FEED & AQUA MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA MAGAZINE – ISSUE 2

COUNTRY FOCUS

Tailored Nutrition for Cats and Dogs Uganda

EVENT REVIEW

IAOM MEA Regional Milling Forum 2025

HARSHO MILLING

31

MARKET TRENDS - MEAT CONSUMPTION

Africa’s Growing Appetite for Meat: The Driving Force Behind a Booming Livestock Industry 40

PETFOOD CORNER - TAILORED NUTRITION

Meeting the Unique Nutritional Needs of Dogs and Cats

PETFOOD CORNER - AFRICA'S PETFOOD

Africa's PetFood Market: A Rising Contender in the Global Arena

AQUA FOCUS - RIO FISH LIMITED

A Blue Revolution: How Rio Fish is Transforming Kenya’s Aquaculture Industry

A Meeting Place for Innovation and Progress

Welcome to the second issue of Feed and Aqua Middle East & Africa!

Here, you’re not just flipping through pages—you’re stepping into a space where industry stakeholders, from feed millers and livestock farmers to aquaculture experts and policymakers, come together to share, learn, and grow. This vibrant hub is where conversations spark, insights flow and innovations take root.

With our debut issue, we set out to create a platform that speaks to the evolving needs of the feed and aquaculture industries in the region. The response was overwhelming! We heard from readers who found value in our stories, industry leaders who appreciated our deep dives, and professionals eager to engage with the sector’s latest trends.

Now, we’re building on that momentum, refining our approach, and keeping the bar high. After all, as Mark Twain wisely put it, "Continuous improvement is better than delayed perfection." And that’s exactly what we aim for—getting better with each issue rather than waiting to be flawless.

So, what do we have in store for you this time?

So glad you asked!

Our cover feature takes us inside Harsho Milling Group, a powerhouse in Tanzania’s feed industry. We also give

you a glimpse of how Africa’s growing appetite for meat is reshaping the continent’s livestock sector. Additionally, we highlight how Uganda's Animal Feeds Act 2023 sets the stage for improved feed quality and availability— something every farmer should be paying attention to.

For pet lovers, we have something special! Laura Stanford from Loop Pet Food Kenya shares expert insights on tailored nutrition for dogs and cats because our furry friends deserve the best, too.

On the aquaculture front, we shine a light on Rio Fish Limited, an initiative that not only boosts fish farming but also empowers women in Kenya’s riparian communities. And, of course, we couldn’t ignore the ongoing debate around Kenya’s Fisheries Management and Development Regulations 2024—we break down the policy, the pushback, and what it all means for the industry.

In this space, we deliver relevant, insightful, and, most importantly, actionable content. Continue flipping to see what else we have for you. Thank you for being part of this journey with us. Enjoy the read, and let’s keep the conversation going!

WANGARI KAMAU Editor F&A MEA

Year 2 | Issue No.2 | JAN-MAR 2025

FOUNDER & PUBLISHER

Francis Juma

SENIOR EDITOR

Martha Kuria

EDITOR

Wangari Kamau

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Virginia Nyoro

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Vivian Kebabe

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Clare Ngode

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Monica Wachio

ACCOUNTS

Jonah Sambai FEE & AQUA MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA

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Feed & Aqua Middle East & Africa (ISSN 2307-3535) is published 4 times a year by FW Africa. Reproduction of the whole or any part of the contents without written permission from the editor is prohibited. All information is published in good faith. While care is taken to prevent inaccuracies, the publishers accept no liability for any errors or omissions or for the consequences of any action taken on the basis of information published.

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Date: April 14–16, 2025

Location: Riyadh International Convention and Exhibition Center, Saudi Arabia

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VIV Turkey Istanbul- Turkey

Date: April 24 - 26, 2025

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IAOM MEA Feed Milling Forum

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Africa Poultry & Animal Feed Expo 2025

Kenya & Western Africa Edition: 2-4 July 2025, Sarit Expo Centre, Nairobi, Kenya

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Aboitiz Foods launches US$45M feed mill in Vietnam

VIETNAM – Aboitiz Foods has inaugurated a cutting-edge US$45 million feed mill in Long An, Vietnam, marking a milestone for the newly established company following the merger of Pilmico and Gold Coin.

The Long An feed mill represents Aboitiz Foods’ largest investment in Vietnam to date, covering 3.8 hectares and boasting an annual production capacity of 300,000 metric tons.

This state-of-the-art facility is designed to meet Southeast Asia’s rising demand for high-quality livestock and animal nutrition feed, driven by the region’s rapidly growing population and expanding food industry.

Located strategically along a major river route, the Long An feed mill is equipped with a private port, enabling efficient

transportation of raw materials and finished products.

This logistical advantage strengthens Aboitiz Foods’ supply chain across central and southern Vietnam, including the economically vital Mekong Delta provinces.

Additionally, by replacing the previous Dong Nai facility and complementing the Binh Duong plant, the new feed mill brings Aboitiz Foods’ total production capacity in Vietnam to an impressive 1.1 million metric tons annually.

Tristan Aboitiz, President and CEO of Aboitiz Foods, emphasised the importance of Vietnam to the company’s regional strategy.

“Vietnam is a key market of ours, and this new facility reinforces our strong position in the country,” he said. “This inauguration marks a significant step in building our regional feed platform.”

The company’s commitment to Vietnam’s agribusiness sector is further underscored by the facility’s integration of Industry 4.0 technology, which includes a modern laboratory to ensure high-quality product output and enhance food safety standards.

In addition to supporting sustainable food supply chains, the Long An facility is anticipated to create numerous local jobs, stimulating economic activity in the region.

Utrix muscles into UAE, Iraqi feed markets

UAE - Utrix, a reputable premixes and concentrates producer, has announced the incorporation of a new subsidiary in Abu Dhabi (Al Ain), Utrix Animal Nutrition for Trading, as part of its strategic expansion in the Middle East.

Founded in 2009, Utrix began operations in the Bekaa region of Lebanon in 2015, quickly establishing itself as a premier producer of premixes, concentrates, and feed additives.

With a state-of-the-art production facility, Utrix is the sole feed additive producer in the region, offering innovative solutions that enhance animal health, well-being, and performance while adhering to global quality standards.

Michel Daher, Business Development Director, commented that opening this subsidiary in the UAE was a natural move for Utrix to better support our customers in the UAE and other GCC countries.

The new subsidiary in Al Ain will house both warehouse and office facilities, ensuring efficient operations and expert technical support for local customers.

The subsidiary will be led by Sameh Al Khouly, Regional Sales Manager, who brings extensive experience in animal

nutrition and a deep understanding of regional market dynamics.

The compound feed market in the GCC region is highly dynamic and expected to grow at a CAGR of 7% between 2024-2029, with poultry feed as the dominant segment.

This trend and increasing consumer demand for highquality food products present significant opportunities for Utrix’s customisable nutritional solutions.

In a parallel development, Utrix has partnered with DMA Group to expand its footprint into the Iraqi market.

Through this collaboration, Utrix’s innovative solutions to enhance animal performance and well-being will now be available to feed mills and livestock producers in Iraq via DMA Group’s distribution network.

“We are confident that DMA Group’s market expertise will help strengthen our foothold in Iraq, one of the top three poultry feed markets in the MEA region. Our technical knowledge and experience in addressing poultry production challenges will contribute to the country’s livestock industry,” Michel Daher, Business Support Director at Utrix, emphasised the importance of this partnership.

Saudi Arabia to build Middle East’s largest livestock city in Hafr Al Batin

SAUDI ARABIA – The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is set to bolster its agricultural sector by creating the largest livestock city in the Middle East, slated for Hafr Al Batin in the Eastern Province.

Unveiled during the Hafr Al Batin Investment Forum 2025, this ambitious SAR9 billion (US$2.4 billion) project is designed to reduce the Kingdom’s reliance on imports.

The state-of-the-art livestock city is expected to meet 30% of Saudi Arabia’s red meat demand.

The sprawling development will house facilities for raising livestock, feed production, a veterinary hospital, and meat processing plants.

Powered by renewable energy, the site will feature solar panels capable of generating 15 billion kilowatt-hours annually, underscoring Saudi Arabia’s commitment to sustainable development.

Once operational, the project will produce 140,000 litres of milk daily, consume 100 tons of feed per hour, and generate 1.5 million square meters of leather annually.

It will also create over 13,000 jobs in the Hafr Al Batin governorate, significantly boosting the local economy.

The Hafr Al Batin livestock city is part of a broader regional development plan launched by the Eastern Province Development Authority.

This master plan aims to attract SAR47 billion in investments, focusing on private sector contributions. Seven agreements worth SAR17 billion were signed at the forum to advance these goals.

According to Malachy Mitchell, co-founder of agribusiness consultancy Farrelly Mitchell, this project could generate US$2.3 billion in annual value chain revenues based on domestic red meat prices.

Additionally, the facility will produce 53 million litres of milk annually, paving the way for localised production of value-added dairy products such as sheep and goat cheeses.

This initiative reflects Saudi Arabia’s determination to address its SAR37 (approximately US$10) billion funding gap in agriculture.

ForFarmers, Remediiate partner to drive feed sustainability with microalgae innovation

UK – ForFarmers, a leading Dutch feed producer, and Walesbased Remediiate have announced a strategic partnership to tackle industrial CO2 emissions and advance feed circularity. This collaboration, formalised through a letter of intent in the UK, highlights their shared commitment to sustainable solutions that benefit both the environment and the feed industry.

At the heart of this partnership lies Remediiate’s innovative carbon capture technology. The company’s modular, plug-andplay bioreactor system captures CO2 directly from industrial flue stacks and uses it to accelerate microalgae cultivation.

The captured carbon is transformed into a valuable raw material, opening new possibilities for sustainable feed production.

ForFarmers, a key knowledge partner in the project, will explore ways to integrate microalgae into animal feed.

With its expertise, ForFarmers aims to ensure that microalgae becomes a practical and sustainable ingredient for the feed sector.

Remediiate’s bioreactor technology is versatile, offering deployment at various manufacturing sites, including power plants, cement factories, and food production facilities.

By utilising CO2 directly at its source, the system provides a cost-effective alternative to traditional carbon capture and storage solutions.

This innovation also positions microalgae as a scalable resource, making it a viable ingredient for multiple industries.

“We are capturing CO2 emissions from nickel production to culture microalgae, and in partnership with ForFarmers, we are exploring its application in animal feed,” said a spokesperson from Remediiate.

The alliance is redefining industrial collaboration for sustainability, aiming to achieve circularity in farming and beyond.

The ForFarmers-Remediiate partnership aligns with a broader trend of Power-to-X projects, in which renewable energy transforms industrial CO2 into valuable products.

Animine, Feedworks USA partner to distribute precision minerals in the U.S

USA – Animine, a global leader in precision mineral solutions, has announced a strategic partnership with Feedworks USA to expand its footprint in the U.S. animal nutrition market.

This collaboration promises to enhance livestock operations’ health, productivity, and sustainability nationwide by providing innovative and research-backed feed additives.

Founded in 2010 in France, Animine specialises in valueadded trace elements for animal nutrition.

The company’s precision mineral products, such as HiZox® (zinc), CoRouge® (copper), and ManGrin® (manganese), are trusted worldwide for their high bioavailability, stability, and performance in promoting animal health and productivity.

On the other hand, Feedworks USA, established in 2005, is a well-respected distributor of speciality feed ingredients in the U.S.

With a strong reputation for supporting swine, poultry, and dairy producers, Feedworks brings decades of expertise in delivering products that address the evolving needs of the livestock industry.

“This is an exciting time for Animine as the United States represents a vast region with enormous growth potential,” said Stéphane Durosoy, founder and CEO of Animine.

“We need a strong strategic partner who understands the market opportunities and challenges, and Feedworks USA is an ideal match to help us achieve our goals.”

The partnership will enable U.S. farmers and nutritionists to access Animine’s cutting-edge products, designed to address key challenges in animal health and feed efficiency.

These products are known for their superior technological properties, high mineral concentrations (75%), and low levels of undesirable substances.

They are highly bioavailable, ensuring better absorption and efficiency while contributing to digestive health and overall productivity in livestock such as pigs, poultry, and ruminants.

