Navalar special issue (hindu oli teepam 17 suder 7) by Finder 2000

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ehty® khehL áw¥ãjœ

gk;gyg;gpl;b ru];tjp kz;lgj;jpy; 30.03.2013 md;W ele;j rf;jp ,y;y tpLjp khzth;fspd; iftpidg;nghUl; fz;fhl;rp

gpujk tpUe;jpdiu khkd;wj; jiyth; jpU. fe;ijah ePyfz;ld; tuNtw;fpd;whh;.

gpujk tpUe;jpdh; jpU. Rdpy; Mr;rha (,uh[ je;jpu MNyhrfh;> ,e;jpa cah; ];jhdpfhuhyak;) ciuahw;Wfpwhh;

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gpujk tpUe;jpdh; jpU. Rdpy; Mr;rhait khkd;w mwq;fhtyh; rigj; jiyth; jpU. tp. ifyhrgps;is nfsutpf;fpd;whh;. mUfpy; tpLjpf;FOj; jiytp jpUkjp mgpuhkp ifyhrg;gps;is

jpUkjp re;jpah Mr;rha> Mrphpia mNdhkh ue;jyTf;F md;gspg;G toq;Ffpwhh;.

nrQ;nrhw;nry;th; fyhepjp MW. jpUKUfd; ciuahw;Wfpwhh;

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ehty® khehL áw¥ãjœ fh®¤âif¤ â§fŸ 21M« ehŸ (07.12.2013)

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ghbuhL É©zhŒ guªjbt« gund g‰Weh‹ k‰¿ny‹ f©lhŒ ÓbuhL bghÈthŒ átòu¤ junr âU¥bgUª Jiwíiw átnd ahbuhL nehnfdh®¡ bfL¤ Jiu¡nf‹ M©lÚ aUËiy ahdhš th®fl Yy»š thœ»ny‹ f©lhŒ tUf bt‹wUŸ òÇthna!

âUÉir¥gh

Vf ehafid ïikat®¡F muir v‹DÆ®¡(F) mKâid vâÇš nghfehafid¥ òaš tz‰(F) mUË¥ bgh‹bdLŠ áÉifah ñ®ªj nkfehafid ÄFâU åÊ ÄHiy É©ÂÊ brG§nfhÆš nahf ehafid a‹¿k‰ bwh‹W« c©bld cz®»ny‹ ahnd!

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Ä©L kd¤j® nghÄ‹fŸ; bkŒaoah®fŸ ÉiuªJ t«Ä‹! bfh©L§ bfhL¤J§ Fo Fo <r‰fh£ brŒÄ‹ FHh«òFªJ m©l§ flªj bghUŸ ms Éynjh® Mdªj btŸs¥ bghUŸ g©L ï‹W« v‹W« cŸs bghUŸ v‹nw gšyh©L TWJnk.

âU¥òuhz« nrwpjU Kaph;njhWe; jpfo;e;J kd;dpa KWtW khdpl kugpd; NktpNa mWtif newpfSk; gpwT khfpa ,wtpjd; kyub apwQ;rp Vj;Jthk;! âU¢á‰w«gy« ïªJ xË

ehty® khehL áw¥ãjœ

E}y;fs; caph; ngWtjw;F ,uT gfyhf ,e;j ,isQd; nra;j Kaw;rp vy;iyaw;wJ. ,utputhf ,Yg;ngz;nza; tpsf;fpd; xspapy;> Vl;by; ,Ue;jtw;iw mr;R thfdj;jpy; Vw;wp me;E}y;fSf;F rhfhtuk; nfhLj;j ,r;rhd;Nwhid ahh; kwg;gh;? ,e;jpaj; jpUehl;bYs;s xg;gw;w MjPdq;fs; ,tuJ Gyikfz;L gy;yf;F Rke;J gl;lk; R+l;bdh;| fthp tPrpdh;> ,tuJ GyikkPJ fhjy; nfhz;ldh;> MjPd Gutyuhf mq;NfNa thrk; nra;a mioj;jdh;. 'gpwe;j kz;zpy; GFe;jpUf;Fk; Mgj;ij tpul;LtNj vdf;F Ntiy" vdf;$wp tpUJfisj; jhz;b tpilngw;Wte;j ,t;tpj;jfDf;F epfuhf ahUk; ,y;iy. nra;As; eilapy; ,Ue;j ,yf;fpaq;fs; nraypoe;J Nghfhky; nrhy;eilahy; tho;TnfhLj;J 'trdeil ifte;j ty;yhsh;" vd itafk; Nghw;Wk; NgW ngw;whh;. gphpj;jhdpahtpd; Ml;rpapy; tlkhepy mur mjpgjpahf tpsq;fpa Jitdk; mth;fSf;F Kd;dhy; nrd;W 'gQ;rj;jhy; thLk; ViofSf;F vd;d gjpy; nrhy;tPh;?” vd mth; nkhopapNyNa mr;rkpd;wp ciuj;j Mw;wyhsdpd; rpwg;ig> gpd;dhspy; me;j Jitdk; gpuGNt nkr;rpa thh;j;ijia midtUk; mwpth;. vk; kz;zpy; Md;kPfk;> gz;ghL> ghuk;gupak; epiyg;gjw;fhf cioj;j ehtyh; ngUkhd; vd;Wk; jdpg;ngUe; nja;tk;. ,th; jlk;gjpf;fhj tplaq;fs; vJTk; ,y;iy. ,yq;if murpaypy; rl;lrigapNy mq;fk; tfpg;gth; mwptpy; ty;ytuhfTk;> Md;kPfk; epiwe;jtuhfTk;> neQ;rpy; cuKilatuhfTk;> Neh;ikj; jpwDilatuhfTk;> J}u Nehf;FilatuhfTk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf Nrh; nghd;. ,uhkehjid murpay; ghijapy; Mw;Wg;gLj;jpatUk; ehtyNu. ehtyh; ngUkhdpd; ,yl;rpaq;fs; Njhw;Wg; Nghftpy;iy. rkak; ntd;wJ> nre;jkpo; nkhopeil ntd;wJ> fy;tpr;rhiyfs; gytha; ngUfp ntd;wd. xd;Nwnahd;W ,d;Dk; nty;y Kbatpy;iy. jkpoh;fs; jk; murpay; gpioj;jJ. murpay;thjpfis Mw;Wg;gLj;j ehtyiug;Nghy; xU fhtyh; ek;kpilNa ,y;iy. ehtyhpd; vz;zk;Nghy; jpirnay;yhk; irtf; Nfhapy;fs; vOe;jd. ehL KOtJk; irtg; ghlrhiyfs; vOe;jd. kpUfgyp nfhLj;j Nfhapy;fs; vy;yhk; ,uh[NfhGuq;fs;> ,ujq;fisf; fz;ld. vz;zpwe;j rka E}y;fs; vOe;jd. gz;bjh;fs;> Gyth;fs;> ghtyh;fs;> tpj;Jthd;fs; Njhw;wk; ngw;wdh;. irt Mrphpa fyhrhiyfs; caph;j;jd. mit ahtw;Wf;Fk; %yfhuzh; ehtyNu. murpaypYk; vq;Nfh xUehs; ehk; nty;Nthk;. md;W MWKfk; MdnghUspd; MokwpNthk;. ey;iyefh; ehtyNu> ck;ikg;Nghy; xUth; cz;Nlh vkf;F? epd; jpUtbia epidj;J tzq;FfpNwhk;! ck;ikg;Nghy; Raeyk; fUjhj> Rj;jkhd Nritahsd; cUthfl;Lk;! mth;fspd; tUiff;fhf fhj;jpUf;fpNwhk;!

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thœ¤J

jtkhL ntŸÉ thœf jhdK kwK« thœf átdU nsh§» nkyh« átbe¿ brÊ¤J thœf ghtK« gÊí« åœªJ gudUŸ j‹dh by‹W« irtK« jÄG« thœf juÂÆYŸnsh UŒa!

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m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w ehty® áw¥ãjœ É#a tUl« fh®¤âif â§fŸ M« 21M« ehŸ

07.12.2013

MáÇa® FG : âU. fªijah Úyf©l‹ irtPhdghD fyhÃâ MW. âUKUf‹ fyhÃâ K¤ijah fâ®fhkehj‹ át$ k. ghyifyhrehj r®kh âU. j. kndhfu‹ âU. m. fdfNÇa® xU ãuâÆ‹¬ Éiy %gh 50.00 tUlhªj¢ rªjh (cŸehL) %gh 300.00 (jgh‰ bryî jÅ) tUlhªj¢ rªjh (btËehL) US blhy® 15

m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w« A.C. H. C. f£ol«

91/5, nr® á‰w«gy« V. fh®od® kht¤ij, bfhG«ò - 2, ïy§if. ahœ gÂkid : 211/17, nfhÉš åâ, ešÿ®, ahœ¥ghz«. ïiza¤js« Ä‹dŠrš bjhiyngá

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hindu oli

Special Issue of Navalar all ceylon hindu congress 07.12.2013 Editorial Board: Mr. Kandiah Neelakandan Dr. Aru. Thirumurugan Dr. Muthiah Kathirgamanathan Sivasri M. Balakailasanatha Sarma Mr. D. Manoharan Mr. A. Kanagasooriar Price : Rs. 50.00 Annual Subscription (Inland) Rs. 300.00 (Excluding Postage) Annual Subscription (Foreign) U. S. $ 15 (Including Postage)

all ceylon hindu congress A.C.H.C. Bldg.

91/5, Sir Chittampalam A. Gardiner Mawatha Colombo - 2, Sri Lanka. Jaffna Office : 211/17, Temple Road, Nallur, Jaffna. Website : http://www.hinducongress.lk E-Mail : hinducongress@gmail.com Telephone No.: 011 2434990, Fax No.: 011 2344720

Views expressed in the articles in Hindu Oli are those of the contributors. 2

ehty® khehL áw¥ãjœ

$y$ MWKf ehty® khehL áw¥ãjœ m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹wK« $y$ MWKf ehty® rigí« ïizªJ âU¡nfÔÞtu¤âš el¤J« ehty® khehL ÉHhitbah£o, khk‹w¤â‹ M‹Ûf ïjHhf ‘ïªJ xË’ Énrl btËplhf ky®ªJŸsJ. jÄœTW« ešYyf« ngh‰W« irtbkhL jÄœ ts®¤J¥ bgU«gÂah‰¿a ehty® bgUkhD¡F fhÂ¡ifahf ‘ïªJ xË’ áw¥ãjiH rk®¥gz« brŒtâš khk‹w« bgUk»œ¢áail»wJ.

ehtyÇ‹ thœ¡if tuyh‰W¢ RU¡f« $y$ MWKfehty® á¤âughD

tUl« kh®fÊ khj« 5M« ehŸ (18.12.1822) bga® g. fªj¥ãŸis, jhah® bga®

òj‹»Hik ãwªjh®. jªijah® átfhÄah®. ït® IªjhtJ taâš ešÿ® R¥ãukÂa cgh¤âahaÇlK« ešÿ® ntyhíj KjÈahÇlK« Mu«g¡ fšÉia¡ f‰wh®. 1834M« M©L MtÂ khj¤âš ahœ. btÞÈa‹ Äõ‹ fšÿÇÆš (ã‹d® k¤âa fšÿÇ vd miH¡f¥g£lJ) M§»y¡ fšÉ f‰f¤ bjhl§»dh®. mnjntisÆš ïUghiy be. nrdhâuha KjÈah®, ešÿ® k. rutzK¤J¥ òyt® M»nahÇl« jÄœ f‰wh®. 1841M« M©oš ahœ. btÞÈa‹ Äõ‹ fšÿÇÆš jÄœ, M§»y MáÇauhf Ãakd« bg‰wh®. ehty® 1847 kh®fÊ khj¤âš t©iz it¤ÔRtu‹ nfhÆš trªj k©lg¤âny rka¢ brh‰bghÊî brŒa Mu«ã¤jh®. mtuJ ntjhfk bkhÊbga®¥ig x¥òÉ¥gj‰fhf ng®átš ghâÇahUl‹ 1848M« M©L KjyhtJ ïªâa¥ ãuahz¤ij nk‰bfh©lh®. mnj M©L MtÂ khj¤âš ahœ. t©zh®g©izÆš irt¥ãufhr É¤âahrhiyia Þjhã¤jh®. 1848 òu£lhâ khj¤âš btÞÈa‹ Äõ‹ fšÿÇÆ‹ MáÇa® gjÉÆÈUªJ Éy»¡ bfh©lh®. 1849M« M©L Mo khj« m¢áaªâu« th§Ftj‰fhf ïu©lhtJ ïªâa¥ ãuahz¤ij nk‰bfh©lh®. mªjntisÆšjh‹ âUthtLJiw MÔd« mtU¡F “ehty®” v‹w g£l¤ij tH§»¡ bfsuÉ¤jJ. 1854M« M©L I¥gá khj¤âš _‹whtJ ïªâa¥ ãuahz¤ij nk‰bfh©lh®. bjhl®ªJ 1858M« M©L MÅ khj¤âš eh‹fhtJ ïªâa¥ ãuahz¤ij nk‰bfh©lh®. m¥nghJ br‹idÆš É¤âahEghyd m¢áaªâurhiyia Þjhã¤jh®. br‹idÆš j§»ÆUªj fhy¤âš, áj«gu¤âš irt¥ãufhr É¤âahrhiyia ÃWîtj‰fhd xU nt©Lnfhis ÉL¤âUªjh®. 1862 g§FÅ khj« ahœ¥ghz« âU«ãa MWKfehty®, mnj M©L itfhá, Mo khj§fËš t©iz irt É¤âah rhiyÆY« gU¤â¤Jiw á¤â Éehaf® nfhÆÈY«, áj«gu¤âš irt É¤âahrhiy ÃWîtj‰fhf irt m‹g®fË‹ cjÉia¥ bg‰W¡ bfhŸS« tifÆš rka¢ brh‰bghÊîfis Ãfœ¤âdh®. irt m‹g®fËlÄUªJ ÃâíjÉfŸ »il¤jd. 1864M« M©L ij khj¤âš IªjhtJ ïªâa¥ ãuahz¤ij nk‰bfh©lh®. mnj M©L I¥gá khj¤âš áj«gu¤âš irt É¤âahrhiyia Þjhã¤jh®. MW tUl fhy¤â‹ ã‹, 1870 khá khj« ahœ¥ghz« âU«ãdh®. 1872M« M©oš ahœ. t©zh®g©izÆš irt M§»y É¤âahrhiyiaí«, nfh¥ghŒ ònyhÈ M»a ïl§fËš irt¥ãufhr É¤âahrhiyiaí« ÃWÉdh®. MWKfehtyÇ‹ rka, r_f fšÉ¥ gÂfŸ áw¥ghf¤ bjhl®ªjd. rka¢ brh‰bghÊîfisí« Ãfœ¤â tªjh®. 1879M« M©L Mo khj¤âš Rªju_®¤â ehadh® FUóirÆ‹ nghJ Ãfœ¤âa ehtyÇ‹ brh‰bghÊnt, ïtuJ ïWâ Ãfœthf mikªâUªjJ. á¿Jfhy Rfpd¤â‹ ã‹d®, ãukhâ tUl« fh®¤âif¤ â§fŸ 21M« ehs‹W (5.12.1879) kf e£r¤âu¤âš ïiwao nr®ªjh®. ï›tUl« MWKfehtyÇ‹ 134MtJ Ãidî âd¤ij irt¥bgUk¡fŸ mDZo¡»wh®fŸ. et«g® 24M« âfâ ïtuJ FUóir âdK«, ï«khj« (or«g®) 5M« âfâa‹W ïtuJ Ãidî âdkhF«. ïªJ xË

