MRO December 2021

Vol. 37, No. 6

December 2021

MAINTENANCE IN THE FUTURE

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Machinery and Equipment MRO

DECEMBER 2021 Vol. 37, No. 6 Established 1985

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Maintenance: the past, the present, and the future

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ike many things, maintenance management has its origins in the manufacturing industry. Back in the day, factories handled their machines in a simple manner; use it until it breaks, and only repair it when it can no longer work.

There seemed to be no planned maintenance, as the main focus was on corrective maintenance. Likewise, it seemed like downtime was not as critical as it is today; therefore, running assets on breakdown maintenance was not seen as a huge issue.

However, the Second Industrial Revolution (mid-to-late 19th century) brought electricity-driven machines, creating a need for more sophisticated maintenance.

Plant engineers gradually became more proactive in maintaining them, and established a pattern of frequency-based maintenance.

Looking at this through a modern lens, it seems wasteful and inefficient, as they would typically change the parts following a strict schedule, whether that was needed or not.

By the 1950s, the manufacturing space became increasingly competitive, and there was no tolerance for downtime in the industry. This was a result of the industry undergoing rapid reconstruction to recover from the after-effects of the Second World War. Japanese engineers started a new trend that involved following the manufacturer’s instructions about the care of each machine during operation. That trend gave birth to what we know now as “preventive maintenance.” Gradually, they encouraged technicians and other specialists in charge of machinery to develop schedules for lubricating the equipment, then noting and reporting any observations to help prevent damage from happening to the machines.

From that time to now, more proactive elements have been adopted in maintenance strategies, resulting in development of the popular strategies used today, such as “predictive maintenance”, “condition-based maintenance” and “reactive maintenance.”

Fast forward to today, the most suitable type of industrial maintenance is predictive maintenance. Thanks to technology, data regarding the state of your machinery is available at all times, and a computer system can predict issues and decide when it is the ideal time to make a repair or a replacement before a breakdown occurs.

The last 50 years (especially from 2000 to now), innovations in technology in every area of our lives have drastically increased, and of course, maintenance management is not left out, which brings us to Maintenance 4.0.

Maintenance 4.0 includes ways to analyze and recommend actions to take in order to ensure reliability and asset management are digitally assisted.

The impact of Maintenance 4.0 and new technologies affected many aspects of maintenance management. In this issue of MRO, we look at the future of maintenance. You will come across several industry experts explaining the changes that took place recently during the global pandemic, and the predictions for the future of the maintenance world in every corner of the industry.

Also, make sure to check out Peter Philips’ article, where he discusses How Industry 4.0 Holds the Future of Maintenance. In addition, Bryan Christiansen speaks about Technology and Modern Maintenance, and Cliff Williams looks at Asset Management in the Public and Private Sectors – is There a Difference?

Maryam Farag

Associate Editor

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December 2021

in this issue

Future of Maintenance / 8

Planning Reactive Work / 12

What’s Up Doug / 14

Now is a good time to look at how maintenance has evolved and where it’s heading.

We’ve always been told that we cannot plan reactive work.

The evolution of facilities maintenance.

Technology and Modern Maintenance / 16

MRO Quiz / 18

Maintenance Operations / 20

The establishment of an effective failure analysis program.

The smart move to more efficient and safer maintenance operations.

Asset Management / 24

Maintenance 101 / 26

In the public and private sectors – is there a difference?

Industry 4.0 and the future of maintenance.

Modern maintenance tools and technologies that will make life easier for maintenance professionals.

How Alignment and Condition Monitoring Extend Motor Life / 22 Learn why you should pair alignment with a condition monitoring program.

Social Media : @mro_maintenance : @mromagazine Cover I Photo: © metamorworks / Adobe Stock

Departments : linkedin.com/company/mro-magazine : @MROMagazine

Editor’s Notebook / 3 Industry Newswatch / 6 What’s New in Products / 29 In Conversation with Mr. O / 30

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Siemens launches Manage MyMachines MindApp

December 2021

For more industry news and events, visit www.mromagazine.com/news

GreenPower Motor Company announces agreement with Perrone Robotics

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reenPower Motor Company Inc. and Perrone Robotics announced their OEM agreement, where the two companies will deliver the next generation of the AV Star, which was developed for the Jacksonville Transportation Authority in 2019. Through this OEM agreement, GreenPower’s EV Star, a multi-purpose, zero-emission, min-E Bus will be up-fitted with Perrone’s TONY (To Navigate You) autonomous vehicle retrofit kit, which will transform the EV Star to the AV Star.

The AV Star aims to be a mobility and transportation choice for cities, municipalities, public and private campuses. The vehicle is capable of carrying up to 16 passengers, is ADA compliant, FMVSS compliant, and can travel at highway speeds. MRO

Festo appoints Director of Sales for Canada

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esto announced the promotion of Jean-Francois Paquette to Canada Sales Director, North American Sales.

In his new position, Montreal-based Paquette will focus on leading the sales objectives and planning strategy for the Canadian sales organization, setting and meeting revenue and profitability targets for Canada as part of the North American region goals.

Paquette has been the District Sales Manager for Festo’s Eastern Canada district the past four years, and will continue to fulfill those duties along with his new responsibilities until a successor for his old role is appointed.

Paquette will report directly to Holmes as well as locally to Roy Pietila, CFO for Canada. MRO

Skills Ontario celebrates National Skilled Trade and Technology Week

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he National Skilled Trade & Technology Week (NSTTW)is a week-long event to promote and host awareness-raising events around many career opportunities in the skilled trades and technologies in Canada.

This annual celebration was created by Skills/Compétences Canada (SCC) and is celebrated by SCC, and member organizations like Skills Ontario among others.

Over the week, Skills Ontario hosted social media celebration, recognizing the five sectors of the skilled trades and technologies: construction, industrial, motive power, service, and technology, along with launching new career profile videos of skilled professionals discussing their career paths and their advice to Ontario youth.

“We’re thrilled to be celebrating National Skilled Trade and Technology Week,” said Ian Howcroft, CEO, Skills Ontario. “We welcome young people to explore and discover all their potential pathways – there are amazing opportunities in the skilled trades and technologies!”

SCC hosted “A Virtual Career Exploration” event for NSTTW, where attendees learned about careers in the skilled trades and technologies, interacted with over 30 industry and education partners, answered trivia questions, and learned about the 9 Skills for Success. MRO

Photos: (top left), Siemens; (top right), GreenPower Motor Company Inc.; (bottom), Festo

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iemens launched Manage MyMachines; a MindApp within the emerging Mindsphere concept.

This cloud-based “platform as a service” enables the full data-tracking of machine kinematics and production data.

For the builder, this development translates into an ability to monitor the global install base. Shops and production departments, in tandem with their system integrators and other business partners, will benefit from display of all CNC equipment on the floor, regardless of location, brand, function or usage.

As a MindApp within the Mindsphere portfolio, Manage MyMachines is integrated in the cloud-based, open IoT operating system, as it allows access to all critical machine tool information, from bearing temperature to production by shift or job, all in a selectable priority scale, based upon user needs. Unexpected line downtimes and off-normal machine kinematic conditions can be identified and rectified.

Predictive maintenance can be programmed, so an upcoming failure can be anticipated, with alerts sent to a local distributor, for example, to deliver the needed components.

Complete asset management is further possible via Manage MyMachines, as resource consumption and energy usage are trackable, all in the cloud and accessible through the app in real-time. MRO

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ABB Canada recognized as one of Canada’s Top 100 Employers by Mediacorp

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BB Canada has been ranked among Canada’s Top 100 Employers by Mediacorp for “facilitating ongoing employee communications and providing a healthy and safe work environment.”

Mediacorp‘s Canada’s Top 100 Employers competition “recognizes employers with exceptional human resources programs and forward-thinking workplace policies.”

Winners are selected based on performance and offerings in eight key areas, including: physical workplace, work atmosphere and social; health, financial and family benefits; vacation and time off, employee communications, performance management, training and skills development; and community involvement.

Emerson marks 75 years in precision cleaning and welding technologies

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merson celebrates the 75th anniversary of its Branson brand, which specializes in ultrasonic technologies for plastics and metal welding, and precision cleaning.

The Branson portfolio includes offerings beyond ultrasonics; developing nine other materials joining technologies including laser, vibration and infrared welding. Emerson marked the anniversary at its new $49 million global headquarters for welding and precision cleaning technologies that opened in January.

“We are extremely proud of our history and how we revolutionized the use of ultrasonics in so many remarkable ways,” said Vernon Murray, President, Emerson.

mCloud to provide indoor air quality solutions at Saudi Arabian restaurants

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Cloud Technologies Corp. announced it has equipped two initial locations in Saudi Arabia with mCloud’s AssetCare solution for HVAC and indoor air quality.

Facilitated through its partnership with URBSOFT, a provider of urban technologies and services supporting the Saudi Vision 2030 initiative in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, mCloud will optimize the indoor air quality and energy efficiency in the restaurant Casa Pasta in Khobar City and CHICK “N” DIP in the Dhahran Mall in Dhahran City, owned by Althawaqh Food Company (AFCO) Restaurant Group.

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M A I N T E N A N C E

Machinery & Equipment MRO

December 2021

THE FUTURE OF MAINTENANCE

It’s been a year where various regulations and restrictions are in place since a global pandemic took hold in early 2020. Many processes around the world have changed to adapt, including maintenance practices. In turn, now is a good time to look at how maintenance has evolved and where it’s heading.