“Feedworks is thrilled to partner with Animine to bring this innovative product portfolio to agricultural producers in the United States,” Mike Parsley, partner at Feedworks USA, commented.

African Milling School to offer new Apprentice Feed Miller Program for 2025

KENYA – The Bühler Group’s African Milling School (AMS), based in Ruiru, Kenya, is expanding its training portfolio with the launch of its innovative Apprentice Feed Miller Program.

Scheduled to commence on March 3rd, 2025, this initiative aims to address critical skill gaps in Africa’s feed milling industry by offering a comprehensive training experience for professionals in feed manufacturing and related sectors.

AMS, an integral part of Bühler, has been a leader in milling education since 2015, training over 1,200 professionals in grain and feed processing. Its state-of-the-art facilities include a fully operational milling plant, analytical laboratories, and modern classrooms, providing a holistic learning environment.

The Apprentice Feed Miller Program spans 16 weeks of online preparatory training and 8 weeks of intensive oncampus sessions, ensuring participants gain expertise in advanced feed production processes.

The online preparatory training will focus on foundational concepts, including cereal science, basic mathematics, mechanical conveying, and electrical engineering.

On the other hand, the onsite training at AMS’s Ruiru campus will cover plant maintenance, pellet quality testing, steam rack operations, and advanced automation using PLCs.

The program will also offer specialised modules that include size reduction, mixing theory, pest control, and food safety, ensuring participants are well-versed in operating key machinery such as hammer mills and pellet presses.

Africa’s feed milling sector faces post-harvest losses, energy inefficiencies, and reliance on imports. To mitigate these challenges, graduates of this program will be equipped to implement cost-saving measures, improve production efficiency, and meet evolving consumer demands.

By focusing on locally available crops like millet, sorghum, and pulses alongside traditional grains, the initiative aims to support food security and unlock new market opportunities for value-added products.

ACQUISITION

Novonesis to acquire dsm-firmenich’s share of the feed enzyme alliance

DENMARK - Novonesis has agreed with dsm-firmenich to acquire its share of the Feed Enzyme Alliance, taking over sales and distribution activities for a total cash consideration of EUR 1.5 (US$1.56) billion.

This strategic acquisition marks a significant shift in the animal biosolutions market, strengthening Novonesis’ position across the value chain.

The Danish biotechnology company,

formed through the merger of Novozymes and Chr. Hansen will fully integrate the alliance’s value chain, complementing its innovation and production capabilities.

For over 25 years, dsm-firmenich and Novonesis collaborated through the Feed Enzyme Alliance, developing an advanced portfolio of feed enzyme solutions for the animal feed market.

The feed enzymes business was part of dsm-firmenich’s Animal Nutrition & Health division, now set to operate independently under new ownership.

As part of this transition, both companies reassessed their partnership and determined that dissolving the alliance would benefit their respective strategic directions.

The dsm-firmenich assets included in the transaction generated

Miavit strengthens global footprint with

approximately EUR 300 (US$314.5) million in annual net sales in 2024.

Despite the dissolution of the alliance, Novonesis will maintain a longterm commercial relationship with dsmfirmenich’s Animal Nutrition & Health business, leveraging its world-class premix network for enzyme resale.

dsm-firmenich, meanwhile, expects to receive approximately EUR 1.4 (US$1.45) billion in net cash after transaction costs and capital gains tax.

CEO Dimitri de Vreeze expressed confidence in the transition, stating, “I am confident this business will continue to thrive under Novonesis’ leadership. At the same time, we are on track with refining our portfolio and will begin exploring transaction options to exit the Animal Nutrition & Health business in 2025.”

new premix facility in Türkiye

TÜRKIYE – Germany-based animal nutrition company MIAVIT has established a state-of-the-art premix production facility in Kemalpaşa, İzmir, Türkiye.

Since entering the Turkish market in 2016, MIAVIT has built a global reputation for quality and reliability.

“This production plant will allow MIAVIT to better serve its customers in Türkiye by ensuring faster delivery times and stronger customer proximity,” said Serkan Ozdemir, Managing Director of MIAVIT Türkiye.

Beyond meeting the growing demand within Türkiye, the facility is set to serve as a regional hub for exports to neighbouring countries, including the Middle East and Turkic states.

By strategically positioning itself in these high-potential markets, MIAVIT aims to deliver tailored solutions to

diverse customer needs, bolstering its role as a key player in the global premix industry.

The company’s diverse product portfolio includes premixes, liquids, antioxidants, feed additives, toxin binders, vitamins, and biogas optimisers, catering to industries ranging from poultry and livestock to pet food and aquaculture.

With over five decades of experience and a presence in more than 80 countries, MIAVIT continues to lead the animal nutrition industry.

Producing approximately 110,000 tons of premixes annually and operating one of the world’s largest liquid production facilities, the company remains focused on its founding principle of “prevention instead of medication.”

This investment comes at an opportune time in the feed premixes and

feed additives market in Africa and the Middle East.

According to a report by Research and Markets, the Middle East & Africa feed premix market was valued at US$653.50 million in 2022 and is expected to reach US$851.63 million by 2030; it is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 3.4% from 2022 to 2030.

MIAVIT PRODUCES ABOUT 110,000 TONS OF PREMIXES ANNUALLY AND OPERATES ONE OF THE WORLD’S LARGEST LIQUID PRODUCTION FACILITIES.

EGYPT – The Chinese agro-industrial group New Hope plans to invest US$100 million to set up a complex of animal feed manufacturing plants in Egypt.

This was revealed during a highlevel meeting on December 4 between Minister of Local Development Manal Awad and representatives from Chinese agribusiness giant New Hope.

Held in the Administrative Capital, the discussions explored opportunities to localise Chinese industries, leverage agricultural manufacturing and renewable energy expertise, and establish industrial zones across Egypt.

Representing New Hope, Liu Chang, Chairwoman of the Board of Directors, expressed the company’s commitment to expanding its operations in Egypt.

“We see Egypt as a strategic partner, and the government’s supportive policies, including value-added tax

Kenya approves domesticated water buffalo meat New Hope to establish its 6th feed factory in Egypt for US$100M

KENYA – Agriculture and Livestock Development Cabinet Secretary Mutahi Kagwe has officially licensed the human consumption of domesticated water buffalo meat.

This decision, published in a Kenya Gazette notice on January 31, 2025, paves the way for farming, slaughter, and processing of the species for meat.

“In exercise of the powers conferred by Section 2 of the Meat Control Act, the Agriculture and Livestock Development Cabinet Secretary declares the Domesticated Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) as a food animal for purposes

benefits and streamlined investment procedures, have been instrumental in our success,” Liu said.

Liu highlighted the company’s global leadership in feed production and food chains, noting its extensive portfolio of international investments. She affirmed that Egypt remains a priority market, particularly in feed production and aquaculture.

Minister Awad emphasised the significance of such collaborations in strengthening the economic, trade, and cultural ties between Egypt and China.

New Hope operates five feed production factories across Egypt in Menoufia, Beni Suef, Beheira (Hosh Issa and Wadi El Natrun), and Gamasa in Dakahlia.

These facilities collectively produce 650,000 tons of feed annually, accounting for 10% of Egypt’s total production. With US$70 million invested

to date, the company plans to increase capacity to one million tons per year and expand its financial commitment to US$100 million.

The company’s investments have significantly contributed to local job creation, with Egyptians comprising 94% of the workforce.

“Our partnership not only enhances employment rates but also equips Egyptians with advanced Chinese technologies in feed production,” Liu added.

of the Act,” the gazette notice states.

Buffalo meat is widely regarded as a healthier alternative to beef due to its lower saturated fat content.

Nutritionists and food experts have welcomed the decision, citing the dietary benefits of buffalo meat, which is high in protein and iron while being leaner than beef.

Water buffalo meat is already popular in some parts of the world, where it is used in sausages, burgers, and slowcooked dishes such as rendang.

However, the move has raised concerns among conservationists who fear the policy could encourage poaching of wild buffalo species, including the Cape buffalo, a protected species found in Kenya’s national parks and reserves.

Wildlife researcher Amos Chege highlighted the significant differences between domesticated water buffaloes and the African Cape buffalo, warning against any attempts to domesticate the latter.

“African buffaloes are far more aggressive and have never been successfully domesticated. They also carry diseases such as anthrax, which could spread to livestock and humans if not carefully managed,” Chege said.

Kenyan laws currently prohibit hunting or trading in game meat, except for specific species such as crocodiles, ostriches, and certain birds.

THE MOVE HAS RAISED CONCERNS AMONG CONSERVATIONISTS WHO FEAR THE POLICY COULD ENCOURAGE POACHING OF WILD BUFFALO SPECIES.

Disease burden costs Senegal’s small ruminant sector

US$468M annually

SENEGAL – Small ruminant farming in Senegal, a crucial source of income for smallholder households, suffers an economic loss of US$468 million annually due to animal diseases, according to research published in Preventive Veterinary Medicine in January 2025.

The study, led by Meyer et al., employed the Global Burden of Animal Diseases (GBADs) program’s Animal Health Loss Envelope (AHLE) model to provide a comprehensive assessment of the financial toll of diseases on Senegal’s mixed crop-livestock system.

Senegal’s small ruminant sector, encompassing 8.8 million sheep and goats, plays a critical role in sustaining rural livelihoods and cultural practices such as the annual Eid al-Adha celebrations. However, health constraints have significantly hindered productivity in the sector.

Using the AHLE model, which calculates losses from morbidity, mortality, and associated health expenditures, the researchers found that morbidity-related impacts accounted for three-quarters of the estimated US$468 million annual loss.

Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR), a highly contagious viral disease, emerged as a key contributor, representing 5% of the total AHLE losses (approximately US$25 million) annually.

Despite vaccination campaigns reaching 22% of the animal population, PPR continues to disrupt rural economies, underscoring the need for more effective disease management strategies.

The study further identified gaps in data concerning other prevalent diseases like gastrointestinal parasites and respiratory infections, which complicates the prioritisation of preventive measures.

Existing datasets' fragmented and poorly documented nature mirrors challenges noted in prior veterinary epidemiology reviews, emphasising the need for better data collection and accessibility.

Interestingly, only 4% of the estimated losses were tied to animal health expenditures, revealing an underutilisation of veterinary services.

With animal health challenges costing the economy the equivalent of 1.7% of Senegal’s GDP, the study highlights the transformative potential of targeted public and private investments in veterinary care.

Novus partners Resilient Biotics to develop groundbreaking swine health solution

USA – Novus International, Inc., a leader in intelligent nutrition and biotechnology innovator Resilient Biotics have forged a strategic alliance to address swine respiratory diseases and immune health challenges.

This collaboration aims to develop a groundbreaking feed solution tailored to tackle costly respiratory conditions such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) and porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC), which strain pig health and cost the industry billions annually.

“These challenges significantly impact productivity and animal welfare. By working with Resilient Biotics, we aim to create a solution to optimise pig health and innovatively reduce these risks,” said Gaurav Shah, Novus’s Associate Director of Innovation and Business Development.

The partnership capitalises on Resilient Biotics’ microbiome discovery platform, advanced microbial databases, and extensive research into the swine respiratory microbiome.

CEO and Co-founder Chris Belnap emphasised the importance of this collaboration in advancing microbial solutions to support host health and immunity, addressing critical pathogens affecting swine.

The product, expected to undergo extensive testing over three years, aligns with Novus’s broader vision of leveraging advanced science to address real-world challenges in animal agriculture.

In a parallel initiative in 2024, Novus joined forces with Ginkgo Bioworks to revolutionise enzyme solutions for animal feed.

By utilising Ginkgo’s advanced enzyme development platform, Novus is working on cost-effective, efficient feed additives that enhance livestock performance.

Dan Rosmarin, Vice President of Commercials at Ginkgo Bioworks, highlighted the unique synergy between the two companies, stating that the partnership allows for the combination of Ginkgo’s enzyme development expertise with Novus’s animal feed application knowledge to create solutions for the livestock industry.

“Through partnerships like those with Resilient Biotics and Ginkgo Bioworks, we’re helping producers advance sustainability in animal agriculture,” said Novus President and CEO Dan Meagher.

