d;iwa epiyikfSf;F nghUe;JtdthfTk; cs;sd. ehl;bd; gy gFjpfspy; MrphpauhfTk; ,uhkfpU\;z rq; f f; f y; t p epiyaq; f spy; KfhikahsuhfTk; > mz; z hkiyg; gy; f iyf; f ofj; j pdJk; ,yq; i fg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpdJk; Kjw;jkpo; NguhrphpauhfTk;> fy;tp Ma;Tf;FO ghltpjhd rig ghPl;irr;rig Nghd;wtw;wpd; cWg;gpduhfTk; tpsq;fp tpGyhde;jh; fy;tpj;Jiwapy; Mw;wpa gzpfs; msg;ghpadthFk;. MSikAk; ey;nyhOf;fKk; kdtypikAk; jd;dk;gpf;ifiaAk; tsh;g;gJ fy;tp vd;W Rthkp tpNtfhde;jh; $wpdhh;. mtuJ topia filg;gpbj;j Rthkp tpGyhde;j mbfs; tho;f;ifapd; mh;j;jj;ij mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;Fk; cs;sj;ijAk; cliyAk; MNuhf;fpakhf itj;jpUg;gjw;Fk; r%fj;NjhL nghUe;jp tho;tjw;Fk; xOf;fj;ij tpUj;jp nra;tjw;Fk; rkur rkj; J t czh; t pid tsh; g ; g jw; F k; cjTtjhf ïªJ xË

#a tUl« MÅ - Mo

mofpaw; fy;tp vd;gJ Rthkp tpGyhee;jh; mbfshh; fUj; j hFk; gy Mz; L fshf ,ir Muha; r ; r papy; <Lgl;ljd; tpisthf aho; E}y;> kjq;f #shkzp vd; D k; ehlfj; jkpo; E}y; f is cUthf; f pdhh; . ,J mbfshhpd; mofpaw; fy;tpg; Gyikf;F rpwe;j vLj;Jf;fhl;lhFk;. ,t;tpU Ehy;fSk; mfpy cyfk; Nghw;Wk; Ehy;fshf rpwg;Gg; ngw;Ws;sd. ‘cs;sf; fkykb cj;jkdhh; Ntz;LtJ’ vd;gJ Rthkp tpGyhee;jhpd; Kj;jhd nkhopahFk;. cly; nraw;ghL rlq;F midj;ijAk; Nktp csr;nraw;ghl;bd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij Rthkp tpGyhde;jh; mth;fs; vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpwhh;. ,f;fUj;J Rthkp tpGyhde;jh; mth;fspd; cstpaw; rpe;jidf;Fr; rhd;W. fy;tp kf;fis Nritf;F nfhz;L nry;y Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; ,jdhy; fw;Nwhh; rKjhaNk rhd;Nwhh; rKjhak; vd; g Jk; Rthkp tpGyhde; j hpd; rP h pa fUj; j hFk; . Rthkp tpGyhde; j hpd; xt; n thU fUj; J f; f Sk; MokhditahfTk; jP h ; f ; f jhprdkpf; f jhfTk; mike;Js;sd. jw;NghJ gutyhfg; Ngrg;gLfpd; w fy;tp chpikfs; rk tha;g;Gf;fs; Ra nkhopf;fy;tp njhopEl;gf; fy;tp vd;git gw;wp vy;yhk; Rthkp tpGyhee;jh; mth;fs; gy tUlq;fSf;F Kd;dNu $wptpl; l hh; fs; . jw; NghJ eilKiwapYs; s Gjpa fy; t pr; r P h ; j pUj; j j; j pYs; s mbg; g ilahd Ie; J jpwd;fis gw;wpAk; Rthkp tpGyhde;jh; mth;fs; Kd;dNu rpe;jpj;J tpl;lhh;fs;. Rthkp tpGyhde;jh; mth;fSf;F vy;yhj;JiwfspYk; ty;yik ,Ue;jJ.jkpo; Mq;fpy nkhop ,uz;bYk; ghz;bj;jpak; ngw;wpUe;jhh;. fzpjk; tpQ;Qhdk; fiy Mfpa vy;yhj;JiwfspYk; NtW xUtuhy; ,t;thW Gyik ngw KbahJ vd;why; mJ kpifahfhJ. tpj;jfh; vd;gJ Rthkpapd; Gyikf;F xU ghprhFk;. fy;tpg; gzpf;Nf jk;ik KOikahf mh;gg ; zpj;jth; Rthkp tpGyhde;jh;. fy;tpg;gzp nra;jhh;. flTs; gzp nra;jhh; vd;gjw;fpzq;f Rthkp tpGyhde;jh; mth;fs; jkpo; cyfk; cs;stiu tho;e;J nfhz;Nl ,Ug;ghh;.

Nghjidnkhopahf ,Uf; f Ntz; L k; vd; g jid typAWj;jpdhh;. Xhpdj;jpd; nkhop; jtph;e;j Ntw;W nkhopapy; fy;tp gapYjy; mt;tpdj;jpd; fyhrhuj;ijAk; fy;tp KiwiaAk; kOq;fbf;Fk; nrayhFk; vd;w rpe;jidia Kd;itj;J tpQ;Qhdk; fzpjk; Nghd;w ghlq;fisj; jkpo; nkhopapy; Nghjpg;gjw;F Ntz;ba jkpo; r ; nrhw; f is Mf; F k; gzpfspYk; Mq; f py Ehy;fis nkhop ngah;g;G nra;tjpYk; Kd;dpd;W cioj;jhh;.nrd;id gr;irag;gd; fy;Yhhpapy; ,lk; ngw; w fiyr; nrhy; y hf; F mKyhf; f y; FOtpd; jiytuhf mth; tpsq;fpaik ,jw;Fr; rhd;whFk;. 1922 ,y; nrd;id kapyhg;G+hpy; ,Ue;j ,uhkfpU\;z rq;fj;jpy; Nrh;eJ ; gapw;rp ngw;w Rthkp tpGyhde;jh; JwT G+Ztjw;F Kd;dh; aho; nrd; gw;wpf;]; fy;Yhhpapy; MrphpauhfTk; khdpg;gha; ,e;Jf; fy;Yhhpapy; mjpguhfTk; gzpahw;wpdhh;. ,f;fhyj;jpy; aho;g;ghzj;jpy; gpugy;ak; tha;e;j Njrpa kWkyh;r;rpf;fofkhf aho;g;ghzk; ,isQh; fhq;fpu]; tpsq;fpaJ.,r;rq;r nraw;ghl;bw;F Rthkp tpGyhee;jh; mauhJ cioj;jhh;. ,jDhlhf ehl;bw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd fy;tpr; rpe;jidfisAk; Nfhl;ghLfisAk; cUthf;fp mf;fhy Mq;fpy murpw;F mwpf;if rkh;g;gpj;jhh;. 1925 ,y; ,uhkfpU\;z rq;fg; ghlrhiyfis ghpghypf;Fk; nghWg;ig Vw;w mbfshh;> 1926 ,y; aho; g ; g hzj; j py; mdhij ,y; y j; i j Muk; g pj; J mdhijr; rpWth;fSf;F fy;tp tha;g;ig Vw;;gLj;jpf; nfhLj; j hh; . 1929 ,y; kl; l f; f sg; G rpthde; j h tpj;jpahyaj;ij ];jhgpj;J ViofSf;fhd fy;tp tha;g;gpid NkYk; tphpTgLj;jpdhh;. 1943 ,y; ,yq;ifg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; Kjy; jkpo; Nguhrphpauhf MdJk; mJtiu jkpo; nkhopg;ghlj;ij Mq;fpy nkhop %yk; gapd;W ghPl;irf;F Njhw;wpa epiyia khw; w p jkpo; n khopapNy gapd; W jkpo; nkhopapNyNa ghPl;ir vOj top nra;jhh;. ,ay; ,ir ehlfk; Nghd;w mofpaw; fy;tpia ghlrhiyg; ghlj; j pl; l j; j py; Nrh; j ; J f; nfhs; s Ntz; b ajd; mtrpaj;ij czh;jj ; p cs;s cah;Tf;F top rikg;gJ

ahœ efÇš RthÄ Éòyhdªj®

Ãidî âd«

»H¡»y§if jªj nguhrh‹ - K¤jÄœ É¤jf® RthÄ Éòyhdªj® Ãidîâd« ï«khj« (#]iy) 19 M« âfâahF«. m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w«, k£l¡fs¥ò kht£l ïªJ ïisP® nguitíl‹ ïizªJ V‰ghL brŒJŸs RthÄ Éòyhdªj® Ãidîâd itgt« ï«khj« 27 M« âfâa‹W khiy khk‹w ahœ gÂkidÆš eilbgwÉU¡»wJ. ïªJ xË

#a tUl« MÅ - Mo

Rthkp tpGyhde;jhpd; ø nrOq;fiy epakKk; tlnkhopf;fy;tpAk;   irttpj;jfh; ntw;wpNty; rrpfud; te;jhW%iy> kl;lf;fsg;G.

,ay;tha;e;j nkhopfs; gytw;iwAk; Xtpak; rpw;gk; vd;wpj;jifa moFf;fiyfisAk; jd;Ds;slf;fp elf;fpd;wJ. tPlL ; E}yhdJ nja;tE}y; (Divinity Theology) vd;Dk; ngaNuhL Nkw;wpirr; nrOq;fiy epakq;fs; rpytw;wpy; fpwp];jt kjj;jpd; Mjhu cz;ikfis tpsf;fp epw;fpd;wJ. ,ay;tha;e;j nkhopfs; ,d;gE}w;ghy; vd NkNy Fwpg; g pl; N lhk; . ,f; f hyj; j py; cyf tof; f pYs; s nrt;tpa nkhopfs; gyTs;sd. nghJkf;fspilNa tof;fw;wjhf fhzg;gbDk; mwpQh; mitf;fsj;Nj epiyngw;W epw;gdtha; goikAk; nrOikAk; tha;e;j nrk;nkhopfSs; rpyTs;sd. “nrt;tpa kJuQ; Nrhh;ej ; ew; nghUspw; rPhpa $hpa jPQ;nrhy; tt;tpa ftpQh; tFj;j fhtpaq;fs; ehw;nghUSk; gaf;Fk; eyDilait” Mjypdhy; mj;jifa fhtpaq;fisAila nkhopfs; fiykhr;nry;tj;ij jpul;b itj;j fUT+yq;fshf kpsph;fpd;wd. gz;ilf;fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;j atdhh; toq;fpa fpNuf;f nkhopAk; cNuhkh; toq;fpa ,yj;jPd; nkhopAk; Nkd;dhl;L ehfhPfj;jpw;F mbg;gilahfpa fUj;Jf;fis jk; k fj; N j mlf; f p epw; g NjhL> ,f; f hyj; j py; Nky;ehl;by; toq;Fk; nkhopfspd; ,yf;fz mikjpf;Fk; nkhoptsj;jpw;Fk; fUtpahfpAk; epw;gd MjypdhNy Nkdhl;bYs;s nrOq;fiy epakq;fspy; ,t;tpU gioa nkhopfSk; nghpJk; tpUk;gpf; fw;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. rk];fpUjKk; gpuhfpUjkhfpa ghspAk; ,e;ehl;L kf;fs; tpUk;gpf; fw;ff;$ba gioa nkhopfshk;. Nkdhl;L khzth; fy;tp epuk;Gjw;F vt;thW ,yj;jPd; fpNuf;F Kjypa gioa nkhopfis gapd;W nfhs;fpd;whh;fNsh mt; t hNw ,e; e hl; L khzth; f s; rk]; f pUjk; ghsp vd; D k; gioa nkhopfis gapYjw; F hpah; . <oehl;bw; gutpAs;s ehfhPfj;jpw;F mbg;gilahfpa jkpo; rpq; f s nkhopfspd; ,yf; f ztikjpf; F k; tsj;jpw;Fk; fUtpahfp epw;gd ,k;nkhopfNs. jkpo; vOj;jhuhl;rpAk; nrhy;yhuhl;rpAk; nra;jw;F tlnkhop mwpT ,d; w paikahjjhf Ntz; l g; g Lfpd; w ik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. fht;ahjh;rdk; vd;Dk; tlnkhop myq;fhu E}ypd; nkhopngah;gN ; g jkpo;jj ; z;bayq;fhuk; vd mwpag;gl;bUe;jJ. mzpapyf;fz Muha;r;rpf;F tlnkhopawpT Ntz; l g; g Ltnjd; g J njspthfg; Gydhfpd; w J. tlnkhop tpUj; j tpfw; g q; f s; gy jkpopy; tUtjdhy; ahg; g huhl; r pf; F k; tlnkhop ,d; w paikahjjhFk; . nghUshuhl; r pf; F tlnkhop khj;jpuk; md;wp gpwnkhopAk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;ej ; jhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

,irapil EZfp aha;e;J ,ir ngW aho;E}y; ahj;J ,irj;jkp ohrh dhfp ,d;fiyf; fofe; jd;dpy; ,irtsh; tpGyh ee;jh; ,k;ghp dPq;fp thdpd; ,irnghop mku uhfp vd;nwd;Wk; tho;fpd; whNu Kj;jkpo; tpj;jfuhd Rthkp tpGyhde;j mbfshh; vj;jidNah fl;Liu vOjpAs;shh;fs; me;jtifapy; nrOq;fiy epakj;Jld; tlnkhopf;fy;tpia ,izj;J vOjpa fl;Liu fw;gth;fs; ahtiuAk; ftUk; jd;ik tha;e;jjhifahy; mjid ,q;F Fwpg;gpLjy; rhyTk; rpwe;jjhFk;. rpe;jhNjtpahfpa ehkfs; Nfhapy; nfhz;nlOe; jpUf;Fk; nrOq;fiy epakq;fs; (Universites) fy;tpj;Jiw midj;jpDf;Fk; ,Ug;gplkhtd. “fy;tp fiuapy fw;gth; ehl;rpy” vd;gJ Md;Nwhh; thf;F. Mjypdhy; fiy gapy;Nthh; jdf; F ,ad;w fiyj;Jiw ,Jntd Njh;eJ ; zh;eJ ; mj;Jiwapy; epuk;gpa Gyikngw KaYjy; Kiwahapw;W. mwk; nghUs; ,d;gk; tPL miljy; E} w;gaNd vd;wypd; mwpTil khe;jh; fw;ww;Fhpad. mwE} y; nghUDhy; ,d;gDhy; tPlL ; E}y; vd ehy;tifg;gLtJ njspthfpd;wJ. ,tw;iw tlnkhopahsh; jh;krhj;jpuk; mh;j;jrhj;jpuk; fhkrhj;jpuk; Nkhl;rrhj;jpuk; vd;gh;. gz;ilNahh; tFj;j ,e;j ehy;tifapid ,f;fhyj;J nrOq;fiy epakq;fs; vt;thW gFj;Jzh;fpd;wd vd;gijr; RUf;fkhf Muha;e;J Nehf;FNthk;. xOf;fk;> tof;F> jz;lk; vd %tifg;gLj;jp Kd;Ndhu; Muha;ej ; mwE}ypid ,f;fhyj;J nrOq;fiy epakq;fs; ePjpE}y; (Law) xOf;fE}y; (Moral Science) vdg;gFj;J Muha;e;J tUfpd;wd. fU cup vdj; njhy;fhg;gpa Mrphpah; tFj;j nghUl;gFjpfs; ,e; E}spy; kpf tphpnta;jp elf;fpd;wd. epyE}Yk; (Geography and Geology) thdE}ypid (Ay) stronom cs;spl;l fzpjE}Yk; (Mathematics)> G+jE}Yk; (Physics) ,iaGE} Yk; (Chemistry) Kjw;nghUl;ghyha; mike;Js;sJld;> jhtuE}y; (Botany) tpyq; f pay; E}y; (Zoology) vd;wpUjpwj;jhfpa caph;E}Yk; (Biology) kd;gijE} Yk; (Anthropology) njhd; i kE}Yk; (Archaeology) gaph; njhopy; E}Yk; (Agriculture) nghwpapay; E}Yk; (Engineering) vd; g d nty; y hk; fUg; n ghUl; g hyhf mike;Js;sJld;> murpayikr;rpay; E}y; (Politics) nghUspay; E }y; (Economics) Nghh; j ; n jhopy; E}y; (Military Science) vd;wpj; njhlf;fj;jd Gwj;jpiz caph;g;nghUl;ghyha; mike;Js;sd. ,ay; (Literature) ,ir (Music) ehlfk; (Drama) vd Kj;jpwg;gLj;jp ek;Kd;Ndhh; Muha;ej ; moFf;fiyahfpa ,d;gE}yhdJ ïªJ xË

#a tUl« MÅ - Mo

epakj; j pNy Kjd; i knaa; j p epw; f pd; w d. rpq; f s khztu; f s; jq; f s; jha; n khopNahL rk]; f pUjk; ghspahfpa ,UnkhopfisAk; gapd; W cau; j ug; guPl;irfspNy rpwe;jKiwahfj; NjWfpd;whu;fs;. jkpo; khztu;fSk; mt;thW Njwpg;ngUikailAk; nghUl;Lj; jha; n khopahfpa jkpNohL tlnkhopAk; gapYjy; eykhFk;. ,t;thwhd mwpTf; fy;tpf;fUT+yj;ij miltjw;F Rthkp tpGyhde;j mbfshh; Nkw;Fwpj;j fl;Liuapd; thapyhf mf;fhyj;jpNyNa mwptpaiyAk; Mj; k P f j; i jAk; nrOq; f iy epakq; f spDhlhd fy;tpKiwapy; ntspg;gLj;jp ,Ue;jhh;. ,it mf;fhyk; Kjy; vf;fhyk; tiuAk; mopahj mwpTiuahf gpd;gw;wp ghJfhj;J NgzNtz;baJ jw;fhy rKjhaj;jpdJk; vjph;fhy re;jjpapdJk; jiyaha flikahFk;.