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ey;iy MjPd Kjy;th; =y= NrhkRe;ju Njrpf Qhdrk;ge;j gukhrhhpa Rthkpfs; mtu;fsJ Mrpr; nra;jp Nk

d;iknfhs; irtePjp ,d;W cynfyhk; xypg;gjw;F cj;jkg; gzpahw;wpath; ey;iyefh; ehtyh; ngUkhd;. mg;ngUkfdhhpd; FUg+iria Kd;dpl;L cah; irt khehl;bid mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wKk;> ehtyh; rigAk;> kd;dhh; khtl;l ,e;J r%fKk;> jpUf;NfjP];tu Mya eph;thfKk; ,ize;J elj;Jtij mwpe;J ngUikailfpNwhk;. ghly; ngw;w tuyhw;Wj; jpUt+hpy; ehtyh; khehL elj;JtJ rhyg; nghUj;jkhdNj. “Njd; nghe;J xd;W mfg;gl;Ltpl;lJ. irt rkaj;jtNu khNjhl;l ed;efh; Nehf;fp Gwg;gLtPh”; vd md;W ehtyh; miw$ty; tpLj;jhh;. mjd; gadhfNt jpUf;NfjP]t ; u jpUg;gzp Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ vd tuyhW nrhy;fpwJ. ehtyh; ngUkhdpd; jpUj;njhz;bdhy; vk; kz;zpy; irtKk; jkpOk; cah;Tngw;wd vd;gij ahUk; kWf;f ,ayhJ. ehtyh; ngUkhdhy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l irtg; gpurq;f kuG ,d;Wk; <oj;jtUf;Fg; ngUik jUfpwJ. ,e;jpahtpy; aho;gg; hzj;J jkpo; eiliaf;fz;L ngUk; kjpg;G jUfpwhh;fs;. ehtyh; ngUkhdpd; nre;jkpo; eil vd ,d;Wk; Nghw;Wfpwhh;fs;. vq;fs; kz;zpy; irt MfkKk;> irt rpj;jhe;jKk;> ,d;iwa Ngr;Rj; jkpOk; epiyngw;W ,Ug;gjw;F ehtyh; ngUkhd; nra;j njhz;Nl fhuzkhFk;. mg;ngUkfdhiu epidT$h;e;J tpoh vLj;Jg; Nghw;Wjy; vk; fldhFk;. ,t; tpohitnahl;b mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk; rpwg;gpjio ntspapLtJ ngUkfpo;r;rpf;FhpaJ. ehtyh; khehl;il elj;Jk; gzpapy; <Lgl;l midtUf;Fk; ey;tho;j;jpidAk; MrpapidAk; ey;fp mikfpd;Nwhk;.

xU tho;;j;J Gyk;ngah; tho; jkpo;; kf;fspilNa ehtyh; rpe;jidfs; gug;gg;glNtz;Lk; irtj;ijAk; jkpioAk; ,Us; R+o;e;j epiyapypUe;J

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““Nkd;iknfhs; irtePjp tpsq;Ff cyfnky;yhk;” ” c

““Nkd; ” iknfhs; irteP jp tpsq; f cyfnky; “Nkd; iknfhs; irteP jp tpsq; Ff F cyfnky; yhk;”yhk;” c

Vice- Patrons Dr. (Mrs) Indra Siva-yoham Vice-VPatrons Dr. Balasegaram Mr R Pathmanathan Dr. (Mrs) Indra Siva-yoham VicePatrons Dr. V Balasegaram Dr. (Mrs) Indra Siva-yoham & Trustee President Mr RPatrons Pathmanathan ViceDr. V Balasegaram Mr (Mrs) Sathasivam Anandathiyagar Dr. Indra Siva-yoham Mr R Pathmanathan VicePatrons & Trustee President Dr. VPatrons Balasegaram Vice(Mrs) Indra Siva-yoham MrDr. Sathasivam Anandathiyagar Mr R Pathmanathan Vice-President & Siva-yoham Trustee & Trustee President Dr. (Mrs) Indra Dr. V Balasegaram Mr D Rabindramohan Mr R Pathmanathan Dr. V Balasegaram Mr Sathasivam & Trustee President Vice-President & Anandathiyagar Trustee Mr R Pathmanathan Mr Sathasivam Anandathiyagar Mr D Rabindramohan & Trustee President Hon. General Secretary & Trustee Vice-President & Trustee & TrusteeAnandathiyagar President MrMr S Sathasivam Niranjan Mr D Rabindramohan Vice-President & Anandathiyagar Trustee& Trustee Hon.Sathasivam General Secretary Mr ns & Trustee Trustee Mr D Rabindramohan MrVice-President SGeneral Niranjan Treasurer & Hon. Secretary & Trustee Hon. Mr DRRabindramohan Vice-President & Trustee Indra Siva-yoham Mr V Ramanathan Mr S Niranjan Hon. General Secretary & & TrusteeTrustee Hon.DTreasurer Mr Rabindramohan asegaram General Secretary & Trustee Hon. Mr SVNiranjan Mr R Ramanathan Trustees & Trustee Hon. MrTreasurer S Niranjan manathan Hon. Secretary & Trustee Mr V VGeneral R Ramanathan Loganathan Mr R Treasurer & Trustee Hon. Trustees MrHon. S Niranjan Treasurer & Trustee Mr V RRNagaratnam Ramanathan Mr V Loganathan Mr W Mr V R Ramanathan & TrusteeHon. Trustees Treasurer & Trustee Mr V R Loganathan Trustees ivam Anandathiyagar Mr W Nagaratnam Mr V Ramanathan MrTrustees GRParameswaran MrMr VV RR Loganathan Loganathan Mr W Nagaratnam Trustees Mr C G Sithamparapillai Parameswaran Mr ent & Trustee MrMr WW Nagaratnam Mr V RNagaratnam Loganathan Mr G Parameswaran Mr C Sithamparapillai indramohan MrMr VG C Vamanananthan Mr G Parameswaran Parameswaran Mr Nagaratnam Mr W C Sithamparapillai Mr V C Vamanananthan

Mr C Sithamparapillai Mr C Sithamparapillai Mr G& Parameswaran Building Project Secretary al Secretary Trustee Mr V C Vamanananthan Mr S Balasingam njan Mr Building Project Secretary Mr C Sithamparapillai Mr Vamanananthan VV CC Vamanananthan

Mr S Balasingam Examination Secretary Building Project Secretary MrBuilding VBalasingam Jegendirabose Project Secretary Mr S Mr V C Vamanananthan Building Project Secretary urer & Trustee Examination Secretary Mr S Balasingam Mr S Balasingam Mr V Jegendirabose School Secretary amanathan Examination Secretary Building ProjectSecretary Secretary MrExamination S Kugarajah Mr V Jegendirabose Examination Secretary School Mr S Balasingam Mr VSecretary Jegendirabose Mr Mr V S Jegendirabose Kugarajah Religious Secretary Secretary School Secretary Examination Secretary MrSchool MKugarajah Ravindradas Mr S Secretary School oganathan Secretary Religious Mr Kugarajah Mr V SJegendirabose Mr Mr SMKugarajah Ravindradas Service Secretary Social Secretary Religious Secretary Religious School Mrs PSecretary Sabaratnam Mr M Ravindradas Mr M Ravindradas Secretary Religious Social Service Secretary garatnam Mr S Kugarajah Mr MPRavindradas Mrs Sabaratnam Secretary Publication Social Service Secretary Social Service Secretary Secretary Religious MrMrs VP Sivanarutchelvar Mrs PSabaratnam Sabaratnam Secretary Social Secretary Publication meswaran Mr MService Ravindradas Mrs P Sivanarutchelvar Sabaratnam Mr V Membership Secretary Secretary PublicationSecretary Publication Social Secretary MrMr MService Yasotharan V Sivanarutchelvar Mr V Sivanarutchelvar Publication Secretary Secretary amparapillai Mrs P Sabaratnam .Membership Mr V Sivanarutchelvar Mr M Yasotharan Treasurers Assistant Secretary Membership Membership Secretary .MrMrMMIndusegaran Secretary Publication Yasotharan Mr M Yasotharan Secretary Membership Assistant Treasurers Mr V Sivanarutchelvar . .M amanananthan Mr Treasurers Assistant Mr M Indusegaran Mr. S Yasotharan Thamboo Treasurers Assistant .Membership Mr M Indusegaran Secretary Mr M Indusegaran Assistant Treasurers Mr. Thamboo Mr MS Yasotharan Committee Members MAIndusegaran Mr. SGunarasa Thamboo .Mr Mrs oject Secretary Mr. S Thamboo Committee Members Treasurers Assistant Committee Members SA Thamboo Mrs Gunarasa singamMr. Mr M Indusegaran Mrs B Kanagasabesan Committee Members Mrs A Gunarasa Mrs A Gunarasa Committee Members MrsSV BThamboo Kanagasabesan Mr. Mrs Kanagenthiran Mrs Kanagasabesan Mrs AB Gunarasa n Secretary Mrs B Kanagasabesan Committee Members Mrs Mrs Vasantha Mahadevan MrsV VKanagenthiran Kanagenthiran ndirabose Mrs B Kanagasabesan Mrs A Gunarasa Mrs V Kanagenthiran Mrs Vasantha Mrs NadarajaMahadevan MrsP Vasantha Mahadevan Kanagenthiran Mrs V B Kanagasabesan etary Mrs Mrs Vasantha Mahadevan Mrs Nadaraja MrMrs SPRPNadaraja Pasupathy Vasantha Mahadevan arajah Mrs Mrs V Kanagenthiran Mrs P Nadaraja SRRPasupathy Pasupathy MrMrSSri Mrs Ponnuthurai Mrs NadarajaMahadevan MrsSP Vasantha RSriPasupathy ecretary Mr MrsSri Ponnuthurai Mrs Ponnuthurai Mr SPRNadaraja Pasupathy Mrs indradas Mrs Sri Ponnuthurai Mrs Ponnuthurai MrïªJ SSri R Pasupathy xË