Future Food Livestock & Poultry Expo 2025

Date: February 19-20, 2025

Venue: The KICC - Nairobi, Kenya.

The Future Food Livestock & Poultry Expo 2025 (FLIP 2025) took place on February 19-20 at the Kenyatta International Convention Centre in Nairobi, Kenya.

Co-located with the 8th Africa Agri Expo 2025, the event provided a platform for businesses to expand their footprint in East Africa.

Organised by TAB Group under the patronage of Kenya’s Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development, FLIP 2025 commenced with a session focused on government and regulatory support aimed at strengthening Africa’s agriculture, livestock, and poultry industries.

The session featured insightful presentations from key industry leaders, including Dr. Paul Kipronoh Ronoh, CBS, Principal Secretary at the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development in Kenya; Dr. Juma Mukhwana, PhD, CBS, Principal Secretary for the State Department for Industry under the Ministry of Investment, Trade, and Industry; Bridget Okumu, Country Director for Kenya at the International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC); George Kubai, Managing Director of the Agricultural Finance Corporation; and Srinivasakumar Karavadi, President of INERA™ Cropscience Private Limited.

The two-day expo and conference brought together industry leaders, policymakers, investors, and stakeholders to

explore food, poultry, and livestock market advancements.

With Africa’s food market projected to grow significantly, discussions focused on overcoming challenges such as limited access to cutting-edge technologies.

The event showcased automation systems, animal health solutions, cold chain logistics, and automated farming solutions.

Exhibitors from the livestock and poultry sectors attracted animal nutrition companies, feed manufacturers, veterinary clinics, and other industry stakeholders.

A premium conference ran alongside the exhibition, featuring key discussions. Notable sessions included:

1. County Perspective: Unlocking Africa’s Potential –Business opportunities in agriculture and livestock, with representatives from Murang’a, Migori, Nairobi, and Kitui.

2. Co-Creation for Growth – Transforming livestock and poultry value chains in Kenya, presented by Sheban Chitechi of Heifer International.

3. Closing the Funding Gap – Addressing investments and strategic incentives for agricultural financing in Africa.

4. The Nexus between Food Security and Industrialization – Featuring a presentation on poultry trade and food security by Nicolò Cinotti, Secretary General of the International Poultry Council (IPC).

PHOTOS COURTESY OF EMMANUEL WESONGA

Beyond Feed

Harsho Milling’s Vision for a Fully Integrated Livestock Ecosystem

BY WANGARI KAMAU

Tanzania’s livestock industry thrives, yet its animal feed sector lags, struggling to meet growing demand. According to the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), with over 28 million cattle, 19 million goats, 5 million sheep, and 49 million poultry, the need for high-quality feed has never been greater. Moreover, farmers increasingly recognise that balanced nutrition is key to productivity and the sector's longterm sustainability.

However, feed production remains alarmingly insufficient. Tanzania requires an estimated 2.5 million metric tons of animal feed annually, yet local mills supply only 30% of that demand. The shortfall forces reliance on imports, weakening the industry's ability to effectively support local farmers. Minister for Livestock and Fisheries Abdallah Ulega’s recent revelation that while 223 feed mills are registered in Tanzania, only 9% operate professionally underscores the challenge.

Against this backdrop, Harsho Milling Company, which is part of the Harsho Group of Companies, has carved out its place as a leader in quality and efficiency. Strategically located along the Moshi-Arusha road, just 16 kilometres from Moshi town, Harsho Milling stands as a pillar of excellence in an industry striving to bridge the gap between supply and demand. Founded in 1998 by Harold Shoo (CEO) and MaryGrace Shoo (Director), the group began as a small trading business on Kawawa Street in Moshi, supplying essential raw materials such as sunflower cake and cottonseed cake to local feed manufacturers.

Today, Harsho Trading Company Limited plays a crucial role in Tanzania’s agricultural supply chain, specialising in distributing animal minerals, vitamins, veterinary medications, agrochemicals, and poultry and farm equipment. Its extensive transportation network ensures seamless delivery of products across Tanzania and neighbouring countries, reinforcing the company’s commitment to efficiency.

Meanwhile, Harsho Packaging Company Limited supports the agricultural and commercial sectors as a leading manufacturer of PP woven bags, non-woven spun-bond fabrics, non-woven shopping bags, ropes, packing bags, and plastic bread bags. This division is instrumental in meeting the growing packaging needs of businesses within and beyond Tanzania.

FROM TRADING TO MILLING: A STRATEGIC EXPANSION

Harsho Milling Company, the feed processing division of Harsho Group, has grown into a formidable player in Tanzania’s livestock feed industry. The company’s transformation began in 2015 when it made a strategic leap from agricultural trading to full-scale feed production. Recognising the growing demand for high-quality animal feed and the increasing need for modernised, efficient feed production, the company saw an opportunity to create high-value, finished feed products. This vision culminated in the installation of a six-ton-per-hour pelletiser, marking a significant investment of approximately US$3 million, according to the CEO, Mr. Harold Shoo.

“The decision to invest in a six-ton-perhour pelletiser was a pivotal moment for us. It was a bold move at the time, but we knew it was necessary to meet the market’s growing demand. We wanted to shift from being just a supplier of raw materials to being a valueadded manufacturer, giving farmers access to high-quality, nutritionally balanced feed,” Shoo explains.

However, transitioning into full-scale milling required substantial financial investment, a challenge many businesses face when scaling up. Fortunately, Harsho Milling found crucial support from the Tanzania Investment Centre (TIC)—the government’s key agency for promoting and facilitating investments.

“TIC was instrumental in helping us secure the necessary loan financing to modernise and automate our plant. Their support allowed us to transition from manual, small-scale operations to a fully automated, large-scale production facility,” Shoo explains.

With modernisation came the ability to diversify and enhance production. Today, Harsho Milling boasts a robust product portfolio, catering to the varied nutritional needs of Tanzania’s livestock industry. The company manufactures pellet and mash feeds tailored for poultry, dairy cattle, rabbits, pigs, fish, and even horses.

Among these, poultry feed remains the company’s flagship product. As Tanzania’s poultry sector thrives—driven by rising meat consumption and an expanding middle class— broiler feed has emerged as the company’s bestselling product, closely followed by layer feed. However, other segments have been slower to grow. Swine feed, for instance, remains a niche market due to cultural and religious factors influencing pork consumption in the country.

Beyond serving local demand, Harsho Milling

has also tapped into specialised export markets, particularly for equine feed, which has found a foothold beyond Tanzania’s borders. The company has also taken advantage of regional market dynamics, such as supplying dairy feed to Kenya when the neighbouring country experiences feed shortages. Its equine feed is also a niche product that has attracted an international market.

To ensure its products reach farmers efficiently, Harsho Milling has established a strong and well-coordinated distribution network spanning Arusha, Moshi, Dodoma, Shinyanga, Dar es Salaam, and Tanga. This network, supported by an impressive fleet of delivery vehicles, allows the company to provide reliable and timely supply to customers nationwide.

However, Harsho Milling’s impact extends beyond just providing high-quality feed—it also plays a vital role in job creation and economic development. Currently, the company employs 70 staff members at its factory and 35 across its branch network. The broader Harsho Group supports approximately 420 jobs, significantly contributing to employment in Tanzania’s agricultural landscape.

INVESTING IN SUPPLY CHAIN RESILIENCE

Today, Harsho Milling Company processes between 1,500 and 2,200 metric tons of feed per month. It aims to expand its annual production capacity to 30,000 metric tons.

"We have barely scratched the surface. The demand for our products is substantial, and we are committed to scaling up production to ensure we meet the needs of farmers across Tanzania,” the company’s production manager, Mr Michael Musonda, affirms.

At the heart of Harsho Milling’s feed production is maize, sourced primarily from

,, ,,

TIC WAS INSTRUMENTAL IN HELPING US SECURE THE NECESSARY LOAN FINANCING TO MODERNISE AND AUTOMATE OUR PLANT.

CEO, Mr. Harold Shoo - Harsho Milling Company

local farmers. This approach ensures a steady supply of essential raw materials and supports Tanzania’s agricultural sector by creating direct market linkages for grain producers. However, while maize forms the bulk of the feed formula, other crucial ingredients, such as soybeans, feed premixes, and specialised additives, must be imported to maintain optimal feed quality.

Soybean meal, in particular, is a key protein source in animal feed production. To ensure consistency in supply and quality, Harsho Milling sources most of its soybean meal from Malawi and Zambia—two key regional suppliers. However, this dependence on imports comes with challenges, including fluctuations in grain quality due to inconsistent farming practices, unpredictable weather patterns, and logistical constraints. Droughts in Zambia, for example, have historically led to shortages and price volatility, making procurement difficult.

Despite these challenges, Harsho Milling has successfully built strong relationships with its suppliers, ensuring a steady supply of soybean meal even in periods of scarcity.

“We have established a strong rapport with our suppliers, and they prioritise our orders even during severe shortages. This has been instrumental in stabilising our supply chain," says

Mr. Musonda.

Beyond securing reliable ingredient sources, Harsho Milling has strategically invested in storage and raw material management to enhance its resilience against market fluctuations and seasonal shortages. One of the most transformative steps has been the installation of two 1,500-metric-ton grain silos and a grain dryer—a move that has significantly reduced post-harvest losses and helped the company maintain feed quality year-round.

High moisture content is a common issue in grain storage, often leading to mould growth and mycotoxin contamination, which can be detrimental to feed quality and livestock health. The grain dryer ensures that all incoming grain meets strict moisture standards, preserving the integrity of raw materials before they enter the production process.

In addition to silos, Harsho Milling has also invested in eight storage tanks, each with a capacity of 8,000 kilos, to ensure a consistent flow of raw materials into production.

“However, with demand consistently outpacing our storage capacity, we plan to invest in additional storage infrastructure, which will ensure uninterrupted production and allow us to build strategic reserves, especially ahead of

Harsho Milling Group's Staff

anticipated shortages,” the management states.

Harsho Milling’s approach to supply chain management extends beyond infrastructure investments and focuses on building sustainable partnerships with local farmers. The company has embraced contract farming as a long-term solution to reduce dependency on fluctuating international markets and ensure a stable supply of quality raw materials. Through this initiative, Harsho Milling partners with local maize and soybean growers, providing a guaranteed market for their produce. In exchange, farmers must adhere to strict quality standards, ensuring that only premium-grade raw materials make it into the company’s feed formulations.

THE OBSTACLE THAT TOOK US A STEP FURTHER TOWARDS FULL INTEGRATION

Now, the road to success is rarely smooth, and Harsho Milling has navigated its fair share of challenges. One of the most significant hurdles emerged in 2020 with the outbreak of COVID-19, which reshaped Tanzania’s feed industry. Unintegrated feed mills faced a significant setback as hatcheries with in-house feed mills required customers to purchase feed alongside day-old chicks.

“This shift put independent feed manufacturers at a disadvantage, leading to a

sharp decline in customers for those without an integrated supply chain,” Mr Musonda explains.

Rather than succumb to market pressures, Harsho Milling took decisive action. By mid-2021, the company embarked on a strategic expansion— establishing a breeder farm and hatchery to ensure a reliable supply of high-quality dayold chicks. This move restored its market competitiveness and allowed it to introduce industry-leading practices in poultry breeding. This expansion allowed Harsho Milling to offer a comprehensive package—from premium feed to superior day-old broiler chicks—streamlining farmers' operations and enhancing overall sector efficiency.

The breeder farm features fully enclosed, climate-controlled parent stock houses. These state-of-the-art facilities minimise disease risks, ensuring healthier birds and improved productivity. The hatchery, equipped with cutting-edge technology sourced from one of the world’s top hatchery equipment suppliers (Petersime), produces premium-quality chicks that farmers have widely embraced.

To further this vision, the Harsho breeder farm is currently under expansion, constructing more climate-controlled breeder houses to boost its egg production. The farm will increase egg production by 50% through optimised breeding

HARSHO'S VISION TO PRODUCE HIGH-QUALITY ANIMAL FEED CULMINATED IN THE INSTALLATION OF A SIX-TONPER-HOUR PELLETISER, MARKING A SIGNIFICANT INVESTMENT OF APPROXIMATELY US$3 MILLION

Harsho's Production Manager Michael Musonda

practices, flock management, and modern poultry farming technologies. The facility will house 40,000 parent stocks in climate-controlled environments, featuring automated feeding and watering systems, strict biosecurity protocols, and realtime monitoring through IoT sensors. These innovations will improve flock health and welfare and enhance sustainability, reducing the farm’s environmental footprint while maximising profitability.