Rd;dhfk; jpU. m. Fkhurhkpg;Gytu; mtu;fspd; fhyk; tiuAk; jkpo;g;ngUk;Gytu;fs; tlnkhop fw;Wk; tlnkhopE}y;fis nkhop ngau;j;Jk; tlnkhop kuG gw;wpg; Gj;jpyf;fz E}y;fis vOjpAk; jkpOf;F Mf; f kspj; j hu; f s; . =y= MWKfehtyutu; f is cs;spll ; irt E}w; ngUk;Gytu;fs; irthfkGuhzq;fis %ynkhopapw; gapYk; Nehf; f khf tlnkhopapid tpUk;gpf;fw;W mk;nkhopapDk; ghz;bj;jpaKilath;fshf kpsph;e;jpUe;jhu;fs;. ,e;ehl;L khztu; mz;ikf;fhyk; tiuAk; Mq;fpyehl;Lr; nrOq;fiy epakq;fNshL njhlu;Gilatuha; ,Ue;jikapd; Mq;fpyk; gpnuQ;R ,yj;jd P ; fpNuf;F Kjypa nkhopfis gapyNtz;batuha; ,Ue; j du; . ,g; n ghOJ Gjpa Afk; gpwe; J tpl; l J. ,yq;ifau; jkf;nfd gy nrOq;fiy epakq;fis mikj;Jf; nfhz;ldu;. jkpo; rpq;fsk; rk];fpUjk; ghsp vd; D k; nkhopfs; ,yq; i fr; nrOq; f iy

eluh#® cUt¢ áw¥ò ïiwt‹ v§F« Ãiwªjt‹. všyh« m¿»‹wt‹. fUiz Ãiwªjt‹. ï‹gkakhdt‹. všyh M‰wšfisí« cilat‹. M‹kh¡fË‹ bghU£L gšntW âUnkÅfis vL¤J¡ bfhŸS»wh‹. mt‰WŸ ïilawhJ Mdªj¤ jh©lt« òÇí« Ãiy x‹W. mJ všyh _®¤âfËY« áwªjJ. mªj Mdªj¤ T¤J M‹kh¡fË‹ bghU£L XahJ átbgUkhdhš Ãfœ¤j¥gL»wJ. mt‹ MlÉšiyahdhš cyf¤âš x‹Wnk MlhJ. mªj¤ âU¡T¤J¡F KjYÄšiy, KoîÄšiy. Vida bjU¡T¤J¡fis¥ ngh‹wj‹W mªj¤ âU¡T¤J. m‰òj¤ jÅ¡T¤J mJ. nr¡»Hh® RthÄfŸ T¿ mUËdh®. `Mâí KoîÄšyh m‰òj¤ jÅ¡ T¤jhL« ehjdh® fHšfŸ thœ¤â tÊgL« ey¤â‹ Ä¡fh®' ïijí« jÉu eluh# _®¤âia¥ g‰¿a âahd Rnyhf« v‹d brhšY»wJ? enlr¥ bgUkhDila âUîUt« _‹W f©fS«, eh‹F njhŸfS« rhªj FzK« át¥ò ÃwK«, ò‹KWtš brŒí« KfK« cilajhfî«, jiyÆ‹ XL«, bfh¡»‹ ïwF«, Ck¤ijí« vU¡F«, f§ifí« Ãyî« M»a

ït‰iw¤ jiyÆš mÂªjjhfî«, ty¥ghj« mgÞkhu (Ãid¥ò Ú§»a) Kayf‹ ÛJ C‹¿ Ã‰gjhí«, ïl¥ghj« ö¡f¥g£L r‰W FŠá¤jjhí«, ty¡fu§fS¡FŸ K‹fu« mga« mË¥gjhí«, ã‹fu« lkUf« jh§»ajhfî«, ïl¡fu§fSŸ K‹dJ åá¤ bjh§fÉ£LŸsjhfî« ã‹dJ beU¥ig Vªâajhí« ïl¢brÉÆš âU¤njhL« ty¢brÉÆš kfu F©lyK« mÂªjjhí« mga fu¤âš ehfhguz« ó©ljhí« r®th§f¤âY« jÇ¤J Ãyîtjhí« átkªâu¤jhš óá¡f‰ghyJ. âU¢áuh¥gŸË¡F mU»š ahid óá¤j jy« âUthid¡fhî«, vW«ò óá¤j jy« âUvW«óW« fh£á jU»‹wd. bgÇa ãuhÂ ahid; á¿a ãuhÂ vW«ò. `vW«ò Kjš ahid <whf' v‹gh®fŸ. ahidí« ïiwtid tÊg£lJ. vW«ò« ïiwtid tÊg£lJ. kÅjuhf¥ ãwªj eh« ïiwtid tÊgl nt©lhkh? ("thÇah® ÉÇîiu ÉUªJ" v‹w üÈÈUªJ)

Mbg;G+uk; ,Ugj;NjO el;rj;jpuq;fSs; xd;Wjhd; G+uk;. Vida khjq;fis tpl Mb khjj;jpy; tUk; G+u el;rj;jpu ehs; kfj;Jtk; kpf;fjhfg; Nghw;wg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J mk;ghSf;F chpa jpdkhf mike;jpUf;fpd;wJ. mjhtJ cikak;ikahh; gf;Ftkile;j my;yJ UJthfpa jpdk; Mbg;G+uk; vd;W nrhy;yg;gLfpd;wJ. ngUk;ghyhd mk;ghs; Myaq;fspy; Mbg;G+uk; jpdj;ij jPhj; j; khff; nfhz;L cw;rtq;fs; eilngWtJ tof;fkhFk;. ,e;ehspy; mk;ghs; Myaq;fspy; ngz; mbahh;fs; ghw;Flk; vLj;J jq;fs; Neh;j;jpia epiwNtw;Wk; epfo;T ,lk; ngw;WtUfpd;wJ. ïªJ xË

#a tUl« MÅ - Mo

jpUthrfj;jpy; rptGuhzk; nja;tj; jpUkfs; fyhepjp jq;fk;kh mg;ghf;Fl;b ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ

jkpo; $Wk; ey;Yyfk; Nghw;Wk; nja;tj;jpUkfs; fyhepjp jq;fk;kh mg;ghf;Fl;b mth;fs; mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wj;Jld; neUq;fpa njhlh;igAk; cwitAk; nfhz;bUe;jth;. vOgJfspy; khkd;wj;jpd; Jizr; nrayhsuhfTk; gpd;dh; Jizj; jiytuhfTk; njhlh;e;J khkd;w mwq;fhtyh; rigapYk; ,ize;jpUe;J khkd;wj;jpd; rpwg;ghd tsh;r;rpf;Fk; mjd; nraw;ghLfSf;Fk; nghpJk; Jiz epd;wth;. khkd;wk; 1974 Mk; Mz;L [dthp khjk; mk;ikahUf;F nfhOk;gpy; elj;jpa ghuhl;L tpohtpy; 'rptQhd tpj;jfh;" vd;w gl;lj;ijAk;> nghd;tpohitnahl;b 2005 Mk; Mz;L aho;g;ghzj;jpy; elhj;jpa ,e;J khehl;bd; NghJ 'nja;tj;jpUkfs;" vd;w gl;lj;ijAk; toq;fpf; nfsutpjj; J. mk;ikahh; 2008 Mk; Mz;L [_d; khjk; 15 Mk; jpfjpad;W rptgjkile;j NghJ khkd;wj;jpd; kw;WnkhU nfsutkhf Md;kPf ,johd ‘’,e;J xsp’’ epidT mQ;ryp rpwg;gpjohf ntspaplg;gl;lJ. 2009 Mk; Mz;L mk;ikahhpd; KjyhtJ FUG+ir epfo;itnahl;b 'nja;tj;jpUkfspd; tho;Tk; gzpfSk;" vd;w E}iy khkd;wk; ntspapl;bUe;jJ. mj;Jld; ,Nj fhyj;jpy; ntspaplg;gl;l khkd;wj;jpd; Md;kPf ,johd ',e;J xsp’’mk;ikahhpd; KjyhtJ FUG+ir rpwg;gpjohf kyh;e;jpUe;jJ. nja;tj;jpUkfs; mk;ikahhpd; MwhtJ Mz;L FUG+ir epfo;T ,k;khjk; ([_iy) 8 Mk; jpfjp eilngw;wJ. ,jidnahl;b mk;ikahhpd; ,e;jf; fl;Liu gpuRukhfpwJ. “ehNdNah jtQ;nra;Njd; rpthaek vdg;ngw;Nwd; Njdha;,d; dKjkha;j; jpj;jpf;Fk; rptngUkhd; jhNdte; njdJs;sk; GFe;jbNaw; fUs;jhd; CdhUk; capu;tho;f;if xWj;jd;Nw ntWj;jplNt.”

fSf;F ,iwtd; FUtbtpy; te;J Ml;nfhs;thd; vd;gJ irt rpj;jhe;jk;. jpUthrfj;jpd; KOg;nghUSk; jpUite;njOj;ijf; nfhz;L njhlq;fpj; jpUite; njOj;jpd; mlf;fkhd Xq;fhuj;ijf; nfhz;L KbfpwJ. Xq;fhuj;J cl;nghUis “Iad; vdf; fUspathwhu; ngWthu; mr;NrhNt” vd;W KbtpNyaike;j mr;Nrhg; gjpfj;jpy; ghbAs;shu;.

gpwtpg;gpzp jPu;f;Fk; ngUthrfkhfpa jpUthrfj;ijr; irt cyFf;F mspj;jtu; kzpthrfu;. mtUila J}a ,jaf; fkyj;jpNy ,Ue;J ntspg;gl;l nrQ;nrhw;fshfpa kzpfis md;ghfpa fapw;w;pw; Nfhj;J ,iwtDf;F mOjOJ rhj;jp mjd;nghUs; mtNd vd;W fhl;b mtdbf;fPo; ePq;fhg; Ngupd;gk; ngw;wtu; mtu;. Njdha; mtUf;F ,dpj;jhd; ,iwtd;. me;j ,d;g capu;g;ig tha;kLj;j mbfspd; ghly;fs;> mtw;iw XJfpd;w xt;nthUtUf;Fk; Njdha; ,dpj;jd. mj;jifa Rit kpf;f jpUthrfg; ghly;fis Ik;gj;jhW gjpfq;fsha; mikj;Js;sdu;. mtw;Ws; KjyhtJ gjpfk; rptGuhzk; vd;gJ. jpUthrfk; mwptpf;Fk; newp ,uz;L. KjyhtJ ehjd; ehkk; Nghw;Wjy;. ,uz;lhtJ ehjd; jhs; Nghw;Wjy;. ,tw;iwf; nfhz;Nl rptGuhzk; njhlq;FfpwJ.

jpUite;njOj;J

“ekr;rptha tho;f” vd;W njhlq;Ffpd;w njhlf;fk; vy;yhg; nghUisAk; mtdbf;fPo; mlf;Ffpd;w mlf;fkhf mike;Js;sJ. Vndd;why; ,tw;Wf;Fs; mlq;fhjJ vJTkpUf;f KbahJ. mz;lq;fs;> mwpahik> rptg;guk; nghUs;> jpUtUs;> capu;fs; vd;gtw;iw KiwNa ekrptha vd;Dk; Ie;njOj;Jk; tpsf;FfpwJ. jpUthr fj;jpd; KOg;nghUSk;> jpUite;njOj;jpd; tpsf;fKk; jpUtbg;NgW MFk;. ,jidNa Kjybfspy; ’ekr;rptha tho;f ehjd;whs; tho;f’ vd;gjhy; tpsf;Ffpwhu;.

ghapu kuG

rptGuhzk;

xU E}ypd; njhlf;fj;jpy; tho;j;J> tzf;fk;> mitalf;fk;> E}w;ngau;> E}w;gad; vd;gd $WtJ kuG. kzpthrfg; ngUkhd; ,jidr; rptGuhzj;jpNy tpsf;fpg; ghbAs;shu;. ,jidj; jpUthrfj;Jf;F xU Kd;Diu vd;W $wpdhy; mJ kpifahfhJ. KjypNy tho;j;Jf;fs; $wpj; njhlq;Ftijf; ftdpg;Nghk;. Qhdhrpupau;fs; mWtif tho;j;Jf; $wp Md;k Nfhb fis ca;tpf;f tpUk;gpdhu;fs;. ‘tho;f me;jzu;’ vd;W njhlq;fpg; ghb itifapNy Vl;bid ,l;l rk;ge;jUk;.

rptGuhzk; vd;why; rptdJ mehjp Kiwikahd gioik vd;gJ nghUshFk;. ,iwtd; gioajpw; gioatd;. Gjpajpw; Gjpatd;. ,jid mbfNs jpUntk;ghitapy;>

“Kd;idg; gok;nghUl;Fk; Kd;idg; gok;nghUNa” “gpd;idg; GJikf;Fk; ngau;j;Jk; mg; ngw;wpaNd” vd;Wk; mUspAs;shu;. jpUthrfk; FUtUs; tpsf;fj;ijr; rpwg;ghf vLj;Jf; fhl;LtjhFk;. gf;FtKs;s Md;khf; ïªJ xË

#a tUl« MÅ - Mo

Nghw;wpnra;J Jjpf;fpd;whu;. ‘<rdb Nghw;wp’ vd;gJ njhlf;fk; ,it mike;Js;sd.