BY MARYAM FARAG

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here is no doubt that the future of maintenance will include digitization and automation.

The expanded deployment of digital technologies across manufacturing plants, facilities, utilities, and other organizations is set to reduce labourious

tasks, optimize maintenance schedules, increase preparedness and productivity, create safer environments for workers and improve the bottom lines of industrial organizations.

MRO enlisted a select group of maintenance experts – whose expertise in-

cludes asset management, maintenance consulting and training, supply chain management, and CMMS software – to help us build a snapshot of the future of the maintenance industry.

Asset Management

First, we spoke to Leonard G Middleton, Consultant at Asset Management Solutions, who believe that the one consistency we can expect is change.

“The rate of change will continue to accelerate, and organizations will need to be resilient, agile, and learning continuously, if they are to successfully ride the wave of these changes.

“With the increased automation and digitization, our capability to measure assets, processes and even people performing tasks continues to accelerate.

However, our ability to assimilate this tsunami of data remains limited. Improved tools will be required to convert this often-incoherent stream of data

Photo: metamorworks / Adobe Stock

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into intelligent relevant information to make timely and informed actionable decisions.

“Recent circumstances, such as the global pandemic and global warming, demonstrated linkages (global supply chain disruptions, severe weather events) that many may not have realized existed, and now need to address those opportunities and constraints provided by the new normal, and be flexible and resilient for future disruptions.

“There remains a key source of competitive advantage for organizations: people. Capable motivated people that are flexible, embrace change and the learning that goes with it, will enable intelligent leadership to have the performance of their organization to exceed that of comparable competitors.”

Also speaking about asset management was Suzane Greeman, Principal Asset Management Advisor at Greeman Asset Management Solutions Inc. “Asset dependent firms are beginning to embrace the growing complexity and uncertainty in their operating contexts.

As the operating contexts continue to shape the role of the organization’s asset management system, it is clear that it is a fundamental element of the business model of asset dependent firms.

“A key role of the asset management system is to create trade-offs among the various capitals that the firm owns, and among its combination of assets, strategic direction of the business model, risks and opportunities in the external environment, and stakeholder value.

“Some external drivers that can be anticipated as the external context triggering changes in asset management systems include increased: external stakeholder activism driving, oversight from external agencies and executives,

December 2021

requirements to implement strategic asset management plans (SAMPs) and execute against the plans, use of asset management strategies and SAMPs to demonstrate long term risk assurance by external partners. As well as the use of SAMPs to demonstrate the organization has the capability to perform appropriate trade-offs and allocate funding by external financial partners including financial institutions and investors.

“Asset-intensive companies have been doing some form of asset management for a long time. However, the need to create formal asset management systems to lend structure and to assure stakeholders that risks are being managed, is not going away, and is simply taking its place as a permanent fixture in the operating context.

“While asset owning companies do not always overtly include their asset management systems as part of their business models currently, responding to changing operating context will require a tight partnership between the two. A partnership that will position asset management systems as key business systems.”

Sustainability

Next, we spoke with Mariete F Pacheco, Managing Director at FRW Services Inc., who sees a continuation of sustainability within MRO, that has evolved a great deal over the years.

“Initially the strategy was implemented to win government contracts and tenders or as a method to save money.

“Acceptance of more sustainable products and practices has accelerated due to the greater emphasis on environmental and climate change concerns. The call for sustainability has gone beyond government requirements and has be-

come a greater demand from consumers looking for corporate responsibility, and from business customers who are creating a sustainable supply chain across their supplier base.

“Sustainability is becoming more than a competitive advantage for organizations looking to differentiate themselves in the marketplace, it will soon be the norm and table stakes in some industries as governments roll out climate change mandates, looking to create circular economies.

“Sustainability also dovetails in the recent resurgence in re-shoring of manufacturing and buy local messages some communities are encouraging. There are limited regulations generally outside of North America that certify or warrant products as sustainable or better for the environment. Combine this with the ongoing uncertainty of the global supply chain, organizations are sourcing these sustainable products and many operationally critical products domestically to mitigate risks associated with raw material shortages, shipment delays or sky-rocking price increases.

“For some organizations, the sustainable products were used merely as a stopgap alternative during the recent supply chain challenges, but as short-term challenges extended into longer-term issues, organizations have come to embrace these alternatives as commonplace due to their stability in availability and consistent performance.”

Maintenance Management

MRO also spoke to James Reyes-Picknell, Principal Consultant at Conscious Asset, who mentions that the management of maintenance is becoming far more challenging and no longer a role that can be fulfilled by competent technicians.

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“The rate of change will continue to accelerate, and organizations will need to be resilient, agile, and learning continuously, if they are to successfully ride the wave of these changes.”

“Maintenance and its management have been headed south for a while.

Short-sighted management decisions have long been setting the stage for more asset unreliability. Then came a pandemic that exacerbated some problems while hiding others.

“People skills, combined with the ability to think and then act strategically are becoming far more critical. Complexity is growing in parallel with our loss of ability to deal with it easily.

“COVID-19 changed how people work, especially where work is done on computers or in offices. However, maintenance isn’t an office job. Machines continued to operate and break, and maintenance never stopped. For technicians in the field, there were changes to shift and teaming arrangements, elimination of shift overlaps, reduction in contractor use, elimination of training, and outside consulting services and in some cases, a sustained increase in overtime.

“Implementation or upgrading of CMMS continues. Digitization initiatives continued to progress with growing interest in AI, machine learning and leveraging “big data.” Systems are becoming more feature rich, more integrated, and more complex. Most users of these systems still don’t measure their own results – an indication that the very systems intended to help in measuring, are missing the mark.

“What’s occurring in the workforce is a shift from dependency on others, to

greater dependence on our own workforces, but with less training and minimal preparation. Some changes worked well (reduced contracting to supplement labour shortages), but others have not (reduced contracting when specialized services were needed).

“Training was reduced and even shut down in many companies. The need for outside help and consultants is likely to jump as companies realize they can’t keep up as post-COVID-19 demand surges.

“We are also nearing the end of the baby boomer retirements. A lot were retiring, and a lot of experience was being lost before the pandemic, and now COVID-19 has accelerated that trend. The window of opportunity to transfer knowledge to the less experienced workers is shrinking.

“The reduced demand for products lowered production pressures. Plants ran at lower outputs, lower stress levels, ran equipment with lighter loads, and suffered fewer failures. They seemed to run more reliably. Repairs are waiting longer and taking longer because of continuing supply chain problems.

“The move to digitization won’t correct all problems, at least not quickly enough.

Machine learning and AI have their limitations. They are still not mature technologies. Expectations of technology still exceed capabilities. Corporate unwillingness to share data also leads to slower development of AI. Plenty is being learned as the early adopters make their attempts. Many of those first efforts at digitization are fail-

ing to achieve desired results, not total failures, but are largely disappointing.

“Newer and younger tech savvy managers expect that technology can “save the day,” but are being disappointed regularly. Realizing that they must learn people skills and develop a greater understanding of processes to achieve their companies’ goals.

“Today, and for the next few years, we see management going through a modern-day era of enlightenment. Technology development will continue, and capabilities will improve, but not fast enough.

Managers can’t depend on technology as much as they would like. Many of the lessons learned from past mistakes are lost already, or in danger of being lost for want of methods and the corporate willingness to capture it. Smart people will learn quickly, but not until the mistakes are repeated.

“We see short term pain, gradual enlightenment in parallel with some good technology development, informed by those who understand the processes.

That combination can truly help solve problems. Emphasis will shift from technology and back to people and processes as this awakening occurs.

Gradually, perhaps within a generation, we’ll all move from a maturity level described as “learning” into varying levels of “competence.” MRO Maryam Farag is the Associate Editor of Machinery and Equipment MRO magazine, Food and Beverage magazine, and Plant Magazine, Annex Business Media. Reach her at mfarag@ annexbusinessmedia.com

Photo: Pugun & Photo Studio / Adobe Stock

-Leonard G Middleton

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HOW BOWMAN INTERNATIONAL INNOVATED A WORLD-FIRST SPLIT ROLLER BEARING FOR HIGH-LOAD APPLICATIONS

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or the first time in split roller bearing history, there is a bearing specifically designed to accommodate high axial load as well as increased radial load applications across a range of heavy-side sectors.

Harnessing the unique component production capabilities of additive manufacturing, the new Bowman Advanced Split Roller Bearing delivers up to 75% higher radial load capacity and up to a 1000% increase in axial load capacity in both directions.

Here, Chris Ager, Business Unit Manager for Bowman International’s Split Bearing Division, explains the thought process behind the design and the significance of innovating products for specific applications:

Q: Describe how you went about innovating a ‘world-first’ bearing.

When innovating a new bearing, we prefer to use a ‘blank page’ design philosophy, rather than simply trying to evolve or change an existing product. This enables us to scrutinise each sub-component, and understand it’s strengths and weaknesses, before working out how to improve in accordance to the specific application we are designing for.

For example, a traditional split roller bearing accommodates axial load as a secondary consideration, relying on sliding contact from race lips alone. We knew that in order to innovate a bearing that would optimise performance and reduce failure in high-load applications, the axial force would need its own integrated axial rolling element - something that has long been impossible to achieve with traditional component manufacturing techniques. Harnessing new technologies such as additive manufacturing, we were able to overcome this barrier and succeed in making a bearing that accommodates much higher radial and axial forces with great success.

When innovating a product for a specific environment it’s important to design for both the primary issue (in this case high-load capacities), but also any secondary issues too.