Beyond production, Harsho Milling has optimised its distribution model to ensure farmers receive timely and reliable access to essential livestock products. Feed and day-old chicks are readily available through a well-structured network of depot shops, agents, and direct deliveries. More than just a supplier, Harsho Milling is a holistic livestock care partner, offering veterinary medicines and in-store consultations with experienced veterinarians. This integrated approach equips farmers with the knowledge and resources to improve livestock management and productivity.

FORGING FORWARD TOWARD FULL INTEGRATION

“Our main focus right now is to be an integrated company that offers a complete package—from day-old chicks and quality feed to farm equipment and contract farming opportunities— while also providing a ready market for farmers' products,” Mr Musonda explains.

Harsho Milling Company’s success is deeply rooted in its integration within the broader Harsho Group. This strategic positioning enhances efficiency, reduces costs, and ensures a seamless supply chain. Rather than merely expanding its portfolio, the company prioritises strengthening its role in Tanzania’s livestock value chain by increasing awareness of its comprehensive offerings. Through its full-service approach, Harsho Milling is transforming livestock farming by providing

EVERY FORMULATION UNDERGOES RIGOROUS TESTING AT THE COMPANY’S DEDICATED TRIAL FARM, WHERE FEED MODIFICATIONS ARE CAREFULLY EVALUATED

farmers with everything they need to succeed, from highquality inputs to market access.

A key advantage of being part of a diversified conglomerate is the ability to streamline procurement and logistics. For example, Harsho Packaging supplies packaging materials directly, eliminating unnecessary transportation costs and ensuring consistency. Similarly, vertical integration in broiler breeding and feed production allows Harsho Milling to maintain strict quality control at every stage—from feed production, chick rearing, and hatching egg handling to dayold chicks. — ensuring that farmers receive superior products tailored to their needs. As the livestock sector evolves, the company’s long-term strategy focuses on scaling operations while staying ahead of market demands, ensuring farmers can access innovative solutions for sustained productivity.

COMMITMENT TO QUALITY AND CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT

Research and development (R&D) are the cornerstone of product innovation at Harsho Milling. Every formulation

Harsho's High Quality Day-Old Chicks

undergoes rigorous testing at the company’s dedicated trial farm, where feed modifications are carefully evaluated before reaching the market. If a formulation does not meet the desired performance standards, adjustments are made to refine and optimise it. Only feeds that pass these stringent quality benchmarks are approved for distribution, ensuring farmers receive products backed by science and proven results.

Harsho Milling operates under strict regulatory oversight to uphold safety, environmental, and quality standards. The company is fully certified by the Tanzania Bureau of Standards (TBS) and undergoes regular inspections by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) to ensure compliance with workplace safety regulations. Additionally, certification by the National Environmental Management Council (NEMC) underscores its commitment to sustainable and environmentally responsible operations.

To maintain consistency in feed quality, Harsho Milling relies on its internal and national laboratories for frequent product testing. Samples are sent also to international laboratories in the Netherlands, France, and India if needed. Advanced equipment, robust monitoring systems, and welldefined standard operating procedures (SOPs) ensure that every batch meets the highest industry standards. Through these stringent measures, the company continues to deliver safe, high-quality, and nutritionally optimised feed solutions that empower farmers and strengthen Tanzania’s livestock sector.

SUSTAINABILITY AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

Every business leaves an imprint on the community in which it operates, and Harsho Milling Company, along with the broader Harsho Group, has prioritised ensuring that this impact is both positive and far-reaching. A key area of impact has been supporting local grain farmers by providing them with a reliable market for their produce. Additionally, sustainability is at the core of Harsho Milling’s operations. As a proud supporter of Green Environment Green Tanzania, Harsho Group purchases and plants trees annually around Mount Kilimanjaro, contributing to environmental conservation efforts.

Harsho Group actively engages in social development programs to uplift the local community. Recognising the challenges facing young people, the company organises an annual football tournament as a sporting event and a platform for social awareness. The tournament features speakers from various organisations who address critical issues such as alcohol and drug abuse, equipping youth with the knowledge to make informed life choices. The company’s commitment to education is also evident in its construction of a four-classroom school block, offering local children access to better learning facilities. These initiatives allow Harsho Milling Company to ensure its success benefits both the environment and the people who make it possible. FAMEA

The 2025 (IAOM MEA) Regional Milling Forum in Kigali, Rwanda

IAOM MEA Regional Milling Forum highlights

innovation and collaboration, setting the stage

for upcoming events

The 2025 Regional Milling Forum, hosted by the International Association of Operative Millers (IAOM) for the Middle East & Africa (MEA), took place in Kigali, Rwanda, from February 18 to 20, 2025. This premier event brought together milling professionals, industry leaders, and stakeholders to explore trends, challenges, and innovations shaping the sector.

The IAOM MEA 2025 Regional Milling Forum facilitated collaboration, innovation, and knowledge sharing through keynote presentations, panel discussions, technical sessions, and an exhibition showcasing advanced milling technologies. Hands-on workshops provided practical insights from global experts, enhancing the participants' technical expertise.

KEY DISCUSSIONS

Day One: Focused on Grain Handling & Safe Storage, covering silo design, safety, automation, and equipment maintenance.

Day Two: Addressed Milling Technology & Best Practices, including milling flowsheets, wheat and maize milling, sifter sieve maintenance, and flour extraction optimisation.

Day Three: Explored Finished Product Handling & Quality Assurance, covering flour packing, silo mixing, quality analysis, and emerging extrusion and rolling technologies.

Industry leaders shared insights on the future of milling, technology, and operational efficiency. Notable speakers included Pricilla Bakalian (Bühler Group), David Nolte (Stern Ingredients East Africa), Malcolm Holman (Agri-Enviro Solutions AES), and Zeki Demirtasoglu (Bastak Group), among others. Academics and policymakers also contributed, discussing milling’s role in food security and sustainable agriculture.

The forum provided a valuable platform for networking, fostering partnerships, and addressing industry challenges. It showcased emerging technologies and trends essential for sustainable growth in milling operations, reinforcing the industry's path toward further efficiency.

UPCOMING EVENTS

Following the success of the Kigali forum, the focus now shifts to the Feed Milling Forum, scheduled for May 8–10 in Dubai, UAE. This event will provide a platform to explore innovations that drive growth and sustainability in feed milling across the Middle East and Africa. Later in the year, IAOM MEA will conclude its 2025 events with the 35th IAOM MEA Conference & Expo, set to take place in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, from December 2 to 4, 2025.

Legislating the Feed Industry

How Uganda’s Animal Feeds Act Seeks to Transform the Industry

BY WANGARI KAMAU

Uganda's livestock sector directly supports around 4.5 million people and contributes 9% to the country’s GDP and 17% to agricultural GDP, according to the 2021 National Livestock Census.

The census also recorded a cattle population of 14.5 million, underlining the sector's vital role in providing income and nutrition for rural households. However, Uganda’s rapidly growing population, currently over 50 million and projected to more than double by 2050, is driving an unprecedented rise in demand for animal products. Urbanisation is at the heart of this surge, as more people migrate to cities where meat and dairy consumption is significantly higher. By 2050, demand for meat and dairy products is expected to grow by 164% and 41%, respectively.

Meeting this escalating demand will require a robust and efficient animal feed industry. According to Bright Rwamirama, Uganda's Minister of State for Animal Industry, feed accounts for approximately 70% of livestock production costs, making it a critical factor in profitability. Feed quality also plays a key role in livestock productivity, disease resistance, and overall animal health, underscoring the pressing need to ensure quality in the

feed sector.

The animal feed market in Uganda is already on a growth trajectory. Projections from Report Linker indicate that feed exports will rise from approximately 262 million kilograms in 2023 to 336 million kilograms by 2028, reflecting an annual growth rate of 3.9%. Imports are anticipated to grow from 50 million kilograms in 2023 to 63 million kilograms by 2028, with a compound annual growth rate of 3.6%. These trends emphasise the feed industry’s pivotal role in sustaining Uganda’s livestock sector and meeting the nation’s rising demand for animal products.

CHALLENGES AND UNTAPPED POTENTIAL

Uganda’s animal feed industry holds immense potential, yet persistent challenges hinder its ability to fully capitalise on this promise. A 2022 report on feed inventory and balance sheets across IGAD countries revealed that Uganda’s potential feed basket stood at a staggering 121.173 million metric tons (MMT). However, only 39.85% of this potential was accessible, with crop-based roughages accounting for the largest share of the available feed. Despite this immense potential, the country’s

feed demand in 2022 was estimated at 48.3 million metric tons, with cattle alone representing 79.39%. Feed production and distribution inefficiency—especially in the northern farming systems zone encompassing districts like Gulu, Kitgum, Lira, Pader, Amuru, and Agago— have led to persistent deficits. These issues are exacerbated by feed losses, which in the northern farming systems zone alone amounted to a staggering UGX 1 trillion (US$270.3 million) by the end of 2022. As a result, livestock productivity remains constrained.

Additionally, Uganda’s animal feed industry faces challenges related to seasonal shortages of key ingredients, such as maize bran. As neighbouring countries increase their demand for maize, much of the domestic supply is diverted for export, leaving Uganda’s markets undersupplied and contributing to price spikes. This creates significant instability for local producers, who must navigate fluctuating ingredient availability and prices. Furthermore, the rapid export of raw materials without value addition leaves gaps in the local feed supply. Experts have advocated for policies prioritising the local processing of raw materials before export to ensure that valuable byproducts like maize bran remain available for the livestock industry.

Awareness of quality regulation has previously been a significant hurdle in Uganda’s animal feed sector. Despite government efforts to enforce feed quality regulations, information

on feed dealers' awareness of feed regulation and its impact on the quality of feed resources is limited. A 2022 study titled “Awareness of Feed Regulations and its Impact on Quality of Feed Resources by Feed Dealers” by Yekosabeth et al. showed that most feed dealers were not adhering to the regulations. The study elaborated that this may be related to the consistent failure to engage and involve feed dealers in drafting and operationalising the rules, their poor and inconsistent training by the regulatory authority and reliance on non-trusted sources of information about feed regulation.

INTRODUCTION TO THE ANIMAL FEEDS ACT, 2023

To solve the animal feed industry's challenges, the Animal Feeds Act 2023 aims to operationalise Uganda's Animal Feeds Policy and provide a regulatory framework that addresses longstanding issues. Passed by Parliament on February 20, 2024, and assented to by the President on May 14, 2024, the Act is designed to enhance the quality and availability of animal feeds in Uganda, a critical factor in improving livestock productivity. The Animal Feeds Act takes a comprehensive approach to regulating the entire animal feed value chain, from production to trade. A central feature of the Act is its focus on standardising feed quality. Producers are required to implement rigorous quality control measures, including the establishment or access

THE LEGISLATION INTRODUCES STRICT GUIDELINES FOR IMPORTING AND EXPORTING ANIMAL FEEDS, REQUIRING PERMITS, VETERINARY INSPECTIONS, AND SANITARY CERTIFICATES TO MAINTAIN FEED QUALITY ACROSS BORDERS.

to certified laboratories, and to employ qualified professionals such as chemists and animal nutritionists. These provisions aim to ensure that animal feeds meet the Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) regulations and are free from harmful substances which have previously compromised feed quality and livestock health.

PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE TRADE PRACTICES

Trade regulations within the Act address critical issues surrounding Uganda’s role in regional feed markets. While Uganda’s feed industry is a major supplier to neighbouring countries such as South Sudan and Kenya, exporting unprocessed grains, especially maize, has led to domestic feed shortages. The Act encourages value addition and local processing before export, ensuring that Uganda’s livestock sector remains wellsupported with the necessary feed resources. Moreover, the legislation introduces strict guidelines for importing and exporting animal feeds, requiring permits, veterinary inspections, and sanitary certificates to maintain feed quality across borders.