‘thd;Kfpy; tohJ nga;f’ vd;W ghb tho;j;jpa fr;rpag;gUk;> ‘ekr;rptha tho;f vd;;W tho;j;jpa kzpthrfUk; Qhdg;ngUkf;fNs. ‘ekr;rptha tho;f’ vd;W gQ;rhl;ruj;ij tho;j;jp ‘ehjd;whs; tho;f’ vd;W cUtj; jpUNkdpia tho;j;jp> ‘,ikg;nghOJk; vd;ndQ;rpy; ePq;fh jhd;whs; tho;f’ vd;W mUtj; jpUNkdpia tho;j;jp> ‘Nfhfopahz;l FUkzpjd;whs; tho;f’ vd;W FUtbit tho;j;jp> ‘Mfkk; Mfpepd; wz;zpg;ghd; whs; tho;f’ vd;W rhj;jpuq;fis tho;j;jp> ‘Vfd; mNefd; ,iwtdb tho;f’ vd;W ‘xd;wha; Ntwha; cldha; epw;Fk; ngUkhid tho;j;jp>

“<rdb Nghw;wp ve;ij abNghw;wp Njrdb Nghw;wp rptd;Nr tbNghw;wp Neaj;Nj epd;w epky dbNghw;wp khag; gpwg;gWf;Fk; kd;d dbNghw;wp rPuhu; nghUe;Jiwee; Njt dbNghw;wp Muhj ,d;gk; mUSkiy Nghw;wp”

FUjuprdk; tho;j;Jk; ntw;wpAk; Nghw;wpAk; $wpa mbfs;> ,iwtd; FUthf te;J jd;id Ml;nfhz;l jpwid epide;J Nghw;Wfpd;whu;. ‘rptdtd; vd; rpe;ijAs; epd;wtjdhy;’ vd;gjhy; ,iwtd; rfyu;f;Fg; gf;FtKilik fz;L FUtbthf te;J mUs;GupAk; jpwj;jhy; jdf;Fk; mg;NgW fpilj;jnjdf; fhl;br; rptndd;gjhy; ,iwtidf; Fwpj;Jk;> mtd; vd;gjhy; FU %u;j;jpfisf; Fwpj;Jk; ghbaUspdhu;. E} w;gaidAk;> mitalf;fj;ijAk; mLj;Jf; fhzyhk;. ‘rptGuhze; jd;id’ vd;gJ E}w;ngauhFk;. ‘Ke;ij tpidKOJk; Xa ciug;gd;ahd;’ vd;gJk;> ‘mtdUshNy mtd;whs; tzq;fp ciug;Ngd;’ vd;gJk; mitalf;fkhFk;. jpUthrfj;jpd; KfTiu Nghd;W gpwtpapd; ,opitAk;> ,iwtdpd; ngUikiaAk;> mbatu;f;F mUs;GupAk; jpwidAk;> mbahu;fs; ,iwtid Ntz;b epw;Fk; jpwidAk; fhl;br; rptGuhzj;ij Kbf;fpd;whu;. tpidapd; fhuzkhfg; gpwe;J coYfpd;w capuhdJ nfhba ,Ushfpa Mztj;jpdhYk; mwk; ghtk; vd;Dk; ,Utpidf; fapw;wpdhYk; fl;lg;gl;Lg; Gwj;Nj Njhyhy; Nghu;j;J> mfj;Nj GO Kjypa mOf;Ffisr; nrhupAk; xd;gJ thapy; nfhz;l Fbyhf mike;j clk;gpid vLf;fpwJ. khDlg;gpwtp vLj;j gpd;Gk; Neupa topapw; nry;y tplhJ jLj;J tpyf;fp tpLfpd;wd kyq;fs;. ,jdhy; mwpahikapy;> cod;W epw;Fk; capu; VNjh jtg;gadhYk;> Kd;gpwtpfspy; <l;ba ey;tpid trj;jhYk; ,iwtidf; FUthfg; ngw;W ca;Ak; newpia milfpd;wJ. Md;khtpd; Fwpf;Nfhs; ,iwtd; jpUtbia miljyhFk;. ,jidr; rpwg;ghf tpsf;Ffpwhu;.

“ekr;rptha th mo;f ehjd;whs; tho;f ,ikg;nghOJk; vd;ndQ;rpy; ePq;fhjhd; whs;tho;f Nfhfop ahz;l FUkzpjd; whs;tho;f Mfk khfpepd; wz;zpg;ghd; whs;tho;f Vf dNdf dpiwt dbtho;f” vd mWtif tho;j;Jf; $Wfpwhu;. mLj;J Ie;J tif ntw;wp $Wfpwhu;.

ntw;wp Gwj;jpNy ehk; fhZfpd;w ntw;wpapYk; ghu;f;f mfj;jpNy ntw;w;piaf;fhz KayNtz;Lk;. Ik;Gyd; fis mlf;fp ntw;wp nfhs;tJjhd; rka tho;T tho;thu;f;F Ntz;bait. mg;gubfs; mfj;jpNy ntw;wp fz;l mUshsu;. mtu;>

“Gs;Stu; Itu; fs;tu; Gdj;jpilg; GFe;J epd;W Js;Stu; #iw nfhs;tu; J}newp tpisa nthl;lhu;” vd;W ghb Ik;Gyd;fs; nra;Ak; jPq;Ffis vLj;Jf; fhl;b mtw;iw ntw;wpngw Ntz;Lkhdhy;>

“Kf;fz;zhd; ghj epoy; cs;spilg; GFe;J epd;W mq;F czu;tpdhy; va;ayhNk” vd ntw;wpngWk; khu;f;fj;ijAk; tpsf;Ffpd;whu;. Itif ntw;wp Kf;fpak; vd;gij mbfSk; rptGuhzj; jpNy>

“Ntfq; nfLj;jhz;l Nte;jdb nty;f gpwg;gWf;Fk; gpQ;Qfd;wd; nga;foy;fs; nty;f gwj;jhu;f;FQ; NrNahd;wd; G+q;foy;fs; nty;f fuq;Ftpthu; cs;kfpOq; Nfhd;doy;fs; nty;f rpuq;Ftpthu; Xq;Ftpf;Fk; rPNuhd; foy;nty;f”

“vy;yhg; gpwg;Gk; gpwe;jpisj;Njd; vk;ngUkhd; nka;NaAd; nghd;dbfs; fz;bd;W tPLw;Nwd;”

vdf; fhl;Lfpd;whu;. cyfpaYf;Fs; ,d;gk; Ja;f;f ehLk; me;j Cl;lj;ij mlf;fpj; jpirjpUg;gp Ml;nfhz;l jd;ikia mLj;j mbahYk;> mbatu;fs; my;yhjhu;f;Fg; ghypy; ntz;nza; Nghy kiwe;jpUf;Fk; jd;ikia mLj;j mbfshYk; tpsf;fp mUSfpd;whu;. ,e;j Ie;J ntw;wp fSk; Gd;ndwp ajdpw; nry;Yk; Nghf;if tpyf;fp ed;ndwpiaf; fhl;LtjhFk;.

gjp ,yf;fzk; gR> ghrq;fisg; gw;wpf; $wpa mbfs; irtrpj;jhe;j mbg;gilf; nfhs;ifapy; epd;W gjpapyf;fzj;ijf; fhl;Lfpd;whu;.

“Mf;fk; msT,Wjp ,y;yha; midj;JyFk; Mf;Ftha; fhg;gha; mopg;gha; mUs;jUtha; Nghf;Ftha; vd;idg; GFtpg;gha; epd;njhOk;gpy; ehw;wj;jpd; Neupaha; Nraha; ezpahNd khw;w kdq;fopa epd;w kiwNahNd”

Nghw;wp mWgif nrw;W Ik;Gyid mlf;fp topgLNthUf;F cjTtdthfpa Nghw;wpfis vl;Ltifahff; fhl;L fpd;whu;. ml;l tPul;lk; Gupe;j ngUkhDf;F vl;L ehz; kyu; nfhz;L topgLtJ ,ay;G. mit vl;Lk; Nghw;wp fshf ntsptUfpd;wd. vz; Fzj;jhid vl;L Kiw ïªJ xË

vd;gjhy; ,iwtDila nrh&g epiyAk; jlj;j epiyAk; $wg;gLfpwJ. jlj;jj;jpy; ,iwtd; 18

#a tUl« MÅ - Mo

“nrhy;ypa ghl;bd; nghUSzu;e;J nrhy;Ythu; nry;tu; rptGuj;jpd; cs;shu; rptdbf;fPo;g; gy;NyhUk; Nkj;jg; gzpe;J.”

,wq;fptUtJ mbatu;fSila gpwe;j gpwg;ig mWg;gjw;fhfthk; vd;gij ehkwpa czu;j;Jfpwhu;.

“epye;jd;Nky; te;jUsp ePs;foy;fs; fhl;b ehapw; filaha;f; fple;j mbNaw;Fj; jhapw; rpwe;j jahthd jj;JtNd”

nghUSzu;e;J nrhy;Ythu; vOthahfTk;> nry;tu; rptg;Guj;jpDs;shu; gadpiyahfTk; mike;Js;sd. rptdbahu;fshy; Nghw;wg;gLk; xU NgW. rptdbf;fPo; nrd;wiltJ kw;iwa NgwhFk;.

vd;gijg; gd;Kiw ehk; gbj;J ,d;gk; milaNtz;Lk;. ,iwtd; jha;ff ; UizAilatd;: jhapDk; ey;y jiytd;@; ghy;epide;J}l;Lk; jhapDk; rhyg; gupTilatd;. vq;fs; gpioaWg;gjpy; mtd; jha;. vq;fs; gzpfis Vw;Wf;nfhs;tjpy; mtd; jha;. mUs; nrhuptjpy; <bizaw;w vkJ md;idahf epd;W fd;wpDf;Fr; Nrjh fdpe;jpuq;fy; Nghy vkf;F ,uq;Ffpwhd; ,iwtd;. ,j;jd;ikapy; jaTfhl;Lk; ,iwtdplk; mbfs; Nfl;Fk; tuq;fisf; ftdpg;Nghk;.

“fl;lWj; njidahz;L fz;zhu ePW ,l;l md;gNuhL ahtUq; fhzNt gl;b kz;lgk; Vw;wpid Vw;wpid vl;b Ndhbuz; Lk;mwp NaidNa.” vd;whu; ,d;Ndhuplj;jpy;. ghl;bd; nghUSzu;jy; vd;gJ nka;nghUis mwpjy; vd;gjhFk;. me;jg; nghUNs rptnkd;Dk; nrk;nghUshFk;.

"Ntz;Lk; gupR Ntw;W tpfhu tplf;Flk;gpd; cl;fplg;g Mw;Nwd; vk; Iah” vd;gJ mt;tukhFk;. mbfs; khj;jpuky;y: Mz;ltd; newpiag;gw;wp epw;Fk; ehk; xt;nthUtUk; Nfl;Fk; tuKk; ,JNt. ‘muNd muNd’ vd;W muw;wp auw;wpf; Nfl;fNtz;Lk;. ve;j epiyapy; epd;W Nfl;f Ntz;Lnkd;;why; ngha;nfl;L nka;ahd epiyapy; epd;W Nfl;f Ntz;Lk;. mg;gbf; Nfl;Nghkhdhy; vk;ngUkhd; vkf;F kPl;bq;F te;J tpidg;gpwtp rhuhj newpiaj; je;jUSthd;. ,jdhy; fs;sg; Gyf;Fuk;igf; fl;lWj;JtpLk;> “tPL NgW” vd;w ngU epiy tha;j;JtpLnkd Md;khtpd; Fwpf;Nfhspy; epWj;Jfpwhu;.

vdNt> jpUthrfj;jpd; KO mlf;fKk; rptGuhzNk vd;gijAk;> irt rpj;jhe;j mbg;gilapy; Md;kh ,iwtid milAk; newpia ,g;gFjp tpsf;fp epw;fpwJ vd;gijAk;> ,jidg; nghUSzu;e;J ghbg; guTNthu; gpwthj ,d;gg; Ngupd;g tPl;bid miltu; vd;gijAk; KOg;nghUshf mwpa itg;gJ rptGuhzk;. ,jid ehnlhWk; fhiy khiy Xjpg; gadilNthkhf!

“njhy;iy ,Uk;gpwtpr; #Oe; jisePf;fp my;yyWj; jhde;j khf;fpaNj – vy;iy kUth newpaspf;Fk; thjT+ nuq;Nfhd; jpUth rfnkd;De; Njd;.”

ghl;bd; gad; ,Wjpahf ,j;jifa ghl;bidg; ghb ,iwtid tzq;Fgtu;f;F fpilf;Fk; ngUk;gad; tpsf;fg;gLfpwJ.

epidtiyfspy; ghyh

neQ;rpUf;Fk; tiu epidtpUf;Fk; ,jd; gpd; jdpahh; epWtdq;fspy; ,ize;J epjpnjhlh; g hd gjtpfis tfpj; J te; j hh; . gpd;dhspy; ,th; th;j;jf epWtdq;fis Njhw;Wtpj;J, mjid eph;tfpj;J te;jjd; %yk; gpugy njhopyjpguhf tpsq;fpdhh;. ,jd; Clhf ciog; g hy; cah; e ; j ngUkfdhff; fhzg; g l; l ,th; , rka r%fey kw;Wk; fy;tpg;gzpfSf;fhf thhp toq;fpa ts;sd;ik gyuhYk; Nghw;wg;gl;L te;jJ. ,tuJ gue;j rka r%fg; gzpapd; kFlkhfNt mfpy ,yq; i f ,e; J khkd; w j; jiyikaff; fl;blj;ijf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. ,e;J khkd;wj;jpw;fhd fhzp fpilj; j pUe; J k; , mjd; fl; b lNtiyfs; Muk; g pf; f g; g lhjpUe; j NtisapNyNa khkd; w j; jiytuhf ,th; gjtp Vw; w pUe; j hh; . khkd; w j; jiyikafj;jpw;fhd fl;blk; mikf;fg;glNtz;Lk; vd;gjpy; ,th; fhl;ba Mh;tKk;, ,tuJ Jzpr;ryhd Kaw;rpfSk;, nraw;ghLfSk; KO mstpy; ntw;wpngw;wd.

nfhOk;G khefhpy; mike;Js;s cah;e;j fl;blq;fSs; xd;whf ngUik ngWk; mfpy ,yq; i f ,e; J khkd; w jiyikafk; fk;guP khf vOe;J epw;gjw;F cioj;jth;fSs; Kjy; t uhfg; Nghw; w g; g Lgth; j hd; mkuh; Nt. ghyRg;gpukzpak; mth;fs;. ,th; 1986Mk; Mz; L mf; N lhgh; 26Mk; jpfjpapypUe;J kiwAk; tiu ,e;J khkd;wj;jpd; jiytuhfg; gjtptfpj;jjd; %yk;, khkd;w tuyhw;wpy; Kf;fpakhdnjhU ,lj;ijg; ngw;Ws;shh;. ghyh vd;W midtuhYk; nry;ykhf miof;fg;gl;L te;j mkuh; Nt. ghyRg;gpukzpak; mth;fs; aho;g;ghz khtl;lj;jpYs;s ney;ypab fpuhkj;jpy; gpwe;jth;. funtl;b tpf;Nd];tuh fy;Y}hpapy; jdJ fy;tpia Muk;gpj;J nfhOk;G Mde;jh fy;Y}hpapYk;, gpd;dh; aho; ,e;Jf; fy;Y}hpapYk;, tl;Lf;Nfhl;il aho;g;ghzf; fy;YhhpapYk; gapd;W ghlrhiyg; gbg;ig epiwT nra;jhh;. ïªJ xË

#a tUl« MÅ - Mo

Ngha; t pl; l J. ghyh ,e; J khkd; w j; jiytuhfg; nghWg;Ngw;wNghJ, “vj;jidNah Ngh; Vwpr; rWf;fp tpOe;j rz;bf; Fjpiuapy; ,g;NghJ ghyh VwpapUf;fpwhh;. ,ij ,tuh mlf;fg; Nghfpwhh;?” vd vz;zpath;fSk; cz;L. Mdhy; ghyhtpd; jplrpj;jj;ijAk;, cgfhpg;G cs;sj;ijAk; njhpe;J nfhz;lth;fs; fl;blk; ,dp vOe;J tpLk; vd;gij cWjpahf ek;gpdh;. FWfpa fhyj;jpy; jdJ nrhe;jg; gzj;ijf; nfhz;L Kjy; khbiaf; fl; b Kbj; J , mLj; j khbfs; mika toptFj;jth; ts;sy; ghyh” vd;fpwhh; vOj;jhsh; Nrhkfhe;jd; mth;fs;.