ce Secretary Mrs Sri Ponnuthurai aratnam

“

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KjyhtJ rig> kd; dhH lFftdj; mwnewpg; ,izak; xd;w,yq; pize; te; irtg; bj;j;j jpl; lkpl; L nraw; hHfs; vd; gij ,e;jJ khkd; wk;gkhtl; >nghpahHfSk; =y= MWKfehtyH rig> jpUf; NfhjP Mya ghpghyd miog; pjopy; ivg; j gghlrhiy <h; KjyhtJ mk;Mfpad rrgk;;rl;:ulmfpy iJ f ,e; j tpohit Kd; n dLf; F k; jd; i k. xd; w pize; J gzp nra; A k; ,ay; G miog; g pjopy; ftdj; i j <h; j j ; KjyhtJ mk; r k; : mfpy ,yq; i f rhpj; j puk; fhl; b f; nfhz; L epw; f pwJ. rig> kd; dhH l ftdj; mwnewpg; ,izak; xd;w,yq; pize; J miog; ij ghlrhiy <h;j;j rig> KjyhtJ rrk;;r:u mfpy if ,e; J khkd; wk;gkhtl; >pjopy; =y= MWKfehtyH jpUf;Nmk; fhjPMfpad Mya ghpghyd ,e; J khkd; w k; > =y= MWKfehtyH rig> jpUf; N fhjP r ; r u Mya ghpghyd vk; K s; tsh; e ; J tpl; l hy; vq; f s; Kd; N dw; w j; i jf; fz; L ehNk tpaf; f yhk; . ,e;J j khkd; tpohit Kd; ndLf; Fk; jd; ik. rig> xd;w,izak; pize; gzp nra; Ak;wghpghyd ,ay;J G ,e; wk;>khtl; =y= MWKfehtyH jpUf;NJ fhjPMfpad r;ru Mya rig> kd; dhH l mwnewpg; ghlrhiy xd; pize; rig> kd;miog; dhH ekhtl; l l mwnewpg; ghlrhiy ,izak; wpize; J pjopy; ftdj; i jjd; <h;ijk. ;j KjyhtJ mk;Mfpad : xd; mfpy iJ vk;K tsh; ;J tpl; hy; vq; fs; Kd; Ndw; wj;w,izak; i jf; Mfpad fz; Lrk;ehNk tpaf; f,ay; yhk; .fG rig> dhH g khtl; l mwnewpg; ghlrhiy xd; w,yq; pize; ,e; j s;kd; tpohit Kd; n dLf; F k; xd; pize; J gzp nra; A k; gpwe;w jk;Kd; kz; pYk; > gpiof; te; j ehLfspYk; fs;,ay; rkaj; ,e; jJ tpohit nz dLf; Fk; jd;ik.f xd; wpize; J gzp AMya k; G ij ,e; =y= MWKfehtyH rig> jpUf; Nfz; rnra; ;rehNk uvq; ,e; j s;khkd; tpohit Kd; n dLf; Fk;fs;jd;Kd; ik.Ndw; xd; pize; JfhjP gzp nra;tpaf; Ak;ghpghyd ,ay; vk; K tsh; e;J> tpl; tpl; l hy;vq; vq; wjf; j;wrigj; i jf; LJizj; f yhk; .G =y= MWKfehtyH jiytH jpU vk; K s; f tsh; e ; J l hy; f s; Kd; N dw; w j; i fz; L ehNk tpaf; f yhk; . tsHf; gyuhfr; NrHe; J gzp nra; a KidAk; NghJ vq; fshy; rig> kd; d hH khtl; l mwnewpg; ghlrhiy ,izak; Mfpad xd; w pize; gpwe; je;J kz; z pYk;vq; > f gpiof; f Ndw; te;wjj;iehLfspYk; vq;fs; rkaj; i.J j vk; K s; tsh; tpl; l hy; s; Kd; jf; fz; L ehNk tpaf; f yhk; czuj; j f;gyuhfr; fjmDg; XHkz; cz; ipa k >F=y= mtuJ fhyj; jA py; vj; id ,e; j f tpohit Kd; nNrHe; dLf; k;gpiof; jd;MWKfehtyH ik. xd; wpize; J gzp k;rkaj; ,ay; mtHfs; gpYk; =y= khehL tsHf; gzp nra; aj KidAk; NghJ vq; fjshy; gpwe; ehLfspYk; vq;nra; frkaj; s; iG j miog gpwe; j kz; zz pYk; > J gpiof; f fte; jte;MWKfehtyH ehLfspYk; vq;vd; f s; i jmthpd; rthy; f isAk; > gpur; r idfisAk; vjpHnfhz; b Ug; g hH g jhFk; . vk; K s; tsh; e ; J tpl; l hy; vq; f s; Kd; N dw; w j; i jf; fz; L ehNk tpaf; f yhk; . czuj; j f; f XH cz; i k =y= MWKfehtyH mtuJ fhyj; j py; vj; j id gpwe; j kz; z pYk; > gpiof; f te; j ehLfspYk; vq; f s; rkaj; i j tsHf; f gyuhfr; NrHe; J gzp nra; a KidAk; NghJ vq; f shy; tsHf; NrHe;vd; J dgzp a KidAk; NghJ fs shy; ,d; i war; R+oypy; ehtyH ngUkhd; md; W nra; g ntw; wff pf; Fgyuhfr; f;f fhuzk; vd; gnra; ijAk; jgpf; Ntz; bvq; As; J. ,e; j j rthy; > cz; gpur; rki idfisAk; vjpHnfhz; brpe; Ug; hHfhyj; vd; .id mthpd; tsHf; NrHe; J=y= gzp nra; aehk;KidAk; NghJ vq; fjshy; czuj; j cz; k=y= MWKfehtyH mtuJ fhyj; jpy;j vj; id czuj; jisAk; f;f; fgyuhfr; XHXH i MWKfehtyH mtuJ jg py;jhFk; vj; gpwe; jirtj; kz; z pYk; > =y= fpw; ehLfspYk; vq; fAs; s;py;s ijjjha; tpdh-tpil j pd; Kd; Ngpiof; dw; j Fte; j; jehk; Njitg; gjgpf; LfpwJ. Kf; paj; tj; i nfhs; t J e ntw;fw pf; Ff;f;fJ vd; vd;wepidTgLj; gj; ijAk; pf; J. czuj; j XH cz; i kd MWKfehtyH mtuJ fhyj; vj; j,e; id rthy; isAk; > gpur; gpur; rjAk; idfisAk; vjpHnfhz; Ug; hH gNtz; vd; gb jhFk; .rkaj; mthpd; rthy; ff isAk; >fhuzk; ridfisAk; vjpHnfhz; bUg;b grpe; hHj vd; jhFk; . jmthpd; tsHf; f gyuhfr; NrHe; J gzp nra; a KidAk; NghJ vq; f shy; tpdh-tpil irtj; jvd; pd; Kd; Ndw; wgj; jvjpHnfhz; pw;F j; ehk; Njitg; gjgNtz; LfpwJ. rthy; f isAk; > gpur; r idfisAk; b Ug; hH vd; g jhFk; . mthpd; ntw; w pf; F f; fhuzk; vd; d vd; ijAk; rpe; pf; Ntz; b As; s J. ,e; j ntw; w pf; F f; fhuzk; d vd; g ijAk; ehk; rpe; j pf; b As; s J. ,e; j ehLfspYk; ,Uf; F k; irt F xU ghy g cyfj; gyikghfq; fspYk; ,Uf;Fk; kf; irtfSf; Myaq; fSf; F k;> jrka czuj; XHjpd; =y= MWKfehtyH fhyj; jpy; vj; id tpdh-tpil irtj; jcz; pd; Kd; Nddw; wj;j pw; Fpw; j;FNjitg; gLfpwJ. ntw; wpf;j Ff; f;f fhuzk; vd; vd; gnjhz; ijAk; rpe;mtuJ pf; FNtz; b As; s J. ,e; j tpdh-tpil irtj; jpd;Vidaj; Kd; Ndw; w j; j j;H ehk; Njitg; gjLfpwJ. epWtdq; f Sf; F k; > l rigfSf; k; ,k; k hehL xU rthy; fisAk; > jpd; gpur; ridfisAk; vjpHnfhz; Ug;gg hH Myaq; vd; gjhFk; .Fk;mthpd; cyfj; gy ghfq; fw;spYk; Fk; birt fSf; > rka topKiwfisg; gpd; ,ilA+W Vw; g,J Lk; NghJ ehad;khH tpdh-tpil irtj; jpd; Kd; Ng dw; ww j;jpw; F,Uf; j; toptFf; Njitg; LfpwJ. Gj;JwzHitAk; GhpjiyAk; nfhLf; f F k; . MWKfehtyh; ntw; pf;cyfj; F f; fhuzk; vd; d vd; g ijAk; ehk; rpe; j pf; Ntz; b As; s J. j j pd; gy ghfq; f spYk; ,Uf; F k; irt Myaq; f Sf; F k; > rka epWtdq; f Sf; F k; > Vidaj; njhz; l H rigfSf; F k; ,k; k hehL xU cyfj;jpd; gy ghfq;fspYk; ,Uf;Fk; irt Myaq;fSf;Fk;> ,e; rka te; j irtg; nghpahHfSk; vg; g bj; jpl; l kpl; L nraw;gl vq; f Sf; F j; njhlHe; J nra; A k; irtg; gzpahFk; . epWtdq; f Sf; F k; > Vidaj; njhz; l H rigfSf; F k; ,k; k hehL xU tpdh-tpil irtj; j pd; Kd; N dw; w j; j pw; F j; Njitg; g LfpwJ. Gj;JzHitAk; f,Uf; ,J ,k; cyfj; jk; pd;>GhpjiyAk; gy ghfq;fnfhLf; spYk; FrigfSf; k; irt . Myaq; fMWKfehtyh; Sf; Fk;> rka epWtdq; fSf;F Vidaj; njhz; lH toptFf; Fk; khehL xU Gj; J zHitAk; GhpjiyAk; nfhLf; f toptFf; F k; . ,J MWKfehtyh; vq;J fj Sf; FSf; j; fhl; njhlHe; J nra; Ak;nfhLf; irtg; . k;. Fk; epWtdq; >GhpjiyAk; Vidaj; lHgzpahFk; rigfSf; ,k; hehL topNa xU Gj; zHitAk; fepw; toptFf; F MWKfehtyh; rhpj; puk; b f; nfhz; f pwJ. ePfj; qf ; njhlHe; s;Fjk; xOq; F nra; s;njhz; sL khehl; b rpwg; ghd ,J epfo; rSf; ;rkpfs; cyfj; pd;GhpjiyAk; ghfq; fk; spYk; Fd;k;. irt Fk;> rka vq; fJ Sf; F Jgy nra; Ak;AJ irtg; gzpahFk; Gj; zHitAk; nfhLf; f,Uf; toptFf; F k;. Myaq; ,J fMWKfehtyh; vq; f Sf; F j; njhlHe; J nra; irtg; gzpahFk; . =y= ePMWKfehtyhpd; vjpHghHg; fs; epiwNtwl; LF k;k; . epfo; irtKk; epWtdq; fqSf; Fk; > J Vidaj; njhz; lgzpahFk; H b rigfSf; ,k; hehLjkpOk; xU f ; s; xOq; F nra; nra; J s Gkhehl; d; rpwg; ghd r;rkpfs; topNa vq; fSf; F j;s; njhlHe; A k;ss;irtg; .j;J eP q f ; xOq; F nra; J s; khehl; b d; rpwg; g hd epfo; r ; r pfs; topNa NkYk; tsu mtH Gfiog; ghLk; cq; f is tho; fpNwhk; . ,e; j g; gzpapy; Gj; JzHitAk; GhpjiyAk; nfhLf; f toptFf; F k; . ,J MWKfehtyh; =y= vjpHghHg; G fs; epiwNtwl; L k; . irtKk; jkpOk; ePMWKfehtyhpd; qmiog; f ; s; xOq; F nra; J s; s khehl; b d; rpwg; g hd epfo; r ; r pfs; topNa gq;pjopy; ftdj; ij <h; j;jLfpd;KjyhtJ mk;rk;: =y= MWKfehtyhpd; vjpHghHg; Gfs; Nritiag; epiwNtwl;L.ghuhl; k;. irtKk; jkpOk; <LgLk; ey; y cs; sGfiog; fnra; spd; Nkyhd whk; fsJ vq; fSf; F j; njhlHe; J AghLk; k;s;irtg; NkYk; tsu mtH cq; fgzpahFk; is tho; j;J fpNwhk; . N,e; j. g;cq; gzpapy; eP q f ; s; xOq; F nra; J s khehl; b d; rpwg; g hd epfo; r ; r pfs; topNa =y= MWKfehtyhpd; vjpHghHg; G fs; epiwNtwl; L k; . irtKk; jkpOk; NkYk; ghLk; cq; fisJtho; jf;Js;fpNwhk; . yhUf; ,e; jg;Fk; gzpapy; ,e; J khkd; k; >q;f=y= MWKfehtyH rig> jpUf; NfhjPr;ru ey; y tsu Kaw; rmtH pf; FwGfiog; ,iwtd; JizapUe; vq;tho; vy; yfsJ top <LgLk; ey; y cs; sGfiog; spd; Nkyhd Nritiag; fpd; whk; cq; =y= MWKfehtyhpd; vjpHghHg; Gfs; epiwNtwl; L k;NL .Nwhk; irtKk; jkpOk; NkYk; tsu mtH ghLk; cq; fis jghuhl; ;J fpNwhk; . .N,e; j.f g;ey; gzpapy; <LgLk; ey; y cs; s q; f spd; Nkyhd Nritiag; ghuhl; L fpd; cq; sJ eP q f ; s; xOq; F nra; J s; s khehl; b d; rpwg; g hd epfo; r ; r pfs; topNa fhl; Ntz; nkd tzq; Ffpd; Nwhk; . Nritiag; ey;yylKaw; Kaw; rLd pf; F ,iwtd; JizapUe; J fvy; s; vy; NLyhUf; F k;y yfsJ top NkYk; tsu mtH ghLk; cq; is jghuhl; fpNwhk; . N,e; j gzpapy; rig> kd; hH,iwtd; khtl; l mwnewpg; ghlrhiy ,izak; Mfp <LgLk; ey;ry cs; sGfiog; q;fspd; Nkyhd fpd; whk; .g;ey; cq; ey; pf; F JizapUe; J fvq; fvq; s;tho; N;J yhUf; F k; ey; top =y= MWKfehtyhpd; vjpHghHg; G fs; epiwNtwl; L k; . irtKk; jkpOk; fhl;l Ntz; Lpf; nkd tzq; Ffpd; Nwhk; . Nritiag; <LgLk; ey;Lyrnkd cs; s q;fF spd; Nkyhd fpd;Nwhk; cq; ey; yl Ntz; Kaw; F tzq; ,iwtd; JizapUe; J vq;fs;ghuhl; vy;NLyhUf; Fk; . ey; yfsJ top fhl; fpd; N whk; . ,e; j Ntz; tpohit Kd;ghLk; ndLf; Fis k; vq;tho; jd; i k. xd; wpize; J gzp NkYk; tsu mtH Gfiog; fpNwhk; . F ,e; ey; rLpf; F ,iwtd; JizapUe; fs;j;J vy; NyhUf; k;jg;ey;gzpapy; y top fhl;yl Kaw; nkd tzq;Ffpd; Nwhk;cq; . fJ <LgLk; ey;yLnkd cs; q;fspd; Nkyhd Nritiag; ghuhl;NLdw; fpd;Nw whk; . cq; fhl; Ntz; tzq; Ffpd; whk;. vq; vk; s; es;J tpl; lNhy; fs; Kd; j;i jf;fsJ fz;L eh ,g;K glbf; F tsh; ey; y Kaw; rpf;F ,iwtd; JizapUe;J vq;fs; vy;NyhUf;Fk; ey;y top Ml; r pf; FOtpd; rhHgpy; ,g;ggbf; F Lnkd tzq;Ffpd;Nwhk;. ,g; F fhl; lbf; Ntz; Ml; Ml;rgrpf; pf;FOtpd; ,g; bf; FFOtpd; gpwe;rhHgpy; jrhHgpy; kz;zpYk;> gpiof;f te;j ehLfspYk; v Ml; r pf; FOtpd; rhHgpy; ,g; g bf; F rjhrptk; Mde; jpahfH rjhrptk; mde; jj jpahfh; tsHf; gyuhfr; NrHe;J gzp nra;a KidAk; Ng Ml; rpf; f FOtpd; rhHgpy; rjhrptk; Mde; j jpahfH rjhrptk; ,g; gbf;F Mde;jjpahfH czuj; jMde; f;fjjpahfH XH cz; ik =y= MWKfehtyH mtuJ f Ml; rpf; FOtpd; rhHgpy; rjhrptk; 6 ehty® khehL áw¥ãjœ rjhrptk; Mde;jjpahfH rthy; fisAk; > gpur;ridfisAk; vjpHnfhz;bUg;ghH vd

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Mfk tpNuhj eltbf;iffisf; fisa Kw;gly; ehtyhpd; Mfk tpNuhj eltbf;iffisf; fisAk; Kaw;rpfspy;> irt kf;fsplk; fhzg;gl;l FiwghLfSk; Mya rPh;NfLfSk; Kf;fpa ,lk; ngw;wpUe;jd. Myaf; fphpiafs; Mfk tpjpf;fikahik> Njthu jpUthrfk; Kjyhd jpUKiwfSk; gz;NzhL ghlg;glhik> ghh;gg ; dh;> Nfhapyhsh;> irtf;FUkhh;fs;> cUj;jpuq; fzpifah; KjyhNdhhpd; xOf; f f; N fL> rJh; f ; f r; N rhp elj; j y; > thzNtbf;if> gpwH kid eaj;jy;> tuT nryT fhl;lhik> tpba tpba itgtq;fs; elj;jy;> ngha;> fsT> kJghdk; mUe;Jjy;> #J> ntw;wpiy> ghf;F NghLjy; Kjyhd tplaq;fis ehtyh; fz;bj;jhh;. ,it Myaq;fspy; eilngw;whnyd;d> nghJ itgtq;fspy; eilngw;whnyd;d jdp kdpj FLk;g #oypy;; eilngw;whnyd;d ahTk; kdpj tho;Tf;Fj; jPq;F gag;gNjhL> rKjha tho;tpd; xOq;FKiwiaf; nfLj;JtpLk;> vd ehtyH ek;gpdhH. vdNt> ehtyh; kf;fsplkpUe;J ,tw;iwf; fistjpy; kpFe;j fhprid cilatuhf tpsq;fpdhh; vdyhk;.

Ntshz;ik gzp 1876 Mk;> 1877Mk; Mz;Lfspy; Vw;gl;l ngUk; gQ;r neUf;fbiaj; njhlh;eJ ; > Nrh;> tpy;ypak; fpnwfwp vd;Dk; MSeuhy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lNj fe;jsha; Ntshz;ikj; jpl;l khFk;. ,jd; mbg;gilapNy> aho;gg ; hzj;jpy; "aho;gg ; hzk;> kl; lf; fsg;G> Ntshz;ikr; rq;fk;" cjakhdJ. gq;Ffspd; mbg; gilapy; Kfhikj;Jtk; toq;fg;gl;lJ. ehtyh; ,t;Ntshz; ikr; rq;fj;jhy; irt> jkpo; kf;fSf;Fr; rpwe;j Nritahw;w KbAk; vd;w fhuzj;jhy; $Ljw; gq;Ffis thq;fp mjd; Kfhikahshpy; xUtuhfr; Nrh;e;Jnfhz;lhh;. gpd;dh; ,r;rq;fj;jpd; gad;ghl;bid kf;fSf;F ntspg;gLj;Jk; nghUl;Lj; jkJ irtg;gpufhr tpjj ; pahrhiyapNy nghJf; $l;lq; fisf; $l;bg; gpurq;fpjj ; hh;. 1879,y; Kjd;Kjypy;; Vw;gl;l Njrpa ,dthjg; Nghf;Ffs; fhuzkhf ehtyh; jkJ r%feyg; gzp r; nraw;ghLfis if tpl Neh;ej ; J. 1877Mk; Mz;L khh;fop khjj;jpw;Fg;gpd; Vw;gl;l kioapidj; njhlh;e;J kf;fs; tpijg;gjw;F tpij ney; Njitg;gl;lJ. aho;gg ; hz Vr;rd;l; Jitze; JiuaplKk; ,yq;if MSd hplKk; Kiwapl;lhH. ehtyhpd; Ntz;LNfhs; fUj;jpw; nfhs;sg;g lhj epiyapy; ehtyH rl;lep&gzrigj; jkpo;gg ; pujpepjp Nrh; Kj;Jf;Fkhu Rthkp mth;fspd; JizNahL Ntz;bf; nfhz; lhh;. mtuJ Ntz;L Nfhs; epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ. tlgFjp tptrhapfSf;F ney; toq;fg;gl;lJ. Jitapde; Jiu aho;gg ; hzj;jpy; Vw;gLj;j pa Coy;fs; midj;ijAk; ,yq;if MSdh;%yk; gphpj;jhdp ahTf;Fj; njhptpj;jhh;.