STRENGTHENING PACKAGING, LABELING, AND CONSUMER PROTECTION

In addition to regulating production and trade, the Animal Feeds Act emphasises consumer protection through robust packaging and labelling standards. Packaged feeds must be tamper-proof, leak-proof, and made from clean materials to ensure their safety. The Act prohibits misleading or false labelling, holding offenders accountable through fines or imprisonment. By providing transparency and clarity in feed labelling, the Act allows farmers to make wellinformed decisions regarding the feeds they purchase for their livestock.

ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE

To facilitate the smooth implementation of the Act, the Animal Feeds Act also includes provisions for enforcement and compliance. Producers, sellers, and storage facilities must register with the Animal Feeds Committee and maintain ongoing compliance. Licensing requirements are outlined for various stages of feed production, storage, transportation, and sales, with clear penalties for non-compliance, including suspension or revocation of licenses. Clause 18 of the Act also mandates that producers subject their products to testing by accredited laboratories before they are released for sale, ensuring that all animal feeds on the market meet the required safety and quality standards.

UGAFMA EMPOWERS LOCAL ANIMAL FEED MANUFACTURERS

Now, what is an industry without an association? The Uganda Animal Feeds Manufacturers Association (UGAFMA) plays a pivotal role in sustaining Uganda’s food security by supporting local feed manufacturers. Under the leadership of Chairman Aimable Mbarushimana and Secretary General George Adiga, UGAFMA provides administrative information to its members and industry stakeholders while advocating for favourable policies and regulatory frameworks. For example, in 2023, UGAFMA members actively engaged with Uganda’s Parliament to propose revisions to the Animal Feeds Bill, reflecting the association's commitment to regulatory advocacy. Additionally, UGAFMA offers training programs and workshops on best practices, regulatory compliance, and technological advancements to ensure members stay competitive in a rapidly evolving industry.

FAMEA

Africa’s Growing Appetite for Meat:

The Driving Force Behind a Booming Livestock Industry

BY NICHOLAS NG'ANG'A

Africa’s appetite for meat is on the rise! While the continent’s per capita consumption still trails behind other regions, meat production has experienced a remarkable boom. According to the Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System (ReSAKSS), Africa’s meat output has nearly doubled since the turn of the millennium—soaring from 11.59 million metric tons in 2000 to an impressive 19.88 million metric tons by 2020. This surge has solidified Africa’s role in the global meat industry, elevating its share of worldwide production from 4.5% to 6% in just two decades.

Despite this impressive growth, Statista's market research highlights that between 2021 and 2023, Africa's average annual meat consumption per capita was just 9.6 kilograms, the lowest globally. Chicken emerged as the continent's most popular meat, with an annual average per capita consumption

of 3.8 kilograms. Projections indicate that by 2033, per capita meat consumption across Africa will only slightly increase to 9.8 kilograms, underscoring persistent disparities in dietary patterns compared to other regions.

Looking further ahead, research reveals dramatic growth in meat consumption by 2050. Beef and poultry demand are forecasted to rise significantly, reaching 13.5 million and 11.8 million metric tons, respectively, more than tenfold the current levels. This surge is driven by rapid urbanisation, population growth, and changing dietary preferences, prompting many African nations to transition from traditional farming to modern, intensive agricultural practices.

However, sustaining this growth hinges on a critical factor: animal feed availability. As livestock numbers rise to meet demand, so does the need for high-quality, nutritionally balanced feed. Current livestock data further emphasise

Africa's vast potential in meat production, with a population of 1.9 billion chickens, 374 million goats, 350 million sheep, 320 million cattle, 35 million pigs, 23 million dromedaries, and 2.6 million equids, including donkeys, horses, and mules. These numbers highlight the continent’s capacity for meat production and the immense pressure on feed supply chains.

Farmers must adopt sustainable and scalable feed solutions that support animal health and growth to maximise productivity. This includes increasing local production of key feed components such as maize, soybean meal, sorghum, and other protein and energy-rich crops. Additionally, investment in feed processing infrastructure and supply chain efficiencies will be crucial in ensuring that livestock receive adequate nutrition at competitive prices. Without a robust animal feed sector, Africa’s ability to capitalise on its livestock resources and meet the soaring meat demand could be severely constrained.

SOUTH AFRICA AND UGANDA LEAD IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION ACROSS AFRICA

Meat production across Africa varies significantly by region, with South Africa standing out as the leader in beef and poultry production. According to ReSAKSS data, the country produces 1 million

metric tons of beef and 1.9 million metric tons of poultry annually, achieving the continent's highest beef yield at 231 kilograms per animal. In poultry, South Africa maintains a competitive average of 1.94 kilograms per bird. The country also ranks second in pork production, producing 0.3 million metric tons with an impressive yield of 86 kilograms per pig.

Uganda has emerged as a rising force in the pork industry, with its pig population growing from 1 million to 7.1 million in two decades, involving 1.1 million households in pig farming. This growth has positioned Uganda as Africa’s largest pork consumer, with an annual per capita consumption of 3.5 kilograms. However, despite this expansion, productivity is hindered by low yields due to inadequate feed, as highlighted by an International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) study. Addressing feed quality and availability will be essential to sustaining the country's rapid progress in pork production.

Beyond South Africa and Uganda, Egypt and Kenya are notable beef producers, each contributing 0.5 million metric tons annually, according to ReSAKSS. However, Egypt outperforms Kenya in yield, averaging 314.6 kilograms per animal compared to Kenya’s 108.5 kilograms. Egypt is Africa’s second-largest poultry producer, generating 1.5 million metric tons per year, with a yield of 1.4 kilograms per

bird, followed by Morocco, which produces 0.9 million metric tons.

Despite Africa’s growing livestock sector, meat imports are also rising, particularly for beef, while exports remain limited. The continent primarily exports live animals, such as cattle from the Sahel to West Africa and sheep from the Horn of Africa to the Middle East. However, Namibia has distinguished itself in processed meat exports, ranking as the world’s 10th largest sheep and goat meat exporter. Botswana has also been able to process and export its meat products.

IS THE LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY READY FOR AFRICA’S MEAT DEMAND SURGE?

As Africa stands on the brink of a meat consumption revolution, governments and industry players are prioritising efforts to strengthen livestock sectors, boost productivity, and enhance market competitiveness. Below are some key strategies already being adopted.

1. STRATEGIC INVESTMENTS IN LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT

One of the most significant drivers of growth in Africa’s livestock industry is targeted investments by governments, development agencies, and private stakeholders. These investments focus on modern farming technologies, infrastructure improvements, and advanced breeding programs to enhance productivity and efficiency. For example, efforts to improve livestock genetics have led to betterperforming cattle, goats, and poultry, contributing to increased yields and higher-quality meat production.

A notable example is Egypt’s collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). In December 2024, the Egyptian Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation

NAMIBIA HAS DISTINGUISHED ITSELF IN PROCESSED MEAT EXPORTS, RANKING AS THE WORLD’S 10TH LARGEST SHEEP AND GOAT MEAT EXPORTER.

partnered with FAO to boost livestock farming while addressing climate change challenges. Backed by a €4 million (approximately US$4.2 million) grant from the Italian Agency for Development Cooperation, the initiative focuses on enhancing animal health systems, tackling antibiotic resistance, and improving farmer resilience against climaterelated threats.

2. CROSS-BORDER PARTNERSHIPS DRIVING GROWTH

International collaborations are driving progress in Africa’s livestock sector through knowledge exchange, technology transfer, and capacity-building. For example the National Agricultural Research Organisation (NARO) recently partnered with ILRI to enhance Uganda’s livestock sector through research and innovation. ILRI’s Director General, Dr. Appolinaire Djikeng, highlighted the institute’s 12-year commitment to Uganda, contributing to significant advancements, including an increase in the pig population from 1 million to 8 million.

The NARO-ILRI partnership will focus on animal nutrition, health, and genetics research, as well as One Health initiatives addressing antimicrobial resistance, vaccine development, and zoonotic diseases. Additionally, the collaboration includes joint capacity-building efforts, staff exchanges, and research proposals to secure funding for sustainable livestock development. With ILRI’s US$80 million annual budget and extensive research network, the partnership is poised to drive transformative changes in Uganda’s livestock industry.

3. TRAINING PROGRAMS EMPOWERING FARMERS

Regular training and capacity-building programs have proven essential in enhancing productivity, sustainability, and profitability in Africa’s livestock sector. These initiatives, driven by governments, NGOs, and industry players, focus on equipping farmers with modern livestock management skills, improved feeding techniques, and animal health best practices.

Nigeria has been particularly proactive in training its farmers. In August 2024, the Oyo State government launched a specialised training program on artificial insemination led by the Oyo State Agribusiness Development Agency (OYSADA). The initiative aimed to enhance reproductive efficiency in livestock farming by covering key topics such as semen collection and preservation, reproductive health, and artificial insemination techniques. FAMEA

Tailored Nutrition: Meeting the Unique Nutritional Needs of Dogs and Cats

BY LAURA STANFORD - CO-FOUNDER AND CEO OF LOOP PET FOOD

When it comes to feeding your beloved pets, one size certainly does not fit all. Cats and dogs have fundamentally different dietary needs, shaped by millions of years of evolution. While both may share our homes, their nutritional requirements are as distinct as their behaviours. Understanding these differences is crucial in ensuring they lead long, healthy lives.

CATS: OUR CARNIVORES AT HOME

Cats are carnivores – think of them as little lions living in our homes. Their bodies are built for a meat-based diet; unlike dogs, they have not evolved. They rely on animal protein for

essential nutrients like taurine, arachidonic acid, and vitamin A, which they can’t synthesise on their own and need to eat daily to have a truly balanced diet.

Cats need significantly more protein than dogs, as protein is their primal energy source, and their systems cannot digest carbohydrates. If a cat’s diet is deficient in protein and everything in the different protein sources (taurine, arachidonic acid, vitamin A and more), their body starts breaking down its muscle tissue to compensate. They may also suffer from blindness, heart disease, skin issues, overall reduced immune system and reproductive problems. Protein, and a lot of it, keeps your cat healthy!

When considering the types of protein that your cat can and

should eat, consider traditional meats such as chicken (packed with taurine), fish (in moderation due to mercury levels), and beef (in moderation due to limited digestibility). You can also consider novel and alternative protein sources like insects (yes, you read that right), such as black soldier fly larvae and crickets, as they offer highly digestible protein without the negative climate impacts of other proteins.

Here are some nutritional recommendations to think about at the different life stages of your cat’s life – All of this information will be on the label of the food that you are buying, so just take a moment to familiarise yourself with what it says so that you can make the intentional decisions for your cat’s diet.

DOGS: OUR ADAPTABLE OMNIVORES

Dogs have a more flexible digestive system. They weren’t always like this: Their ancestors were wolves with whom they still share 99% of their DNA. Wolves are strict carnivores, relying solely on the flesh of their prey. However, as they began scavenging near human settlements around 10,000 years ago, their digestive systems evolved to handle plant-based foods. At this time, the most sociable wolves integrated into human communities, leading to the domesticated dogs we know today. These early dogs relied heavily on humans for food, and in return, they provided companionship, protection, and assistance in hunting. The mutual dependence deepened over generations, solidifying dogs' transition from wild hunters to adaptable omnivores relying on human-provided diets. Even today, this scavenger instinct remains strong—any dog owner who’s had to pry a discarded sandwich out of their pet’s mouth knows this all too well.

Dogs can thrive on a lower percentage of protein than cats and can utilise carbohydrates as an energy source (unlike cats) — though protein remains an essential component of

their diet. As omnivores and adaptive eaters, dogs’ systems can synthesise some of the key vitamins and minerals they need from other sources (taurine from other amino acids and plant-based linoleic acid into arachidonic acid). So, while these elements are still beneficial in their diets, they are not essential dietary requirements. When you think about a dog’s diet, it can and should be more colourful with a mix of protein, carbohydrates, fruits and vegetables - much like your diet as an omnivore.

As with the cat food, spend some time reading the label of your dog food to decide whether it aligns with your approach to feeding your dog, which can include your sustainability and carbon footprint preferences.