xU njhifg; gzj;ij jdJ md;gspg;ghf toq;fp ,th; njhlf;fp itj;j fUkk; mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wj; jiyikafkhf tbtk; ngw;W, ,tuJ epidit vd; n wd; W k; kP l ; b f; nfhz; b Ug; g Jld; , md; d hhpd; gNuhgfhug; gz;igAk; vLj;Jr; nrhy;fpwJ. ,tiug; gw;wp, ek;ehl;bd; gpugy vOj;jhsuhf tpsq; f pa mkuh; eh.Nrhkfhe; j d; mth; f s; 1996 Mf];l; 4Mk; jpfjp ntspahfpa jpdfud; thukQ;rhpapy; vOjpapUg;gijAk; ,q;F Fwpg;gpLtJ nghUj;jkhftpUf;Fk;. “vj; j idNah nghpa kdpjh; f s; Kaw; r pj; J k; ,e;J khkd;wj;jpw;fhd xU fl;blk; vOg;g Kbahkw;

mkuh; ghyh epidTr; rpe;jidf; fsk; tpl KbahJ. ,tuJ epidthf ,lk;ngWk; ,d;iwa rpe;jidf;fsk; %d;whtJ njhlh; epfo;thf mikfpwJ. khzth; f Sf; f hd ey; y tplaq; f is toq; F k; ,e;j rpe;jidf;fsk; kpfTk; gaDs;sjhf mika Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj vq;fs; tpUg;gkhFk;. jha;khh;fs; ,sk; re;jjpapdiu Md;kPf hPjpapy; rpe;jpf;f itf;fj; J}z;lNtz;Lk;.” vd;W Fwpg;gpl;lhh;. jiyikAiuiaj; njhlh;e;J rpe;jidf; fsk; Muk; g khdJ. fpof; F gy; f iyf; f of KJepiy tphpTiuahsh; fyhepjp k. ghyifyhrehj rh; k h fUj;Jiu toq;fpdhh;. fzpdpAld; ,ize;j tifapyhd etPd njhopy;El;g rhjdq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp xspj;jpiu Clhd tpsf;fq;fSld; ,th; fUj;Jf;fis vLj;Jr; nrhd;dJ rpwg;ghf ,Ue;jJ. ,tuJ fUj;Jiuapd; gpd;, mitapdh; Nfl;l Nfs;tpfSf;F rpt= kzp =epthrf; FUf;fs; mth;fSk;, rpt= itj;jP];tuf; FUf;fs; mth;fSk; tpsf;fkspj;jhh;fs;. epfo;tpd; ,Wjpahf khkd;wg; nghJr; nrayhsh; fyhepjp K.fjph;fhkehjd; ed;wpAiu toq;fpdhh;. epfo;tpy; fye;J nfhz;l midtUf;Fk; jpUkjp rhe;jp ghyRg;gpukzpak; mth;fsJ Vw;ghl;by; kjpa Nghrdk; toq;fg;gl;lJ.

jpU Nt.ghyRg;gpukzpak; 1992Mk; Mz;L [_iy khjk; 15Mk; jpfjpad;W fhykhdhh;. fle;j 15Mk; jpfjp ,tuJ 22MtJ epidT jpdkhFk;. ,tuJ Nritia epidj;Jg; Nghw;Wk; tifapy; khkd;wk; tUle;NjhWk; epidT epfo;it Vw;ghL nra; J elj; j ptUtJ tof; f khFk; . ,k; K iw epidT epfo;thf “jpUTUt topghl;bd; jj;JtKk; Mya topghl; L KiwfSk; ” vDk; nghUspyhd rpe;jidf; fsk; ,lk;ngw;wJ. ,k;khjk; ([_iy) 6Mk; jpfjp gk;gyg;gpl;b ru];tjp kz;lgj;jpy; fhiy 10.00kzpastpy; khkd;wj; jiyth; jpU.fe;ijah ePyfz;ld; jiyikapy; Muk;gkhfp eilngw;w ,e;j epfo;tpd; NghJ ,uj;kyhid rf;jp ,y;yg; gps;isfspd; ,iw tzf;fg; ghly; ,lk;ngw;wJ. jpU.fe;ijah ePyfz;ld; jiyikAiuapd; NghJ “khkd; w j; jiyikafj; j pw; f hd fl; b lNtiyfs; Muk;gpf; fg; gl; lNghJk;, mJ vOe;jpuhj epiyapy; “fl; b f; f hl; L Ntd; ” vd cWjpg+z; L vq; f Sf; F gytifapYk; cjtpGhpe; J ntw; w pfz; l th; mkuh; ghyRg;gpukzpak; mth;fs;. ,d;W khkd;wk; ehlshtpa hPjpapy; gy;NtWgl;l Nritfisr; nra;tjw;F md;W ghyh mth;fs; toptFj;J je;jpUg;gij vd;WNk kwe;J

Mbg;gpwg;G Mb khjg;gpwg;G ehsd;W ,e;Jf;fs; $o; fha;rr ; p nfhOf;fl;il mtpj;J itj;J jq;fs; tPLfspNy ,iwtopghL nra;J tUtJ ePz;lfhykhf ,lk; ngw;W tUk; xU fpuhkpag; ghuk;ghpa tof;fkhf mike;Js;sJ. ,jidNa ethypA+h; NrhkRe;jug; Gyth;, ‘’Mbg;gpwg;Gf;F ehis tpLjiy Mde;jk; Mde;jk; Njhoh;fNs $bg;gdq;fl;b $Ok; Fbf;fyhk; nfhOf;fl;il jpd;dyhk; Njhoh;fNs! vd;Dk; ghly; %yk; Mbg;gpwg;gpd; kfj;Jtk; gw; w p nrhy; y papUg; g ijAk; ,q; F Nehf; F tJ nghUj;jkhdJ.

G+Tyfpy; Xuhz;L fhyk; Njth;fSf;F xU ehshFk;. mjhtJ ij khjk; Kjy; Mdp khjk; tiuapyhd fhyg;gFjp gfw;nghOjhfTk;, Mb khjk; Kjy; khh;fop khjk; tiuapyhd fhyg;gFjp ,uTg; nghOjhfTk; mikfpd;wJ. gfw; nghOJ cj;juhaz fhyk; vd;Wk;, ,uTg; nghOJ jl;rpzhaz fhyk; vd;Wk; nrhy;yg;gLfpd;wJ. cj;juhaz fhyk; epiwT ngw;W jl;rpzhaz fhyk; Muk;gpf;Fk; ehs; Mb khjg; gpwg;ghFk;. G+kpapy; fhh; fhyj;jpd; Muk;gkhfTk; Mb khjk; mikfpd;wJ. mjhtJ gaph; tsh;rr ; pf;Fj; Njitahd kiof;fhyk; Mb khjj;jpNyNa Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ. ïªJ xË

#a tUl« MÅ - Mo

rptNahfh; Rthkpfs; gf;fk;

ešyhrhdhf És§»a jt¤âU nahfRthÄfŸ (fyhg+\zk; jpUkjp. ,uhN[];thp n[fhde;jFU) “tz;L gz; nra;Ak; tsk;ngUF ey;Yhhpy; kpz;L kdj;jtiu Nkdpiyf;Ff; nfhz;LtUk; Njubapy; Njrpfidf; fz;L jhprpj;Njd; jPulh gw;W vd;whd; rphpj;J”

nja; t j; jd; i k epiwe; j it. ,yFtpy; Ghpe; J nfhs; s Kbahjit. mtuJ cgNjrq; f s; , nrhw; RUf;fj;NjhL Mo;e;j fUj;Jf;fs; nghjpe;jdtha; mike;jpUf;Fk;.

fpspnehr;rpapypUe;J ey;Y}h;j; Njubiaj; Njb ehb Xb te;J Njubr; Rthkpfspd; cgNjrk; ngw;wth; Nahf Rthkpfs; Mth;. Muk; g j; j py; murhq; f eP h ; g ; g hrdf; fsQ; r paf; fhg;ghsuhf flikahw;wp te;j rjhrptd; vd;Dk; ,isQid nry;yg;gh Rthkpfspd; njhlh;G fhe;jk;Nghy; ,Oj;jJ. ,aw;ifahfNt Md;kf P <LghL nfhz;bUe;j ,isQd; nry;yg;gh Rthkpfspd; cgNjrk; ngw;wJk; jdJ murNritiaj; Jwe;J, cw;whh; cwtpdiuj; Jwe;J, jd; FUitNa jhahfTk;, je;ijahfTk;,Mrhd hfTk;,nja;tkhfTk;,rfyJkhfTk; nfhz;L mtUila mbr;RtLfisg; gpd;gw;wp jhDk; xU Jwtpahdhh;. ,tNu vkJ neQ; r nky; y hk; Fbnfhz; l Nahf Rthkpfs; Mth;. ,d; W mth; gukgjkile; j hYk; aho; g ; g hzk; , nrq;fyb Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; rkag;gzp Mw;wptUk; mUs; epiyaq;fshd rptnjhz;ld; epiyaq;fspNy ,d;Wk; ehk; Nahfh; Rthkpia khdrPfkhfj; jhprpf;fyhk;; jhprpf;fpd;Nwhk;. Nahf Rthkpfs; aho; khtpl;lGuj;jpy; gpwe;jth;. mtuJ [ddk; irt cyfpw; F mjpYk; aho; kf;fSf;F xU tug;gpurhjkhf mike;jik ajhh;j;jk;. NehAw; N whh; f ; F k; , ,d; d Yw; N whh; f ; F k; , tho; f ; i fg; gazj;jpy; topjLkhwpNahh;f;Fk;, mth; topfhl;bahf fyq;fiu tpsf;fkhf jpfo;ej ; hh;. mtuJ mUs;thf;fpd;gb tho;e;J ca;e;j FLk;gq;fs; Vuhsk;. mtuJ Nghf;F, ,ay; G , jd; i k, nraw; g hL vd; g dtw; i w vtuhYk; ,yFtpy; Ghpe;J nfhs;s KbahJ. mtiug; Ghpe;J nfhz; l th; f s; mtiug; gy; NtW Nfhzq; f spy; fz;lwpe;jdh;. rpyUf;F mth; xU Md;kPf FUthfj; njd;gl;lhh;. rpyUf;F mth; xU jj;JtQhdpahfj; njd;gl;lhh;. rpyUf; F mth; Mj; k P f tpj; j fuhfj; njd; g l; l hh; . rpyh; mtiu xU mUshsuhff; fz;Lnfhz;ldh;. rpyUf;F mth; xU ,ul;rfuhf tpsq;fpdhh;. rpyUf;F ,th; Ntbf;if fhl;Lk; gpj;jdhfTk; Njhd;wpdhh;. ,t; t hW ,tuJ jd; i k nraw; g hLfs; ,tNuhL ed; F gofpath; f Sf; F k; mth; Nky; ek; g pf; i f itj;jpUe;Njhh;f;Fk; mtiu czh;e;Njhh;f;Fk; mtuJ topfhl;Lk; mUisg; ngw;wth;fF ; k; kl;LNk ed;F GhpAk;. gyUf;F mth; jhapDk; md;G jioj;Njhh; FUthf tpsq;fpdhh;. Rthkpfs; jd;idr; ruz; vd;W te;jile;Njhh;f;Fr; nra; j cjtpfs; Vuhsk; . mit mw; G jkhdit; ïªJ xË

“Rk;kh ,U” “vy;yhk; vg;NghNjh Kbe;j fhhpak;” “xU nghy;yhg;Gkpy;iy” “ehk; mwpNthk;> KOtJk; cz;ik” ,it Rthkpfspd; jiyaha cgNjr nkhopfshFk;. “Rk;kh ,Ug;gJ vd;why; Rygkhd fhhpakh vd;d? Ngr;ir mlf;fyhk;. kdir ,Nyrpy; mlf;fKbAkh? ,it mUs; NjLNthh; f ; F ehLNthh; f ; F kpf mtrpakhdit. Nahfh; Rthkpfs; jdJ FUit rptFUthfNt fz;lth;. jdJ FUtpd; cgNjrq;is xd;W jpul;b mth; jdJ ew;rpe;jidg; ghly;fs; %yk; vkf;Fj; je;jpUg;gJ ahk; mwpe;jNj. ,g;ghly;fs; vspikAk; nrhy;yoFk; fUj;jhoq;fSk; kpf;fit. cjhuzkhf, “ me;j thf;Fk; ngha;j;Jg; NghNkh Mrhd; ey;Y}h; tPjpapy; mUspa me;j thf;Fk; ngha;j;Jg; NghNkh!” vd;w gy;ytpiaf; nfhz;l fPhj ; j ; id jdpj;JtkhdJ. ,uridf; F hpaJ. ,tuJ ghly; f s; xt; n thd; W k; etuj;jpdq;fSf;Fr; rkkhdit. Qhd jP g q; f s; ,it vd;gJ cz;ik. Rthkpfspd; FUthf tpsq;fpa nry;yg;gh Rthkpfs; jdJ tho;tpy; ngUk; gFjpia ey;Y}h; kz;zpy; fopj;jth;. ey;iyf; fe;jd; Myaj;jpd; Kd; w ypNy cs; s tpy; t ku epoypNy epl; i l$b mkh;e;jpUg;gJ mtuJ tof;fkhFk;. mth; Njh;e;njLj;j jdJ cj;jk rp\;aNd Nahfh; Rthkpfshth;. ,tiuAk; ey;Y}h; kz;izAk; gphpj;J Nehf;fKbahJ. Nahf RthkpfsJ Mr;rpukk; nfhOk;Gj;Jiwapy; mike;jpUe;jJ. mq;F ve;NeuKk; mtuJ njhz;lh;fs; mtiur; R+o;e;jpUg;gh;. mtuJ njhz;lh;fspilNa ntspehl;lk; ,Ue;jik fz;$L. gpbnfhlhJ NgRtjpy; Rthkpfs; ty;yth;. mJ mtuJ ,ay;G. xt;nthU NeuKk; xt; n thU epiyapy; mth; fhzg; g Lthh; . rpy rkaq;fs; mUs; thf;Fg; ngw te;j mbahh;fs; Rthkpaplk; Vr; R thq; f pa re; j h; g ; g q; f SKz; L . Mdhy; Rthkpia ed;F Ghpe;J nfhz;lth;fs; mtuJ Vr;Rf;fis jk;Nky; mth; nrhhpAk; md;G kyh;fshfNt Vw;Wf; nfhz;ldh;. fhuzk; jkJ FUit mth;fs; ed;F mwpe;J nfhz;lJld; ed;F Ghpe;Jk; nfhz;lth;fs;. jPh;f;f jhprdk;, fUiz, md;G, MjuT, Ghpe;Jzh;T, mjpfhuk;, `h];ak;, Nfhgk;, rpdk; Mfpa Fzq;fis 21

#a tUl« MÅ - Mo

Rthkpfs; mt; t g; N ghJ ntspg; g Lj; J tJ toik. Rthkpfsplk; mZfpa mbahh;fis mth; gf;Ftg;gLj;jpa KiwNa jdpj;JtkhdJ. ey;Y}h; - ey;y Ch;. Rthkpfs; Rw;wpr; Rw;wp cyhte;j Re;ju ey;Y}h;. mth; ghjk;gl;l ey;Y}hpd; xt;nthU kzYk; mUs; Rkf; F k; . MyatP j p xt; n thd; W k; RthkpfsJ Gdpjkhd epidTfisg; gRikahf;fpj; jUfpd;wd. kdr;rhe;jpiaAk; mspf;fpd;wd. nghpNahh;,rpwpNahh;, Vio, nry;te;jd;, tpNtfp, Kl;lhs; vd;w Ngjk; ghuhJ jdJ njhz;lh;fspd; kdepiyia ed;F Ghpe;J kpf EZf;fkhd Kiwapy; mth; f sJ kdg; G z; Z f; F kUe; j pl; l th; vkJ ngUkjpg;Gf;Fhpa Nahf Rthkpfs;. Qhdp NghYk;> KuldhfTk; rpy rkak; Njhd;Wthh;. Viofshy; rKjhaj;Jf;F jPq;F NeuhJ. nry;te;jhpd; gzgyKk;

nry;thf;Fk; rpy rkaq;fspy; Mgj;jhdJ vd;gij mth; kdjpy; nfhz;L mth;fisj; jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy; mZfp ey;y kdpjh;fshf;fpa rk;gtq;fSk; cz;L. ey;y rKjhankhd;iw cUthf;fpl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ mtuJ cs;sj;J mth. mtuJ Jha;ikahd nja;tPfj; Njhw;wj;ij rw;W cq;fs; kdf;fz; Kd; nfhz;L te;J epWj;Jfpd;Nwd;. cah;e;j neba fk;gPukhd Njhw;wk;. ntz;zpw Nt\;b, Njhspy; xU Jz;L, nts;sp miyfs; Nghy; gutpa ePzl ; jhb, Kfj;jpy; nja;tf P f; fis, fz;fspy; mUl;fdy;. ,j;jidAk; mike;J vq;fs; ey;yhrhd; ,d;W vkJ kj;jpapy; ,y;yhtpbDk; mtuJ ew;rpe;jidg; ghly;fs; midj;jpYk; mth; epiwe;Js;shh;> nghype;Js;shh;. vdNt mtw;iwg; ghLNthk;, gbg;Nghk;. epr;rak; mit vkf;F ifnfhLf;Fk;.