When studying high load applications, we identified two additional issues – the lack of available space around the system which made replacement and maintenance difficult, and the importance of maintaining uptime in busy and time-critical environments.

To meet these secondary needs, we knew that our new roller bearing needed to be split to the shaft. This would enable engineers to assemble it radially around the shaft, eliminating the need to disconnect the coupling and move other equipment such as motors, gearboxes or pumps in order to complete any maintenance. The radial assembly of our new bearing delivers up to ten times quicker installation times compared to equivalent solid bearings, saving time and money on planned and reactive maintenance.

Q: Explain why additive manufacturing was the right method for creating the new Bowman Advanced Split Roller Bearing.

Bearing components, by their very nature, tend to be round objects manufactured from rings or rods and the most complex component is usually the bearing cage. We knew that as soon as there was an emerging technology that could create complex forms in resilient

materials, this would likely be the answer to creating a bearing cage with enhanced performance capabilities.

Additive manufacturing allowed us to create strong durable cages with highly complex geometries that could not be manufactured in any other way - the resulting cages create bearings with superior performance to other manufacturing methods, all at a reasonable price point and no tooling required.

For more information on Bowman’s new Advanced Split Roller Bearing, search ‘Bowman Split Bearings’ online.

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YOU CAN PLAN SOME REACTIVE WORK We’ve always been told that we cannot plan reactive work.

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he horse is already out of the barn and we just need to get the horse back in the barn.”

“We should spend our time planning the proactive work to get the barn into better shape so horse don’t get out in the first place.”

“We also don’t want to slow down swift supervisor response to the reactive work.”

However, we can plan some of the reactive work to improve our maintenance results. We can run the Deming Cycle to improve the quality of some of the reactive work, and we can schedule some of the reactive work to improve our productivity. We can accomplish both of these objectives without slowing down supervisors.

First, consider the practice of planning. The best planning practice is using

planners as craft historians that give head starts to jobs and save useful information for everyone. This craft historian strategy implements the Deming Cycle to make better plans over time, and does not presume plans are somehow perfect.

Indeed, we are not trying to replace the skill, experience, and wisdom of trained craftspersons with perfect job plans. Job plans should aim to eventually be great guides for new persons, and handy references for senior persons, but plans are always living works-in-progress.

Combine this strategy with the knowledge that not all reactive work will start today.

Many times, reactive work is not an emergency that must start today. Consequently, a planner needs only to check with the crew supervisor anytime a new reactive job pops up and ask if the super-

visor thinks the job will start today. If the job will probably start today, then don’t bother to plan the job at all!

But if the job will not start today, the planner can knock out a quick job plan. If there is no existing plan, the planner might simply do a quick field check, make a quick judgment of what is needed, and call it a day.

What kind of plan is that?

It can be a great job plan. The planner has added craft and time requirements to allow better assignments. The planner has clarified the scope to at least get the execution going in the right direction. After the execution, as always, the planner looks for feedback (longer ladder, additional gaskets, different bolts, etc.) to improve the plan.

So, in the future, even for a reactive planning effort, there might already be a living plan from the past! Why

wouldn’t we want the planner to attach the better job plan; the better head start?

Why doom a craftsperson to reinvent the wheel and not receive the better head start if the planner had time to attach it? The key to the whole notion of planning some of the reactive work is to check with the crew supervisor first. Never, ever, suggest that the supervisor should wait on planning. But if the job won’t start today, knock out a quick job plan and run the Deming Cycle of continuous improvement to promote better and better maintenance work over the years.

Second, consider the practice of scheduling. The best scheduling practice for maintenance productivity is starting crews with weekly, fully loaded schedules to defeat Parkinson’s Law. Parkinson’s Law states that, “The amount of work

Photo: SpicyTruffel / Adobe Stock

BY DOC PALMER

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assigned expands to fill the amount of time available.”

We must start crews off with fully loaded schedules each week. But because real life does have a lot of reactive maintenance, it must be allowable to break the schedule.

Starting crews off with 100 per cent loaded schedules, and achieving 40 to 90 per cent schedule compliance, yields more work completed than 70 per cent loaded schedules and 90 to 100 per cent schedule compliance.

And more work completed than normal means the completion of more proactive work. But what about all the new reactive work that will happen next week? We expect reactive work by allowing to break the schedule.

We can also make more credible weekly schedules by first planning some of the reactive work. Some of the reactive work where we knocked out a quick job plan actually ends up waiting in the backlog at the end of the week. It turned out not quite reactive as we thought. And rather than fuss at operators to avoid the urgent priority selection, it turned out to be a good idea that we had checked with the supervisor and had knocked out a quick job plan.

That planned reactive work can be put in the weekly schedule for the next week.

Don’t break the weekly schedule next week for work you know about this week!

You can put it in the schedule because the quick plans provide craft and time estimates.

It gets better. We can now bundle lesser priority work with the more reactive work in the next week’s schedule.

“If we are going to LOTO that system next week, we might as well go ahead and do these other two jobs that have been lingering in the backlog.”

And lower priority work

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lingering in the backlog is normally proactive work that otherwise is hard to work into the reactive churn of real-life maintenance.

Be better than most plants that simply let all the reactive work bypass planning and scheduling. Check with the supervisors and then plan the new reactive work that won’t start today. Run

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the Deming Cycle to make as many plans and jobs better over the years.

Additionally, put any of that planned work into the next week’s schedule if it is still in the backlog at scheduling time. Make fully loaded schedules as credible as possible to have superior productivity and complete extra proactive work. Don’t be a

normal good plant. Be a superior great plant! MRO Doc Palmer, PE, MBA, CMRP is the author of McGraw-Hill’s Maintenance Planning and Scheduling Handbook, and Managing Partner of Richard Palmer and Associates, which helps companies worldwide with planning and scheduling success. E-mail Doc at docpalmer@palmerplanning.com.

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THE EVOLUTION OF FACILITIES MAINTENANCE

The future might be hard to predict, but having witnessed how things have changed over the years, it can help in establishing future predictions for the maintenance world.

BY DOUGLAS MARTIN

dividual components. For example, some large facilities that once had in-house motor rewind departments, shifted the motor repair to local motor shops. Another example is that mine sites replace complete pulleys instead of simply changing the single bearing.

OEMs are getting involved in the life cycle of their machines.

Recall a number of years ago, a large paper machine manufacturer discussed that since papers machines were not being built, their survival depended on spare parts sales. Today, machinery OEMs are moving into a roll of taking responsibility for the life cycle of the machine that could include remote monitoring of the machine.

Another issue that has arisen from the recent cycles of commodity pricing (and especially oil pricing) is the push and pull of personnel between the industries with high commodity prices and those with low commodity prices. An example was the drain of talent from the pulp and paper industry into the oil and gas industry, then with the contraction of oil and gas, the

Photo: torsakh / Adobe Stock

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here are many traditional industries that are generally declining; they are more in survival mode as opposed to growth mode. There are also industries that are cyclic, based on commodity prices.

Many of these facilities had engineering groups as well as maintenance and condition monitoring departments that were well staffed. As time has passed, first, the engineering groups were reduced, then the maintenance groups were reduced. There were efforts made to create reliability groups, but often these were the maintenance groups re-named as reliability groups, but functionally, they were still called upon to do maintenance, which drew them away from their task of reliability.

Even with technicians who perform the vibration tasks, when the time comes to do system maintenance on a down day (i.e. to re-install sensors and cables if needed), they are drawn away to do mechanical repairs, which are deemed more critical than the system maintenance.

There are newer facilities in different countries around the world that have become the leaders in the industries that were once strong locally. Certainly, they have the benefit of new equipment with significantly greater capacity. However, they would also be burdened with the repayment of the capital cost of the facility. One of the main advantages is the structure of the company, where the facility is a “production” company whose only responsibility is to produce. The responsibility for the maintenance and reliability of the operation is contracted out to specialists who are experts in their services and their product. The problem that has been faced by local companies is that this model does not fit well with the existing structure/culture of labour and employment practices.

However, over time, it is evolving.

Examples of such evolution is the use of haul trucks in mines.

The model has changed from a mine site owning the truck to the mine site paying the truck owner (OEM or OEM representative) for operating time, and the truck owner takes responsibility for the maintenance and reliability of the vehicle. In other words, the mine site only pays for the operating hours of the haul truck as opposed to the capital cost and maintenance.

Another example is the packing of systems instead of in-

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It appears that machine monitoring has taken a giant step forward in reduction in overall cost and ease of installation. Machines will be monitored on systems that are not necessarily housed locally and monitored by a greater level of expertise (and with the assistance of artificial intelligence).

reverse migration of talent.

Current Internet technology is facilitating this transition.

With cloud data technology, data can be readily accessed from around the world at any time. Process and operational data can be transmitted around the world as live data, so instead of needed experts in house to understand the data, operating companies can have centres of excellence within the organization to provide expertise to the facilities within the organization. Instead of “in company” expertise, smaller organizations can take advantage of supplier COEs (centres of excellences) for advice.

With the advent of wireless sensor devices, machine monitoring has become that much easier. Previously, a sensor would have to be wired to a router, then the router to be connected to the facilities’ LAN. With this structure, there was level of labour intensity to first wire the sensors then to wire the LAN. Although some degree of wireless-ness was achieved by using internal WiFi networks, these often have weaknesses in both speed and security.

Today, with the advent of widespread and strong cellular networks, there is no longer a need for a LAN, and a machinery surveillance network is easily set up without the need for wiring.