FEEDING FOR A LIFETIME OF HEALTH

Understanding your pet's nutritional needs at every life stage is one of the most impactful ways to support their health and longevity. While cats remain true to their carnivorous roots, requiring a diet rich in animal protein and essential nutrients, dogs have evolved alongside humans into adaptable omnivores—though they still thrive on high-quality protein and balanced nutrition.

No matter what life stage your pet is in, reading and understanding pet food labels is crucial in making informed choices. Whether you're feeding a growing kitten, an energetic working dog, or an ageing companion, their diet should be tailored to their needs. The goal is not just to keep them full but to keep them thriving.

If you take away just one thing from this guide, let it be this: your pet’s diet is more than just food—it’s the foundation of their health. The effort you put into choosing the proper nutrition today will pay off in years of wagging tails, purring cuddles, and a healthier, happier pet. FAMEA

Africa's PetFood Market

A Rising Contender in the Global Arena

BY WANGARI KAMAU

Recent data from Mordor Intelligence highlights Africa as one of the fastest-growing regions in the global pet food market, with an impressive compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.28%.

This growth rate significantly outpaces the global average and is fueled by a rising middle class, increasing urbanisation, and shifting cultural norms. In comparison, the global pet food market is projected to expand from US$192.51 billion in 2024 to US$290.01 billion by 2029, growing at a CAGR of 8.54%. Statista forecasts that Africa's pet food market revenue will hit US$2.94 billion by 2025, with a strong annual growth rate of 9.39% expected between 2025 and 2029, as illustrated in the graph below.

Mordor Intelligence reports that North America remains the dominant force in the pet food industry, holding a 44.25% market share as of 2022. However, Africa’s rapid growth highlights its potential to become a major player. With rising demand for premium, organic, and functional pet food products, Africa mirrors South America’s notable progress, as both regions are achieving comparable CAGRs exceeding 12%, according to Statista. This parallel underscores Africa’s increasing prominence in the thriving global pet food market.

DOGS DOMINATE THE GLOBAL MARKET

Dogs remain the most popular pets globally, commanding 39.4% of pet food sales in 2022, translating to US$80.03 billion in revenue. By 2029, this segment is projected to nearly double, reaching US$156.60 billion, fueled by a vast dog population and a wide variety of tailored dog food options.

Meanwhile, smaller pets like rabbits, birds, and hamsters are gaining popularity. For instance, the bird food segment, valued at US$10.29 billion in 2021, is expected to grow steadily, reaching US$13.64 billion by 2027 at a CAGR of 4.7%.

KEY MARKET TRENDS SHAPING THE SECTOR

Marker research reports indicate that the rise of natural and organic pet food is a standout trend across the continent, with health-conscious pet owners seeking products that offer tangible benefits. Another trend reshaping the industry is the growing role of e-commerce, enabling manufacturers to reach wider customer bases and streamline distribution.

Additionally, sustainability and ethical concerns drive interest in alternative protein sources such as plant-based and insect-based ingredients. These innovative options could

potentially disrupt traditional animal-based protein markets and create fresh opportunities for forward-thinking players in the sector.

Additionally, regulatory frameworks shape the market’s development. Restrictions on imported pet food in certain countries have created opportunities for local manufacturers to fill supply gaps and cater to the growing demand.

Broader macroeconomic factors also play a crucial role in the sector’s evolution. Economic growth, government policies, and investments in agriculture significantly influence the pet food industry’s trajectory. For instance, countries with stable economies and strong agricultural infrastructure are experiencing heightened demand as consumers gain greater spending power.

While promising, Africa’s pet food market is not without its challenges, such as economic instability, low purchasing power, and limited access to high-quality products. These barriers often restrict market penetration and slow growth. However, rising pet ownership and increasing health consciousness among consumers present significant opportunities. The expansion of online sales platforms and the introduction of premium pet food options are helping to close market gaps and meet growing demand.

FOOD SAFETY CONCERNS CLOUD AFRICA’S GROWTH

In addition to economic challenges, pet food safety is also a challenge that threatens to maim the industry in africa. For

example, a devastating health crisis unfolded in Zambia in August 2024 when 400 dogs died after consuming maizebased dog food contaminated with high levels of aflatoxins.

The contamination raised alarms for pets and human health, as maize is Zambia’s staple food. Elijah Muchima, the country’s health minister, revealed that half of the 25 samples from milling companies showed dangerously high aflatoxin levels. These toxins, produced by fungi, are known to cause liver cancer in humans, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).

A similar crisis occurred in Malawi, where 450 dogs died between April and August 2024 after consuming aflatoxincontaminated maize husks. Local veterinary experts identified symptoms such as yellowish skin, hemorrhagic diarrhoea, and vomiting, which are consistent with aflatoxin exposure.

Timothy Banda, manager at the Blantyre Society for the Protection and Care of Animals, noted that affected dogs failed to respond to conventional treatments. The crisis highlighted the urgent need for stricter food safety measures in the region.

Africa’s pet food market holds immense promise, but the recent aflatoxin outbreaks underscore the need for robust regulatory frameworks and quality control measures. As the continent’s pet ownership trends evolve, investments in food safety, sustainable practices, and innovation will be critical in unlocking its full potential in the pet food market. FAMEA

The Rise of Pet Food Investments in Africa and the Middle East

Africa and the Middle East are emerging as growing markets for the pet food industry, driven by rising pet ownership, changing consumer preferences, and increased awareness of pet nutrition. According to Statista, Africa’s pet food market revenue is projected to reach US$2.94 billion by 2025, with an impressive annual growth rate of 9.39% from 2025 to 2029. Highlighted here are four standout investments in the pet food industry across Africa and the Middle East.

1. SAUDI ARABIA TO HOST THE MIDDLE EAST’S LARGEST PET FOOD FACTORY

The Delicious Food Factory (DFF), a prominent player in the Saudi Arabia's pet food industry, is set to construct the region's largest pet food manufacturing facility. Spanning 55,000 square meters, this facility will have an annual production capacity of 60,000 tons of dry food and 40,000 tons of wet food. Scheduled for completion in 2026, the project reflects the Kingdom’s commitment to diversifying its economy under Vision 2030 and reducing reliance on imports.

According to the IMARC Group, the Saudi Pet Food market, valued at US$75.9 million in 2023, is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6% from 2024 to 2032. The new facility will enhance the company’s capacity to serve the local market while exploring export opportunities within the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region.

2. TUNISIA'S SOTUPAP LAUNCHES ITS FIRST PREMIUM VETERINARY PET FOOD LINE

In another notable investment in December 2024, Tunisia’s SOTUPAP, launched the country’s first premium veterinary pet food line under the brand Mascott Veterinary Premium Petfood. Operating from the Technopole Sahline Industrial Zone in Monastir, SOTUPAP’s pet food production facility leverages advanced manufacturing processes to create products tailored to the nutritional needs of cats and dogs. With an annual production capacity of 20,000 tons, the company focuses on providing high-quality, digestible, and palatable products.

Collaborating with international animal nutritionists, Mascott Veterinary Premium Petfood addresses specific health concerns, such as digestive health and weight management, while ensuring affordability for local consumers. SOTUPAP’s plans to expand distribution across neighbouring countries, and exploring export opportunities in Europe.

3. LOOP PET FOOD EXPANDS TO RWANDA WITH INSECT-POWERED NUTRITION

Spotlighting Eastern Africa, Kenya’s Loop Pet Food announced its expansion into Rwanda, partnering with Pride Farms to introduce its innovative products to a new market in October 2024. This marks an essential step in Loop’s mission to provide environmentally friendly and affordable pet food across East Africa.

Loop Pet Food’s products use black soldier fly larvae, a highly sustainable protein source that addresses the environmental challenges associated with traditional meat-based pet diets. The company’s dog food range is free from grains, gluten, and aflatoxins, offering a nutrient-rich option for pet owners who prioritise sustainability. By sourcing ingredients locally and employing environmentally conscious production methods, Loop aims to reduce its carbon footprint in its production.

4. ANDRITZ EQUIPS TÜRKIYE'S EFFEFFE WITH ADVANCED PET FOOD TECHNOLOGIES

Lastly, in April 2024, ANDRITZ Feed and Biofuel partnered with EFFEFFE PET ÜrÜnleri, a pet food producer, to equip the company’s new production line in Salihli with cutting-edge machinery. The collaboration includes the installation of an EX1021 extruder, a CZD dryer, and a VAC1000 vacuum coater, designed to improve product quality and production efficiency.

The EX1021 extruder enhances product expansion and reduces formulation costs, while the CZD dryer ensures uniform drying with energy efficiency. The VAC1000 vacuum coater guarantees consistent application of liquids and powders, a critical factor in meeting the growing demand for premium pet food. EFFEFFE’s new production line, set to become operational in 2025, will increase its output, enabling it to serve domestic and international markets more effectively.

MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA

RIO FISH LIMITED

Fishy Business: Kenya’s Fisheries Regulations Stir the Waters How Rio Fish is Transforming Kenya’s Aquaculture Industry

A BLUE REVOLUTION

HOW RIO FISH IS TRANSFORMING KENYA’S AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY

BY WANGARI KAMAU

Rio Fish Limited needs no introduction in Kenya’s aquaculture circles. Cofounded by Angela Odero and Loren Odira, the company is a white-hat initiative that has transformed lives among Kenya’s riparian communities, with a particular focus on empowering women. While Rio Fish seeks to bridge Kenya’s fish supply gap—where domestic production covers only 30% of national demand—this homegrown company’s core mission is to enable women in Kenya to access fish for their economic empowerment and food security without the threat of sexual exploitation.

“At Rio Fish, we believe in saving and empowering these women by providing sustainable opportunities in aquaculture. Through targeted training, mentorship, and access to resources, we help them transition into fish farming, processing, and value addition, enabling economic independence,” Angela, the company’s CEO, explains.

INNOVATIONS DRIVING RIO FISH’S GROWTH

To realise its vision of a thriving, inclusive aquaculture industry, Rio Fish has built a robust, sustainable infrastructure to provide high-quality, sustainable fish products tailored for traders, households, and urban consumers. What started in 2014 as a small family-run venture under Rio Holdings became a transformative movement in 2018 with the official founding of Rio Fish Limited.

In 2019, the company revolutionised the industry by importing Kenya’s first HDPE cages from China, expanding production to its 300-ton capacity. Central to its operations is the tilapia cage farm at Rasira Beach in Homa Bay County, a state-of-the-art facility that has been fine-tuned over a decade. With an annual production of 300 tons, this farm is crucial in reducing Kenya’s reliance on fish imports and capture fisheries.

In 2020, Rio Fish launched the Opapo fish processing plant and aggregation centre in Migori County, transforming post-harvest handling and enabling value addition in the fish industry. This state-of-the-art facility, equipped with cold rooms, freezer units, icemaking machines and a processing hall, ensures optimal fish preservation, reducing postharvest losses and enhancing product quality and value addition. The company has also established retail and distribution outlets across multiple counties to strengthen market access further, creating efficient supply chains for fresh and processed fish.

On top of these infrastructures, Rio Fish had introduced structured empowerment programs, training over 2,000 individuals, supporting 600 women in transitioning to fish farming and securing steady fish supplies for 500 traders by 2021. Moreover, in 2022, the company diversified its product line to cater to urban markets with value-added fish products.

A major leap came in 2024 with the adoption of clean energy solutions, including an upgraded biogas system and data-driven farming practices, ensuring resilience against climate challenges. Rio Fish partnered with Biogas International Limited to install the innovative T-Rex M100 Biogas System, turning 200+ kilos of fish offal, restaurant waste and water hyacinth into renewable energy. This revolutionary solution produces 40-50m³ of biogas daily, sustainably powering the factory's staff kitchen and restaurant.

Another key innovation in this transformation is the Rio Fish Mobile App, a digital tool that optimises farming, streamlines sourcing, and enhances distribution. With features such as accurate production forecasts, farmer training modules, and an efficient marketing platform, the app bridges the gap between producers and traders, ensuring better planning, higher incomes, and minimal waste.