fQ;rpj; njhl;bj; jUkk; 1876 Mk; Mz;L <oehl;bd; tlgpuNjrk; ngUk; tul;rpfF ; l; gl;bUe;jJ. ney;> Fuf;fd; Kjyhd jhdpa tiffSk;> gpw gaph; tiffSk; kioapd;wp mope;njhope;jd> ,jdhNy ehl;by; gQ;rk; jiyJ}f;fpaJld; nghUl;fspd; tpiythrpAk; caHe;J nrd;wJ. ,iy> Fio Gw;W kz; Kjyhdtw;iwr; rhg;gpl;L> caph; thoNtz;ba epiyf;F kf;fs; js;sg;gl;ldh;> gQ;rKk;> nfhba tul;rpAk; Nrh;eJ ; kf;fsplj;Nj Nfhjhhp Nehia Vw;gLj;jpd. ,e;Nehahy; kf;fs; my;yy; gl;ldh;. gyh; khz;nlhope;jdh;. gUj;jpj;Jiw> aho;gg ; hzk;> Ntyiz> rhtfr;Nrhp> muhyp Kjyhd ,lq;fs; Nfhjhhp Nehahy; nghpJk; ghjpgG; f;Fs;shapd. ,e;epiyapy; ehtyh; vt;tpj NtWghLfSk; fhl;lhJ> fsj;jpy; ,wq;fp> gl;bdpahy; thLk; kf;fSf;Ff; fQ;rpthh;ff ; Kw;gl;lhh;. ,tuJ Kaw;rpf;F ,f;fhyj;jpy; vOe;j gj;jphpiffSk;> cah; mjpfhhpfSk; Mjutspj;jd. fQ;rp njhl;bapy; Cw;wg;gl;L gpd; xt;nthUtUf;Fk; thHf;fg;gl;likahy; ,jidf; fQ;rpj; njhl;bj; jUkk; vd ïªJ xË

murpaw; gq;F <oehl;bNy njhlh;r;rpahd irtg; ghuk;ghpaj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;g Ntz;Lnkdpy; irt kugpNy te;j gpujpepjp xUth; rl;lep&gz rigapNy mq;fk; tfpj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd;w fhuzj;jpdhy;> jdJ ez;guhd gpwpw;NwhTf;Fk; jkf;Fk; mt;tg;NghJ rpy Kuz;ghLfs; Vw;gl;l NghJk; 7

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ehtyh; Mfk tpNuhjf; fphpia Kiwfs; ey;Y}h;f; fe;jRthkp Nfhapypy; elg;gijf; fz;L fz;bj;jik Nghd;W> tz;zhh; gz;izf; fjpNurd; Nfhapy; Mfk Kiwf;Fk;> rpw;g rhj;jpu tpjpKiwf;Fk; tpyf;fhff; fhzg;gl;bUg;gijf; fz;bj;Jk; 1879Mk; Mz;L Mbkhjk; "tz;zhh; gz;izr; rptd; Nfhapy;" vd;w Jz;Lg;gpu Ruj;ij ntspapl;lhh;. rptd; NfhapYf;Fj; njd; gf;fj;jpNy fe;jRthkp Nfhapy; fl;lg;gl;bUg;gijf; fhuzfhupaj; njhlHG fhl;bg; gpuRunkhd;iw ntspapl;lhH. <oehl;bd; tlgFjpapw; fhzg;gl;l rpwpa nghpa Nfhapy;fs; midj;Jk; ehtypd; fz;ldq;fSf;Fl;glhj tz;zk; ghh;j;J f; nfhs;s> Mfk xOq;Ffis ,ad;wkl;Lk; filg;gpbj;J te;jikapdhNyNa tlgFjpapw; rpwe;j Myaq;fs; Njhd;w yhapd. <oj;jpd; tlgFjpapNy Mfk newpfSf;Fl;gl;Lf; fl; b naOg; g g; g l; l Myaq; f Sk; > fl; b naOk; g g; g Lk; Myaq; fSk; ehtyh; Myaq;fs; gw;wpf; nfhz;bUe;j fUj;Jf;fspd; rpd;dq;fNs vdyhk;. vJ vt;thW ,Ug;gpDk; ,d;W fhzg;gLk; Myaq;fs; gy t w; W s; S k; ehtyuhy; fz; b f; f g; g l; l tplaq; f s; jpUj;jkilahJ jd;dpr;irNahL eilngw;W tUtJ irtrkapfs; gyUk; mwpe;jnthd;W. mtw;Ws; xd;wpid ,q;F Fwpg;gplyhk;. "%y %h; j ; j p my; y hj Nfhapy; NfhapyhfhJ. %y %h;j;jpahtJ rpiy tbtpdjha; ml;lge;jdQ; nra; a g; n gw; W mirtpy; y hjha; cs; s %h; j ; j p. ,J mry vdg; g Lk; . ,e; e y; Y hh; f ; fe; j Rthkp Nfhapy; fw;gf; fpufj;jpDs;Ns ,Uf;fpw %h;j;jp nts;spapdhNy nra;ag; ngw;wjha; mgpN~f Kjypaitfspd; nghUl;Lj; jd;dplj;jpdpd;Wk; gpwjplj;Jf;Fg; ngah;tjha; cs;s ry %h;jj ; p ,J %h;jj ; pahFkh?" (ey;Yhh;f; fe;jRthkp Nfhapy;Kjyhk; gj;jphpif) vDk; ehtyh; $w;W irtrkapfshy; kdq; nfhs;sg; gl Ntz;banjhd;whFk;.

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jkpOk; irtKk; tho mtjhpj;jth; MWKf ehtyh; vd;Nw nghJthfg; Ngrg;gLfpd;wJ. jkpofj;jpw;F MWKf ehtyh; Mw;wpa njhz;L mt;tsT rpwg;ghff; fzpf;fg;gLtjpy;iy.mth; jkpo; ehl;Lf;Fr; nra;j gzpiag; Nguhrphpah; NrhkRe;ju ghujpahh; gpd;tUkhW jpul;bf; $wpAs;shh; “aho;gg ; hz ey;Yhh; MWKf ehtyuth;fs; xU mtjhu GU~h;. ,ilapUl;filf; fhyj;jpy; tpbAKd; tpRk;gpy; tpsq;Fk; nts;sp Nghyj; jkpofj;jpy; jsUQ; irtKe; jkpOe; jioa mt;tpuz;bw;Fk; Gj;Japh; toq;fg; gpwe;j ts;syhthh;. Kd;Nd gy fhyq;fspYe; jkpofj;jpypUe;J jhd; ngw;w rpy rpW ed;ikfis tl; b Ald; ngUf; f p xU fhyj; J xUKfkhfg; goq; f lidj; jP h ; j ; J vd; W e; jP h ; f ; n fhzhthW jkpofj;ij <oehl;Lf;Ff; flikg;gLj;jpa NgUgfhhp ehtyh; vd;why; mJ kpifahfhJ”. nkhopngah; g ; G f; fiyapNy <oj; j th; jiy rpwe;jth; vd;gjidAk; aho;g;ghzj; jkpo; nre;jkpo; vd;gjidAk; iggps; nkhopngah;g;G %yk; epiy ehl;b <oj;jpw;Fg; ngUk; Gfo;Njbf; nfhLj;jJ ,th; nra;j Kjw;nwhz;lhFk;. MWKf ehtyh; Kjd; Kjy; jkpofj;jpw;Fr; nrd;wJ iggps; nkhopngah;gi ; g muq;Nfw;Wtjw;fhFk;. mg;NghJ ghh;rpty; ghjphpahh; mtiuj; jk;Kld; mioj;Jr; nrd;wpUe;jhh;. ,th;fs; nrd;id gl;lzk; Nrh;ej ; NghJ mq;Fs;s kp~dhpkhh; aho;g;ghzj;jpNy jkpo;f; fy;tp Fiwthdnjd;Wk; nre;jkpo; NgRNthh; mhpah; vd;Wk; aho;g;ghzj; jkpo;g;gz;bjuhNy jpUj;jg;gl;l iggps; jkpofj;Jg; gz; b jh; Kd; d piyapy; thrpf; f g; g l; L mth; f s; gpioapy;iynad;Wk; trdeil ed;whapUf;fpwnjd;Wk; nrhy; t hh; f shapd; mr; r pw; gjpg; g pf; f yhnkd; W k; epge; j idapl; l dh; . ,jw; F ehtyh; ,zq; f Nt> mf;fhyj;jpw; nrd;idapw; rpwe;j tpj;JthdhapUe;j kfhypq; f Iahplk; nkhopngah; g ; G ghh; i tf; F xg;gilf;fg;gl;lJ. mth; iggps; KOtjidAk; gbj;J mjpw; gpioapy;iy vd;Wk; trd eil njspthfr; rpwg; G w mike; j pUf; f pd; w njd; W k; aho;g;ghzj; jkpo; nre;jkpo; vd;Wk; ghuhl;bdhh;. ,e;j muq;Nfw;wj;jpd; %yk; <oj;Jj; jkpoUf;Fj; jkpofj;jpy; kjpg;G Vw;gl;lJ. aho;g;ghzj; jkpo; nre;jkpo; vd;w ngaUk; vq;Fk; gutpaJ. ïªJ xË

ehty® khehL áw¥ãjœ

gpurq;fq;fs; nra;J nfhz;Lk; Guhzg; nghUs; nrhy; y pf; nfhLj; J k; ghuhl; L g; ngw; w hh; . gpd; G jUkGu MjPdj;jpYk; rpyehs; irtg; gpurq;fq;fs; nra;jhh;. ,t;thW MjPdq;fspw; irtg; gpurhuk; nra;J nrd; i d gl; l zk; mile; J 1859Mk; Mz; b y; jpUthrfk;> jpUf;Nfhitahh; vd;Dk; ,U Ehy;fisAk; ghpNrhjpj;J mth; khzhf;fuhfpa rjhrptg;gps;is NguhNy ntspapl;lhh;. mt;thz;by; NtW gy Ehy;fisAk; mr;rpl;L ntspapl;lhh;.; ehtyh; Ehy;fis moFw vt;tpjg; gpioAkpd;wpg; gjpg;gijf; fz;l ,uhkehjGur; rk];jhdj;Jg; nghd;Dr;rhkpj; Njth; ehtyiur; re;jpj;J rpy E}y;fisj; jk; nrytpy; mr;rplNtz;Lnkdf; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhh;. mt;Ntz;L NfhSf;fpzq;fpj; jpUf;Fws; ghpNkyofUiu 1860 Ig;grpapYk;> jpUf;NfhitahUiuAk; jUf;frq;fpufk; md;dg;gl;BaKk; 1861 itfhrpapYk; ntspte;jd. mk; %d;W Ehy;fSf;Fk; jpUthtLJiw MjPd kfhtpj;Jthd; kPdhl;rp Re;juk;gps;isAk; mth; khzth; jpahfuhr nrl;bahiu cs;spl;lth;fSk; rpwg;Gg; ghapuk; nra;jdh;. kPdhl;rp Re;juk;gps;is jkJ rpwg;Gg; ghapu ,Wjpapw; “fw;Wzh; GytUl; fspf; F k; Kw; W zh; MWKf ehtyNd”vd; W ghuhl;Lfpwhh;. jpahfuhrr; nrl;bahh; jhk; nrhy;ypa rpwg;Gg; ghapuj;jpy; “vd;Ds;sq; Fbnfhz;L ,Uf;F Kd;DrPuhWKf ehtyNd”vd;W kjpg;gspf;fpd;whh;. vdNt jhk; jkpofj; j pNy jq; f pa %d; W Mz;L gj;J khj fhyj;jpNy jkpo; E}y;fis ntspapl;Lj; jkpo; nkhopapidAk; rkaj;ijAk; tsh;j;Jj; jkpofj;jhiuj; jkf;Ff; flikg;ghL cilatuhf;fpdhh;;. ehtyh; gjpg;G vd;w kfpik Vw;gl;lJ. gpw;fhyj;jpNy c. Nt. rhkpehijaUf;F MWKf ehtyhpd; gjpg;Gf;fs; topfhl;bd. ehtyh; nrd;idapy; E}y;fis ntspapl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;j mf;fhyj;jpy; mthpd; njhz;bDf;F kjpg;G mspf;Fk; Kfkhf irt MjPdq;fs; ahTk; mtiu mioj;Jg; nghpa cgrhuq;fs; nra;jd. jpUkapyhg;g+hpYs;s jpUtz;zhkiy MjPdj;Jr; rpd;dg;gl;lkhfpa MWKf Njrpfh; ehtyiuj; jk; klj;jpw;F mioj;J mtuJ ,yf;fz ,yf;fpaj; jpwikiaAk; rpj;jhe;j E}Yzh;r;rpiaAk; fz;L jhk; mzpe;jpUe;j cUj;jpu rQ;rpaj;ij Qhgfg; nghUl;lhf mspj;Jr; rpwg;G nra;jhh;.mjd; gpd; jpUthtLJiw MjP d j; j py; rpy fhyk; jq; f p mq;Fk; cgrhpf;fg;gl;lhh;. mjd; gpd; jpUehiff; fhNuhzj;Jf;F te;J mq;F irtg; gpurq;fQ; nra;J cgrhpf;fg;gl;lhh;. ,t;thW MjPdq;fshy; cgrhpf;fg;gl;L tUq;fhyj;jpw; gpuGf;fs; jkpo; ehl;bYk; irtg; gpufhr tpj;jpahrhiyfs; epWt Ntz;Lnkdf; Nfl;Lf; ïªJ xË

nfhz;ldh;. mjw;fpzq;f Kjypw; rpjk;guj;jpy; xU tpj;jpahrhiy epWt vz;zpdhh;. mjd; nghUl;Lg; gyehl; rpe;jid nra;J gjpdhd;F jpl;lq;fis tpsf; f p epiwNtw; w Ntz; b a topfisAk; njhptpj;J mwpf;if ntspapl;lhh;. Mdhw; rpjk;guj;jpw; fy;tp epiyak; epWtj; jkpofj;jpw; gzk; Nru tpy;iy. ,e;epiyapy; <oehL jkpofj;jpw;F if nfhLj;JjtpaJ. gzk; jpul;Ltjw;F 1862 Mk; Mz;L gq;Fdp khjk; aho;g;ghzj;jpw;F te;jhh;. aho;gg ; hzj;jpNy ehk; epWtpa tz;zhh; gz;iz irtg; g pufhr tpj; j pahrhiyapNy rig $l; b r; rpjk;gu tpj;jpahrhiy epWTtJ gw;wp tphpj;Jf; $wpdhh; . mg; N ghJ mq; F te; j pUe; j gpuGf; f s; jq;fs; jq;fshypad;w nghUSjtp nra;jhh;fs;. njhlh;eJ ; gUj;jpj;Jiwr; rpj;jp tpehafh; NfhapypNy ,Jgw;wp gpurq;fk; nra;jhh;;. mq;Fs;s gpuGf;fs; jk;khy; ,ad;w gz cjtp nra;jdh;. mj;Jld; gUj; j pj; J iwapYk; GNyhypapYKs; s th; j ; j fh; rpyh; jq;fs; tpahghuj;jpNy rpjk;gu tpj;jpahrhiy elj;Jtjw;F kfik Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jdh;. rpjk; g uj; j py; tpj; j pahrhiy njhlq; F k; Maj;jq;fSld; jkJ 41tJ tajpy; 1864 Mk; Mz;by; jkJ Ie;jhtJ ,e;jpag; gpuahzj;ijj; njhlq; f pdhh; . ,JNt mtuJ ,Wjpj; jkpofg; gpuahzk;. NrJ];ehdk; nra;J nfhz;L kJiuf;Fg; NghFk; topapy; ,uhkehjGuj; J f; F g; Ngha; mq; F s; s jpUthtLJiw klj; j pNy jq; f pdhh; . mq;F nghd;Dr;rhkpj; Njthpd; khpahijfisg; ngw;W kJiuf;F nrd;whh;. mq;F kPdhl;rp mk;ik rd; d pjhdj; j pNy mj; j yj; j pd; ngUikiaAk; nrhf;fypq;f %h;j;jpapd; ngUikiaAk; irt rpj;jhe;jj;jpd; cah;itAk; tphpj;Jg; gpurq;fpj;jhh;. ehtyUf;F tpg+jpg; gpurhjj;ijf; ifapw; nfhLj;Jg; ghptl;lj;ijj; jiyapNy fl;b xU khiyiaj; Njhspypl;L tho;j;jpdhh;. gpd;G mq;Fs;s klj;jpw; gpurq;fQ; rpyehl;nra;J thpir ngw;Wj; jpUtz;zhkiy MjPdj;jpw;F te;jhh;. mq;F ehtyiug; gy;yf;fpy; Vw;wp thpirfSld; gl;lzg; gpuNtrk; nra;tpj;jdh;. mq;fpUe;J jpUg;ngUe;Jiwf;Fr; nrd;W irtg; gpurq;fQ; nra;jdh;. mq;F kPdhl;rp Re;juk; gps;isapd; khzhf;fuhd ,uhkrhkpg;gps;is jpUtpisahlw; Guhzj; j pYk; td; n whz; l h; nrl; b ahh; ed; D hy; tpUj;jp ciuapYk; ghlq; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;ldh;. mjd; gpd; ,uhkrhkpg;gps;is ehtyiug; gpd; njhlh;e;jdh;. td;nwhz;lh; aho;g;ghzj;Jf;F te;J nghd;dk;gy gps;isaplKk; gbj;jhh;. jpUg; n gUe; J iwapypUe; J Gwg; g l; L g; gy jyq;fSf;FQ; nrd;W Fk;gNfhzk; te;j NghJ jpUthtLJiwr; Rg; g pukzpaNjrpfh; kP d hl; r p Re;juk;gps;isiaAk; XJthh; rpyiuAk; mthplk; 10