md;djhd kfpik tp\;Ztpj;ahrhfuk; gpuk;k= rj;jpa ehuhaz FUf;fs;. ‘nfhil ts; sy; ’ vd;W nrhd;d Jk; rl; nld; W ek; epidTf;F tUgtd;, fh;zd;. jdJ caph; gphpAk; Neuj;jpy; $l ms;spf; nfhLj;jtd; mtd;. kfhghuj Nghh; f ; f sj; j py; mUr; R dd; va; j mk; G kioapy; capUf;F Nghuhbf; nfhz;bUe;j mtdplk; , mtd; mJtiu nra;j Gz;zpaq;fis vy;yhk; Ntjpah; tbtk; vLj;Jr; nrd;W fz;zd; ngw;W tpLfpwhh;. xUtdJ caph; gphpAk; Neuj;jpy; mtdplk; xUth; jhdk; Nfl;fpwhh; vd;why; mjpy; fhuzk; ,y;yhky; ,Uf;fhJ vd;gij czh;e;j fh;zd;, jhd; jhdk; nra;j gpwNf “jhq;fs; ahh;” vd;gij me;j Ntjpahplk; Nfl;fpwhd;. Ntjpauhf te;jJ fz;zd; my;yth? me;j kfhghujg; Nghh;f;fsj;jpy; fh;zDf;F jdJ tp];t&g fhl;rpiaj; jUfpwhh;. mjd; gpwF fh;zd; caph; gphpfpwJ. ,y;iy vd;W te;jth;fSf;F ms;sp ms;spf; nfhLj;jtd; my;yth fh;zd;? Neuhf nrhh;ff ; k; nry;fpwhd;. mq;Nf mtDf;F vy;yh tpjkhd trjpfSk; fpilf;fpwJ. Mdhy; fLikahd grp kl;Lk; mtDf;F vLf;fpwJ. nrhh;ff ; j;jpy; grp vd;w czh;Nt fpilahNj. mg;gbnad;why;, ekf;F kl;Lk; grp vLf;f vd;d fhuzk;? vd;W mtd; vz;zpa NghJ, mq;Nf ehuj kfhp\p Njhd;wpdhh;. fh;zdplk; ehujh;, “cd;Dila grp ePq;f Ntz;Lkhdhy;, cd; Ms;fhl;b tpuiy thapy; itj;Jf; nfhs;.” vd;W $wp tpl;L kiwe;jhh;. fh;zDk; mjd;gb nra;a , mtdJ grp czh;T mlq;fpg; Nghapw;W. clNd Ms;fhl;b tpuiy thapy; ,Ue;J vLj;jhd;. Mdhy; kWgbAk; grpj;jJ. clNd jpUk;gTk; jdJ Ms;fhl;b tpuiy thapy; itj;jhd;. vOe;j grp czh;T mlq;fpg; NghdJ. Ms;fhl;b tpuiy vLj;j NghJ jpUk;gTk; grpf;f Muk;gpj;jJ. ïªJ xË

Vd; jdf;F kl;Lk; ,g;gb Neh;fpwJ? vd;W fh;zd; jtpj;j NghJ, mq;Nf kWgbAk; ehujh; Njhd;wpdhh;. “vd;d fh;zh Ms;fhl;b tpuiy vLj;jJk; kWgbAk; grpf;fpwjh?”vd;W Nfl;f, “Mkhk; ehujNu! mjw;F vd;d fhuzk; vd;W njhpatpy;iy….., jhq;fs; jhd; tpsf;f Ntz;Lk;” vd;fpwhd; fh;zd;. “fh;zh!..... cd; tho;tpy; eP midj;J jhdq;fisAk; nra;J ,Uf;fpwha; - Mdhy; xNu xU jhdj;ijj; jtpu,” vd;fpwhh; ehujh;. “mJ vd;d jhdk;?” Mh;tkhff; Nfl;lhd; fh;zd;. “mJ jhd; md;djhdk;!.Mk;! eP g+Nyhfj;jpy; md;djhdk; nra;ahky; nrhh;f;fj;jpw;F te;jjhy;, ,q;F te;jJk; cdf;Fg; grpnaLf;fpwJ. cd; g+Nyhf tho;ehspy; xUehs; cd; d plk; ,Ue; J jhdk; ngw; w xUth; , md;drj;jpuk; vq;fpUf;fpwJ vdf; Nfl;f….. mjw;F eP cd; Ms;fhl;b tpuiy Rl;bf;fhl;b mq;Nf ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;wpUf;fpwha;. Neubahf md;djhdk; nra;ahtpl;lhYk; md;djhdj;jpw;fhd fhuzpahf tpsq;fpa cd; Ms;fhl;b tpuy; kl;Lk; md;djhdg; gyd; ngw;wJ. mjdhy;jhd; cd; Ms;fhl;b tpuiy thapy; itf;Fk; NghJ kl;Lk;, nrhh;f;fj;jpd; KOg;gydhfpa grpapd;ikAk; Nrh;j;J cdf;Ff; fpilf;fpwJ” vd;whh; ehujh;. ,jw;Fg; gpwFjhd; fh;zDf;F md;djhdk; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zk; Njhd;wpaJ. ehujh; topfhl;lypy; ,iwtdplk; me; j f; Nfhhpf; i fia Kd; i tj; J epiwNtw;wpdhd;, fh;zd;! md; d jhdk; nra; a hky; , md; d rj; j puk; ,Ue; j ,lj;ijf; fhl;bajw;Nf nrhh;ff ; j;jpy; grpapd;ik vd;fpw Gz;zpak; fpilf;Fk; NghJ nrhh;ff ; j;ij tpUk;Ggth;fs; jk;khy; Kbe;jtiu md;djhdk; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ ,jd;%yk; czh;j;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. 22

#a tUl« MÅ - Mo

átnahf RthÄfË‹ I«gjhtJ FUóir âd¤ijbah£o khk‹w« el¤âa f£Liu¥ ngh£oÆš k¤âa ãÇÉš KjyhtJ gÇir¥ bg‰WŸs f£Liu ïJ.

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NgrpapUf;fpwhh; Rthkpath;fs;.kf;fNshL kf;fshf tho;e;J nka;newpapy; tho topfhl;ba ngUkfhd;. kdj;Jf;fz; khrpydhfp mOf;fhW, mth, ntFsp, ,d;dhr; nrhy; ehd;fpidAk; mwNt xopj;J mwtho;fi ; f tho;e;j GdpjNu Rthkpfs;.mthpd; Jha;ikahd JwT tho;fi ; fapid QHdg; nghf;fp\khd ew;rpe;jid %yk; ed;F mwpayhk;. jd;id mwpe;J nka;g;nghUisf; fhztpioe;j Rthkpfs; Xjp czj;Jk; jd;idNa, jtj;ijahw;wp mwptJk; jd;idNa vdf; $wp ehdhh; vd;Ds;skhh; vd rpe;jpj;Jf; fz;L nfhz;lhh;. kf;fisj; jd;ghy; <h;fF ; k; vz;zk; Rthkpfsplk; ,Ue;jjhfj; njhpatpy;iy.,\;l rpj;jpfs; va;jTk; tpl;byd; vd rpj;Jf;fs; nra;Ak; Mw;wy; jdf;fpUe;Jk; mtw;iwr; nra;Ak; tha;gG ; f;fis jd; QhdFU jdf;F kdKte;J mspf;ftpy;iy vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;.itaj;jpy; tho;thq;F tho;e;J Md;k <Nlw;wk; ngw topfhl;ba xg;gw;w xU QhdFUthf tpsq;fpdhh;.ey;Yhh; KUfdplk; Muhj gf;jp nfhz;l Rthkpfs; mbf; f b mtiuj; jhprpf; f nry; Y k; tof;fKilatuhapUe;jhh;.,iwtNd nry;yg;gh tbtpy; te;J jd;id Mz;L nfhz;lhh; vd;gij, “,UtPizahh; kjpkaq;fp ,lh;gl;Lf; flg;Ngidf; fUizapdhy; Mz;L nfhs;sf; flTs; jpUTsq; nfhz;L mUs; Nkdp jhq;fp mtdpapNy te;jhidj; jpUtpOk; ey;iy efh;j; Njubapy; fz;NlNd!” vdg;ghb gutrkilfpwhh;.NkYk;,

dk; Nghd Nghf;nfy;yhk; Nghf Ntz;lhk; vDk; xsitahh; mKjnkhopia mbnahw;wp, miyghAk; kdj;jpid mjd; topr;nry;y tpl;L tho;thq;F tho Ntz;ba newpKiwfis mwNt Gwe;js;sp Md;kPf ehl;lk; rw;Wkpd;wp cyfpay; vd;w rfjpf;Fs; mfg;gl;L mkpo;eJ ; my;yw;gLk; kf;fis mt;tpUspypUe;J kPlf ; Tk;, nka;g;nghUis czh;j;jp ca;Ak; top fhl;lTk;, Qhdpfs;, mUshsh;fs;, mDg+jpkhd;fs;, mtjhuGU\ h;fs; vd;Nghh; mt;tg;NghJ Njhd;WtJ cyf tuyhw;wpy; ,ilf;fpil ,lk;ngWk; epfo;thFk;.,j;jifa mDg+jp ngw;w Qhdpfs; “Gz;zpag+kp” vdg; Nghw;wg;gLk; ghuj ehl;ilg; NghyNt “rpt g+kp”vdg; Nghw;wg;gLk; <oj; jpUehl;bYk; mt;tg;NghJ Njhd;wp kDf;Fyk; kz;zpy; ey;y tz;zk; tho ey;top fhl;bAs;sdh;.filapw; Rthkpfs; , nry; y g; g hRthkpfs; , Nahfh; Rthkpfs; , khh;f;fz;L Rthkpfs; vd me;j Qhdg; guk;giu ePz;L nry;Yk;. ,t;thpirapy; rjhrptd;, Nahfehjd;, N[hd;, Nahfh;, NahfRthkpfs; vdg; gy ngah;fshy; miof;fg;gl;l rptNahf Rthkpfs; vd;w nre;jkpo; Qhdp 1872-1964 fhyg; gFjpapy; kf;fNshL kf;fshf tho;ej ; th;.khtpl;lGuj;jpy; gpwe;J aho; efhpy; fpwp];jt R+oypy; fy;tp fw;W fpspnehr;rpapy; Mq;fpy mur mjpfhhpapd; fPo; mur gjtp tfpj;J cyfpaYld; Clhba Nahfehjd; vd;w me;jg; gf;Ftg;gl;l Md;kh ey;Yhh;j; Njubapy; nry;yg;gh vd;w Qhd Njrpfhpd; mUl;ghh;itf;F MshdjpypUe;J Mokhd nghUs; nghjpe;j ke;jpukida mth; jk; mUSgNjrq;fisr; nrtp kLj;jjpypUe;J Md;kPfg; gazj;jpy; gy jlitfs; rpukq;fisg; gbg;gbahff; fle;J Qhd Kjph;r;rp ngw;w kiwQhdpahf cah;e;J kDf;Fyk; ca;jp ngw topfhl;ba xg;gw;w Qhd FUthf tpsq;fpdhh;. ,t;thwhf kDf;Fyk; khz;G ngw Rthkpfs; nra;j NghjidfSk; rhjidfSk; gw;wpa vkJ vz;z Xl;lj;ijr; rw;W jpirjpUg;GNthk;. ahk; ngw;w ,d;gk; ngWf ,t;itafk; vd;gjw; nfhg;g kDf;Fyk; kz;zpy; ey;y tz;zk; tho mUikahd ey;YgNjrq;fis Rthkpfs; cyFf;F mspj;Js;shh;.xd;Nw Fyk; xUtNd Njtd; vd;w rhjp rkak; fle;j epiy, rkur rd;khh;f;f newp, vspik, caph;fsplj;J md;G, [PtfhUz;ak; rkak; tpjpf;Fk; rkaf; f phpiafs; , cs; s j; j py; cj; j kidf; f hZk; mftopghL, Md;k <Nlw;wk; ,itfisg; nghpJk; ïªJ xË

“Mrhidf; fz;Nld; mUe;jth; tho; ey;Yhhpy; Ngrhjd nty;yhk; Ngrpdhd;- $rhky; epd;Nwd; eP ahulhntd;Nw mjl;bdhd; md;Nw ahd; ngw;Nwd; mUs;-” vdTk; $wpdhh; . nry; y g; g h Rthkpfspd; xU nghy;yhg;Gkpy;iy mg;gbNaAs;sJ.Muwpthh; vdf;$wpa thrfj;ij czh;e;j me;epiyapy; jhd; mile;j Rfj;ij, “maywpahj Mde;jk; ngw;Nwd; kaywpahj nksdj;jp Yw;Nwd; nraywpahj rptj;jpidf; fw;Nwd; ,akepakhwp ahitAk; mw;Nwd;” vdTk; gygl $wp kfpo;fpd;whh;. Qhdituhf;fpak; ngw;w Rthkpfspd; mUl;ghh;it ahYk; ey;YgNjrq;fshYk; Mapuf;fzf;fhd gf;jh;fs; 23

#a tUl« MÅ - Mo

,iwepiyia czh;ej ; hh;fs;.rw;FU jhprdk; xUtDf;F ca;Ak; newpfhl;Lk; vd Qhd Ehy;fs; $Wtjw;Nfw;g Rthkpfis kf;fs; jhprpf;fj; njhlq;fpdh;.jd;id te; j ile; j th; f spd; kNdhepiyapid czh; e ; J mth;fisj; Jhath;fshf;fp gf;jpapy; jpisf;fr; nra;J mth;fSf;F ed;newp fhl;bAs;shh;.cz;ik KOtJk; mwpe;jpllh. ,J Kbe;j KbT. ,ij czh; vd;Wk;, xU nghy;yhg;Gkpy;iy. vjw;Fk; Vq;fhNj, gag;glhNj, tUtJ te;J Nghfl;Lk;, nghUl;gLj;jhNj vdTk;, ,iw ek;gpf;ifAk; kdj;JzpTk; jhd; itafj;jpy; tho;thq;F tho topfhl;Lnkd mOj;jp ciug;ghh;.,dp kf;fspd; cah;Tf;F ,d;wpaikahjJ xOf;fk; vd;gjid,

nfhQ;rk; nfhQ;rkha; kdij nty;Y-Nty;Nty; $lhj $l;lj;ij tpl;L eP -nry;Y” vd;Wk; md;G rptnkd;w Md;Nwhh; jpUthf;if ,d;gKld; Nghw;wpapUg;gJTnkf;fhyk; vd;Wk;, vy;yhtw;iwAk; md;ghff; fhZk; Rthkpfs; md;G xd;Nw rptg;Ngw;iwj; jUnkd cgNjrpj;jhh;. Rthkpfs; flTs; vd; W nrhy; y pf; nfhz; L mq;Fkpq;Fk; Xb mq;fyha;j;Jj; jphpNthiu jhk; fw;w Ehywptpidf; nfhz;L flTisf; fz;L tpl;ljhfg; gpjw; w pj; jphpNthiu NghypNtljhhpfis kpfTk; fLikahf rhbAiuf;fpwhh;. “mq;Fkpq;Fk; XbNa mtjpg;gLfpwha; gq;F Nghl;Lg; ghh;f;fpwha; ghpjtpj;J thLfpwha; vq;fs; nja;tk; cq;fs; nja;tk; vd;W thJ NgRfpwha; rhjp rkankd;W rz;ilg;gLfpwha; jj;Jtj;ijawpahky; rq;flg;gLfpwha; XjpAzuhky; cz;ikawpe;jtd; Nghy; Cnuq;Fk; nrd;W gpurq;fk; gz;Zfpwha;” vdf; $wpf; nfhz;lhh;.