BEYOND THE CATCH: HOW RIO FISH IS EMPOWERING COMMUNITIES THROUGH AQUACULTURE

For generations, fishing has been a way of life in Kenya's lakeside communities, a source

of sustenance and survival. However, Rio Fish acknowledges that women are most affected by Lake Victoria's dwindling fish supply. Therefore, Rio Fish prioritises working with women fish farmers to strengthen their livelihoods and financial independence.

“Our deep-seated belief in the power of diversity and inclusion drives us to champion women and youth empowerment as cornerstones of our vision,” Rio Fish states boldly on their website.

TRAINING FOR TRANSFORMATION

One way this company empowers women is through training. Knowledge is power, and Rio Fish is putting that power into the hands of those who need it most. Through structured training programs, women and young farmers learn modern, datadriven aquaculture techniques that boost yields, reduce losses, and transform small-scale fish farming into sustainable livelihoods.

“More than just skills, the training instils confidence and financial independence, giving participants the tools to build businesses and secure their futures,” Angela explains.

CREATING EMPLOYMENT, SECURING FUTURES

But empowerment means little without opportunity. Rio Fish doesn’t just train—it hires. Women and

youth play key roles across the company’s supply chain, from farming and processing to retail and distribution. To champion inclusivity in the fish value chain, over 70% of Rio Fish’s workforce comprises women and youth, providing them with a steady income to provide financial security, restore dignity and foster self-reliance. Moreover, Rio Fish directly supports women fish farmers, traders and young entrepreneurs by ensuring a reliable fish supply, eliminating the need to engage with exploitative middlemen.

DISMANTLING THE JABOYA SYSTEM

For years, poverty in fishing communities has driven women into the exploitative “jaboya” system, where fish is traded for sexual favours, perpetuating cycles of hardship and gender inequality. While systemic exploitation won’t disappear overnight, Rio Fish is dismantling it— one woman at a time. Women receive training in aquaculture and fish farming inputs, ensuring they can compete in the industry as equals. They gain direct control over supply chains, breaking their dependence on predatory intermediaries. Leadership training and mentorship amplify their voices in a historically male-dominated field. And by fostering partnerships with men who champion gender inclusivity, Rio Fish is reshaping the cultural landscape of the industry.

“For too long, women in fishing communities

Fish

POVERTY IN FISHING COMMUNITIES DRIVES WOMEN INTO THE EXPLOITATIVE “JABOYA” SYSTEM, WHERE FISH IS TRADED FOR SEXUAL FAVOURS, PERPETUATING CYCLES OF HARDSHIP AND GENDER INEQUALITY.

have been trapped in exploitative systems that limit their economic freedom. We are committed to breaking this cycle by giving them direct access to fish supply, training, and resources to own their businesses,” Angela explains.

NAVIGATING ROUGH WATERS

An audacious journey such as Rio’s is not without its challenges. The company has faced many obstacles, including high operational costs, logistical challenges, environmental concerns, and policy constraints, requiring creative solutions and a resilient strategy.

A significant issue in Kenya’s fish industry is the inconsistent supply of high-quality fish. Despite the country’s abundant water resources, there remains a shortage of quality stock, which

hampers the ability to meet the growing demand. This scarcity weakens the value chain, affecting traders, consumers, and farmers. For farmers, the challenge is twofold: limited access to affordable, high-quality fish feeds and fingerlings, which are essential for scaling operations, and the high costs of acquiring these inputs. This not only impacts production efficiency but also slows down the overall growth of the industry.

Beyond production difficulties, Rio Fish has faced substantial financial and regulatory hurdles. Layers of taxation and costly licensing requirements have inflated operational expenses, making fish farming less competitive. These financial burdens ultimately increase prices for consumers, further challenging the industry. The lack of reliable infrastructure, particularly in cold chain logistics and distribution networks, has added another layer of difficulty. The gaps in these critical areas make it challenging to reach remote markets efficiently, resulting in waste and lost opportunities.

STRATEGIC SOLUTIONS TO OBSTACLES

Rather than seeing these challenges as insurmountable roadblocks, Rio Fish has taken a proactive approach, turning obstacles into opportunities for growth, innovation, and advocacy. One of the cornerstones of Rio Fish’s strategy is

its active advocacy for policy reforms that support sustainable fish farming. The company has become a vocal advocate for fairer taxation, streamlined licensing processes, and greater government support for aquaculture.

For example, Rio Fish’s CEO, Ms. Odero, was recently appointed to a task force by the Cabinet Secretary for Mining, Blue Economy, and Maritime Affairs. The CS established the task force to review the Fisheries Management and Development (Aquaculture) Regulations, 2024, following a petition from the Lake Victoria Aquaculture Association that challenged the regulations as being punitive and unconstitutional due to inadequate public participation.

Rio Fish has also called for increased government funding for research into sustainable aquaculture practices, investments in critical infrastructure like cold chain logistics, and financial support programs such as subsidies or low-interest loans for farmers. Additionally, Rio Fish has championed training programs to empower women and youth, ensuring the industry is inclusive and equitable.

STRENGTH IN PARTNERSHIPS

Rio Fish’s success has been fuelled by strategic partnerships that span multiple sectors, helping

T-Rex M100 Biogas System by Biogas International Limited

the company tackle the challenges facing Kenya’s aquaculture industry. By collaborating with development partners, the company has established solar-powered cold storage and processing facilities, boosting operational efficiency and reducing environmental impact. These innovations not only ensure the quality of the fish but also minimise waste across the supply chain.

Rio Fish’s partnerships with NGOs and community-based organisations have also been pivotal in empowering thousands of women and youth. Rio Fish has helped diversify the workforce and drive local economic growth by training them in sustainable aquaculture and entrepreneurship. Through collaborations with environmental organisations, Rio Fish has reinforced its commitment to sustainability, supporting conservation efforts such as tree planting and responsible fish farming practices. These initiatives contribute positively to environmental preservation while maintaining the long-term viability of the aquaculture sector.

WHAT DOES THE FUTURE HOLD FOR RIO FISH?

As Rio Fish looks to the future, its vision remains clear—to bridge Kenya’s fish supply gap by expanding access to high-quality, affordable fish. A major step toward this goal is establishing a central aggregation hub in Kisumu, a key player in Kenya’s fish trade. Near Lake Victoria, Kisumu’s central market connects fish producers, traders, and consumers, ensuring a seamless fresh and processed fish flow across urban and rural regions. Rio Fish aims to serve over a million consumers by developing this hub, easing logistical challenges, and reinforcing the fish value chain.

“This initiative will minimise post-harvest losses and create stable economic opportunities, particularly for women and youth,” Angela elaborates.

Beyond Kisumu, the demand for fish continues to rise

across Kenya, shaping the growth of new markets. Cities like Nairobi, Mombasa, and Nakuru are experiencing a surge in fish consumption as urban populations seek healthier, protein-rich diets. Additionally, regional towns such as Eldoret, Kakamega, and Bungoma are becoming significant distribution hubs, linking fish farmers to previously underserved markets. The emergence of smaller satellite markets and depots further transforms the industry, providing consumers with convenient access to processed fish products suited to their diverse preferences and lifestyles. Moreover, Rio Fish is expanding its footprint by opening additional outlets across Kenya while exploring opportunities to enter regional export markets.

RIO FISH’S VISION FOR AQUACULTURE IN KENYA AND BEYOND

Rio Fish commits to keep aligning its operations with the UN Sustainable Development Goals to create lasting social, economic, and environmental impact. Its commitment to sustainable fish production ensures a reliable supply of nutritious, high-quality protein, addressing food security challenges while promoting better health and well-being. The company is pivotal in preserving aquatic ecosystems by reducing reliance on wild fish stocks, engaging local communities in responsible fishing practices, and championing climate-smart aquaculture. Rio Fish is meeting today’s needs and securing a resilient future for African aquaculture.

“At Rio Fish, we envision a transformative aquaculture industry in Kenya that is inclusive, sustainable, and affordable. By bridging the fish supply gap, we are driving economic empowerment, environmental stewardship, and lasting food security for generations to come,” Angela concludes.

Rio Fish Processing Plant in Migori FAMEA

Fishy Business: Kenya’s Fisheries Regulations Stir the Waters

BY WANGARI KAMAU

During a recent visit to the Shimoni Fish Port project in Kwale, Kenya’s Deputy President Kithure Kindiki unveiled the government’s ambitious plans to elevate the blue economy’s contribution to the nation’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The goal? To almost double the current Sh37 billion (approximately US$286 million) to Sh80 billion (approximately US$620 million) annually by 2026. Looking further ahead, the government aims to push this figure to an impressive Sh150 (approximately US$1.2) billion by 2027, driven by strategic investments across the blue economy value chains.

To effectively govern the blue economy, the government enacted a set of regulations under the Fisheries Management and Development Act (Cap. 378) in 2024. Published in the Kenya Gazette on April 19 2024, these regulations are designed to enhance governance, promote sustainability, and unlock the sector’s immense economic potential. While many stakeholders hail these reforms as a pivotal step toward a more sustainable and lucrative future, the regulations have also sparked some contention among some. Concerns are mounting over their impact on small-scale fishers who form the backbone of Kenya’s fishing industry.

The new regulations are comprehensive, covering five main areas:

1. Marine Fisheries: The regulations focus on providing structured access to marine resources, managing harvests, and implementing levies to support artisanal fishers. They also address illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing,

signalling Kenya’s commitment to preserving its marine ecosystems.

2. Inland Fisheries: These rules target freshwater bodies, focusing on sustainable resource use and enhanced monitoring to safeguard inland water ecosystems.

3. Aquaculture: With aquaculture positioned as a cornerstone of Kenya’s blue economy, the regulations establish licensing requirements and sustainability standards to promote environmentally responsible fish farming practices.

4. Beach Management Units (BMUs): These regulations empower local communities to co-manage fisheries resources, encouraging grassroots involvement in conservation and economic activities.

5. General Provisions: Aimed at simplifying administrative processes, these provisions cover licensing, permits, and operational oversight across the fisheries sector.

Additionally, the Recreational Fisheries Regulations, 2024 target sport fishing through licensing, conservation rules, and reporting requirements, ensuring that this area of the sector remains sustainable and well-regulated.

CONTROVERSY AND PUSHBACK

The implementation of the new Fisheries Management and Development (Aquaculture) Regulations, 2024, published under Legal Notice No. 126, has sparked significant resistance, particularly from stakeholders in aquaculture and small-scale fishing. These regulations introduced a flat licensing fee of

KES 50,000 (approximately US$387) and a 5% ad valorem levy on landed fish, measures that many argue disproportionately burden small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Critics warn that these financial demands threaten the viability of SMEs, jeopardising economic growth and food security goals.

This backlash underscores broader concerns about excluding marginalised groups, such as women and small-scale operators, from decision-making processes—despite their critical contributions to the growth of Kenya’s blue economy. Aquaculture supports over 100,000 jobs and sustains more than 500,000 households, highlighting its importance as a driver of employment and the need to protect those who depend on it for income.

Leading the opposition is the Lake Victoria Aquaculture Association (LVA), which filed a constitutional petition in Kenya’s High Court. The LVA claimed the regulations are punitive and unconstitutional, citing inadequate public consultation during their development. “These regulations, if enforced, will devastate local producers, undermine food security, and erase Kenya’s progress in making aquaculture a cornerstone of its Blue Economy,” warned Hon. Ochieng’ Mbeo, Chairman of the LVA.

The Association’s petition sought to halt the implementation of the regulations, originally scheduled for January 1, 2025, and called for a judicial review. It urged the government to suspend the measures and adopt a more inclusive approach to policymaking, ensuring the voices of all stakeholders are heard in shaping the future of Kenya’s aquaculture sector.

The LVA’s petition highlighted several key concerns:

1. Excessive Fees: The flat licensing fee and ad valorem levy were viewed as disproportionately burdensome for smaller enterprises with limited financial resources, threatening their survival.

2. Lack of Public Participation: The regulations were criticised for bypassing constitutional requirements for transparency and inclusivity, leaving many stakeholders out of the process.

3. Conflict with Devolution: The regulations duplicated existing county-level fees by introducing a parallel licensing system, undermining local government revenue structures and complicating governance.

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPACT

Pete Ondeng, Board Secretary of the LVA, emphasised the disproportionate effects on smaller enterprises, stating, “Most businesses in this sector are small-scale, employing just a handful of people, many of them women and youth. These regulations fail to recognise the challenges these operators face.”

