ABPL90389_2019_SM1_Urban Design Studio C
The Neighbourhood Link
Temporary/Tactical Urbanism by Gian Franco Valverde Espinoza
Professor Kim Dovey Matthjis W. L. Van Oostrum Melbourne of School of Design The University of Melbourne
ID_890823_MSD_The University of Melbourne
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Analysis Description of site study area, capacity & adaptation maps
page 3
2 Proposal Description of the project, design and fund scheme and method
page 7
3 Toolkit Adaptations: Size, Use and Time
page 9
4 Possible Scenarios Scenario 1: Negotiation of common space: Short-term pilot intervention Scenario 2: Creative community cluster: Long-term investment strategy
page 11 page 15
5 Cases & Readings A revision of nine adaptation projects across the world
A literature review of key concepts about tactical & temporary urbanism from book and journals
page 19 page 29
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Gian Franco Valverde Espinoza
INCREMENTAL DESIGN. A community-lead project that gradually transforms an underutilized car parking into an adaptable framework of maker-spaces, local shops and other daily essential activities.
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ID_890823_MSD_The University of Melbourne
ANALYSIS
1
To Clifton Hill
To Melbourne´s CBD
Abbotsford, CITY OF COLLINGWOOD
To Kew East
Lulie St.
Hoddle St.
Eastern Freeway
D
A
B
C
To Collingwood Station
SITE CONTEXT The site is located along the railway line in the suburb of Abbotsford, Collingwood which is 2km north-west from Melbourne’s CBD. The railway restricts pedestrian connections to east-west side of the urban fabric. The population has a diverse cultural background, younger families, emergence creative artist, existing brewery industries and home to the Collingwood football club.
Site Study Area Victoria Station Bus Stop Railway Tunnel (Pedestrian Link) Car entrance
Buffer Zone (VicRoads)
Existing land occupancy
A Victoria Park
B Collingwood Library
C FareShare Kitchen Garden
D Car parking
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Gian Franco Valverde Espinoza
Lulie St.
Abbot St.
nt ce res rry C
Upfield Railway
e Tren
Hoddle St.
Noone St.
Turner St.
0m
125 m
250 m
ADAPTATION This map represents the existing spatial adaptations that occurs in the site. They are categorised in 5 items which combined shows the location and size of existing community initiatives. This serves as a way to understand place attachment within established neighbourhoods. It helps to visualize the hidden and fined “seed interventions� of neighbours often dismissed by local planning tools.
Furnishing
Public transport
Greening
Bus stop Metro station
Enclosing
Building & lot lines
Displaying
Study Site
Surfacing
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ID_890823_MSD_The University of Melbourne
Lulie St.
Abbot St.
nt ce res rry C
Upfield Railway
e Tren
Hoddle St.
Noone St.
Turner St.
0m
125 m
250 m
CAPACITY This map represents the existing development opportunity within the site. They are categorised in 6 spatial qualities and according to a period of use which combined shows the location, size and time-frame of existing available land. It helps to observe the city as spatial network of opportunities often dismissed by local planning tools.
Green space
Public transport Bus stop Metro station
Laneways
Study Site
Permanent Car space Pedestrian space Vacant Interface
Periodic
Building & lot lines
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Gian Franco Valverde Espinoza
ADAPTATION
CAPACITY
SITE CONDITIONS
Greening
Car space
Surfacing
Interface
Furnishing
Green space
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ID_890823_MSD_The University of Melbourne
2
FRAMEWORK (Council)
INFILL (User)
underutilize car-parking
buffer zone
subdivision of rental lots
street
street
Railway
street
Railway
buffer zone
buffer zone
EXISTING (Existing)
Railway
PROPOSAL
incremental design
DIAGRAM Site
Located in a car-parking space adjacent to a metro station. The land belongs to VicRoad and is part of a buffer zone of the upfield railway.
Time & Organization
A “Lease agreement” annually renewed (1.00 AUD per year) between the landowner (VicRoad) and the local council (tenant) which will subdivided in small parcels and subleased to a group of neighbours or community organizations during different time formats (weekly,monthly & annually)
Intervention
It modifies an existing car-parking next to the metro station into a neighbourhood transit-oriented development. It proposes an adaptable framework of modular scaffoldings where the user infill interim uses and unfixed structures creating an experimental community cluster that hosts micro and small sized entrepreneur’s businesses or start-ups.