“ xOf;fk; tpOg;gk; jUk; jk;gpkhNu Xnkd;W rpe;ij nra;tPh; jk;gpkhNu mOf;fhW mth ntFsp jk;gpkhNu Md;khitg; ge;jpf;Fk; jk;gpkhNu tOf;fp tpOe;jhYk; jk;gpkhNu kyubiar; rpe;ij nra;tPh; jk;gpkhNu ehg;gpsf;f ngha;Aiuj;Jj; jk;gpkhNu ehl;by; nghUs; Njl Ntz;lhk; jk;gpkhNu Xjp czuNtz;Lk; jk;gpkhNu ca;a topaJ fhZk; jk;gpkhNu!”

cyfk; ca;a midtUf;Fk; ,dpa ,yFjkpopy;” mz;zd;khNu jk;gpkhNu Mr;rpkhNu NfsPh!; mUikahd nja;tk; ehq;fs; mijawpe;J tho;tPh;. ,d;d jd;ik vd;W ek;ik vLj;Jr; nry;thUz;Nlh? vd;d gak;? vq;fSf;F vy;yhk; rptkd;Nwh. mtdd;wp XuZTk; mirahnjdg; nghpNahh; md;W nrhd;d epiw nkhopia kWg;gJTk; rhpNah? mq;fpq;nfdhjgb vq;Fk; rptnkd;W mwpe;jlq;fp mfpyj;jpy; tho;tJNt ed;W” vd;W mUSgNjrk; Gfd;whh;. “rptgf; j p khj; j puk; j hd; kdpjidg; ghf; f pa thdhf;Fk;. kw;wit midj;Jk; gpuNahrdkw;wit. Mifahy; ,il tplhky; rptj;jpahdk; gz;Z. xd;Wf;Fk; gag;glhNj, ntw;wpAd; nrhe;jk;. ntspkhjphpnahd;Wk; nra;ahNj cs;Sf;Fs; gyj;Jf; nfhs;. jUk newpapy; gprfhNj. vt;TapUk; ngUkhd; jpU Kd;dpiy vd;W rhjidnra;. flTs; cs;Sk; cs;sth;.” ,g;gbg; gyg; g y mUSgNjrq; f is jkJ jpUKfq; f s; thapyhfTk; $wpr; nrd;Ws;shh;. kdpj Fyk; khz;Gk; kfj;JtKk; ngw;W jdJ Nghjidfs; %yk; mtw;iw rhjidfshf;fp Mokhf Mj;kPfj;jpy; jpisj;j kf;fl; r%fj;ij cUthf;fpa Rthkpfs; njhz;Zhw;nwhuhz;Lfs; epd;W mUs;Ghpe;J 1964Mk; Mz;L gq;Fdpj; jpq;fs; Mapypa el;rj;jpu ehspy; jpUtbf;fyg;Gw;whh;.

vdr; rptj;jpahdj;jpd; %yk;jhd; Gyd;fisalf;fp Msyhk; vdr; Rthkpfs; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;.,itnay;yhk; Fwpg;ghf ehisa ew;gpuirfshd ,isQh;fSf;F fhykwpe;J mth; $Wk; cgNjrq;fs; nghd;Nghy; Nghw;wj;jf;fit. ,iwtdpd; jpUehkj;ij tOj;jpa tz;zkpUe;J mtUs;sk; ehkQ; nrhy;YNthk; rptehkQ; nrhy;YNthk; ehkid nty;YNthk; ehNk mtndd;W ele;J nry;YNthk; Nrhk Re;jud; ghjq;fhZNthk; Rk;kh tpUf;fpw R+l;rk; NgZNthk;” vdTk;, “ekJ capUf;Fapuha; ,Ug;gth; flTNs Mifahy; ehk; mtUila cilik. midj;Jk; rptd;nray;. mtdd; w p mZTk; mirah. nja; t j; i j ek; G , KOkdJld; ek;G” vdTk;, “,iwaUisg; ngWtjw;F rpwe; j top gf; j pnewp” vdTk; , “my; Y k; gfYk; jpUtbapidNa vz;zpj; njho Ntz;Lk;.gf;jpahy; Fk;gpl;Lg; ghbl Ntz;Lk;” vdTk;, “rj;jpak;, nghWik, rhe;jk;, mlf;fk;, mbahiug; gzpjy;, Ie;njOj;Njhjy;, FUghjk; gzpjy; Md;k <Nlw;wj;Jf;F topfhl;Lk;” vdTk; $wpapUf;fpwhh;.

mj;Jtpjg; nghUs; fhg;ghk;-vdf; fbahh; fnsd;nwd;Wq; fhg;ghk; rpj;jUk; NjtUk; fhg;ghk;-vd;wd; rpj;jj; jpyq;Fe; jpUtUs; fhg;ghk;.

“md;GlNd Ie;njOj;ijr; nrhy;Y- Nty;Nty; Mrhdbf;fPo; mkh;e;J eP epy;Y ïªJ xË

#a tUl« MÅ - Mo

ññññññññññññññññññññññññññññññññññññññññññññññññññññññññ

irt cyfk; tzq;fpg; Nghw;wpa gQ;r NfhGuq;fspd; nksd Qhd xsp rptnjhz;ld; jpy;iyak;gyk; rptNahfgjp cyf irtg; Nguit> fdlh

ññññññññññññññññññññññññññññññññññññññññññññññññññññññññ

nks

Rthkpfs; cj;juT nfhLj;jhh;. Mdhy; 'fe;jrhkpNa fhtp cLj;J te;jhYk; jq;Fk; trjp ,y;iy vd;Wk; fl;lisapl;lhh;. fhuzk; ahnjdpy; rptnjhz;ld; Mrpukj;jpy; Gdpjk; fl;Lg;ghL Md;kPfk; Mfpait kjpg;Gld; Ngzg;glNtz;Lk; vd;w nfhs;ifjhd;. fhtp cLj;J tUk; rhjhuz gz;lhhpfsplk; kpf vr;rhpf;ifAld; ,Uf;f Ntz;LnkdTk; mth;fSf;F md;djhdk; khj;jpuk; nfhLj;J clNd ntspNa mDg;gp tpLf’’ vd;Wk; kpf vr;rhpf;ifAld; Rthkp fl;;lisapl;lhh;. rptNahf Rthkpfs; jkpo; ehl; b y; cs; s irtj;jyq;fSf;F xU jUzk; ahj;jpiu nrd;wNghJ rpjk;gu eluh[h; jhprdk; nra;j gpd;dh; jpUtz;zhkiyj; jyj;jpw;Fk; nrd;whh;. mq;F ukzhpd; mUfpy; RthkpAk; mkh;e;jhh;. ,UtUk; nrhy; vy;yhk; Nkhdk;" vd;wpUg;gth;fNs.Mjyhy; mth;fSf;F tha;g;Ngr;R vd;d 'gaDkpy" rptNahf Rthkpfs; gpd;dh; ,J gw;wpf; $wpaNghJ 'xU Fd;wpd; Kd; ,Ue;jJ Nghd;wpUe;jJ. vd ukz kfhp\piag; kjpj;J ; g; Nghw;wpdhh;. mg;gUk; rk;ge;jUk; xUtiunahUth; kjpj;J tzq;fpAk; ,Ue;j epiyNghy; ukzUk; rptNahfUk; tpsq;fpdhh;fs;. ukz kfhp\p tho;e;j fhyj;jpy; mtiuj; jhprpj;j md;gh;fs; mbahh;fs; ahtUk; mtuth; re;Njfq;fSf;fhd tpsf;fq;fis kfhp\papd; mikjpg; ghh;itahYk; nksdj; j hYNk ngw; w dh; . mtiuj; jhprpf; f md;gh;fs; gyh; Ftpe;jdh;.Fog;gk; ePq;fpdh;. njspTngw; w dh; . ukz gfthd; mz; z hkiyr; Nrhjpaha;j; jpfo;e;jhh;. ukz kfhp\piaAk; rptNahf RthkpfisAk; jdJ ,U fz;fshf kjpj;Jg; Nghw;wp FUgPlkhf tzq;fpte;j xU cj;jk rPlh; <oj; jpUehl;bd; eapid ehfG+rzp mk;kidj; jdJ Fynja;tkhf tzq;fpte;j irtg; nghpahh; mkuh; Nf. uhkr;re;jpuh mth;fshth;. ,th; topiag; gpd;gw;wpath; irtg; nghpahh; mkuh; 'Mj;kN[hjp" Kj;ijah mth;fshth;. fhQ; r pg; nghpahh; = rq; f uhr; r hhpa Rthkpfs; fhQ;rpGuj;jpy; fhkhl;rp mk;kd; vOe;jUspapUf;Fk; Myaj;jpy; gPlhjpgjpahfTk; “= fhQ;rp fhkNfhb fhQ;rpg; nghpath; vd;Wk; cyfpy; gue;J thOk; irt kf;fs; kjpj;Jg; Nghw;wp tzq;fpte;j xU

dj; j pw; F k; mikjpf; F k; ,Uf; F k; kjpg;G tpiyaplKbahjJ. 'Rk;khapU nrhy;yw" vd;gJ KUfg; ngUkhd; mUzfphpehjiug; ghh;j;J mUspa Mrp. nksdk; vd;W nrhy;Yk; NghJ kdk; NgrhjpUj;jy; vdg; nghUs;gLk;. mt;thW ,Uf;Fk; epiyapy; jhd; nka;Q;Qhdj;ij czu KbAk;. ,J Md;kPfj;jpy; jpisj;j kfhd;fspd; thf;F. nksdNk nghpNahh; kdjpy; epuk;gpf; Fbnfhz;bUf;Fk; Qhdj;jpw;F ntspNa Njhd;Wk; xU milahskhFk;. 'nksdk;’’vd;gJ Qhd tuk;G. ,t;thW xspnewp ngw;w gQ;r NfhGuq;fshd nksd Qhdpfs; KiwNa = uhkfpU\;z guk`k;rh; gfthd; ukz kfhp\p <oj;J khKdpth; rptNahf Rthkpfs; fhQ; r pg; nghpath; = rq; f uhr; r hhpa Rthkpfs; <oj;Jf; ifjb nksd Kdp khh;f;fz;L Rthkpfs; Mth;. ,t;ittUk; xU Fj;J tpsf;fpd; xsptpL gQ;rKidfs;. jpUtUs; ,e;j mUs; tpsf;if Vw;wp itj;jpUg;gJ irt cyfk; nra;j ghf;fpaNk. ,e;j Qhdpaiuf; FU %h;j;jq;fshff; nfhz;lhLk; Mr;rpukq;fSk; cs. ,e;j Qhdpah;fs; fhl;ba xspnewpapNy mUs;ngw;Wa;e;j mbahUk; mNefh;. = uhkfpU\;z guk`k;rh; Gdpj fq;iff; fiuapNy jpahdj;jpy; mkh;eJ ; nksdj;jpy; xspnewp mUspdhh;.,uhkfpU\;z ,af;fk; fjpnuhsp Nghd;W cyfnky;yhk; gutpapUg;gjhy; ,uhkfpU\;ziu xU mfpy cyf Qhdp vd;Nw $wyhk;. 'cd;id eP mwpe;J nfhs;> mg;NghJ flTis mwptha;. ,iwtid ntspNa NjLjy; mwpahik. jkf;Fs;Ns ,iwtd; ,Ug;gij czh;tNj mwpT.,iwtid czh;e;jtNd mtuJ ghjj; jhkiufspy; jd;id mh;gg ; zk; nra;thd;. jpahdj;jpy; rpj;jpaile;jtDf;F Kj;jp neUq;fptpl;lJ.’’Mfpait guk`k;rh; mUspa mUs; nkhopfspy; rpythFk;. rptNahf RthkpfSk; ,uhkfpU\;z guk`k;rhplk; ngUkjpg;G itj;jpUe;jhh;. aho;gg ; hzj;ij gpwg;gplkhff; nfhz;l =kj; gpNukhj;khde;jh[p ,uhkfpU\;z klj;jpd; Jwtpahf tUtjw;F topfhl;ba rptNahf Rthkpfs; Cf;fk; nfhLj;jhh;. aho;gg ; hzk;> nrq;fyb rptnjhz;ld; epiyaq;fspy; ,uhkfpU\; z klj; i jr; rhh; e ; j 'fhtp" cLj; j Jwtpfs; kl;Lk; jq;Fk; trjp nra;tjw;F rptNahf ïªJ xË

#a tUl« MÅ - Mo

ahnjdpy; “jd;idj; jd;dhy; mwptJjhd;!” vd;W khh; f ; f z; L Rthkpfs; kpfr; RUf; f khf jdJ mbahh;fSf;F $Wthh;. ,q; f pyhe; j pd; Nrhy; g hpg; gpuGtpd; Gjy; t d; re; j Rthkp mth; f Sk; rpy Mz; L fs; ifjb Mr;rpukj;jpy; khh;f;fz;L RthkpfSld; jq;fpapUe;J nksdpahfNt jpahdj;jpy; jpfo;e;jhh;. ukz gfthdpd; rkhjp ehs;. md;W khiy mtiur; #o;e;jpUe;j md;gh;fs; mUzhry ml;\u khiyia cUf; f khfg; ghbf; n fhz; b Ue; j dh; . mg;nghOJ gfthdJ fz;fs; Fskhfp ePh; jhiu jhiuahfg; ngUfpaJ! mUzhry rptj; j pd; kPJ nfhz;l md;gpd; ngUf;Nf mf;fz;zPuhFk;. khzpf;fthrf RthkpfisAk; “mOJ mb mile;j md;gh;” vd;gh;. “fhjyhfp frpe;J fz;zPh; ky;fp” nra;j ,iwtopghlhFk;! rptNahf Rthkpfs; kfh rkhjp miltjw;F rpy ehl;fSf;F Kd;G jkJ Neha; gw;wpf; $wpait tUkhW: “,e; j Neha; xU tug; g purhjk; . fd; k j; i j mDgtpj;Nj jPuNtz;Lk;;. clk;G Njhd;wpa nghOJ mNjhL rk; g e; j g; g l; l vy; y htw; i wAk; nfhz; L te;jJ. mjpy; NehAk; xd;whFk;. ,e;j Nehiag;gw;wp Muha Ntz; b ajpy; i y. ,J vg; g Nth Kbe; j fhhpak;. xd;Wf;Fk; mQ;rNtz;bajpy;iy. ,e;j Nehapd; fhuzj; i j mwpe; j th; . ,J vy; y hj; Jf;fq;fSf;Fk; epth;j;jp vd;gij mwpth;. mwpe;J mikjpahapUg;gh;.” ,uhkfpU\;z guk`k;rUf;Fk; ukzk fhp\pf;Fk; Gw;W Neha; te;jij md;gh;fs; mwpthh;fs;. clYf;Fg; gpzp %g;G rhf;fhL tUtJ ,aw;if vd;Wk; Qhdpfspd; clk;Gk; ,jw;F tpyf;fhdit my;y vd;Wk; Rthkp tpNtfhde;jh; $wpdhh;.