To this point, sensors can be simply attached to a machine point without the need for cabling (power and signal). In other words, to physically install a sensor, all that is needed is to install that sensor, either in a pre-drilled hole, onto a button glued to the position, or even using a magnetic anchor. The cabling of sensors to a switch box or a router is no longer needed. This often was the most time and labour consuming task when setting up a monitoring system.

The wireless sensors then communicate with their router and that router communicates its data to the cloud. The data can then be accessed anywhere in the world using a standard Internet browser connection. Of importance, by connecting through the Internet, the local facility does not need to have the complex software loaded locally. This also means that the local IT department does not need to maintain the expert software on the local machines as well as ensuring the local machines are maintained to run the expert software.

In terms of data security, a wireless sensor array as described is not a security threat in terms of exposing the user to cyberattacks. In other words, since the data is sent directly from the router to the cloud, outside of the facility’s LAN, there is no data channel to the facility’s network.

So, what is the future of maintenance?

It appears that machine monitoring has taken a giant step forward in reduction in overall cost and ease of installation.

Machines will be monitored on systems that are not necessarily housed locally and monitored by a greater level of expertise (and with the assistance of artificial intelligence). Although emergency repair work will likely be done by a team of local first responders, proactive repair work will be done by experts in the machinery that is being repaired that are hired in a planned fashion.

Machinery maintenance and reliability may be done by the OEM or the OEM’s local dealer, and the user will pay for the operational availability of the machinery, opposed to the capital expense and subsequent upkeep. MRO Douglas Martin is a heavy-duty machinery engineer based in Vancouver. He specializes in the design of rotating equipment, failure analysis, and lubrication. Reach him at mro.whats.up.doug@gmail.com.

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TECHNOLOGY AND MODERN MAINTENANCE

Modern maintenance tools and technologies that will make life easier for maintenance professionals.

BY BRYAN CHRISTIANSEN

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Emerging technology trends are continually revolutionizing maintenance management. Let’s review predominant technologies, their relevance in maintenance operations and their effects on maintenance professionals.

IoT, cloud technology and condition monitoring

Stiff competition dictates that companies should keep operations running.

To avert breakdowns, companies are implementing condition monitoring technologies, which consist of sensors and communication networks. Sensors continuously monitor the health and the working conditions of equipment. They collect vast amounts of

data and transmit them to internal or cloud-based servers.

The industrial internet of things (IIoT) allows maintenance professionals to collect and analyse data in real-time.

It enables them to proactively identify underlying problems and resolve them before they cripple processes. Professionals leverage periodic equipment operating data to develop predictive algorithms and models for evaluating the reliability of different facilities.

Traditionally, to perform failure mode, cause, and effect analysis, it was necessary to sift through physical maintenance records. It was a time-consuming and error-prone process. However, as cloud technology advances, maintenance professionals can remotely access, summarize and visualize thousands of maintenance records in a matter of seconds. That way, professionals spend less time evaluating and troubleshooting equipment defects.

IoT and cloud technology will continue to support a shift from reactive maintenance to data-driven predictive

maintenance (PdM). Unlike reactive maintenance, PdM allows maintenance professionals to develop effective maintenance schedules. Aside from reducing the overall maintenance cost, PdM ensures an even distribution of maintenance workloads.

Remote inspection

Inspections form a part of preventive maintenance interventions across industries. Even so, some components of equipment or facilities are difficult to access. Visual inspections allow maintenance professionals to identify signs of wear that may escalate to failures.

Inspecting some sections of facilities like chemical processing plants exposes maintenance professionals to health risks. Remote inspection allows companies to monitor the structural integrity of components without disassembling equipment or risking the lives of professionals.

Companies conduct remote inspections using videoscopes, borescopes or fiberscopes. They rely on high-definition

Photo: Michael Traitov / Adobe Stock

odern production facilities incorporate several technologies to improve the autonomy and efficiency of processes. These advancements continue revolutionizing maintenance strategies, with companies aiming to eliminate downtime and streamline workflows. A modern maintenance professional requires technical knowledge on a variety of equipment and sufficient digital knowledge to facilitate proactive detection, diagnosis, and correction of equipment errors before they result in costly breakdowns.

With the advent of technology, maintenance ceases to be the responsibility of technicians alone. Proper maintenance is vital for improving the reliability and availability of production assets. It has significant impacts on the bottom line of a company. Modern maintenance technologies and tools transform the operations of organizations by: • Improving communications at all levels • Enhancing the transparency of routine operations • Streamlining (lessening) maintenance workloads • Enhancing compliance • Controlling maintenance budgets • Standardizing maintenance operations.

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IoT and cloud technology will continue to support a shift from reactive maintenance to data-driven predictive maintenance (PdM). Unlike reactive maintenance, PdM allows maintenance professionals to develop effective maintenance schedules. cameras to capture and transmit images and videos. Maintenance technicians view these images on portable screens, smart goggles, or eyepieces. For remote inspection of larger spaces, maintenance professionals utilize CCTV cameras or drones, which capture and relay videos in real-time. Drones and CCTV cameras reduce the total inspection time owing to their wide coverage angles. Breakthroughs in robotics and artificial intelligence have given birth to small climbers, crawling, and flying robots. These devices can navigate some hard-to-reach or hazardous areas.

Remote inspection allows maintenance professionals to monitor rotary equipment, pressure vessels, pipes, power plants and chemical facilities.

The devices maintain digital inspection records, which improve the quality and accuracy of inspections. They minimize inspection time and guarantee the safety of maintenance personnel.

CMMS technology

Computerized maintenance management systems (CMMS) continue to evolve with transformations in technology. The data storage, processing and storage capabilities of computing devices and CMMS platforms allow maintenance professionals to centralize staff, tools, and spare management.

These programs have evolved from simple platforms for storing maintenance records to sophisticated programs compatible with cloud technologies and mobile devices.

The benefits of CMMS programs to maintenance workflows are immeasurable. They store detailed information on every piece of equipment owned by a company, manufacturer manuals, spare part information, standard maintenance checklists, troubleshooting information and maintenance schedules. Supervisors utilize these platforms to approve work requests and assign work orders to technicians. The versatility of these programs means that authorized professionals can remotely access and update crucial maintenance information, monitor the progress of maintenance work and analyse the efficiency of mainte-

nance strategies.

By centralizing data management on CMMS platforms, companies standardize maintenance operations, leaving no room for errors when performing corrective or preventive maintenance, thus enhancing the safety of processes and technicians. More companies are adopting flexible work arrangements. They need to monitor the productivity and training needs of dispersed teams. CMMS platforms facilitate the documentation of maintenance tasks and guarantee the availability of maintenance and training information whenever required. CMMS programs simplify collaboration among maintenance teams.

Augmented reality and virtual reality

Maintenance professionals require periodic training to sharpen their technical abilities and acquaint them with emerging digital tools. Companies have been relying on printed manuals, graphs, and physical models to conduct training of maintenance professionals. As technology advanced, companies shifted to video conferencing, presentations, and digital manuals. Training maintenance professionals through these methods demand the physical presence of participants.

Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) technologies are quickly gaining pace and promise to revolutionize training for maintenance professionals.

With COVID-19 striking the globe, there was a need to limit physical interactions. Vendors and manufacturers utilize AR to create cyber representations of complex systems to demonstrate the interdependence of parts and processes. Maintenance professionals receive a walk-through of the entire facility. Virtual reality utilizes pre-recorded maintenance sessions to outline troubleshooting procedures or information.

These technologies improve the training of new staff as they can easily visualize how experts perform maintenance tasks at hand. AR technologies evaluate maintenance records to identify skill gaps and customize training programs to enhance the quality of maintenance work across the board. Manufacturers include recommended procedures in

AR and VR platforms. It assists maintenance professionals in conducting timely and accurate troubleshooting.

AR and VR solutions serve as a perfect reference point when maintenance professionals encounter new equipment or complex systems.

Leak detection tools

Industrial systems contain a blend of equipment and technologies that convey or utilize the three states of matter. The leakage of liquids and gases indicates underlying failures and poses safety risks to operators and occupants of a facility.

Leak detection is a preventive maintenance strategy that utilizes several digital tools and technologies to pinpoint the source of liquid or gas leakage.

Ultrasonic leak detectors enable maintenance professionals to locate leaks in pressurized systems, capture, convey and store digital records of facility leakages.

Air and gas leak detectors are vital for identifying the emission of combustible gases. Minute traces of combustible gases may result in fire accidents.

Leak detectors are vital for promptly identifying the source of gas or liquid leak and enables maintenance professionals to implement corrective measures within the shortest time. By correcting defects at an early stage, technicians can control maintenance workloads and enhance their safety.

Technology presents several opportunities for maintenance professionals.

Digital tools and platforms help maintenance personnel to reduce workloads and enhance the quality of maintenance work. They facilitate remote monitoring and maintenance, significantly boosting the safety and compliance standards of companies. Investing in digital skills is becoming inevitable for modern maintenance professionals. Companies need to keep abreast with emerging technology trends and find innovative ways to incorporate new tools and technologies into their maintenance workflows. MRO Bryan Christiansen is the Founder and CEO at Limble CMMS (a mobile CMMS software company, https://limblecmms.com). He can be reached at bryan@limblecmms.com.

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THE ESTABLISHMENT OF AN EFFECTIVE FAILURE ANALYSIS PROGRAM

Failure analysis programs are in place at production and manufacturing plants in many industries, but they tend to stop at a certain stage.

