P16 - UFRJ Design Strategies for Urban Expansion in Environmental fragile areas Guaratiba/Rio
BURLE MARX NATURAL PARK A MULTIPLE-USE BUFFER ZONE BETWEEN THE EXISTING RESERVE AND THE RAPIDLY URBAN EXPANSION AREA
Supervisors: Prof. Denise B.Pinheiro Machado - coord. Prof. Lucia Maria Sá Antunes Costa - coord. Prof. Adriana Sansão Fontes Prof. Cristóvão Fernandes Duarte Prof. Maria Paula Lysandro de Albernaz Prof. Rosangela Lunardelli Cavallazzi Prof. Victor Andrade Carneiro da Silva Students: Franklin Gaspar, Guilherme Manasse, Katerine Granados, Natália Kochem. Modality: Elective course
Timing: Semester
Learning experience The idea behind The Roberto Burle Marx Buffer Park came thanks to a conjunction of issues observed both through academic research and during a four day immersion period during which the team rented a small guest house and studied the patterns and dynamics that dictate everyday life in Guaratiba and in Rio’s West Zone. A series of important, isolated and undervalued social actors were contemplated in a thorough diagnostic exercise that resulted in a park-shaped response to
Spartina
Mico leão dourado Leontopithecus rosalia
Gavião-de-Cabeça-Cinza Leptodon cayanensis
Macaco Prego Bicho Preguica Sapajus apella Folivora
Cachorro-do-Mato Cerdocyon thous
Bracanjuva Brycon orbignyanus
Tucano Toco Ramphastos toco
Urubu-Rei Sarcoramphus papa
Bracanjuva Jacaré papo amarelo Brycon orbignyanus Caiman latirostris
Tamanduá bandeira Shialulia ascandia
Peixe-Anual Austrolebias adloffi
the area’s urban challenges. Local institutions such as the aforementioned fishing community from which the neighborhood developed, as well as the former home of landscape architect Roberto Burle Marx, now a museum in his honour, and the various traditional seafood restaurants that line the road leading into the neighborhood, were included as independent but complementary programs, a strategy we believe to muster a mutually beneficial exchange by creating conditions for spontaneous interaction between activities that are currently perceived as unrelated.
Tatu Tolypeutes tricinctus
Lobo-Guará Capivara Chrysocyon brachyurus Shialulia ascandia
Aves (garças, martinspescadores, socós e maçaricos)
Mamíferos (guaxinim ou mão-pelada)
Landscape Architecture
Urban and regional planning
To understand the relation between the natural and urban landscape, thinking about the reciprocity of them and translate it in to a concept and then a project.
“The West Zone is the largest region of Rio de Janeiro but its very lacking of cultural and leisure facilities, which is important for the carioca inhabitants. Currently, Sítio Roberto Burle Marx fulfills this function in Guaratiba and nearby neighborhoods.”
Regulation and consolidation of land uses and commercial activities.
Prof. V. Andrade
Prof. A. Sansão
Prof. C. Duarte
Prof. A. Britto
Ademir Silva Local resident and fisherman
15% Water sanitation To implement the stations of water and waste water treatment.
St. G. Leite St. N. Kochem
Prof. I. Sangalo St. F. Gaspar
Prof. P. Albernaz
10%
Paula Freire Local resident. “We added a second story so that our daughters could visit us anytime, but they rarely do, they’re young and don’t really understand why we would leave the city and build a house in the forest. Still, we’re only about an hour and a half away from the city center without traffic and we have a car, so it’s still pretty easy. We rent out the extra space to travelers, we love the company.”
“We used to live in an apartment in Copacabana, but it’s always been a dream of mine to be closer to nature. So, when I retired, we started building our house in the mountains. We have the best view of anyone in Guaratiba. The plumbing comes from a local stream - technically we wouldn’t be allowed to build here, so we try to be extra respectful of the environment around us.”.
Douglas Bigode Local resident and tour guide. “My uncle and I own the best fishing boats in Guaratiba. We take large groups out on fishing trips all week long and once in a while we’ll even get some tourists from the local hotels, we’re well known in the area. We have the best boats. The reserve is supposed to be off limits for fishing, but no one seems to mind. It’s a way to make a living.”
“Guaratiba is a rural area that is being colonized by the city. We’ve been witnessing a process in which the country is taken by storm by the metropolis, subverting everyday customs, socioeconomic practices, traditions, even the landscape itself, which is subjected to many alterations and transformations. This is the great challenge that we are faced with.”
PROBLEMS AND and OPPORTUNITIES Problems opportunities During the PBL process in the research and experiences related to Barra de Guaratiba, we identified four main problems or opportunities that shoud be assessed through four estrategies.