kfhQhdpahthh;. jd;id ehbtUk; md;gh;fSf;F rpwpJ thh;ji ; jfs; khj;jpuk; $wp ey;yhrp toq;Fthh;. rptrpd; d khf vspikahff; fhl; r pnfhLg; g hh; . rpyNtisfspy; jpahd epiyapy; nksdj; j py; Mo;e;jpUg;ghh;. nksd FUthfNt jpfo;e;jhh;. <ots ehl;bd; ey;Yhh;f; fe;jd; Mya tPjpapy; mUshl;rp Ghpe;j nry;yg;gh Rthkpfspd; cj;jk rPluhfp mUs; ngw;wth; jtj;jpU rptNahf Rthkpfs;. “Rk;kh ,U” (Be still) “nksdkhf ,U” vd;W gw;gy md;gh;fSf;F ey;top fhl;ba Qhd xsp! mtw;Wld; “jd;id mwp” vDk; jhuf ke;jpuj;ijAk; (Know thyself) cgNjrpj;jhh;. “jd;idj; jd;dhy; mwptNj FUg+ir kw;nwy;yhk; ntWk; cz;lhl;L” vd;Wk; rptNahf FUkzp $Wthh;. aho;g;ghzk; nrq;fyb rptnjhz;ld; Mr;rpukq;fspy; jpahdk; nra;tjw;Fj; jahuhf Ntz; b a nfhs; i f newp rptNahf Rthkpfshy; tpjpf;fg;gl;lJ. “nrhy; vyhk; Nkhdk; njhopy; MjpAk; Nkhdk; vy;yhk; ed;Nkhd epiwNt nksdk; epyTf” rptNahf Rthkpfspd; cj;jk rPlh;jhd; <oj;Jf; ifjb khh; f ; f z; L Rthkpfs; . ,tiu “nksd Kdp” vd;Wk; khpahijAld; md;gh;fs; miog;gh;. ed; W k; jP J k; mwpahj ed; N khdj; j py; Mo; e ; J fplf; F k; epl; l h; . rptNahf Rthkpfs; . nksd Kdpiag;gw;wp jk; mbath;fsplk; $Wk;nghOJ “mtid cq;fSf;nfy;yhk; xU jpirfhl;bahf itj;jpUf;fpNwd;” vd;W $WtJz;L. khh;f;fz;L RthkpfSk; “ew;rpe;jid” vDk; eWkyh;fisr; nrhhpAk; fw;gf jU vdNt jpfo;e;jhh;. `tha; irt rpj;jhe;j MjPd ];jhgf Kjy;tUk; rptNahf Rthkpfspd; rPlUkhd FUNjth; vd;W irt cyfj;jpduhy; md;Gld; miof;fg;gLgtUkhd rptha Rg;gpuKdpa Rthkpfs; khh;ff ; z;L Rthkpfsplk; khpahijAk; ngUkjpg; G k; mh; g ; g zk; nra; J “ew;rpe;jid” gw;wpa tpsf;fq;fs; irt rpj;jhe;j jj;Jt rhuk; gw;wpa tpsf;fq;fs; Mfpatw;iw Mq;fpy nkhopapYk; ed;whfg; ghz;bj;jpak; ngw;w khh;f;fz;L Rthkpfsplk; fw;Wf; nfhz;lhh;. rptNahf Rthkpfs; xUKiw rptuhj;jphp tpuj ehspy; ifjb Mr; r pukk; nrd; W jhs Nksk; ,y;yhky; ghl;L gbg;G ehd;F rhkg; g+ir vd;w Mlk;guq;fs; vy;yhtw;iwAk; mbNahL tpl;Ltpl;L jhDk; jdJ rPlDk; jpahd epiyapy; nksdkhf tpujk; mDl;bj;J Jha rptuhj;jphp tpujj;ij g+uzkhf epiwTnra;jdh;. rptNahf Rthkpfs; vq;fSf;Fg; gy Ntiyfs; jutpy; i y Mdhy; xNu xU Ntiyjhd; mJ ïªJ xË

“rh;tk; rptkak;! rh;tk; rptd; nray;! Rk;kh ,U jd;id mwp! xUnghy;yhg;Gk; ,y;iy! vg;NghNjh Kbe;j fhhpak;! ehkwpNahk; KOtJk; cz;ik! Xk; ekrptha’’! - (rptNahf Rthkpfs;)

ïšyf És¡fJ ïUŸ bfL¥gJ brhšyf És¡fJ nrhâ cŸsJ gšyf És¡fJ gyU« fh©gJ ešyf És¡fJ ek¢áthant! -----------26

#a tUl« MÅ - Mo

ehtyh; gf;fk;

vd;Wk; tho;e;Jnfhz;bUf;Fk;

ehtyh; ngUkhd;

Ie;jhk; Futh; vd rpwg;gpjJ; g; Nghw;wg;gLk; ey;iyefh;

k©lg« mikªJŸs åâ¡F ‘ehty® åâ’ v‹nw bgaÇl¥g£LŸsJ. ahœ¥ghz¡ Flheh£oYŸs xU áy Ú©lrhiyfSŸ ïªj ehty® åâí« x‹whF«. ïJ mÇahiyÆYŸs kh«gH« rªâÆÈUªJ Mu«gkh», ešÿ®, Mid¥gªâ, ahœ efu¥ gFâ, t©zh®g©iz Clhf ehthªJiw gFâia br‹wil»wJ. ešiy¡ fªj‹ Mya nfhòu thrY¡F mUnf mikªJŸs ehty® kÂ k©lgK«, ehtyÇ‹ Ãidit¢ brhš»wJ. k©lg« mikªJŸs fhÂ ehty® bgUkhD¡F brhªjkhdJ. ï§F ïtuJ cUt¢ áiyí« it¡f¥g£oU¥gJl‹ óir tÊghLfS« el¤j¥g£L tU»‹wd. ïªj k©lg¤âš el¡F« Ãfœ¢áfis btËÆš Ã‹W« gh®¥gj‰F trâahf, k©lg EiHthÆš gFâ¡F btËna tisthd Kf¥ò¡ Tiubah‹W flªj khj¤âš òâjhf mik¡f¥g£LŸsJ. 1848M« M©L MtÂ khj« ehty® bgUkh‹ ahœ t©zh®g©izÆš irt¥ãufhr É¤âahrhiyia Þjhã¤jh®. ïJnt ï¥nghJ ehty® É¤âahya« v‹w bgaÇš ïa§»tU»wJ. ehty® åâÆnyna ïªj¥ ghlrhiyí« mikªJŸsJ.

ngw; n wLj; j ehtyh; ngUkhd; irtj; j kpo; cyfpy; vd;WNk kwf;fg;glKbahjth;. mj;jifa ngUiktha;ej; =y= MWKfehtyh; mth;fis FUg+ir> tpohf;fs;> khehLfs; vd gy;NtW tiffspy; irtj;jkpo; cyfk; Nghw;wpj; Jjpj;J tUfpwJ.

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ehty® åâ, ehty® kÂk©lg«, ehty® fyhrhu k©lg«, ehty® É¤âahya« v‹gd ïU¡F« tiu ehty® bgUkh‹ irt¥ bgUk¡fË‹ ïja§fËš v‹Wnk thœªJ bfh©oU¥gh®. 27

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ïtušynth kfh‹! âUKUf »UghdªjthÇah® 1986 M« M©L $uhk»UZz gukA«r®g‰¿ f£Liubah‹¿š F¿¥ã£l Éõa« ïJ.

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fhá ah¤âiu gaz¤ij¤ bjhlu $uhk»UZz® r«kâ¤jh®. fhá v‹w brhšY¡F ãufhr« v‹W m®¤j«. fhá nB¤âu« KGtJnk bgh‹nghš ãufhá¥gij X® M‹Äf¡ fh£áÆš f©L $uhk»UZz® mªj nB¤âu¤â‹ bgUikia bgÇJ« ngh‰¿dh®. fháÆš mt® j§»ÆUªj fhy§fËš fhá ÉÞtehj® nfhÆY¡F¥ nghF« tÊÆnyna mtU¡F¢ rkhâ Ãiy tªJ ÉLkh«. fháÆš ÉÞtehj® nfhÆÈY« nfjh®eh¤ nfhÆÈY« mt® j«ik kwªJ v¤jidnah Kiw rkhâÆš MœªJ ïUªâU¡»wh®. fháÆš ïw¡f K¡â v‹gJ gHbkhÊ. fháÆš ïw¡F« ét‹fS¡F fhá ÉÞtehjU« m«ãifí« K¡â tH§Ftij xU Phd¡ fh£áÆš jh« f©ljhf $uhk»UZz® F¿¥ã£oU¡»wh®. á¿a á¿a cjhuz§fË‹ _y« gukA«r® mUËa cgnjr§fisí« x‹w‹ã‹ x‹whf mt® bg‰w M‹Äf mDgt§fisí« eh« áªâ¡F«nghJ ‘rkhdÄšyhj gukPhÅ ït®, Mfh! ïtušynth kfh‹!’ v‹w v©znk e« cŸs¤âš Ãiw»wJ.

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xU u\;a tpQ;Qhdp nrhy;tij gbj;J ghUq;fs;.

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#a tUl« MÅ - Mo

tpjj;jpy; xd;Nwhnlhd;W gpd;dpg;gpide;j $l;LwNthLk; nray;gLfpwjhk;. RUf;fkhfr; nrhd;dhy;> me;j %u;j;jq;fisg; gQ;r G+jq;fs; Muhjpf;fpd;wd vd;gNj cz;ik vd;fpwhu;. ,g; g bg; g l; l Muhjidf; F hpa ,lq; f spy; $u; e ; J ftdpj;jNghJ gQ;r G+jq;fSk; rk mstpYk; mj;Jld; rPuhd ,af;fj;JlDk; mit ,Uf;fpdw ; d. kdpj ruPuj;jpYk; gQ;r G+jq;fs; cs;sd. ,it Rak;Gypq;f ];jyq;fspy; ,aw;ifNahL $br; nray;gLfpd;wd vd;fpwhu;. mjhtJ Rak;G %u;j;jp cs;s ];jyq;fspy; thOk; kdpju;fNs me;j kz;Zf;fhd kio. fhw;W> mf;fpdp kz;tsk; Mfpaitfisj; jPu;khdpf;fpwhu;fs; vd;W $Wk; tpshjpkuP >; kJiu Nghd;w Rak;Gypqf; ];jyq;fspy; $Ljyhd kio my; y J Fiwthd kiof; F mq; F thOk; kf;fspd; kdepiyNa fhuzkhfpwJ vd;fpwhu;. Rak;G ypq;fq;fs; cs;s kz;zpy; thOk; kf;fs; kdJ itj;jhy; mq;Nf vij Ntz;LkhdhYk; cUthf;fpl ,aYk; vd;Wk; $Wfpwhu;!. ,e;j G+kpahdJ R+upad; cjpue ; j; xU rpwpa mf;dpj; Jsp vd;fpwJ tpQQ ; hdk;. nky;yf; Fspue ; j; ,jpy; mLf;fLf;fha; capupdq;fs; Njhd;w Muk;gpj;jd. me;j capupdq;fs; capu; thoj; Njitahd midj; J k; $l mg; N ghJ Njhd;wpd. ,Jjhd; gy Nfhb Mz;Lfisf; fz;L tpl;l ,e;j G+kpapd; RUf;fkhd tuyhW. khw;wk; vd;gNj ,e;jg; G+kpapy; khwhj xd;whf vd;Wk; ,Ug;gJ. me;j khw;wq;fshy; te;jNj ,e;j kdpj r%fk;. $d; tpOe;j> nfhj;Jf; nfhj;jhd Kb nfhz;l VO vl;L mbf;Ff; Fiwahj cauk; nfhz;l Fiwe;j gl;rk; 150. fpNyh vilAld; njhlq;fpaJjhd; ruhrup kdpjdpd; clyikg;G. ,d; W mtd; ruhrupahf Ie; j iu mb cauk; > vz; g J fpNyh epiw> epkpu; e ; j eil> Neu; n fhz; l ghu;it vd;W khwpapUf;fpwhd;. gy Mapuk; Mz;Lfshf ,e; e piyapy; ngupa khw; w k; VJkpy; i y. MdhYk; fhyg;Nghf;fpy; ,td; NkYk; Fl;bahfp Rz;br; RUq;fp tpNdhjkhd Kf mikg; i g vy; y hk; ngw; W . xU ngUr;rhsp Nghy; epyg;gug;igf; File;J mjDs; Cu;e;J nrd; W gJq; f p thOk; fhyk; tuyhk; vd; g njy; y hk; tpQ;Qhd mDkhdq;fs;. ,e;j G+kpapy; fpilf;Fk; gytpj

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(ed;wp : ,izak;)

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- Kidth;; e. ,uh. nrd;dpag;gdhh; ïªJ xË

#a tUl« MÅ - Mo

jPg Muhjidfspd; rpwg;Gfs; Kidtu; e. ,uh. nrd;dpag;gdhu;

tpsf;F topghL jkpofj;jpy; kpfg;goq;fhye;njhl;L

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“cs;,OJ cwP,a xs;slu;g; ghz;by; jpupjiyf; nfhsP, vupjUkhiy” (ngUq;fij) vd; W fhg; g paq; f spYk; fhzg; g Lfpd; w d. Nfhtpy; f spYk; muz; k idfspYk; tpsf; F fs; vupf; f g; n gw; w nra; j pfSk; fhzg; g Lfpd; w d. jpUKiwfspy; tpsf;F itj;J topghL nra;jy; tpupthfg; Ngrg; ngWfpd;wd. jpUQhdrk;ge;ju; fhyj;jpNyNa fhu;j;jpif khj tpsf;F topghL njhd;ikahdJ vdf; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. ‘njhy; fhu;j;jpif ehs;... ijayhu; ïªJ xË

ehad; k hu; f spy; fypaehadhu; ekpee; j pabfs; > fzk;Gy;y ehadhu; MfpNahu;fs; Nfhtpypy; tpsf;F vupjJ ; ,iwtd; jpUtUs; ngw;wtu;fs; Mtu;. Nfhtpy;fspy; itf;fg;ngWk; tpsf;fpid ee;jpah jPgk;> re;jpah jPgk; vdf; fy;ntl;Lf;fs; Fwpf;fpd;wd. mizahky; vupAk; jPgk; ee;jpah jPgk;> ee;jh jPgk;> Ee;jh jPgk; vdg; gythwhf 33

#a tUl« MÅ - Mo

toq;fg;ngWk;. G+ir Ntisfshd fhiy> ez;gfy;> khiy> ,uT Kjypa re;jpfspy; itf;fg; ngWk; jPgk; re;jpah jPgk; MFk;. G+irfspd;NghJ Nfhtpy;fspy; flTsupd; jpUTUtj;jpd; Kd; gytpj myq;fhu jPgq;fs; fhl;lg;ngWfpdw ; d. mit midj;Jk; Mokhd nghUs; cilad. jj;Jtk; cilad. Nfhtpy; fUtiwapy; topghl;Lf;F cupa jpUTUtq;fs; mike;jpUf;Fk;. fUtiwapd; Kd; cs;s kz;lgk; xd;wpy; thfdk; mike;jpUf;Fk;. thfdk; %y%u;j;jpia Nehf;fpNa ghu;j;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. thfdj;jpw;Fg; gpd; gypgPlk; ,Uf;Fk;. rptd; Nfhtpyhf ,Ue;jhy; %y%u;j;jpahfpa rptypq;fk; gjp> thfdkhfpa vUJ gR> gypgPlk; ghrk;>