Beyond financial strain, critics warned that the measures could increase reliance on imported fish, undermining Kenya’s position as a regional aquaculture leader. A decline in local production could also deepen food insecurity and derail efforts to create a sustainable, self-reliant economy.

CRITICS WARN THAT THE MEASURES COULD INCREASE RELIANCE ON IMPORTED FISH, UNDERMINING KENYA’S POSITION AS A REGIONAL AQUACULTURE LEADER.

JUDICIAL INTERVENTION AND THE PATH FORWARD

On December 28, 2024, the High Court of Kenya issued a conservatory order in response to the Lake Victoria Aquaculture Association’s (LVA) petition, temporarily suspending the implementation of the new aquaculture regulations. The court set February 10, 2025, as the deadline for further review, directing all parties to present their arguments and responses within the stipulated timelines. While this judicial intervention provides temporary relief, particularly for small-scale operators, the core issues surrounding the regulations remain unresolved.

In response to the controversy and court suspension, Mining, Blue Economy, and Maritime Affairs Cabinet Secretary Ali Hassan Joho established a 12-member task force to review the disputed regulations. The task force includes representatives from the Ministry, the Council of Governors (CoG), the LVA, and other key sector stakeholders. Its mandate is to engage diverse perspectives, address stakeholder concerns, and propose actionable recommendations to resolve ongoing disputes.

The task force includes notable government representatives such as Director of Fisheries and Aquaculture Wala Joseph, Assistant Directors of Fisheries Roy Aseka and John Kwanya, and Legal Counsel Leonard Bett. Industry experts like LVA Board Secretary Pete Ondeng, Aquaculture Alliance of Kenya (AAK) CEO Stanley Mworia, and Victory Farms Chief Development Officer Caesar Asiyo are also on the team. Other prominent members include Suzanne Kuria, Vice President of the African Women Fish Processors and Traders Network (AWFISHNET), and Angela Odero, CEO of Rio Farm Limited.

Welcoming the task force’s formation, LVA Board Chairman Ochieng’ Mbeo underscored the importance of collaboration and accountability in policymaking. “The establishment of the task force will help address the contentious issues raised by stakeholders,” he said.

This move signals the government’s recognition of aquaculture as a vital pillar of Kenya’s blue economy. As the task force embarks on its mission, there is cautious optimism that its recommendations will lead to an equitable regulatory framework that balances economic growth with environmental sustainability. FAMEA

World Aquaculture 2025 convention relocates to India

INDIA – The World Aquaculture 2025 convention, initially scheduled for April 24-27 in China, has been relocated to Hyderabad, India. The event will now take place from November 10-13, 2025.

Despite logistical challenges, organisers remain committed to delivering an engaging experience. Initially planned with the China Society

of Fisheries, unforeseen circumstances led to the cancellation.

“This relocation allows us to continue providing an exceptional experience. We are excited about the opportunities this new location presents and believe it is the right time to return to India after our first successful event there,” organisers stated in a press release.

The move aligns with the growing aquaculture industry in the Asia-Pacific region. Hyderabad will host industry experts, researchers, and businesses, making it a key hub for discussions and advancements.

Abstracts submitted for the cancelled China event will still be processed, and registrations will remain valid. Additionally, the abstract submission deadline has been extended to August 31, 2025, allowing more participants to

contribute.

Meanwhile, Uganda will host the World Aquaculture Safari 2025 from June 24-27 at Speke Resort Munyonyo on the shores of Lake Victoria. The event will focus on Africa’s rapidly growing aquaculture industry, particularly tilapia farming while highlighting global advancements.

The African Regional Aquaculture (AFRAQ) conference will be integrated, addressing key topics such as catfish production and sustainable aquaculture. High-profile organizations, including FAO, the World Bank, and the African Union, have confirmed participation.

The event will feature a trade show, a Farmer’s Day, an Aquaculture Investment and Seaweed Workshop, and field visits to major fish farms on Lake Victoria.

Mowi nears sole ownership of Nova Sea with US$655M acquisition

NORWAY – Global salmon farming giant Mowi is set to boost its control of Nova Sea, raising its stake from 49% to 95% in a US$655 million deal. The acquisition includes a 46% share from Vigner Olaisen, bringing Mowi closer to full ownership.

Mowi, a minority shareholder in Nova Sea since 1995, values the company at US$1.42 billion. The transaction includes 70% cash payment, with the remaining 30% settled in Mowi shares.

Additionally, Mowi has offered US$71 million to acquire the remaining 5% from other shareholders, potentially securing full ownership. Pending regulatory approvals, the deal is expected to close in the second half of 2025.

Mowi CEO Ivan Vindheim praised Nova Sea’s strong performance, crediting the Olaisen family for developing the company into a fully integrated salmon farming enterprise.

As part of the agreement, Nova Sea board chairman Aino Olaisen is proposed as a new Mowi board member

to ensure strategic alignment.

In 2025, Nova Sea expects to harvest 52,000 tonnes of salmon, contributing to Norway’s seafood exports. Mowi’s increased stake is projected to push its combined harvest in northern Norway to 157,000 tonnes, with an overall global production of 572,000.

Mowi also anticipates annual cost savings of US$37 million from integrating Nova Sea’s operations, optimising capacity utilisation, and enhancing fish health initiatives.

In other news, Mowi Feed recently secured Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) certification for its feed mills in Kyleakin, Scotland, and Valsneset, Norway.

This certification ensures a steady supply of responsibly produced feed, aligning with ASC’s sustainability standards and the directive for ASC-certified farms to source feed exclusively from ASC-certified mills by October 31, 2025.

MOWI

HAS OFFERED US$71 MILLION TO ACQUIRE THE REMAINING 5% FROM OTHER SHAREHOLDERS, POTENTIALLY SECURING FULL OWNERSHIP.

Finnforel to Establish Advanced Fish Farming Facility in Abu Dhabi

UAE – Finnish aquaculture company Finnforel has partnered with Abu Dhabi’s ADQ to explore establishing a state-of-theart trout farming facility in the UAE. The proposed facility, expected to produce 3,000 tonnes of rainbow trout annually, would be the first of its kind in the region.

If realised, the project will be housed within KEZAD’s specialised aquaculture zone, contributing to the UAE’s efforts to boost domestic food production and reduce seafood imports. Currently, about 70% of the UAE's seafood consumption is met through imports, including over 10,000 tonnes of salmon annually.

ADQ, which has invested heavily in food-related ventures, sees this collaboration as a strategic move to diversify the UAE’s food sources. The facility will leverage Finnforel’s expertise in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), enabling year-round cold-water fish production in controlled indoor environments.

This technology recycles water through advanced biofiltration, minimizing resource use while maintaining optimal conditions for fish farming.

Founded in 2015, Finnforel operates two RAS facilities in Finland, producing 3,000 tonnes of rainbow trout annually. Its vertically integrated model spans the entire value chain, from hatcheries to processing and packaging, with a focus on sustainability. The company aims to establish a global network of sustainable aquaculture facilities by 2032.

ADQ Deputy Group CEO Mansour AlMulla emphasised the UAE’s commitment to innovative food solutions, while Finnforel CEO Pekka A. Viljakainen highlighted the global need for localised food production.

The facility will serve as both a reliable local source of trout and a hub for aquaculture research, aligning with the UAE’s goal of becoming a leader in sustainable food production and technology.

Tebrio breaks ground on world’s largest insect farm for sustainable aquafeeds

SPAIN – Tebrio, a leading biotechnology company, has begun construction on the world’s largest insect farm, set to produce 100,000 tonnes of mealworms annually.

The facility, located in Salamanca, Spain, will span 90,000 square meters and is expected to be fully operational by 2028. The project, valued at €110 million (approximately US$13 million), will be completed in six phases, with the first phase scheduled for completion in late 2025.

Tebrio’s founders, CEO Adriana Casillas and CTO Sabas de Diego, have driven the company from its humble beginnings— starting with just two sacks of mealworms in 2014—to a global leader in insect biotechnology.

The farm will operate on 100% renewable energy, utilizing solar panels and a zero-waste model to achieve a negative carbon footprint.

Approximately 60% of the farm’s mealworm production will be dedicated to aquafeeds, helping meet the rising demand for sustainable protein in aquaculture.

Additionally, the facility will produce organic biofertilizers, high-quality lipids, and chitosan, which have applications in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and bioplastics.

“The construction of our new plant represents a milestone not only for Tebrio but for the entire biotechnology sector,” Casillas said.

The initiative is expected to create 150 direct jobs and 1,350 indirect jobs, boosting Salamanca’s local economy and positioning the region as an innovation hub.

Tebrio’s investment comes amid rapid growth in the insect farming sector, driven by demand for sustainable protein. The global insect protein market, valued at US$3.80 billion in 2024, is projected to reach US$9.04 billion by 2029, with a CAGR of 18.89% over the forecast period, according to Mordor Intelligence.

Liberia, Egypt ink MOU to boost fisheries sector

LIBERIA - Egypt and Liberia have formalised a strategic partnership by signing an MoU on November 25 in Cairo to enhance Liberia's fisheries and aquaculture sectors by exchanging Egypt’s expertise in the industry.

The MoU fosters technical cooperation, focusing on aquaculture expansion, native fish species production, and combating illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing. Liberia's fisheries sector, heavily reliant on artisanal fishing, stands to benefit significantly from this collaboration.

Egypt, a leader in African aquaculture, produced 2 million metric tons of fish in 2022, with 1.6 million tons from aquaculture. In contrast, Liberia's aquaculture accounts for less than 5% of its total fish production. The country produced 29,300 metric tons of fish in

2022, with a modest projected growth of 3.4% by 2028, underscoring the need for modernisation.

A significant aspect of the MoU is the transfer of technical knowledge, including advanced tilapia farming techniques. Egypt will support Liberia in transitioning from subsistence fishing to large-scale commercial aquaculture. Training programs and exchanges between institutions like the University of Liberia will facilitate this transformation.

Liberia loses an estimated US$322 million annually due to IUU fishing despite having a 570-kilometre coastline and a fishing zone of approximately 20,000 square kilometres. The MoU includes joint efforts to enhance surveillance, data sharing, and vessel monitoring.

The agreement also promotes sustainable farming and environmental

monitoring to protect Liberia’s aquatic ecosystems. With fish consumption projected to decline from 9,500 metric tons in 2023 to 7,420 metric tons by 2028, these efforts are crucial for maintaining food security.

Additionally, the partnership aims to boost trade and private-sector involvement in Liberia's fisheries industry and aligns with Egypt’s broader strategy to strengthen African ties and support sustainable development goals, including Agenda 2063.

South Korea to establish aquafeed factory in Algeria’s Ouargla province

ALGERIA – The Ministry of Fisheries and Fish Production has partnered with the Korean International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) to establish an aquafeed factory in the Hassi Ben Abdellah region of Ouargla province.

Once operational, the facility is expected to produce 10 tons of aquaculture feed daily, primarily serving Algeria’s domestic market. This development aims to address a key challenge in the sector—the availability of high-quality, locally produced feed for fish and shrimp farmers.

With its extensive Mediterranean coastline and inland freshwater resources, Algeria is well-positioned for both marine and freshwater aquaculture. The country has experienced rapid growth in the sector, with production increasing from just 351 tonnes in 2000 to 5,436 tonnes in 2020, according to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

However, aquaculture still accounts for only 6% of Algeria’s total fisheries production—a gap the government is eager to bridge. It has set an ambitious target for aquaculture to contribute 50% of national fish production by 2030.

South Korea’s ambassador to Algeria, You Ki-Jun, emphasized that the aquafeed factory is a cornerstone of strengthened bilateral cooperation and a major step in boosting Algeria’s aquaculture potential.

The new facility is expected to alleviate some of these import needs

by enabling local fish farms to scale up production, particularly for species like gilthead seabream, which already makes up 60% of Algeria’s marine aquaculture output.

This initiative aligns with Algeria’s broader goal of achieving 200,000 tonnes of total fish production by 2030, reinforcing aquaculture’s critical role in national food security as wild fish stocks continue to decline.

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