CONNECTIVITY
•There are no sidewalks or there are few and narrow ones. •No infrastructure for people with reduced mobility.
•Implementation of extra sidewalks and bike tracks to give proper accessibility to pedestrians and other ways of transport. •Improve the existing infrastructure to guarantee mobility.
CONTAMINATION
•Water corps contaminated because of the unsustainable and unregulated solid waste management. •Few enviromental education and awareness about the corret disposal of waste •“You do not take care of what you don´t known”. Turn visible the natural wealth.
VISIBILITY
• Programs aimed at illustrating to locals and visitors the importance of respecting and protecting the natural environment and understanding their place within it.
Enviromental management To understand the existing resources in order to propor an adecuated program to protect it.
Architecture To propor the new neigthborhood centralities and equipments inside the •A natural park infraestructurepark, that also to design the educative infraestructures. contribute to the practice of sports
to reduction of diseases caused by International Context water and soil pollution through effective natural resource management and environmental protection.
•A natural park infraestructure that HEALTHY LIVES
contribute to the practice of sports and healthy lifestyle, also contribute natural park infraestructure to•Areduction of diseases causedthat by contribute to the sports water and soilpractice pollutionofthrough and healthyeffective lifestyle,natural also contribute resource to reduction of diseases caused by management and environmental water and soil pollution through protection. effective natural resource management and environmental protection.
Cristóvão Duarte Architect and professor FAU UFRJ
•There is just one access road, (The Roberto Burle Marx road).
15%
and healthy lifestyle, also contribute
Gabriel Freire Local resident and retiree
ACCESIBILITY
Guaratiba is a mostly untouched neighborhood located along the Western fringes of Rio de Janeiro’s coastline. Despite being Rio’s largest neighborhood, it holds one of the city’s lowest population density indexes. Guaratiba’s roughly 110,000 residents are grouped into three clusters [a, b, c] separated by the Guaratiba Biological Reserve, a 3.360 hectare expanse of native mangrove and wetlands widely held as the best preserved in the state. Due to its immense scale and ecological fragility, the Reserve is fenced and monitored by Brazilian armed forces, with access only via prior appointment or clandestinely, on board small wooden boats used by local fishermen whose sustenance is derived from crab fishing within the Reserve.
Prof. R. Cavalazzi
Prof. L. Costa
10%
30%
Prof. D. Machado
St. K. Granados
Prof. R. Tardim
“Down by the beach it’s always crowded and there’s always traffic, I can’t remember the last time I was there by choice. On weekends my wife and I take our little boat upstream and find someplace quiet to enjoy the sunshine and take a swim. This is all a military training area, but it’s so big we hardly ever see anyone or anything of that kind, it’s mostly other fishermen and their families enjoying the weekend. If we’re in the mood, we’ll catch some crabs on the way back for lunch.”
The proposal develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infraestructure, including regional and neighborhood
20%
To define politics about urban land ocupation.
Cláudia Storino Director of Sítio Roberto Burle Marx
Peixes (tainhas, robalos, manjubas)
Interdisciplinary work
Urban regulation and governance
Involvement of local stakeholders
Crustáceos (siris e camarões)
LEASURE AREAS •The Guaratiba's small beachfront is forced to absorb a disproportionate influx of beachgoers from other West Zone neighborhoods where there are few, if any, similar options.
REDUCE INEQUALITY CONSOLIDATION
• Lack of recreational and leisure spaces throughout the rio's •Consolidation periphery. of the public spaces that are already in use, such as river beaches, playgrouds or barbecue areas in order to diversificate the activities of leasure, thinking of the variety of users. • Occupation progressively expands along the border of the Reserve and towards the BRT's path.
OCCUPATION
• More and more informal settlements threaten the integrity and ecological balance of the rich and complex ecosystems. •Reinforce the current legislation to prevent the informal occupation of preserved areas. •Implement a program to regulate the land use and control the areas already occupated.
•Trougth the consolidation of land uses and rainforcement of local commercial activities provide decent working environments, ECONOMIC GROWTH and impulse equal pay for equal work. DECENT WORK •Work with the communities to assess the bene ts and costs of sport and eco tourism promoting in a •Trougth the consolidation of land sustainable way respecting the usescultural and rainforcement of local and local customs. commercial activities provide decent •Trougth the consolidation of land working environments, and impulse uses and rainforcement ofwork. local equal pay for equal commercial provide •Work with theactivities communities to decent assess working environments, and impulse the benefits and costs of sport and equal pay for equal work. eco tourism promoting in a •Work with the communities to assess sustainable way respecting the the benecultural ts and and costs of sport and local customs. eco tourism promoting in a sustainable way respecting the cultural and local customs. • The iniciative empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all promoting appropriate legislation, policies and actions.
