Building Technology I_Construction Solution

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4.0

PROJECT INTRODUCTION

PRECEDENT STUDIES AND ANALYSIS

FACADE SCHEME DESIGN

DETAIL SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVES

1.1

Introduction to Site

3.1

Front Elevation

1.2

Introduction to Architectural Design Studio Project

3.2

Rear Elevation

2.1

Structural System

2.2

Roof System

2.3

Facade System I

2.4

Facade System II

4.1

Workshop Consulting Outdoor Terrace

4.2

Archive Discussion AreaI

CONSTRUCTION SOLUTIONS BUILDING TECHNOLOGY I (BLD61403) Prerequisite: Building Construction II

Gavin Tio Kang Hui 0333373 Tutor : Mr. Khairool Aizat Ahmad Jamal

CONTENT

1.0

2.0

3.0

Project Introduction 1.1

Introduction to Site

1.2

Introduction to Architectural Design Studio Project

Precedent Studies and Analysis 2.1

Structural System

2.2

Roof System

2.3

Facade System I

2.4

Facade System II

Facade Design Scheme 3.1

3.2

4.0

5.0

Page 1

Page 3

Page 11

Front Elevation - Jalan Stesen 1 3.1.1

Facade Scheme 1

3.1.2

Facade Scheme II

Rear Elevation - Back Alley 3.2.1

Facade Scheme 1

3.2.2

Facade Scheme II

Detail Sectional Perspectives 4.1

Floor Plans

4.2

Workshop Consulting Outdoor Terrace - First Floor

4.3

Archive Discussion Area - Third Floor

Reference

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Page 18

1.1 Introduction to Site

Figure 1.1.2 Key Plan

Location of Project Jalan Stesen 1, Klang Building Function Learning Centre Plot Size 708.75m² Figure 1.1.1 Site Plan Page 1

Jalan Stesen 1 is located in the old town quarter of the pre-industrial city of South Klang. The deformation of grid is highly dependent on the sinuous topography of Klang River and is evolved and developed through use, hence causing the misalignment of Jalan Stesen 1 in relation to Jalan Tengku Diauddin and Jalan Besar (refer to Figure 2.1.1). There are three main communities that are being identified: the Empathetic Insider who has a strong sense of attachment to the site and create the local culture and live in them for a period of time; the Existential Insider who exists because of the business opportunity that the town offers and forges the formation of Little India; the Objective Outsider who possess an attitude which effectively reduces the place to a single dimensional perspective as a direct consequence of their first time experience in the town.

1.2 Introduction to Architectural Design Studio Project

Figure 1.2.2 Design Intention

Design Statement Great places have historical weight, gravity of significance. They played meaningful roles in the town’s evolution, just like the old royal town Klang. Their stories are as palpable as the air, we can feel the ancient energies that are still there, which are currently in dormant state. Traditional businesses are forced to closed down due to lacking in pedestrian volume. To counter the issue, the learning centre takes a stance in instilling economical viability to the old town quarter while maintaining the local social memory to rejuvenate the townscape immediately. The learning centre programmes expresse plural attitudes towards the act of retaining the social memory of the places based on the behavior of the three main communities identified on site.

Figure 1.2.1 Key Perspective

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2.1 Structural System Introduction to Project Name of Project

‘HHH’ House

Architect

Simple Projects Architecture

Location

Surabaya, Indonesia

Area

321.0m²

Built Year

2019

‘HHH’ house was inspired by our childhood memories and perception of a house to begin with. As a kid, we often picture a house with a single triangular roof (pitch roof) on top of a square wall with a door and a window, and we were inspired by these basic shapes and unpretentious materials used on the houses we have seen when we were young. A vision of a simple home with cozy ambiance is the space quality that we would like to offer.

Construction Materials

Composite Slabs with Metal Decking

Figure 2.1.3 Anti-fracture Mesh

Figure 2.1.2 Project Section Figure 2.1.4 Profiled Steel Decking

Advantages

Disadvantages

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High speed of construction Saving in weight Saving in transportation High structural stability Highly sustainable Easy installation of services

Figure 2.1.1 Images of Project (Mansyur Hasan, 2019)

Beams need fire protection Temperature-sensitive Wear easily Replacement needed if damage imposed on structure

Figure 2.1.5 In-situ Reinforced Concrete Page 3

Construction Process 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Construction Details - Floor to Wall

Metal decking acts as a permanent shuttering and spans in a direction transverse to the secondary beams.