ehty® khehL áw¥ãjœ

mDg;gp klj;Jf;F mioj;J cgrhpj;jdh;. mq;F gpurq;fk; nra;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; fhyj;Nj kPdhl;rp Re;juk;gps;isAk; gy jk;gpuhd;khUk; tpj;Jthd;fSk; mthplk; nrd;W rpj;jhe;j Ehy;fspYk; ,yf;fz ,yf; f paq; f spYk; jkf; F s; s re; N jfq; f isg; Nghf; f pdh; . kP d hl; r p Re; j uk; g ps; i s mth; f s; ehtyhplk; ghlk; Nfl;lJkd;wp mtiuj; nja;tk; Nghyg;Nghw;wpdh; vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. MWKfehtyh; jpUthtLJiwapypUe;J rpjk;guj;Jf;Fr; nrd;W rpjk;gu tpj;jpahrhiyia epWTtjpw; nghpJk; Kad;whh;. mt;tpj;jpahrhiyf; fl;blj;Jf;F Njitahd kuq;fs; ahTk; jr;RNtiy Kw;w Kbg;gpj;J ,Ztpy; Ntq;flrhiyauhNy nfhLf; f g; g l; l d. 1864Mk; Mz; L Ig; g rpapy; tpj;jpahrhiy njhlq;fpw;W. jpy;iythoe;jzh;fs; kw;iwg; gpuhkzh;fs; <rhdrhhpah;fs; Kjypa ahthpd; gps;isfSk; mq;F fw;wdh;. fUtp Ehy;fSld; rka Ehy;fSk; gbg;gpf;fg;gl;ld. jpUthtLJiwahjPdk;> jUkGuthjPdk;> jpUtz;zhkiyahjPdk; Kjypa MjP d j; J g; gz; l hu re; e pjpfSk; Ntwplj; J r; irtg;gpuGf;fSk; ghlrhiyf;Fg; gyjlit nrd;W ghlrhiy eilngWk; Kiwapidg; ghuhl; bdh;. MWKf ehtyh; rpy Mz;Lfs; rpjk;guj;jpYk; nrd;idapYk; jq;fpdh;. mg;nghOJ ekrpthaj; jk;gpuhd; cl;glg; gyh; mthplk; ghlq;Nfl;ldh;. nrd;idapNy jkJ ,Ug;gplj;jpw; Rf;fputhuk;NjhWk; irtg; gpurq;fk; nra;J te;jhh;. gf;fj;jpYs;s ,lq;fspYk; gpurq;fk; nra;jhh;. tpUj;njhz;il ehl;Lg;gjp Gz;zpa ghpghyd rigj; jiytuhfTk; epakpf;fg;gl;Lg; gpugyk; ngw;w ,U gpurq;fq;fs; epfo;j;jpdhh;. ,th; nrd;idapy; tho;ej ; ,e;j MW tUl fhyj;jpy; eilngw;w ,U epfo;r;rpfs; Fwpg;gplNtz;bait. rpjk;gu Myaj; jPl;~pjh;fs; rptjPl;i~ ngwhJ rpthfk epe; j h; f shapUe; j ijf; fz; L mjidg; gpurq;fk; %yk; mk;gyg;gLj;jpdhh;. jpy;iytho;

jPl~ ; pjh;fs; Nfhgq; nfhz;L vOe;jdh;. mth;fs; ML ntl;b Ntj Nts;tp elj;jj; jpl;lkpl;lijAk; Fog;gp epWj;jptpl;lhh;. mf;fhyj;jpNy ,uhkypq;f Rthkpapd; rPlhpy; xUtuhfpa jpahNfr Kjypahh; ehtyiur; ruzile; j hh; . mthpd; Ntz; L Nfhspw; f pzq; f pg; “NghypaUl;gh kWg;G” vd;w gpuge;jj;ij ntspapl;ldh;. ,uhkypq;f Rthkpfspd; $l;lj;jhUk; jPl;~pjh;fSk; xd;W Nrh;e;J rpjk;guj;jpNy 1869Mk; Mz;bw; fyfk; tpisj;jdh;. Nfhl;by; ehtyh; ,uhkypq;f Rthkpfs; kPJ khd el;l tof;Fj; njhLj;jhh;. tof;Ff;Fg; gpd; ,uhkypq;f Rthkpfs; jk;ikr; Rw;wpa $l;lj;ij tpyf;fpj; jdpikia Nkw;nfhz;lhh;. ehtyh; nrd; i dapypUe; j ,f; f hyj; j pw; gy Ehy;fis mr;rpl;L ntspapl;lhh;. %d;whk; ghyghlk; ey;y Kiwapy; ntspte;jJ. fe;jGuhz trdk;> jpUtpisahlw; Guhzk; > nghpa Guhz R+rdk; Kjypatw;iw mr;rpw; gjpg;gpj;J te;jhh;. ,yf;fz tpsf;f R+whtsp> njhy;fhg;gpar; R+j;jpu tpUj;jp> ,yf; f z nfhj; J Mfpatw; i w Rg; g pukzpa NjrpfuJ fl;lisg;gb ghpNrhjpj;J ntspapl;lhh;. rp.it.jhNkhjuk;gps;is Nrdhtiuaj;ij ehtyiuf; nfhz;L ghpNrhjpg;gpj;J 1868 ,y; ntspapl;lhh;. ,t;thW jkpofj;jpNy aho;g;ghzj; jkpo; nre;jkpo; vd;W epiyehl;bAk; ehtyh; vd;w gl;lj;ijg; ngw;Wk; irtg; gpurq;fkhhp nghope;J irtg; gapiu tsh;j;Jk;> irt MjPdq;fspw; gyUf;Fr; rka mwpTk; jkpowpTk; Cl;bAk;> mt;thjPdq;fisr; irtg;gzpapYk; jkpo;j; njhz;bYk; top elj;jpAk; rptepe;jidiaAk; Nghypf; nfhs;iffisAk; ePff ; pAk; rpjk;gu irt tpj;jpahrhiy %yk; jkpo;f; fy;tpiar; rka mbg;gilapy; tsh;j;Jk; ehtyh; gjpg;G vd;W vtUk; kjpg;Gf; nfhLf;ff; $ba Kiwapy; Ehy;fis gpuRhpj;Jk; jkpofj;ij <oehl;bw;Ff; flikg;gLj;jpapUf;fpd;whh; aho;g;ghzj;J ey;Yhh; MWKfehtyh;.

(ed;wp : ehtyh; khehL tpoh kyh; - 1969)

rpjk;guj;jpYs;s MWKf ehtyh; cUtr;rpiy ïªJ xË

rpjk;guj;jpYs;s Gz;zpa ehr;rpahh; klk; 11

ehty® khehL áw¥ãjœ

irtf; fy;tpg; ghuk;ghpaj;Jf;F tpj;jpl;lth;

md;idAk; gpjhTkhd ehtyh; ngUkhd;

me;jf; fhyj;jpy; ghlrhiy vd fl;Lf; Nfhg; G fpilahj NghJ ek;kth; fy;tp

MWKf ehtyh; jkpo;g; gps;isfSf;F md;idahAk; gpjhthAk; ,Uf;fpwhh;. jkpo; mwpit tsur; nra;jyhy; mth; ekf;nfy;yhk; md;id: rka mwpit tsur; nra;jyhy; mth; gpjh. md;idAk; gpjhTkhd ehtyh; ngUkhid ehk; kwf;fyhfhJ. ehtyh; rhpj;jpuj;ij ehq;fs; gbf;f Ntz;Lk;. ehtyh; ngUkhd; je;j nghpa Guhz trdk; rka gf;jpia tsh;f;Fk; xU gz;lrhiy. me;j gz;lrhiyapy; gpuNtrpg;gjw;F ehtyh; rhpj;jpuk; cgfhukhapUf;Fk;.

Nfs;tpfspy; rpwe;J tpsq;ff; fhuzkhapUe;jJ xU ghuk;ghpak;. mJNt ekJ irtf; fy;tpg; ghuk;ghpakhFk;. mJ nghpath;fisad;wp mlf;fnthLf;fkhf xOfp mthplk; tud;Kiwahf vy;yhtw;iwAk; fw;wwpjyhFk;. <oj;jpYk; jkpo; ehl;bYk; irtf; fy;tp kWkyh;r;rpapd; xsptpsf;fhfj; jpfo;e;jth;fSs; ehaf kzpahf tpsq;fpath; ey;Yhh; =y= MWKf ehtyh; mth;fshth;. irtg;Gyth; f.rp.Fyuj;jpdk;. (ed;wp:- rptj;jkpo; Muha;r;rpf; fl;Liufs;-1985)

-gz;bjkzp rp.fzgjpg;gps;is

ehtyh; tpUJ

ehtyhpd; fQ;rpj; njhl;bj; jUkk;

jpUthtLJiw MjPdk; kpfTk; gpurpj;jkhdJ. kpfTk; Mw;wYilath;fSf;Nf MjPdk; md;iwa ehspy; gl;lk; toq;fpte;jJ. MWKfehtyUf;F ‘ehtyh;’ vd;w tpUijf; nfhLj;J xg;Gah;tw;w cah; nfsutj;ij toq;fpa tuyhW kfj;jhdJ. 1849 Mb khjj;jpy; Ehy;fis mr;rpLtjw;Fhpa mr;rpae;jpuk; thq;Ftjw;fhf ,e;jpag; gazk; Nkw;nfhz;lhh;. mg;NghJ jpUthtLJiw MjPdj;jpw;F nrd;wpUe;j NghJ mtuJ irtg; gpurq;fj;ijf; Nfl;l MjPdj;jpdh;> ,tuJ thf;Ftd;ikiaf; Fwpj;J kpf kfpo;e;J rpwg;Gg; gl;lj;ij #l;bdhh;fs; vd;gJ tuyhW.

grp te;jhy; gj;Jk; gwe;J NghFk; vd;ghh;fs;. kio ,d;ikahy; Vw;gl;l tul;rp fhuzkhf the;jpNgjp NehapdhYk;> gl;bdpr; rhtpdhYk; kf;fs; Jbj;j Ntisapy;> mth;fspd; grpiag; Nghf;Ftjw;F ehtyh; nra;j njhz;L kwf;f KbahjJ. 1876-77Mk; fhyg; gFjpapy; aho;g;ghzj;jpy; Vw;gl;l mj;jifa mtyepiyapd; NghJ ‘fQ;rpj; njhl;bj; jUkk;’ vd;w Nritia mwpKfk; nra;J> grpahy; thbath;fis MWjy; gLj;j ,g;ngUkfdhh; nra;j njhz;L Nghw;Wjw;FhpaJ.

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,e;J rPu;jpUj;jf;fhuu;” vd;W Nru; nghd;dk;gyk; ,uhkehjd; mtu;fshy; Nghw;wpg; ghuhl; l g; g l; l ngUikf; F upatu; MWKfehtyu; mtu;fs;. jkpo;nkhopf;Fk;> ,e;J rkaj;jpw;Fk; jdJ gy;NtW nraw;ghLfspd; %yk; vOr;rpAk;> ngUikAk; Nru;j;jtu; vd;gJld; kl;Lkd;wp> ,yq;iftho; jkpo; kf;fsJ gz;ila ghuk;gupa ,Ug;ig tuyhw;W uPjpapy; cWjpg;gLj;jTk;> murpay; jiytu;fis Neupa topapy; nraw;gl;L kf;fSf;Fj; njhz;lhw;wTk; ehtyu; ngUkhd; ghLgl;lhu;. mjd; gaid rKjhak; ngw;Wg; ngUikAk; nfhz;lJ. aho;gg ; hzk; ey;Y}upNy fe;jg;gpsi ; s rptfhkpak;ik jk; g jpf; F g; Gj; j pudhfg; gpwe; j MWKfj; j pw; F ehtyu; vd;w gl;lj;ijj; jkpo;ehL jpUthtLJiw MjPdk; toq;fpf; nfsutpj;jJ. md;W njhl;L mtu; MWKfehtyu; vd;W miof;fg;glyhdhu;. fly; fle;J jkpo; kf;fs; thOk; ehLfspYk; ehtyu; ngUkhd; ngUikngw;wjd; %yk; ,yq;ifj; jkpo; ehLk; ngUikngw top Nfhyg;gl;lJ. xU r%fj;jpd; capu; ehbahaiktJ nkhop. nkhopapd; N wy; rpe; j idapy; i y> Ngr; r py; i y. kdpjdpd; MwhtJ mwpthd gFj; j wpitg; gad;gLj;Jk; rhjdkhf tpsq;FtJ nkhopNa. mjpYk; gf;jpnkhopnad;w ngUikAld; Nghw;wg;gLk; Mjp Kjy;nkhopahk; ek; jha;nkhopahd jkpo;nkhopawpit Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf ,ytr tFg;Gf;fis elj;jp jkpo; nkhop Mu;tj;ij Vw;gLj;jpdhu;. mj;Jld; rk;gpujha rlq;Ffs; kl;LNk rkak; vd;W vz;zpr; nraw;gl;l kf;fsplj;jpy; rka jj;Jtq;fis njspthf vLj;Jiuj;J rka ek;gpf;ifiaAk;> mjd; %yk; rka kWkyu;r;rpiaAk; Vw;gLj;jpdhu; ehtyu;. ,jd;nghUl;L rkag; gpurhufu;fisg; gapw;Wtpf;Fk; jpl;lk; tFj;J nraw;gLj;jpdhu;. ehtyu; md;W njhlq; f pa Fwpj; j jpl; l j; j pd; Njit ,d; W k; czug;gLfpd;wJ. aho;. kj;jpa fy;Y}upapy; Mrpupauhfg; gzpahw;wpa MWKfehtyu; Ngu;rpty; ghjpupahupd; Ntz;LNfhis Vw;W iggpisj; jkpo; nkhopapy; nkhop ngau;j;jhu;. mg;gzpia Mw;wpajd; %yk; fpwp];jt rkak; njhlu; g hd G+uz mwpitg; ngWk; tha; g ; i gg; ngw;whu;. gy rka mwpitg; ngw;wjd; %yk; irtrkak; njhlu;ghf me;epa rkaj;jtu;fshy; jtwhfTk;> ïªJ xË