“tpsf;fpid Vw;wp ntspia mwkpd; tpsf;fpdpd; Kd;id Ntjid khWk; tpsf;if tpsf;Fk; tpsf;F cilahu;fs; tpsf;fpy; tpsq;Fk; tpsf;fhtu; jhNk!” vd;W jpU%yu; ghbAs;shu;. ‘tpsf;fpl;lhu; NgW nrhy;ypd; nka;en; ewp QhdkhFk;’ vd;W jpUehTf;furUk; ghbAs;shu;. vdNt> Nfhtpypy; fhl;lg;ngWk; myq;fhu jPgk; Qhdj;jpd; mwpFwpahFk;. gjpdhW tif cgrhuq;fspy; xd;W jPghuhjid. G+irf; fhyj;jpy; gytpj jPgq;fs; fhl;lg;ngWfpd;wd. jPghuhjidf; fhyj;jpy; nja;tq;fs; gyTk; jPgq;fspy; te;J mku;e;J ,iwtidj; juprpj;Jr; nry;thu;fs; vd;gJ kuG. gy mLf;Ffisf; nfhz;l el;rj;jpu jPgk; Kjy; gy jPgq;fs; fhl;lg; ngWfpd;wd. el;rj;jpuq;fs; ,iwtid topgl;L xsp ngWfpdw ; d vd; w fUj; j py; el; r j; j pu jP g k; fhl; l g; ngWfpd; w J. xd;gJ jPgq;fs; etrf;jpfisf; Fwpf;Fk;.VO jPgq;fs; rg;jkhju;fisf; Fwpf;Fk;. Ie;J jPgk; – eptpu;j;jpfiy> gpujpl; l hfiy> tpj; j pahfiy> rhe; j pfiy> rhe; j p mjPjfiy vd;w Ie;J fiyfisf; FwpfF ; k;. %d;W jPgk; re;jpud;> R+upad;> mf;dp vd;w %d;W xspfisf; FwpfF ; k;. xw; i wj; jP g k; ruRtjpiaAk; > RthfhNjtpiaAk; Rl;Lk;.Ie;J jl;Lf;fspy; jPgk; Vw;wp ehd;F jpirfspy; ehd;F> eLtpy; xd;W vd;w Kiwapy; mikj;j – mt;tikg;Gf;F xw;iw tpsf;Ff; fhl;bg; gpd; eLj;jl;L Kjyhf Ie;J jl;LfisAk; jPgj;Jld; fhl;lg; ngWk;. Ie;Jk; ,iwtDila Ie;J Kfq;fisf; Fwpf;Fk;. ke;jpuq;fSs; gQ;rg;gpuk ke;jpuq;fs; rpwg;Gilad. <rhdk;> jj;GUlk;> mNfhuk;> thkNjtk;> rj;Nahrhjk; vd;w Ie;Jk; gQ;rg;gpuk ke;jpuq;fs; vdg;gLk;. Vida ke; j puq; f Sf; F Kd; N d Njhd; w pajhYk; > Vida ke; j puq; f Sf; F f; fhuzkhf ,Ug; g jhYk; gQ; r g; gpuk ke; jpuq; f s; rpwe;jd vd;W rptQhdrpj; jpahu; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. me;je;j ke;jpuq;fshy; me;je;j Kfj;ijj; juprpg;gJ vd;w Kiwapy; Ie;J jl;Lj; jPgq;fs; fhz;gpff; g;gLfpdw ; d. ,Wjpahf Fk;g jPgk; fhz;gpff; g; ngWk;.Fk;g jPgk; rjhrpt jj;Jtj;ij FwpfF ; k;. midj;Jk; rjhrptj;Js; xLq;Fk; vd;w Kiwapy; mike;jJ. tpupthfg; gythwhf ,Uf;Fk; jPgq;fs; Kjy; Fk;gjPgk; ,Wjpahf GUl jPgk;> kpUf jPgk;> gl;r jPgk;> thu jPgk;> Uj;u jPgk; Kjypa jPgq;fSk; tpupthff; fhl;Lk;NghJ fhl;lg; ngWtJz;L. me;je;jj; jPgj;jpw;Fupatu;fs; me;je;j cUtpy; te;J ,iwtid topgLfpwhu;fs; vd;gJ fUj;J. (ed;wp : ,izak;)

“Magjp jhd; mUl;rpt ypq;fk; MagR Tk;mly; VWvd epw;Fk; Magyp gPlk; MFk;ey; ghrkhk; Ma mud; epiyMa;e;J nfhs;thu;fl;Nf” vd;gJ jpU%yu; jpUke;jpug; ghlyhFk;. gpwNfhtpyf; spYk; ,t;thNw %y%u;jj; piag; gjpahfTk; thfdj; i jg; gRthfTk; > gypgP l j; i jg; ghrkhfTk; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Myaq;fspy; G+irf; fhyq;fspd; NghJ Kjypy; jpiu Nghlg;ngWk;> gpd; myq;fhujPgk; fhl;Lk; NghJ jpiu eP f ; f g; n gWk; > jP g k; fhl; L k; mUr; r fu; gytpj myq;fhu jPgq;fis Kiwahff; fhl;Lthu;. Md;khtpd; gpujpepjpahfpa thfdk;> %y%u;jj; piaf; fhzKbahky; xU kiwg; G > jpNuhjhdk; cz; l hf; F fpwJ. mJ Mzt kyk; vDk; jilahFk;. Mzt kyk; vDk; jil ePq;fpdhy; – jpiuePq;fpdhy; %y%u;j;jpiaf; fhzyhk;. mJTk; ed;whf fhzKbahJ. mUr;rfu; jP g k; fhl; b dhy; ed; w hff; fhzKbAk; . mUr; r fu; Qhdhr; r hupaiuf; Fwpf; F k; . tpsf; F Qhdj; i jf; Fwpf; F k; . kyk; eP q ; f -Qhdhr; r hupau; Qhdj; i jf; nfhLf;f – ,iwtidf; fhzyhk;.cyfj;jpy; ntsprr; k; tUjYk; ,Us; ePq;FjYk; xNu rkaj;jpy; eilngWk;. mJNghy Qhdhr;rhupauhy; Qhdk; tUjYk; kyk; ePq;fYk; xNurkaj;jpy; eilngWk;. Nfhtpypy; jpiu eP q ; F jYk; mUr; r fu; myq; f hu jP g k; fhl; L jYk; xNurkaj;jpy; eilngWk;. vdNt> tpsf;F Qhdj;jpd; mwpFwpahFk;.“Qhd tpsf;if Vw;wp ntspahf cs;s flTis mwpeJ ; nfhs;f> Qhdkhfpa tpsf;fpdhy; Kd;G ,Ue;j Jd;gq;fs; ePqF ; k;. ,t;thW Qhdkhfpa tpsf;fpd; jd;ikia mwpe;J nfhz;ltu;fNs tho;f;ifapy; tpsf;fk; ngw;wtu;> Qhd tpsf;fpy; tpsq;fpj; Njhd;Wk; tpsf;fhf khWthu;fs;’ vd;w nghUspy;; ïªJ xË

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,uj;kyhid rf;jp ,y;yg; gps;isfspd; gpwe;jjpd tpoh 15.06.2014

fy;yb cg;Nghil rpj;jp tpehafh; Myaj;jpy; irtQhdghD nrQ;nrhw;nry;th; MW. jpUKUfd; rpwg;Giuahw;WtijAk;> mq;F tUifje;jth;fisAk; ,q;F fhzyhk;. (25.06.2014)

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Md;kPfr; Rlh; up\p njhz;;Lehjd; Rthkpfs; jiyikapy; td;dpg; gpuNjrj;jpy; epfo;e;j kdpjNeag; gzpfs;

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#a tUl« MÅ - Mo

Md;kPfr; Rlh; up\p njhz;;Lehjd; Rthkpfs; jiyikapy; td;dpg; gpuNjrj;jpy; epfo;e;j kdpjNeag; gzpfs;

eapdhjPT ehfG+\zp Mya cw;rt epfo;Tfs; 11.07.2014

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ïªj¢ RlÇš... ñ

gŠr òuhz§fŸ

Md;kPfr;Rlupd; mUs;kly;

Mb mkhthirapd; rpwg;G

Keerimalai: The spring of our spiritual heritage

eFNy];tuk; vd rpwg;Gg;ngWk; fPhpkiyr; rptd; Nfhapy;

cl«bgD« kidaf¤J cŸsnk jfË ahf kl«gL« cz®beŒ m£o cÆ® vD« âÇ ka¡» ïl«gL Phd¤ Ô ahš vÇbfhs ïUªJ neh¡»š fl«g® fhis jhij fHyo fhzyhnk! (njthu«)

fPhpkiy rptG+kp klk; gpwe;j fij

ñ Kj;jkpo; tpj;jfh; Rthkp tpGyhde;jh; - xU tuyhw;Wg; gjpT -

Rthkp tpGyhde;jhpd; fy;tpg;gzp

ñ Rthkp tpGyhde;jhpd; nrOq;fiy epakKk; tlnkhopf;fy;tpAk;;

És¡»dhš bg‰w ï‹g« bkG¡»dhš gâ‰¿ahF« Js¡»š e‹ky® bjhL¤jhš öa É© Vwš MF«. És¡F ï£lh® ngW brhšÈ‹ bkŒªbe¿ Phd« MF«. ms¥ãy Ñj« brh‹dh®¡F mofŸjh« mUSkhnw.! (njthu«)

jpUthrfj;jpy; rptGuhzk;

epidtiyfspy; ghyh

ešyhrhdhf És§»a jt¤âU nahfRthÄfŸ 21

ñ rptNahf Rthkpfspd; NghjidfSk; rhjidfSk;

ñ irt cyfk; tzq;fpg; Nghw;wpa gQ;r NfhGuq;fspd; nksd Qhd xsp

ñ vd;Wk; tho;e;Jnfhz;bUf;Fk; ehtyh; ngUkhd;

ïtušynth kfh‹

rptypq;fk; gw;wp u\;a tpQ;Qhdpapd; Muha;r;rp

jPg Muhjidfspd; tpsf;fq;fs;

fhkid m‹W f©zhš fdš vÇ Mf neh¡»¤ ögK« Ôg« fh£o¤ bjhGkt®¡F mUŸfŸ brŒJ nrk beŒ¤ jhd« v‹D« br¿bghÊš nfhÆš nka thkid Ãidªj beŠr« thœîw Ãidªj thnw.! (njthu«) Ãiw kiw¡ fhL j‹Åš Ú©L vÇ Ôg« j‹id¡ fiw Ãw¤J vÈ j‹ _¡F¢ R£ol¡ fd‹W ö©l Ãiw flš k©Q« É©Q« Ú©l th‹ cyf« všyh« Fiw tw¡ bfhL¥g® nghY« FW¡if åu£ldhnu. ( njthu«) nrhâna! Rlnu! Nœ xË És¡nf! RÇNHš gidKiy klªij ghâna! gund! ghš bfhŸ bt©Ù‰whŒ g§fa¤J maD« khy¿ah Úâna! bršt¤ âU¥bgUªJiwÆš Ãiwky®¡ FUªj« nkÉa Ó® Mâna! mona‹ MjÇ¤J miH¤jhš mbjªJnt v‹W mUshna! (âUthrf«)

ö©lh És¡»‹ e‰nrhâ bjhGth® j§fŸ Ja® Ô®¥ghŒ ó©lhŒ vY«ig¥ òu« _‹W« bghoah¢ br‰w ò©Âand g©L Mœ ÉidfŸ mit Ô®¡F« gukh giHa }®nka m©lh My§flh c‹ moah®¡F mona‹ Mntnd! ïªJ xË

xËts® És¡nf! cy¥ãyh x‹nw cz®î Nœ flªj njh® cz®nt bjËts® gË§»‹ âuŸ kÂ¡ F‹nw á¤j¤JŸ â¤â¡F« njnd mËts® cŸs¤J Mdªj¡ fÅna m«gy« Mlu§ fhf btËts® bjŒt¡ T¤J cfªjhia¤ bjh©lnd‹ És«òkh És«ng! 38

(âUÉir¥gh)

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âU. á. FkhuRthÄ

nr® fªijah it¤âaehj‹

âU. bršy¥gh mUzh¢ry«

Úâaur® bgh‹. $Þfªjuh#h

âUkâ nah . khÂ¡f«

âU. É. vÞ. Jiuuh#h

âU. v‹. V. it¤âaÈ§f«

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âU. nfh. MœthãŸis

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fyhÃâ. ntyhíj¥ãŸis

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âU. F. r¢ájhdªjh

âU. nf. ïuh#òtÜÞtu‹

âU. ï. r©Kf«

âU. á‹d¤Jiu (fš»)

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âU. vÞ. nrhkRªju«

âU. á. enlr‹

át$ FŠájghj FU¡fŸ

Úâaur® å. átR¥ãukÂa«

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RthÄ éthdhdªjh kfhuh{

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RthÄ m#uh¤khdªjh kfhuh{

bjŒt¤ âUkfŸ fyhÃâ j§f«kh m¥gh¡F£o

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âU. á. j. á‹d¤Jiu

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É.o.É. bjŒtehaf«ãŸis

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Úâaur® br. ehfÈ§f«

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âUkâ bgh‹kÂ Fyá§f«

âU. v«. ehfu¤âd«

âU. v«. nf. rh«gát«

âU. vÞ. átãufhr«

âU. v«. R¥ãukÂa«

âU. É. tšÈòu«

âU. M®. átFUehj‹

âU. Í. Í. Fkh® bgh‹d«gy«

âU. â. Jiuá§f«

âU. É. fzgâ¥ãŸis

âUkâ É. mÇa¡F£o

fyhÃâ nf. kfhÈ§f«

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âU. g. eFnyªâu‹

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âU. M®. kÆšthfd«

âU. ã. fU¥igah

âU. v«. ehfu¤âd«

âU. v«. nf. rh«gát«

âU. vÞ. átãufhr«

âU. v«. R¥ãukÂa«

âU. É. tšÈòu«

âU. M®. átFUehj‹

âUkâ bgh‹kÂ Fyá§f«

âU. Í. Í. Fkh® bgh‹d«gy«

âU. â. Jiuá§f«

âU. É. fzgâ¥ãŸis

âUkâ É. mÇa¡F£o

fyhÃâ nf. kfhÈ§f«

âU. K. á‹idah

khk‹w jiyikaf¤âš 02.02.2014 m‹W elªj Ú¤jh® Ãidî itgt¤âš (khk‹w tuyh‰¿š mÇa gy gÂfŸ brŒJ kiwªj mku®fŸ ÃidîTw¥g£L ÃH‰gl¤âiuÆš mt®fË‹ cUt¥gl§fŸ gâîbrŒa¥g£l âiuÆ‹ mk; ãuâi ïJ.) kNa! mg;gh! xg;gpyh kzpNa! ghnuhL tpz;zha;g; gue;j vk; guNd

md;gpdpy; tpise;j MuKNj! ngha;ikNa ngUf;fpg; nghOjpidr; RUf;Fk; GOj;jiyg; GiyaNdd; jdf;F nrk;ikNa Ma rptgjk; mspj;j nry;tNk! rptngUkhNd! ,k;ikNa! cd;idr; rpf;fdg; gpbj;Njd; vq;nfOe;J mUStJ ,dpNa.

gw;W ehd; kw;wpNyd; fz;lha; rPnuhL nghyptha; rptGuj;juNr jpUg;ngUk; Jiw ciw rptNd MnuhL NehNfd; Mh;f;F vLj;J ciuf;Nfd; Mz;l eP mUspiy Mdhy; tho;fly; cyfpy; tho;fpNyd; fz;lha; tUf vd;W mUs; GhpahNa.

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cilahs; cd;wd; eL tpUf;Fk; khwp epd;W vd;id kaf;fpLk; tQ;rg; cilahs; eLTs;(khk‹w eP ,Uj;tuyh‰¿š jp Ie;jpd; top ailj; J mKNj khk‹wGyd; jiyikaf¤âš 02.02.2014 m‹W elªj Ú¤jh® Ãidî itgt¤âš eLtpy; ,UtP Uk; cUt¥gl§fŸ W vd; Ds; vOguQ; mÇaCwp gyepd; gÂfŸ brŒJ kiwªj Nrhjp mku®fŸ ÃidîTw¥g£LmbNad; ÃH‰gl¤âiuÆš mt®fË‹ ,Ug;gjdhy; mbNad; cd; cs;sth fhz te;J mUsha; gâîbrŒa¥g£l âiuÆ‹ ãuâ ïJ.) mbahh; eLTs; ,Uf;Fk; mUisg; Njwypd; njspNt rptngUkhNd! Ghpaha; nghd;dk;gyj;J vk; jpUg;ngUe; JiwAiw rptNd! Kbah KjNy vd; fUj;J <wpyhg; gjq;fs; ahitAq; fle;j KbAk; tz;zk; Kd;dpd;Nw. ,d;gNk! vd;Dila md;Ng!

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Kj;jpnewp mwpahj %h;f;fnuhL Kay;Ntidg; gj;jpnewp mwptpj;Jg; gotpidfs; ghWk;tz;zk; rpj;jkyk; mWtpj;Jr; rptkhf;fp vidahz;l mj;jnddf; fUspath whh;ngWthh; mr;NrhNt!

cw;whiu ahd; Ntz;Nld; Ch; Ntz;Nld; Ngh;Ntz;Nld; fw;whiu ahd; Ntz;Nld; fw;gdT ,dpaikAk; Fw;whyj;J mkh;e;J ciwAq; $j;jh cd; Fiu fow;Nf fw;whtpd; kdk; Nghyf; frpe;J cUf Ntz;LtNd.

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fPhpkiy = eFyhk;gpfh rNkj eFNy];tu Rthkp Njt];jhd Eiothapy;

eFNy];tuj;jpy; rpy Gjpa tpf;fpufq;fSk; Gjpa nfhbj;jk;gKk;

fPhpkiy jPh;j;jf;NfzpAk; mjd; Rw;whlYk;

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#a tUl« MÅ - Mo

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#a tUl« MÅ - Mo