BY L. (TEX) LEUGNER What are the most common types of failures in your particular facility?

LOGIC: There are several very common types of failures, they include overload or over-speed (a common result of a latent cause); fatigue, of bearings for example, which can be considered normal if the bearing has reached the end of its life cycle; corrosion, causing material loss in a component; elevated temperatures, resulting in lubrication failure or changes in the metallurgical condition of the component.

What methodology of failure analysis is used in your facility?

LOGIC: There are six typical steps recommended in the failure analysis process. First is “diagnosis”: inspect the component carefully, using high magnification photos to determine if the failure is one of those frequently occurring, such as corrosion, temperature, lubrication related or fatigue.

Next, “collect background data”: frequently failures are a direct result of an inadequate repair just completed and review the machines complete maintenance history in detail.

Then “inspect the component (or pieces of it)” with a good quality microscope, develop a logic tree and list every symptom of the failure. Now “complete a detailed chemical, scanning electron microscopy or metallurgical analysis” to determine the related condition of the component or its pieces. Then “determine

Photo: zapp2photo / Adobe Stock

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hese programs are in place to determine and understand the root causes of component and machine failure, avoid recurrence, reduce costs, and improve equipment reliability. Unfortunately, and frequently, the root cause failure analysis process stops at the identification of the physical causes of a component or machine failure.

Root causes can be categorized into physical, human, and latent (organizational and managerial) causes. When the failure analysis team stops at uncovering the physical causes, a complete picture of why the failure occurred in the first place has not been fully investigated and determined. Delving into greater depths to identify human or latent causes of failure allows one to recognize incorrect or inadequate human actions, or inappropriate corporate policies that unknowingly or unintentionally permit the wrong or inappropriate human actions to occur.

A common example of human causes is lack of training in many maintenance or operational functions. A latent and very common cause of failure is a philosophy among some plant executives and managers that maintenance is a cost rather than an investment, which creates mistakes because the deference of scheduled PM tasks, in favour of production results in unexpected stoppages or failure.

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the physical failure mechanisms and arrive at a conclusion”. Finally, “determine human and latent root causes” that may have contributed to the failure.

Does your organization fully understand that failures can occur throughout a machine’s life cycle?

LOGIC: Without exception, failures belong to one or more of these seven causes: faulty design, material defect, manufacturing or processing deficiencies, assembly or installation defects, unintended service applications, maintenance neglect or procedural deficiencies, and improper operation.

How does your organization prepare and complete improvement projects?

LOGIC: ypical projects include changes to machinery to increase production. If a project does not consider proper material selection, accurate dimensioning and any operating condition that changes the operational result, failures will occur. One such recent production increase project was that of a conveyor system in a crushing plant. In order to supply more material to satisfy a newly acquired crusher, the conveyor system was expanded to increase the supply of material. Wider, stronger belts were installed, along with an improved support roller and bearing system. The gear drive mechanism which operated the conveyor failed catastrophically six weeks later. No thought had been given to whether the drive system could support the increased capacity.

How does the organization manage and facilitate increased customer demand?

LOGIC: Often customer demand necessitates increased production that may call for modifications to machinery. If the organization doesn’t give serious thought to how and why modifications are managed, failures will occur.

Plant management simply ordered increased speed of production machinery. Within three weeks, bearing failures began to occur. If a typical bearing load is doubled, the life cycle of the bearing may be reduced by as much as 90 per cent. Doubling the rated speed of a bearing can also reduce its life by as much as 50 per cent.

of many equipment reliability specialists, contributes directly to a two-to-five per cent reduction in plant productivity in North America. Poor operating practices are the direct result of two conditions prevalent in our present society; an uncaring attitude by workers, and an absence of appropriate training (in fact, the absence of adequate training may be directly related to worker attitudes).

Regardless of whether it’s physical, human, or latent causation, root cause failure analysis should be carried out after every incident or failure, no matter how insignificant or unimportant it may appear at the time. This is the only way an organization has any chance to effectively eliminate recurrences entirely while continually improving its operational and human resources.

To remain competitive, the goals of industrial plant facilities must include high levels of machine reliability, to reduce downtime, extend equipment life, reduce repair costs, improve equipment efficiency, reduce capital costs, increase productivity, and maintain employee morale and satisfaction. Maximum equipment and process reliability cannot be achieved or maintained if the plant is continually subjected to breakdowns, inadequate or incorrect repair procedures or recurring failures. MRO L. (Tex) Leugner, the author of Practical Handbook of Machinery Lubrication, is a 15-year veteran of the Royal Canadian Electrical Mechanical Engineers, where he served as a technical specialist. He was the founder and operations manager of Maintenance Technology International Inc. for 30 years. Tex holds an STLE lubricant specialist certification and is a millwright and heavy-duty mechanic. He can be reached at texleug@shaw.ca.

BEARING LIFE LOAD

X 2 = UP TO 99% REDUCTION

SPEED

X 2 = UP TO 50% REDUCTION

These engineering guidelines must be kept in mind whenever production increases are demanded by an unknowing management, or if machine modifications are considered. The obvious lesson is that every machine or mechanical drive system is only as strong as its weakest component. It is important to remember that about 80 per cent of bearing failures are usually a symptom of a much larger problem, such as excessive loads or speeds, extreme vibration conditions, poor lubrication practices, extreme temperatures, improper replacement bearing selection and/or poor installation.

After a failure has occurred, does your organization review its operational procedures and practices to address human root causes?

LOGIC: As discussed above, failures are often related to human and latent causes. A typical example is related to poor operating and maintenance practices. These may be one of the most common causes of machine failure, and in the opinion MRO_SEW Eurodrive _Sept21_CSA.indd 1

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Regardless of their size or the industry segment in which they operate, manufacturing companies are constantly striving to increase efficiencies within the various processes they employ.

BY JONATHAN BEAUMEL

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rguably, maintenance is one of the primary areas in which companies are continually seeking ways to lower costs and cut the time taken to perform essential tasks. With many maintenance operations still planned and performed manually, often by experienced operators performing sometimes basic yet time-consuming tasks, it is easy to see how manufacturers are sometimes swimming against the tide when it comes to achieving efficiency goals.

In an effort to improve in this area, more and more companies are turning to innovative and disruptive technologies to streamline processes and reduce the time and costs involved within their maintenance operations.

One laborious yet highly important task is the need for maintenance engineers to manually check the torque level of every single bolt that might be in place within a particular piece of machinery, engine, or countless other structures or vehicles.

This has led to the emergence of certain solutions that are designed to eradicate the high level of time demanded in such instances. Examples of such solutions include those that use ultra-sonic waves to perform inspections. However, despite enabling accurate measurements, this method has plenty of critics, who point out certain fundamental limitations.

Most notably, such devices require having physical access to the bolt, as the device needs to be plugged in on top of it. Ultra-sonic solutions also require information such as the length of the bolt, which might not be known or readily to hand.

A smarter approach to maintenance operations

Aerospace is one of the foremost vertical sectors in which maintenance, repair and operations (MRO) processes require efficient, as well as standardized, safe practices and solutions providers have been looking at ways to address this fundamental issue for years. It has al-

ways been apparent that maintenance engineers needed something that would meet head-on the fundamental challenges within processes themselves, while also overcoming the shortcomings of existing solutions.

This has seen companies in the industry develop new technologies that enables touchless and wireless measurement of bolt axial load. Importantly, this means that instead of having to manually verify the torque level of every single traditional bolt, maintenance engineers are notified about those specific fasteners that are either too tight or too loose so they can attend to them accordingly in just a few seconds. This offers an added immediate benefit from a safety aspect as the device can reduce the eventuality of breakages in bolts caused by repeated over tightening during manual checks.

Designed to improve efficiencies within MRO, these technologies perform the fundamental role of a standard washer but uses intelligent connectivity to provide maintenance and service engineers with a clear picture of axial loads. This has been demonstrated by incorporating a strain gauge and a transmission system, which via an appropriate reading device, relays the information to maintenance engineers.

Photos: JPB Système

THE SMART MOVE TO MORE EFFICIENT AND SAFER MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS

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Quantifiable efficiency gains

One such application scenario is with nuclear power, where nuclear energy companies could easily perform essential checks on radioactive waste tanks by using a drone from a safe distance. Similarly, manufacturers of wind engine turbines for power generation could leverage the benefits of new technology in conjunction with a drone, saving time (and ultimately costs), as well as overcoming safety issues inherent with hard-to-access wind turbine blades. There are many other examples in which these fundamental issues can be addressed and overcome with such solutions – including chair lifts and cable cars at ski resorts, or high-level rides at amusement parks.

Lifting off in other industries

Crunching data for predictive maintenance

Airbus Helicopters is one use-case in the industry which has noticed quantifiable efficiency gains across helicopter engine maintenance by using industry 4.0 practices. Usually, a helicopter can require a periodic check that necessitates removal of its engines and interior trim even before maintenance engineers can gain access and check the bolts. Once checked, the engine needs to then be re-installed and a ground-run undertaken to ensure correct installation of the engines. This is a very labour-intensive process heavy maintenance operation that would typically take around two days and require two engineers to check about 12 bolts.

Beyond aerospace and aeronautic industries, new technology in the industry can also potentially address several other sectors that demand extremely high safety standards and efficient maintenance processes.

For example, opportunities exist in the energy and renewable resources markets.