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Gian Franco Valverde Espinoza
METHOD WHAT (forms)
HOW (operations)
WHEN (cycles)
WHERE (context)
WHY (activity)
enclosure surfaces
add modify
month year
car parking space
eat & drink meet debate play
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ID_890823_MSD_The University of Melbourne
TOOLKIT
3
SIZES
5m 5m 5m
2.5m
MICRO 12.5 m2
SMALL 25 m2
USES
TIME
Coffee kiosk
Coffee shop
Fruit shop
Book shop
Flower shop
Barber shop
Bike repairs
Milk bar / Grocery
DAILY Occupation Sublease from a day or a week
MONTHLY Occupation Sublease from 1 until 6 month
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Gian Franco Valverde Espinoza
10m 10m
10m
5m
SMALL 50 m2
MEDIUM 100 m2
Restaurant Urban beach / Sport courts
Roof-top Bar / Co-working space
Childcare service / Community maker space Cloth shop/ Artist gallery
MONTHLY Occupation Sublease from 1 until 6 month
SEASONAL Occupation Sublease from seasonal events within a year
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ID_890823_MSD_The University of Melbourne
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SCENARIO 1 NEGOTIATION OF COMMONS A 2
Lulic St.
C C
B
1
Railway
1
STAGE 1 FRAMEWORK
Urban Design Framework Proposal Pedestrian Link
Proposal Open space
New Pedestrian Gates Site Intervention
Site Conditions
1 Victoria Station (Metro) 2 Bus Stop
Buffer Zone (VicRoads)
A Victoria Park B FareShare Kitchen Garden
C Car parking
Scaffolding (module 5X5 m)
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Gian Franco Valverde Espinoza
SHORT-TERM INTERVENTION A
2
Lulic St.
B
1
Railway
1
STAGE 2 INFILL
Urban Design Framework
Temporary uses
Proposal Pedestrian Link
Subdivision & sub-lease
Site Intervention (Scaffolding) Services block (water management & toilets)
Adaptation (User)
Sport courts (Seasonal) Greening
Site Conditions
A Victoria Park B FareShare Kitchen Garden 1 Victoria Station (Metro) 2 Bus Stop
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ID_890823_MSD_The University of Melbourne
SCENARIO 1 NEGOTIATION OF COMMONS
This version sets up a pilot intervention to test community initiatives and businesses within time frames to determine which essential services and public facilities best work in the area.
Community-based design. A temporal scaffolding structure is filled by local adaptation initiatives of different size and uses.
Existing conditions. A view from Lulic St. to a current car parking within the buffer zone of the railway.
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Gian Franco Valverde Espinoza
SHORT-TERM INTERVENTION
This scenario helps council to collect, monitor and evaluate needed demands by residents and visitors to inform a future community strategy plan.
Neighbourhood extension. A community gateway that fills the gap of delivering an appropriate transport infrastructure and public amenities.
Existing conditions. A view from the tunnel to the car parking space. At the back, a view to the Victoria Park stadium.
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ID_890823_MSD_The University of Melbourne
SCENARIO 2 CREATIVE COMMUNITY CLUSTER A
2
Lulic St.
C C
B
1
Railway
1
STAGE 1 FRAMEWORK
Urban Design Framework Proposal Pedestrian Link
Proposal Open space
New Pedestrian Gates Site Intervention
Site Conditions
1 Victoria Station (Metro) 2 Bus Stop
Buffer Zone (VicRoads)
A Victoria Park B FareShare Kitchen Garden
C Car parking
Scaffolding (module 5X5 m)
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Gian Franco Valverde Espinoza
LONG-TERM INVESTMENT STRATEGY A
2
Lulic St.
B
1
Railway
1
STAGE 2 INFILL
Urban Design Framework
Temporary uses
Proposal Pedestrian Link
Micro sub-lease
Site Intervention (Scaffolding) Services block (water management & toilets)
Small-Medium sub-lease Adaptation (User)
Sport courts (Seasonal)
Site Conditions
A Victoria Park B FareShare Kitchen Garden 1 Victoria Station (Metro) 2 Bus Stop
Greening (Urban farming)
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ID_890823_MSD_The University of Melbourne
SCENARIO 2 CREATIVE COMMUNITY CLUSTER
This version consolidates a long-term intervention supported by local government funding scheme and aligned with the community strategy plan. This scenario proposes a “creative community cluster� that provides an affordable rent option to local businesses and services, young artists and designers, start-ups initiatives and a wider social benefit to residents.