Primary and secondary beams in composite steel frames are rigidly connected to the floor slab by shear studs.

Shear studs are connected to the beams by deck welding techniques, allowing the floor slab and beams beneath to act compositely.

Steel mesh reinforcement is placed above the steel decking to provide bending resistance and reduce cracking at the supports.

Concrete is casted in-situ.

Metal Mesh Reinforcement

Beam

Shear Stud

Metal Decking

In-situ Cast Concrete

Bond Beam

Brace Angle

Floor Beam Reinforced Concrete on Metal Deck

Through Bolt

Wide plate for shear transfer, weld to beam after CMU placement

Figure 2.1.7 Composite floor to concrete wall connection details

Integration to Learning Centre 1.

2.

3.

4.

Due to its lightweight properties, the dimension of structural beam and column can be adjusted smaller which hence decrease the overall construction cost.

Considering the narrow vehicular path to site, in-situ cast concrete construction is more suitable than pre-cast concrete construction.

High structural stability allows minimal excavation and dimension of foundation which minimize the effect to the adjacent shophouses foundation.

Flexibility in design to reduce the amount of structural elements (number of columns etc.)

Figure 2.1.6 Composite Decking Components

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2.2 Roof System Introduction to Project Name of Project

Masonic Amphitheatre Project

Architect

design/buildLAB

Location

Clifton Forge, United States

Budget

$25,000

Built Year

2012

The project consists of the complete redevelopment of a post-industrial brownfield into a public park and performance space. The idea driving the design is that the built elements are sculptural forms emerging out of the landscape of the park. The built elements include a stage with acoustic shell, a backstage with loading dock, green room and wings, a seating area, and a sound and lighting control booth.

Construction Materials

Prefabricated Timber Curved Roof

Figure 2.2.2 Curved Steel Beam

Figure 2.1.2 Project Section

Advantages

Disadvantages

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Eco-friendly Durable Lightweight installed without heavy machineries Energy efficient Good thermal performance

Figure 2.2.1 Images of Project (Jeff Goldberg, 2012)

Risk of fire Prone to pest High maintenance cost Timber defects

Figure 2.2.3 White Oak Timber Page 5

Construction Process 1.

2.

3.

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Construction Details - Concrete to Timber

Existing concrete raft foundation is preserved and steel connections are added to it.

Steel beams which are prefabricated off-site are connected to concrete foundation.

The structure of timber bandshell walls comprised of prefabricated wood trusses and are modelled digitally.

Timber flooring is being installed, followed by timber walls and then roof panels.

Alpolic Metal Composite Panels are used to clad the underside of the bandshell and are digitally fabricated as well.

Cladding Fascia Sheet Metal Top Plate Vertical Baten

Wood Framing Floor Joist

Sill Plate

Drainage Pipe

Galvanized Anchor Bolt

Figure 2.2.7 Foundation to Roof Connection details

Figure 2.2.4 Steel Frame Construction Sequence followed by interior aluminium cladding

Integration to Learning Centre 1.

2.

3.

4.

Figure 2.2.5 Setting up of Steel Framing

Steel beam as primary rafter while timber as secondary support as batten as both material can be prefabricated off-site and steel can be bend to any desired shape.

Timber roofing is replaced by metal deck due to local climatic condition.

Implementation of connection details of steel framing to concrete column in Learning Centre.

Timber as material for batten instead of steel due to eco-friendliness.

Figure 2.2.6 Assembling timber roof panels Page 6

2.3 Facade System I Introduction to Project Name of Project

Tree-ness House

Architect

Akihisa Hitara

Location

Toshima, Japan

Area

331.38m²

Built Year

2017

This project is a complex building of houses and galleries built in Tokyo, Toshimaku. One tree is organically integrated with a combination of parts having different characteristics, such as a trunk, a branch, and a leaf. As with the tree, we tried to create an organic architecture that could be formed by a hierarchical combination of different parts such as plants/pleats (as openings) / concrete boxes. We set up planting around the pleats and create an organic whole like breathing in the surrounding environment like a tree.