When using smart technology, there is a more far-reaching potential that has become evident. The amount and level of data provided by new devices that can be accessed, analyzed, and processed, could in due course enable accurate live monitoring and offer the opportunity to

THE SWITCH E AK

enjoy predictive maintenance. Parameters that could be registered and leveraged include tension, date, location, temperature, to name a few.

This means that whether it’s an engine for an aircraft manufacturer, wind turbine, or amusement park ride, those companies could be alerted if there is a requirement to perform maintenance – be it for a sudden and immediate issue or just according to schedule.

Ultimately, most manufacturers or companies that are required to perform maintenance checks on machinery or other infrastructures set themselves clear goals when it comes to reducing time and cost across such processes.

Thanks to innovative providers that commit to addressing and solving these fundamental challenges with smart technology solutions, manufacturers will be well equipped in their constant quest to continually improve efficiencies. MRO Jonathan Beaumel is a Design Engineer at JPB Système.

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Alignment is a critical component of extending motor life. Learn why you should pair alignment with a condition monitoring program.

BY ERIC ELDER

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hen machinery is misaligned, it can cause downtime, slow down production, increase energy costs, and damage machinery. Misaligned machines can also run hot as a result of consuming excess energy. This means not only higher energy bills, but also potential lubrication breakdown and safety concerns. Proper shaft alignment is especially important for rotating equipment operated at high speeds.

Misalignment happens when the centerlines of the driver and the driven equipment shafts are not colinear, or in

a straight line with one another. Correct shaft alignment increases the operating lifespan of machinery. A properly aligned shaft provides the most efficient power transmission from a motor to the driven equipment.

By shifting alignment from being an afterthought to a regular occurrence, you not only extend motor life — you free up your maintenance team to focus their time on true priorities. When equipment is properly aligned, there’s less need for repairs and replacements, because components last longer. But alignment isn’t a one-time thing. To understand how alignment changes over time, you need to collect and analyze condition monitoring data using handheld tools and sensors.

Consequences of misalignment

Poorly aligned machinery requires more replacement parts than properly aligned

machinery, so it’s more expensive and time-consuming to maintain — and diverts parts and labour from other needs.

For example, misalignment can cause seals to fail. And when a seal fails, it can cause fluid leaks and harm other machine components. Seals themselves can also be expensive to replace.

Misalignment is also a leading cause of excessive vibration. It can also cause premature failures in bearings, couplings, or shafts. These failures can also go on to damage other components or lead to downtime.

Flexible couplings can tolerate more misalignment than rigid couplings, but they still have certain requirements and tolerance limits. Using flexible couplings is not a substitute for proper alignment, and improper coupling choices can cause failures. A coupling that is too tolerant of misalignment for the application, for example, can cause increased vibration

Photo: Fluke

HOW ALIGNMENT AND CONDITION MONITORING EXTEND MOTOR LIFE

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or unbalanced rotation.

Motors face three main types of misalignment: angular misalignment, offset/parallel misalignment, and combination misalignment (which is when a motor shaft experiences both angular and parallel misalignment at the same time).

will require intervention at some point — usage and wear eventually cause failures — but condition monitoring can provide the insights you need to identify potential failures before they happen.

The frequency and detail of the monitoring can be tailored to the criticality of the machine.

Achieving and maintaining precision alignment

Using condition monitoring sensors and analysis software

Attention to a machine’s alignment should not end with installation. New equipment should be checked for changes in alignment after several months in case of settling, and the most production-critical equipment should be checked on a regular cadence. Alignment data can also be captured whenever equipment is down for maintenance. Over time, this data can provide insights about ways that alignment can be improved.

For example, it’s crucial to know the correct operating temperatures of a machine’s components and record them during normal operation. Heat can cause materials to expand and change a machine’s alignment. Different materials expand at different rates, as well as at different thresholds. Also, keep in mind that OEM data can sometimes differ from real-world operating conditions. Once you have an established baseline of temperatures, any deviations will stand out.

Alignment is not a fixed, static state, and misalignment can be caused by many different factors or conditions. A machine’s alignment can change when the machine experiences changes in temperature, pressure, load, or vibration.

Condition monitoring can detect misalignment problems before they lead to failures and downtime, with vibration monitoring being especially effective.

A thermal imager can spot a coupling that is too hot, but that won’t reveal the cause. Vibration data offers a fuller picture of asset health, with certain types and locations of vibration indicating alignment issues.

There are vibration monitoring tools available for a wide range of budgets and applications, whether you want a handheld tool for collecting basic data during route-based maintenance, vibration sensors for around-the-clock, in-depth condition monitoring of critical assets, or something in between.

Many successful maintenance teams use condition monitoring to collect asset data in real time. Every machine

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Condition monitoring is a cost-effective way to track asset health in real time.

Sensors and software make it possible to assess the condition of many machines, around the clock, without requiring someone on site taking measurements.

When you and your team know the condition of your machines, you can reduce or avoid failures and downtime.

Trending machine condition over time, and using software to analyze the data, gives your team the insights and knowledge they need to plan and prioritize their actions most effectively. Vibration monitoring is an effective way to monitor assets, from the most critical to the most often overlooked.

With a full picture of asset health, you can more effectively determine which maintenance actions need to happen and when. Planning maintenance this way, rather than relying on a calendar or reacting to failures after the fact, increases uptime while reducing spending. Replacing parts before their true end of life uses labour and materials that could be used in other ways. Calendar-based maintenance doesn’t neatly or necessarily correspond to actual asset condition, and it doesn’t help teams spot quickly progressing problems. Significant failures can still happen even with regular preventive maintenance.

When maintenance teams are in a reactive mode and responding to failures, rather than keeping machinery in peak operating condition, reliability, efficiency, and production are all hampered.

Using real-time knowledge of asset condition enables teams to use the full lifespan of machine components and plan repairs in advance. Repairs can be made before extensive damage occurs, meaning unplanned downtime occurs much less often.

Analysis software makes it possible for even small teams or novice technicians to interpret asset data. Some software even offers teams the ability to customize operational thresholds for assets, and to send notifications and alarms whenever an asset operates out-

side of those defined limits. From there, the team can intervene as necessary and diagnose the problem.

Taking a proactive maintenance approach

Aligning a machine is not a one-time event. To understand how the alignment of your machines change over time, you need to collect and analyze machine condition data. That real-time asset data makes it possible for teams to identify and resolve potential problems before they escalate. It also makes your team safer.

Not only does condition monitoring reduce the number of times technicians need to access hard-to-reach or hazardous areas as part of route-based maintenance, but planned repairs are much safer than emergency corrective repairs. With a combination of condition monitoring and software, your team can remotely monitor assets, accessing real-time measurements from a desktop computer or a smartphone. Having an overall facility view of asset health helps teams plan and prioritize. Labour hours are often a limited resource for maintenance teams, and using time and effort wisely drives productivity and safety.

Making data-driven decisions improves operations — but is only possible when teams have the right data and know what to do with it. Maintenance teams that don’t pay attention to machine alignment are operating with a blind spot.

Keeping your machinery properly aligned has numerous benefits. It reduces downtime, decreases your energy bills, extends the life of your equipment, and allows your maintenance team to optimize their time and effort.

In today’s competitive landscape, the costs of wasted time, energy, parts, and materials add up quickly. Availability and reliability are key. Being proactive about alignment can mean more uptime with less spending. MRO Eric Elder is Service Manager for the Americas region at Prüftechnik (www. pruftechnik.com), part of the Fluke Reliability family. He holds a Bachelor of Science Degree in aviation maintenance from the Pennsylvania College of Technology.

Eric has more than 10 years of experience in industrial maintenance, including as an alignment specialist and is a Certified Reliability Leader (CRL) and Vibration Analyst, Category II (ISO 18436.2).

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ASSET MANAGEMENT IN THE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS – IS THERE A DIFFERENCE? The opportunity for North American companies to adopt asset management as their approach in doing business.

BY CLIFF WILLIAMS

perceived benefit other than, maybe, reputational, as opposed to the private sector that has always considered ISO certification as being a way to demonstrate their commitment to quality, environment, and value in their marketplace, and by inference, a company you’d like to do business with.

What has driven governments to suggest asset management has been the belief that money, such as grants, taxes, etc., has not been utilized to the fullest value?

The belief in asset management in Ontario was so strong that the government enacted Ontario Regulation 588/17 – Asset Management Planning for Municipal Infrastructure, which required municipalities to provide detailed asset management plans with justification, initially for their core assets, such as water, wastewater, roads, bridges, and culverts and expanding to all of their assets (COVID-19 has forced the due dates to be a little bit fluid).

This Ontario Regulation is detailed in what it requires from the municipalities, but, in a somewhat similar way to ISO 55000, it doesn’t prescribe how or what these details should result in; it presents itself more as a report card rather than a road map for continuous improvement.

So, let’s look at some of the differences that applying asset management in the municipal or government sector brings.

Of course, the focus of asset management is providing value for the stakeholders, so how do the municipalities demonstrate that?

The first challenges they face are; the number and different types of stakeholders; the government that provides grants and funds; the residents and businesses who pay taxes in one form or another; the employees at the municipality who are meant to oversee all of this; and the council. There is such a wide range in the stakeholder group of residents and businesses, which makes it very difficult to come up with a statement of what represents value.

What is of value to some, will be meaningless to others, so how do we determine value?

This usually ends up with strategic objectives as general as “deliver exceptional service” or “promote a high quality of life”, which mean many different things to different people. When the municipality then tries to cascade these objectives into meaningful measures so they can identify success, they find it difficult to do so, and this then cascades through the organization, with each level struggling to find those measures that really impact the strategic objectives.