Neighbourhood destination. An emerging agglomeration of local economies that brings a dense, mixed and vibrant urban place for visitors and residents within a walking and transit distance.
Existing conditions. A view from Lulic St. to a current car parking within the buffer zone of the railway.
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Gian Franco Valverde Espinoza
LONG-TERM INVESTMENT STRATEGY
This represents an opportunistic development model that brings a wise use of available state land to accommodate temporary and tactical interventions with bigger social benefits. It also tailors a neighbourhood transit-oriented development to locate a denser, mixed and vibrant activity centre within a walkable proximity to existing public transport options.
Density character. It improves the living conditions of an under-utilize space and creates a self-organize character within the area. It offers key views and safer walk to the Victoria Park with active lanes and frontages.
Existing conditions. A view from the tunnel to the car parking space.At the back, a view to the Victoria Park stadium.
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ID_890823_MSD_The University of Melbourne
CASE AND READINGS
5 Se
tba
ck
Fu
rni
sh in
g
VE SSI PA
E
AC TI V
1980
2010
Ch
ara
2011/2012
Pla
cte
yg
r
rou
Top
nd
og
rap
hy
Temporary/Tactical Urbanism 19
Gian Franco Valverde Espinoza Centre of Santiago, CHILE
PASEO Bandera
Before
Intervention
(Rigid crossing)
(extension)
Pedestrian street intervention
Site: Closed street due to Metro L3 construction area. Time: 2017. Project will become a permanent pedestrian street. Organizations: Top down approach. Public life study 27 088 People per Day 96 % People Approval (adequate urban space) 20 % Increased sells (Local commerce and daily retails)
WHAT (forms) Surface Seats Plants
HOW (operations) Modify Paint
WHEN (cycles) Year Permanent
WHERE (context)
WHY (activity)
Roadway Sidewalk Car park
Relax Meet Drink Eat
Source (http://www.disenoarquitectura.cl/paseo-bandera-de-estudio-victoria/)
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ID_890823_MSD_The University of Melbourne
Miraflores Council, Lima. PERU
2013
2014
PARKLET
PM
AC TI
SIV
S PA
Site: Underutilize front car-parking of a Supermarket. Time: December 2014 to December 2015. It become permanent. Organization: Bottom up approach (Citizen Observatory Lima como vamos, Habitat Indoors, Avina Foundation & Miraflores Council)
E
VE
Pocket park intervention
Public data Study 47 550 Visits 200 People per day
AM
WHAT (forms) Surface Seats Plants
HOW (operations)
WHEN (cycles)
WHERE (context)
WHY (activity)
Modify Recycle
Year Permanent
Car park
Relax Meet Drink Eat
Source (https://ocupatucalle.org/)
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Gian Franco Valverde Espinoza Miraflores Council, Lima. PERU
2015
Future development
A Plaza instead of a Fence
Cycle
Setback intervention After
sh
ing
Sold
Se
tba
ck
Fu
rni
Site: An available setback of a purchased property before legal constructions begins. Time: From 2015 to 2016. Until the start of work construction. Organization: Bottom up approach. (Citizen Observatory Lima como vamos, Lateral & Miraflores Council) Benefit: New planning legislation to accommodate temporary intervention during building permit process.
WHAT (forms) Surface Seats Plants
HOW (operations) Modify Recycle
WHEN (cycles)
WHERE (context)
WHY (activity)
Year
Setback
Relax Meet Drink Eat
Source (http://www.nomena.net/#/en-vez-de-un-cerco-una-plaza/)
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ID_890823_MSD_The University of Melbourne
1980-2004 Abandoned
Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS
2005-present
NDSM Wharf
TEMPORARY building intervention Site: Underutilized shipbuilding warehouse of 85 000 m2. Time: 10 years lease, then become a Permanent building mixed-use.
Expansion
Subdivision
Organization: Grow up business model (Self-organization & self-funding)
Benefit: Large collaborative community with range of skills and New planning legislation to accommodate building process.
Grow-up
WHAT (forms)
HOW (operations)
Enclosure Atmosphere
Add Modify
WHEN (cycles) Years
WHERE (context)
WHY (activity)
Vacant Building
Live Create Debate
Source (https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2017/11/17)
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Gian Franco Valverde Espinoza Municipality of Ringa, LETONIA
Silence! Riga Mock-up street section
Site: Riga’s Miera street contains car traffic and Tram system.
mock-up
Time: 1week intervention.