ehty® khehL áw¥ãjœ

ÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙ

gupfhuk;> epUrdk; Kjypa fz;ld Mf;fq;fis ,jd;nghUl;L ntspapl;lhu;. rKfg; gpur; r pidfs; njhlu; g pYk; murpay; epiyikfs; njhlu;gpYk; ehtyu; ngUkhd; ftdk; nrYj;jpf; fUj;Jf;fs; ntspapl;Ls;shu;. mit fl;LiufshfTk;> fz;ldq;fshfTk; ntspaplg;gl;ld. mit njhFf;fg;gl;L “ehtyu; gpuge;jk;” vd;w ngaupy; ntspte;jd. rka eyDf;Fk;> Nkk;ghl;Lf;Fk; kl;Lkd;wp fy;tp> nkhop> r%f> murpay; eyd;fSf;fhfTk; cioj;jtu; MWKfehtyu;. ,it ahtw;wpw;Fk; Nkyhf MWKfehtyUf;Fr; rpwg; G r; Nru; g ; g J ,yq; i fapy; ,e; J f; f sJk; > jkpou;fsJk; njhd;ik tuyhw;iwAk;> gz;ila ,Ug;gpd; rpwg;igAk; ntspf;nfhz;Lte;j mtupd; ghupagzpNa vd;gij kwe;Jtpl KbahJ. xU ,dj;jpd;> rkaj;jpd;> nkhopapd; gz;ila tuyhw;iw cWjpg;gLj;Jk; rhd;Wfs; kpfg;ngWkjp tha; e ; j it. me; j topapNy ehtyu; ngUkhd; ,yq;ifapy; Ntnwe;j rkaKk; cl;GfhjJ kl;Lky;y cyfpy; Ntnwe;j rkaf; fUj;Jf;fSk; fUf;fl;lhj fhyj;jpy; rpwg;Gld; tpsq;fpa gQ;Nr];tuq;fs; Ie;jpy; ,uz;lhfpa (Njthug;ghly; ngw;w jpUj;jyq;fshd jpUf;NfhNz];tuk;> jpUf;NfjP];tuk;) vd;gd kPsTk; ntspAyfj;jpw;Fj; njupar; nra;jtu; vd;w rpwg;Gf;Fk; cupj; J ilahfpd; w hu; É Nghw; w g; g Lk; jd; i kiag; ngWfpd;whu;. “aho;g;ghzr; irtepiy” vd;w gpuRuj;jpy; mtu; gpd;tUkhW kf;fisj; njspTgLj;jpAs;shu;. “irt rkapfNs! Njthuk; ngw;w rptj;jyq;fs; ,uz;L ,t; t pyq; i fapYs; s d. mitfSnyhd; w hfpa jpUNfhzkiyf; F r; rk; g e; j %u; j ; j p ehadhupd; jpUg;gjpfk; xd;Ws;sJ. kw;nwhd;whfpa jpUf; N fjP ] ; t uj; J f; F Re; j u%u; j ; j p ehadhu; jpUg;gjpfnkhd;Wk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ” vd;Wk;. “kd;dhUf;Fr; rkPgj;jpy; khe;Njhl;lj;jpNy jpUf;NfjP];tuk; vd;w Njd; nghe;J xd;W cs;sJ. mq;F kUe;J xd;W kiwe;jpUf;fpd;wJ. mijr; nrd;wilAq;fs;” vd;Wk; $wpAs;shu;. tuyhw;Wf; fhyj;jpw;F Kw;gl;l Guhz> ,jpfhrfhy gok;ngUk; rpthyaq;fs; ,uz;Lk; kPnsOr;rp ngw;W ,yq;iftho; ,e;Jf;fspd; gz;ila ngUikia cyfpw; F ntspg; g Lj; j ehtyu; Mw; w pa gzp kfj;jhdJ. MWKfehtyu; ngUkhd; rkak;> nkhop> fy;tp> r%fk;> murpay;> tuyhW vd;W rfy JiwfspYk; ftdk; nrYj;jpj; jkpo; ,e;J kf;fsJ neQ;rpNy epue;ju ,lk; ngw;Wtpl;lhu;. J}a rpe;jidAld; jd; tho;it rKjha Nehf;fpy; mu;g;gzpj;Jr; nraw;gl;l ehtyu; ngUkhd; itaj;Js; tho;thq;F tho;e;jjd; gadhf ,d;W thDiwAk; nja;tkhfg; Nghw;wg;gLk; Ngw;iwg; ngw;Ws;shu;. ïªJ xË

ey;Yhh; MWKfehtydhh; Rthkp tpGyhde;jh; ÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙ

njh

y;ypay; tOthr; irtEhw; Gyth; Jhnewpj; jkpOiu ahsh; ey;ypaw; Gyth; ,irjUk; Gyth; ehlf etpw;wpa Gyth; nrhy;ypaw; nwhifEhy; thdEhy; jUf;fk; NjhkW fzpjEhy; Kjyhk; gy;fiyg; Gyth;f;F ciwtpl khfpg; gue;jpir naa;Jk;aho;g; ghzk; Mhpah; Mop Nte;jnud; wtdp Gfo;e;Jiu mspf;fey; Yhhpw; rPhpa nrq;Nfhy; nrYj;jpa Nte;jh; nrd;wgpd; irtepe; jidnra; G+hpah; Ml;rp Gf;fJ fz;L nghwhJGz; zpaj;jpir ele;j Nehpay; Qhd tpsf;nfD Kdptd; epiwGfo; kuGNkk; glNt! jpy;iytho; $j;jd; jpUtU SUthk; rPh;r;rpt fhkRe; jhpahh; vy;iyapy; fUizf; nfhs;fy kha vopw;rpt fhkpahh; tapw;wpy; ey;iytho; fe;jd; mUspdhy; ey;iyf; fe;jh;jk; jtg;ga dhf tpy;iyNeh; Ejyhh; fz;tiyg; glhj nka;j;jtd; kfntd cjpj;jhd;. Fye;jU nry;td; mWKfg; ngaUk; Nfhjpy;rPh; xOf;fKk; kUtp eye;jU fy;tp Nfs;tpahy; epiwe;J ew;wkpo; tlnkhop Flghy; epye;jU kd;dh; nkhopapit Azh;e;J ePLrPh; KUfNd nad;d mye;jth;f; Fjtp epide;jJ Kbf;Fk; Mw;wYk; ngw;Wah; tile;jhd;! jd;dpay; Gzuj; jiytd jpay;G rhw;wpa irtEhy; gyTk; kpd;dpay; rilahh; mUspdhy; mr;rpy; NkTjy; eynkdj; Jzpe;J gd;dy kpFe;j nrd;idkh efh;f;Fg; glh;ju ntz;zpehd; kiwfs; Jd;dpepd; Nwj;Je; njhy;gjp njhOJ njhiytpy;rPh; MtL Jiwapy; 16

ehty® khehL áw¥ãjœ

ghtyh; Nghw;Wk; QhdNj rpfiug; gzpe;jt uhizapd; tz;zk; G+tyh; nfhd;iw Gide;jth; Gfiog; GykpF kwpth; $l;Lz;zf; fhtyh; tpag;g ciuj;jply; Nfl;Lf; fUiz$h; Njrpfh; ,th;f;F ehty nuDk;Ngh; jFnkd mspj;jhh; Qhyj;jhh; jFe;jFk; vd;d nrhy;Yjy; ty;yhd; Nrhh;tpyd; mQ;rhd; JzpTnfhs; rpe;ijahd; mtid nty;Yjy; ahh;f;Fk; mhpnjd ciuj;j nka;k;kiwg; nghUl;fpyf; fhfp ey;iyap Yjpj;j ehtyh; ngUkhd; eye;jpfo; nrd;idkh efhpd; vy;iyia ez;zp ,aw;fiy gug;Gk; ,ae;jpuk; thq;fpa gpd;dh;

ey;Y}hpapy; ehtyh; gpwe;j tstpy; ,g;NghJ ehtyu; fyhr;rhu k;zlk;

fUizNa AUthq; fz;Zjw; ngUkhd; foypidg; gjpe;j Ts;sj;jhh; mUizkhy; tiuapd; rhuypw; rpd;dhs; mkh;e;jdh; jpUklj; jjpgh; nghUzpiw jkpod; Gyj;Jiw Kw;Wk; Gz;zpah; jftpid naz;zpj; njUzpiw AuNtha; <z;L eP itfr; rpe;ij nra; jply;eyk; vd;whh;.

kd;DkP oj;ij aile;Jnjhz; lhw;wp khkiwf; fhl;bid Nktpj; njhd;dyj; Jiwir jUikak; gjpapw; nwhiftphp Aiugy etpw;wp Kd;dNk opirahw; nrOe;jkpo; tsh;j;j Kjy;tiug; gae;jrP fhop vd;Dkh efhpy; ,iwth;jhs; njhOjhh; ,d;wkpo; tsh;j;jeh tydhh;.

jk;ik aPd;nwLj;j ahopay; ehl;bw; irtkhQ; rkaKk; Gyth; nrk;ikNr Usj;jpw; nghype;jKj; jkpOk; rPUwg; gzpgy Ghpjy; ,k;ikapw; gpwtpf; fpiae;jkh jtnkd; nwz;zpNa tpilngw;W kPz;lhh; vk;ikAk; gae;j <okh ehl;bd; ,izapyhg; ngUepjp aidahh;

ciuAzh; tpwe;j jdpKjy; fUiz cUTnfhz; Lynfy;yhk; gae;j tiukfs; ctif tpopapdhw; gUf khjth; tho;j;njhyp naLg;gg; giuAU tha khkzp kd;Wl; gjQ;ryp ahJepd; whLk; tpiufko; nfhd;iwj; jhhpdh uhly; tpUk;gpte; jkuUk; gzpthh;;

fbfko; nfhd;iwj; jhhpdhh; mofpw; fhjYw; WUFnka; ad;gh; tbapiy Ntw;f zuk;igah; thpDk; kjpj;jplh uhjypd; tpjpj;j gbapdpw; Wha newpGf epide;J gbfypq; fj;jpdpw; wiytd; JbkOf; fuQ;Nrh; Re;ju tbitj; njhOjpl vz;zpa JhNahh;

mj;jpw kha jpy;iyak; gjpapy; Mfk msitahw; rike;j tpj;jff; Nfhapw; NfhGuq; fz;lhh; tpopfzPh; ngUfnka;k; kwe;jhh; gj;jh;rPh; guTk; ey;iyeh tydhh; ghhpdpw; gd;Kiw tpOe;jhh; mj;jNu nad;whh; mk;ikNa nad;whh; Mbdhh; ghbdhh; md;ghy;.

ez;zpzh; tpidfs; eypTw mUSk; ehtye; jPtpid aile;J Gz;zpae; jpuz;l cUtpay; Qhd Nghjfh rphpaidj; njhOJ kz;zpdpw; gpwe;Njhh; kdka yfy tsnuhspg; gpok;ngd epd;w tpz;zth; Kjiyg; G+rid GhpAk; tpjpapid kjpapdpw; nwspe;jhh; ïªJ xË

khkzp kd;Wl; bUelq; fz;lhh; kdnefpo;e; Jilath; ghjk; ghkzp khiyg; gDtyhw; gutpg; gy;gfy; gphpe;jfh jydhh; jhkzp ikapNy tUjy;fz; Ltif jioj;jnky; ypanydj; jsh;e;jhh; G+kzpr; rpyk;gp ndhypnrtpg; glYk; GJikNrh; kUl;ifAw; nwOe;jhh;! 17

ehty® khehL áw¥ãjœ

cjafhy¥ ãuh®¤jid

âU¡nfhÆY¡F v›thW brštJ?

“bgU§ fUiz¡ flîns! br‹w ïuh¤âÇÆny njtß® monaid¡ fh¤jUËdâ‹ ÃÄ¤j«, njtßiu mona‹ Jâ¡»nw‹. ïªj¥ gfÈY« monaid¡ fh¤jUS«. mona‹ ght§fŸ brŒaht©z«, monaid¤ jL¤J M£ bfh©lUS«. mona‹ K‹ go¤j ghl§fS«, ïÅ¥ go¡F« ghl§fS«, mona‹ kdány vªjehS« j§F«go mUŸ brŒí«.”

Þehd« brŒJ, njhŒ¤J cy®ªj tÞâu« mÂªJ Éóâ jÇ¤J¡ bfh©L âU¡nfhÆš bršy nt©L«. âU¡ nfhÆiy rÛÉ¤jîl‹ öyÈ§fkh»a âU¡nfhòu¤ij¤ jÇá¤J ïu©L iffisíŠ áuány FÉ¤J, át ehk§fis c¢rÇ¤J¡ bfh©L cŸns nghjš nt©L«.

(ehtyÇ‹ Kjyh« ghy ghl¤âÈUªJ)

átbgUkh‹ M‹kh¡fS¡fhf mUË¢brŒj Kj}šfŸ ntj«, áthfk« v‹D« ïu©LkhF«. ntj áthfk§fËš Éâ¡f¥g£lit ò©Âa§fŸ. flîis tÊgLjš, jhŒ jf¥g‹ cgh¤âaha® FU Kjyh»a bgÇnah®fis tz§Fjš, cÆ®fS¡F ïu§Fjš, c©ik ngRjš, brŒe‹¿ m¿jš v‹gitna ò©Âa§fshF«.

cyf¤J¡F fU¤jh átbgUkh‹. ït® v‹W« cŸst®; v§F« Ãiwªjt®; všyh« m¿gt®; všyh« tšyt®. M‹kh¡fS¡fhf gil¤jš, fh¤jš, mÊ¤jš v‹W« K¤bjhÊšfis¢ brŒ»wh®.

âU¡nfhÆÈš m mãnõf«, Ãntjd« KjÈait el¡F« bghGJ jÇrd« brŒjš MfhJ. âU¡ nfhÆÈš jÇrd« Koªjîl‹, r©nlRu® rªÃâia milªJ, F«ã£L _‹W Kiw ifbfh£o átjÇrd« gy¤ij¤ jU« bghU£L¥ ãuh®¤â¤jš nt©L«.