Construction Materials

Green Facade

Figure 2.3.3 Precast Concrete

Figure 2.3.2 Project Section

Advantages

Disadvantages

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Low environmental burden Visually appealing element Noise level reduction Improved air quality Help workshop participants to focus better

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Limited plant selection due to climatic condition High installation cost Frequent maintenance Limited space for root growth Figure 2.3.4 Water Repellent Coating

Figure 2.3.1 Images of Project (Vincent Hecht, 2012) Page 7

Construction Process 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Construction Details

Protection of all floors and surfaces Install frames Install irrigation controller and hardscape Install pre-planted panels Install irrigation drip lines and sensors Test the irrigation system of the living wall construction Initiate plant maintenance

Dust Proof Agent Scupper Drain

Artificial Lightweight Soil

Plant as leaf

Fluorocarbon Coating as corrosion resistant coating

Pleat as branch

Water Repellent Coating

Box as trunk Figure 2.3.6 Planter Box Construction Details

Integration to Learning Centre 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Figure 2.3.5 Green Facade Integration Resembling A Tree

Figure 2.3.5 Concept Application in Construction

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Green facade as frontage of Learning Centre facing Jalan Stesen 1 to filter noise pollution of vehicles.

Extension of green into the building as green lung to enhance the comfort level and visual aesthetics of interior space.

Multiple openings to blur the distinction between outside and inside.

Technical issue such as planter box depth, water irrigation system, coatings, etc to be applied in design.

Selection of appropriate plant type for easy maintenance.

Daylight regulation integration

2.4 Facade System II Introduction to Project Name of Project

Sliding Door

Architect

CplusC Architectural Workshop

Location

Canada Bay, Australia

Area

170.0m²

Built Year

2015

Sliding Doors is a fun, lively addition to an existing Californian bungalow that creates more functional space for a young family while welcoming in the natural daylight. The rear of the property was well positioned to accommodate new living spaces while providing a more dynamic connection to the rear yard for the supervision of small children, and for entertaining friends and family.

Construction Materials

Curtain Frosted Glass Louvre

Figure 2.4.3 Locally Sourced Timber

Figure 2.4.2 Sliding Door Panel with Adjustable Glass Louvre Figure 2.4.4 Frosted Glass Louvres

Advantages

Disadvantages

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Natural ventilation and lighting Open view Ease of repair High flexibility in regulating daylight at different time Low Cost

Figure 2.4.1 Images of Project (Murray Fredericks, 2015)

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Safety issue as the panels can be easily and silently removed Tedious to clean

Figure 2.4.5 Recycled Brick Page 9

Construction Process 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Construction Details

Installation of louvre frame by placing top cill into position on side jamb of louvre and secure with self tapping screws.

The louvre is fitted from inside the structure with the angle jams fitting around the vertical greenhouse bars concerned.

Put the PVC anti-dust strip on the end of cutted & remained panel.

The louvre must be glazing after it has been installed to the structure.

Concrete is casted in-situ.

Aluminium Mullion Anchor Clip

Continuous Aluminium Angle at Perimeter Jamb

Aluminium Blade Top Timber Rail Aluminium Jamb

Sub Head Assembly

Aluminium Mullion Anchor Clip

Sealant and Backer Rod

Bolt Installed at Factory

Frosted Glass Louvre Aluminium Sill

Mullion Non-compressible Dead Load Shim Endcap

Bottom Timber Rail Figure 2.4.7 Glass louvres connection details

Headrail

Integration to Learning Centre 1.

2.

3.

4.

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6.

Due to safety issue, curtain glass naco louvres is only installed on upper floor.

Modern interpretation of traditional fenestrations along Jalan Stesen 1 by replacing timber with black aluminium.

Widely used to treat west facade due to its flexibility in regulating daylight.

To enhance the interstitial space between Learning Centre and adjacent public space with visual permeability.

Improve overall building efficiency by promoting natural ventilation.

Resonate with the existing naco louvres of neighbouring shophouses and forge a harmonious elevation shophouse terrace at street view.

Figure 2.4.6 Glass Louvres Components

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3.1 Front Elevation 1:100 3.1.1 Facade Scheme I - Green Facade

Openings in relation to green facade

Aluminium windows in precedent are replaced by bamboo blinds.