Organization: Private initiative- Fine Young Urbanists. Debate & Test. Prioritise cyclist and pedestrian, and organize the existing transit flows.
WHAT (forms) Surface Seats Plants
HOW (operations) Modify
WHEN (cycles)
WHERE (context)
WHY (activity)
Day week
Roadway Sidewalk Carpark Interface
Relax Meet Drink Eat
Source (http://fineyoungurbanists.tumblr.com)
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ID_890823_MSD_The University of Melbourne
Municipality of Surquillo. Lima, PERU
GHOST Train Park Pop-up park
Site: Uncompleted elevated metropolitan railway.
Organization: Bottom-up by Citizen Observatory Lima como vamos, Basurama & Surquillo Council)
Time: 20 years infrastructure gap (1990-2010),1 month intervention caused Authorities to complete and deliver the railway. (2012) 1980
2010
Financial flow Climb
WHAT (forms)
HOW (operations)
Swing Seats
Attach Recycle
2011/2012
Hang Swing
WHEN (cycles) Month
WHERE (context)
WHY (activity)
Railway Nature strip
Relax Look Meet Protest Source (http://basurama.org))
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Gian Franco Valverde Espinoza
Stavanger, NORWAY
GEO-PARK
Re c y
Detached
Site: Vacant forecourt adjacent to the Oil Museum.
g
Adaptive & recycled materials (elements of petroleum installation and scraps)
Lear nin
Organization: Bottom up (Self-organization & self-funding)
process
Reused
Time: 1 year temporary intervention extended until 5 years. Ongoing discussion to become permanent.
Ch
ara
cte
Pla
r
yg
Top
rou
nd
og
WHAT (forms) Seats Surface
cli n
g
Pop-up park intervention
HOW (operations) Add Recycle
rap
hy
WHEN (cycles)
WHERE (context)
WHY (activity)
Year Permanent
Vacant lot Waterfront
Relax Look Meet Debate
Source (https://www.archdaily.com/635551/geopark-helen-and-hard)
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ID_890823_MSD_The University of Melbourne
New York´s City, E.E.U.U
SOFTwalkers
Pop-up park intervention/ Urban Hacking Site: Existing structures of scaffolds. (Sidewalk sheds) Time: From one day to a short-period intervention.
Organization: self-funding)
Business
model
(Self-organization
&
Incremental change: 189 miles of continuous scaffolding as an opportunity to social and economic change.
WHAT (forms) Seats Tables Plants
HOW (operations) Attach Recycle
WHEN (cycles)
WHERE (context)
WHY (activity)
Day Week
Scaffold Interface
Relax Eat Meet Drink Sell
Source (https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1335098906/softwalks-the-pilot-project)
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Gian Franco Valverde Espinoza Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL
2012-Opened
PULACERCA, Plaza de Tiradentes
Pop-up intervention/ Urban Hacking
Site: Existing boundary (fence) of a Public space. Time: From one day to a short-period intervention. It opened up the park to public permanent use. Organization: Bottom-Up (collective Oparavivrรก) Reclaiming public space. Desired connections are created by people in the actual configuration of the Plaza.
WHAT (forms)
HOW (operations)
Stair
Modify
Block
Access
WHEN (cycles)
WHERE (context)
WHY (activity)
Day Week
Interface Plaza
Protest Access
Source (https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1335098906/softwalks-the-pilot-project)
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ID_890823_MSD_The University of Melbourne
CITIES IN TIME
Book 1
Temporary Urbanism and the future of the city by Ali Madanipour The book aims to develop a theoretical and critical analysis of temporary urbanism, to understand, analyst and problematize it. The author provides a philosophical concept of time, economic and technological processes of global change and social, and personal experience of life in the city. These concepts explore how time had been treated as an instrument, how it has been subject to the pressures of acceleration in process of globalization, and how transcendent is the outcome of these forces. The chapter one explains the Instrumental TEMPORARYity by introducing the concept of Timekeeping. It’s manifested from the way to measure change and how time is embedded and expresses in the life of the city. For example, the market cycles held in the plaza of temple mayor Azteca, the mosque announcing prayer time facilitating orientation in urban spaces in Muslim town and the classic clock tower that goes beyond religions regulating life in town as place of trade and exchange. Finally, the book refers them to concrete examples by validating the role of design as integral part of the process of TEMPORARY ordering and organizes explicit and implicit frameworks for human behaviour. In this point, is relevant to related with the book of Kevin Lynch, what times of this place and the image of the city, to understand time as change and the spatial component of design.