ïuî neu¥ ãuh®¤jid “kfh njtnu! mona‹ brŒj ght§fis všyh« bghW¤jUS«. ïªj ïuh¤âÇÆny monaid¡ fh¤jUS«. mona‹ njtßiu m¿ªJ, njtßU¡F¥ gaªJ, njtß®nkš m‹ò it¤J¤ njtßiu¤ Jâ¤J, tz§F«go brŒjUS«. mona‹, ïw¡F« bghGJ, njtßiu kwthj âahd¤Jlnd, njtßUila gj¤âny nrU«go mUŸ brŒí«.” (ehtyÇ‹ Kjyh« ghy ghl¤âÈUªJ)

ïªJ xË

ekÞfhu«

ehty® eš th¡FfŸ âU¡nfhÆÈš KjÈš É¡ndÞtuiu jÇrd« brŒjã‹ átÈ§f¥ bgUkhidí«, ckhnjÉahiuí« jÇrd« brŒJ, Éóâ th§»¤ jÇ¤J¡ bfh©L, mj‹ã‹ rghgâ, j£rzh_®¤â, nrhkÞfªj®, rªâunrfu®, R¥ãukÂa® KjÈa _®¤âfis¤ jÇrdŠ brŒjš nt©L«. É¡ndÞtuiu jÇá¡F«bghGJ K£oahf¥ ão¤j ïu©L iffËdhY« be‰¿Æny _‹W Kiw F£o, ty¡fhij ïl¡ifÆdhY«, ïl¡fhij ty¡ifÆdhY« ão¤J¡ bfh©L, _‹W Kiw jhœªJ vGªJ F«ãlš nt©L«. 18

âU¡nfhÆÈš M©fŸ m£lh§f ekÞfhuK«, bg©fŸ gŠrh§f ekÞfhuK« brŒjš nt©L«. m£lh§f ekÞfhukhtJ jiy, if ïu©L, brÉ ïu©L, nkhthŒ, òa§fŸ ïu©L v‹D« v£L mta§fS« Ãy¤âny bghUªJ«go tz§FjyhF«. gŠrh§f ekÞfhukhtJ jiy, if ïu©L, KHªjhŸ ïu©L v‹D« IªJ mtat§fS« Ãy¤âny bghUªJ«go tz§FjyhF«. ïªj ekÞfhu¤ij _‹W jukhÆD«, IªJ jukhÆD«, brŒjš nt©L«. xUju«, ïUju« brŒjš F‰wkhF«.

ehty® khehL áw¥ãjœ

ÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙ

ew;gzpahw;wpa ey;iyefh; ehtyh; fyhG+\zk; ,uhirah =jud; ÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙ

cynfyhk;

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epiwe;J tpsq;Ffpd;w vy;yhk; ty;y guk;nghUshfpa rptngUkhDila mk;rkhd KUfg;ngUkhd; jk;ik topgLk; mbahh; fiw jPh;f;fntd tPw;wpUe;J mUs; ghypf;Fk; jpUj;jyk; ey; Y hh; . ,e; j ey; Y hhpNy mtjhpj; j Gz; z pa GU~h;jhd; ehtyh; ngUkhd;. ,tUila Mw;wYk; MSikAk; md;Gk; mZFKiwAk; jdpj;JtkhdJ. irtKk; jkpOk; jioj; N jhq; f Kw; W KOjhf ghLgl;lth; ehtyh;. vj;jidNah rpukq;fSf;F kj;jpapy; jdp xUtuhf epd;W fpwp];jt kjk; vq;Fk; gutp tsh;r;rpAWk; Ntisapy; irtk; Fd;wpg; Nghtij mtjhdpj;J nfhjpj;njOe;j ,th; kf;fs; kj;jpapy; irtj;jpd; mUik ngUikfis ey;yKiwapy; vLj;jpak;gp xU tpo;g;Gzh;r;rpia Vw;gLj;jpdhh; vdpy; kpifahfhJ. ,sk; guhaj;jpNyNa ey;y Mw;wYk; mDgt mwpTk; nfhz;L tpsq;fpa ,th; fy;tp Nts;tpfspy; rpwe; J tpsq; f patuhf ,th; jkJ ,sikf; fhyj; j py; ey; Y hh; Rg; g pukzpa cghj; j pahh; > rutzKj;Jg; Gyth;> ,Ughiy Nrdhjpuha Kjypahh; KjyhNdhhplk; fy; t p gapd; W ey; y wpQuhf jpfo;ej ; hh;. NkYk; ,yf;fz ,yf;fpaq;fisAk; irt rka rhj;jpuq;fisAk; kw;Wk; Njhj;jpuq;fisAk; Kiwahff; fw;Wf; nfhz;l ehtyh; tlnkhopiaAk; Mq;fpy nkhopiaAk; ey;y Kiwapy; gapd;W te;jhh;. jpwikAk; MSikAk; iftug; ngw;W ey;yhrhdhf jpfo;e;j ,tUf;F aho; kj;jpa fy;YhhpapNy Mrphpauhfg; gzpGhpAk; tha;g;Gf; fpilj;jJ. ey;y Gj;jfq;fis fw;Wg; NguwpQuhf jpfo;e;j mth; gpurq;fk; nra;tjpNyAk; ey;y Njh;r;rp ngw;W Ngr;rhsuhfTk; te;J tpl;lhh;. tha;g;Gf; fpilf;Fk; Nghnjy;yhk; irt rkaj;jpd; Nkd;ikfisAk; Nfhl; g hLfisAk; ed; F tpsq; f g; g Lj; j p irt kf; f Sf; F irtj; j pd; mUik ngUikfis vLj;Jiuj;J mth;fs; Ntw;W kjj;Jf;F khWtijj; jLj;jhh;. mJ khj;jpukd;wp ehtyh; jkJ Mw;wypdhYk; MSikapdhYk; irt rkaj;jpd; epiyahd MjpAk; me;jKk; ,y;yh ngUikiaAk;> <L ,izapy;yhj mUikapidAk; kf;fSf;F vLj;Jiuj;J mth;fspd; kdjpy; rptngUkhDila fP h ; j ; j idfis gR kuj;jhzpNghy; gjpa itj;J irtj;ij mopa tplhky; jLj;jhh;. fpwp];jt Ehyhfpa iggpspid nkhopngah;j;J mth;fSila ed; kjpg;gpidAk; NguhjutpidAk; ngw;Wf;nfhz;lhh;. mJ xUGwk; ,Uf;f> fpwp];jt ghjphpkhh;fs; ,tUila mwpthw;wiyf; fz;Zw;W tpag; g py; Mo; e ; j dh; . Mq; f py nkhopia mth; ïªJ xË

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ehtyh; guk;giu ÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙ

jkpof rka tuyhw;wpy;

jkpo; Mq;fpyf; fy;tp> kpf cah;e;j Ngr;rhw;wy; Rarpe; j id Mw; w y; kdTWjp vd; g dtw; w pdhy; irtnewpf;F Vw;gl;l ,lh;fisf; fle;J irtj;jpy; tpopg;Gzh;it Vw;gLj;jpdhh;. tz;zhh;gz;iz rptd; Nfhapypy; nts;spf;fpoik NjhWk; irtg;gpurq;fq;fis epfo;j;jpdhh;. irt rkaf; fy;tpapd; tsh;r;rpiaf;Fwpj;J 1848 ,y; tz; z hh; g z; i zapy; irtg; g pufhr tpj;jpahyaj;ij epWtpdhh;;. njhlh;e;J GNyhyp Nfhg;gha; Kjyhd ,lq;fspYk; rkag;ghlrhiyfs; mtuhy; epWtg; g l; l d. irtrka ghyh; ghlg; Gj;jfq;fs; irt tpdhtpil> rpthya jhprd tpjp Nghd;w Ehy;fisAk; ntspapl;lhh;. ,jdhy; irt rkak; vOr;rp ngw;wJ. ,t;thwhf ghlrhiyfSf;F Njitahd Ehy;fis Mf;fp ntspapLk; tifapy; ,yq;iftho; ,e;Jf;fSf;nfd 1849 ,y; ey;YhhpNy Xh; mr;rpae;jpu rhiyia epWtpdhh;. ,tUila fy;tpg; gzpia gpw;fhyj;jpy; irtghpghydrigapy; ,tUila rPlh;fs; tphpTgLj;jpdhh;fs;. aho;g;ghzj;jpNy kl;Lkd;wp jkpo; ehl;bYk; ehtyh; epfo;j;jpa gpurq;fq;fs; Guhz gldk; rpj;jhe;j Nfhl;ghl;il mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L epfo;j;jg;gl;lit. irt rpj;jhe;jf; fUj;Jf;fis czh;j;Jk; nghpaGuhz #rdk; Nghd;w Ehy;fis vOjp ntspapl; l hh; . rpj; j he; j Nfhl; g hl; i l kWg;NghUf;nfjpuhf fz;ldq;fisj; njhLj;Jk; rpj;jhe;j cz;ikfis epWtpdhh;. ehtyh;fs; jkJ rka Kaw;rpfshy; jkJ rka rpj;jhe;j ghuk;ghpaj;jpy; ek; g pf; i f nfhz; l khzth; guk; g iuapdiu cUthf;fpa ngUikf;Fhpath;. ehtyh; guk;giuapdh; vdf; nfhs;sj;jf;fth;fspy; f. rjhrptg;gps;is> j. ifyhrgps;is> kl;Ltpy; f. Ntw; g ps; i s> tpj; J trpNuhd; k zp nghd; d k; gyg;gps;is> khjfy; Vuk;igahh;> mr;RNtyp Nt. kapy; thfdr; nrl;bahh;> Ntyiz tp. fe;jgps;is> Vohiy rp. nre;jpehijah;> ey;Yhh; it. jpUQhdrk;ge;jg; gps;is> tlNfhit R. rghgjp ehtyh;> nfhf;Ftpy; r. rghuj;jpdKjypahh;> ePh;Ntyp r. rptg;gpufhr gz; b jh; > Nkiyg; G Nyhyp eh. fjpuNtw; g ps; i s> Mtuq;fhy; R.ekr;rpthag;Gyth;> tz;zhh;gz;iz ; q;Nfzp rp. Rthkpehjgz;bjh;> ,Ztpy; eluhirah;> rpjj M. mk;gythzehtyh;> Rd;dhfk; Fkhurhkpg; Gyth;> gz;bjkzp rp. fzgjpg;gps;is Nghd;Nwhh; kpfTk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngw;W tpsq;fpdhh;fs;.

mfr;re;jhd guk;giu Gwr;re;jhd guk;giu ifyhr guk;giu Nghy; <oj;jpYk; ehtyh; guk;giu vd;wnthd;iw tFf;f Kbfpd;wJ. ,g;guk;giuf;F %yfh;j;jhthf tpsq;fpath; ey;Yhh; =y= MWKf ehtyh;. fp.gp 16 Mk; Ehw;whz;bypUe;J ,yq;ifapy; Nghh;j;Jf;Nfah; xy;yhe;jh; gphpl;b~hh; Ml;rpf;fhyq;fspy; fpwp];jt kjr; nry;thf;fpdhy; irtrka ghuk;ghpaq;fs; rkar; Rje;jpuq;fs; Kw;whf kWf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. ,r;#o;epiyapy; irtj;ijAk; ,jd; jj;Jtkhfpa irtrpj;jhe;jj;ijAk; jkpioAk; ghJfhf;Fk; Nehf;Fld; gy jkpo; mwpQh;fSk; nghpNahh; f Sk; Njhd; w p gy ifq; f hpaq; f is Ghpe;jhh;fs;. me;j tifapy; aho;g;ghzk; ey;YhhpNy gpwe;j MWKfehtyhpd; gzpfs; <oj;J irt rka tuyhw;wpYk; irt rpj;jhe;j kugpYk; jkpo; nkhopapy; gy Gj;Jzh;r;rpfis Vw;gLj;jpapUe;jd. ehtyiuj; njhlh;e;J mth; topapy; tho;e;J mtiug; NghyNt irtk; irt rpj;jhe;jk; jkpo;ff ; y;tpg; gzpfisAk; gyh; Ghpe;jhh;fs;. ,th;fisNa ehk; ehtyh; guk;giu vd miof;fpd;Nwhk;. ehtyh; guk;giu vd;W MuhAk; NghJ jkpo; ,yf;fz ,yf;fpa rh];jpu Ehw; Gyik ngw;wth;fs;. ehtyiug; Nghd;W irt mDl;lhdq;fs;> irt rka gpurhuk;> gpw kj fz;ldk;> gpurq;fk;> Guhzgldk; irt rpj; j he; j Ehy; gzp vd; g dNt ehtyh; guk;giuapdhpd; nfhs;iffs;> gz;Gfs;> gzpfs; vd;wthW Fwpg;gplyhk;. Kjypy; ehtyhpd; gzpfis Nehf;Fk; NghJjhd; mtUila guk;giuapdh; gzpfs; vkf;Fg; GydhFk;. ehtyhpd; gzpfs; ,yq;ifapd; tl gFjpfspYk; njd;dpe;jpahtpYk; epiy nfhz;bUe;jd. <or;irt rka tuyhw;wpNy mth; xU rhpj;jpuk;> rfhg;jk; vdf; $wyhk;. Nkiy ehl;Lf; fpwp];jth;fspd; gz;ghLfs; <oj;J irtg; gz;ghLfSs; Eioe;jNjhL Mq;fpyf; fy;tpapd; tsh;rr ; pahYk; kp~dhpkhh;fspd; fz;ldq; fshYk; irt rkaj;ijg; gpd;gw;wpath;fs; rpyh; fpwp];jt rkaj;Jf;F khw;wg;gl;ldh;. ,t;Ntisapy; irt rkaj;jth;fs; ngUk; rthiy vjph; Nehf;fpdh;. ehtyh; ,sikapy; fpwp];jt ghlrhiyapy; fy;tp fw;W Mq;fpy nkhopia mwpe;J nfhz;lhh;. gpd;G irth;fis fpwp];jt kjj;Jf;F khw;Wtjidf; fz;ldk; nra;jhh;. fpwp];jt kjj;Jf;F vjpuhf tr; r pujz; l k; Rg; g puNghjk; irtJh~zghpfhuk; Nghd;w fz;ld E}y;fisj; njhLj;jhh;. ïªJ xË

(ed;wp : ,e;J fiyf;fsQ;rpak;) 20

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ehtyh; irtf; fhtyh; ftpNahfp Rj;jhde;j ghujpahh; ÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙ

jtj;jpU ehtyh; jkpo; kzpg; Gutyh;

fhyf; Nfl;ilf; fyq;fplj; jhf;fp Myaj; jpUj;jk; mQ;rh jpw;wpdhh; Mfk tpjpg;gb mud; topghL elf;f T+f;fpa ehtyh; ngUkhd; jpUf;Fws; topNa jPe;jkpo; kf;fs; xOfp cah;epiy Xq;fplr; nra;jhh;. cynfy;yhk; mthpir Xq;Ff ePNl ehtyh; ngUik ekf;Nf ngUik ehtyh; topNa ele;Ja; NthNk!

rptj;jpU ehtyh; irtf; fhtyh; cs;se; NjhWk; cUf;nfhz; Ls;shh; jkpOk; irtKk; jioj;jpL kl;Lk; MWKf ehtyh; mkuuha; tho;thh; fr;rp ag;ghpd; fe;j GuhzKk; Nrf;fp ohhpd; nrt;tpa thf;Fk; tpsq;F kl;Lk; tpsq;Fk; vq;fs; ehtyh; ngUik etpyg; NghNkh? xs;spa njs;spa Tiueil tFj;Nj ghy ghlk; ehYld; irt tpdhtpil ,yf;fz tpsf;fk; Kjyh Kj;J Kj;jha; Kj;jkpo; tFj;j rpj;jh; ehtyh; rpiyiaj; jkpoh; kid njhW ehl;b topglj; jFNk ,d;W ek; irtk; ,Uf;fpw njd;why; md;wth; nra;j mUe; njhz;lhNy ,d;W ee;jkpo; ,yFt njy;yhk; md;wth; Nfhj;j mku Ehy;fshy;! jpU thrfKk; jpUKiw Ehy;fSk; Guh zq;fSk; Gz;zpar; nry;tKk; Ntjh fkf;fiy tphpawp nty;yhk; mse;J nfhLj;jhh; MW Kfdhh; msg;gW ngUikapd; msf;fh; mtNu! jkpoh; ca;aj; jkpofk; ca;ag; Ngrpdhh; vOjpdhh; ngUe; njhz;lhw;wpdhh; Mrpahy; ehKk; Msh dJNt! ehtyh; ngUkhd; ehtyh; ehlfk; vDk; ,UEhyhy; vd;Ds; sd;ig ehtyh;f; fspj;Njd;| ghtyh; Gyth; Ma;e;je; Ehy;fis Va;e;jd nfhz;Nl Mapuf; fzf;fpy; mr;rpl; nlq;Fk; Mq;fpye; jdpYk; Xq;fpl tpsf;fpg; nghpahh; ngUikiag; NgRf ed;Nw vj;jid vj;jid ,aw;gzp nra;jhh; irtj; jpw;Fr; rpfuk; Nghd;whh; jkpOf; fhpaiz je;jhh; jkpoh; kuG tho khz;gzp Ghpe;jhh; ïªJ xË

khe;jsph; Nkdp ahid kyh;tpop aofp dhidj; jPe;jkpo; thap dhidr; nrgkzpf; ifap dhidf; fhe;jkpd; rhuk; Nghyf; fth;e;jpLe; Njhw;wj; jhid Ve;jpir gutp dhid vd;Ds;Ns tzq;fp NdNd! tuk; ngW thf;fp dhid tQ;rkpy; neQ;rp dhid cuk; ngW Nkdp ahid cah; rpt rkak; tho epuk;gpa gzpnra; jhid ePs; jt Nts;tp ahidg; guk; nghUl; gw;wp dhidg; gw;wpdhh; gw;ww; whNu! ehtyh; mtNu ahthh; ekJ ir thfk j;jpd; fhtyh; mtNu| ,d;gf; fdpjkpo; mKjk; CWk; ghtyh; mtNu|vq;fs; ige;jkpo; cyif ahSk; Nfhtyh; mtNu!ntw;wp nfhl;Lf Kur kpq;Nf! (ed;wp : ehtyh; khehL tpoh kyh; - 1969) 21

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Njrpa tpLjiy tPuh; ehtyh; ftpNahfp Rj;jhde;j ghujpahh; ÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙ

,yq;if murhq;fj;jpdhy; =y= MWKf ehtyh; Njrpa tPuuhf Nghw;wg;gl;L 1971 Mk; Mz;by; jghy; Kj;jpiunahd;W ntspaplg;gl;lNghJ> fyhrhu mikr;rpdhy; elj;jg;gl;l Kj;jpiu ntspaPl;L tpohtpy; Kw;Nghf;F vOj;jhsh; gpNuk;[p QhdRe;juk; epfo;j;jpa rpwg;GiuapypUe;J rpy gFjp ,q;Nf gpuRukhfpd;wJ.