When some departments find themselves in this situation, they become

Photo: Funtap / Adobe Stock

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sset Management has not been embraced in North America as much as it was expected by those who saw the benefits realized in other countries through the use of PAS 55, which was the precursor to the development of ISO 55000 suite and how organizations found value and success in managing the organizations.

Recently, only 14 or 15 organizations were certified to ISO 55001 in North America, out of over 300 worldwide.

Across the world, we see uptake from utilities, airports, transportation, facilities management, infrastructure, and engineering as well as a smattering of government type organizations.

Obviously, there is an opportunity for North American organizations to adopt asset management as their approach to doing business, but we haven’t seen it yet. This is not a new phenomenon, as those of us who were around for the outburst of lean manufacturing around the world in the 1990s and 2000s can testify; many North American organizations took parts of the lean process and used it in conjunction with their existing processes and called themselves lean, but very few adopted all of the facets that would have realized the benefits of the lean approach.

Some, in fact, thought it simply meant doing more with less, and reduced their workforce and claimed to be lean.

The interesting take on asset management in North America, especially in Canada, is the uptake of asset management by governments and municipalities. It is unlikely that municipalities will certify to ISO 55001, as there is no

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internal focused; what’s important to them and what’s their priority, which is the exact opposite of the intent of asset management.

As mentioned earlier, there is an ultimate responsible body that exists in municipalities – the council. The obvious challenge with this is that they can change every four years and then possibly their priorities do. Council members are elected very often by proposing how they will deal with issues that are important to their residents or a significant or vocal part of them, and not the municipality as a whole. They have the authority and ability to question and even refuse recommendations made to them, and so any proposals made regarding asset management, or actions relating to it, have to be phrased in a way that gives it the best chance of being approved.

Whereas this oversight is how the government works, it can be an impediment to doing what is actually necessary from an asset management perspective, as items that are not likely to be passed by council may not be presented to them.

Back to the idea of value. In the private sector, this is usually, but not only, thought of as profit (or loss), and the means for companies to stay in business. If they don’t meet their strategic objectives or stakeholder expectations, they may find that they will not stay in business for long.

How does this play out in the municipalities? How do they measure their profit or loss? What happens if they find they need an increased budget, or there are unexpected costs during the year, or there are significant failures in their service delivery?

In many instances, there won’t be a choice but to go ahead and address then as they legislated requirements.

In other instances, the inconvenience and disruption will not be acceptable, and so they will spend what is necessary, but you’ll never see a municipality go out of business. As a friend who worked in the

municipal sector most of his career explained to me: “If it’s needed, there will always be money available, and this in turn is one of the disincentives of trying for continuous improvement.”

If it’s difficult to try and identify the stakeholder needs, it will be difficult to show value in meeting them, and will be even more difficult to hold accountability for what might not meet them.

The direction given to municipalities by the government demonstrates the faith in asset management as “the way to do business” as has been seen around the

world, but the ability to show the results may be a little bit more difficult. MRO Cliff Williams is author of the bestselling maintenance novel People – A Reliability Success Story. He is a maintenance and asset management educator, and a keynote speaker at conferences around the world, who believes success is achieved through people. Currently Cliff shares his knowledge and experience as an advisor on maintenance and reliability for people and processes, and asset management with TMS asset management and is a facilitator for PEMAC’s Asset Management Program.

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INDUSTRY 4.0 AND THE FUTURE OF MAINTENANCE The future of maintenance departments and the way they perform their maintenance activities are changing quickly, and technology is taking them in a completely new direction.

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ost of the people that read MRO magazine are on the front line of maintenance and have seen many great changes over the past number of years.

COVID-19 has certainly changed the way we conduct our maintenance activities.

There was a shortage of manpower with the virus spreading within the maintenance department and many facilities did not allow maintenance contractors

on site due to COVID-19 protocols. This created a major labour hour shortage and caused facilities to fall further behind on planned maintenance activities that included preventive maintenance, plant outages, equipment repairs, maintenance trainings, and the list goes on as critical activities were canceled or postponed.

In general, this affected equipment reliability in a big way, and it made

companies think about the future, and prompted corporations to look closely at their maintenance strategies; to looks critically at maintenance regimes and to seek solutions that can predict equipment reliability without totally depending on the human intervention of trades people.

Companies are turning to alternate ways to predict and perform maintenance for several reasons:

Photo: arrow / Adobe Stock

BY PETER PHILLIPS

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Industry 4.0 is built on nine technology pillars. These innovations bridge the physical and digital worlds and make smart and autonomous systems possible.

Businesses and supply chains already use some of these advanced technologies, but the full potential of Industry 4.0 comes to life when they’re used together.

• The shortage of skilled labour through Canada and the U.S. is at unprecedented levels. North America has millions of job openings at this very moment, notably in the skilled trades. This shortfall is expected to continue for the next decade, as colleges and trade schools have fallen behind with the demand.

• Technology is advancing quickly and is becoming more affordable for companies to implement.

• Demand for products has risen sharply, companies need more reliable equipment, and there is less time available for equipment repair and unscheduled breakdowns.

Because of these factors over the next five years, most maintenance departments in large industrial manufacturing facilities are going to see a big change in how maintenance activities are trig-

gered and executed. Preventive maintenance will be done based on equipment health that will be determined by technology instead of set maintenance frequencies. Right now, the vast majority of maintenance departments has twice as many hours of PMs to be completed than the number of maintenance hours they have available to complete them. In conjunction with the shortage of skilled tradespeople and maintenance departments who are fighting a losing battle.

Maintenance management at the corporate level see these factors and are aggressively looking for solutions to maintain the equipment in such a way that planned and scheduled maintenance activities are achieved on schedule.

How will this be achieved?

Maintenance monitoring is at the top of the list. As an example, real-time temperature and vibration monitoring technology is now available from a variety of vendors and at very affordable pricing. Variations in temperature and vibration is detected and reported as soon as they happen. Periodic vibration measurements and analysis of the data are being replaced with real-time sensors. Problems are detected immediately, and repairs can be scheduled well ahead of time. Many companies have applied thermal vibration sensors on every motor and gearbox on the production line.

Historical preventive maintenance on these units barely exist as maintenance monitoring technology has replaced these labour-intensive activities where equipment needed to be shut down, guards removed, a visual inspection completed and then re-assembled.

Industry 4.0 technologies that include artificial intelligence and machine learning will further enhance the monitoring and predicting of equipment health.

The integration of industrial systems and combined data from previously standalone systems will not only moni-

tor and analyze equipment health, but it will also offer solutions to maintenance staff of what needs to be done to solve the issue. Industry 4.0 digital industry technology will transform the way we are currently doing things and allow us to work alongside the machine in new and highly productive ways.

In case you are not fully familiar with Industry 4.0 technologies, here is some additional information of how it integrates with maintenance and equipment.

Industry 4.0 is built on nine technology pillars. These innovations bridge the physical and digital worlds and make smart and autonomous systems possible. Businesses and supply chains already use some of these advanced technologies, but the full potential of Industry 4.0 comes to life when they’re used together.

1. Big data and AI analytics: In Industry 4.0, Big data is collected from a wide range of sources, from factory equipment and IoT devices, CMMS, equipment sensors, equipment and work order historians, etc. Analytics powered by artificial intelligence and machine learning are applied to the data in real time – and insights are leveraged to improve decision-making and automation in every area of equipment health and reliability.

2. Horizontal and vertical integration: The backbone of Industry 4.0 is horizontal and vertical integration. With horizontal integration, processes are tightly integrated at the “field level” – on the production floor, across multiple production facilities, and across the entire supply chain. With vertical integration, all the layers of an organization are tied together – and data flows freely from the shop floor to the top floor and back down again. In other words, maintenance and production equipment and processes are tightly integrated

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Additive manufacturing, or 3D printing, is another key technology driving Industry 4.0. 3D printing was initially used as a rapid prototyping tool, but it now offers a broader range of applications, from mass customization to distributed manufacturing.

– and previously stand-alone data systems and knowledge silos are a thing of the past.

3. Cloud computing: Cloud computing is the “great enabler” of Industry 4.0 and digital transformation. Today’s cloud technology goes way beyond speed, scalability, storage, and cost efficiencies.

It provides the foundation for most advanced technologies – from AI and machine learning to the IoT, and gives businesses the means to innovate. The data that fuels Industry 4.0 technologies resides in the cloud, and the cyber-physical systems at the core of Industry 4.0 use the cloud to communicate and coordinate vital equipment data.

4. Augmented reality (AR): Augmented reality, which overlays digital content on a real environment, is a core concept of Industry 4.0. With an AR system, employees use smart glasses or mobile devices to visualize real-time IoT data, digitized parts, repair or assembly instructions, training content, and more when looking at a physical thing – like a piece of equipment or a product. AR is still emerging, but has major implications for maintenance, service, and quality assurance as well as technician training and safety.

5. Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT):

The Internet of Things (IoT) – more specifically, the Industrial Internet of Things – is so central to Industry 4.0 that the two terms are often used interchangeably. Most physical things in Industry 4.0 – devices, robots, machinery, equipment, products – use sensors and RFID tags to provide real-time data about their condition, performance, or location. This technology lets companies run smoother, prevent equipment downtime, track spare part inventory, and much more.