MAKE_SHIFT CITY
Book 2
Renegotiating the urban commons by Francesca Fergurson
The book encourages the reader to challenge a preconceived belief about what is mean by the Urban commons and where or how it’s physically manifested. It enables concerns related to the acts of radical transformation and exhorts democratic rights within cities, as a fundamental debate on the collective shared values which expose the truth power of renegotiations of commons. Commonality as an integral process of urban renewal that opens up spaces of opportunities. Key important messages are theoretically and physically explain through conversations and projects that suggest small acts of reinscribing urban spaces and policies as part of urban commons. Examples reflect a renegotiation practice between citizens and local government to reclaim left-over and vacant spaces as part of the spaces of commonality. From empowering the commons, by a big public manifestation to stop demolition of a park in the center of Istanbul against the political blind-eye to approve a shopping Mall building in the site. Then, creating urban ecologies by spatial appropriation and redesign of industrial plots into public parks in Germany. Where emerges a relational aptitude with the place, as form of renegotiation. Finally, this critical space practices described by the author, the journalist and activist Francesca Ferguson, suggest an alternative way to the traditional planning regulations, and evoke a sense of shared purpose named urban commons. These acts are renegotiations in the form of interventions.
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Gian Franco Valverde Espinoza
Journal of Urban Design Affairs
PUSHING THE URBAN FRONTIERS
Journal 3
Temporary uses of space, city marketing, and the creative city discourse 2000s Berlin by Claire Colomb
The chapter analyses the branding changes of the city of Berlin in 1990s with large-scale construction, iconic architecture of flagship development projects to symbolize Postunification era in contrast with the Berlin early 2000s characterize by the boost of creative , unplanned, multifaceted, and dynamic diversity of temporary uses of space. The cases exemplified the succeed in popularity of this alternative and local manifestation from the first Beach bar in 2002 the Strandbar Mitte, as ludic and leisure-oriented focus, to 60 beaches by 2010 in Berlin. The author arises questions related to Identity at the national economic and political level where spaces for cultural innovation are a phenomenon of cities in crisis that is suffering from deindustrialization, low growth or shrinking. As an example , in 2010 Berlin-wide database found 550 vacant plots of 110 ha of buildable land described as dead, void or wasted. The article studies how and why those existing wastelands had been occupied by individuals, groups and entrepreneurs with temporary or interim uses, and its adoption in recent economic and urban development policies. In fact, the reading focus on the gradual integration of temporary uses of spaces in the branding policy of Berlin as creative city Post-2000. Those TEMPORARY uses , Zwischennutzung, are characterized by inherent tensions between their temporary nature and potential search for perennity. It rises questions to the value of transformation into permanent uses.
Journal of Urban Design
Journal 4
TEMPORARY INTERVENTION AND LONG-TERM LEGACY Lessons from London case studies by Krystallia Kamvasinou The paper analyses the downturn cycle of London during 2007-2012 where the model of business-as-usual has taken place for years and focus on the exploration of temporary led-community projects that emerged on vacant land in a long-term vision. The author introduces the concept of temporariness and its integration in long-term regeneration process. Temporariness as a shift attitude regarding vacant lands as space for opportunities during recession from planning and urban design approach to a humanistic-centre development. It arises concerns about how can the discipline retrofit from developing public spaces that are in between community and development needs, and how much the dynamics of recession contributes to reframe the urban development as incremental , self-organized and collaborative process. The cases presented propose beneficial contribution to urban design specially in the public realm. Such as the Skip Garden, a railway brownfield land converted into a community garden and young center, and the Cody Dock as a gasworks dock area transformed in a working marina underserved boating community and hub for arts. Both cases succeed in demonstrate that Long-term vision is a major trigger factor to engage community with temporary projects from hands on site activities to management and lobbying. In sum, Temporary urbanism validated as method for adaptable and incremental urban design.
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Gian Franco Valverde Espinoza Graduate Urban Designer M: 0450713733 E: gfve91@gmail.com
WELCOME TO THE NEIGHBOURHOOD
Professor Kim Dovey Matthjis W. L. Van Oostrum
Melbourne of School of Design The University of Melbourne