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3.1 Front Elevation 1:100 3.1.2 Facade Scheme II - Curtain Glass Louvres

Curtain Glass Louvres installed only on upper floor due to security issue

Arrangement curtain glass louvres in small multiple units to further enhance its flexibility in regulating daylight.

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3.2 Rear Elevation 1:100 3.2.1 Facade Scheme I - Green Facade

Cripples are grown along vents to regulate daylight penetrating through them.

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3.2 Rear Elevation 1:100 3.2.2 Facade Scheme II - Curtain Glass Louvres

Resonate with local tectonics by interpreting the remnants of existing glass louvres in a modern way.

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4.1 Floor Plans 1:200

Workshop Consulting Outdoor Terrace

Archive

First Floor Plan

Third Floor Plan Page 15

4.2 Sectional Perspectives 1:40 Workshop Consulting Outdoor Terrace -First Floor

Water Filtration Membrane Soil Fine Gravel Coarse Gravel Marble Water Discharge PVC Piping Channelled to Ground though Column Embedded in Adjoining Wall Slopped Reinforced Concrete

Planter Box

Business Workshop

Outdoor Terrace Composite Slab with Metal Decking

Reinforced Concrete Concrete Mixing

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Steel

Encased

in

4.3 Sectional Perspectives 1:40 Archive Discussion Area - Third Floor

Fascia

Prefabricated Curved Steel Top Plate

Timber Batten

Terracotta Cladding Extended from Wall to Roof

Study Area Reinforced Concrete Concrete Mixing

Steel

Encased

200mm Structural Curved Wall

Curtain Glass Louvres

Composite Slab with Metal Decking

Archive Galvanized Anchor Plate

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in

5.0 Reference 1.

Advantages and disadvantages of timber frame buildings. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Advantages_and_disadvantages_of_timber_frame_buildings.

2.

Advantages of Timber Roof Trusses in Building Construction. (2017, June 27). Retrieved from https://theconstructor.org/structural-engg/timber-roof-trusses-advantages/13875/.

3.

Ahmed, I. M., & Tsavdaridis, K. D. (2019, January 15). The evolution of composite flooring systems: applications, testing, modelling and eurocode design approaches. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0143974X18307296.

4.

Benefits of Having High Performance and Multi-Functional Aluminium Louver Windows: Win-Tech Australia. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://win-tech.com.au/benefits-of-having-high-performance-and-multi-functional-aluminium-louver-windows/.

5.

Green Wall Construction - Living Wall Construction - Vertical Gardens. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.ambius.com/green-walls/services/installation/.

6.

Hutchison, B., Hutchison, B., Hutchison, B., Kuss, D., & Josh. (2007, March 3). Retrieved from https://www.renovateaustralia.com/2007/03/03/6-advantages-and-6-disadvantages-of-composite-decking/.

7.

Masonic Amphitheatre Project / design/buildLAB. (2012, July 10). Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/253283/masonic-amphitheatre-project-designbuildlab-at-virginia-tech.

8.

Mustonen, T. (2018, January 29). What are Green Walls - the definition, benefits, design and greenery. Retrieved from https://www.naava.io/editorial/what-are-green-walls.

9.

Plant Connection Inc. (n.d.). Plant Connection, Long Island NY, Benefits of Green Walls or Vertical Gardens. Retrieved from http://myplantconnection.com/green-wall-benefits.php.

10.

Timber Frame Home Design - Advantages and Disadvantages. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.eco-home-essentials.co.uk/timber-frame-home-design.html.

11.

Uncategorized, P. 29th M. in. (2018, December 19). Timber disadvantages become advantages. Retrieved from https://www.landmarkpro.com.au/timber-disadvantages-become-advantages/.

12.

Tapia, D. (2019, July 7). Sliding Doors / CplusC Architectural Workshop. Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/920436/sliding-doors-cplusc-architectural-workshop?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all.

13.

Maggiora, M. V. della. (2019, July 3). 'HHH' House / Simple Projects Architecture. Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/920260/hhh-house-simple-projects-architecture.

14.

Tapia, D. (2018, May 30). Tree-ness House / Akihisa Hirata. Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/895346/tree-ness-house-akihisa-hirata.

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