6. Additive manufacturing/3D printing: Additive manufacturing, or 3D printing, is another key technology driving Industry 4.0. 3D printing was initially used as a rapid prototyping tool, but it now offers a broader range of applications, from mass customization to distributed manufacturing. With 3D printing, for example, parts and products can be stored as design files in virtual inventories and printed on demand at the point of need – reducing both transportation distances and costs.

7. Autonomous robots: With Industry 4.0, a new generation of autonomous robots is emerging. Programmed to perform tasks with minimal human intervention, autonomous robots vary greatly in size and function, from inventory

scanning drones to autonomous mobile robots for pick and place operations.

Equipped with cutting-edge software, AI, sensors, and machine vision, these robots are capable of performing difficult and delicate tasks – and can recognize, analyze, and act on information they receive from their surroundings.

Crafts people will need to have specific knowledge and skills to maintain these complex machines.

8. Simulation/digital twins: A digital twin is a virtual simulation of a real-world machine, product, process, or system based on IoT sensor data. This core component of Industry 4.0 allows businesses to better understand, analyze, and improve the performance and maintenance of industrial systems and products. An asset operator, for example, can use a digital twin to identify a specific malfunctioning part, predict potential issues, and improve uptime.

9. Cybersecurity: With the increased connectivity and use of Big Data in Industry 4.0, effective cybersecurity is paramount. By implementing a Zero Trust architecture and technologies like machine learning and blockchain, companies can automate threat detection, prevention, and response – and minimize the risk of data breaches and production delays across their networks.

It can be easily concluded that the future of maintenance will be very high tech. Of course, there will still be a need for trades people to turn wrenches, change parts and repair equipment.

However, knowing when that work needs to be done will often be prescribed by technology.

In the future, we will see fewer maintenance tradespeople in our departments, as historic ways of doing maintenance will be replaced with technology that provides the real-time condition of the equipment. Tradespeople will be highly trained to interpret and react to technology-based equipment monitoring. In reality, that will significantly change the way we do maintenance and it upon us, and we must learn and adapt starting now. MRO Peter Phillips is the owner of Trailwalk Holdings Ltd., a Nova Scotia-based maintenance consulting and training company. Peter has over 40 years of industrial maintenance experience. He travels throughout North America working with maintenance departments and speaking at conferences. Reach him at 902798-3601 or peter@trailwalk.ca.

Photo: zapp2photo / Adobe Stock

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WHAT’S NEW IN PRODUCTS

For more product news, visit www.mromagazine.com/products

WON linear bearings and rails

UHF RFID patient ID wristband

AutomationDirect WON linear bearings generate lower friction, which means less power is required to move a load, and higher speeds can be achieved. WON linear bearing blocks are available in a range of sizes. The H series offers four rows of continuously circulating ball bearings and comes in a flanged or rectangular form factor, and the M and MB series offer two rows and come in either a rectangular or long rectangular form factor. Linear rail in lengths up to 1000 millimetres and matches the series of bearing blocks that is selected. All bearing/ rail systems provide four-direction equal load sharing in any direction for lower friction and smooth motion. www.automationdirect.com

SATO UHF RFID direct thermal wristband for identification, verification and tracking of patients in hospitals. Designed for comfort and optimal reads within hospital location systems. The UHF RFID wristband and compact four-inch printer, the CT4-LX UHF, can be integrated into a complete ID and tracking system with third party readers and antennas. Readers can be positioned around the hospital so staff can be alerted immediately of any unexpected movement.

With a SATO AEP (application enabled printing) compatible printer, users can both encode wristbands and develop custom apps to streamline their work processes. www.sato-global.com

Sandvik Coromant’s CoroCut QI grooving tools

lighter cutting action and cutting forces that aid vibration-free machining, and a rail insert seat for a stable insert position.

The insert geometries include -GF, a ground sharp insert for internal grooving, -TF with direct pressed geometry for face grooving and internal grooving and turning, and -RM, for non-linear turning such as internal and face profiling. www.sandvik.coromant.com

Sandvik Coromant launched CoroCut QI, a range of internal and face grooving inserts designed for smaller diameters.

CoroCut QI provides a selection of tools for numerous parting and grooving applications, designed specifically for smaller diameters. All inserts fit both internal and face grooving tool holders.

CoroCut QI is divided into internal grooving and face grooving application areas, and is an upgrade of the T-max Q-Cut 151.3 program. The design allows for greater chip control, a 10 per cent productivity increase, and a 20 per cent improved tool life aided by tighter edge-rounding tolerances and internal coolant for both internal and face grooving tools.

Key features of the CoroCut QI include a tip seat angle for

Neutrino SX8 MWIR Camera module and sour Neutrino IS Series models Teledyne FLIR Neutrino SX8 mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) camera module and four Neutrino IS Series models designed for integrated solutions requiring HD MWIR imagery with size, weight, power, and cost (SWaP+C) constraints for commercial, industrial, defense OEMs, and system integrators.

Based on Teledyne FLIR HOT FPA technology, the Neutrino SX8 offers 1280×1024 HD MWIR imagery for ruggedized products. The SX8 and the Neutrino IS series models are for integration with small gimbals, airframes, handheld devices, security cameras, targeting devices, and asset monitoring applications. Neutrino IS products include a Teledyne FLIR CZ lens integrated with a Neutrino SWaP Series camera module (VGA or SXGA). www.flir.com

Tough Gun TT4A and TT4E reamers Tregaskiss Tough Gun TT4A (analog) and TT4E (ethernet) reamers offer a.95HP motor and 236 pounds of lifting force at 95 psi.

The cutter blades are resistant to breaking, chipping or cracking.

Features: durable valves and cylinders rated for 10M+ cycles and a wire cutter that can run 1M+ cycles without requiring maintenance. The reamers feature a motor that lasts up to 18M cycles at 80+ psi.

An anti-spatter reservoir with 20-ounce capacity reduces the need for frequent refills to improve productivity, while a low fluid level indicator sends an alert to the PLC/robot when anti-spatter solution is low.

The reservoir includes a tethered cap and easy-clean filter to protect against anti-spatter contamination, which can also lead to weld quality issues. www.tregaskiss.com

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Previous guests and topics have included:

The Podcast for MRO Professionals The podcast features conversations with industry experts about maintenance, reliability, repair, asset management, safety and operations. Topics that are of utmost importance to MRO readers.

• Scott MacKenzie, Senior National Manager of External Affairs, Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada – Maintenance at TMMC Plants with a Focus on the Environment; • Martha Myers, Founder and Owner, Martha Myers Consulting Service – Importance of Networking and Education in Maintenance; • Doc Palmer, Managing Partner, Richard Palmer and Associates Inc – Focus on Scheduling and Planning of Maintenance; • James Reyes-Picknell, President, Conscious Asset – Managing Maintenance and Reliability; • Shawn Casemore, President, Casemore and Co Inc – Engaging Your Employees in a Safety Culture; and • Steve Richmond, CEO, Projetech Inc - How the expansion of 5G networks can benefit maintenance and repair operations MRO

Mr. O’s Tip Increase affordability and efficiency with cloud-based EAM systems It’s never been more important for companies to manage assets effectively in order to scale in the best way possible. Just having a better product or service is no longer adequate in today’s world; organizations are now expected to develop their product better, faster, and cheaper, meaning they need to maximize the productivity of their assets and equipment to really succeed.

Companies are now faced with the choice between installing enterprise asset management (EAM) Cloud or EAM On-Premise systems with modern applications to reach these goals. It was only a decade ago when the most typical way to deploy an EAM system was through an on-site data centre, but things have changed.

On-premises installations that are hosted and controlled internally

by IT departments are now being outperformed by software-as-aservice (SaaS) and cloud-based alternatives. Most EAM technologies are now cloud-based SaaS models, and they offer some significant advantages, especially when it comes to increasing affordability and efficiency.

Affordability: Perhaps the best thing about an EAM Cloud system is the amount of money you can save upfront. Their minimal start-up costs also make cloud EAM apps popular with smaller businesses. Cloud-based SaaS models eliminate the need for upfront capital investments, and you only pay for what you use. They give you the freedom to scale up or down your service based on your monthly requirements, and you also get seamless automated software upgrades and backups.

On the other hand, on-premise systems require a significant initial expenditure because you must acquire and maintain the gear required

to run the EAM software. You’ll end up spending more in the long run, and these costs can add up quickly. If affordability is your focus, go with an EAM Cloud system for the most bang for your buck.

Efficiency: In a side-by-side comparison for efficiency, an EAM Cloud system is going to be far more superior to an EAM On-Premise system. With SaaS or cloud-based EAM systems, upgrades are handled automatically by the vendor, enabling workers to do other tasks and effectively outsource the technical expertise required with EAM maintenance.

Updates are also performed regularly by software providers to improve software stability typically overnight, which allows for as little disruption as possible.

With an on-premise system, you’ll be faced with big challenges if your physical premise is ever damaged by a natural disaster or power loss, which is not a problem when you store critical EAM data in the cloud. Aside from having to spend time maintaining and troubleshooting expensive on-site hardware, an on-premise system also doesn’t offer efficient capabilities for your maintenance staff to access asset data via the cloud from any device, anywhere, instead of having the data on a single computer.

Choosing the appropriate EAM for your business is no easy task.

First and foremost, you must examine your organization’s needs, finances, data, and scalability constraints. However, most companies are going to find more benefits from an EAM Cloud system, especially when it comes down to affordability and efficiency.

- Steve Richmond, CEO and Founder, Projetech, Inc.

View all the tips at mromagazine.com/mr-os-tips/ Or scan the QR code!

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