DELIMITATION
• The iniciative empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all promoting appropriate • The iniciative empower legislation, policiesand andpromote actions. the social, economic and political inclusion of all promoting appropriate legislation, policies and actions.
• Our project improve education and raising awareness about the biodiver sity, fauna and flora local. •Improve the human and institutional COMBAT capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction through CLIMATE CHANGE promoting mechanisms for raising capacities for effective climate change • Our project and related improve planningeducation management. raising awareness about the biodiversity, fauna and flora local. ••Improve Our project improveand education and the human institutional raising awareness themitigation, biodiver capacity on climateabout change sity, fauna and flora local. adaptation, impact reduction through •Improve the mechanisms human and institutional promoting for raising capacity on climate change mitigation, capacities for effective climate change adaptation, impact reduction through related planning management. promoting mechanisms for raising capacities for effective climate change related planning management.
PROTECT ECOSYSTEMS • The project promote the implementation of sustainable management of the mangrove, halt deforestation, PROTECT •Restore degraded forest, ensure conservation, restoration and ECOSYSTEMS sustainable use of terrestrial water ecosystems • The project promote the •Reduce degradation of natural implementation of biodiversity. sustainable habitat, halt the loss of management of the mangrove, halt • The projectdeforestation, promote the implementation of sustainable •Restore degraded forest, management of the mangrove, halt ensure conservation, restoration and deforestation, sustainable use of terrestrial water •Restore degraded forest, ecosystems ensure conservation, restoration and •Reduce degradation of natural sustainable use of terrestrial water habitat, halt the loss of biodiversity. ecosystems •Reduce degradation of natural habitat, halt the loss of biodiversity.
•Improving water quality through environmental protection measures and sustainable solid waste manage ment. WATER AND •Protect and restore the water rela ted ecosystems, specifically the SANITATION mangrove and the Portinho´s river slope. •Improving quality •Our projectwater support andthrough strengthen environmental protection measures the participation of local communities and restaurants sustainableor solid waste managelike fishermen for •Improving waterand quality through ment. improving water sanitation mana environmental protection measures •Protect and restore the water relagement. and ecosystems, sustainable solid waste manage ted specifically the ment. mangrove and the Portinho´s river •Protect slope. and restore the water rela ted ecosystems, specifically the •Our project support and strengthen mangrove and the river the participation ofPortinho´s local communities slope. like restaurants or fishermen for •Our project support and strengthen improving water and sanitation manathe participation of local communities gement. like restaurants or fishermen for improving water and sanitation mana gement. •The proposal develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infraestructure, including regional and neighborhood infrastructure, to RESILIENT support the tourist economic development and human wellbeing, INFRAESTRUCTURE with a focus on affordable and equitable access for all. •The proposal develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infraestructure, including regional and •The proposal develop quality,to neighborhood infrastructure, reliable, and resilient support sustainable the tourist economic infraestructure, including regional and development and human wellbeing, neighborhood to with a focus oninfrastructure, affordable and support the touristfor economic equitable access all. development and human wellbeing, with a focus on affordable and equitable access for all.
In preparation for the 2016 Summer Olympics, the local government implemented a series of express bus routes (BRT) across the city, one of which - the Transoeste - cuts through Guaratiba in order to connect peripheric Western neighborhoods with previously existing transport infrastructure. Although the ill-conceived BRT system has done little in terms of facilitating mobility between Rio’s prosperous city center and its severely impoverished outskirts - and has reinforced an already saturated pendular flux of workers to and from the city center every day -, it has been greatly beneficial for real estate developers who seek to capitalize on rising prices of property and land along the new BRT lines, posing a threat to the city’s ecological balance.
•By the consolidation of uses and improve of infraestructure of the fisher economic activitie, provide access of smallscaleSUSTAINABLY artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets sustainably manage protect USEand THE OCEANS marine and coastal ecosystems. •By the consolidation of uses and improve of infraestructure of the fisher economic activitie, provide •By the of consolidation of uses and access smallscale artisanal fishers improve infraestructure of the to marineofresources and markets fisher economic activitie, provide sustainably manage and protect access of smallscale artisanal fishers marine and coastal ecosystems. to marine resources and markets sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems. •Provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and CITIES sustainable transport systems for all, improvingINCLUSIVE, road safety thinking of the to the needs of those RESILIENT in vulnerableSAFE, situations, women, AND children, persons withSUSTAINABLE disabilities and older persons •Sustainable human settlement •Provide to safe, affordable, planning access and management accessible andecosystems sustainable and transport respecting the systems for all, improving road safety existing landscapes. •Provide access to safe, affordable, thinking of the to the needs ofand those •strengthen efforts to protect accessible and sustainable transport in vulnerable situations, women, safeguard the world’s cultural and systems for all, improving road safety children, persons with disabilities and natural heritage. thinking of the to the needs of those older persons •Education and politics that waste in vulnerable situations, women, •Sustainable human settlement managment. children, persons with disabilities and planning and management •Access to safe, inclusive and older persons respecting the ecosystems accessible, green and publicand spaces. •Sustainable human settlement existing landscapes. planning andefforts management •strengthen to protect and respecting theworld’s ecosystems andand safeguard the cultural existingheritage. landscapes. natural •strengthenand efforts to protect and •Education politics that waste safeguard the world’s cultural and managment. natural heritage. •Access to safe, inclusive and •Education and politics that waste accessible, green and public spaces. managment. •Access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces.