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ehtyd; rPubfs; thop ethypA+h; NrhkRe;jug;Gyth;

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$y$ MWKf ehty® khehL áw¥ãjœ (tuyh‰W¢ RU¡f«) 03

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ešiy MÔd KjštÇ‹ Má¢brŒâ

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ñ xU thœ¤J òy«bga® thœ jÄœ ....

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ñ irt K‹nd‰w r§f¤â‹ Má¢brŒâ

ñ $y$ MWKfehtyÇ‹ rKjha¥ gÂfŸ

jÄHf¤ij <Heh£L¡F flik¥gL¤âa...

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ehty® gu«giu

ehty® irt¡ fhty®

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ïªJ rka ÉHh¡fS« Éuj eh£fS« - 2014 24

ïªJ rka ÉHh¡fS« Éuj eh£fS« - 2014 #dtÇ

01 - òj‹ : mkhthir Éuj« 04 - rÅ : rJ®¤â Éuj« 06 - â§fŸ : rZo Éuj« 11 - rÅ : fh®¤âif Éuj« Rt®¡fthÆš Vfhjá Éuj« 13 - â§fŸ : ãunjhõ Éuj« 14 - br›thŒ : ij¥ bgh§fš 15 - òj‹ : óuiz Éuj« 17 - btŸË : ij¥ór« 20 - â§fŸ : r§flAu rJ®¤â 27 - â§fŸ : Vfhjá Éuj« 28 - br›thŒ : ãunjhõ Éuj« 30 - ÉahH‹ : mkhthir Éuj«

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01 - PhÆW : rJ®¤â Éuj« 03 - br›thŒ : rZo Éuj« 09 - â§fŸ : Vfhjá Éuj« 10 - br›thŒ : ãunjhõ Éuj« 11 - òj‹ : itfhá Érhf« 12 - ÉahH‹ : óuiz Éuj« 16 - â§fŸ : r§flAu rJ®¤â Éuj«. 23 - â§fŸ : Vfhjá Éuj« 24 - br›thŒ : fh®¤âif Éuj«, ãunjhõ Éuj« 26 - ÉahH‹ : mkhthir Éuj«

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03 - â§fŸ : rJ®¤â Éuj« 05 - òj‹ : rZo Éuj« 07 - ÉahH‹ : fh®¤âif Éuj« 10 - â§fŸ : Õk Vfhjá Éuj« 12 - òj‹ : ãunjhõ Éuj« 14 - btŸË : óuiz Éuj«, 15 - rÅ : khá kf« 18 - br›thŒ : r§flAu rJ®¤â 25 - br›thŒ : Vfhjá Éuj« 27 - ÉahH‹ : kfh átuh¤âÇ ãunjhõ Éuj«

01 - br›thŒ : rJ®¤â Éuj«. 02 - òj‹ : Þfªj gŠrÄ 03 - ÉahH‹ : FkhurZo Éuj« 08 - br›thŒ : rad Vfhjá Éuj« 10 - ÉahH‹ : ãunjhõ Éuj« 12 - rÅ : óuiz Éuj« 15 - br›thŒ : r§flAu rJ®¤â 21 - â§fŸ : fh®¤âif Éuj« 22 - br›thŒ : Vfhjá Éuj« 24 - ÉahH‹ : ãunjhõ Éuj« 26 - rÅ : Momkhthir Éuj« 30 - òj‹ : Mo¥óu« ehfrJ®¤â Éuj« 31 - ÉahH‹ : fUl gŠrÄ

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01 - 04 - 06 - 07 - 12 - 14 - 16 - 17 - 20 - 27 - 28 - 30 -

rÅ : mkhthir Éuj« br›thŒ : rJ®¤â Éuj« ÉahH‹ : rZo Éuj« btŸË : fh®¤âif Éuj« òj‹ : Vfhjá Éuj« btŸË : ãunjhõ Éuj« PhÆW : óuiz Éuj« â§fŸ : g§FÅ c¤ju« ÉahH‹ : r§flAu rJ®¤â ÉahH‹ : Vfhjá Éuj« btŸË : ãunjhõ Éuj« PhÆW : mkhthir Éuj«

V¥uš

03 - ÉahH‹ : fh®¤âif Éuj«, r¡â fzgâ rJ®¤â Éuj« 05 - rÅ : rZo Éuj« 07 - â§fŸ : kAhZlÄ 08 - br›thŒ : $uhk etÄ 11 - btŸË : Vfhjá Éuj« 12 - rÅ : rÅ¥ ãunjhõ Éuj« 14 - â§fŸ : á¤âiu¥ òJtUl¥ ãw¥ò, á¤âuh óuiz Éuj«, 15 - br›thŒ : á¤âiu¢ á¤âiu 18 - btŸË : r§flAu rJ®¤â 25 - btŸË : Vfhjá Éuj« 26 - rÅ : rÅ¥ ãunjhõ Éuj« 28 - â§fŸ : mkhthir Éuj« 29 - br›thŒ : á¤âiu¥ guÂ 30 - òj‹ : fh®¤âif Éuj«

01 - 02 - 05 - 10 - 12 - 14 - 18 - 24 - 26 - 27 - 28 -

ÉahH‹ : m£ra âUâia btŸË : rJ®¤â Éuj« â§fŸ : rZo Éuj« rÅ : Vfhjá Éuj« â§fŸ : ãunjhõ Éuj« òj‹ : óuiz Éuj« PhÆW : r§flAu rJ®¤â rÅ : Vfhjá Éuj« â§fŸ : ãunjhõ Éuj« br›thŒ : fh®¤âif Éuj« òj‹ : mkhthir Éuj«

ïªJ xË

01 - btŸË : rZo Éuj« 07 - ÉahH‹ : Vfhjá Éuj« 08 - btŸË : tuy¡ZÄ Éuj« ãunjhõ Éuj« 10 - PhÆW : óuiz Éuj« 14 - ÉahH‹ : r§flAu rJ®¤â fzgâ Éuj« 17 - PhÆW : fh®¤âif Éuj« #‹khZlÄ 18 - â§fŸ : $»UZz b#aªâ 21 - ÉahH‹ : Vfhjá Éuj« 22 - btŸË : ãunjhõ Éuj« 25 - â§fŸ : mkhthir Éuj« 29 - btŸË : Éehaf rJ®¤â Éuj« 30 - rÅ : ÇÎ gŠrÄ 31 - PhÆW : rZo Éuj«

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03 - òj‹ : MtÂ _y« 05 - btŸË : gÇt®¤jd Vfhjá Éuj« 06 - rÅ : ãunjhõ Éuj« 08 - â§fŸ : óuiz Éuj« ckhknfÞtu Éuj« 12 - btŸË : r§flAu rJ®¤â 13 - rÅ : kAhguÂ 14 - PhÆW : fh®¤âif Éuj« fãy rZo 16 - br›thŒ : k¤âahZlÄ 19 - btŸË : Vfhjá Éuj« 21 - PhÆW : ãunjhõ Éuj« 22 - â§fŸ : nfjhßÞtu Éuj« 23 - br›thŒ : mkhthir Éuj« 24 - òj‹ : etuh¤âÇ Éujhu«g« 28 - PhÆW : rJ®¤â Éuj« 29 - â§fŸ : rZo Éuj« 30 - br›thŒ : ruÞtâ ó#hu«g«

m¡nlhg®

02 - ÉahH‹ : r u Þ t â ó i # kAh etÄ Éuj« 03 - btŸË : É#ajrÄ, nfjhu bfsÇ Éujhu«g« 04 - rÅ : Vfhjá Éuj« 06 - â§fŸ : ãunjhõ Éuj« 08 - òj‹ : óuiz Éuj« 24

m¡nlhg® (bjhl®¢á) 11 - rÅ : fh®¤âif Éuj« r§flAu rJ®¤â 19 - PhÆW : Vfhjá Éuj« 21 - br›thŒ : ãunjhõ Éuj« 22 - òj‹ : ÔghtË âUehŸ 23 - ÉahH‹ : mkhthir Éuj« nfjhubfsÇ Éuj« Ãiwî 24 - btŸË : fªjrZo Éujhu«g« 27 - â§fŸ : rJ®¤â Éuj« 28 - br›thŒ : Þfªj gŠrÄ 29 - òj‹ : fªjrZo Éuj« Ãiwî 31 - btŸË : nfhZlhZlÄ

et«g®

03 - â§fŸ : c¤jhd Vfhjá Éuj« 04 - br›thŒ : ãunjhõ Éuj« 06 - ÉahH‹ : óuiz Éuj« 07 - btŸË : fh®¤âif Éuj« : I¥gá¥ guÂ 10 - â§fŸ : r§flAu rJ®¤â 18 - br›thŒ : Vfhjá Éuj« 20 - ÉahH‹ : ãunjhõ Éuj« 22 - rÅ : mkhthir Éuj« 26 - òj‹ : rJ®¤â Éuj« 27 - ÉahH‹ : rZo Éuj«

or«g®

02 - br›thŒ : Vfhjá Éuj« 04 - ÉahH‹ : ãunjhõ Éuj« 05 - btŸË : âU¡fh®¤âif Éuj« Fkhuhya Ôg« r®thyaÔg« 06 - rÅ : óuiz Éuj« ÉZQthya Ôg« 07 - PhÆW : Éehaf Éujhu«g« 10 - òj‹ : r§flAu rJ®¤â 18 - ÉahH‹ : Vfhjá Éuj« 19 - btŸË : ãunjhõ Éuj« 21 - PhÆW : mkhthir Éuj« 25 - ÉahH‹ : rJ®¤â Éuj« 27 - rÅ : âUbt«ghit ó#hu«g«, Éehaf rZo Éuj«

khk‹w ÃfœîfŸ (2014) enlr® mãnõf âd§fŸ 13 . 02 . 2014 23 . 04 . 2014 04 . 07 . 2014 07 . 09 . 2014 07 . 10 . 2014

(khá ó®tg£r rJ®¤já) (á¤âiu âUnthz«) (MÅ c¤ju«) (MtÂ ó®tg£r rJ®¤já) (òu£lhâ ó®tg£r rJ®¤já)

khk‹w tUlhãnõf« 16 .04 .2014 : (á¤âiu Rthâ)

FUóir âd§fŸ

10 .04 . 2014 : nahf® RthÄ 24 .04 . 2014 : âUehî¡fuR ehadh® 13 . 06 . 2014 : âUPhdr«gªj_®¤âehadh® 02 . 07 . 2014 : khÂ¡fthrf RthÄfŸ 03 . 08 . 2014 : Rªju_®¤â ehadh® 12 . 12 . 2014 : $y$ MWKfehty®

Ãidî âd§fŸ

19 . 07 . 2014 : RthÄ Éòyhdªj® 05 . 12 . 2014 : $y$ MWKfehty®

ehty® khehL áw¥ãjœ

mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;w Kfhikg; Nguitf; $l;lk; - 2013

30.11.2013 md;W khkd;wj; jiyikafj;jpy; ele;j khkd;wj;jpd; 58tJ Mz;Lg; nghJf;$l;l epfo;Tfs; ïªJ xË

ehty® khehL áw¥ãjœ

nfhOk;G khefhpy; =y= MWKfehtyh; tpoh

=y= MWKf ehtyh; ngUkhDf;F rpt= F. itj;jP];tuf;FUf;fs; jPghuhjid nra;fpwhh;.

Kidth; (kJiu) ,sir Re;juk; mth;fSf;F jpU. f. n[fjPrd; kw;Wk; cLit v];. jpy;iy eluh[h nfsutk; nra;fpd;whh;fs;

nrQ;Nrhpkiy jpUee;jtd klk; Kj;J rptuhk RthkpfSf;F khkd;w mwq;fhtyh;rigj; jiytUk; gpujpj; jiytUk; nfsutk; nra;fpd;whh;fs;

nrQ;Nrhpkiy jpUee;jtd klk; Kj;J rptuhk Rthkpfs; ciuahw;Wfpwhh;

tpohj; jiyth; Nguhrphpah; rp. gj;kehjd; ciuahw;Wfpwhh;

,e;J rka tptfhu tpilf;nfhbr; nry;th; rp. jdghyh khkd;wg; nghJr; jpizf;fs gzpg;ghsh;; “ee;jpf; nfhb Vw;wPh;> nfhbf;ftp nrayhsh; fyhepjp jpUkjp rhe;jp ehTf;furd; ghBh;;” vDk; E}iy khkd;w Kj;ijah ciuahw;Wfpwhh;. mwq;fhtyh; rigj; jiyth; jpU.tp. fjph;fhkehjd; ifyhrgps;isf;F toq;Ffpwhh;. ed;wp $Wfpwhh;

khkd;wj; jiyth; jpU. fe;ijah ePyfz;ld; ciuahw;Wfpwhh;

fk;gthhpjp ,. n[auh[; ciuahw;Wfpwhh;

rf;jp ,y;y khztpfspd; Njthu ghuhazk;

03.12.2013 md;W ru];tjp kz;lgj;jpy; MWKf ehtyh; tpoh . ,jid ,e;J tpj;jpahtpUj;jpr; rq;fk; kw;Wk; =y= MWKfehtyu; rig Mfpatw;wpd; mDruizAld; mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk; xOq;F nra;jpUe;jJ. ,t;itgtj;jpy; tpilf;xË nfhbr;nry;th; jpU. rp. jdghyh mth;fspd; “ee;jpf; nfhb Vw; wPh;> nfhbf;ftp ghBh;;” E}y; ntspaehty® plg;gl;lJ. khehL áw¥ãjœ ïªJ 26