It’s not difficult to identify the severe lack of recreational and leisure spaces throughout Rio’s periphery, with Guaratiba’s small beachfront forced to absorb a disproportionate influx of beachgoers from other West Zone neighborhoods where there are few, if any, similar options. Specifically on weekends and holidays, cariocas can expect to wait patiently in line for over two hours for a place on the bus back home, the trip itself sometimes equally arduous. One of the driving forces behind our proposal was to create a piece of urban equipment capable of resonating on a metropolitan scale, one suggestive of a new perceived image of Rio de Janeiro no longer limited to the sliver of beachfront neighborhoods that make up the city’s prestigious South Zone.
P16 - UFRJ
BURLE MARX NATURAL PARK A MULTIPLE-USE BUFFER ZONE BETWEEN THE EXISTING RESERVE AND THE RAPIDLY URBAN EXPANSION AREA
05 Waterfront Viewpoint
Occupying a continuous 1.100 hectares of untouched natural landscape along the Portinho river, the Roberto Burle Marx Buffer Park is our proposal for an environmental buffer between the Guaratiba Biological Reserve and the rapidly expanding region of Barra de Guaratiba. We envisioned an intrinsic relationship between the new park and the existing Sítio Burle Marx, a publicly funded and operated cultural center established on the property where Brazil’s most prominent landscape architect lived and worked for the better part of his celebrated career. With direct access to and from the proposed park, we invite the museum’s participation and curatorship in organizing cultural and
spaces throughout Rio’s periphery, with Guaratiba’s small beachfront forced to absorb a disproportionate influx of beachgoers from other West Zone The prospect of creating a new, large scale public space for Rio’s most disenfranchised citizens, all the while allowing for the transposition of pedestrian and bicycle traffic into and through the park - as opposed to alongside heavy car and bus traffic greatly informed the conception and design of a park that could and would function on the level of mobility infrastructure as well as educational space and leisure destination. The last driving force behind the proposal was to create a piece of urban equipment
01. SOIL USE Protected Areas Green Public Area Special housing area Mixed used special area
incentive for this type of initiative. With the creation of the Roberto Burle Marx Ecological Park, Rio’s periphery stands to gain a public space whose scale and nature - both literal and figurative - currently do not exist beyond the reach of the city’s sharply concentrated touristic circuit. We firmly believe that this kind of intervention will shine a light on an extensive territory within the city that currently goes unnoticed and uncared for, unbeknownst even to most cariocas.
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02. VEGETATION TYPES Mangroove Restinga Restinga with sandy deposit Tropical Forest
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03. GREEN CONECTIONS River Range Protection Park Area National Protection Area High permeability housing Medium permeability housing
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educational calendars directe towards - but not exclusive to - guided field trips for students from Rio’s public school system, seeing that this practice is customary between public institutions in Brazil. A second and equally important premise was the lack of recreational and leisure
Conceptual Map
capable of resonating on a city-wide scape, the project aims to assert peripheric neighborhoods such as Guaratiba as equally worthy - if not more - of the kind of public investment and attention rarely seen outside aristocratic areas such as Copacabana and Ipanema, beyond which there is little to no
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04. RUNOFF (Reynolds Flows) laminar transition turbulent
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PARK INTERESTED POINTS 01 Ecological teaching point 02 Trail 03 Birds Observatory 04 Meeting of waters 05 Viewpoint 06 Educational Facilities 07 River beach 08 Natural River 09 Rain Pond 18 10 Filtration Garden 11 Mangroove Beach 12 Renaturalized border 13 Sportive deck 14 Elevated Walkways 15 Park Headquartes 16 Water spring
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URBAN INTERESTED POINTS 17 Gastronomy 18 Military Training Center (CETEX) 19 Residential Neighborhood 20 Comercial buildings 21 Sitio Burle Marx
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